AcaStat User Manual
Contents
1. automatically select the converted text Click the copy button and open a spreadsheet program select a cell in the spreadsheet and click the paste button in the spreadsheet Check the results carefully to ensure the table is formatted and aligned properly AcaStat User Manual 30 Other Menu Items and AcaStat Features Help Menu Help Click Help to open the help module The contents can be sorted or searched by topic Statistics Glossary The glossary contains over 200 terms and definitions The search button will find matching records and sort the list box so all topics matching the search are listed at the top in bold Pressing the Enter key after entering a search term will also initiate the search Press Reset before conducting another search Check for Updates The Help menu contains an option to check for updates AcaStat connects to the Internet and automatically compares the installed version with the version of the update If a newer update is available the appropriate installation file may be downloaded to the computer desktop The update option is only available for licensed users It is not available for versions purchase from Mac App Store Updates for Mac App Store purchases are automatically pushed to licensed users System Requirements recommended minimum Mac OS X 10 7 or later Windows XP or later AcaStat Software 43584 Merchant Mill Terrace Leesburg VA 20176 USA support acastat com http www acastat2. 2 3 4 etc AcaStat User Manual 16 Computing New Variables Create a new variable by mathematically manipulating the values of the original variable This is most useful when transforming a variable by squaring or taking the square root of the original values It is also useful for applying a constant to all observations in a variable to remove negative numbers or to develop an index The Compute procedure can be used to create an exact duplicate of a variable or create a new Use compute to create a new variable that is based on an old variable This feature allows you to mathematically manipulate a variable s values As an example you may wish to add 100 to a proportion to convert it to a percentage or you can square A2 or take the square root 4 5 of values to improve its properties for a simple regression analysis Variable List IDNUM Recode Combine Replace AGE 7 EDUC DEGREE gt Value New Var MARITAL AGE RACE I 2 AGESQ SEX TN A CHILDS EN l CLASS Duplicate Variable SEI Log Variable FAMINE Compute Reset Close variable that represents the natural log of another variable s values Procedure v Select the variable to use for the compute from the list box v Enter a variable name for the new variable limit to 8 characters Example AgeSq for squaring age in years v Select the operation to perform by clicking on a radio button v Enter the value to use in the compute statement Note
3. For Windows versions use the Windows Control Panel option ADD REMOVE programs to uninstall AcaStat Files that were created or changed after installation of AcaStat must be removed separately by the manual file deletion procedures in Mac and Windows Terminology Used in the Manual When discussing statistical procedures the manual will refer to two general types of data continuous and categorical The following terms will be used for convenience and simplicity but there are variations in these themes that will be apparent to those with statistics training Please see the Statistics Glossary in AcaStat for more information on these and related terms Continuous Data This refers to data where it is reasonable to calculate an average This type of data is also referred to in statistics as interval ratio level of measurement or scale data AcaStat User Manual 5 Categorical Data This refers to data where averages would not be meaningful This type of data is also referred to in statistics as nominal ordinal level of measurement or discrete data AcaStat Startup Screen AcaStat starts by displaying the Data module and an empty spreadsheet A control panel along the left side of the application contains statistical procedure controls Use the Statistical Procedures panel to select and run analyses The Output Viewer module automatically displays the results for the current analysis and stores all analyses conducted after opening Aca
4. To paste data from a table use your mouse to select and copy data in a word processor spreadsheet or database table In Data Grid select Data Paste Data Into Spreadsheet A data module will display a portion of the data for review before importing This procedure replaces all data in the current spreadsheet Split Large Data Files The Split Data module creates a new data file that includes only selected variables Use Split Large Data Files to create a new data file that Use the arrow button to copy variables contains a subset of variables from the current file This A naa ick run to create a new data file feature reduces the size of large data files to increase analysis speed and improve data editing capacity The new file retains variable formatting Current File gt New File IDNUM AGE Click the Edit pull down menu in the Data module and select ade the Split Large Data Files option A list of the variables in the MARITAL current data file is provided Select variables from the current file list to include in the new file and click the right arrow button To remove a variable from the new file list select the Run Close AcaStat User Manual 13 variable and click the left arrow button Click run to create the new data file Merging Data Files to Add Records This procedure can be used to merge two identically formatted AcaStat data files so that the observations in one file are added to the
5. all output or selected items in the output log To select multiple items in the Mac version press and hold the Command key while selecting items in the output log For the Windows version use the Control key for the same function Print Output This menu item prints all output or selected items in the output log To select multiple items in the Mac version press and hold the Command key while selecting items in the output log For the Windows version use the Control key for the same function By default AcaStat prints a date and time header and a Notes section on each page printed Edit Menu EN Cut Use this menu item to remove selected output text and save the text to the system clipboard Cut A B Copy X C 7 Copy Clear XD Convert Output to Tab Delimited Use this menu item to copy selected output text to the system Select All 92 A clipboard Paste Use this menu item to paste text from the system clipboard into the output screen Clear Use this menu item to delete all output log entries Select All Selects all the text in the output screen Convert Output to Tab Delimited AcaStat User Manual 29 Use this option to convert output to improve copying and pasting tables into a spreadsheet This option inserts tabs into the output so that pasted output aligns properly in the columns of a spreadsheet Use the Edit menu item Convert Output to Tab Delimited to convert the text The operation will
