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1. r Systemvariablen Variable Wert C WINNTisystem32 cmd exe 1 Windows_NT Abbrechen Fig 5 5 System Control properties dialog German version of Windows 2000 47 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description Imprint amp Contact This manual is part of the WinProp software suite and property of AWE Communications GmbH Duplication in whole or in parts without written permission by AWE Communications GmbH is strongly forbidden AWE Communications Research amp Development Technical Support Otto Lilienthal Str 36 D 71034 Boeblingen Germany Tel 49 70 31 71497 0 Fax 49 70 31 71 49 7 12 e mail support awe communications com AWE Communications Administration Finances Max Frisch Weg 52 D 71116 Gaertringen Germany Tel 49 70 34 92 99 52 Fax 49 70 34 92 99 81 e mail mail awe communications com Last edited 2013 08 15 1998 2015 by AWE Communications GmbH 48
2. If the option Determination of Indoor Pixels during Pre processing was selected at the pre processing within WallMan the prediction height is normally fixed after the pre processing Nevertheless arbitrary receiver heights are possible for the prediction with the COST model If the specified prediction height doesn t correspond to the pre processing height the Determination of Indoor Pixels will be computed again utilizing the new prediction height 15 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 3 2 12 Resolution The resolution for the prediction is defined on the prediction property page under the Data tab of the Atoll 9955 RNP Explorer If the option Determination of Indoor Pixels during Pre processing was selected at the pre processing within WallMan the resolution is normally fixed after the pre processing Nevertheless arbitrary resolutions are possible for the prediction with the COST model If the specified resolution doesn t correspond to the pre processing resolution the Determination of Indoor Pixels will be computed again utilizing the new resolution Appropriate values for the pixel resolution are from 5 20 meters Smaller resolutions lead to a higher computation time A prediction pixel resolution of less than 5 meters is not recommended as there is no improvement of the prediction accuracy Notice that the resolution is only related to the prediction pixel size The determination of the vertical building profile an
3. the COST post processing and the indoor prediction see figure 3 8 are automatically activated if the hybrid approach i e the standard propagation model is selected gt Note If the prediction area is completely inside the urban database the settings of the hybrid model have no influence to the results 3 5 2 Transition between WinProp results and results outside WinProp area In order to provide a smooth transition between the IRT COST area and the surrounding area which is predicted by the standard propagation model a linear transition function is implemented This linear transition function is controlled by one parameter called maximum distance in meter The principle of this linear transition function is presented in the following figure 3 11 Predicted IRT COST power dBm prediction Linear transition Y Standard propagation model prediction j Distance to border between Border Urban Rural Maximum distance urban and rural area Fig 3 11 Principle of the linear transition function between the WinProp models IRT COST and the standard propagation model The transition function computes the difference between the IRT COST model and the standard propagation model at the border of the WinProp area which corresponds to the border of the urban database as defined within WallMan This difference is taken to modify the prediction by the standard propagation model in the surrounding area up to the given maximum dis
4. NLOS These four exponents influence the calculation of the distance dependant attenuation For further refined modelling approaches different exponents for LOS and NLOS conditions can be applied The default values are 2 4 and 2 6 for the exponents before the breakpoint for LOS and NLOS respectively and 3 8 4 0 for the exponents after the breakpoint for LOS and NLOS respectively Breakpoint distance and offset The breakpoint distance depends on the height of transmitter and receiver as well as the wavelength i e the initial value is calculated according to Armhrxhr A This value can be modified by adapting the breakpoint factor default 4x and or by setting an additional offset in meters Note Normally these settings should be kept on the default values Changes are only required for tuning purposes in comparison to measurements 3 26 Prediction Area The prediction area for the IRT model is defined in the usual way within Atoll 9955 RNP e the computation zone focus zone and the calculation radius of each transmitter are evaluated which leads to the determination of the prediction area If the size of the chosen pre processed database is smaller than the required prediction area the macro cellular standard propagation model MACRO can be enabled together with the transition function which allows the computation of the whole prediction area Based on this procedure it is possible to use a more accurate determinist
5. Output Prediction Database Postprocessing Hybrid model Parameters Clutter taken into account Heights Clutter taken into account in diffraction 1 Yes Receiver on top of dutter 0 No Range Max distance 200 Weighting function 1 Triangular Parameters per dutter dass Losses dB Clearance m RX height m 10 default 10 default 10 default 10 default 10 default 10 default 10 default 10 default 10 default 10 default 10 default 10 default 10 default 10 default 10 default 10 default 10 default 10 default 10 default Undassified 0m Buildings 0m Dense block building 0m Block building 0m Dens urban 0m Mean urban 0m Residential 0m Village 0m Open 0m Rural 0m Park Om Forest Om Water Om Dense urbanhigh Om Industrial Om Open in urban Om lake Om 21 roadinbuilding Om 255 Code255 0m 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 00000000000000000000 Fig 3 13 Clutter dialog for the standard propagation model The layout of this property page corresponds exactly to the Clutter property page of the normal Standard Propagation Model which is available under the Modules tab Propagation models However the user should pay attention to the fact that there are two different parameter sets one for the normal Standard Propagation Model and one for the Standard Propag
6. a different colour Figure 3 7 shows an example of a database containing virtual buildings Fig 3 7 Virtual buildings Hint In Atoll 9955 RNP virtual buildings are not displayed 19 WinProp Plug In User Reference 3 4 Post processing Dialog Parameter Description Besides the distinction between the propagation models IRT and COST the user has different possibilities for the post processing of the results generated by the IRT model Figure 3 8 shows the Post processing dialog General Output Prediction Database Postprocessing Hybrid model Parameters Clutter Postprocessing Indoor 4 Indoor prediction Indoor model 1 constant indoor level 9 Indoor model 2 fixed exponential decrease of indoor level Indoor model 3 definable exponential decrease of indoor level 0 5 dB m Indoor attenuation rate Vertical plane prediction Knife edge diffraction model incl transition to IRT model Filter 4 Filter Filter order Settings Fig 3 8 Post processing settings 3 4 4 Indoor i Check the box Indoor prediction if you want to compute an estimation of the coverage inside the buildings of the urban database No additional database is required There are three different models available for the computation of the indoor coverage e Model 1 predicts a homogeneous indoor level by subtractin
7. be generated by the SaveAs function of WallMan after the odb database is loaded WallMan can read import and write export MapInfo data files In order to compute a prediction the database has to be pre processed for all urban prediction models This has to be done by using WallMan The different prediction models require different pre processing computations and thus different file types 17 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description When setting the parameters in the Database dialog you can choose between the following database types shown in Table 3 3 extension Database file for prediction with vertical plane COST KE model Database file for prediction with the Intelligent Ray Tracing IRT model Table 3 3 Urban database types 3 3 2 Building database You have to select the pre processed database file and its path ATTENTION If you change the database type e g IRT database to COST database you may also have to change the prediction model Also if you change to a completely different database your settings may not be valid anymore The database display is generally independent of this database as the visualized database depends on which Maplnfo file has been imported The user has to ensure that the imported Maplnfo file and the selected pre processed database represent the same urban scenario 3 3 3 Material properties of buildings The material properties of the buildings are taken into ac
8. corresponding service pack number These numbers allow the user to verify which version of WinProp IRT is included in the software package WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 3 1 2 Output folder The basic output file name can be given into the second field A relative or absolute path can be added The individual output files are created by adding a suffix to this basic file name However this folder is only important for the additional prediction results like calibration output and propagation paths while the received power is included in the corresponding Atoll 9955 RNP project 3 1 3 Computed Prediction Results You can select which results you want to be computed e Received power in dBm gt activated by default e Calibration output e Additional output in WinProp format e Propagation Paths gt not available in current version Received Power This option is switched on by default in order to compute the received power and to use this result for the further processing within Atoll 9955 RNP An additional offset in dB can be considered for the prediction results computed with the WinProp IRT modules Positive values of this offset increase the received power which corresponds to a decrease of the path loss Calibration Output This option can be switched on if measurement data is available for the transmitters included in the project for the purpose of calibration This feature allows to automatically calib
