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Drivven Combustion Analysis Toolkit (DCAT) User`s Manual

1. Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Synchronous out Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 145 Drivven Inc DCAT Next Cycle Align to Cylinder normal priority This VI takes the raw data streams and divides it up into individual cylinder events This VI is to be called repeatedly and faster than each cylinder event It will return a single cylinder s data when the complete cylinder arrays are available If no new cylinder information is available a cylinder number of 1 is returned The VI will return an error if all the information cannot be processed but the VI will attempt to recover This VI also ensemble averages the data if enabled and windows the data if enabled The Medium Speed Data filtering is also applied in this VI Engine Setup Medium Speed Setup 1 Asynchronous Measurements ilil Synchronous Measurements a it Initialize in da seeded eege a an Initialize out Medium Speed in Medium Speed out Synchronous in Synchronous out SamplePeriod n s Engine Speed RPM FPGA FIFO Data in SamplePeriodQut s Asynchronous in jl Asynchronous out Status In 3 Lesen Status out S Cylinder Timer us Cycle
2. Waveform Single Float Sample Period Speed RPM Time ms Cycle Array STC ctl This array control contains the speed time and cycle The 0 index in the array is always speed The 1 index is always time The 2 index is always cycle number This array is only used by uDCAT Value Double Float Speed Time or Cycle Synchronous Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Synchronous Digital Array Synchronous Digital ctl Digital signals recorded by the DAQ system The first dimension corresponds to each channel of digital data The second dimension corresponds to each sample Digital Sample Boolean Digital Sample Synchronous Measurements Array Synchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the synchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 130 Drivven Inc DCAT measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement TDMS file in Refnum This control is a standard TDMS file reference TDMS
3. 7200pts 7200pts 1039 100pts 1 074 0 013 Hold Init vi ee Resample Cycle vi 7200ptsNoChange OB Resample Cycle vi 7200ptsResizeto720pts 188 Rolling Stats vi 1000pts DeSerializeU8 vi Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 81 Drivven Inc DCAT DAQ Hardware One of the key features limiting the maximum engine speed is the DAQ hardware There are two cases where the DAQ hardware may limit the maximum engine speed The first is the case where the DAQ equipment has a large sample rate but the encoder resolution is high For example a 500 kS s ch DAQ card is limited to 8333RPM with a 3600 ppr encoder The second case is where the DAQ hardware has a small sample rate For example a multiplexed sampling card at 1MS s divided among 16 channels has a 62 5 kS s ch sampling rate 50000 ge 1000 kS s ch 500 kS s ch 40000 4 250 kS s ch 35000 5 100 kS s ch d 30000 50 kS s ch o 25000 E 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Encoder Resolution ppr Figure 68 DAQ Hardware Performance The data above was calculated using the following equation 60 000 SR ER MS Where MS Maximum Speed RPM SR Sample Rate kS s ch ER Encoder Resolution ppr Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 82 Drivven Inc DCAT HDD Streaming data
4. Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Array Absolute Cylinder Pressure ctl Absolute cylinder pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Single Float Absolute Cylinder Pressure Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information PolyC Array PolyC ctl Polytropic coefficient for compression as a function of crank angle for the polytropic coefficient for compression window The number of samples is determined by the window size and the sampling resolution PolyC Single Float Polytropic Coefficient of Compression PolyE Array PolyE ctl Polytropic coefficient for expansion as a function of crank angle for the polytropic coefficient for expansion window The number of samples is determined by the window size and the sampling resolution PolyE Single Float Polytropic Coefficient of Expansion Pressure Results Cluster Pressure Results ctl This control contains the basic pressure metrics calculations results Pressure Setup Cluster Pressure Setup ctl This control contains the basic pressure metrics calculations setup Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 174 Drivven Inc DCAT Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real
5. Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Final Resolution ppr 182 This control defines the final resolution of the output array A value of zero will cause the output to be the same as the input Resize Array 2D reentrant subroutine This VI converts an array to an array of any size The input array is interpolated to determine the output array If the input array is empty an array of zeros is used If the input array size matches the output array size the input array is passed directly to the output Output Size Array in E Array out Fe Array in Array The control contains the input array data Array Element Single Float Array Element Array out Array The control contains the input array data Array Element Single Float Array Element Output Size 132 This control defines the array output size Resize Array reentrant subroutine This VI converts an array to an array of any size The input array is interpolated to determine the output array If the input array is empty an array of zeros is used If the input array size matches the output array size the input array is passed directly to the output Output Size Array in E Array out Array in Array The control contains the input array data Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 199 Drivven Inc DCAT Array Element Single Float Array Element Array out Array The control contains the input array da
6. RPM Ncyl seconds N Strokes per Cycle RPM Engine Speed in RPM Ncyl Number of Cylinders Ex 4 storke 10000RPM and 16 cylinders 750us Try disabling some of the calculations or reducing the encoder resolution o The performance of the system depends on many variables including user defined functions It may be necessary to remove some real time processing to achieve the desired performance Why are CalPoints behaving strangely o Verify that all the subVIs containing CalPoints except DCAT VIs are a part of the target in the project explorer o Stop the target application and rerun the CalVIEW Master setup o Please refer to the CalVIEW user s manual for more details Why are the timed loops not running o Change your timing source if you are running in Windows The Windows OS will only work with the 1 kHz timing source o Check to see if the loop is receiving a stop signal There are several error conditions that can stop the timed loops Why are the speed and the timer not working correctly o Check the PFI to PO jumpers described in the hardware setup information That data is transferred over these jumpers Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 86 Drivven Inc DCAT Why are the DCAT Vis running but are doing nothing o Please verify that you have a valid license key Please see the section on installing and activating DCAT above o Verity that the License DCAT VI runs once before all other D
7. 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 44 Drivven Inc DCAT Medium Speed FPGA DAQ Setup The Medium Speed DAQ Setup tab shown in Figure 41 contains all the setup parameters needed to collect medium speed data The tab control contains an easy to use XControl designed to allow the user to configure all properties The XControl contains 3 parts the sample rate measurement editing and the summary of measurements The user may select a measurement from the summary table to edit Once selected the measurement configuration may be altered in the editing section New measurements may be added using the Insert button Selected measurements may be removed using the Delete button The order of the measurements may be changed using the Move Up and Move Down buttons The Medium Speed DAQ is set up to scale measurements based on a gain and offset or a standard thermocouple calibration Data is saved to the raw data file as a raw voltage for gain and offset scaling or as the temperature for thermocouples The Signal Max and Signal Min values should represent the range of voltages for gain and offset scaling and the range of temperatures for thermocouples The Sample Rate of all measurements must be the same and must not exceed the sample rate of any device Although the sample rate may be set as high as the modules will allow large sample rates will require use more memory and CPU than modest sample rates Each channel has the option of using a point by
8. 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 17 Drivven Inc DCAT TDC Offset Calibration The TDC offsets are critical for the DCAT to perform calculations accurately A small shift in the TDC of the pressure waveforms will affect all simple CAD measurements by the amount of the TDC error These are things like location of peak pressure and location of maximum pressure rise TDC alignment errors can cause even greater errors on calculated parameters like IMEP and HRR Some estimates claim that a 0 5 CAD TDC alignment can cause gt 5 error in IMEP The TDC alignment is as important as the sensor calibrations It is important to understand the relationship between the encoder Z pulse and the TDC TDC is the encoder A B pulse directly following the encoder Z pulse Therefore changing the resolution of the encoder will cause the TDC to shift The resolution typically changes through one of 2 methods The first is an encoder that allows the user to select a desired resolution The second is for the encoder extrapolation to be turned on in the DCAT encoder setup Extrap 2 Extrap 4 Figure 9 Encoder Z A TDC
9. 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 5 Drivven Inc DCAT Installing and Activating DCAT Please contact Drivven for the latest version of DCAT Target System Recommended Real Time System Hardware PXI system FPGA S Series Card CPU 2 0 GHz dual core or faster OS Nl Real Time 2009 RAM 1024 MB or more Hard Drive 2 GB or more free space Recommended PC System Hardware FPGA S Series Card RTS Connection CPU 2 0 GHz dual core or faster OS Windows XP or Vista RAM 1024 MB or more Hard Drive 2 GB or more free space Software LabVIEW 2009 LabVIEW FPGA 2009 DAQm x 9 0 Host System Recommended System CPU 1 6 GHz or faster OS Windows XP or Vista RAM 1024 MB or more Hard Drive 500 MB or more free space Software LabVIEW Run Time 2009 CalVIEW 2 90 xxxx LabVIEW Full 2009 LabVIEW FPGA 2009 LabVIEW Real Time 2009 DAQm x 9 0 1 Display 219 wide screen 21440 x 900 DCAT Only 222 wide screen 21680 x 1050 Engine Controller and DCAT DAQmx 9 0 1 http joule ni com nidu cds view p id 1444 lang en LabVIEW Run Time 2009 _htitp joule ni com nidu cds view p id 1383 lang en CalVIEW 2 86 http www drivven com visitor_download Software CalVIEW2 90 zip It is assumed that users of DCAT are familiar with internal combustion engine concepts common practice for acquiring combustion related data as well as combustion analysis methods It is also assumed that the toolkit user is an experienced LabVIEW programmer in the Wi
10. Array SamplePeriod ctl Synchronous array contains the sample period from the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays Waveform Single Float Sample Period Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Synchronous Digital Array Synchronous Digital ctl Digital signals recorded by the DAQ system The first dimension corresponds to each channel of digital data The second dimension corresponds to each sample Digital Sample Boolean Digital Sample Synchronous Measurements Array Synchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the synchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Fe Synchronous in Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Synchronous out Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous
11. Buffer Use Fraction i eeneg Asynchronous Digital Soen Synchronous Digital FPGA FIFO Data out Asynchronous Digital Array Asynchronous Digital ctl Asynchronous Digital signals recorded by the DAQ system The first dimension corresponds to each channel of digital data The second dimension corresponds to each sample Digital Sample Boolean Digital Sample Asynchronous Measurements Array Asynchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the asynchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Fe Asynchronous in Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Asynchronous out Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 146 Drivven Inc DCAT array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample
12. Sampling population based on some criteria Example if you need to Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 125 Drivven Inc DCAT determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire MEP Results Array This array control contains MEP results MEP Results Cluster MEP Results ctl This control contains the MEP calculations results MEP Stats Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains mean effective pressure results Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Misfire Stats Post Process reentrant normal priority This VI calculates the statistics for an array of the calculated misfire analysis values Mistire Stats Status out Exclude From Stats F Exclude From Stats F Array Exclude From Stats Array ctl This control contains an array that can be used to exclude individual values from the statistics calculations If the array is empty all values will be used Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on some criteria Example if you n
13. Size 100 132 Size ctl This control defines the size of rolling average used in statistics Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Update Rate 1 Cycles 132 Update Rate ctl Update rate defines the number of cycle between rolling statistical calculations The minimum maximum and mean values are updated every cycle MEParea Stats RT reentrant normal priority This VI calculates the statistics for the calculated mean effective pressure values This VI is good for up to 16 Cylinders Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 179 Drivven Inc DCAT Size 100 Initialize Cylinder MEParea Results Status in Exclude From Stats F Update Rate 1 Cycles MEP Stats Status out Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on some criteria Example if you need to determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire Initialize Boolean Initializ
14. This VI is an up down counter Threshold 1 Up Intensity Down Intensity EEN Up Gain 1 Down Gain 1 Initialize e Intensity Shutdown 1 Intensity Tripped Down Gain 1 Single Float This control defines the gain on the down intensity Down Intensity Single Float This control defines the decrease in intensity each iteration Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Intensity Single Float This is the resulting intensity value Intensity Shutdown 1 Single Float Threshold 1 Single Float This control determines the threshold where the intensity is great enough to set a true value Tripped Boolean This control is true when the intensity is greater than the threshold Up Gain 1 Single Float This control defines the gain on the up intensity Up Intensity Single Float This control defines the increase in the intensity each iteration uDCAT Check Setup normal priority This VI checks the engine setup and the synchronous measurements setup to ensure that the encoder is properly setup for UDCAT Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 203 Drivven Inc DCAT Reduced Resolution ppr Reduced Divide SyncValid Engine Setup out Sampling Resolution ppr Actual TDC_Offset CAD ees AsyncValid Actual TDC Offset CAD Sing
15. This control contains the status of the real time process Volume Liter Array Volume ctl Calculated cylinder volume as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Volume Liter Single Float Cylinder Volume dVolume liter Array dVolume ctl Differential volume as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine dVolume Liter Single Float Differential Volume Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 167 Drivven Inc DCAT MEParea normal priority This VI also calculates another variations of IMEP for a 4 stroke engine SAE Technical Paper FO4ANNUAL 41 1 It calculates the IMEP and PMEP values for the areas of the curves that do not overlap The overlapping sections of the diagram are ignored IMEP Integral P dV Vd From 180 to 180 CAD PMEP Integral P dV Vd From 360 to 180 and 180 to 360 CAD IMEParea IMEP Overlap PMEParea PMEP Overlap IMEP Gross Indicated Mean Effective Pressure kPa PMEP Pumping Indicated Mean Effective Pressure kPa P Instantaneous Pressure kPa dV Differential Volume liter Vd Displacement Volume liter d
16. associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 207 Drivven Inc DCAT Asynchronous Digital Array Asynchronous Digital ctl Asynchronous Digital signals recorded by the DAQ system The first dimension corresponds to each channel of digital data The second dimension corresponds to each sample Digital Sample Boolean Digital Sample Buffer Use Fraction Single Float Buffer Use ctl This control displays the fraction of the buffer or queue that is currently used Cycle U32 Cycle ctl Cylinder associated with the current data set A cylinder number of 1 or 0 is used when cycle data is not avaliable Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or 0 is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Engine Speed RPM Single Float Engine Speed ctl Engine Speed for the current cycle of data It is updated once every cycle This control is defined by Engine Speed ctl Initialize in Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It shou
17. calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on some criteria Example if you need to determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire Knock Results Array This array control contains knock results Knock Results Cluster Knock Results ctl This control contains the knock calculations results Knock Stats Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains the Statistical cluster Each element in the array correlates to a calculated value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process MEP Stats Post Process normal priority This VI calculates the statistics for an array of the calculated mean effective pressure analysis values MEP Stats Status out Exclude From Stats EI Exclude From Stats F Array Exclude From Stats Array ctl This control contains an array that can be used to exclude individual values from the statistics calculations If the array is empty all values will be used Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset
18. desired throughput The ID is used to differentiate between different streams of data The timestamp is used to correlate data with the high speed data ID Data Free Timer us FIFO Finished Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 221 Drivven Inc DCAT dcat_stream_fpga_data_i16 reentrant subroutine This VI converts unsigned integer data into a series of packets that can be placed in a FIFO and decoded by the real time system The VI may be used in several parts of an application for different streams of data running at different sample rates It should be placed in a while loop with the FIFO and the Finished terminal should be connected to the Stop if True condition of the while loop This cannot be placed in a single cycle loop The FIFO should be a U64 with enough resources to handle the desired throughput The ID is used to differentiate between different streams of data The timestamp is used to correlate data with the high speed data ID Data Free Timer us FIFO Finished Data 116 FPGA Data FIFO U64 U64 Data for the FIFO Finished Boolean Indicates the end of the data for the current measurement FreeTimer us U32 FPGA Free Timer ID U8 Data Stream ID dcat_stream_fpga_data_i32 reentrant subroutine This VI converts unsigned integer data into a series of packets that can be placed in a FIFO and decoded by the real time system The VI may be used in several parts of an application for dif
19. normal priority This VI controls a chart on the host panel The chart must be set up to take a 2D array of singles wire a 2D array of singles into the array to change it and then disconnect it This Uses a list box to allow the user to select 1 or more parameters in the Data Reference Array and plots them as a function of time Selection Mode must be set to 1 or More Items in the right click menu The Filter Values input can be used to remove some parameters form the list box selection The chart will clear when the selected values change Trends with similar units will be placed on the same axis If there are not enough axes for all the different units to be displayed all units without an axis will be displayed on the first axis Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 186 Drivven Inc DCAT This VI needs to execute every loop cycle so that the table values update at the loop rate The controls feeding them need to be outside of all tab controls so that they update regularly Cylinder Count 16 Waveform Chart Data Reference Array Listbox Loop Rate ms Filter Values Cylinder Count 16 U32 Numbers of cylinders to be calculated This value must be greater than or equal to the number of cylinders calculated Applying a number less than 16 allows the array sizes to be reduced to the actual size needed and operate more efficiently Data Reference Array Array This control is an array of references that contains the st
20. DCAT e Version 2 90 95 Drivven Inc DCAT C1c Single Float Specifies the Woschni correlation coefficient 1 for the compression period Default 2 28 C1e Single Float Specifies the Woschni correlation coefficient 1 for the expansion period Default 2 28 C2ge Single Float Specifies the Woschni correlation coefficient 2 for the gas exchange period Default 0 C2c Single Float Specifies the Woschni correlation coefficient 2 for the compression period Default 0 C2e Single Float Specifies the Woschni correlation coefficient 2 for the expansion period Default 0 00324 TempProfile Enum U32 Specifies the method used to determine the cylinder temperature profile It is used with heat release methods containing heat transfer 0 Constant Wall temperature is assumed to be a constant value 1 Linear Wall temperature varies linearly from the top of the cylinder to the bottom of the cylinder T_BDC K Single Float Specifies the temperature of the cylinder wall at bottom dead center T_TDC K Single Float Specifies the temperature of the cylinder wall at top dead center SmoothingFactor Single Float Specifies the gain associated with the user defined polytropic coefficient correlation Knock Results Cluster Knock Results ctl This control contains the knock calculations results Knock Single Float Displays the knock intensity value calculated using the BRIC method PressurePeakToPeak
21. Duration d mem 032 e Bs2 DCAT Control RawLoopTime T pearc Figure 35 Streaming to Disk Loop a Setup parameters All of the setup parameters are bundled into a cluster that is saved at the beginning of a file b Read the queue c Stream available data to the disk 8 Processing Loop This loop is responsible for the real time processing and display of the data It also saves the summary file Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 39 Drivven Inc DCAT Keal lime Processing GE Hen Bl E PCAT ControllRTLoopTime L a Csat 12 lt Ofindar gt 7 i j gt lt Oe gt u Speed gt 8 lt spees gt cllk E hpsax DCAT Control Speed f D32 DCAT Control Timer E H PCAT Control Cycle DCAT Control RTAlignBuffer Figure 36 Real Time Processing Loop a a Combine setup properties to be saved with each file b Read queue c Align Data to cylinder This VI buffers the data and aligns the data based on TDC offsets for each cylinder The VI provides a cylinder number of 1 when it doesn t have a full cycle of data and provides a valid cylinder number when there is a full cycle of data Only one cylinder of data can be presented each loop d The data is scaled The data is filtered Separate the cylinder pressure pre chamber pressure manifold air pressure and acoustic data fro
22. Effective Pressure Kilobyte Kilohertz 10 sec Measurements and Automation eXplorer Mean Effective Pressure Mass Fraction Burned Megabyte Megahertz 10 sec National Instruments Net Mean Effective Pressure Operating System Peripheral Input DAQ Port Fuel Injector Pumping Mean Effective Pressure Pressure Ratio Peripheral Component Interconnect PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation Reconfigurable I O Real Time Top Dead Center Micro DCAT Synchronous sampled at specific CAD Volume Virtual Instrument Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 8 Drivven Inc DCAT DCAT Hardware Setup The DCAT is configured to utilize a PXI chassis with a Real Time or Windows based controller R Series FPGA card 78XX and S Series Cards 612X etc The R Series card must be inserted into slot number 2 adjacent to the controller on the PXI chassis due to the constraints of the PXI bus triggering lines The DCAT user must confirm a few configuration settings in the Measurement and Automation eXplorer MAX in order to work with DCAT First the controller and chassis must be identified Figure 1 The device names are used to identify the physical channels in the DCAT measurement setup Figure 2 The device can be renamed by right clicking on the device and selecting the rename option Last the PXI Trigger Lines must not be reserved for other functions in MAX Figure 3 They are automatically reserved as a part of th