6. be complete when the data file is saved Delete Column Deletes the column for the currently selected cell Delete one column at a time The change will be complete when the data file is saved AcaStat User Manual 12 Paste When paste is used in the Data module an import procedure places data copied from another application into the spreadsheet Paste clears the spreadsheet before importing the data The operation is identical to importing a tab delimited data file Clear If the Data module is visible this clears all data from the spreadsheet and resets the variable lists If an output screen is visible this will clear the contents and the output log Convert Output to Tab Delimited If the Output module is visible this formats the output with tabs to improve the alignment of tables copied from AcaStat for pasting into spreadsheet software The tabs are used by spreadsheet software to align the table data properly into columns Data Menu Copy Data from Spreadsheet Paste Data into Spreadsheet Copy Data from Spreadsheet l Split Large Data Files Copies all the data in the spreadsheet for pasting in Merge Data Files Add records from another file other software e Create Data Dictionary Use Weight Variable Paste Data into Spreadsheet Filter Data You can paste data copied from a word processor spreadsheet or database table The data must have variable names on the first row of the copied data
7. can be changed by clicking the Edit Chart button to view chart options Options include changing the chart title axis labels and the chart background Decimal values and minimum and maximum values for the Y and X axis currently only available for scatterplots can also be changed Click OK to rebuild the chart using the new settings Click Cancel to close without making the changes The chart procedure will return to the default settings when a new chart is created Using the By Variable List box To produce a chart with group comparisons place the grouping variable in the By variable list box An example is shown below where marital status in analyzed by the sex of the respondent Chart Type Options Bar Vertical Marital Status by Respondent Sex Bar Horizontal E Mae Mi Female Cylinder Vertical Edit Chart Cylinder Horizonta Pie Chart Pie Chart 3D Histogram 35 Trend Line Variable List Analysis Variable IDNUM MARITAL AGE EDUC DEGREE MARITAL RACE By SEX CHILDS CLASS SEI FAMINC Control RESPINC 0 WRKSTAT Manied Widowed Divorced Separated Never Maried WRKGOVT None v Marital Status SPDEGREE T Percent d Doll Reset Charts Module 2044 Records 51 Variables AcaStat User Manual 27 Output Viewer Module The Output Viewer module displays the results of the analysis in a text window for editing printing and saving as a text file Each time a statistical procedur
8. information on individuals each row should contain the data for one person observation If the data contain information on cities each row should contain the data relevant to one particular city Columns Each column represents data for all observations relating to one variable or characteristic As an example if a column contains information on personal income in U S dollars all data in that column should represent the income for each person in the data file Cells Each cell represents a value for one observation for one variable It can contain string data words or numerical data numbers Most research data files use numerical data to represent words As an example for the variable sex it is common to code Male as 0 and Female as AcaStat User Manual 7 1 This makes data entry much easier since one number is entered instead of typing a word It also simplifies recoding variables identifying controls and running analyses Entering data To enter data point and click on a cell and begin typing Pressing an arrow key will save the entry and move the data entry point to another cell As an example pressing the right arrow key will save the entry and move the data entry point to the right Pressing the Escape Esc key will cancel data entry Pressing the Enter key will move the data entry point down one row Editing data To edit data click on the cell to edit Pressing any of the arrow keys will save the entry and mo
9. 1 Edit Menu EN Replace Values Replace Values Add Row VEER o Add Column XOEL Use Replace Values to change cell contents within one or Relate Row O 3eW more variables This feature is most useful for correcting Delete Column XOSEN data entry errors or changing string contents to values e g to change Male and Female strings so that all Male strings are coded the value 0 and all Female strings are coded the value 1 Use Undo to return the cell contents to Clear XD the immediate preceding value This procedure can be used on one or multiple variables by holding the Control button Mac Command button while selecting variables Procedure v Select the variable to search by clicking on the variable name in the list box Enter the value or string of the search parameter Y v Enter the value to use to replace the search parameter v Click the Replace button Note It may be helpful to conduct replace operations on duplicate variables so the original variable is not disturbed Use the Compute procedure to duplicate a variable Add Row Adds one row to the bottom of the spreadsheet Add Column This adds one column to the far right of the spreadsheet up to 60 columns In most cases this feature will not be used Columns are added automatically when data are entered into the next to last column Delete Row Deletes the row for the currently selected cell Delete one row at a time The change will