9. elements are determined This information is stored in the corresponding pre processing file in the shape of a tree structure Based on this approach a discretization of the ray search is 18 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description achieved In the prediction the individual paths are determined by searching in this tree structure This procedure makes the computation of the rays much faster Virtual Buildings Often it is desirable not to predict the whole rectangular area which is defined by the urban building data For example this is suggestive if large areas of water are within an urban database e g large rivers running through a town Also if parts of the database have not been mapped large open areas occur These areas lead to a longer pre processing time because visibility relations are computed for the open areas as well although they are of no interest Therefore virtual buildings can be entered before the pre processing of the database They are entered like normal buildings In the pre processing no visibility relations for the pixels inside the virtual buildings are computed and therefore no prediction is computed inside the virtual buildings Also no reflections diffractions and transmissions occur on these buildings This proceeding reduces the pre processing and prediction time as well as the size of the pre processed database The virtual buildings are displayed in WallMan using
10. is the Output page Figure 4 7 shows the Output dialog General Output Database Prediction Postprocessing Hybrid model Parameters Clutter Wersion number WinProp UDP Version 13 0 Service Pack 5 Dutput folder Path D WwinPropACity Computed prediction results Received power Offset Calibration output Additional output in WinProp format 9k 7 sprechen Obemehmen __Hite Fig 4 1 Output settings 4 1 1 Version number The first field gives information about the current version number of the WinProp UDP DLL and the corresponding service pack number These numbers allow the user to verify which version of WinProp UDP is included in his software package 27 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 4 1 2 Computed Prediction Results Received Power This option is switched on by default in order to compute the received power and to use this result for the further processing within Atoll 9955 RNP An additional offset in dB can be considered for the prediction results computed with the WinProp UDP module Positive values of this offset increase the received power which corresponds to a decrease of the path loss Other outputs are not possible with the WinProp UDP module Calibration Output This option can be switched on if measurement data is available for the transmitters included in the project for the purpose of cali
11. is well suited for transmitters located above the medium rooftop level while the accuracy for transmitters below the medium rooftop level is limited This model has been calibrated with extensive measurement campaigns within the framework of COST 231 therefore no settings have to be adapted for this model The second one is the knife edge diffraction model which computes the LOS if present or the diffracted ray over the vertical building profile by taking into account two empirical losses for the overall diffraction loss offset loss per diffraction and add loss depending on diffraction angle 3 2 10 Prediction area The prediction area for the COST model is defined in the usual way within Atoll 9955 RNP i e the computation zone focus zone and the calculation radius of each transmitter are evaluated which leads to the determination of the prediction area In the case when the required prediction area is larger than the extension of the urban building database which limits also the predictable COST area the macro cellular standard propagation model MACRO can be enabled together with the transition function in order to ensure the computation of the whole prediction area 3 2 11 Prediction height The height for the prediction receiver height is defined on the prediction property page under the Data tab of the Atoll 9955 RNP Explorer The user has to choose this value depending on the application mobile phones antennas on cars
12. model for the computation Please refer to the Atoll 9955 RNP manual for details You will find the WinProp IRT and the WinProp UDP property pages in the Modules tab under Propagation Models 1 5 Licensing of WinProp Plug In The WinProp UDP module is either protected by license file or by dongle same for the WinProp IRT module In the first case you have to run the program LicenseCustomer exe on your PC You will get this program either from the 9955 RNP support team if you are using 9955 RNP or from AWE Communications if you are using Atoll you get the program after you send an e mail to mail awe communications com After starting the executable the program generates a file License dat lt hostname gt which has to be delivered to the 9955 RNP Support if you are using 9955 RNP or AWE Customer Center if you are using Atoll This file will then be converted to another file License AWE lt hostname gt which has to be renamed to License AWE This license allows the operation of both the WinProp IRT and WinProp UDP module on the corresponding PC where the License dat lt hostname gt has been generated In order to activate this license file the user variable WINPROP LICENSE FILE in the system control gt system system properties environment has to be set to the directory where the file License AWE is located Some further hints and comments related to the license file and the definition of envir
13. nnn nnns 35 4 4 1 isse pete D EE 35 442 Fill6E cisco e puentes Hu NN 36 4 5 Hybrid Model Dialog a i cro dede paix A oct 37 4 5 1 Propagation model outside WinProp area ssssssssssssesseeeeeeeeee 38 4 5 2 Transition between WinProp results and results outside WinProp area 39 4 6 Calibration of the WinProp UDP Model eene 40 9 APDON 43 5 1 Installation of License Files uuruuuruunnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nenn nenn nnnnnnnn nennen nennen 43 Imprint amp Contact PAPA N enn 48 WinProp Plug In User Reference General 1 General 1 1 System requirements The WinProp plug in is integrated into Forsk s radio network planning tool Atoll as well as into Alcatel Lucent s radio network planning tool 9955 and runs on PCs under the Operating System family Microsoft Windows 1 1 1 Hardware Configuration For information about the min required hardware configuration please refer to the Atoll 9955 RNP engineering rules document 1 1 2 Operating System For supported operating systems please refer to the Atoll 9955 RNP engineering rules document 1 2 Modules The WinProp plug in for the radio network planning tool Atoll 9955 contains two modules given in different DLLs The WinProp UDP module including the urban dominant path UDP model and the WinProp IRT module including the ray optical IRT and the empirica
14. propagation model together with the transition function can be enabled on the Hybrid model dialog which ensures the computation of the whole prediction area If a Mapinfo database without pre processing is used the UDP model is applied in general for the whole defined prediction area However outside the area where building data is given only topographical data will be considered and no clutter information In this case it is recommended to define an additional MapInfo file with name City area located in the same folder as the MapInfo database which includes the borderline of the urban area such a Mapinfo file could be generated in WallMan or with another tool Based on the definition of the urban borderline in 37 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description such a separate MapInfo file the UDP model will be used only inside the urban area and for the area outside the standard propagation model together with the transition function could be activated on the Hybrid model dialog 2 WallMan C Daten WinProp A955MilanUDP pre C Daten WinProp A955 MilanUDP pret iol x i File Edit Objects Projection Display Images Preprocessing View Window 2 81 xl D c Ei e X Bm B E 4 5 T O JD 25 v7 C Bm E a Q R heu ana amp E E Re AREB DRO Gey za RZ E mA it 1 7t B al mz hall Ll r T E Ee sS 18 Fig 4 6 Urban bord
15. 8 aie E CT 15 3 2 9 Empirical vertical plane model ssssssssssssssseneeeeme eene nnne 15 3 2 10 Prediction Areas tert A eo in ote A ee ra LEER eua Ro ES 15 9 24 11 Prediction height intro 15 SA PME ST relier PIE 16 3 3 Database Dial0g nu 17 3 3 1 Database types rei ete det oed 17 3 3 2 Building database ie Ee ce uet iii 18 3 3 3 Material properties of buildings sssssssssssssseeeeeee eene 18 3 3 4 Particularities of the IRT model enne 18 3 4 Post processing Dialog rere eus Henna nn 2 aan no n Spa aE E REX RARI ara 20 3 4 1 Indoobas cs sant I LL Rien eund See n i bt icon 20 3 4 2 X Vertical plane prediction sssssssssssssssssseerenee nennen eene nennen nennen 21 34 35 MRIS C uio th iter e em iit 21 3 5 Hybrid Model Dialog etii ni 22 3 5 1 Propagation model outside WinProp area sssssssesssssseeeeeeem mee 22 3 5 2 Transition between WinProp results and results outside WinProp area 23 3 6 Parameters Dialog iii is ena iacu rcr as 24 3 7 GIRO Dlalag ii e eres ee cca 25 3 8 More InfOrmiallOn orien cintia costecrssesvsczeresseetetesseteecectscasssertestnsceetecreaess 26 4 Description of the WinProp UDP Parameters 27 4 1 Output Dialog of UDP Model eniin nn en 27 4 1 1 Version number coit tem ede aret dime p de
16. Internet Protocol TCP IP to detect whether or not your network media is in a link state A link state is defined as the physical media connecting or inserting itself on the network For example assuming a 10bt or 100bt physical media Ethernet network adapters and hubs typically have a link light to indicate the current connection status This is the same condition in which Windows can detect a link Whenever Windows detects a down state on the media it removes the bound protocols from that adapter until it is detected as up again There may be situations where you may not want your network adapter to detect this state and you can configure this by editing the registry NOTE 10b2 or coaxial RG 58 Ethernet cable is not a connection based media Because of this Windows does not attempt to detect a connect state if this type of cabling is used WARNING If you use Registry Editor incorrectly you may cause serious problems that may require you to reinstall your operating system AWE Communications cannot guarantee that you can solve problems that result from using Registry Editor incorrectly Use Registry Editor at your own risk To prevent your network adapter from detecting the link state NOTE NetBEUI and IPX do not recognize Media Sense 1 Use Registry Editor Regedt32 exe to view the following key in the registry HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE System CurrentControlSet Services Tcpip Parameters Add the following registry value Valu