23. Float Specifies the piston stroke Bore m Single Float Specifies the cylinder bore Stroke2 4 Enum U32 Specifies a 2 or 4 stroke engine 0 4 Stroke 2 engine revolution per cycle Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 89 Drivven Inc DCAT 1 2 Stroke 1 engine revolution per cycle 2 Other User specified revolutions per cycle AsyncRate kS s Single Float Specifies the asynchronous sampling rate when applicable CVorCR Enum U32 Specifies if the user enters clearance volume and compression ratio is calculated or if the user enters compression ratio and the clearance volume is calculated 0 Clearance Volume User enters clearance volume 1 Compression Ratio User enters compression ratio TDC_Offset CAD Single Float Specifies the absolute top dead center offset to apply to all signals The value will automatically be adjusted to the nearest sample SampleResolution ppr U32 Displays the final sampling resolution after the encoder extrapolation and encoder divide PinOffset m Single Float Specifies the offset of the pin connecting the connecting rod to the piston CrownArea Single Float Specifies the piston crown surface area compared to the cylinder bore area HeadArea Single Float Specifies the head surface area compared to the cylinder bore area DisplacementVolume liter Single Float Displays the piston displacement volume CylinderCount U32 Specifies the number of cylinde
24. Measurement Setup l Engine Setup l Raw Data l Pre Process l Pressure MEP Heat Release Pressure Ratio Knock Noise Misfire Process File Processed Trends 6500 6000 5500 Standard Deviation 5000 of Variance 4500 4000 B 3500 3000 2500 G 2000 1500 1000 l 200 Frocess Range 3 5580 Results File Path Rolling Pe Ava Size 3 5580 3 CydeCount Combustion Analysis lvproj My Computer Figure 66 Raw Post Processing Example Front Panel Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT Version 2 90 72 Drivven Inc DCAT ul Ai 4 INN UI CH If UD III JI P Ru he te aft RSR 2S E We RL ee UI LL ET TE eE CS ZE RE E E EEN CCRN ess E E ES A EI 3 est 74 SS See I E ge Sees ee see Sees sess Ses Ges e ESen e EE SS SSS SS SS e SS SS SL te Te a ies Seel Ae Le Fs et SOL Ol eset lit LOO O T TUE i a 7 OH GE r Term pasm i Lt ar EE EE EE SEH a 7 e Lee SS Figure 67 Raw Post Processing Example Block Diagram Load the TDMS combustion file and all the configuration data The file is indexed 1 but the data is not loaded into LabVIEW A single cycle of data is loaded when requested based on the indexes 2 The cursor information on the trend data is updated when the process range slider moves 3 Process all the values bracketed by the p
25. Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Asynchronous out Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Buffer Use Fraction Single Float Buffer Use ctl This control displays the fraction of the buffer or queue that is currently used Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 135 Drivven Inc DCAT Cycle U32 Cycle ctl Cylinder associated with the current data set A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Engine Speed RPM Single Float Engine Speed ctl Engine Speed for the current cycle of data It is updated once every cycle FPGA FIFO Data in Array FPGA FIFO Data ctl FPGA Data array contains the samples recorded by the FPGA The first dimension in the array corresponds to the Time ms ID Data The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample FPGA Data Double Float FPGA Data FPGA FIFO Data out Array F
26. Single Float Asynchronous Sample Buffer Use Fraction Single Float Buffer Use ctl This control displays the fraction of the buffer or queue that is currently used Cycle U32 Cycle ctl Cylinder associated with the current data set A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or 0 is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Engine Speed RPM Single Float Engine Speed ctl Engine Speed for the current cycle of data It is updated once every cycle FPGA FIFO Data in Array FRGA FIFO Data ctl FRGA Data array contains the samples recorded by the FPGA The first dimension in the array corresponds to the Time ms ID Data The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample FPGA Data Double Float FPGA Data FPGA FIFO Data out Array FRGA FIFO Data ctl FRGA Data array contains the samples recorded by the FPGA The first dimension in the array corresponds to the Time ms ID Data The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample FPGA Data Double Float FPGA Data Initialize in Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of
27. Size ctl This control defines the size of rolling average used in statistics Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Update Rate 1 Cycles 132 Update Rate ctl Update rate defines the number of cycle between rolling statistical calculations The minimum maximum and mean values are updated every cycle Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 176 Drivven Inc DCAT Knock Stats RT reentrant normal priority This VI calculates the Statistics for the calculated knock values This VI is good for up to 16 Cylinders Size 100 Initialize SSES Cylinder pecs prr Knock Stats A oo Status out Exclude From Stats Fy 174 Update Rate 1 Cycles Cylinder SR Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or 0 is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on some criteria Example if you need to determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used
28. Specifies the CJC sources of the thermocouple medium speed DAQ measurements CJC Value Array Specifies the CJC value of the thermocouple medium speed DAQ measurements Filter Cutoff Array Specifies the filter cutoff frequency of the medium speed DAQ measurements The filter cutoff frequency must be less than the sample frequency A value of zero turns off the filter Terminal Configuration Array Specifies the terminal configuration of the medium speed DAQ measurements Signal Max Array Specifies the signal maximum of the medium speed DAQ measurements The value should be in volts for gain scaling and temperature for thermocouples Signal Min Array Specifies the signal minimum of the medium speed DAQ measurements The value should be in volts for gain scaling and temperature for thermocouples Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 100 Drivven Inc DCAT Misfire Results Cluster Misfire Results ctl This control contains the results of the misfire calculations Misfire Single Float Displays the results of the misfire calculations Misfire is represented by a value of 1 Misfire Setup Cluster Misfire Setup ctl This control contains the misfire setup MisfireMethod Enum U32 Specifies the method used to detect misfires 0 Peak Pressure of Historic Detects a misfire when the peak pressure is less than a specified percentage of the rolling average 1 Peak Pressure Absolute Detects a misfire wh
29. Synchronous Sample Synchronous out Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample This control is defined by Synchronous ctl Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Timer us U32 Timer ctl Timer contains the current value of the FPGA free timer The time is updated once every cycle This control is defined by Timer ctl Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 209 Drivven Inc DCAT uAsynchronous Array uAsynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Double Float Asynchronous Sample uRT FIFO Read normal priority This VI reads the queue of raw data for the real time processing VIs Medium Speed Synchronous SamplePeriod s Time ms Speed RPM Time ms Cycle uAsynchronous Status out Status in Initiate Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Medium Speed Array Medium Speed ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first
30. The left side of the tab is used for saving raw data Raw Data consists of the absolute voltages measured directly from each channel The raw data is streamed to disk without any processing Therefore the data is not scaled or aligned to the cylinder However every configuration parameter from the setup and calculation tabs is also saved to the raw data file so the test environment can be recreated in post processing The right side of the tab is used for saving summary data Summary Data is the set of values calculated every cycle such as pressure metrics and heat release The statistics are also calculated and saved in the file The ensemble average of the scaled and aligned waveforms is also saved with the summary data Raw data and summary data may be recorded simultaneously The cycle number and time stamp which is recorded in both file types can be used to align the summary data with the raw data Both raw data and summary data types have identical file saving configurations The raw data file saving parameters will be described below Raw_Path Defines the full path to the directory for storing the file Raw_Filename Defines the name of the raw data file A suffix of XXX tells uUDCAT to append a file number to the end of the name The file number will be assigned and incremented according to Raw_StartCounter Raw_Counter and Raw_ResetCounter Raw_SaveMethod Selects the method for determining the end of saving raw data to fil
31. a loop is restarted Medium Speed Array Medium Speed ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Medium Speed Sample Double Float Medium Speed Sample SamplePeriod s Time ms Array SamplePeriod and Time ctl synchronous array contains the sample period from the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays SamplePerid s Time ms Double Float Sample Period s Time ms Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Synchronous Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Write All FIFOs normal priority This VI combines the Queue writing for the next cycle loop real time calculations loop and the raw file saving loop On systems where memory is limited this VI can be replaced with the individual VIs for only the queues that are needed ee NC Queue Overflo
32. all times Measurement Setup The Measurement Setup tab shown in Figure 40 contains all of the configuration information for each measurement channel The total number of measurement channels SyncChannelCount and AsyncChannelCount should be specified first For each measurement a physical channel type scaling and associated cylinder should be set The PhysicalChannel_SyncxX is the device and channel name recognized by DAQmx Ex Dev1 ai0 The MeasurementType_SyncX allows the program to separate the specific measurements that are used for the calculations A type of undefined should be used if the measurement type is not listed Several options are available for the scaling of a measurement Many of the defined measurement types require that the scaling factors be in terms of a specific engineering unit The AssociatedCylinder_SyncX check boxes determine which cylinders the channel should be associated with Some measurements like cylinder pressure should only be associated with a single cylinder Others may be associated with multiple cylinders such as manifold pressure Please note that associating measurements with multiple cylinders may slow down the system The MeasurementName is used to store the data in the file and for display The units of undefined measurement types may be set to a text string that is used for display The Filter_SyncX refers to 1 of 16 filters that are defined on the Filtering tab Each measurement may
33. array contains the sample period from the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays SamplePerid s Time ms Double Float Sample Period s Time ms Speed RPM Time ms Cycle Array STC ctl This array control contains the speed time and cycle The 0 index in the array is always speed The 1 index is always time The 2 index is always cycle number This array is only used by uDCAT Value Double Float Speed Time or Cycle Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Synchronous Channels Array Synchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the synchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Fe Synchronous in Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample This control is defined by Synchronous ctl Synchronous Sample Single Float
34. average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire Pressure Ratio Results Array This array control contains pressure ratio results Pressure Ratio Results Cluster Pressure Ratio Results ctl This control contains the pressure ratio calculations results Pressure Ratio Stats Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains the statistical cluster Each element in the array correlates to a calculated value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Pressure Stats Post Process normal priority This VI calculates the statistics for an array of the calculated pressure metrics analysis values Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 127 Drivven Inc DCAT Pressure Stats Status out Exclude From Stats F Exclude From Stats F Array Exclude From Stats Array ctl This control contains an array that can be used to exclude individual values from the statistics calculations If the array is empty all values will be used Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on
35. be calculated This value must be greater than or equal to the number of cylinders calculated Applying a number less than 16 allows the array sizes to be reduced to the actual size needed and operate more efficiently Engine Average T Boolean When true this control adds an engine average to the plotted data Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 191 Drivven Inc DCAT Plot Reference Refnum This control is a reference to the X Y graph of the data x Axis Reference Refnum This control is a reference to the x axis array y Axis Reference Refnum This control is a reference to the data array Control PV Plot reentrant normal priority This VI is used to control the PV diagram plot Volume Pressure Motoring PV Plot Start PolyC CAD End PolyC CAD Start PolyE CAD End PolyE CAD Log Linear F Linear ee Stroke 4 OtherStrokes OAT Flot End PolyC CAD Single Float This control defines the end of the window used to calculate the polytrophic coefficient for compression End PolyE CAD Single Float This control defines the end of the window used to calculate the polytrophic coefficient for expansion Log Linear F Linear Boolean This control determines if the X Y graph uses linear or log scales Motoring PV Plot Refnum This control is a reference to the X Y graph OtherStrokes U8 This control defines the start of the window used to calculate the polytrophic coefficient for
36. contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Medium Speed Sample Double Float Medium Speed Sample SamplePeriod s Time ms Array SamplePeriod and Time ctl Synchronous array contains the sample period from the previous sample to the Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 111 Drivven Inc DCAT current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays SamplePerid s Time ms Double Float Sample Period s Time ms Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Synchronous Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample RT FIFO Read normal priority This VI reads the queue of raw data for the real time processing VIs Medium Speed Synchronous SamplePeriod s Time ms FPGA FIFO Data Asynchronous Status out Status in Asynchronous Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples reco
37. control is a reference to the data plot x y graph SyncCrank Angle Refnum This control is a reference to a crank angle array SyncData Refnum This control contains the reference to the data SyncDigital Data Refnum This control is a reference to the digital data SyncSignal Names String This control contains the signal names separated by a comma Control FPGA Plot normal priority This VI controls the display of the synchronous or asynchronous display for a single channel and all the measurements associated with it Data Plot SyncCrank Angle FPGA Data FPGA Data Size FPGA Signal Names Data Plot Refnum This control is a reference to the data plot x y graph FPGA Data Refnum This control contains the reference to the data FPGA Data Size Array This control contains the size of the FPGA data streams FPGA Data Size Single Float FPGA Data Size FPGA Signal Names String This control contains the signal names separated by a comma SyncCrank Angle Refnum This control is a reference to a crank angle array Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 188 Drivven Inc DCAT Control Medium Speed Plot normal priority This VI controls the display of the synchronous or asynchronous display for a single channel and all the measurements associated with it Data Plot SyncCrank Angle Medium Speed Data Medium Speed Data Size Medium Speed Signal Names Data Plot Refnum This control is a reference to
38. correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Cylinder Pressure kPa Single Float Cylinder Pressure Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Manifold Absolute Pressure kPa abs Array Manifold Absolute Pressure ctl Manifold absolute pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Manifold Absolute Pressure kPa abs Single Float Manifold Absolute Pressure PreChamber Pressure kPa Array PreChamber Pressure ctl PreChamber pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine PreChamber Pressure kPa Single Float PreChamber Pressure Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Sync
39. crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Single Float Absolute Cylinder Pressure Absolute PreChamber Pressure kPa abs Array Absolute PreChamber Pressure ctl Absolute prechamber pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Absolute PreChamber Pressure kPa abs Single Float Absolute PreChamber Pressure Cylinder Pressure kPa Array Cylinder Pressure ctl Cylinder pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 149 Drivven Inc DCAT Cylinder Pressure kPa Single Float Cylinder Pressure Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Manifold Absolute Pressure kPa abs Array Manifold Absolute Pressure ctl Manifold Absolute Pressure as a function of crank angle Manifold Absolute Pressure kPa abs Single Float Manifold Absolute Pressure Pegging Setup Cluster Pegging Setup ctl This control contains the Pegging setup Pegging Value kPa Single Float This control reports t
40. cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Effective Resolution Subroutine This VI checks the Divide and Extrapolation values to determine if they are valid If the values are not valid the actual encoder resolution is used Reduced Resolution ppr Reduced Divide SyncValid Engine Setup out Sampling Resolution ppr Actual_TOC_Offset CAD Ee AsyncValid Actual TDC Offset CAD Single Float This control displays the actual top dead center offset that will be used by the data acquisition system It is the closest integer sample offset to the desired top dead center offset Asynchronous Valid Boolean This control indicates true when the synchronous sampling setup is acceptable It returns false when an error condition exists and overwrites the settings the default settings Engine Setup in Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Engine Setup out Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Reduced Divide U32 This control displays the divide value required to achieve the reduced resolution Reduced Resolution ppr U32 This control displays the reduced resolution encoder signal that is recorded with the asynchronous sampling to ensure that the encoder signal can be interpreted properly Sampling Resolu
41. file out Refnum This control is a standard TDMS file reference error in Cluster This control is a standard LabVIEW error cluster error out Cluster This control is a standard LabVIEW error cluster Read Summary from TDMS normal priority This VI reads the summary data files The data is presented as a 2 or 3 dimensional array 2D Arrays Index 0 Cylinder Index 1 Cycle 3D Arrays Index 0 Cylinder Index 1 Parameter Index 2 Cycle poooooeeeooeg Ensemble Average Narnes tdms file in fe a eem rg e DEE aver error out Message Error out ERR Message out Error in CAD Vol liter dVol liter Area m2 Array VolumeArrays ctl This indicator contains the data generated by the volume calculations or the volume file Single Float CAD Volume dVolume Area Ensemble Average Data Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Ensemble Average Names Array This control contains the synchronous data names Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 131 Drivven Inc DCAT Synchronous Data Name String Synchronous Data Name Ensemble Average Plot Refnum This control is a refnum of a waveform plot of ensemble average data Error in Cluster This control is a sta
42. function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Pressure Ratio Single Float Pressure Ratio Pressure Ratio Results Cluster Pressure Ratio Results ctl This control contains the pressure ratio calculations results Pressure Results Cluster Pressure Results ctl This control contains the basic pressure metrics calculations results Pressure Setup Cluster Pressure Setup ctl This control contains the basic pressure metrics calculations setup Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 173 Drivven Inc DCAT Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Volume Liter Array Volume ctl Calculated volume of the cylinder as a function of the crank angle Volume Liter Single Float Cylinder Volume Pressure reentrant normal priority This VI calculates the basic pressure metrics cylinder peak pressure the location of the cylinder peak pressure the polytropic coefficient for expansion the polytropic coefficient for compression the exhaust pressure and the intake pressure Engine Setup Pressure Setup Absolute Cylinder Pressure Volume Liter Status in Pressure Results Status out PolyE PolyC
43. has the option to filter the value using a simple weighted history and a PID controller for the engine as a whole or each cylinder individually fa 4 DCATAdvanced User Interface vi DRIVVEN 553 585 Speed RPM 8798213 Timer us 291 Cyde l RTQueue Semm H RTAlignBuffer NCQueue mE 0 i PNE NENEN 817 883 MB PlotScale 0 00 360 to 360 lo lo P lo lo lo lo 0 D P lo P Computer Activated ADWL JHFJ 50 RollingAvaSize 1 UpdateStats Figure 49 Next Cycle Control Tab Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 55 Drivven Inc DCAT Calculation Setup and Results Many of the combustion analysis calculations require additional setup The additional setup parameters may be found on the following tabs The individual numerical results are displayed in the tables having columns for each cylinder The arrays of angle based data are displayed in plots Each calculated table value has rolling statistics associated with it The displayed statistics may be turned off by un checking the control next to the table Each individual plot can be configured for auto scaling or manual scaling of the Y axis by right clicking on the scale and checking or un checking the AutoScale menu item There are three parameters on the bottom right side bar for configuring the Crank Angle Degrees CAD scale Pressure Metrics The Pressure Metrics tab shown in Figu
44. kPa Single Float Displays the peak to peak knock intensity value Knock Setup Cluster Knock Setup ctl This control contains the knock calculation setup LocationMethod Enum U32 Specifies the method used to window the knock data Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 96 Drivven Inc DCAT 0 Percentage of Cycle Fast Determines the window locations using a percentage of the cycle without consideration of the encoder signal This method is faster but less accurate than the alternative methods 1 Exact Crank Angle Slow Determines the window locations using the encoder signal This method is slower but more accurate than the alternative methods StartKnock CAD Single Float Specifies the start of the knock window StartReference CAD Single Float Specifies the start of the reference window WindowLength CAD Single Float Specifies the length of the knock and reference windows LowCutoffFrequency kHz Single Float Specifies the lower cutoff frequency of the knock filter HighCutoffFrequency kHz Single Float Specifies the upper cutoff frequency of the knock filter Asynchronous Boolean Specifies the source of the knock signal ForwardCoefficients Array Specifies the forward filter coefficients 1st dimension corresponds to each element in the Coefficient Sample Rate and Filter Structure arrays The second dimension represents the set of coefficients ReverseCoefficients Array Specifi