10. AcaStat User Manual Version 8 3 for Mac and Windows Copyright 2014 AcaStat Software A All rights Reserved Mac http www acastat com Table of Contents MIROR Ga TON aaa 5 SETTING HELP lt a a asennad 5 INSTALA TO Nitro 5 UNINSTALLING FGA S TA aii A i 5 TERMINOLOGY USED IN THE MANUAL ococccoccccccoccocnconcocnnoconcnonnconononnnnnnononnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnanennnnanen 5 ACASTAT STARTUP SORE EIN Sis 6 BATA MODULE e T ROW eaei E E E A AT T C OUIAS sieaa E E AAT EE OAA AA T Cali 7 EIST ING data dd calacrete uudtie lleida 8 A 8 Spreadsheet and Data File LimitS oocooccocccccnccnconiconconnconcncnnnncnnnnnncnnononcnnnnancnnnnnnnos 8 rad and DO cas 8 PLE MENO tia 9 A e diay sere dee atte eines yeaa ieee see eae edeete 9 Oben Dala Ple ia lacada ars 9 Save Data FIGAS mistral sosa 9 Data IS TTORT AIN iS 9 Import lab Delmited Data A iS 9 Import Comma Delimited Data occoccccccccnconiconconcccnnonncononnnnannnconcnnnnonnnnnnnnononnnnannanononnnns 9 Import Other Delimited Text Data ooccooccccccoccconcoccccnconnconcocncononconcnnnconnnnnnonononnnonnnnnonnnnono 9 OSON IMPONG Dala suas dai di datan oleo cueca eel cn ostias 10 Tips on using a spreadsheet application to create a csv or txt file oooccoccocn 10 Pasing Dala a eae A dite mene 8 canestent E eeeeecet ade 10 IMPONE Text Data FlOS ciao id 10 Example Of IMPOL ENO nan a a a a E O 11 Expor
11. S sena E E EENET AE 20 e 20 y anable lt ed 20 Dependent VarlaDle inside ia 20 INGEDENGENE V AMADIS siis a E T aa 20 Gontrol Y arnaDle serier EA EE 20 Tips Ttor using Me CONTOBO actions 21 PROCEDURES A AA iia 21 A nedehne side salt oe dee baste a r 21 ISE MADE dde cid 21 DGSCIIDUV CS voto A a e 21 EXPIOre MEANS a a iRod 21 ETOSStaPU ALONE ee eee arene ere eee 22 TES Of a 23 Analysis of Variance ANOVA oocoocccoccocccoccnoccnoncnonononononononononononononnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnenanenenenenss 23 Pearson GOMelALON soria ici 23 OLS Redes Ossa e da en cedo le desi oles UL dd 23 LOGISTIC Regresi n aio 23 DIAN OSI ACA a e e idad 24 SIMI AN AA AAA 24 Random S AIO Sire daa didas 24 Repeated Sap imita a A T ae eas 25 Appraisal Statistical Procedure occconconccociconconiconconcconnnnnnononnocnnnonononnonnnnnonnonanonnnnaninnnnons 25 CHARTS MODULE o 26 SAVE CHART A E A e e ada 26 PASTE CHART its 26 VARIABLE BS kc cia 27 EDITING CHARTS iia 27 USING THE BY VARIABLE LISTBOX rirani e a AEN 27 OUTPUT VIEW ER MODUL E aurrie eE E TE 28 FILE MENU Se E A S O 28 AcaStat User Manual 3 ODS OUT OE lencia 28 Save DUIPUCAS urna 29 Fe oN ee MI shan sinless cere cra tees as T anne nl meee ag eae ee ees 29 EDIT MENU nreno a ate ca ii 29 A AE E E EAI EE AE I E EERE ATA E EE enna E E A EE E 29 A onee E E Te AEE eee A 29 Pa a do e e ob 29 O RA 29 SEA as 29 Convert Output to Tab Delimited occcoccocc
12. Select the operation to perform by clicking a radio button Y Click the Combine button AcaStat User Manual 17 Calculate Menu Calculate Run Procedure Run Procedure Select Run Procedure to start an analysis This has the same function as the Calculate button on the toolbar Run Chart Select Run Chart to create a chart This has the same function as the Calculate button on the toolbar Data Examples Menu Data Examples Student Workbook Carotid Stenosis Use the example files to view variable and value Tac asas formatting and learn how to use the statistical procedures City Managers and output log Additional data files are available at AFQT http www acastat com 7 College Admissions gt General Social Survey 2012 gt General Social Survey 2008 General Social Survey 2008 2012 General Social Survey 1993 Documentation Menu Documentation QuickStart pdf User Manual pdf Student Workbook pdf Statistics Handbook pdf AcaStat includes a QuickStart guide and User Manual All documentation is in pdf format and is available via an Internet link To read these files Adobe Acrobat Reader version 6 0 or later must be installed on the host computer Acrobat Reader is a free download from Adobe For more information visit http www adobe com for download information You must have Internet access to view the documentation Student Workbook
13. Stat The output from all procedures including the tutorial is automatically appended to the output log AcaStat DOoy 3 z 0906 ey Cut Copy Data Paste Data Format Recode Del Add Print Glossary Help AcaStat Calculate Data Output Viewer Procedures Options Frequencies List Variables Chi Square Descriptives Pareto Chart Explore Means Crosstabulation T test of Means ANOVA Correlation Variable List Analyze Control None 0 Records O Variables AcaStat User Manual 6 Data Module The Data module uses a spreadsheet to create import and export data files Opening or importing a new file will replace the current contents 600 GSS2012 dcs Gi i 6 1 O gt gt 00e y New Open Save Cut Copy Data Paste Data Format Recode Del Print Glossary Help AcaStat Calculate Output Viewer Procedures Options ID WTSS ABANY ABSINGLE ACCPTOTH Frequencies i 1 2 621962 List Variables Chi Square Descriptives Pareto Chart Explore Means Crosstabulation T test of Means ANOVA Correlation Variable List Analyze CONLEGIS DEGREE CONMEDIC CONPRESS CONSCI CONTV CONVICTD NiINiD iPOD iO A ia ps uy Ww Cir IOIN IWIOIN Oi N iOiN iN O Cir OWING DIVORCE DWELOWN NINOS NiO VJ U O Control Variables exceed datagrid maximum of 60 1974 Records 103 Variables Rows Each row represents one observation this is also known as the unit of analysis If the data contain
14. The Student Workbook contains over 20 lessons designed to introduce basic statistical concepts while also demonstrating the functionality of AcaStat The Student Workbook can be opened via the AcaStat Documentation menu File Name Workbook pdf P Availability Website http www acastat com pdfdocs htm AcaStat User Manual 18 Applied Statistics Handbook The Applied Statistics Handbook contains formulas definitions and examples along with annotated output from statistical software It is designed to be a quick reference resource not a complete statistics text If you have a licensed version of AcaStat the Handbook can be opened via the AcaStat Documentation menu All AcaStat manuals are copyright protected File Name Statbook pdf Availability AcaStat Licensed Edition AcaStat User Manual 19 Statistical Procedures The Statistical Procedures control panel is used to select the type of analysis and variables An options box is displayed for each procedure Controls Procedures Options Frequencies List Variables Chi Square Variable List Descriptives fe hast Explore Means Use the Variable List to select the variables for analysis As pea an example to produce frequencies tables for the variables ANOVA sex and race select the sex variable in the variable list box A Correlation A A Variable List Analysis Variables indicator will appear in the Analysis Variables header To IDNUM add the selected varia