17. Table of Contents EC ic na ab 4 1 1 System req ulrements 222 do 4 1 1 1 Hardwate Configuration cielos en een ade nennen 4 TEZ Operating SyStelmi i doe a oe ror eb dot aou net 4 1 2 Modules o 4 1 3 SE AAA A A A 4 1 4 SRUMMING the TOO ciao 5 1 5 Licensing of WinProp Plug In oononnnninnnnnnnnnnnnnnnncccccnncnnnnnnnnn nac ncnn cnn nnne nnn 5 PAE I S 0 AEA 6 2 1 Import of Urban Databases uuussnnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnn nun 6 2 2 Definition of WinProp ParameterS ccccccccccccccccccccccncccnccnnncnnnnnnnnnnnnnnononnnnnenonennnnnnnnnnns 7 3 Description of the WinProp IRT Parameters uuu 9 3 1 Oulput Dialogo ences ene A eee 9 3 1 1 Version NUMDE mE 9 3 1 2 Outp t folder 2 a da ee ee 10 3 1 3 Computed Prediction Results ooooonnninnnnnnnnnnnninnocononnconnnncnnnnnnonncnnnnnnnnnnn nn nn cn nn cian nn nnnnnnnnn 10 3 2 Prediction Dialog nen 11 3 2 1 Predictionimodeli xen n rette D RM DRM RH E UE 11 3 2 2 Intelligent Ray Tracing IRT eene emm mm nemen eren 12 3 2 3 Propagation Patlis 5 cine tet Det td te n on M Gd n RO e ET ete 13 3 24 Computation of the contribution of the rays ssssssssse eme eem 13 3 2 5 Pathiloss exponents 24 ttem IR EL e RI Ea ee 14 3 2 6 Prediction Areaan E 14 3 2 7 Prediction height ici lali Br ecu A a A 14 3 2
18. a e Ui Tastatur Telefon und Verwaltung Modemoptionen Kal zi Liefert Systeminformationen u Fig 5 3 System Control to set system parameters German version of Windows 2000 46 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 2 go to the page extended and open the environment variable dialogue Systemeigenschaften E 2x1 Allgemein Netzwerkidentifikation Hardware Benutzerprofile Erweitert m Systemleistung Die Systemleistungsoptionen steuern wie Anwendungen Arbeitsspeicher nutzen Dies hat Auswirkungen auf die Geschwindigkeit des Computers Systemleistungsoptionen r Umgebungsvariablen Uber die Umgebungsvariablen wird fe Informationen zu finden sind r Starten und Wiederherstellen E Diese Optionen legen fest was D en des Coss passiert und wie vorzugehen ist wenn der Computer aufgrund eines Fehlers anhalt Starten und Wiederherstellen DK Abbrechen Fig 5 4 System Control properties dialog German version of Windows 2000 U bem ehmen 3 Select the New button to add the WINPROP LICENSE FILE variable with the directory of your license file here D programs winprop license Umgebungsvariablen genutzervariablen f r Buddendick Wert C Dokumente und Einstellungen Budde C Dokumente und Einstellungen Budde D programs winpropilicense WINPR P LICE L schen
19. actions gt Level 2 medium Level 3 large After breakpoint 3 80 4 00 0 00 Offset in m F OK Abbrechen Ubemehmen Hie Fig 4 3 Prediction settings 4 3 1 Dominant path prediction model The WinProp UDP module includes the dominant path prediction model The UDP model determines the dominant path between the transmitter and each receiver pixel For the computation of the field strength or power path loss all relevant propagation effects are considered e the distance dependency with propagation exponents and breakpoint as well as the interaction shadowing reflection diffraction penetration at buildings or terrain The main characteristics of this model are given in the following Short computation times 00000 32 Accuracy reaches or exceeds the accuracy of ray optical models Dependency on the accuracy of the vector data is reduced compared to ray tracing Only the dominant propagation path is considered No time consuming preprocessing is required in contrast to IRT WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 4 3 2 Adaptive resolution management For acceleration purposes UDP offers an adaptive resolution management In close streets a fine resolution is used for the prediction and on large places or rural areas UDP switches automatically to a coarse grid The acceleration caused by this method is very high depending on the level however the accuracy of
20. agation path causes an additional attenuation The strength of these attenuations can be defined in the database dialog For interactions caused by topography hills mountains separate interaction losses can be defined Because a diffraction caused by topography is different than an interaction caused by buildings For the consideration of vegetation like forests and parks additionally vegetation blocks can be taken into account These vegetation blocks are characterized by two properties o The additional loss of pixels in vegetation blocks specifies an offset to the path loss predicted inside vegetation blocks o The additional attenuation of rays in the vegetation describes the leakage of ray power due to scattering effects while passing through vegetation blocks 31 WinProp Plug In User Reference 4 3 Prediction Dialog of UDP Model Figure 4 3 shows the Prediction dialog Parameter Description General Output Database Prediction Postprocessing Hybrid model Parameters Clutter Dominant path prediction model Determination of propagation paths Adaptive resolution management Disabled gt Level 1 small Path loss exponents Before breakpoint LOS exponent 2 0 4 5 2 40 NLOS exponent 2 0 4 5 2 60 6 28 Factor Range 4 0 15 0 Breakpoint distance Antenna pattern 4 Limit dynamic in pattern Max dynamic 3D Path Searching horizontal and vertical inter
21. alibration of the UDP model parameters available Please start the ProMan Calibration tool and add the calibration files see chapter 4 1 2 to the list The following figure shows the main dialog after starting the tool E Calibration x r Calibration files used for model tuning Selected model scenario for calibration Dominant Path Urban Model Scenario Points Dominant Path Urban 7911 Filename C Daten WinProp 4955 Add files Remove file r Configuration of calibration General settings Model settings Calibrate materials clutter additionally TE Fig 4 8 Main Dialog of the ProMan Calibration tool The large table shows all Calibration Files currently selected Further files can be added by clicking on Add files They can be deleted by clicking on Remove file The settings can be adapted to the users needs by selecting General Settings This allows the user to influence the selection of the measurement points i e only points in a given power dBm or path loss dB or distance range will be considered for the optimization Additionally the optimization method can be selected see the following figure e Minimum mean error The goal of the optimization is to achieve a minimum mean error nearest to zero The standard deviation is not considered and thus might be larger e Minimum mean squared error The goal of the optimization is to achieve a minimum mean squared error Th
22. allows the prediction display of only indoor pixels with the selected indoor penetration model 4 4 2 Filter The Filter option is used to equalize large differences between neighbouring pixels This reduces the over all prediction error It is a good supplement to the different transition functions The filter order can be defined by the user A higher filter order leads to more intensive filtering Appropriate values are 3 5 or 7 36 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 4 5 Hybrid Model Dialog In order to provide coverage predictions beyond the area where building data is given WinProp UDP has integrated an instance of the standard propagation model The combination of the urban UDP model with the standard propagation model leads to the so called hybrid model Figure 4 5 shows the menu of the corresponding Hybrid Model dialog WinProp UDP Pro General Output Database Prediction Postprocessing Hybrid model Parameters Clutter Propagation model outside ProM an area 4 Standard propagation model Transition between ProMan results and results outside ProMan area V Linear transition Maximum distance 1000 0 m TER Abbrechen Ubemehmen Hie Fig 4 5 Hybrid model settings If a pre processed building database is used the predictable UDP area is limited to the polygon defined at the pre processing in WallMan see Figure 4 6 In this case the standard
23. amsint DE H A E Arbeitsplatz HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SYSTEM CurrentControlset Services Tcpip Parameters Fig 5 1 Registry Editor this is a screenshot based on the German Windows 2000 version Your version might be slightly different but the general principle should be the same Registrierungs Editor Registrierung Bearbeiten Ansicht Favoriten 23 SysmonLog Typ Wert ee Tapisry ab Standard REG_SZ Wert nicht gesetzt Tepip 3 AllowUnqualifiedQuery REG_DWORD 0x00000000 0 9 Enum ab DataBasePath REG EXPAND SZ SystemRoot 1Sy 3 Linkage Ra DeadGwWDetectDefault REG_DWORD 0x00000001 1 A a E ab DhcpNameServer REG SZ 192 168 69 254 3 DNSRegisteredAc DisableDHCPMediaSense REG DWORD 0x00000001 1 H Interfaces ab Domain REG SZ PersistentRoutes Rg DontaddDefaultGatewayDefault REG_DWORD 0x00000000 0 Y Winsock Pr Rg EnableICMPRedirect REG_DWORD 0x00000001 1 3 Performance Rg EnableSecurityFilters REG_DWORD 0x00000000 0 239 Security 22 ForwardBroadcasts REG_DWORD mn 0x00000000 0 uS Arbeitsplate HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SYSTEM CurrentControlSet Services Tcpip Parameters A Fig 5 2 Registry Editor this is a screenshot based on the Ger
24. as to choose this value depending on 33 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description the application mobile phones antennas on cars Arbitrary receiver heights are possible for the prediction with the UDP model 4 3 6 Prediction resolution The resolution for the prediction is defined on the prediction property page under the Data tab of the Atoll 9955 RNP Explorer Appropriate values for the pixel resolution are from 5 20 meters Smaller resolutions lead to a higher computation time A prediction pixel resolution of less than 5 meters is not recommended as there is no improvement of the prediction accuracy Notice that the resolution is only related to the prediction pixel size The determination of the dominant path and the required parameters are always computed at full accuracy of the vector database 4 3 7 Limit dynamic in antenna pattern The parameter Limit dynamic range in antenna pattern reduces the dynamic of the antenna pattern i e keeping the antenna gains defined for the main beam but increasing the antenna gain out of the main beam for gains below the max antenna gain minus the defined dynamic range especially for the nulls between the main lobe and the side lobes but also in backward direction of a sector antenna The antenna patterns are provided from the manufacturers based on measurements in an anechoic chamber However due to the mounting and the local environment as e g mast not considered in