45. length to window used in pegging the cylinder pressure PegPolyC Polytropic Coefficient Single Float Specifies the PolyC value used in polytropic pegging Pressure Ratio Results Cluster Pressure Ratio Results ctl This control contains the pressure ratio calculations results PR 10 Single Float Displays the pressure ratio at 10 CAD PR 25 Single Float Displays the pressure ratio at 25 CAD FPR Single Float Displays the final pressure ratio PRM10 Single Float Displays the pressure ratio management timing parameter at 10 CAD PRM25 Single Float Displays the pressure ratio management timing parameter at 25 CAD DILPAR Single Float Displays the pressure ratio management dilution parameter MPR Single Float Displays the modified pressure ratio PR 0 Single Float Displays the pressure ratio at 0 CAD Pressure Results Cluster Pressure Results ctl This control contains the basic pressure metrics calculations results PP kPa abs Array Displays the peak pressure calculations results LPP CAD Array Displays the location of peak pressure calculations results MPR kPa CAD Array Displays the maximum pressure rise calculations results Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 102 Drivven Inc DCAT LMPR CAD Array Displays the location of maximum pressure rise calculations results PolyC Array Displays the polytropic coefficient of compression calculations results PolyE Array D
46. noted gt The current tab in the main tab control controls the state of the real time application The Measurement Setup and Engine Setup tabs i 2 tabs place the real time application is a setup state and the rest of the tables place the real time application in the running state When streaming to disk the setup tabs are disables This prevents the user from stopping the saving by accidently selecting the wrong tab When saving a summary file all the tabs are disabled except the summary and saving tabs This keeps the user from changing the calculations in the middle of a file some calculations need to execute every loop strip chart and others only need to execute when they are visible table of current values The calculation that only need to execute when visible may be placed in the case structure based on the current tab The calculations that need to execute every time need to be placed outside the case structure based on the current tab Calculated results are used on multiple tabs and in strip charts that always need to update so they need to be placed off the tab control so that they will continually update Before the user interface can run the Connected CalPoint needs to be updated 2x to ensure that all the CalPoint values have been updated once If not the initialization may happen with bad values Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 40 Drivven Inc DCAT Running the DCATAdvanced Example The DCAT
47. period from the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 211 Drivven Inc DCAT SamplePerid s Time ms Double Float Sample Period s Time ms Speed RPM Time ms Cycle Array STC ctl This array control contains the speed time and cycle The 0 index in the array is always speed The 1 index is always time The 2 index is always cycle number This array is only used by uDCAT Value Double Float Speed Time or Cycle Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Stop Boolean Stop ctl This control stops the VI and clears the stored data in the VI It should be used during the last loop of the cycle Fe Synchronous Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample uAsynchronous Array uAsynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sampl
48. point second order Butterworth filter The Filter Cutoff frequency must be less than half the sample rate A Filter Cutoff frequency of 0 turns the filter off The FPGA DAQ Setup tab shown in Figure 41 contains all the setup parameters needed to collect display FPGA data The tab control contains an easy to use XControl designed to allow the user to configure all properties All FRGA Data in the FIFO will be recorded in the raw data file regardless of the setup However only the data corresponding to a specified ID number in the setup XControl will be displayed averaged and saved in the summary data file The XControl contains 2 parts measurement editing and the summary of measurements The user may select a measurement from the summary table to edit Once selected the measurement configuration may be altered in the editing section New measurements may be added using the Insert button Selected measurements may be removed using the Delete button The Sort buttons may be used to order the measurements by ID number The FPGA FIFO data is set up to scale measurements based on a gain and offset Care should be taken when scaling the data The FPGA Data only supports integer formats and therefore may require scaling a bit count to engineering units The sample rate of the FPGA data is determined in the FPGA Each ID may have its own sample rate Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 45 Drivven Inc DCATAdvanced User Inter Figure
49. relationship Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 18 Drivven Inc DCAT DCAT LabVIEW RT Palette The DCAT LabVIEW RT palette found under the Drivven gt DrivvenCAT menu consists of Vis that can be placed in a LabVIEW RT application Please use the Context Help for detailed information on each of the Vlis in the toolkit The Vis are colored based on their functionality Icon Body Color Yellow Acquire engine synchronous and a synchronous data i Purple File Saving raw data and summary data to file i Orange Pre Process Filtering etc ESLLLS ECA Cf aaa a E Ion aa zg Icon Title Color Yellow Custom Control Ip Valid for Real Time or Post Processing ial Valid for Post Processing Only EEN BESCH oH ed EHS E Sab Figure 10 DCAT Pallet Menu Bev p gas VIEWS OTF Post Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 19 Drivven Inc DCAT Creating the DCAT Simple Example The DCAT toolkit was designed to have a simple data flow as shown in Figure 11 After the data is acquired by the DAQ blocks it is split into two paths In the downward path the raw data is streamed to disk using the File palette In the upper path the Pre Process Process and Statistical palettes are used to filter analyze and reduce the data respectively Each block provides its resulting data to the CalVIEW based display panel over
50. some criteria Example if you need to determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire Pressure Results Array This array control contains pressure metrics results Pressure Results Cluster Pressure Results ctl This control contains the basic pressure metrics calculations results Pressure Stats Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains the statistical cluster Each element in the array correlates to a calculated value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Read Raw Cycle Data normal priority This VI uses the Synchronous and Asynchronous raw data to create a set of cycle arrays that are scaled and ready for processing This VI should run one time with the TDMS file to open and initialize the file and then it can be run with the cylinder and cycle inputs to return a single cylinder and cycle Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 128 Drivven Inc DCAT Engine Setup Asynchronous Channels CAD Vol liter dVol lit Synchronous Channels Medium Speed out tdms file in tdms file out Open File F i synchronous Cylinder Speed RPM Timel ms Cycle Cycle Synchronous Digital error in Asynchronous error out FPGA FIFO Data Se
51. tab There are several types of filters that may be selected with the FilterMethodX drop down including Rolling N Cycles Forward and Reverse IIR FIR Filter with Rollback and Boxcar A comparison of these filters is beyond the scope of this manual When a filter type is selected only the configuration parameters for that filter type will be shown The filters are applied to the measurements before being displayed on all other plots An ensemble average of each measurement may also be used by pressing the EnsembleEnable button When using the ensemble average a specified number of cycles EnsembleSize are averaged at each crank angle and the averaged results are used in the calculations Increasing EnsembleSize will reduce the rate at which the calculations are performed DCATAdvanced User Interface vi 2226167 Timer us 2 Cyde i RTQueue fa Rm RTAlignBuffer Fiter13 Fitter 19 Filter 15 Filter 16 d Lo Filter 10 Filter 11 Fiter 12 pap Fiter7 Filter 8 Fiter 2 Filter3 Filter 4 FilterMethod1 Forward and Reverse CPU 10 Frequency1 jj 100 2 P FilterOrder 1 ii RAM 812 51 MB PlotScale 360 to 360 RollingAvaSize UpdateStats Figure 44 Filtering Tab Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 51 Drivven Inc Viewing All Waveforms DCAT The Data tabs shown in Figure 45 through Figure 47 displays all the measurements associated with a single cy
52. the DAQ system The first dimension corresponds to each channel of digital data The second dimension corresponds to each sample Digital Sample Boolean Digital Sample Synchronous Measurements Array Synchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the synchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Filter Top Level normal priority This VI filters the signals based on one of several methods This VI filters up to 16 Cylinders of Data and 16 different filter definitions None Performs no filtering to the signal Rolling N Cycles Averages last N Cycles ever cycle Slow Forward and Reverse IIR Filtering with a O phase shift but shrinks the data set FIR Filter w Rollback Filters data and then applies a negative phase shift Boxcar Average Averages N points before and after every point for the value of the point Asynchronous Measurements Synchronous Measurements Synchronous out 7 Asynchronous out Ha Status out Asynchronous Measurements Array Asynchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the asynchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single me
53. the code including the outer case structure and the two small while loops initializes CalVIEW and monitors the memory and CPU usage of the real time controller lower while loops Please see the CalVIEW User s Manual for detailed instructions on using CalVIEW DCAT Control RunState _o IC tStan scr Control RunSta Run State iPlotind ea lotScald oH DCAT Control DCAT Contro DCAT Control Plo Il a EJ cE pommi Figure 28 CalVIEW and controller monitoring Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 32 Drivven Inc DCAT a CalVIEW control and CalVIEW Master The CalVIEW master should control the outermost case structure The Control CalVIEW VI should be outside all loops Please see the CalVIEW manual for details b Real time controller status Gets the current CPU RAM and HDD use On windows systems only the HDD information is available c Checks the DCAT state The two states are Running and Setup d CalPoints to hold display configuration information 2 This section of code runs periodically when the program is in setup mode This section of code calculates all of the parameters that can be set during setup It currently only contains geometry calculations Engines i Setup g be Gvchme Liter SCH dVolume Liter Cylinder Area m2 Figure 29 Setup Calculations a Engine setup cluster is created using CalPoints b Crank Angle Cylinder Volu
54. the data plot x y graph Medium Speed Data Refnum This control contains the reference to the data Medium Speed Data Size 132 This control contains the size of the medium speed data Medium Speed Signal Names String This control contains the signal names separated by a comma SyncCrank Angle Refnum This control is a reference to a crank angle array Control NC Finish Angle Plot reentrant normal priority This VI may be used to control a gauge indicator to that represents the finishing angle s of the next cycle calculations Stroke 4 Cylinderlount 16 NC Cutoff CAD Finish Angle Plot Finish Angl NC AlarmAngle CAD Gauge Display Cylinder OtherStrokes CylinderCount 16 U32 Numbers of cylinders to be calculated This value must be greater than or equal to the number of cylinders calculated Applying a number less than 16 allows the array sizes to be reduced to the actual size needed and operate more efficiently Display Cylinder 132 This control specifies the cylinder to display on the plot Finish Angle Plot Refnum This control contains the reference to the plot of the finish angle Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 189 Drivven Inc DCAT Finish Angles Array This control contains the finishing angles to be plotted Finish Angle Refnum Finishing Angles Gauge Refnum This control contains the reference to a gauge display to show the finish angles NC_AlarmAngle CAD Si
55. the network The statistically reduced data is logged to summary files using the file pallet The saved raw data file and statistical summary file can be further analyzed off line using the Post Process Pre Process Process and Statistical palettes for custom reporting within LabVIEW or Excel The open architecture of DCAT allows users to pull data out of the Pre Processing and Processing steps to add their own calculations and displays Real Time Display Real Time SEB BBB RBBB BRB BRB RBPBeeee ee Ennan BEE RB BRB SB RPRB PBB RPP RKRKRKRRKRKRRKKERKRKRKRKRKRI Post Processing Report Post Process EZ Figure 11 Data Flow Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 20 Drivven Inc DCAT Figure 12 Target Program Flow We will now walk through the steps of creating a simple DCAT project from scratch Please note that some of the VI have large block diagrams and my require opening the files to view their details of the block diagrams The example application was designed to e Save a summary and raw data files e Calculate basic pressure metrics PP locPP etc e Use an encoder and cam signal 1 Create a LabVIEW project a SEN Add a real time target this example focuses on using the PXI chassis as a real time controller Add an FPGA target to the real time target Create a user interface VI in the my computer target Create a target VI on th
56. time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Volume Liter Array Volume ctl Calculated volume of the cylinder as a function of the crank angle Volume Liter Single Float Cylinder Volume Wiebe Parameters RT reentrant subroutine This VI calculates the Wiebe Parameters alpha beta from a pair of burned duration x mass fraction burned F pairs It also requires a combustion efficiency eff alpha In 1 eff beta In In F2 In F1 In x1 x2 Wiebe Function x 1 exp alpha F beta 1 Combustion Efficiency Location of Mass fraction B Alpha Location of Mass Fraction B Beta Mass Fraction Burned 1 Mass Fraction Burned 2 Alpha Double Float Wiebe Parameter Alpha Beta Double Float Wiebe Parameter Beta Combustion Efficiency Double Float This control defines the combustion efficiency The combustion efficiency is used to calculate alpha Location of Mass Fraction Burned 2 CAD Double Float This control defines the location of mass fraction burned of the second pair Location of Mass fraction Burned 1 CAD Double Float This control defines the location of mass fraction burned of the first pair Mass Fraction Burned 1 Double Float This control defines the mass fraction burned of the first pair Mass Fraction Burned 2 Double Float This control defines the mass fraction burned of the second pair St
57. to the disk requires that the speed of the hard drive is fast enough to keep up with the data waiting to write to it Disk access is typically between 10MB s and 70MB s However due to seek times and writing header information the actual speed at which the system can stream data to disk may be slower The throughput of a specific HDD is dependant on many factors including the type of hard drive and the system that it is installed in DCAT will buffer data in the ram if the disk is not fast enough to stream all the data to disk However the buffers have limited space and cannot sustain continuous streaming if the disk is not fast enough 50000 dees 10 MB s S 30 MB s RER 4 50 MB s ve 70 MB s g 30000 Q o 25000 E 20000 S 15000 10000 5000 0 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 Samples per Rotation Figure 69 Hard Drive Performance The data above was calculated using the following equation 60 000 000 DS SR 32 8 Where MS Maximum Speed RPM SR Sample per Rotation DS Disk Speed MB s Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 83 Drivven Inc DCAT Frequently Asked Questions How do add my own calculations to DCAT o To add custom calculations add them to the real time processing loop There are a variety of different settings arrays and cluster Please feel free to use existing setup informa
58. 0 to 90 CAD Pi P1 V V1 An PMEPalt PMEP PMEP1 PMEP2 IMEPalt IMEP PMEP1 PMEP2 IMEP Gross Indicated Mean Effective Pressure kPa PMEP Pumping Indicated Mean Effective Pressure kPa P Instantaneous Pressure kPa dV Differential Volume liter Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 166 Drivven Inc DCAT Vd Displacement Volume liter Pi Instantaneous Ideal Pressure kPa P1 Reference Pressure kPa V1 Reference Volume kPa n Specific Heat Ratio dVolume liter Absolute Cylinder Pressure Volume Liter Status in MEPalt Results Status out Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Array Absolute Cylinder Pressure ctl Absolute cylinder pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Single Float Absolute Cylinder Pressure Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information MEPalt Results Cluster MEPalt Results ctl This control contains the MEP calculations results Pressure Results Cluster Pressure Results ctl This control contains the basic pressure metrics calculations results Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl
59. 009 DCAT e Version 2 90 103 Drivven Inc DCAT StartPolyE CAD Single Float Specifies the start of the polytropic coefficient of expansion calculation window EndPolyE CAD Single Float Specifies the end of the polytropic coefficient of expansion calculation window Save Setup Cluster Save Setup ctl This control contains the file saving setup SaveMethod Enum U32 Specifies the method used to end the file 0 Cycles Timed Size Stops the file when any of the desired conditions are met 1 Cycles Stops the file when the desired number of cycle has been collected 2 Timed Stops the file when the desired time has been collected 3 Size Stops the file when the desired file size is met MaxSize MB Single Float Specifies the maximum file size when using a save method that uses file size as a stopping condition FileName String Specifies the name of the file to save The file name will automatically convert XXX to the current file number The file name will also automatically convert the file name using the standard time formats MaxCycles 132 Specifies the maximum file cycles when using a save method that uses file cycles as a stopping condition MaxTime s Single Float Specifies the maximum file time when using a save method that uses file time as a stopping condition Path Path Specifies the folder path were data is to be saved StartCounter 132 Determines the file number when the reset coun
60. 178 254 625 0 33426 75 1127 586456 Maximum Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 2 641693711 28 26742744 1 076011777 2 8040151 9 226884642 7633623362 8 3407865265 7425747671 2 588683426 6 221258879 2 495105982 63 04363632 22 80360746 13 27657399 26 02618775 75 08926108 9 724574804 1 862509649 0 0 048874358 0 038156094 Description N _ArrayColumn Description Coefficient of Variance Mean 5638 233765 1 815000057 1 037295341 1 000904739 75 88676262 93 58624649 978 3118286 0 757499993 221 8386841 20 537148 201 301506 0 063247835 0 14106125 0 74751547 1 385801017 2 982174933 91 42874336 263 4000092 0 33389 625 1126 359283 Start Index Figure 60 Summary File Import to Excel Ni_ArrayColumn Standard Deviation Start Index LO OO d OO On Es Wh CH 198 5931473 0 684071794 0 014881893 0 037420694 9 335978508 9 525361776 108 7985229 0 075000057 7 656934977 2 251216114 6 696914434 0 053164981 0 042889405 0 132345859 0 480931833 2 985724926 11 65474157 6 61137414 0 21 75861883 0 57303299 Drivven Inc DCAT Example Post Processing Summary Files The summary post processing example is set up to display all of the configuration information and allow the user to easily insert their own post processing code The front panel contains a tab control and several buttons to load and view files The slider controls the cycle displayed in the graphs and tables The button
61. 19 20 Cylinder_1 Channel Peak Pressure kPa abs LOC PP CAD PolyC PolyE MPR Location CAD IMEP kPa PMEP kPa NMEP kPa 5 MRB CAD 10 MFB CAD 50 MFB CAD 75 MFB CAD 90 MFB CAD Max HRR CAD LOC Max HRR CAD Misfire Cycle Number Speed Message Error Ensemble Average Channel Pcyl kPa _1 Inject_Current A _1 Rail Pressure bar 1 Temperature K _1 Heat Release J CAD _1 MFB Fraction 1 Ready Intake Pressure kPa abs Exhaust Pressure kPa abs Max Press Rise kPa CAD Ensemble Average 11 Datatype DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_STRING DT_STRING Datatype DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT DT_FLOAT 720 720 720 720 720 720 A3 H 4 gt rh Summary_001 root Cylinder_1 Ensemble Average Minimum 5190 849976 1 5 0 985251635 0 884210229 40 03009701 57 17280006 739 2883301 0 75 204 4370499 26 38108921 186 6294708 0 292098999 0 032730103 0 538764954 0 852653503 1 112411499 63 28506088 268 875 0 33352 5 1124 898102 Minimum Maximum 6198 100342 5 25 1 079280943 1 106829375 109 6497002 129 7148895 1264 801025 1 5 241 8543091 13 73475409 219 9280243 0 207183838 0 311576843 1 210098267 2 903182983 19 8550415 126 4829
62. 2 bit word is encoded with 1 start bit logic high and 2 stop bits logic low The rising edge of the first start bit coincides with the rising edge of the first sample clock after the start trigger Each data bit is encoded with 2 sample clocks It is required by the user to ensure that all data bits can fit within the number of sample clocks within each engine cycle Otherwise the decoding logic will be out of sync The first VI in the daisy chain should have a constant FALSE boolean wired to the Serialln input The EncABOut and EncZOut outputs of the DCAT Sample Supervisor should be wired to the ClockIn and StartTrigger respectively The SerialOut EndTrigger and ClockOut outputs should be wired directly to the Serialln StartT rigger and ClocklIn of the next daisy chained VI Only one data type may be serialized to one data stream g lteg ES ipii ecceeeeeeensseeensne Lertaliut Leralln ae p ere i EndTrigger Sta ttTrigger e i ClodkOut Clockln noai Z Clockin Boolean Sample Clock In ClockOut Boolean Sample Clock Out EndTrigger Boolean Start Trigger Out Serialln Boolean Serial Data Line In SerialOut Boolean Serial Data Line Out StartTrigger Boolean Start Trigger In U32Data U32 This control contains the data to be encoded Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 216 Drivven Inc DCAT dcat_data8_reva reentrant normal priority This VI accepts a single U8 input value and serializes it with a UART protoco
63. 41 Medium Speed FPGA DAQ Setup Tab Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 PlotScale 360 to 360 ComputerID RunState ep RollingAvgSize 1 UpdateStats 46 Drivven Inc DCAT Engine Setup The Engine Setup tab shown in Figure 42 is a collection of engine geometry parameters The EngineName ProjectName and Operator are strings that are saved in the output file for reference They are not use in the program The engine geometry and valve timings are used throughout the program for various calculation sets and should always be fully specified HeadArea and CrownArea parameters are entered as percentages of the bore area For example HeadArea and CrownArea set to 100 assumes that the head portion of the combustion chamber and piston top are flat and meet at TDC HeadArea and CrownArea set to 120 assumes that those surfaces have 20 more surface area than the bore area These parameters should only be adjusted above 100 if heat release is calculated using heat transfer The EncoderResolution and TDC_Offset must be defined for DCAT to function properly TDC Offset must be in terms of whole encoder pulses Please note that TDC_Offset is a user specified value and the Actual_ TDC_ Offset is the closest possible value To seta partial encoder pulse TDC offset use the TDC_Fine_Adj on the motoring tab The EncoderExtrapLevel needs to match the EPT VI used in the FRGA The DCAT Advanced example is set up with the 2 4 6 and
64. 6 Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 129 Drivven Inc DCAT FPGA FIFO Data Array FPGA FIFO Data ctl FPGA Data array contains the samples recorded by the FPGA The first dimension in the array corresponds to the Time ms ID Data The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample FPGA Data Double Float FPGA Data First Cycle U32 This control displays the cycle number of the first available cycle Last Cycle U32 This control displays the cycle number of the last available cycle Medium Speed out Array Medium Speed sgl ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Medium Speed Sample Open File F Boolean When true the TDMS file will be opened and initialized SamplePeriod s Array SamplePeriod ctl Synchronous array contains the sample period from the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays
65. 8 bits of extrapolation VIs in the FPGA The current EPT is set by the EncoderExtrapLevel and defaults to 2 if an invalid number is used The final resolution sampled by the DAQ system is displayed as the SampleResolution The SampleResolution may be modified using the EncoderExtrapEnable EncoderExtrapLevel and EncoderDivide EncoderDivide always affects the SampleResolution and should not be less than 1 However the EncoderExtrapLevel only affects it when EncoderExtrapEnable is true If the encoder setup results in a fractional sample resolution the EncoderResolution is used as the SampleResolution The asynchronous sampling resolutions are set by the AsyncRate control The MaxSpeed is used to determine if the encoder signal recorded with the asynchronous measurements needs to be reduced to a lower resolution The resolution may be divided to ensure that every encoder pulse is clearly distinguishable at the maximum engine speed Misfire detection monitors the absolute peak combustion pressure or the NMEP The misfire calculations must be enabled by pressing the MisFireCalcs button on the Measurement Setup tab Each option for MisfireMethod is described below Peak Pressure Absolute Misfire is detected when the measured peak pressure falls below the specified PressureThreshold NMEP Absolute Misfire is detected when the calculated NMEP falls below the specified PressureThreshold Peak Pressure of Historic Misfire is detected when the
66. 9 e DCAT e Version 2 90 38 Drivven Inc DCAT ticks 5 Default Geh FPGA Example EPTControl ExtrapLevel _veaj Cronk Stalied EPTControl NumberOfCrankTeeth ua D rankStalle F J EPTData CrankStalled EPTControl Stroke _ TF oe 4 Ra Synctopperl FJ EPTData SyncStopped a i ssn 1 ontrol CrankStallPeriod SS S d MissedCrankFlag F EPTData MissedCrankFla ontrol ountSta G EES a ree o H 2 ami DCAT CycleCount ontrol PeriodAccum q Te opine erotice Dr iapa DCAT FreeTimer us ar SE 15 EPTData CurrentPosit P EAEE fe E o VE TETEP TData CrankCount DCAT StartTime us ontrol MissedCrankFla Be make T mc eng 5 j i amplingCyc 5 5 EPTCo DCAT EncABDivide Lute d EPtGentrel SmCrank iafurstie S DCAT EncZOffset Deg uae G 5 DCAT EncZOffsetEn cb a DCAT ClkGenPeriod Luts PositionSig CamSetHigh EZE e SS f PositionSig InvertCamPhase TER TS IDCAT PulseBuffer PositionSig InvertEncA TEI PositionSi Cambten PositionSig InvertEncZ TF1 i gt DCAT MaxSampleRate PositionSig CamExten D 5 b D 5 b ie 6 ak Start Trigger H o JD Ke Po esitionSig CountReset CTE aie ositionSig H S Ae Filt Ca F 16 Positionsig a ey ete d Je D 3 eg Scones Dar a b c RemEnable Trig4 Seet i F F PositionSig EncZ nese Ei PositionSig EncZOffsetEn fah
67. A to the specified units Filter Setup Cluster Filter Setup ctl This control contains the filter setup FilterMethod Enum U32 Specifies the filtering method Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 92 Drivven Inc DCAT 0 None No filtering is applied to the measurements 1 Rolling N Cycles Uses a rolling average method 2 Forward and Reverse IIR Applies an IIR filter in forward and reverse directions to remove the phase shift 3 FIR Filter w Rollback Applies a FIR filter and shifts the data by the phase shift 4 Boxcar Average Averages each sample with the samples on each side of the current sample Frequency Single Float Specifies the filter cutoff frequency as a percent of the Nyquist frequency It is used with the Forward and Reverse IIR filter and the FIR Filter w Rollback FilterN 132 Specifies the number of cycles to use with the Rolling N Cycles method and the number of sample on each side of the current sample to average in the Boxcar Average method FilterOrder 132 Specifies the order of the filter It is used with the Forward and Reverse IIR filter and the FIR Filter w Rollback Filter Setups Array Filter Setups ctl This control contains the array of filter setup clusters Each element in the array contains the setup information for a different filter Filter Setup Cluster Filter Setup ctl This control contains the filter setup Heat Release Results Cluster Heat Release Results ct
68. AT vag PL YUPSILIVIT EE VE Ze E e g O Daa ta pr e IEN Queue i Kl CAT Control NCQueueError pSa0 DCAT Control NCQueue EN D ETE JIRT Queue LU Kr CAT Control RT QueueError esch CAT Control RTQueue kene p ST Queue ESP Gem SECHER a CAT Control RawQueue l Keng al e E a Orun Sate vn D a iteration Duration ei ege RESbag us Seng mees r p CAT Control DAQLoopTime Figure 34 Data Acquisition Loop a Acquire Data Configures the DAQmx tasks and hardware timing based on the user defined settings The VI returns the entire available DAQmx buffers each time the VI runs b Read FPGA Data FIFO Reads the all the elements in the FPGA Data FIFO and passes them to the quiues c Write All Queues The data is written to a set of queues to be read in other parts of the application The status of the queues is also checked to verify that they have not completely filled or caused an error d FPGA Control All FPGA interface is handled through this VI The FPGA is used to generate the engine synchronous and time synchronous clocks to the DAQ cards 7 Streaming Loop The Streaming timed loop is set to a lower priority than the DAQ loop but higher than the processing loop Stream Raw Data To Disk Source Name THEA Disk Full Data ki DCAT Control RawError i TER error source pE DCAT Control RawErrorT ext TA A ED PCAT Raw RawFileProgress l SE Ec DCAT Raw RawPath DCAT Raw Start StopRawFild ec DCAT Raw Raw Counter Iteration
69. Acoustic Array Synchronous Acoustic ctl Synchronous acoustic data as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 154 Drivven Inc DCAT Synchronous Acoustic Single Float Synchronous Acoustic Measurement Fe Synchronous Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Synchronous Measurements Array Synchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the synchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Volume Array normal priority This VI generates an array of CAD positions to match the encoder resolution and engine setup Matching cylinder volume and volume difference array are also created The volume difference is created by calculating the volume half way between the CAD measurements This V
70. Advanced example should be copied to a new location before changing any of the files Failure to move the files may result in custom changes being overwritten when upgrading to newer version of DCAT The DCAT advanced example is located at C Program Files Drivven DCAT DCAT Advanced The folder contains the example project DCATAdvanced Ivproj which is set up to run DCAT on a PXI chassis with a PXI 7831R in slot 2 The PXI 7831R is set up to have a NI 9151 on connector 1 with a 9411 in slot 1 This should be change to match the desired hardware setup Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 41 Drivven Inc DCAT Starting DCATAdvanced Example 1 Start the DCATAdvanced project 2 Verify that the IP address of the PXI chassis is correct 3 Open the DCAT Advanced FPGA VI and compile it if needed 4 Open the DCAT Advanced Target Program VI and verify that there are no errors 5 Run the CalVIEW Master VI on the block diagram of the DCATAdvanced Target Program VI The CalVIEW Master VI should always run before deploying the target Please refer to the CalVIEW user s manual for more details on CalVIEW 6 Run the DCATAdvanced Target Program VI The Activated and Init OK indicators should turn green DiskFul o DAQ us RT Queue 9 RT us A ST Queue 9 Raw us Nc Queue 9 NC us Activated Init OK I DCATAdvanced lwproj P amp I m a Ifthe InitOK light remains red ple
71. CAT VIs and that it returns the Activated flag true Why do the timed loops behaving strangely o Timed loops must be configured to Discard Missed Periods and to not Maintain Original Phase o Timed loops should be set to a resetting timing source This will reset the counter back to zero when DCAT switches to the running state Why does the real time controller crashed without warning o Reboot the controller and try running the application again o lt may be possible to exceed the total physical memory of real time system In this case the real time controller will most likely crash real time systems do not have virtual memory The memory should be monitored using one of the tools available with LabVIEW Remove some of the memory use or add more memory to the system to prevent the crashes Please check with National Instruments for details on upgrading memory in a real time system Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 87 Drivven Inc DCAT Appendix A Toolkit Vis The toolkit VIs documentation in the following section may also be accessed in the context help in LabVIEW To access the context help press Ctrl H in LabVIEW and place your cursor over the VI that you wish to see a description of Custom Control Clusters Asynchronous Channels Array Asynchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the asynchronous measurements Each element in the arr
72. Cycle Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Synchronous Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample uAsynchronous Array uAsynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Double Float Asynchronous Sample uST FIFO Write normal priority This VI takes the raw data and writes it to a queue that can be read by the streaming to disk VIs Sl Queue Overflow synchronous Queue Use Fraction u synchronous Pp Letzte out Medium Speed SamplePeriod s Time rms Speed RPM Time ms Cycle Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 213 Drivven Inc DCAT Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Medium Speed Array Medium Speed ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisi
73. DRIVVEN Drivven Combustion Analysis Toolkit DCAT User s Manual Version 2 90 July 2010 Drivven Inc e 12001 Network Blvd Bldg E Suite 110 San Antonio Texas 78249 e USA Phone 210 248 9308 Web www drivven com E mail info drivven com Drivven Inc DCAT Table of Contents COCU e EE 3 INStalING anaVACUVaUhG GAL EE 6 el ele Will EE 8 DCAT Hardware SCLUD EE 9 Encoder setup and ODMONS EE 14 IR Bleid EE 18 DCAT LabVIEW INT EE Ee 19 Creating the DCAT Simple Example n nnannnannnannennnannnnenarennenrrnsnnnrrrvnrrsnernrrnnernreenresnene 20 Reviewing the DCAT Advanced Example nnnanannnennsnnnnnnnnnrnnnnnrrnnrnnrrnnrnrrrnnrrenrnnrrnnne 30 Reviewing the DCATAdvanced Target VI 32 Reviewing the DCATAdvanced FPGA MI 38 Reviewing the DCATAdvanced User ntertaceyl ccc cecccsececeeeeseeeeaeeeeeeesaeeesaees 40 Running the DCATAdvanced Example nnannennnannnnnnennnnnnnnnnrnnnnnnrrnnrnrrennenrrrnnrrenennrrnnne 41 Starting DCATAdvanced Example nnannnannannnannnnnnrrnonrrrnrrnrrnnernrrnnrrnrrrnresrernrrnnererenne 42 Measurement and Engine Getunp 43 Measurement EE eegene eege eet gege Ees 43 Medium Speed FPGA DAQ Getunp ccc cecccccecccceeceeceeeesseecesseeeeseeeeessaeeeseneeesaaees 45 ENGO S e WEE 47 Motoring TDC Alignment and Pegging n nnonnnannnnnnnnnnnnnsnnnnnnsnnnerrnrrnnrnnrrsnrnerrsnrrennne 49 SC ne GE E 51 VIEewWING AI Waveform Sasian aaia aa a a a aa a a aise a ea Ra 52 PA
74. Da nn WEE 54 NEX OVCE CONTON arin Mere E el Ee E Ny Geet S 55 Calculation Setup and ME UC 56 POS SUMO MEIOS EE 56 PICA EE een ee ee 57 P OCK EE 58 Viewing Trends and Summary Data 60 ONS EE 60 Be CIN e ss aetna as cere cae aes E ei coats acta dee ee cee ete 61 e Kilo ten EE 62 COUN E E reece et nn ee ee ee a ee 64 Overview of the UDCAT Exvample 65 Creating a Post Processor Application cccccsscccsecccseeceeeeceuceceueeceueecueessueeseueessueenaaes 66 Opening TDMS Files in Excel eege EE 67 Example Post Processing Summary Eles 68 Opening a ER E 70 Example Post Processing Raw Fil S cccccccssseccssseeeceseeessseeceeseeseeseeseueeeseueeeneas 72 CaSe SlUdi sigs erect atthe search Sanat ahi eastern Gl adel erties dale 14 NINSA ENGIN EE 15 NEIE EE TT EELER 80 VAN weil Te In e EE 81 PAST FAO WAN Geisa sec ce cana sien ee ees ech ca mt eee a a elie 82 El D EE EE EE 83 Frequently Asked Questions EE EE 84 ADDENGIX AY POOIKIE EE 88 Appendix B Referentes EE 229 Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 2 Drivven Inc DCAT Introduction The Drivven Combustion Analysis Toolkit is a unique LabVIEW based VI toolkit enabling users to integrate sophisticated combustion analysis and logging with engine control applications The toolkit includes over 75 custom analysis functions front panel controls and utilities including data streaming to disk pre processing heat release and pressure metrics summary da
75. Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 110 Drivven Inc DCAT Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Next Cycle Cluster Loop Setup ctl This control contains loop setup information Real Time Processing Cluster Loop Setup ctl This control contains loop setup information Save Raw Data Cluster Loop Setup ctl This control contains loop setup information Next Cycle FIFO Read normal priority This VI reads the queue of raw data for the next cycle control Medium Speed Synchronous SamplePeriod s Time ms FPGA FIFO Data Asynchronous Status out Asynchronous Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample FPGA FIFO Data Array FPGA FIFO Data ctl FPGA Data array contains the samples recorded by the FPGA The first dimension in the array corresponds to the Time ms ID Data The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample FPGA Data Double Float FPGA Data Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Medium Speed Array Medium Speed ctl Medium Speed array
76. I also calculates the surface area of the cylinder at each crank angle Two sets of calculations are used one if the pin offset is set to zero Faster and another is the pin offset is not zero Slower The arrays may also be created from a file containing the Crank Angle Volume dVolume and Cylinder Area in each column The data should be separated by a comma The data should cover an entire engine cycle The data will be interpolated if the data is not at the correct resolution Engine Setup Crank Angle ATDC Volume Liter dVolurme Liter Status out Cylinder Area mz Status in Crank Angle ATDC Array Crank Angle ctl Crank angle associated with each element in the sampling resolution Crank Angle CAD Single Float Crank Angle associated with a specific element in the sampled array Cylinder Area m2 Array Cylinder Area ctl Calculated area of the cylinder walls including the piston and the head as a function of the crank angle Cylinder Area m2 Single Float Cylinder Area Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 155 Drivven Inc DCAT Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Volume Liter Array Volume ctl Calculated cylinder volume as a function of crank an
77. Is Current Path Path This control displays the current file path A path is only displayed when a file is in the process of saving Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 117 Drivven Inc DCAT Cycle U32 Cycle ctl Cylinder associated with the current data set A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or 0 is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Engine Speed RPM Single Float Engine Speed ctl Engine Speed for the current cycle of data It is updated once every cycle File Counter 132 Displays the current position of the file counter This number is used in the name of the next file if desired Overwrite File Boolean This control displays true if the current settings for the file name and path already contain a file This is the only warning that a file will be overwritten Progress Fraction Single Float This control displays the current file progress as a fraction of the specified file size Save Setup Cluster Save Setup ctl This control contains the file saving setup Start Stop Summary Boolean This control starts or stops the summary file saving on the rising edge Stats Data Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains the Statistical cluster Each element in the array correl
78. O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Data Array This array control contains the serialized data stream that is to be decoded into a cycle number cycle period and FPGA timer Bit Boolean A single bit in the data stream Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 194 Drivven Inc DCAT Period ticks U32 Period ctl Period of a single engine rotation It can be inverted to determine the engine speed Timer us U32 Timer ctl Timer contains the current value of the FPGA free timer The time is updated once every cycle DeSerializeU16 reentrant subroutine This VI de serializes a U16 number from the DCAT digital data Data EE Number Data Array This array control contains the serialized data stream that is to be decoded into a cycle number cycle period and FPGA timer Bit Boolean A single bit in the data stream Number U16 This control is the de serialized U16 number DeSerializeU32 reentrant subroutine This control is the de serialized U8 number Data En number Data Array This array control contains the serialized data stream that is to be decoded into a cycle number cycle period and FPGA timer Bit Boolean A single bit in the data stream Number U32 DeSerializeU8 reentrant subroutine This VI de serializes a U8 number from the DCAT digital data Data E Number Data Array This array control contains the serialized da
79. Open the top level PXI RT target VI Advanced Example Target Program vi Run CalVIEW Master on the target program Connect to the RT target and Run the top level VI Open CalVIEW and connect to the target load the host VI Advanced Example User Interface vi and load the pairing file Advanced Example Hang vi Within CalVIEW start the host VI to begin combustion analysis setup and operation Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 31 Drivven Inc DCAT Reviewing the DCATAdvanced Target VI DiskFull p DAQ us RT Queue 9 RT us e ET Queue p Raw us Nc Queue 9 NC us Activated D Init OK i DCATAdvanced lvproj PXI m Figure 26 Target Application Front Panel We will now explore the top level RT VI The top level RT front panel contains only a few indicators for status information for the user However this is not the intended user interface for the DCAT application The actual user interface for manipulating combustion analysis tasks is executed on a windows host PC supervised by CalVIEW and will be discussed later in this document The Boolean indicators communicate the status of the queues and disk among the real time loops The four numeric indicators show the execution times of each loop Figure 27 below shows the entire block diagram for the top level RT VI Further diagrams below will show close ups of the diagram portions being discussed RunState Setup 0 1 This section of
80. PGA FIFO Data ctl FPGA Data array contains the samples recorded by the FPGA The first dimension in the array corresponds to the Time ms ID Data The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample FPGA Data Double Float FPGA Data Initialize in Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Initialize out Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Medium Speed Setup Cluster Medium Speed Setup ctl This control contains the medium speed DAQ setup Medium Speed in Array Medium Speed ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Medium Speed Sample Double Float Medium Speed Sample Medium Speed out Array Medium Speed sgl ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 136 Dr
81. PID setpoint Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Pressure Ratio reentrant normal priority This VI calculates the pressure ratio values SAE Technical Paper Series 2000 01 0932 The pressure ratio is a simplified form of heat calculations similar to the Rassweiler and Withrow calculations The calculations compare the measured cylinder pressure to a calculated motoring pressure The ratio of these two signals is the pressure ratio PR P Pmot Pmot P1 V1 V 4n PRM10 PR 10 1 FPR 1 PRM25 PR 25 1 FPR 1 DILPAR FPR 0 5 PRM10 1 275 MPR FPR 1 PR 10 PR 10 CAD PR 25 PR 25 CAD FPR Final Pressure Ratio Averaged over PolyE Calculation Window PRM10 Pressure Ratio Management Timing Parameter 25 CAD PRM25 Pressure Ratio Management Timing Parameter 10 CAD DILPAR Dilution Parameter MPR Modified Pressure Ratio PR Pressure Ratio P Instantaneous Cylinder Pressure kPa Pmot Calculated Motoring Pressure kPa P1 Reference Pressure at Start of PolyC Calculation kPa V Instantaneous Cylinder Volume liter V1 Reference Volume at Start of PolyC Calculation liter n Specific Heat Ratio Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 172 Drivven Inc DCAT Engine Setup Pressure Setup Pressu
82. PositionSig Enc e UserData Period ms mea Ed EPTData CrankCount onaga f DCAT FreeTimer us 2 DCAT SamplingEnable E o Ifa f5 Je ges ge emen S E DCAT FreeTimer us i DCAT SamplingEnable amit Figure 39 Top level FPGA block diagram 1 Single Cycle Loop Entire loop executes at 40 MHz Position Signals Read encoder and cam signals from NI 9411 differential digital input module Any digital input source will work 3 Filter position signals 4 Cam signal Extension This VI will take a single narrow pulse from the camshaft and extend it in order to gate every other encoder Z pulse 5 Engine Position Tracking EPT Please see the EPT documentation for details on these SubVIs The EPT software can use several levels of extrapolation as designated by the number on the icon The number represents the binary bits of extrapolation used 6 Extrapolation Option This VI allows the user to select whether the raw encoder signals or higher resolution extrapolated position signals are used for clocking the engine synchronous DAQ cards If the bits of extrapolation is X then the raw encoder pulses are increased by 2 X 2 l TDC Offset This VI offsets the TDC position signal so that a mechanical adjustment is not required When using extrapolation the offset resolution is determined by the EPT extrapo
83. Q setup beH Medium Speed in Array Medium Speed sgl ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Medium Speed Sample SamplePeriod s Array SamplePeriod ctl Synchronous array contains the sample period from the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays Waveform Single Float Sample Period Synchronous Channels Array Synchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the synchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Synchronous Names Array This array control contains a list of unique names for the synchronous measurements Synchronous Name String Synchronous Name Fe Synchronous in Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample
84. Release tabs shown in Figure 51 and Figure 52 displays in table and plot format the Heat Release Rate HRR and Mass Fraction Burn MFB percentages The dropdown menu HeatReleaseMethod selects one of several heat release methods Different configuration parameters will be shown for each heat release method The StartMethod and EndMethod define how the start and end of combustion are determined The in cylinder temperature calculation setup is also on this page If ResidualFraction is zero IntakeTemp and IVC_Window are used The starting pressure is the average pressure ending at IVC with IVC_Window length When using ResidualFraction the IntakeTemp is adjusted depending on the IntakePressure ExhaustPressure and Exhaustlemperature For more details on the heat release calculations please refer to the Calculations section of this manual E DCAT Advanced User Interface vi ol bo x 969 719 Speed RPM HeatReleaseMethod Jsingle Zone Heat Transfer 1005592 Timer us P SmoothingFactor ez K 143 2 kPa abs 5 i 613 Cyde RTQueue emm PolyECor Heat Transfer IVC_Window ResidualFraction Hayes SAE860029 E Eat HeatTransferCor wesch 1990 Constant ien wei em Cige Jo Cage 2 23 ez SS 2 23 Cie f0 00324 C2e marred C Fi e SS 92 5182 constant Zu eion Zeg V N ra RAM 20 StartAngle CAD 70 EndAnge CAD ete eee a DAQLoopTime 816 177 MB TE SS S F P p H 796 us PlotScal
85. String The computer ID is a unique number generated based on the hardware of your system There is not enough information encoded in the number to reconstruct any specific information about the system The computer ID is used to generate activation keys License Directory Path This control specifies the directory where the license dat file is located The path should always be a local path to the directory The default path is c ni rt system Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Loop Setup reentrant normal priority This VI takes the engine setup and automatically configures the setup for the timed loops The loops should be set to balance the overhead associated with the and quick response times The loops are set to run on the 1MHz Resetting clock when available and the 1kHz Resetting clock otherwise The timed loops may be controlled by the user if desired The real time processing loop is set by the following calculations 60 N RPM Nov Loop Time in sec N Strokes per Cycle RPM Engine Speed in RPM Ncyl Number of Cylinders Example 4 storke 10000RPM and 16 cylinders 750us Next Cycle 7 Real Time Processing Data Acquisition io Save Raw Data Engine Setup Data Acquisition Cluster Loop Setup ctl This control contains loop setup information
86. Volume liter Absolute Cylinder Pressure pel T Gem Status in Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Array Absolute Cylinder Pressure ctl Absolute cylinder pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Single Float Absolute Cylinder Pressure Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information MEP Results Cluster MEParea Results ctl This control contains the MEP calculations results Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process dVolume liter Array dVolume ctl Differential volume as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine dVolume Liter Single Float Differential Volume Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 168 Drivven Inc DCAT Misfire reentrant normal priority This VI detects misfires based of the peak pressure or NMEP and a threshold pressure or a percentage of the average historic threshold A misfire is reported if the peak pre