15. ampling distribution When the sampling is complete AcaStat will run the Descriptives procedure on the mean variable Appraisal Statistical Procedure Procedures ANOVA Correlation Regression OLS Regression Log Diagnostic Tests Sample Random Sample Repeated Avoraisal Ratios Variable List IDNUM AGE EDUC DEGREE MARITAL RACE SEX CHILDS CLASS SEI FAMINC RESPINC WRKSTAT WRKGOVT SPDEGREE Mall Sampling Sample n 30 Iterations 1000 Run Sample Variable RESPINC Contro None Reset The Appraisal procedure is used to determine tax assessment values of real estate Use of this procedure requires data on the market selling price and the assessed value of homes to compute ratios and other statistics A practice data file Tax Assessments is included with AcaStat AcaStat User Manual 25 Charts Module Click the chart icon below the variable list box to open the charts module The Charts module produces graphic displays of data The chart can be saved printed and copied by using the toolbar buttons or menu pull down The chart can also be formatted to adjust background titles and decimals Only one variable at a time can be used The control variable option available for conducting statistical procedures is also available to chart subgroups of data en GSS2012 dcs O bel e y BETE Ar A 90908 y Ne
16. ana ey io BF U SAG D 6 2 Ss P Sheets O B 2 D E EM EDUC INCOME WORKEXP SEX 2 4 6281 17 0 3 4 10516 22 1 4 6 6898 14 0 5 6 8212 13 1 6 6 11744 17 0 7 8 8618 10 1 8 8 10011 19 0 9 8 12405 15 1 10 8 14664 8 1 11 Pasting Data To paste data from a table select and copy data in a word processor spreadsheet or database table In the Data module select File Import Paste Data or use the paste button on the toolbar The paste procedure replaces all data in the current spreadsheet Copied data must be consistent with the tips discussed below Importing Text Data Files AcaStat assumes the first row in an imported file contains the variable names If the data file is large it may take a few moments to read the data Once read the data will be displayed in the spreadsheet and variable names column headings will be visible in the variable list box After importing data save the file as an AcaStat system file This will increase loading speed and allows the file to retain variable formatting As noted earlier use the Split Data module to AcaStat User Manual 10 reduce the size of very large data files it is not unusual to see social science data files with over 700 variables Example of Import Error When creating a comma separated value file make sure all commas have been removed from the cell contents before creating the file If they are not removed as might be the case with currency data AcaSt
17. and variable values and set missing values Click Set to save formatting Click Copy Format to copy value and missing settings for pasting into other variables Since variable names are used as column labels and are listed in the variable list boxes it is important to create short but meaningful variable names 8 characters or less As an example level of education could be named DEGREE or EDUC or EDYRS Variable Label Use variable labels to create a more detailed description of the variable The variable label is used to create more meaningful output Using the above example DEGREE could be labeled Respondent s Highest Degree Change Decimals Specify the number of decimals displayed and stored for the selected variable This option will Variable Format Variable List IDNUM Name DEGREE AGE E EDUC e Respondent s Highest Degree DEGREE Change decimals Value Format Value Label Value Label 0 lt than High School 4 Graduate 1 High School 2 Junior College 3 Bachelor Missing Values Missing 7 8 9 Missing lt Missing gt Copy Format Set Close permanently change the variable when the file is saved Value Labels Use value labels to create a more detailed description of the values used in a categorical variable The value label is used to create more meaningful output If education is coded O through 4 to represent five general categories the values would be more meaningful if labeled 0 lt High Sc
18. at s import procedure will create an extra variable for each comma This will cause the cell contents in the AcaStat spreadsheet to be out of alignment with the column In the example below the data in rows two and three do not align properly with the appropriate columns N M 46000 45 P O Other import errors may occur if the text file does not exactly match the format specified above The following list is not complete but it contains common errors in importing data e No variable names in the first row e Blank rows at the top of the data file e Special embedded characters in the cells that are neither numbers nor words This is especially common in data copied from an html table from the Internet e Embedded tabs in spreadsheet cells Export Data Tab Delimited Use Export Data to save the contents of the spreadsheet as a text file that contains tabs between each variable column These files are given the filename extension txt This file can be viewed and edited in word processing or spreadsheet software and can be imported into other statistical software Export Data Comma Delimited Use Export Data to save the contents of the spreadsheet as a text file that contains commas between each variable column These files are given the filename extension csv This file can be viewed and edited in word processing or spreadsheet software and can be imported into other statistical software AcaStat User Manual 1
19. ble to the Analysis Variables list box ate click the list box header or drag the variable to the Analysis DECREE Variables list box Use the same procedure to select and place Ls i P RACE the race variable in the list box Clicking the Calculate toolbar sgy button will produce frequencies for both variables Output CHILDS from the analyses will be displayed automatically and recorded in the Output Viewer module FAMINC eT RESPINC WRKSTAT WRKGOVT None 7 Dependent Variable SPDEGREE d Hal Reset The topmost variable list box is used for all univariate analyses Frequencies and Descriptives and one bivariate analysis Correlation At least one analysis or dependent variable must be placed into the Analysis Variables list box Independent Variable With the exception of Frequencies Descriptives and Correlation procedures an independent variable must also be selected another list box will appear below the Analysis Variables list box In the case of t tests subgroup values must be set in the options box for the independent variable so AcaStat compares the correct groups Control Variable A control can be established for all procedures This limits the analysis to a specific subgroup As an example to correlate income with education for females only locate the Sex variable name from the variable list box and drag it into the control box click the button and indicate the value used for females This would re