25. ation Model included into WinProp IRT This means modifications to one of these parameter sets have no influence on the other parameter set Note The clutter settings of the Standard Propagation Model included as hybrid model into WinProp IRT are not related to the settings of the default Standard Propagation Model There are two different parameter sets 25 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 3 8 More Information More information on the prediction models can be found on our web site http www awe communications com More information related directly to the DLLs for Atoll 9955 RNP is given on the web sites http www awe communications com Propagation Urban DLL dll alcatel htm http www awe communications com Propagation Urban DLL dll_forsk htm Further information with respect to the wave propagation models and their different parameters is given in the WinProp documentation which is available separately Information about the scientific background is also given in different publications The papers are available for download in the public relations section of our web site http www awe communications com Publications 26 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 4 Description of the WinProp UDP Parameters 4 1 Output Dialog of UDP Model The first property page after the General page see figure 2 2 which provides information about the name and the signature of the propagation model
26. bration This feature allows to automatically calibrate the WinProp UDP model based on imported measurement data If the corresponding check box in the GUI is activated the available measurement data will be taken into account and additional output files will be generated one file per transmitter sector for which measurement data is available The files are generated during the normal run of coverage predictions ALSO when using the option Calculate signal levels in measurement mode These files can then be processed with a separate stand alone tool in order to derive the calibrated settings for the propagation exponents before after BP for LOS NLOS conditions and the material properties interaction loss Additional Output in WinProp Format This option allows to save the results additionally in the WinProp format in order to visualize them in the ProMan stand alone tool 28 WinProp Plug In User Reference 4 2 Database Dialog of UDP Model Figure 4 2 shows the Database dialog 4 2 1 Parameter Description n WinProp UDP P Preprocessed Building Database Filename D WinProp BuildingD ata City Change MapInfo Building Database ASCII or Binary V Filename _D WinProp BuildingD ata City Height Attribute Height Wegetation Database Pixel data D Change F Consideration of vegetation objects vector data as preprocessed or pixel data Interaction Losses URBAN BUILDINGS Inte
27. corresponding Hybrid Model dialog n WinProp ProMan P General Output Prediction Database Postprocessing Hybrid model Parameters Clutter Propagation model outside ProMan area 4 Standard propagation model Transition between ProMan results and results outside ProMan area v Linear transition Maximum distance 1000 0 m EEK Abbrechen Ubemehmen Hie Fig 3 10 Hybrid model settings 3 5 4 Propagation model outside WinProp area By default the standard propagation model is enabled as propagation model outside the IRT COST area However only in the case when the required prediction area is larger than the extension of the urban building database which corresponds to the area predictable by the IRT and or the COST model the standard propagation model MACRO is applied together with the transition function as described in the following 22 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description The settings of the standard propagation model can be controlled via the two property pages Parameters and Clutter which are presented in chapters 3 6 and 3 7 An additional offset in dB can be considered for the prediction results computed with the standard propagation model outside the WinProp area Positive values of this offset increase the received power which corresponds to a decrease of the path loss In order to ensure that all pixels inside the defined prediction area are computed
28. count by the wave propagation models when the prediction is computed see section 3 2 2 and 3 2 9 Either individual properties of the buildings can be selected as defined in WallMan please refer to the WallMan manual for details or if the user does not want to distinguish between different buildings default values can be utilized In the latter case different properties are not taken into account i e for all buildings the same material properties are used If default values are utilized if the material properties of the buildings can be defined in the corresponding sections These material properties are then considered for all buildings of the urban database There are two different sections for the material properties Depending on the fact which model is selected Fresnel equations and GTD UTD or empirical interaction model for the computation of the diffraction and reflection losses either the first or the second set of material properties is taken into account at the prediction In the last section of the database dialog the default properties for the vegetation objects can be defined 3 3 4 Particularities of the IRT model Basics The IRT model requires a detailed pre processing of the building database before the prediction is computed In this pre processing all walls are divided into tiles and all edges are divided into segments Based on this discretization of the building database all visibility relations between these
29. ction dialog General Output Prediction Database Postprocessing Hybrid model Parameters Clutter Prediction model IRT Intelligent Ray Tracing Propagation paths Max number Reflections Diffractions Scattering Total 2 1 0 3 Max 3 Max 2 Max 1 Max 3 Computation of the contribution of the rays Fresnel equations Reflection Transmission and GTD UTD Diffraction Empirical Model Path loss exponents Before breakpoint After breakpoint LOS exponent 2 0 4 5 2 40 3 80 NLOS exponent 2 0 4 5 2 50 4 00 Breakpoint distance 12 57 Factor 0 00 Offset in m Range 4 0 15 0 Empirical Vertical Plane Model COST 231 Extended Walfisch Ikegami Model Knife Edge Diffraction Model Settings Fig 3 2 Prediction settings 3 2 1 Prediction model Basically there are two different wave propagation approaches available in the WinProp IRT module the deterministic Intelligent Ray Tracing IRT model and the empirical vertical plane models COST 231 Walfisch Ikegami or the knife edge diffraction KE model Only the model which was selected at the pre processing i e the corresponding pre processed database has to be specified in the Database dialog can be chosen for the prediction Otherwise an error message will occur indicating that prediction model and pre processed database doesn t correspond While the COST KE models are known from literature the IRT Intelligent Ray Trac
30. d the corresponding parameters are always computed at the full accuracy of the vector database 16 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 3 3 Database Dialog Figure 3 6 shows the Database dialog r WinProp ProMan Properti ee General Output Prediction Database Postprocessing Hybrid model Parameters Clutter Building database Pah D WinProp BuildingData F Consideration of vegetation objects as included in building vector database Default or individual material properties 9 Use default material properties Use individual material properties as defined in WallMan Default material properties of buildings Fresnel Equations and GTD UTD Model Dielectricity Permeability Conductivity 0 000 S m Empirical Reflection and Diffraction Model Diffraction parameter of the incident ray min Diffraction parameter of the incident ray max Diffraction parameter of the diffracted ray Reflection loss Scattering loss Transmission loss Vegetation properties Vegetation loss pixel inside vegetation Vegetation loss ray penetrating vegetation Fig 3 6 Database settings 3 3 1 Database types The raw format of the urban databases is the odb format These files can be created with WallMan further information is given in a separate manual for WallMan Within Atoll 9955 RNP only the corresponding Maplinfo file can be displayed which can
31. defined in the usual way within Atoll 9955 RNP i e the computation zone focus zone and the calculation radius of each transmitter are evaluated which leads to the determination of the prediction area If a pre processed building database is used the predictable UDP area is limited to the polygon defined at the pre processing in WallMan In this case the standard propagation model together with the transition function can be enabled on the Hybrid model dialog which ensures the computation of the whole prediction area If a MapInfo database without pre processing is used the UDP model is applied in general for the whole defined prediction area However outside the area where building data is given only topographical data will be considered and no clutter information In this case it is recommended to define an additional MapInfo file with name City area located in the same folder as the MapInfo database which includes the borderline of the urban area such a MapInfo file could be generated in WallMan or with another tool Based on the definition of the urban borderline in such a separate MapInfo file the UDP model will be used only inside the urban area and for the area outside the standard propagation model together with the transition function could be activated 4 3 5 Prediction height The height for the prediction receiver height is defined on the prediction property page under the Data tab of the Atoll 9955 RNP Explorer The user h