87. a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Initialize out Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Medium Speed Setup Cluster Medium Speed Setup ctl This control contains the medium speed DAQ setup Medium Speed in Array Medium Speed ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Medium Speed Sample Double Float Medium Speed Sample Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 147 Drivven Inc DCAT Medium Speed out Array Medium Speed sgl ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Medium Speed Sample SamplePeriodin s Array SamplePeriod and Time ctl Synchronous array contains the sample period from the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays SamplePerid s Time ms Double Float Sample Period s Time ms SamplePeriodOut s
88. able Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on some criteria Example if you need to determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted MEP Results Cluster MEP Results ctl This control contains the MEP calculations results MEP Stats Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains the Statistical cluster Each element in the array correlates to a calculated value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Size 100 132 Size ctl This control defines the size of rolling average used in statistics Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Update Rate 1 Cycles 132 Update Rate ctl Update rate defines the number of cycle between rolling statistical calculations The minimum maximum and mean values are updated every cycle MEPalt Stats RT reentrant normal prior
89. ai5 gt 8 Cylinder Pressure8 1 8 Gan kPa Devt ai7_ 9 MAP Odd 2 1357 Gain Offset kPa Dev2 ai0 In a similar way the four asynchronous measurements are also configured Measurement Name Filter Cylinder Scaling Units Channel ji Knock 0 13 Gain Offset V Dev3 aio 2 Knock2 0 24 Gain Offset V Dev3 ai1 3 Knock3 DL 57 Gain Offset V_ Dev3 ai2_ 4 Knock4 o0 68 Gain Offset v Dev3 ai3 The cylinder pressures are filtered using one filter definition and the manifold pressures are filtered using a second filter definition The two filter definitions are setup to as follows Use Type Frequency Order Eiter 1 Cylinder Pressure IIR Filter 15 8 Filter 2 _ Manifold Pressure IIR Filter 15 In M Series or FPGA data logging is not currently part of the DCAT toolkit or example application However the user may choose to customize the example application to include logging of other data Summary data may be added to the array of calculated values to include them in the file Additionally the summary or raw data files may be opened and written to using the standard TDMS The FPGA timer and start trigger time should be saved and used to align data with the DCAT data Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 19 Drivven Inc DCAT Performance The performance of the system depends on many factors including PXI Controller Sp
90. ains the current value of the FPGA free timer The time is updated once every cycle Real Time Resources normal priority This VI periodically checks the CPU RAM and Disk Space when available Disk Time 10 s Disk MB Minimum Disk Size 100 MB Disk Full CPU Time 10 5 CPU RAM Time 10 s RAM MB CPU Time 10 s U32 This control defines how often to update the CPU usage CPU Single Float This control displays the CPU usage Disk Full Boolean This control is true when the disk is full Disk Time 10 s U32 This control defines how often to update the disk space Disk MB Single Float This control displays the free disk space Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 197 Drivven Inc DCAT Minimum Disk Size 100 MB Single Float This control defines the minimum disk space before the disk is considered full RAM Time 10 s U32 This control defines how often to update the RAM use RAM MB Single Float This control displays the free RAM Resample Cycle 2D reentrant subroutine This VI re samples the cycle array by first shifting the array by the appropriate number of indexes and then by interpolating between indexes If ether step has a zero offset the step is skipped Engine Setup Cylinder Array in Cylinder Array out CAD Shift ATDC Final Resolution ppr CAD Shift ATDC Single Float This control defines the angle that the data is to be shifted Shifti
91. alize out Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Next Cycle Time Delay reentrant subroutine This VI calculates the estimated finish time of a calculations in degrees past TDC of the cycle This VI is intended to give some estimate of the delay in calculations for the next cycle control This VI will keep the most recent cycle times for up to 16 cylinders Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 196 Drivven Inc DCAT Engine Setup E Wei salad Finish Angle CAD aa Avg Finish Angle CAD Timer us Avg Finish Angle CAD Single Float CurrentTimer us U32 This control represents the current FPGA free timer value Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or 0 is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Finish Angle CAD Array This control represents the estimated angle past TDC associated with the current timer value Each value in the array corresponds to a different cylinder Finishing Angle CAD Single Float Finishing Angle CAD Speed RPM Single Float Engine Speed ctl Engine Speed for the current cycle of data It is updated once every cycle Timer us U32 Timer ctl Timer cont
92. alue used in some of the end of heat release calculations T_Wall K Single Float Specifies the temperature of the cylinder wall HeatTranCoeff W m2 K Single Float Specifies a constant heat transfer correlation Pre ChamberVolume liter Single Float Specifies the pre chamber volume used in the dual transducer heat release methods PolyECor Heat Transfer Enum U32 Specifies the correlation for polytropic coefficient of expansion used in the heat transfer correlations 0 Hayes SAE860029 Correlation presented by Hayes 1 Indolene SAE841359 Correlation for Indolene 2 Propane SAE841359 Correlation for Propane 3 Custom a T K b User defined correlation a Single Float Specifies the gain associated with the user defined polytropic coefficient correlation b Single Float Specifies the offset associated with the user defined polytropic coefficient correlation HeatTransferCor Enum U32 Specifies the heat transfer correlation used with heat release methods containing heat transfer calculations 0 Constant User defined constant heat transfer correlation 1 Woschni 1978 Heat transfer correlation described by Woschni in 1978 2 Woschni 1990 Updated heat transfer correlation described by Woschni in 1990 3 Hohenberg Heat transfer correlation described by Hohenberg C1ge Single Float Specifies the Woschni correlation coefficient 1 for the gas exchange period Default 6 18 Drivven Inc 2009
93. alysis and decision blocks for unique test and control applications A DCAT post processing application is also included which utilizes the same toolkit Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 3 Drivven Inc DCAT DCAT Features Measurement Configuration and Engine Geometry Supports multiple S Series Cards for simultaneous sampling of signals in both engine synchronous cylinder pressure etc and engine asynchronous knock etc domains Individual channel scaling features o Cylinder Assignment o Gain o Gain Offset o Polynomial o Table Lookup Channels can be assigned to all cylinders as references such as pegging Complete set of engine geometry inputs for cylinder volume calculation o Optionally load volume from file Online motoring test assists with engine geometry verification Engine Position Tracking and Sample Clock Generation Use traditional optical encoder setup or advanced triggering options via R Series FPGA card Flexible FRGA based crankshaft encoder signal processing and filtering Allows online adjustment of TDC index Allows use of pressure signal for 4 stroke cam phase information Allows cam phase signal to be extended for use as half cycle gate for TDC index Engine Position Tracking EPT block allows extrapolation of lower resolution production trigger wheels for high resolution sampling and control Multiple Time Based Measurement Engine Synchronous Measurements Sampled at fixed crank angles Engin
94. angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Single Float Absolute Cylinder Pressure Cylinder Gas Temperature K Array Cylinder Gas Temperature ctl Cylinder Gas Temperature Estimate Cylinder Gas Temperature K Single Float Cylinder Gas Temperature Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Pressure Results Cluster Pressure Results ctl This control contains the basic pressure metrics calculations results Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 158 Drivven Inc DCAT Temp Setup Cluster Temp Setup ctl This control contains the cylinder temperature calculation setup Volume Liter Array Volume ctl Calculated cylinder volume as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Volume Liter Single Float Cylinder Volume HR Analysis reentrant subroutine Calculates the location of 5 10 50 75 and 90 Mass Fraction B
95. ard Jumpers Trigger 0 Trigger 1 Trigger 2 Trigger 3 Trigger 4 Trigger 5 Trigger 0 Trigger 1 Trigger 2 Trigger 3 Trigger 4 Trigger 5 PFI PO Digital Input S Series Card Asynchronous Figure 5 Digital Triggering For uDCAT hardware setup information please refer to the UDCAT user s manual Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 13 Drivven Inc DCAT Encoder Setup and Options The DCAT toolkit allow for a variety of encoders and triggering options DAT uses the Engine Position Tracking VI to synchronize the engine sampling The different EPT VIs require different inputs for different types of patterns All the EPT VIs provide the required signals to drive the DCAT sampling This document is concerned only with the encoder pattern The encoder patterns are the only EPT Vis that included with DCAT Please contact Drivven for details about other EPT patterns For details on the other patterns please see the EPT documentation The encoder EPT requires 2 signals to work properly The FPGA should be used to condition the signal so that they provide the appropriate signals for the ETP VI The DCAT toolkit includes several VI that can be used to manipulate the digital signals in the FPGA Filter Extend Offset etc e Cam This signal contains a single pulse per cycle not per revolution It is used to determine the absolute engine position The EPT uses the rising edge as th
96. array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 148 Drivven Inc DCAT Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Timer us U32 Timer ctl Timer contains the current value of the FPGA free timer The time is updated once every cycle Pegging normal priority This VI pegs a single channel according to one of several methods If an average length values is provided the average is centered on the location None Does not process the array Constant Uses a constant location average length and pegging value to peg the cycle Synchronous MAP Uses a MAP Channel at the specified location and averaging length Polytropic Compares the Pressure and Volume over the PolyC calculation window to determine the cylinder Pegging Value that will match the specified PolyC Value Pressure Setup Engine Setup a d oe oe j Absolute Cylinder Pressure Cylinder Pressure kPa SSES Vohame Liter Pegging Value kPa S Lon Status out Status in PreCharmber Pressure kPa Absolute PreChamber Dresseur Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Array Absolute Cylinder Pressure ctl Absolute cylinder pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360
97. array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample uAsynchronous Array uAsynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 214 Drivven Inc DCAT array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Double Float Asynchronous Sample FGPA dcat_data16_reva reentrant normal priority This VI accepts a single U16 input value and serializes it with a UART protocol to be sampled by an S Series digital input Multiple dcat_data16 VIs can be daisy chained to provide multiple serialized U16 values This data is sampled along with angle based and time based data and decoded by real time DCAT VIs This data is stored with the analog data This enables various control and DAQ parameters to be known for each engine cycle Each 16 bit word is encoded with 1 start bit logic high and 2 stop bits logic low The rising edge of the first start bit coincides with the rising edge of the first sample clock after the start trigger Each data bit is encoded with 2 sample clocks It is required by the user to ensure that all data bits can fit within the number of sample c
98. ase run the CalVIEW Master VI and try again b Ifthe Activated indicator remains red please check your activation If the Activated light continues to fail please contact Drivven Start the CalVIEW consol Start gt Programs Drivven gt CalVIEW gt CalVIEW 8 Setup the CalVIEW consol a File gt Select Target Machine to open the target selection dialog box Select or enter the IP address of the target b File gt Select Host VI and select the DCATAdvanced User Interface VI c File gt Load Pairing File and select the DCATAdvanced Paring par file 9 Verify that the pairing has no errors and start the user interface Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 42 Drivven Inc DCAT Measurement and Engine Setup Before collecting and analyzing data the Measurement Setup the Medium Speed DAQ Setup and the Engine Setup tabs must be configured While on these setup tabs no data is collected or processed Data collection and processing will automatically begin when the user is on any of the following tabs To see a description of a control or indicator hover over the parameters with the mouse cursor to see the tip strip or context help window message The context help window may be accessed by pressing ctl H The DCAT user interface also provides a sidebar of information to the right of the tabs that is always visible The sidebar shows status information such as engine speed and data queue statistics that are useful at
99. asurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Fe Asynchronous in Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 139 Drivven Inc DCAT array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Asynchronous out Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Filter Setups Array Filter Setups ctl This control contains the array of filter setup clusters Each element in the array contains the setup information for a different filter Filter Setup Cluster Filter Setup ctl This control contains the filter setup Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This
100. ata Line In SerialOut Boolean Serial Data Line Out StartTrigger Boolean Start Trigger In U8Data U8 This control contains the data to be encoded dcat_enc_count reentrant subroutine This VI counts number of encoder A pulses per encoder Z pulse It reports the last calculated value and the min max counts The min max and last counts should always be equal for the system to function properly The reset sets the min and max values Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 217 Drivven Inc DCAT EncA Boolean Encocder A signal EncZ Boolean Encoder Z signal Last U16 Displays the last encoder counter Max U16 Displays the maximum encoder count Min U16 Displays the minimum encoder count Reset Boolean Resets the counters dcat_enc_or_extrap reentrant normal priority When UseExtrap is FALSE the Crank and Cam signals from the EPT are connected to the EncAB and EncZ outputs respectively When UseExtrap is TRUE the least significant bit of CurrentPosition is used as a higher resolution encoder signal connected to EncAB EncZ is high when CurrentPosition is zero This mode can provide a higher resolution sample clock to the DAQ cards using the extrapolated crank angle ticks of the EPT However the extrapolated crank angle ticks may have acceleration errors depending on the spacing of the actual encoder signals Internally this VI will govern the rate of the extrapolated crank angle ticks so that the samplin
101. ate and the cumulative heat release based on one of several methods Heywood Internal Combustion Fundamentals McGraw Hill 1988 Grimm Johnson Review of Simple Heat Release Computations SAE Technical Paper Series 900445 1990 Single Zone Uses the single zone model for heat transfer to determine the heat release dQ dTheta 1 n 1 V dP dTheta n n 1 P dV dTheta Single Zone Dual Transducer Uses the single zone model for heat transfer to determine the heat release dQ dTheta 1 n 1 Vmc dPmc dTheta Vpc dPpc dTheta n n 1 P dV dTheta Single Zone Heat Transfer Uses the single zone model for heat transfer to determine the heat release dQ dTheta 1 n 1 V dP dTheta n n 1 P dV dTheta dQht dTheta dQht dTheta alpha h A Wall T T_Wall Single Zone Dual Transducer Heat Transfer Uses the single zone model for heat transfer to determine the heat release dQ dTheta 1 n 1 Vmc dPmc dTheta Vpc dPpc dTheta n n 1 P dV dTheta dQht dTheta dQht dTheta alpha h A_Wall T T_Wall Modified Rassweiler and Withrow dQ dTheta 1 n 1 V dPc dTheta dPc dTheta Pj Pi Vi Vj n Pressure Ratio PR P Pmot Pmot P1 V1 V 4n n Specific Heat Ratio dQ dTheta Heat Release Rate J CAD V Instantaneous Volume liter Vmc Instantaneous Main Chamber Volume liter Vpc Pre Chamber Volume liter P Instantaneous Pressure kPa P1 Reference P
102. ated Mean Effective Pressure PMEPalt kPa Single Float Displays the alternative Pumping Mean Effective Pressure MEParea Results Cluster MEParea Results ctl This control contains the area MEP calculations results IMEParea kPa Single Float Displays the area gross Indicated Mean Effective Pressure PMEParea kPa Single Float Displays the area Pumping Mean Effective Pressure Measurement Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement AssociatedCylinder U32 Specifies the cylinders associated with the measurement Each bit in the number represents a cylinder starting with the least significant bit MeasurementName String Specifies the name given to the measurement This is used to store the channel in the output files Gain Single Float Specifies the gain when using the Gain Only or Gain and Offset scaling methods Offset Single Float Specifies the offset when using the Gain and Offset scaling method Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 98 Drivven Inc DCAT PhysicalChannel Tag Specifies the name of a DAQm x physical channel to use by the DCAT system The DAQmx physical channel can be viewed and sometimes changed in the Measurements and Automation eXplorer Example Dev1 ai ScalingMethod Enum U32 Specifies the method used for scaling the measurement data The method determines which calibration inputs to use The options are to use Ga
103. ates to a calculated value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Stop Boolean Stop ctl This control stops the VI and clears the stored data in the VI It should be used during the last loop of the cycle Fe Synchronous Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Synchronous Data Names Array This array control contains a name for each synchronous data set in the synchronous array The names are used as the channel name in the TDMS file and should be unique Data Name String Synchronous Data Set Name Timer us U32 Timer ctl Timer contains the current value of the FPGA free timer The time is updated once every cycle Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 118 Drivven Inc DCAT User Property Values Array User Property Values ctl This is an array of user property values with each element corresponding to each element in the user property names array The flatten to string VI may be used to convert any data type to a string User Property Value String User Property Value Stream Raw Data To Disk normal priority This VI streams the raw
104. atistical data for the calculated values Array Refnum Array Control Reference Filter Values Cluster This control filters the list of values in the listbox Listbox Refnum This control is a reference to the single column listbox that is used to select the properties to display on the waveform chart Loop Rate ms U32 This control should be set to the target loop rate of the structure that contains the loop The time axis is set using this control Waveform Chart Refnum This control is a reference to a waveform chart Control Data Plot normal priority This VI controls the display of the synchronous or asynchronous display for a single channel and all the measurements associated with it Digital Data Plot Data Plot SyncData SyncDigital Data SyncCrank Angle SyncSignal Names AsyncData AsyncDigital Data AsyncData Size AsyncSignal Names AsyncData Refnum This control contains the reference to the data Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 187 Drivven Inc DCAT AsyncData Size 132 This control defines the original size of the asynchronous data The actual size of the data array may be smaller due to the maximum size of the CalPoint AsyncDigital Data Refnum This control is a reference to the digital data AsyncSignal Names String This control contains the signal names separated by a comma Data Plot Refnum This control is a reference to the data plot x y graph Digital Data Plot Refnum This
105. ats Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 175 Drivven Inc DCAT HR Stats RT reentrant normal priority This VI calculates the statistics for the calculated Heat Release values This VI is good for up to 16 Cylinders Size in 100 Initialize HR Stats Status out Exclude From Stats E Update Rate 1 Cycles Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or 0 is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on some criteria Example if you need to determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire HR Stats Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains the Statistical cluster Each element in the array correlates to a calculated value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Heat Release Results Cluster Heat Release Results ctl This control contains the heat release calculations results Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Size in 100 132
106. available the VI returns 1 for the cylinder number c Add a case structure based on the cylinder number A value of 0 1 or Default should not execute A value between 1 and 16 should run the calculations d Add scaling filtering and pegging to the valid cylinder number case Add pressure metrics VI the pressure metrics statistics VI and the pressure metrics results VI More sets of calculations may be added Add the array results and the motoring results Add all of the setup VI required by the different calculation Add the save summary file VI and create a cluster of the setup clusters Add all desired indicators controls and CalPoints Use the loop counter as the initialization Use the run state and queue error as the stop conditions D A em Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT Version 2 90 26 Drivven Inc DCAT Real Time Processing En vP DCAT ControllP ocebsError be error status j DCAT Summary Summafy_Co nte a etu A E p32 DCAT Control Time zl DC AT Control Cycde aanas a PCAT Control RTAlignBuffer DCAT Summary Overwrit Summar yFi e Run State Figure 21 Simple Example Real Time Calculations 9 A user interface is now needed The user interface runs on the host machine using CalVIEW All CalPoints on the target need a matching indicator or control on the host panel In this example the user interface will contain a tab control to define the state of the target program The first t
107. ay represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Combustion Noise Results Cluster Combustion Noise Results ctl This control contains the results of the combustion noise calculations Noise dB Single Float Displays the calculated combustion noise results Configuration Clusters Cluster Configuration Clusters ctl This control contains a cluster of all the setup clusters It is used to pass all of the setup clusters to the saving VIs Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Pressure Setup Cluster Pressure Setup ctl This control contains the basic pressure metrics calculations setup Temp Setup Cluster Temp Setup ctl This control contains the cylinder temperature calculation setup Heat Release Setup Cluster Heat Release Setup ctl This control contains the heat release calculations configuration Pegging Setup Cluster Pegging Setup ctl This control contains the Pegging setup Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 88 Drivven Inc DCAT Filter Setups Array Filter Setups ctl This control contains the array of filter setup clusters Each element in the array contains the setup information for a different filter Synchronous Measurements Array Syn
108. be set to the same filter or to its own filter Each measurement may be disabled with the Disable_SyncX button When disabled no data is recorded on that measurement and the configuration information for that measurement is not included in the saved files The combustion analysis calculation sets may be enabled and disabled depending on the specific requirements of the testing program Please note that some of the calculations from one group may be required as inputs to another group For example heat release with heat transfer requires the cylinder temperature calculations PressureMetrics Enables the calculations contained in the Pressure Metrics tab MEP Enables calculation of Mean Effective Pressures GMEP PMEP NMEP The MEP calculations are displayed on the Summary tab CylTemp Enables the calculation of estimated cylinder temperature for the heat transfer calculations This group must be enabled if heat release is calculated with heat transfer HeatRelease Enables the calculations contained on the Heat Release tab Misfire Enables the calculations related to misfire detection Misfire detection is reported on the Summary tab Knock Enables the calculations for the engine knock calculations Noise Enables the calculation of combustion noise Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 43 Drivven Inc d al m m al m m La Lal a a La EI La La al BEERS Figure 40 Measurement Setup Tab Drivven Inc