20. ccnconcconconnconoocncancocoonnconnnnnnnnnnnnonnnnnncnnonnnnnns 29 OTHER MENU ITEMS AND ACASTAT FEATURES ccccccsecserserecerserecsensescersseccerserecsenss 31 FUE AVE ING tt 31 A ee esse ene acd teak nd eileen i eteen ieee Gud ued eet ate 31 SAUS ee GIOSS g ene o 31 CHECK for Update Sui ines 31 AcaStat User Manual 4 Introduction AcaStat provides students teachers researchers and managers with an inexpensive and easy to use data analysis tool and instructional aid AcaStat includes a spreadsheet for entering and viewing data statistical procedures and an output log A statistics glossary is provided and purchased versions of AcaStat include the Applied Statistics Handbook Getting Help Application help can be found in this manual and in the Help module provided with AcaStat A QuickStart guide is also available at http www acastat com universal htm In addition to application help statistical help is provided in three formats v Glossary of statistical terms and definitions v Applied Statistics Handbook in pdf format for licensed versions v Student Workbook in pdf format Installation Download an evaluation version or purchase AcaStat from http www acastat com or Mac App Store The software is downloaded in a self extracting file Save the software and double click on the file to begin the installation process Uninstalling AcaStat For Mac versions drag the program file to the Trash Bin
21. com AcaStat User Manual 31
22. e is run the results are automatically sent to the output log Notes can be added to the output before printing or saving The Output Viewer uses Courier font This is a fixed font that ensures proper alignment of the tables When copying output to a word processor the default font may not be Courier in the word processor This will result in tables that are out of alignment To correct this highlight the output in the word processor and change the font to Courier The font size may also need to be reduced to ensure the output fits widthwise on one page 60060 GSS2012 dcs Ck Ss DO9Qe Q gt New Open Save Cut Copy Paste Format Recode Del Add Print Glossary Help AcaStat Calculate Output List f Frequencies variable WRKSTAT LABOR FORCE STATUS Percent Cumulative Freq WRKSTAT Fulltime Parttime Temp not working Unemployed Retired School Keeping house Missing Value Count 1974 Records 103 Variables File Menu New Click the New button to erase all output 5 Open Output File kel Save Output As Open Output File This feature will load output saved from AcaStat statistical software products to include Windows AcaStat Plus and AcaStat Universal for Mac and Windows and StatCalc 3 Print Output AcaStat User Manual 28 Save Output As This menu item saves output as a text file with the file extension txt This file can be opened in any word processor or spreadsheet application Save
23. escriptive procedures Weights will not be applied to any other procedures Only one weight can be selected at a time Filter Data Select Filter Data to exclude observations from the analysis This module can be used to limit the analysis to a finely defined set of observations Use up to two variables to exclude observations from subsequent analyses The rows excluded from the analyses are marked by a bolded X Resetting the filter removes the filter from future analysis No data are permanently lost when using a filter AcaStat User Manual 14 A filter variable will be added to the spreadsheet If the data file is saved after filtering this filter variable will be saved and formatted with the filter specifications for later use as a control Variable Menu Variable Format Variable Recode Variable Compute Variable Combine Variables Format Variable To make output easier to interpret create variable names and assign short explanatory labels to variable names and values Formatting information will be saved with the AcaStat data file and can be changed at any time If data are exported the formatting information will not be exported Click the Copy Format button to copy value and missing settings for pasting into other variables with the same format such as survey questions with identical response options Variable Name Add labels to variable names
24. evel variable e g race 1 white 2 black 3 Asian 4 Hispanic or ordinal e g political ideology 1 conservative 2 moderate 3 liberal ANOVA optional output includes summary statistics for each subgroup and the Bonferroni post hoc test for multiple comparisons Pearson Correlation Calculates the Pearson correlation coefficient to represent the association between two continuous variables There are two options create matrix or a scatterplot The scatterplot option provides basic statistics and displays a visual representation of the association between two variables For multiple comparisons a correlation matrix is often the best choice OLS Regression Calculates simple regression one independent variable or multiple regression two or more independent variables Ordinary least squares OLS regression requires a continuous dependent variable As an option ordinary least squares regression will add new variables to the spreadsheet representing residuals or predicted values for each observation OLS also allows models with no constant regression through the origin Summary statistics for the variables included in the model are automatically included in the output Logistic Regression Logistic regression requires a dichotomous two values dependent variable Logistic regression will automatically produce summary statistics and as an option will add a new variable to the spreadsheet representing the predicted values for each ob