32. e taking into account the structure of the urban building database concerning the definition of the computation zone and or focus zone please refer to the Atoll 9955 RNP manual for details WinProp Plug In User Reference Basics 2 2 Definition of WinProp Parameters Before selecting WinProp IRT or WinProp UDP as propagation model for one or several transmitters all the prediction parameters like output database propagation model settings hybrid model settings have to be defined You will find the property pages of WinProp IRT or WinProp UDP like any other propagation model under the Modules tab Propagation models of the Atoll 9955 RNP Explorer n WinProp ProMan Pro 9 mS General Output Prediction Database Postprocessing Hybrid model Parameters Clutter Name WinProp ProMan Signature 02C736AB 911B 4B54 ADE8 938B14D5D742 Description Fig 2 2 General page of the WinProp property pages In order to allow the convenient parameter definition all the available parameters are arranged in different property pages as indicated in the figure above General Output Prediction Database Post processing Hybrid model Parameters for standard propagation model Clutter for standard propagation model WinProp Plug In User Reference Basics All settings are already set to suggestive values by default A detailed description of each property page will be presented in the fo
33. e Name DisableDHCPMediaSense Data Type REG_DWORD Boolean Value Data Range 0 1 False True Default 0 False 43 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description Registrierungs Editor Registrierung Bearbeiten Ansicht Favoriten 2 Arbeitsplatz Typ Wert m HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT REG_SZ Wert nicht gesetzt Y HKEY CURRENT USER RE AllowUnqualifiedQuery REG DWORD 0x 00000000 0 HKEY LOCAL MACHINE ab DataBasePath REG_EXPAND_SZ e SystemRoot System32 drivers etc is EN Re DeadGwDetectDefault REG_DWORD 0x00000001 1 ab DhcpNameServer REG SZ 192 168 69 254 SECURITY m Y SOFTWARE tity DisableDHCPMediaSense REG_DWORD 0x00000001 1 EU SYSTEM i REG SZ H E ControlSet001 E DontAddDefaultGatewayDefault REG_DWORD 0x00000000 0 Controlset002 Re EnablelCMPRedirect REG_DWORD 0x00000001 1 CurrentControlset RE EnableSecurityFilters REG_DWORD 0x00000000 0 Control RE ForwardBroadcasts REG DWORD 0x00000000 0 Enum ab Hostname REG SZ AWE GW NB Hardware Profiles RE IPEnableRouter REG_DWORD 0x00000000 0 Services ab NameServer REG SZ O 4B6C17467 B989 449D 8A8C lab Hostname REG SZ AWE GW NB O iFecbDsiF A667 4CFO SC1t RE PrioritizeRecordData REG_DWORD 0x00000001 1 Abiosdsk ab searchList REG Sz C abp4sons amp S UseDomainNameDevolution REG DWORD 0x00000001 1 E acer AcPIEC A adpui6 m A ar Aha154x A aict16x A aic78u2 a aic78xx Y Alerter 3 amiont A
34. e standard deviation is not considered and thus might be larger e Minimum standard deviation The goal of the optimization is to achieve a minimum standard deviation The mean error is not considered and thus might be larger e Minimum weightend error The goal of the optimization is to find the best combination of minimum mean error and minimum standard deviation The weighting between mean error and standard deviation can be adapted by the user 40 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description Settings al r Path loss range r Optimization method Mini th loss dB 200 The selection of the method influences the de aca a mean value and the standard deviation of the f result Maximum path loss dB 40 Expected path loss values are negative Minimum weightend error z e g 200 dB to 40 dB Consideration of mean value in 7 50 Consideration of std dev in 2 50 Minimum power dBm 150 Power range Maximum power dBm r Distance range 30 Minimum distance m 100 Maximum distance m 5000 E Cancel Fig 4 9 General Settings Dialog of the ProMan Calibration tool The range of the model parameters can be defined in the Model Settings dialog As larger the range is as longer the calibration will take The following figure shows the model parameters for the Urban Dominant Path Model The model parameters can be modified in the dialog bo
35. erline as defined in WallMan 4 5 1 Propagation model outside WinProp area By default the standard propagation model is enabled as propagation model outside the urban area However only in the case when the required prediction area is larger than the defined urban borderline which corresponds to the area predictable by the UDP model the standard propagation model is applied together with the transition function as described in the following The settings of the standard propagation model can be controlled via the two property pages Parameters and Clutter which are presented in chapters 3 6 and 3 7 An additional offset in dB can be considered for the prediction results computed with the standard propagation model outside the WinProp area Positive values of this offset increase the received power which corresponds to a decrease of the path loss gt Note If the prediction area is completely inside the urban database the settings of the hybrid model have no influence on the results 38 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 4 5 2 Transition between WinProp results and results outside WinProp area In order to provide a smooth transition between the UDP area and the surrounding area which is predicted by the standard propagation model a linear transition function is implemented This linear transition function is controlled by one parameter called maximum distance in meter The principle of this linear transition func
36. g the defined transmission loss from the average signal level at the outer walls e Model 2 considers additionally an exponential decrease towards the interior with an attenuation rate depending on the building depth 20 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description e Model 3 allows to consider a definable attenuation rate default value 0 6dB m in addition to the transmission loss for the outer walls In this model the user can modify the exponential decrease of the signal level inside the buildings All indoor estimation models use an algorithm that is based on the predicted values at the pixels around the building and consider the penetration transmission loss of the building walls see section 3 3 While Indoor model 1 predicts a constant level inside each building Indoor model 2 and Indoor model 3 assume an exponential decrease with increasing distance from the outer walls of the considered building 3 4 2 Vertical plane prediction If individual pixels are not predicted this can only happen when using the IRT model and no rays to this receiver location are found they can be computed with this option using the knife edge diffraction model KE which evaluates the vertical plane The KE model provides a contribution for each pixel in NLOS area and includes therefore a smooth transition with the given IRT prediction The knife edge diffraction model can be configured with two parameters e Fix diffraction loss offse
37. ic prediction model in areas of higher interest i e in the vicinity of the transmitter and to use a faster empirical prediction model in the remaining area 3 2 7 Prediction height The height for the prediction receiver height is defined on the prediction property page under the Data tab of the Atoll 9955 RNP Explorer The user has to choose this value depending on the application mobile phones antennas on cars Due to the approach of the IRT model the prediction height has to be specified already at the pre processing i e the prediction height is fixed after the pre processing If the specified prediction height doesn t correspond to the pre processing height an error message will occur after starting the calculation process 14 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 3 28 Resolution The resolution for the prediction is defined on the prediction property page under the Data tab of the Atoll 9955 RNP Explorer Due to the approach of the IRT model the resolution has to be specified already at the pre processing i e the resolution for the prediction is fixed after the pre processing However if the specified resolution for the prediction doesn t correspond to the resolution of the pre processing there will be an automatic transfer i e the computation is done in the pre processing resolution and the results are transferred to the specified resolution for the prediction Appropriate values for the pixel reso
38. ifferent models available for the computation of the indoor coverage e Model 1 predicts a homogeneous indoor level by subtracting the defined transmission loss from the average signal level at the outer walls e Model 2 considers additionally an exponential decrease towards the interior with an attenuation rate depending on the building depth 35 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description e Model 3 allows to consider a definable attenuation rate default value 0 6dB m in addition to the transmission loss for the outer walls In this model the user can modify the exponential decrease of the signal level inside the buildings e Model 4 allow predictions on building rooftops i e the outdoor prediction is done on the defined outdoor height above ground and the indoor predictions are performed above the building rooftops The indoor penetration models 1 3 use an algorithm that is based on the predicted values at the pixels around the building and consider the penetration transmission loss of the building walls see section 4 2 While Indoor model 1 predicts a constant level inside each building Indoor model 2 and Indoor model 3 assume an exponential decrease with increasing distance from the outer walls of the considered building Model 4 predicts the signal levels above the buildings rooftops instead of the indoor coverage The option Only indoor prediction no outdoor on the upper right of the Post processing dialog