109. ble crank angle Zz gg Engine Actuators P Real Time Display Real Time Post Processing Post Process __ Figure 25 Data Flow with Next Cycle Control The advanced DCAT example demonstrates the use of the majority of Vis within the toolkit The example can be used with little or no modification when applied to the recommended PXI hardware as a powerful combustion analysis application The example can also be modified to fit a specific requirement This section provides an overview of the advanced example application When creating a custom advanced DCAT application it is recommended to use this application as a template For most applications the processing loop will be the focus of the modifications Please refer to the appendix at the end of this manual for detailed information on the individual SubVls Due to the large size of the block diagram it is recommended that the actual Vis be opened in order to see details In the following figures labels are placed on the block diagram screen shots corresponding to comments below Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 30 Drivven Inc DCAT The DCATAdvanced example may be run on the recommended hardware platform in a few short steps 1 ee ea Open the example project file Advanced Example DCAT Project Ivproj Configure the IP address of the PXI RT Target within the target properties dialog Compile the FPGA
110. box Loop Rate ms Data Reference Array Array This control is an array of references that contains the statistical data for the calculated values Data Reference Refnum Data Reference Listbox Refnum This control is a reference to the single column listbox that is used to select the properties to display on the waveform chart Loop Rate ms U32 This control should be set to the target loop rate of the structure that contains the loop The time axis is set using this control Waveform Chart Refnum This control is a reference to a waveform chart Control Table reentrant normal priority This VI is designed to run in the host application as a way to format and display tables The Data Reference Array contains references to 2d arrays of statistical values 16 x 5 The first dimension in the array represents the cylinder and the second dimension represents the statistic Current Value Mean Max Min SD All values in the array have the same units A second array of references Size Reference Array must match the size of the Data Reference Array This 1d array has 16 values that represent the number of values used to create statistics Each value corresponds to a cylinder The Table reference defines which table will be updated with the statistics Enable Values turns on or off the display of any of the statistics for all the parameters Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 193 Drivven Inc DCAT Cylinder C
111. bsolute Cylinder Pressure ctl Absolute cylinder pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 143 Drivven Inc DCAT Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Single Float Absolute Cylinder Pressure Asynchronous Channels Array Asynchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the asynchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Asynchronous Names Array This array control contains a list of unique names for the asynchronous measurements Asynchronous Name String Asynchronous Name Fe Asynchronous in Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Asynchronous out Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The firs
112. c PeriodAccum CycleCount Each 32 bit word is encoded with 1 start bit logic high and 2 stop bits logic low The rising edge of the first start bit coincides with the rising edge of the first sample clock after the start trigger Each data bit is encoded with 2 sample clocks The PeriodAccumCount input to the EPT VI should be set to the number of encoder pulses per crankshaft rotation This enables the real time DCAT software to calculate the correct engine speed for each engine cycle Freel imer uSec oo ne Res PeriodAccum p ClockOut StartTriggerin EndTriggerOut Clockin Clockin Boolean Sample Clock In ClockOut Boolean Sample Clock Out CycleCount U32 Cycle Counter EndTriggerOut Boolean End Trigger Out FreeTimer uSec U32 FPGA Free Timmer PeriodAccum U32 Accumulated Cycle Period SerialOut Boolean Serial Data Line Out StartTriggerln Boolean Start Trigger In dcat_stream_fpga_data invalid priority This VI converts unsigned integer data into a series of packets that can be placed in a FIFO and decoded by the real time system The VI may be used in several parts of an application for different streams of data running at different sample rates It should be placed in a while loop with the FIFO and the Finished terminal should be connected to the Stop if True condition of the while loop This cannot be placed in a single cycle loop The FIFO should be a U64 with enough resources to handle the
113. calculated statistical results Size 100 132 Size ctl This control defines the size of rolling average used in statistics Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Update Rate 1 Cycles 132 Update Rate ctl Update rate defines the number of cycle between rolling statistical calculations The minimum maximum and mean values are updated every cycle Pressure Ratio Stats RT reentrant normal priority This VI calculates the statistics for the calculated pressure ratio values This VI is good for up to 16 Cylinders Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 182 Drivven Inc DCAT Size in 100 Initialize Cylinder Pressure Ratio Results Status in Exclude From Stats F Update Rate 1 Cycles PR Stats Status out Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or 0 is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on some criteria Example if you need to determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a m
114. ch Fourth Edition McGraw Hill Inc Boston MA e Gatowski J A Balles EN Chun K M Nelson F E Ekchian J A Heywood J B 1984 Heat Release Analysis of Engine Pressure Data SAE Technical Paper Series 841359 e Grimm B M Johnson R T 1990 Review of Simple Heat Release Computations SAE Technical Paper Series 900445 e Hayes T K Savage L D Sorenson S C 1986 Cylinder Pressure Data Acquisition and Heat Release Analysis on a Personal Computer SAE Technical Paper Series 860029 e Herbert A J Ressell M F 1982 Measurement of Combustion Noise in Diesel Engines Mechanical Engineering Technology e Heywood J B 1988 Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals McGraw Hill Inc New York NY e Sellnau M C Matekunas F A Battiston P A Chang C F Lancaster D R 2000 Cylinder Pressure Based engine Control Using Pressure Ratio Management and Low Cost Non Intrusive Cylinder Pressure Sensors SAE Technical Paper Series 2000 01 0932 e Shelby M H Stein R A Warren C C 2003 A New Analysis Method for Accurate Accounting of SI Engine Pumping and Indicated Work SAE International 04ANNUAL 411 e Stone R 1999 Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines Third Edition Society of Automotive Engineers Inc Warrendale PA Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 229
115. chronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the synchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Asynchronous Measurements Array Asynchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the asynchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Knock Setup Cluster Knock Setup ctl This control contains the knock calculation setup Misfire Setup Cluster Misfire Setup ctl This control contains the misfire setup Medium Speed Setup Cluster Medium Speed Setup ctl This control contains the medium speed DAQ setup FPGA Data Setup Array FPGA Data Setup ctl This control contains the FPGA data stream setup Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information EngineName String Specifies the name of the test engine ProjectName String Specifies the name of the test project ClearanceVolume liter Single Float Specifies the cylinder volume at top dead center ConRodLength m Single Float Specifies the connection rod length CompressionRatio Single Float Specifies the cylinder compression ratio Stroke m Single
116. ciated with a measurement Fe Synchronous in Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Synchronous out Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Timer us U32 Timer ctl Timer contains the current value of the FPGA free timer The time is updated once every cycle Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 137 Drivven Inc DCAT Async2Sync reentrant subroutine This VI converts all the Asynchronous data to Synchronous Data Engine Setup Asynchronous Asynchronous Digital f AsyncChannelSetup ConversionMethod Synchronous t Synchronous Digital ta SyncChannelSetup Fe Asynchronous Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Asynchronous Channels Array Asynchronous Measurements ctl This co
117. compression Pressure Array This control contains the pressure data Pressure Single Float Pressure Start PolyC CAD Single Float This control defines the start of the window used to calculate the polytrophic coefficient for compression Start PolyE CAD Single Float This control defines the start of the window used to calculate the polytrophic coefficient for expansion Stroke2 4 Enum U32 This control defines if the engine is a 2 or 4 stroke per cycle Volume Array This control contains the volume array Volume Single Float Volume Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 192 Drivven Inc DCAT Control Single Chart reentrant normal priority This VI controls a chart on the host panel The chart must be set up to take a singles This VI uses a list box to allow the user to select 1 or more parameters in the Data Reference Array and plots them as a function of time Selection Mode must be set to 1 or More Items in the right click menu The chart will clear when the selected values change Trends with similar units will be placed on the same axis If there are not enough axes for all the different units to be displayed all units without an axis will be displayed on the first axis This VI needs to execute every loop cycle so that the table values update at the loop rate The controls feeding them need to be outside of all tab controls so that they update regularly Waveform Chart Data Reference Array List
118. configured to do so The activation key s can be used in one of three ways The first method is to wire the activation key s directly into the Licensing VI The second method is to place the activation key s in a text file and specify the location of the file in the Licensing VI The third method is to place the activation key s in a text file called License dat in the c ni rt system directory This allows a real time application to run on multiple systems without modifying the real time code for each system The DCAT license VI must be the first DCAT VI to run in a DCAT project It will validate the DCAT license and unlock the remaining DCAT vis Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 7 Drivven Inc DCAT Abbreviations Async ATDC BRIC BTDC CAD cDAQ CPU DAQ DCAT DI dV EPT FFE FPGA HRR Hz GMEP IMEP kB kHz MAX MEP MFB MB MHz NI NMEP OS PFI PFI PMEP PR PCI PXI RIO RT TDC uDCAT Sycn V VI Asynchronous sampled at specific time intervals Crank Angle Degrees After Top Dead Center Bandpass Rectify Integrate and Compare Crank Angle Degrees Before Top Dead Center Crank Angle Degrees Compact DAQ device Central Processing Unit Data Acquisition Drivven Combustion Analysis Toolkit Direct Injection Differential Volume Engine Position Tracking Fast Fourier Transform Field Programmable Gate Array Heat Release Rate Hertz sec Gross Mean Effective Pressure Gross Mean
119. d every cycle Noise Stats RT reentrant normal priority This VI calculates the statistics for the calculated combustion noise values This VI is good for up to 16 Cylinders Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 181 Drivven Inc DCAT Size 100 Initialize Cylinder Status in Exclude From Stats F Update Rate 1 Cycles Note Stats Status out Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on some criteria Example if you need to determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Noise Results Cluster Combustion Noise Results ctl This control contains the results of the combustion noise calculations Noise Stats Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains the Statistical cluster Each element in the array correlates to a calculated value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains
120. d uDCAT application are listed below e Doesn t use an FPGA o Can only use an standard encoder o No advanced triggering options e No asynchronous data e No next cycle control support e Target will only run on Windows o No realtime support e Doesn t collect digital data o Speed time and cycle are included together in an array e Requires sever DCAT SubVls to be replaced o Acquire Data o Raw and Summary FIFOs o Align to Cylinder e No timed loops o Use while loops Kl DCATAdvanced Example uDCAT Example DAQ Loop Stream Raw Data Loop Real Time Processing Alignment Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT Version 2 90 65 Drivven Inc DCAT Creating a Post Processor Application DCAT saves data in National Instruments standard TDMS file format TDMS files provide a powerful and flexible way to store and retrieve da
121. data to disk Two groups are created one for the synchronous data and one for the asynchronous data When the save time file size or cycle count requirement is met a new file is created The engine setup save setup and channel setups are saved as properties in the file Configuration Clusters Medium Speed Synchronous uAsynchronous SamplePeriod s Time ms Speed RPM Time ms Cycle FPGA FIFO Data Asynchronous E Stream Raw Data eee User Property Names se2ssssssss0000 User Property Values sssssss0000000000 File Counter Overwrite File Progress Fraction Current Path Status out User Property Names Array User Property Names ctl This is an array of user property names with each element corresponding to each element in the user property values array User Property Name String User Property Name Fe Asynchronous Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Configuration Clusters Cluster Configuration Clusters ctl This control contains a cluster of all the setup clusters It is used to pass all of the setup clusters to the saving VIs Current Path Path This control displays the current file path A path is only displayed when a file is in the
122. ded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Double Float Asynchronous Sample uRT FIFO Write normal priority This VI takes the raw data and writes it to a queue that can be read by the streaming to disk VIs ll Queue Overflow synchronous Queue Use Fraction uAsynchronous l Status out Medium Speed SamplePeriod s Time ms Speed RPM Time ms Cycle Initialize eee Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted This control is defined by Initialize ctl Medium Speed Array Medium Speed ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Medium Speed Sample Double Float Medium Speed Sample Queue Overflow Boolean Queue Overflow ctl This control displays true if any of the queues are full Queue Use Fraction Single Float Buffer Use ctl This control displays the fraction of the buffer or queue that is currently used SamplePeriod s Time ms Array SamplePeriod and Time ctl Synchronous array contains the sample
123. dimension in the Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 152 Drivven Inc DCAT array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Separate Measurements reentrant normal priority This VI separates the manifold air pressure cylinder pressure and prechamber pressure from the synchronous array An error occurs if no cylinder pressure is found A warning occurs if multiple cylinder pressures are found The first array is used if multiple signals of any kind are found Engine Setup Asynchronous Measurements d Synchronous Measurements a Cylinder Manifold Absolute Pressure Synchronous J Cylinder Pressure kPa Asynchronous f E f Async Acoustic Status in I 3 Sync Acoustic Initialize i S PreChamber Pressure kPa ConversionMethod Accurate Leen Status out Asynch ronous Digital DEE S Async Acoustic Array Asynchronous Acoustic ctl Asynchronous acoustic data as a function of crank angle This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Asynchronous Acoustic Single Float Asynchronous Acoustic Measurement Fe Asynchronous Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the ar
124. dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Medium Speed Sample Double Float Medium Speed Sample SamplePeriod s Time ms Array SamplePeriod and Time ctl Synchronous array contains the sample period from the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays SamplePerid s Time ms Double Float Sample Period s Time ms Speed RPM Time ms Cycle Array STC ctl This array control contains the speed time and cycle The 0 index in the array is always speed The 1 index is always time The 2 index is always cycle number This array is only used by uDCAT Value Double Float Speed Time or Cycle Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 210 Drivven Inc DCAT Synchronous Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample uAsynchronous Array uAsynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recor
125. ding waveform color 2 The window plot shows the pressure waveform overlaid with the acoustic waveform This allows the user to view the ripple on the pressure waveform along with the corresponding acoustic signal This also allows the user to check for other issues like valve noise and other cylinder knock events The yellow window defines the reference window Likewise the blue window defines the knock window The user may drag and drop the start cursor on both windows or enter the value in the appropriate colored box below 3 The filter magnitude response plot displays the filter cutoff with an FFT of the knock and reference windows The filter cutoffs are represented with cursors that the user may drag as needed The FFT of the filtered windows is displayed based on the current settings The integrated values of knock are displayed for each data set The plots show the ratio of the integrated and filtered windows before and after the threshold is applied oS Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 59 Drivven Inc DCAT Viewing Trends and Summary Data Trends The Trends tab shown in Figure 55 displays charts for a quick view of the historic data Any calculated parameter can be selected to see the historical trends The available values are displayed in the list box to the left of the trend Holding Shift or Ctrl allows for selecting multiple values to trend Changing the selection will reset the trends The listed availabl
126. dium Speed Setup Synchronous Measurements Cylinder Medium Speed in Synchronous in Asynchronous in Medium Speed out Synchronous out Asynchronous out Status out FPGA FIFO Data out FPGA FIFO Data in Asynchronous Measurements Array Asynchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the asynchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Fe Asynchronous in Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Asynchronous out Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 FPGA Da
127. e RawLoopTime 60 to 60 413 us RTLoopTime 1592 us NCLoopTime 0 us ComputerID Activated ADWL JHFJ 50 RollingAvaSize 1 UpdateStats DCATAdvanced User Interface vi 969 719 Speed RPM 1054356 Timer us 1007 Cyde I RTQueue mE H RTAlignBuffer E ProcessLoopError E ProcessError 152475 M8 91 9533 E DiskFull DAQLoopTime 816 142 MB 828 us Plotscale RawLoopTime 60 to 60 470 us RTLoopTime 1588 us NCLoopTime 0 us ComputerID Activated ADWL JHFJ 50 RollingAvaSize 1 UpdateStats Figure 52 Heat Release Plot Tab Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 57 Drivven Inc DCAT Knock The knock tab shown in Figure 53 may be used to calibrate and display knock Knock is calculated using the Bandpass Rectify Integrate Comair BRIC method The knock XControl is used to provide a visual display of the cylinder pressure and knock sensor signals so that the user can select a window for knock detection and a window for a reference top left plot An FFT of the windows is displayed so that the user may select a frequency window top right plot The filters are applied to the windows and another FFT is applied and the results are displayed lower right plot Finally the windows are integrated and compared The results are displayed for the user lower left plot The user can save and load data sets Up to 8 data sets
128. e SamplingEnable Boolean Enables the sampling StartTime us U32 Sample start time SyncStopped Boolean The sync stopped signal from the EPT TRIGO Boolean This control should be connected to the appropriate PXI trigger line TRIG1 Boolean This control should be connected to the appropriate PXI trigger line TRIG2 Boolean This control should be connected to the appropriate PXI trigger line TRIG3 Boolean This control should be connected to the appropriate PXI trigger line TRIG4 Boolean This control should be connected to the appropriate PXI trigger line TRIG5 Boolean This control should be connected to the appropriate PXI trigger line ept_enc_vte2_dcat_revb reentrant normal priority Engine Position Tracking VI Pattern Type Encoder Extrapolation Level 2 Bits To be placed within a single cycle loop of an FPGA block diagram executed at 40 MHz See the Pattern Specific Information section in the EPT User Manual EPTContral EPTData EPTInSig EPTOutSig EPTControl Cluster Cluster of control parameters for configuring engine position tracking for a specific pattern type EPTData Cluster Cluster of status information related to engine position tracking EPTInSig Cluster Cluster of crank and cam input signals used by the EPT for tracking engine position Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 226 Drivven Inc DCAT EPTOutSig Cluster Cluster of crank and cam outputs These s
129. e The options are as follows Continuous Continuously save data while the Start StopRawFile button is pressed N Cycles Saves data for number of cycles specified by Raw_MaxCycles Timed Saves data for a time specified by Raw_MaxTime Size Saves data until a file size specified by Raw_MaxSize is reached Raw_Comments String inserted into the raw data file Raw_StartCounter Specifies the starting file number to be filled in for XXX in the filename Raw_ResetCounter Resets the file number to Raw_StartCounter Start StopRawFile Starts and stops the file saving process Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 62 Drivven Inc DCATAdvanced User Inte SSS SiSis s Figure 57 Saving Data Tab Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 FREESAT 4 ComputerID Activated ADWL JHFJ Running 50 1 RunState RollingAvaSize UpdateStats 63 Drivven Inc DCAT Other The other tab contains the text descriptions of errors This tab also contains the setup controls for the CalVIEW Trends and Scopes Please see the CalVIEW manual for more details on these features tebe tt ap RolingAvgSize DP UpdateStats Figure 58 Other Tab Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 64 Drivven Inc DCAT Overview of the uUDCAT Example The uDCAT example shows the full application converted to a uUDCAT implementations The differences between the Advanced an
130. e Double Float Asynchronous Sample uST FIFO Read normal priority This VI reads the queue of raw data for the real time processing VIs Medium Speed Synchronous uAsynchronous SamplePeriod s Time ms Speed RPM Time ms Cycle Status out Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Medium Speed Array Medium Speed ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 212 Drivven Inc DCAT timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Medium Speed Sample Double Float Medium Speed Sample SamplePeriod s Time ms Array SamplePeriod and Time ctl Synchronous array contains the sample period from the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays SamplePerid s Time ms Double Float Sample Period s Time ms Speed RPM Time ms Cycle Array STC ctl This array control contains the speed time and cycle The 0 index in the array is always speed The 1 index is always time The 2 index is always cycle number This array is only used by uDCAT Value Double Float Speed Time or