25. h random sample This procedure helps students test the Central Limit Theorem Central Limit Theorem As sample size increases the sampling distribution of means approximates a normal distribution and is close to normal at a sample size of 30 Random Sample This procedure is used to create a data file that is a Procedures Random Sample ANOVA l randomly selected subset of the current spreadsheet Pedtnlation Sample Size n Enter the sample size desired The sample size must Regression OLS 120 be less than the total number of observations in the dina l Diagnostic Tests current data file Click the Run button to replace the do os current data with a random sample Sample Repeated Appraisal Ratios AcaStat User Manual 24 Repeated Sampling This procedure creates repeated random samples for one variable in the current spreadsheet For each sample iteration the mean and standard deviation are computed and placed into the spreadsheet This results in a new data file where each row represents the summary statistics for one random sample Enter the size of the samples n and the number of random samples Iterations desired Select a variable to conduct the random sampling on and place it in the list box Only one variable will be used for the random sampling Please note that the sample size must be less than the total number of observations in the current data Click the Run button to replace the current data with a s
26. hool 1 High school 2 Junior college 3 Bachelor 4 Graduate Without labels the output would show the values O through 4 AcaStat User Manual 15 Missing Values Identify up to four numerical values to be excluded from the statistical analysis blank cells are always considered missing Values that are less than lt or greater than gt a set value can also be set as missing Recoding Values Use the values of one variable to create a new variable This is most useful when there are several categories in a variable that can be combined into fewer meaningful groups As an example recoding years of education into less than high school high school some college and college graduate Use recode to create a new variable that is based on an old variable This feature is useful for combining a series of values into meaningful categories Begin by selecting one or more variables in the listbox For multiple selections hold the Control button Mac Command button New variable names are automated if selecting more than one variable Variable List IDNUM Compute Combine Replace AGE Set Multiple Category Ranges EDUC z DEGREE MARITAL e lt Value New Var New Value RACE se tp IFEDUC O 12 Then EDUFMT CHILDS gt CLASS SEI FAMINC Recode Reset Close Procedure v Select the variable s to recode by clicking on the variable name in the list box v Select the operation to perform by clic
27. king on a radio button For coding less than 12 years of education select the lt button v Enter the value to use as the basis for the recode For the above example enter 12 v Enter a variable name for the new variable limit to 8 characters Example Edufmt for education v Enter the new variable s value to represent the old values For this example use 1 to represent anyone with less than 12 years of education Y Click the Recode button A new column will be added to the spreadsheet that has the new variable name and the recoded value Repeat the process until all values needed for the new variable have been recoded A module is also available to conduct multiple recodes in a single operation up 100 Click Set Multiple Category Ranges select a variable provide a name for the new variable and then enter start and end values for each category range The module automatically provides default values for the recodes but the values can be edited This module should only be used with numerical data More than one variable can be recoded at the same time Select and recode multiple variables by holding the Control button Mac Command button while selecting variables in the list box Leave the variable name blank AcaStat will automatically name each new variable using the original variable name and adding 2 to the name This option should only be used if the variables have the same range of potential values e g 1 to 10 1
28. n Data File Use to open an existing AcaStat data file AcaStat data files have the extension dcs AcaStat files contain data formatting coding of missing values and data file notes Save Data File As 1 New 5 Open Data File bel Save Data File As Data File Information Fal Import Tab Delimited Text File Import Comma Delimited Text File Import Other Delimited Text File Export as Tab Delimited Text File Export as Comma Delimited Text File Saves the contents and any formatting of the data into an AcaStat data file Data File Information Displays file information and also has a section for file notes Changes to the file notes will not be retained until the data file is saved Import Tab Delimited Data Opens a text file that contains tabs between each variable so AcaStat is able to import the data into a spreadsheet format These files normally have a filename extension of txt or dat Import Comma Delimited Data Opens a text file that contains commas between each variable so AcaStat is able to import the data into a spreadsheet format These files normally have a filename extension of csv The abbreviation csv represents comma separated values Import Other Delimited Text Data Data File Information To save changes to Data File Notes click the Set button and then save the data file to keep the changes File Attributes File Name GSS2008 dcs File Size 250 340 By
29. observations of another AcaStat data file Both files must have identical formatting so that the number of variables is the same in each file and the order of the variables from left to right is identical This procedure is especially useful if the same data formatting variable names labels value labels missing values is used to collect new data Examples include repeated surveys or monthly data downloads from a website or bank account Use the following process Create and save a data file with all the formatting set for variable and value labels and missing values Create additional AcaStat data files by entering the data or importing a delimited data file The number and order of the variables columns must be identical to the original formatted data file To merge files 1 Open the file that has the formatting 2 Use the menu item Data Merge Data Files to select and open the second file The observations from the second file will be added to the first file Create Data Dictionary This option creates a record of the data file variables variable and value labels and missing values formatting The record is displayed in the Output Viewer for saving or printing Use Weight Variable Select Use Weight Variable to identify a variable for weighting observations Weights are often used to compensate for over or under sampling and also for producing population values from a random sample Weights can be used in the frequency and d