39. ing model allows fast 3D Ray Tracing predictions The settings of the IRT model can be changed by different parameters which will be presented in the following 11 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 3 2 2 Intelligent Ray Tracing IRT The Intelligent Ray Tracing technique allows it to combine the accuracy of ray optical models with the speed of empirical models To achieve this the database undergoes a single sophisticated pre processing In a first step the walls respectively edges of the buildings are divided into tiles respectively segments Horizontal and vertical edge segments are distinguished For every determined tile and segment all visible elements prediction pixels tiles and segments are computed and stored in file For the determination of the visibility relations the corresponding elements are represented by their centres For each visibility between two elements the occurring distance as well as the incident angles are determined and stored Figure 3 3 shows the division of a building wall into tiles and segments and figure 3 4 shows an example of a ray path between a transmitter and a receiver with a single reflection The tiles and segments are also visible tile vertical segment horizontal segment centre Fig 3 3 Tiles and segments Fig 3 4 Visibility relations Due to this pre processing the computational demand for a prediction is reduced to the search in a tree st
40. l vertical plane models COST 231 Walfisch Ikegami model and the knife edge diffraction KE model 1 3 Installation There is no special installation required as the corresponding DLLs are integrated in the Atoll 9955 RNP software package however the modules have to registered It is recommended to create a WinProp subdirectory together with the version e g WinPropV12 06 in the Atoll 9955 RNP folder and extract the DLLs from the archive into this subfolder For the WinProp UDP module UDP model the registration of the WinpropUrban DLL must be performed This should be done by using the system command regsvr32 in the following way gt regsvr32 C Program Files Atoll WinpropUrban dll The same command should be used in order to do the uninstall gt regsvr32 u C Program Files Atoll WinpropUrban dll For the WinProp IRT module IRT and COST KE models the registration of the WinpropUrbanIRT DLL must be performed This should be done by using the system command regsvr32 in the following way gt regsvr32 C Program Files Atoll WinpropUrbanIRT dll The same command should be used in order to do the uninstall gt regsvr32 u C Program Files Atoll WinpropUrbanIRT dll WinProp Plug In User Reference General 1 4 Running the Tool WinProp IRT and or WinProp UDP is then automatically included in your installation of Atoll 9955 RNP and you can select the WinProp IRT or the WinProp UDP propagation model like any other propagation
41. llowing chapter While most of the parameters for the propagation calculation utilizing WinProp IRT or WinProp UDP have to defined on the above mentioned property pages the grid resolution as well as the receiver height are defined on the prediction property page under the Data tab of the Atoll 9955 RNP Explorer These two parameters and the extension of the prediction area are then considered during the computation with WinProp IRT or WinProp UDP A progress bar shows how far the prediction is advanced The computation can be cancelled at any time by clicking the Cancel button WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 3 Description of the WinProp IRT Parameters 3 1 Output Dialog The first property page after the General page see figure 2 2 which provides information about the name and the signature of the propagation model is the Output page Figure 3 1 shows the Output dialog General Output Prediction Database Postprocessing Hybrid model Parameters Clutter Version number WinProp IRT Version 13 0 Service Pack 5 Output folder Path D WinProp City Computed prediction results Received power Offset Calibration output Additional output in WinProp format Propagation paths Fig 3 1 Output settings 3 1 1 Version number The first field gives information about the current version number of the WinProp IRT DLL and the
42. lution within urban areas are from 5 20 meters Smaller resolutions lead to a higher computation time and to a larger size of the pre processed Intelligent Ray Tracing IRT database due to the increasing number of visibility relations that have to be considered A prediction pixel resolution of less than 5 meters is not recommended for the IRT model There is nearly no improvement of prediction accuracy Notice that the resolution is only related to the prediction pixel size The determination of the rays for all models is always computed at the full accuracy of the vector database 3 2 9 Empirical vertical plane model There are two empirical models available which analyse only the vertical plane including transmitter and receiver COST 231 Walfisch Ikegami model and knife edge diffraction model The first one is an empirical model as described in COST 231 Extended Walfisch Ikegami Model which takes into account several parameters out of the vertical building profile Therefore this model features a very short computation time The accuracy is tolerable but it does not reach the one of deterministic ray optical models The empirical COST 231 model does not consider wave guiding effects which occur e g in street canyons However if the dominant propagation mechanism is the over rooftop propagation the results are far accurate as the empirical formulas approximate the multiple diffractions over the rooftops of the buildings Therefore this model
43. ly terrain correction 0 No Limitation to free space loss 1 Yes Profiles 0 Radial Grid calculation 0 Centred EI brechen Opemehmen __Hite Fig 3 12 Parameter settings for the standard propagation model The layout of this property page corresponds exactly to the Parameters property page of the normal Standard Propagation Model SPM which is available under the Modules tab gt Propagation models However the user should pay attention to the fact that there are two different parameter sets one for the normal standard propagation model and one for the Standard Propagation Model included into WinProp IRT This means changes to one of these parameter sets have no influence on the other parameter set Note The parameter settings of the Standard Propagation Model included as hybrid model into WinProp IRT are not related to the settings of the default Standard Propagation Model There are two different parameter sets 24 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 3 7 Clutter Dialog Besides the Parameters dialog the Standard Propagation Model which is taken into account for predictions outside urban areas in combination with the IRT and or COST model is controlled also via the property page Clutter in order to consider different correction factors for the various morphological structures Figure 3 13 shows the menu of the Clutter dialog n WinProp ProMan P General
44. man Windows 2000 version Your version might be slightly different but the general principle should be the same Description This parameter controls DHCP Media Sense behavior If you set this value data to 1 DHCP and even non DHCP clients ignore Media Sense events from the interface By default Media Sense events trigger the DHCP client to take an action such as attempting to obtain a lease when a connect event occurs or invalidating the interface and routes when a disconnect event occurs 2 Restart your computer 44 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description NOTE There are some side effects of disabling the Media Sensing feature For example if you have a machine with two network adapters and you have the Media Sensing feature enabled if one network adapter does not work it is unbound and associated routes are removed so that all traffic goes through the other network adapter assuming a default gateway is there Also if you are a roaming portable user the Media Sensing feature is what provides the ability to connect to any network and have everything work without restarting release and renewing and so on After disabling Media Sense and restarting Windows still shows the Network Disconnected icon on the TaskBar and the ipconfig command still shows a Media State Cable Disconnected message when the cable is disconnected However the Network Interface is bound to TCP IP and you can
45. nversion and pre processing in WallMan the check box for MapInfo building data must be activated and the corresponding MapInfo file has to be selected alternative to using pre processed data It has to be ensured that the buildings are defined with relative and NOT with absolute heights Furthermore the height attribute defined in the Maplnfo file has to be specified In this case the topographical data is automatically read from Atoll based on the terrain data which is imported in the normal way In this case the user can import and visualise the same Maplnfo file in the Atoll project which is also used for the coverage prediction with the UDP model 4 2 4 Vegetation data If using a pre processed database the vegetation data as vector objects can be already superposed in WallMan and therefore be included in the pre processed file If using a Maplnfo file the vegetation file in pixel format shall be defined here The option consideration of vegetation objects should be activated if the vegetation data should be considered for the prediction 30 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 4 2 5 Interaction losses for buildings and topography The defined interaction losses of the buildings and the topography are taken into account by the dominant path model when the prediction is computed Each change in the direction of propagation due to an interaction reflection diffraction transmission penetration along a prop
46. o format i e either binary tab file or ASCII mif file second check box When selecting the pre processed or Mapinfo database in the Database dialog you should consider the following database types as shown in the table extension Pre processed file for prediction with urban dominant path UDP model Building data in WinProp format as converted in WallMan Topographical data in WinProp format as converted in WallMan Vegetation data in WinProp format as converted in WallMan Building data in binary MapInfo format Building data in ASCII MapInfo format Table 4 1 Database types 4 2 2 Pre processed database For using pre processed data the first check box must be activated and the pre processed database file has to be selected opb file Depending on the selected pre processed area the hybrid model with transition to the standard propagation model can be activated i e the UDP model is computed within the pre processing area and the standard propagation model is computed outside the pre processing area within the defined simulation area The database display is in this case independent of the pre processed database as the visualized database depends on which Maplnfo file has been imported The user has to ensure that the imported Mapinfo file and the selected pre processed database represent the same scenario 4 2 3 Maplnfo building database In order to directly process the building vector data without co