30. ondent Sex Row Variable Label Race of Respondent Count Col Male Female Total White 689 861 1550 dT Foe 14467 Black 118 193 311 Loe 16 74 Other 84 99 Les OA 8459 891 1153 2044 AcaStat User Manual Median Use the Limit option to reduce the cell contents in the crosstabulation output _ Default Cell Contents e Limit Cell Contents v Count Row Percent Y Column Percent Total Percent Cancel OK 22 T tests of means Compare the difference between two sample means For t tests the dependent variable must be a continuous variable to produce the means for analysis The independent variable must be a categorical variable often it will be a dichotomous variable such as sex O male 1 female Values representing the comparison groups for the independent variable must be set in the option frame These values are used to separate the dependent variable into two groups Be careful to use the correct values or there may be an error reported that indicates there are not enough cases to compute the t test If there are more than two values in the independent variable the other subgroups will be excluded from the analysis Analysis of Variance ANOVA Compare the difference between two or more sample means Like t tests the dependent variable must be a continuous variable to produce the means for analysis The independent variable must be a nominal l
31. r each subgroup in the Default Output selected categorical variable s Explore requires nE continuous data for the analysis variable The e Limit and List Output by Category categorical variable can be a numeric or string variable a M Count Explore Options limits the output to selected summary er fas Sum Statistics This is very useful when using a categorical By variable An example of the limited version of V Mean output is provided below Y Median Standard Deviation Cancel OK AcaStat User Manual 21 Explore Means EDUC by WRKSTAT WRKSTAT Count Mean Full time 213 14 0984 Part time 234 IS PESAS Temp not working J3 LO gO LOZ Unemployed 143 12 6224 Retired 319 ln Oe eal Schoo DS ls PS Oe Keeping House 234 Wd Ok Other 65 11 7846 Crosstabulation This is a useful procedure for representing the association between two categorical variables in a contingency table Each cell in a contingency table represents a subgroup For each cell the count row percent column percent and total percent are reported default This procedure also automatically produces a chi square statistic Crosstabulations are easiest to interpret when the number of rows and columns in the contingency table are 5 or less Crosstabulation Options limits the cell contents of the output An example of the output when cell contents are limited to count and column percent is provided below Column Variable Label Resp
32. servation AcaStat User Manual 23 Diagnostic Accuracy Diagnostic accuracy compares a test result to a dichotomous reference standard It is used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic test The reference variable can only be two values usually 0 for non disease and 1 for disease This represents the gold standard to compare to the test results Each cell in the table holds counts The test variable can be nominal ordinal or interval ratio The lowest value for the reference standard must always represent non disease The cutpoint T gt represents the point beyond which the test is positive disease indicated As an example if possible test results range from 1 to 4 a cutpoint of 1 means a negative test result and a positive test is indicated by a value of 2 3 or 4 A practice data file Carotid Stenosis is included with AcaStat Simulation Two simulation procedures can be used for manipulating data in the spreadsheet They were designed to help students develop a better understanding of random sampling The Random Sample option creates a random sample from a larger data file Assuming the larger data file represents the entire population a smaller random sample helps students discover how summary sample measures such as means and proportions will vary from population parameters The Repeated Sampling procedure conducts multiple random samples to build a data set that reflects summary measures for eac
33. sult in a correlation procedure that excludes all males The control should be a value number not a string character If using a string control only use the control operator AcaStat User Manual 20 Tips for using the Control Box If a control variable is selected without establishing a control value the statistical procedure will run a separate analysis for each value of the control This is handy for categorical controls such as sex and race but is not recommend for continuous controls such as age body weight and income unless they are first recoded into fewer groups as categorical values Procedures One of the statistical procedures must be selected to run an analysis Frequencies This produces a listing of all the values in a variable the number of times the values occur in the variable and the percent of cases represented by each value Frequencies can be produced on numerical and string data List Variables This produces a listing of observations for up to ten variables Observations are listed in the order they appear in the data file Descriptives Calculates measures of central tendency mean median and variation variance standard deviation Explore Means Use the Limit option to summarize data by listing selected statistics for Explore Means produces descriptive statistics sum each category count mean sample standard deviation standard error 95 confidence interval fo
34. t Data Tab Delimiter nn E A 11 Export Data Comma Delimited ocococcconccoccconcconoconocanocanonanocononanonanonanonanonanonanonano 11 EDIT MENU suit ic 12 Replace valles iio etehene 12 O O O ne ET ee ere eee ee eee ee ee 12 PROG GC OUI satis tate cee eee laa gia 12 ESS OW e dde 12 Delete Col Montana dad 12 A e dela 13 A PP O O 13 Convert Output to Tab Delimited coocccoccoccocnconcconconncononcnconcnnconnnonnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnancnnonnnnons 13 DATA MENU tara O a 13 Copy Data from Spreadsheet aranira ara aia 13 Paste Data into Spreadsheet ccccc ccc sec eeeceeeeeeceeceeeeeeceeeceeeeeecesseetaeeseeseeesseteegseteesaeees 13 Split Large Data Files suscrita crab 13 Merging Data FileS to Add Records ici nean a a enced deities dc A 14 Create Data DICIOM Vecina 14 WISE VVCIOIE VW ALlADIC vcd dd da ideas 14 A A A 14 AcaStat User Manual 2 VARIABLE MENUS iS 15 ROMA Val a A sacd 15 NatlaDle Name rsuinasninia nales intolerancia ias 15 vanable Label iaa 15 Change Decimals ui A A A eek 15 valle Lane Sud roo tools 15 MISSING Valles costas di A a a r 16 RECogIna Valles sonrisas dida Soi 16 Computing New Vanable Sensire nnr aA E tokens 17 Combining TWO Varnable Sessea A E 17 CALCULATE MEN a A A S A 18 RUM FOC COUN seic a a a a heurk cuttin 18 A Te A E A 18 DATAEXAMPLES MENU iia 18 DOCUMENTATION MENU ara a E A 18 student VWVOrKDOOK iii a 18 Applied Statistics Hand Ki a E E E A A 19 STATISTICAL PROCEDURE
35. tes Created 2010 01 01 21 22 27 File Notes editable 2008 General Social Survey This is a subset of the original survey which had over 800 variables Visit http www norc org for codebooks and data downloads The annual survey is funded by the National Science Foundation a Set Notes O If uncertain about how the file is delimited use this option to view the file and identify the correct delimited character The correct delimited value will separate the data into columns AcaStat User Manual Tips on Importing Data Import data from text data files or by pasting data copied from a word processor spreadsheet or database table Please see the section below on using a spreadsheet application to create compatible data files Tips on using a spreadsheet application to create a csv or txt file The first row in the spreadsheet should contain a column label that represents the data in that column keep the labels 8 characters or less These labels represent the variable names and identify columns when imported into the AcaStat spreadsheet see example of spreadsheet format below To save a delimited text file use File Save As and select the file type as either tab delimited or comma separated values CSV format e EXALEI rue CUIL view HISCil roial I UUI gt S Wata VVIEEC eee 90 9 Piigghm amp bl S Ore Er Ly New Open Save Print Import Copy Paste Format Undo Redo AutoSum Sort A Z S Verd
36. that 2 square and 5 square root Y Click the Compute button A new column will be added to the spreadsheet with the variable name and the computed values for all observations Select and compute multiple variables by holding the Control button Mac Command button while selecting variables in the list box Leave the variable name blank AcaStat will automatically name each new variable using the original variable name and adding 2 to the name Combining Two Variables Use Combine Two Variables to create a third variable that is a mathematical combination of Use combine two variables to create a third variable that is a mathematical combination of two other variables This feature creates a new variable that contains the result of the computation You can repeat the operation to systematically combine several variables into one Variable List two other variables This feature creates a sel RAED SAEED coca new variable that contains the result of the RESPINC WRKSTAT G computation Repeat the operation to WRKGOVT vai Var2 New Var i f i i SPDEGREE 5 E systematically combine several variables into SPWRKST PADEG MADEG one O i SIZE P ro ced ure Combine Reset Close v Select the first variable to use from the list box and click the Var1 button Y Select the second variable from the list box and click the Var2 button v Enter a variable name for the new variable limit to 8 characters v
37. ve the data entry point to the relevant cell Do not enter characters such as a Comma or and avoid the use of strings words whenever possible Spreadsheet and Data File Limits The spreadsheet edit capacity is limited to 60 columns The number of rows is controlled by system memory and speed of the computer AcaStat was not developed for large data files Files larger than 100 000 observations will slow loading and analysis If a file has more than 60 variables the spreadsheet will display the first 60 variables although all the variables and observations will be available for analysis Large files can be reduced using the Split Data module found in the Data pull down menu This procedure will create a new file with fewer variables The new file will have the same number of observations and formatting as the original larger file If a file has a large number of observations the random sample Statistical procedure can be used to create a more manageable data file Drag and Drop Variables can be added to analysis list boxes by clicking on a variable holding the mouse button and dragging to the intended list box and releasing the mouse button The data spreadsheet accepts drag and drop for AcaStat data files and delimited text data files tab and csv The Output tab accepts drag and drop for AcaStat output text files AcaStat User Manual 8 File Menu New Clears all data from the spreadsheet and resets the variable lists Ope
38. w Open Save Cut Copy Chart Paste Data Format Recode Print Glossary Help AcaStat Calculate Output Viewer Chart Type Options Bar Vertical Plot Income by Educ Bar Horizontal Cylinder Vertical Edit Chart Cylinder Horizonta Pie Chart 50000 Pie Chart 3D Histogram Trend Line 40000 Variable List Analyze CONLEGIS 35000 CONMEDIC CONPRESS 2 30000 CONSCI o CONTV 25000 CONVICTD By E DIVORCE O DWELOWN EDUC 10000 EMAILHR EVSTRAY Control 5000 FEAR GOD a 0 GRASS None v GUNLAW 0 ad e Reset 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Educ E Charts Module 1974 Records 103 Variables Save Chart If using Windows and the system does not have QuickTime installed the chart is saved as a bmp file Enter a file name and add the extension bmp to ensure the file is saved as an image file For Mac systems and Windows with QuickTime other file type options are available such as gif png and jpg Paste Chart If using Windows use Paste Special Bitmap to paste the chart into other software such as Microsoft Word Mac users should only need to use Paste to insert the chart into a document AcaStat User Manual 26 Variable Limits Some charts only use one variable e g column and pie charts while others use two variables scatterplot Editing Charts Most features of the charts are automatic based on the data and the labeling of variables and values in the data file However some settings
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search