47. ods e 2x2D 2D H IRT Knife edge diffraction This model treats the propagation in the horizontal plane in exactly the same way as the previously described model i e by using ray optical methods for the wave guiding including the vertical wedges The over rooftop propagation vertical plane is considered by using a knife edge diffraction model The pre processing is not included in the WinProp IRT module integrated in Atoll 9955 RNP and has to be done with the pre processor included in WallMan 3 2 3 Propagation Paths Here it can be defined how many interactions should be considered for the determination of rays between transmitter and receiver There are different values for the max number of reflections diffractions and scattering as well as the max number of total interactions Table 3 2 shows the max feasible numbers for the different interaction types Max Number Interaction Type Reflections Diffractions Scattering 3 Total incl Refl Diff and Scattering Table 3 2 Path classes 3 2 4 Computation of the contribution of the rays There are two choices either the more physical approach to compute the reflection loss according to the Fresnel equations and the diffraction loss according to GTD UTD or to use a more empirical model which can be calibrated with measurements The standard choice is the Empirical Model which leads to very good results as it is already calibrated with a lot of measuremen
48. onmental variables can be found in chapter 5 1 of this document The alternative is to use a dongle hardlock key This dongle has to be installed to the parallel port or USB port of your PC depending on the dongle type Additionally you have to install the corresponding dongle drivers see separate online manual WinProp Plug In User Reference Basics 2 Basics 2 1 Import of Urban Databases Before computing predictions at first the urban database representing the area of interest has to be imported into Atoll 9955 RNP This can be achieved by the File gt Import menu where the corresponding Maplnfo file has to be selected please refer to the Atoll 9955 RNP manual for details concerning the import functionality While the MIF file represents the polygons of the buildings the MID file stores the individual building heights MapInfo ASCII format Both files can be generated within WallMan by saving the loaded database in the MapInfo format File Edit View Document Tools Window Help BaHCG amp E amp R BER ERS ER of 4 Dense Urban 3 sectors aqo ix qa Pa ae Cua SL 3000 3 900 a PE gt 2pm es FCR E Ka IN I 3 3 000 AAA 000 3 500 4000 4500 Fig 2 1 Visualization of urban building data After this the urban database is visualized if the check box belonging to this database is switched on This allows the convenient definition of the computation zone and or focus zon
49. raction diffraction Range 5 20 dB Transmission penetration Range 0 30 dB TOPOGRAPHY Interaction diffraction Range 5 20 dB VEGETATION Loss of pixels in vegetation Range 0 20 dB 10 0 dB Loss for rays in vegetation Range 0 1 dB m 0 05 dB m General Output Database Prediction Postprocessing Hybrid model Parameters Clutter _ Fig 4 2 Database settings Database types The raw format of the urban building data is the odb format while the raw format of the topographical data is the tdb format These files can be generated with the converters included in WallMan further information is given in the separate WallMan user manual To display the building data within Atoll 9955 RNP the corresponding Maplinfo file can be loaded If not available the Maplnfo file can be generated by the Export function of WallMan after the odb database is loaded WallMan can read import and write export MapInfo data files In order to compute a prediction two options are available 29 Provision of building database pre processed for the urban dominant path model first check box In the pre processing the building data possibly including vegetation objects and the topographical data are superposed The pre processing can be done in WallMan In contrary to the IRT model this pre processing is very fast WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description e Provision of building database in MapInf
50. rate the WinProp IRT model based on imported measurement data If the corresponding check box in the GUI is activated the available measurement data will be taken into account and additional output files will be generated one file per transmitter sector for which measurement data is available The files are generated during the normal run of coverage predictions ALSO when using the option Calculate signal levels in measurement mode These files can then be processed with a separate stand alone tool in order to derive the calibrated settings for the propagation exponents before after BP for LOS NLOS conditions and the material properties Additional Output in WinProp Format This option allows to save the results additionally in the WinProp format in order to visualize them in the ProMan stand alone tool Propagation Paths The computation of the propagation path is not available in the current version and therefore greyed out You would have to check this box to save the ray paths from the transmitter to each prediction point The additional output propagation paths would be stored in a separate file with the following extension see Table 3 1 STR Ray path file Stores the propagation paths as well as the impulse response for each point within the prediction area Table 3 1 Extension for the ray path file 10 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 3 2 Prediction Dialog Figure 3 2 shows the Predi
51. rt ege dept redu de 27 4 1 2 Computed Prediction Results 22444444400H0Rnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnennnnnnnnnnennnnnn 28 4 2 Database Dialog of UDP Model uurressnsnnnannnnnnnnunnnnnnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 29 4 2 1 Database types iri irradia drid 29 4 2 2 Pre processed database ccccccccccccccccceceeeeeeeeeeaececeeeeeeseeecaaeeeeeeeeesaeenanaeeeeeeesaesenaneeeeeeees 30 4 2 3 MapInfo building database innoirea iiaei arai aenda ianari nennen enne nens 30 424 Vegetation data eter ee de We e eee pe vea ere ahead 30 4 2 5 Interaction losses for buildings and topography sssssssssee nenn 31 4 3 Prediction Dialog of UDP Model eere 32 4 3 1 Dominant path prediction model sss eene nennen 32 4 3 2 Adaptive resolution management ssssssessseeeenemeeen enne enne enne nnns 33 4 3 3 Propagation exponents and breakpoint ssssssssssssseeeeenemme 33 4 3 4 Predictlon area s ste teeth ce bett uai tei Meier oc te Lies 33 4 3 5 Prediction heights oii dr E ei IR MERE ERR shed e PARE Rn DERE 33 4 3 6 Prediction fesolutlon 5 2 Ere cde ee Rn pid e A RP Mir ER ETE 34 4 3 7 Limit dynamic in antenna pattern sssssssssseeeeeenm emere nennen 34 4 4 Post processing Dialog eeeeeeueeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenen nennen nannten
52. ructure Figure 3 5 shows an example of a tree consisting out of visibility relations H tile segment receiver point d Q transmitter Direct ray 66 1 interaction fa fa 6 6 2 interaction n Bh fife E v 3 interaction M Mi dada a ads n d n C66 66 TO Fig 3 5 Pre processing tree structure Only for the base station with an arbitrary position not fixed at the pre processing the visible elements including the incident angles have to be determined at the prediction Then starting from the transmitter point all visible tiles and segments are tracked in the created tree structure considering the angular conditions This tracking is done until a prediction point is reached or a maximum number of interactions reflections and or diffractions is exceeded Additionally to the rigorous 3D ray tracing there are two different other modes available with improved performance concerning the relationship between accuracy and computation time 12 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description e 2x2D 2D H IRT 2D V IRT The pre processing and as a follow on also the determination of propagation paths is done in two perpendicular planes One horizontal plane for the wave guiding including the vertical wedges and one vertical plane for the over rooftop propagation including the horizontal edges In both planes the propagation paths are determined similar to the 3D IRT model by using ray optical meth
53. t per diffraction e Angle dependent diffraction loss diffraction loss for 90 angle Furthermore it is possible to limit the number of allowed diffractions for the KE model Propagation paths Max number of diffractions in vertical plane Computation of the contribution of the rays Diffraction loss offset per diffraction 6 00 de Diffraction loss at diffraction angle of 90 30 00 dB Cancel Fig 3 9 Settings for the knife edge diffraction model gt Note If the vertical plane prediction is selected on the post processing dialog the options of the KE model have influence on the results 3 4 3 Filter The Filter option is used to equalize large differences between neighbouring pixels This reduces the over all prediction error It is a good supplement to the different transition functions The filter order can be defined by the user A higher filter order leads to more intensive filtering Appropriate values are 3 5 or 7 21 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 3 5 Hybrid Model Dialog In order to provide coverage predictions beyond the borders of the urban area which is described in terms of a building database and where the IRT and COST models are valid WinProp IRT has integrated an instance of the standard propagation model MACRO The combination of the urban models IRT and COST with the standard propagation model leads to a so called hybrid model Figure 3 10 shows the menu of the
54. tance from the border in a linear way i e the offset which is added to the standard propagation model prediction decreases linearly with increasing distance from the border You can activate this linear transition function by checking the option Linear transition in the Hybrid model dialog see figure 3 10 and setting the Maximum distance to a value larger than zero The transition function has only influence on the pixels outside the WinProp area while for the pixels inside the WinProp area i e area of the urban building database no modifications are made 23 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 3 6 Parameters Dialog The settings of the standard propagation model which is taken into account for predictions outside urban areas in combination with the IRT and or COST model can be controlled via the property page Parameters and the property page Clutter which is presented in the next chapter Figure 3 12 shows the menu of the Parameters dialog WinProp ProMan Pi General Output Prediction Database Postprocessing Hybrid model Parameters Clutter l Parameters Near transmitter Max distance m 0 K1 los 17 4 K2 los 44 9 K1 nlos 17 4 K2 nlos 44 9 Far from transmitter K1 los 17 4 K2 los 44 9 Ki nlos 17 4 K2 nlos 44 9 Effective antenna height Method 0 Height above the ground Distance min m 0 Distance max m 15000 13 82 1 Deygout 1 6 55 0 0 0 Hil
55. the 3D building database the real antenna pattern looks different Based on the reduction of the dynamic range the predictions outside the main beam will become more optimistic which typically fits better in comparison to measurements 34 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 4 4 Post processing Dialog The user has different possibilities for the post processing of the results generated by the UDP propagation model Figure 4 4 shows the Post processing dialog WinProp UDP Propertie mms General Output Database Prediction Postprocessing Hybrid model Parameters Clutter Postprocessing Indoor Y Indoor prediction E Only indoor prediction no outdoor Indoor model 1 constant indoor level Indoor model 2 fixed exponential decrease of indoor level Indoor model 3 definable exponential decrease of indoor level U5 4B m Indoor attenuation rate Indoor model 4 on rooftops of the buildings F CNP indoor prediction for selected buildings including indoor walls if available 0 0 Enhanced resolution for CNP indoor prediction Consider floors for CNP outdoor prediction Filter order Fig 4 4 Post processing settings 4 4 1 Indoor Check the box ndoor prediction if you want to compute an estimation of the coverage inside the buildings of the urban database No additional database is required There are three d
56. the results might be reduced There are four levels of this adaptive resolution management disabled and levels 1 3 4 3 3 Propagation exponents and breakpoint The breakpoint describes the physical phenomenon that from a certain distance on the received power decreases with 40 log distance km instead of 20 log distance km which is valid for the free space propagation This is due to the superposition of the direct ray with a ground reflected contribution Exponent before breakpoint LOS NLOS Exponent after breakpoint LOS NLOS These four exponents influence the calculation of the distance dependent attenuation For further refined modelling approaches different exponents for LOS and NLOS conditions can be applied The default values are 2 4 and 2 6 for the exponents before the breakpoint for LOS and NLOS respectively and 3 8 and 4 0 for the exponents after the breakpoint for LOS and NLOS respectively Additional breakpoint offset The breakpoint distance depends on the height of transmitter and receiver as well as the wavelength i e the initial value is calculated according to 2m hrxhr A This value can be modified by adapting the breakpoint factor default 27 and or by setting an additional offset in meters gt Note Normally these settings should be kept on the default values Changes are only required for tuning purposes in comparison to measurements 4 3 4 Prediction area The prediction area for the UDP model is
57. tion is presented in the following figure 4 7 Predicted UDP power dBm prediction Linear transition Y Standard propagation model prediction y Distance to border between Border Urban Rural Maximum distance urban and rural area Fig 4 7 Principle of the linear transition function between the WinProp model UDP and the standard propagation model The transition function computes the difference between the UDP model and the standard propagation model at the border of the urban area which corresponds to the border of the urban database as defined in WallMan or in the separate MapInfo file This difference is taken to modify the prediction of the standard propagation model in the surrounding area up to the given maximum distance from the border in a linear way i e the offset which is added to the standard propagation model prediction decreases linearly with increasing distance from the border You can activate this linear transition function by checking the option Linear transition in the Hybrid model dialog see figure 4 5 and setting the Maximum distance to a value larger than zero The transition function has only influence on the pixels outside the urban area while for the pixels inside the urban area i e area of the urban building database no modifications are made 39 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 4 6 Calibration of the WinProp UDP Model Currently there is a separate tool for the c
58. ts This empirical model uses six different parameters min loss of incident ray diffraction max loss of incident ray diffraction loss of diffracted ray diffraction reflection loss scattering loss transmission loss only for indoor penetration The deterministic model Fresnel Equations for reflection transmission and GTD UTD for diffraction is subject to a slightly longer computation time and is based on three material parameters describing the electrical properties permittivity permeability and conductivity 13 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description gt Note The empirical model for the determination of the interaction losses has the advantage that the required material properties are easier to obtain than the physical parameters required for the deterministic model Also the parameters of the empirical model can more easily be calibrated with measurements Therefore it is easier to achieve a high accuracy with the empirical diffraction reflection model 3 2 5 Path loss exponents The breakpoint describes the physical phenomenon that from a certain distance on the received power decreases with 40 log distance km instead of 20 log distance km which is valid for the free space propagation This is due to the superposition of the direct ray with a ground reflected contribution Accordingly different propagation exponents are considered Exponent before breakpoint LOS NLOS Exponent after breakpoint LOS
59. ttings of the WinProp UDP model Based on the calibrated settings the project can be recomputed in order to achieve the more accurate results The dialog box gives also information about the mean value and standard deviation between predictions and measurements before and after the calibration Depending on the optimization method different results will be obtained 42 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description 5 Appendix 5 1 Installation of License Files Problems Not possible to generate the file license dat with LicenseCustomer exe Not possible to run WinProp on a PC after disconnecting the network cable If you are running Win 2000 or Win XP on a notebook and if the license is protected with the LAN card in your notebook and if no network cable is connected to the LAN card the media sense of Windows might be enabled which disables the LAN card And without LAN card no license dat file will be generated or the license will no longer run How to Disable Media Sense for TCP IP in Windows The information here comes directly from Microsoft and applies to Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server Microsoft Windows 2000 Datacenter Server Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional Microsoft Windows 2000 Server We tested it also for Windows XP and there it also works Windows contains the Media Sensing feature You may use this feature on a Windows based computer using Transmission Control Protocol
60. verify this by looking at the route table you can use the route print command which shows the interface IP address you are also able to ping the IP address assigned to the NIC 45 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description Problem Definition of a new environment variable To set the environment variable WINPROP_LICENSE_FILE please follow the steps below You will find more information related to this topic in your Windows manual or the Windows online help Here only a very brief description is given valid for Windows NT 2000 and XP Select START and then go to System Control Select System and go to the section Extended And there you will find a button with the Environment Variable Open the dialog and add a new variable in the section of the user not in the system section NOTE The environment variable has to be set for all WINPROP users The following screen shots are related to the German version of W2k but the procedure is the same for all other versions even if the names of the dialogs and buttons might vary for different versions of Windows 1 Open the system control panel and double click the system icon E Systemsteuerung lani xl Datei Bearbeiten Ansicht Favoriten Extras Zur ck my E Asuchen GYOrdner C4Verlauf Ag M a Adresse ET Systemsteuerung 2 Wechseln zu a a A Y RealPlayer Scanner und Kameras Schriftarten K Software Sounds und Multimedi
61. x by changing the values and clicking on Ok Parameters for Dominant Path x r Parameter ranges Parameter OLOS Exponent LOS Exponent after breakpoint 3 50 4 00 OLOS Exponent after breakpoint 3 50 4 00 Diffraction Loss dB 9 00 15 00 Min 2 20 Max 2 80 Set Cancel Fig 4 10 Model Settings Dialog of the ProMan Calibration tool After clicking on Start in the main dialog the calibration process begins and the progress is shown by a progress bar After the calibration has finished the results are displayed in a table The following figure shows the results for the Urban Dominant Path Model 41 WinProp Plug In User Reference Parameter Description Results for Dominant Path Urban x Parameter Results 7892 pixels considered f LOS Exponent amp DLOS Exponent f Diffraction Loss dB f Offset dB LOS Exponent after breakpoint f DLOS Exponent after breakpoint 2 60 7889 n a 0 3 50 13 10 00 7889 0 17 Statistical evaluation Mean value Standard deviation Before calibration 2 22 dB 6 49 dB After calibration 0 17 dB 6 21 dB Close Fig 4 11 Result Window of the ProMan Calibration tool The calibrated settings for the propagation exponents before after BP for LOS NLOS conditions and the interaction diffraction loss listed in the table can now be transferred manually into the project se

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