131. e The prechamber should be accompanied by a main cylinder pressure for each cylinder 3 Manifold Absolute Pressure kPa Specifies that the measurement is a manifold absolute pressure Only one measurement per cylinder should be defined as a manifold absolute pressure Filter U8 Specifies the filter resource to be used with the measurement The Filter details are specified under the filter setup Units String Specifies the name given to the measurement This is used to store the channel in the output files Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 99 Drivven Inc DCAT Disable Boolean Specifies a disabled measurement Stops the recording processing and saving of the measurement Medium Speed Setup Cluster Medium Speed Setup ctl This control contains the medium speed DAQ setup Error Boolean Displays an error in the medium speed setup Sample Rate Single Float Specifies the sample rate of the medium speed DAQ Measurement Names Array Specifies the names of the medium speed DAQ measurements Physical Channel Array Specifies the physical channels of the medium speed DAQ measurements Scaling Array Specifies the scaling type of the medium speed DAQ measurements Units Array Specifies the units of the medium speed DAQ measurements Gain Array Specifies the gain of the medium speed DAQ measurements Offset Array Specifies the offset of the medium speed DAQ measurements CJC Source Array
132. e samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Asynchronous Measurements Array Asynchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the asynchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 106 Drivven Inc DCAT measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Input Config Cluster Input Config ctl This control contains the setup parameters for the synchronous and asynchronous DAQ tasks Medium Speed Array Medium Speed ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Medium Speed Sample Double Float Medium Speed Sample Medium Speed Setup Cluster Medium S
133. e trigger e Crank This signal contains a large number of pulses per revolution It is used to determine the incremental engine position The EPT uses the rising edge as the trigger The examples included with the toolkit are setup to work with a standard encoder and a cam signal The crank signal of the encode is in a format that can be used by the EPT However the TDC signal is used once per rotation and needs to be once per cycle Therefore every other pulse needs to be removed for a 4 stroke engine There is usually a good place on the cam signal or any digital signal that has a 720 CAD pattern to use as a gate for the TDC signal However they are not always aligned To allow a software alignment of the signals the example uses a Z offset and a cam signal extend For situations where no cam is required the cam signal can be set high and the input is not used All the digital signals have a filter to remove glitches and an invert to allow more flexibility in the setup Please note that the TDC Offset is from the offset Z signal not the original Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 14 Drivven Inc DCAT OZ o TDC Offset Offset Pressure Offset EncZ Gated EncZ EncA I I I 90 270 180 360 Crank Angle Figure 6 Encoder Diagram 1 Sometimes the cam sig
134. e Asynchronous Measurements Sampled at a fixed frequency Medium Speed Data Sampled at a fixed frequency 1kHz or less o Thermocouples o Slow Speed Pressures o Other FPGA Data Sampled based on FPGA setup engine synchronous and or asynchronous Pre Processing Cylinder alignment of data Data scaling to engineering units Broad range of signal filtering options Cylinder pressure pegging options Data windowing option Pressure Metrics Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 Peak Pressure and Location Polytropic coefficients of compression and expansion Maximum Rate of Pressure Rise and Location Pressures at IVO and EVC Gross MEP IMEP Pumping MEP PMEP Net MEP NMEP Drivven Inc DCAT Heat Release Analysis e Methods include O O O O O Single Zone Single Zone Dual Transducer for pre chamber engines Single Zone Heat Transfer Single Zone Dual Transducer Heat Transfer Modified Rassweiler and Withrow Pressure Ratio e Locations of Mass Fraction Burned 5 MFB 25 MFB 50 MFB 75 MFB 90 MFB Custom e Maximum Heat Release Rate and Location Variety of heat transfer correction methods e In cylinder temperature estimation Engine Noise and Knock Analysis e Raw time domain filtered and angle domain filtered noise indication e Bandpass Rectify Integrate Compare BRIC algorithm for knock signal processing e Offline FFT analysis of knock signals for calibration of BRIC Drivven Inc
135. e RT target Create an FPGA VI on the FPGA target Setup Digital IO for the encoder and the Triggers Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 21 Drivven Inc File Edit View Project DCAT Operate Tools Window Help Ioeel Iterns x Il eo m e al Ei i Project DCATSimple lvproj St e EA Readme rtt Boobs DCATSimple m p a DCATSimple B p foe DCATSimple na p User Interface vi FPGA wi Run FDGA At 2 CH DCATSimple Target Prograrm vi i _ DCATSimple Paring par SS DCAT FPGA 2 RIOO PXI 7811R b mg License DCAT vi El Kai Dependencies A ER Build Specifications C Gi PXI 0 0 0 0 be CH DCATSimple Target Prograrm vi ei DCATSimple Run FPGA vi ei License DCAT vi CS DCAT FPGA RIOO PXI 7831R GEN Px 8 me L TRIGL i be r TRIG2 ob be TRIG KM L TRIGS EE Ma L NIDO L MDN j NI9411 D2 L NI9411 DB ke NI9411 D4 L NI9411 D15 Figure 13 Simple Example Project Next setup the FPGA VI This example will use a standard encoder and a cam signal to run the encoder EPT with 2 bits of extrapolation Many other options are available engine position tracking a Add a single cycle loop to the FPGA VI This loop will execute every clock cycle b Add 3 digital inputs We need a cam crank and TDC signals c Add digital filters to the inputs They will remove small noise spikes d Add a signal extend to the filtered cam signal This
136. e channel configuration within DCAT Vs Chassis 1 PXI 1031 Measurement Automation Explorer File Edit View Tools Help Configuration KM save M Eh Open VISA Test Panel 2 Show Help DR My System A3 Remote Systems B E RETOOS E Chassis 1 IS 71021 el Data Neighborhood ag Devices and Interfaces Chassis Status NI DAQmx Devices This chassis is properly configured CG BI PXI System NI PXI 8106 Chassis 1 PXI 1031 det RIO Devices NM Serial d Scales Software basste Identification Chassis Number General Slot View Triggers Figure 1 Chassis Setup Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 9 Drivven Inc X NI PXI 61273 Devi Measurement amp Automation Explorer Sr My System cl 9g Remote Systems Gal KH RETOOS acl Devices and Interfaces E 4 gpa i Devices PXI pt System ro PXI 8 Seet o RIO Devices ee Serial eer Scales H Software Properties Delete Hame E Serial Number Socket Number Bus Number f Memory Range 1 E Memory Range 2 f IRO Level PXI Slot Number PXI Chassis Number Figure 2 Device Name Setup Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 0x 12FE 1BF UNE OxB OxF 4107000 OxF4107 OxF 4104000 OxF4105 Ox 10 Drivven Inc DCAT Chassis 1 PXI 1031 Measurement amp Automation Explorer File Edit View Tools Help Configuration bal Save pf Revert Eh Open VISA Test Panel Zi Show Help Sr My System
137. e ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted MEP Stats Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains the Statistical cluster Each element in the array correlates to a calculated value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results MEParea Results Cluster MEParea Results ctl This control contains the MEP calculations results Size 100 132 Size ctl This control defines the size of rolling average used in statistics Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Update Rate 1 Cycles 132 Update Rate ctl Update rate defines the number of cycle between rolling statistical calculations The minimum maximum and mean values are updated every cycle Misfire Stats RT reentrant normal priority This VI calculates the statistics for the calculated misfire values This VI is good for up to 16 Cylinders Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 180 Drivven Inc DCAT Size 100 Initialize EE Cylinder Hen eee isfire 5 Misfire Results Mite ae SC Status in 3 Exclude From Stats Fy ee Update Rate 1 Cycles Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or O i
138. e data processing range to the maximum values Listbox Refnum This control is a listbox reference The listbox is used select the parameters shown on the XY graph New Data F Boolean This control should be set true when new data is available It will replace the stored data when new data is available Process Range Refnum This control is a slider control reference The slider should have two cursors It is used to select the range of data for processing Stats Array This control contains all the statistical data for all cylinder all cycles and all properties Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 123 Drivven Inc DCAT Stats Out Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Summary Table Refnum XY Graph Refnum This control is a reference to an XY graph The XY graph is used to display the trends of the properties HR Stats Post Process normal priority This VI calculates the statistics for an array of the calculated heat release analysis values HR Stats Status out Exclude From Stats EI Exclude From Stats F Array Exclude From Stats Array ctl This control contains an array that can be used to exclude individual values from the statistics calculations If the array is empty all values will be used Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical calculations This may be d
139. e first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample File Read Properties from TDMS normal priority This VI reads the channel setups file saving setup and engine setup from the TDMS file properties eas uDCAT tdms file out Configuration Clusters ma Save Setup error out User Property Values User Property Names tdms file in error in Configuration Clusters Cluster Configuration Clusters ctl This control contains a cluster of all the setup clusters It is used to pass all of the setup clusters to the saving VIs Save Setup Cluster Save Setup ctl This control contains the file saving setup TDMS file in Refnum This control is a standard TDMS file reference TDMS file out Refnum This control is a standard TDMS file reference User Property Names Array User Property Names ctl This is an array of user property names with each element corresponding to each element in the user property values array User Property Name String User Property Name User Property Values Array User Property Values ctl This is an array of user property values with each element corresponding to each element in the Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 116 Drivven Inc DCAT user property names array The flatten to string VI may be used to convert any data type to a string User Proper
140. e first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Sampling Enable Boolean This control should be wired to the sampling enable for the DCAT sampling supervisor VI in the FPGA Start Requested Boolean This control should be set true and held true in order when sampling Setting the control to false will reset the VI Synchronization Enable Boolean This control should be connected to the engine position tracking synchronization enable control error in Cluster This control is the standard LabVIEW error cluster error out Cluster This control is the standard LabVIEW error cluster License DCAT normal priority This VI checks the Activation Key and unlocks the DCAT SubVlIs This VI must be the first VI on the Status Control Path An Activation Key may be provided on the block diagram If no key is provided the license dat file in the license directory will be used The default license directory is C ni rt System License Directory Activation Keys Status in Computer ID Activated Status out Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 109 Drivven Inc DCAT Activated Boolean This control indicates if the system is activated or un activated Activation Keys Array The activation keys may be used as an alternative to using a file containing the activation keys If this control contains any values the licensing file is ignored Activation Key String Activation Key Computer ID
141. e full NC Queue Use Fraction Single Float Buffer Use ctl This control displays the fraction of the buffer or queue that is currently used RT Queue Overflow Boolean Queue Overflow ctl This control displays true if any of the queues are full RT Queue Use Fraction Single Float Buffer Use ctl This control displays the fraction of the buffer or queue that is currently used Raw Queue Overflow Boolean Queue Overflow ctl This control displays true if any of the queues are full Raw Queue Use Fraction Single Float Buffer Use ctl This control displays the fraction of the buffer or queue that is currently used SamplePeriod s Time ms Array SamplePeriod and Time ctl Synchronous array contains the sample period from the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays SamplePerid s Time ms Double Float Sample Period s Time ms Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 115 Drivven Inc DCAT Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Stop Boolean Stop ctl This control stops the VI and clears the stored data in the VI It should be used during the last loop of the cycle Fe Synchronous Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system Th
142. e trends may be filtered using the controls below the list box Please note that trends are updated periodically Therefore not every cycle of data will be displayed in the trend DCATAdvanced User Interface vi o xe DRIVVEN l Noise Knock amp Misfire l 969 719 Speed RPM 1667488 Timer us 1892 Cyde i RTQueue Em RTAlignBuffer NCQueue em PP Value Cyli kPa abs BAM PP Value Cyl2 kPa abs EE PP Value Cyl3 kPa abs M PP Value Cyl4 kPa abs BEM ni AN Na md fei Mb Aida Adel MA Ai d A0 AAO AAA A hA H Ay CA AW Ate Ga le E e SC Wir Wal B il G Lk 92 4344 815 623 MB PlotScale 60 to 60 LocPP Value Cyl4 CR Lar NN Memes Cd ComputerID Activated ADWL JHFJ 1 00 50PM 1 01 15PM 1 01 40PM 1 02 05PM 1 02 30PM 1 02 55PM 1 03 20 PM 12 29 2009 12 29 2009 12 29 2009 12 29 2009 12 29 2009 12 29 2009 12 29 2009 Time 50 RollingAvaSize 1 UpdateStats Figure 55 Trends Tab Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 60 Drivven Inc DCAT Summary The Summary tab shown in Figure 56 displays a single table of all calculated values and associated rolling statistics The values in the summary table are a collection of the same table values from the previous tabs Please note that the Mean Effective Pressure MEP results and the misfire results are only displayed in the Summary tab table Below is a definition of the MEP calculations IMEP Indicated MEP over the firing portion of the c
143. ecorded with the asynchronous sampling ReducedDivide U32 Displays the divide applied to the sampling resolution to obtain the reduced resolution Actual TDC_Offset CAD Single Float Displays the actual top dead center offset used by the software This value shows closest sample to the specified TDC_ Offset TDC_Fine_Adj CAD Single Float Specifies a partial sample resolution adjustment of the measurement waveforms The data will be resampled by a fractional amount in software and is therefore may slow the system EnsembleEnable Boolean Specifics if the ensemble averaging is enabled The ensemble average of the cycle waveforms happens in the alignment VI EnsembleSize U32 Specifies the number of cycles to ensemble average before data leaves the cylinder alignment Operator String Specifies the name of the engine operator NC Cutoff CAD Single Float Specifies the crank angle past TDC to start the next cycle calculations This value must be set so that the required calculations have enough data to calculate properly but should be as soon as possible to allow more time for calculations NG Enable Boolean Specifies if the next cycle control calculations are enabled The next cycle controls may be used to perform next cycle control based on the calculated parameters OtherStrokes U32 Specifies the number of strokes when using other stroke Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 91 Drivven Inc DCAT Volu
144. ect Only the name and current value are saved in the file The file statistics are calculated and save when the file closes o Ensemble Average Array Add the data array and data name to the Synchronous and Synchronous Data Names array inputs of the Save Summary VI The data will be ensemble averaged while saving a file o Other Data Open a new TDMS reference using the Current Path output Add your data using the TDMS write functions Take care to not write data to the location used by DCAT Close the TDMS reference when finished or the system may slow or crash How do add data to my raw data file o Properties Once per File Wire the data to the User Property Values and User Property Names inputs of the Stream Raw Data To Disk VI This information is stored as a text string in the final file It can be used to hold setup information or large sets of information using the Flatten to String function o Other Data Open a new TDMS reference using the Current Path output Add your data using the TDMS write functions Take care to not write data to the location used by DCAT Close the TDMS reference when finished or the system may slow or crash Why does Excel fail to open a TDMS files o The TDMS Excel plug in opens each property in a new column across the top of the spreadsheet Property fields are used to store all gt 255 of the configuration parameters However Excel 2003 is l
145. eed Ram amp OS Windows or Real Time DAQ Hardware Limitations Sampling Rate Response Times Engine Speed Cylinder Measurement Count Asynchronous Sampling Rate Medium Speed Data Number of Channels and Sample Rate FPGA Data Number of Channels and Sample Rate Encoder Resolution Calculation Parameters HDD Throughput User Calculations VVVVVVVV VV V Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 80 Drivven Inc DCAT VI Benchmarking Each of the following Vis was tested for the average execution required to run the VI The VI Times are not intended to be used as actual execution time but as a relative execution Larger number take longer to execute and smaller numbers execute faster For example the single zone heat release method calculations take approximately the same time as the mean effective pressure calculations VI Time us oise vi Cylinder Temp vi 7200pts HR Analysis vi 7200pts 7200pts Single Zone Smoothing Factor 1 60 to60 1181 HR Raw vi 7200pts Rassweiler Withrow Smoothing Factor 1 3406 60 to 60 7200pts Single Zone Dual Transducer Smoothing 7200pts Single Zone Heat Transfer PolyECor HR Raw vi Hayes HeatTransferCor Woschni 1978 Smoothing 12531 Factor 1 60 to 60 HR Raw vi 7200pts Single Zone Smoothing Factor 1 60 to 60 1359 Boxcar 5 7200pts Synchronous Array Stats vi 1000pts Decode TDC vi 7200pts DeSerializeU 16 vi 0 127 DeSerializeU32 vi LU pf 0 104
146. eed to determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire Misfire Results Array This array control contains misfire results Misfire Results Cluster Misfire Results ctl This control contains the results of the misfire calculations Misfire Stats Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains misfire results Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 126 Drivven Inc DCAT Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Pressure Ratio Stats Post Process normal priority This VI calculates the statistics for an array of the calculated pressure ratio analysis values Pressure Ratio Results PR Stats Status in Status out Exclude From Stats FI Exclude From Stats F Array Exclude From Stats Array ctl This control contains an array that can be used to exclude individual values from the statistics calculations If the array is empty all values will be used Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on some criteria Example if you need to determine the
147. en the peak pressure is less than a specified value 2 IMEP of Historic Detects a misfire wnen the NMEP is less than a specified percentage of the rolling average 3 IMEP Absolute Detects a misfire when the NMEP is less than a specified value PercentThreshold Single Float Specifies the percent threshold when using a misfire detection method requiring a percent threshold PressureThreshold kPa abs Single Float Specifies the pressure threshold when using a misfire detection method requiring a pressure threshold HistoryLength 132 Specifies a history length when using a misfire detection method that requires a history Pegging Setup Cluster Pegging Setup ctl This control contains the Pegging setup PegPressure kPa Single Float Specifies the pegging pressure PegLocation CAD Single Float Specifies the location of the center of pegging window PeggingMethod Enum U32 Specifies the pegging pressure method 0 None No pegging is applied to the cylinder pressure trace Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 101 Drivven Inc DCAT 1 Constant Pegs the cylinder pressure trace to a user specified value at a user specified location 2 Synchronous MAP Pegs the cylinder pressure trace to the MAP sensor at a user specified location 3 Polytropic Pegs the cylinder pressure trace to a user defined PolyC value over the PolyC calculation window PegAverage CAD Single Float Specifies the
148. er Property Values Array User Property Values ctl This is an array of user property values with each element corresponding to each element in the user property names array The flatten to string VI may be used to convert any data type to a string User Property Value String User Property Value error in Cluster This control is a standard LabVIEW error cluster error out Cluster This control is a standard LabVIEW error cluster uDCAT F Boolean UDCAT ctl This control turns on the uUDCAT setup It only needs to be connected when using uDCAT PostProcess Combustion Noise Stats Post Process normal priority This VI calculates the statistics for an array of the calculated combustion noise analysis values MEP Stats Status out Exclude From Stats Ei Combustion Noise Results Array This array control contains combustion noise results Combustion Noise Results Cluster Combustion Noise Results ctl Contains the results of the combustion noise results Exclude From Stats F Array Exclude From Stats Array ctl This control contains an array that can be used to exclude individual values from the statistics calculations If the array is empty all values will be used Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on some criter
149. er number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on some criteria Example if you need to determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Pressure Results Cluster Pressure Results ctl This control contains the basic pressure metrics calculations results Pressure Stats Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains the Statistical cluster Each element in the array correlates to a calculated value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Size 100 132 Size ctl This control defines the size of rolling average used in statistics Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Update Rate 1 Cycles 132 Update Rate ctl Update rate defines the number of cycle between rolling statistical calculations The minimum ma
150. ers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Single Float Absolute Cylinder Pressure Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information MEP Results Cluster MEP Results ctl This control contains the MEP calculations results Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process dVolume liter Array dVolume ctl Differential volume as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine dVolume Liter Single Float Differential Volume MEPalt normal priority This VI also calculates another variation of IMEP for a 4 stroke engine SAE Technical Paper FO4ANNUAL 411 It calculates the theoretical pressure of the cylinder after combustion and before ignition to determine the losses due to the valves The extra valve losses are moved from the IMEP to the PMEP value IMEP Integral P dV Vd From 180 to 180 CAD PMEP Integral P dV Vd From 360 to 180 and 180 to 360 CAD PMEP1 Integral P Pi dV Vd From 90 to 180 CAD PMEP2 Integral P Pi dV Vd From 18
151. es and stores the channel configuration for each cylinder Measurement out Measurement Indexes Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Measurement Indexes Array This control contains the indexes of the measurements associated with current cylinder The indexes are based on the Measureemins In and not the Measurements out Measurement Index 132 Measurement Index Measurement out Array This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Channel Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Measurements In Array This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Channel Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a meas
152. es the reverse filter coefficients 1st dimension corresponds to each element in the Coefficient Sample Rate and Filter Structure The second dimension represents the set of coefficients CoefficientSampleRates kHz Array Specifies the sample rates of the forward and reverse coefficients Each element in the array corresponds to a set of forward and reverse coefficients filter structure The element in the array matches the coefficients 1 dimensional element FilterStructure Array Specifies the filter structure of the forward and reverse coefficients Each element in the array corresponds to a set of forward and reverse coefficients filter structure The element in the array matches the coefficients 1 dimensional element Threshold Array Specifies the knock intensity thresholds One for each cylinder MinimumReferenceValue Single Float Specifies the minimum reference window value Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 97 Drivven Inc DCAT MEP Results Cluster MEP Results ctl This control contains the MEP calculations results IMEP kPa Array Displays the gross Indicated Mean Effective Pressure PMEP kPa Single Float Displays the Pumping Mean Effective Pressure NMEP kPa Single Float Displays the Net Mean Effective Pressure MEPalt Results Cluster MEPalt Results ctl This control contains the alternative MEP calculations results IMEPalt kPa Single Float Displays the alternative gross Indic
153. esirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on some criteria Example if you need to determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire Heat Release Results Array This array control contains heat release results Heat Release Results Cluster Heat Release Results ctl This array control contains combustion noise results Heat Release Stats Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains the statistical cluster Each element in the array correlates to a calculated value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Knock Stats Post Process reentrant normal priority This VI calculates the statistics for an array of the calculated knock analysis values Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 124 Drivven Inc DCAT Knock Stats Status out Exclude From Stats Ei Exclude From Stats F Array Exclude From Stats Array ctl This control contains an array that can be used to exclude individual values from the statistics calculations If the array is empty all values will be used Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical
154. essLoopError E ProcessError E NCError FreeDiskSpace 152475 MB DAQLoopTime 816 342 MB n CPU 90 973 RAM 775 ls PlotScale RawLoopTime 360 to 360 441 us RTLoopTime 1449 us NCLoopTime 0 us ComputerID wd Activated ADWL JHFJ 50 RollingAvaSize 1 UpdateStats Figure 47 Instantaneous Speed Tab Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 53 Drivven Inc DCAT PV Diagram A full screen diagram shown in Figure 48 may be helpful in general setup and alignment The button at the lower left of the plot may be used to switch between logP logV view and normal axis views In the log view the red lines represent the straight line generated from the polyC PolyE values The points on the red line show the PolyC PolyE calculation windows DCATAdvanced User Interface v o xX 999 973 Speed RPM 3976722 Timer us 48 Cyde RTQueue H RTAlignBuffer NCQueue mE 1 NCAlignBuffer RawQueue EE E SyncStopped E CrankStalled E RaweError E ProcessLoopError kPa abs E ProcessError m 152475 M8 41 579 Te emm DiskFull RAM DAQLoopTime 831 25 MB 758 us PlotScale RawLoopTime 360 to 360 458 us RTLoopTime 1454 us NCLoopTime 0 ls ComputerID Activated ADWL JHFJ i 50 RollingAvaSize 1 UpdateStats Figure 48 PV Diagram Tab Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 54 Drivven Inc DCAT Next Cycle Control The next cycle control tab shown
155. etup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 156 Drivven Inc DCAT Engine Speed RPM Single Float Engine Speed ctl Engine Speed for the current cycle of data It is updated once every cycle Noise Results Cluster Combustion Noise Results ctl This control contains the results of the combustion noise calculations Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Custom HR Analysis reentrant subroutine Calculates the location of a user specified Mass Fraction Burned from the Cumulative Heat Release Engine Setup CustomMFEB Tal Location of Mass Fraction B Mass Fraction Burned Status out Status in Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Location of Mass Fraction Burned CAD Array This control displays the location of the input mass fraction burned Location of Mass Fraction Burned CAD Single Float Location of Mass Fraction Burned Mass Fraction Burned Single Float This control specifies the desired mass fraction burned value Mass Fraction Burned Array Mass Fraction Burned ctl Mass fraction burned as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 cran
156. ex Remote Systems E ca RETOO3 Je Data PEPEE di Devices and Interfaces Hal Toi fe Je NI DAQmx Devices Dal Tei EI RI PXI System NI PXI 3106 Meee Chassis 1 PxI 1031 a Ze RIO Devices Pel Trig we Serial Pl Toai H J a Scales E G Software eel SONS LU Ga Hal To Hal Trig Hal Trig Pi d Pi d Pi Pi d 4 Figure 3 Trigger Setup Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 11 Drivven Inc DCAT Four external wiring jumpers are required for the DCAT system to work correctly The following pins of the multifunction DAQ accessory must be jumpered on each S Series card in the system For the BNC 2090A accessory 3 of 2OAWG wire with ends stripped to 0 25 should be used Source PXI 6122 PXI 6123 Terminals PFIO3 SSC PFI 04 PFIO8 PFI 09 Optional User Input Optional User Input POS Optional User Input Optional User Input Jumpers PO Digital Inputs start Trigger Trigger Sync User Data Trigger 2 Syne DCAT Data 1 d Trigger 3 Trigger 4 Dm Ki 2 Ui oe ei C a H Trigger 5 reduced Encoder Trigger 6 Trigger S Series Card Slot 3 Shown as Synchronous Star Trigger Sample Clack Figure 4 Digital Triggering Old Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 12 Drivven Inc DCAT Start Trigger Synchronous Sample Clock Asynchronous Sample Clock Synchronous Data Asynchronous Data Reduced Resolution Encoder FPGA C
157. f the cylinder walls including the piston and the head as a function of the crank angle Cylinder Area m2 Single Float Cylinder Area Cylinder Gas Temperature K Array Cylinder Gas Temperature ctl Cylinder Gas Temperature Estimate Cylinder Gas Temperature K Single Float Cylinder Gas Temperature Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Engine Speed RPM Single Float Engine Speed ctl Engine Speed for the current cycle of data It is updated once every cycle Heat Release Rate J CAD Array Heat Release Rate ctl Heat release rate as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution Covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Heat Release Rate J CAD Single Float Heat Release Rate Heat Release Setup Cluster Heat Release Setup ctl This control contains the heat release calculations configuration MEP Results Cluster MEP Results ctl This control contains the MEP calculations results Mass Fraction Burned Array Mass Fraction Burned ctl Mass fraction burned as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Mass Fraction Burned Single Float Mass Fraction Burned Pressure Result
158. ferent streams of data running at different sample rates It should be placed in a while loop with the FIFO and the Finished terminal should be connected to the Stop if True condition of the while loop This cannot be placed in a single cycle loop The FIFO should be a U64 with enough resources to handle the desired throughput The ID is used to differentiate between different streams of data The timestamp is used to correlate data with the high speed data ID Data Free Timer us FIFO Finished Data 132 FPGA Data FIFO U64 U64 Data for the FIFO Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 222 Drivven Inc DCAT Finished Boolean Indicates the end of the data for the current measurement FreeTimer us U32 FPGA Free Timer ID U8 Data Stream ID dcat_stream_fpga_data_i8 reentrant subroutine This VI converts unsigned integer data into a series of packets that can be placed in a FIFO and decoded by the real time system The VI may be used in several parts of an application for different streams of data running at different sample rates It should be placed in a while loop with the FIFO and the Finished terminal should be connected to the Stop if True condition of the while loop This cannot be placed in a single cycle loop The FIFO should be a U64 with enough resources to handle the desired throughput The ID is used to differentiate between different streams of data The timestamp is used to correlate data with t
159. from the statistical calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on some criteria Example if you need to determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Name String This control defines the name of the parameter Size in 100 132 Size ctl This control defines the size of rolling average used in statistics Size out 132 Size ctl This control defines the size of rolling average used in statistics Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Update Rate 1 132 Update Rate ctl Update rate defines the number of cycle between rolling statistical calculations The minimum maximum and mean values are updated every cycle Value Single Float This control is the current value Timer Lite reentrant subroutine This VI sets the output true for a single loop after the timer expires The timer automatically resets Time Target ms Time has Elapsed Time Target ms U32 This control determines the timer length Time has Elapsed Boolean This control indicates that the time has elapsed Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 202 Drivven Inc DCAT Up Down Counter reentrant subroutine
160. g rate of the DAQ card is not exceeded This feature is used when the crankshaft is accelerated and the extrapolated crank angle ticks are catching up to the current position at the rate of the 40MHz clock The MaxSampleRate is the maximum sample rate of the DAQ card and is used to govern the rate of EncAB output MaxSampleRate is configured as a ring control with 3 options of 250 KS s SOOKS s or 1 MS s However any value may be entered as a period in terms of 40MHz clock ticks PulseBuffer is an indicator of how many EncAB pulses are currently being buffered for rate governed output UseExtrap E CurrentPosition SE 2 SyncStopped e coon Encd EPTCamig EncAB EPTCrankSig PulseBuffer MaxSampleRate CurrentPosition U16 The current position from the EPT EPTCamSig Boolean The Cam Signal from the EPT EPTCrankSig Boolean The Crank Signal from the EPT EncAB Boolean The encoder A or encoder B signals Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 218 Drivven Inc DCAT EncZ Boolean The encoder Z signal MaxSampleRate U16 This control sets the maximum sample rate of the DAQ system PulseBuffer U8 Displays the number of pulses buffered by the system SyncStopped Boolean The Sync Stopped from the EPT UseExtrap Boolean This control enables the encoder extrapolation dcat_remove_pulse reentrant subroutine When enabled every other pulse on input signal is removed Enable Boolean Enables the remove ever
161. ghest priority It will be used to collect data b The second loop should have a loop rate and priority less than the first It will be used to stream data to the disk c The last loop should have a loop rate of faster than the cylinder events and the lowest priority It will be used to calculate real time parameters Figure 17 Simple Example Timed Loops 6 Add the DAQ code to the DAQ loop a Add the acquire data and write all FIFOs VIs b Add the setup VIs c Copy and add the Run FPGA VI from the example application The details of this VI will not be discussed here please open the VI for more details The FPGA reference should be updated before the VI will work The run FPGA VI is responsible for all of the FPGA operations including the following actions i Initialize and run FPGA ii Reserve PXI Triggers iii Set Calculate all EPT DCAT parameters iv EPT synchronization and monitoring v Enabling sampling Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 24 Drivven Inc DCAT Figure 18 Simple Example Run FPGA d Add CalPoints and any desired indicators The RT queue and ST Queue are used to stop the appropriate loops on an error condition e The loop counter can be used to initialize the Vis as long as the timing source is set to reset f The run state us used to stop the loop Data Acquisition SC ETF MCAT Control RawQueueError is 3 i DCAT Control A TQueueError DCAT C
162. gins according to the configuration of the first two tabs MotoringCylinder should be set to the cylinder number to be monitored A MotoringAverageSize may be used to average a specified number of cycles for performing the calculations on this tab Increasing this value will reduce the rate of updates The motoring polytropic coefficients of compression and expansion PolyC_motor and PolyE_motor are calculated here The crank angle ranges to be used for calculating these parameters are entered on the Pressure Metrics tab PolyC_motor and PolyE_motor are displayed graphically on the PV diagram Tolerance ranges may be set for these parameters as a quick check of engine geometry and TDC setup When motoring the TDC_Check method may be set to Peak_Pressure Spline Interpolation Half Peak Pressure or Most Probable The CalculatedTDCOffset is displayed and the TDC_Fine_Adj parameter may be adjusted to achieve a CalculatedT DCOffset of zero TDC_Fine_Adj may be use to correct partial encoder pulse offsets However setting TDC_Fine_Adj to a non zero value may reduce the overall performance of the system because it causes a re sampling of the measurement signals by linearly interpolating the arrays of data UDCAT provides several methods for pegging the cylinder pressure measurements Pegging refers to dynamically adjusting the cylinder pressure offset It is useful when using sensors that measure a dynamic pressure instead of an abs
163. gle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Volume Liter Single Float Cylinder Volume dVolume Liter Array dVolume ctl Differential volume as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine dVolume Liter Single Float Differential Volume Process Combustion Noise reentrant normal priority This VI calculates the combustion noise values The VI uses cylinder pressure to estimate the combustion noise The calculation method should produce values similar to the Lucas Noise Meter but has not been tested an engine in detail Measurement of Combustion Noise in Diesel Engines by A J Herbert M F Russell Engine Setup Absolute Cylinder Pressure Noise Results Engine Speed RPM Status out Status in Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Array Absolute Cylinder Pressure ctl Absolute cylinder pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Single Float Absolute Cylinder Pressure Engine S
164. h the data Note that all the setup clusters are available and may be used for post processing or they may be modified before post processing Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 70 Drivven Inc DCAT DCATAdvanced Open Raw Data File vi Front Panel on DCATAdvanced vproj My Computer File Edit View Project Operate Tools Window Help Figure 64 Open Raw Data File Front Panel DCATAdvanced Open Raw Data File vi Block Diagram on DCATAdvanced lvproj My Computer File Edit View Project Operate Tools Window Help SH Ewaveform Graph Wes Speed RPM Time ms Cyde Tes D kee Figure 65 Open Raw Data File Block Diagram The example can easily be modified to run all the cycles for all the cylinders in order to process an entire file To automatically process the entire file replace the while loop with two for loops that run for every cycle for every cylinder Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 71 Drivven Inc DCAT Example Post Processing Raw Files The raw data post processing example shows and example of how to display and reprocess a streaming raw data file The configuration settings can be changed and the statistics recalculated The front panel contains a several tab controls and several other controls to load files view data and process the data Example Post Process Raw File vi Front Panel on Combustion Analysis vproj My Computer File Edit View Project Operate Tools Window Help afu
165. h measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample This control is defined by Synchronous ctl Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Synchronous out Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample This control is defined by Synchronous ctl Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Timer us U32 Timer ctl Timer contains the current value of the FPGA free timer The time is updated once every cycle Measurement Names normal priority This VI generates a list of unique names for each channel based on the name given to the measurement The unique names are required to log them to the summary file A number is appended to measurements with duplicate names The Units are also appended to the name This VI also replaces the cylinder pressure with the pegged cylinder pressure if available Asynchronous Channels Medium Speed Setup EE FPGA Data Setup m7 e Synchronous Channels reese hf Cylinder Sc Cycle Average Data out Medium Speed in Je Synchronous out Absolute Cylinder Pressure Synchronous Names Synchronous in Asynchronous out FPGA FIFO Data ul eeneg Asynchronous Names Initialize Asynchronous in SamplePeriod 5 Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Array A
166. hat they will only be aligned and displayed with cylinder 1 This was done to reduce the processor and memory load associated with aligning and displaying these signals The manifold pressure is used for pegging of the cylinder pressure sensors and therefore should be associated with all applicable signals The signals will only be recorded to the raw data file once regardless of the cylinder association However the ensemble average in the summary file will be calculated for each cylinder association The measurement setups are as follows Measurement Name 1 Filter Cylinder Scaling Units Channel _ IL Cylinder Pressuret 1 1 Gan JL kPa Dev1 aio 2 Cylinder Pressure2 14 2 Gan kPa Devt ait_ AL CylinderPressure3 1 3 Gan kPa Devt ai2_ AL CylinderPressure4 1 4 Gan kPa Devt ai3_ 5 MAP 2 1234 Gain Offset kPa Devt aid o e 2 1 3 Leo A oa 7 Fuel Bal Pressure 4 1 Gain Offset MPa Devt ai6_ AL MAT L 1 Gain Offset K Dev1 ai7 The filters are grouped by the type of signal All of the in cylinder pressure sensors will be filtered using the same method using filter 1 The filters are setup as follows Use L Type Frequency Order Filter4 Cylinder Pressure IIR Filter 15 8 Filter2 Manifold Pressure IIR Filter 15 8 BCE ECH Filter4 Fuel Rail Pressure None Filter5 Manifold Temperature None Dri
167. he data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Medium Speed Sample Double Float Medium Speed Sample Medium Speed Setup Cluster Medium Speed Setup ctl This control contains the medium speed DAQ setup Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 205 Drivven Inc DCAT SamplePeriod s Time ms Array SamplePeriod and Time ctl synchronous array contains the sample period from the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays SamplePerid s Time ms Double Float Sample Period s Time ms Speed RPM Time ms Cycle Array STC ctl This array control contains the speed time and cycle The 0 index in the array is always speed The 1 index is always time The 2 index is always cycle number This array is only used by uDCAT Value Double Float Speed Time or Cycle Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Stop Boolean Stop ctl This control stops the VI and clears the stored data in the VI It should be used during the last loop of the cycle Synchronous Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acqui
168. he high speed data ID Data Free Timer us FIFO Finished Data 18 FPGA Data FIFO U64 U64 Data for the FIFO Finished Boolean Indicates the end of the data for the current measurement FreeTimer us U32 FPGA Free Timer ID U8 Data Stream ID dcat_stream_fpga_data_u16 reentrant subroutine This VI converts unsigned integer data into a series of packets that can be placed in a FIFO and decoded by the real time system The VI may be used in several parts of an application for different streams of data running at different sample rates It should be placed in a while loop with the FIFO and the Finished terminal should be connected to the Stop if True condition of the while loop This cannot be placed in a single cycle loop The FIFO should be a U64 with enough resources to handle the desired throughput The ID is used to differentiate between different streams of data The timestamp is used to correlate data with the high speed data Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 223 Drivven Inc DCAT ID Data Free Timer us FIFO Finished Data U16 FPGA Data FIFO U64 U64 Data for the FIFO Finished Boolean Indicates the end of the data for the current measurement FreeTimer us U32 FPGA Free Timer ID U8 Data Stream ID dcat_stream_fpga_data_u32 reentrant subroutine This VI converts unsigned integer data into a series of packets that can be placed in a FIFO and decoded by the real time sy
169. he value added to the cylinder pressure to convert it to an absolute pressure PreChamber Pressure kPa Array PreChamber Pressure ctl PreChamber pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine PreChamber Pressure kPa Single Float PreChamber Pressure Pressure Setup Cluster Pressure Setup ctl This control contains the basic pressure metrics calculations setup Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Volume Liter Array Volume ctl Calculated volume of the cylinder as a function of the crank angle Volume Liter Single Float Cylinder Volume Scale reentrant normal priority This VI scales the raw signals to engineering units based on one of several methods Gain Only Multiplies the signals by the gain values Fast Gain and Offset Multiplies the signals by the gain values and adds the offset values Fast Table Uses the lookup tables to determine final value Slow Polynomial Uses a function in the form of y f x ex 2 x exp 2 x 1 to determine the final value Slower Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 150 Drivven Inc DCAT FPGA Data Setup Asynchronous Measurements Me
170. ia Example if you need to determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 122 Drivven Inc DCAT Noise Stats Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains the statistical cluster Each element in the array correlates to a calculated value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Control Chart PP normal priority This VI controls a waveform graph 2d single with 2 cursors to show a processed trend This VI updates the data when New Data is true Data is only needed when New Data is true When New Data is false the VI updates a trend graph of all cylinders for the parameter specified by the selected item in the list box The process range slider defines the position of the cursors Only the values that were processed will show up in the plot therefore it may be desirable to first run the processing 1 time with the entire range selected Summary Table FullRange EI ce Listbox AY Graph Process Range New Data Fi eee Cycle Array This control contains the cycle number for each cycle of processed data Cycle U32 Cycle Number Full Range F Boolean When true this control sets th
171. ignals are connected directly to the inputs during normal operation and connected to the simulated signals while SimEnable is TRUE ept_enc_vte4_dcat_revb reentrant normal priority Engine Position Tracking VI Pattern Type Encoder Extrapolation Level 4 Bits To be placed within a single cycle loop of an FPGA block diagram executed at 40 MHz See the Pattern Specific Information section in the EPT User Manual EPTContral ie EPTData EPTInSig EPTOutSig EPTControl Cluster Cluster of control parameters for configuring engine position tracking for a specific pattern type EPTData Cluster Cluster of status information related to engine position tracking EPTInSig Cluster Cluster of crank and cam input signals used by the EPT for tracking engine position EPTOutSig Cluster Cluster of crank and cam outputs These signals are connected directly to the inputs during normal operation and connected to the simulated signals while SimEnable is TRUE ept_enc_vte6 dcat_revb reentrant normal priority Engine Position Tracking VI Pattern Type Encoder Extrapolation Level 6 Bits To be placed within a single cycle loop of an FPGA block diagram executed at 40 MHz See the Pattern Specific Information section in the EPT User Manual EPTCentrol ee EPTData EP TInSig EPTOutsig Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 227 Drivven Inc DCAT EPTControl Cluster Cluster of control parameters for configuring engine
172. imited to 255 columns Open the TDMS plug in properties and turn off custom property imports How do I customize the user interface o The user interface is a standard LabVIEW VI It may be modified with LabVIEW development tools to meet user requirements The file should be saved in a new location so that updating DCAT installation does not overwrite the changes What font is used in the example applications o The example applications use Tahoma size 13pt as the default font In some circumstances a different size is used Why am I getting DAQ errors o Make sure that the hardware is set up properly in the Measurements and Automation Explorer and that the Measurement Setup tab has the proper physical channel names o Verify that the device is not being used for other DAQ tasks o Verify that a single DAQ card in not used for synchronous and asynchronous measurements Why is the top of the pressure signal clipped flat o The signals will appear flat when the charge amplifier is outputting a value greater than the DAQ card or the charge amplifier output is at its maximum o Reset the charge amplifier to set the zero offset pressure o Adjust the output gain of the charge amplifier Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 85 Drivven Inc DCAT What do do if am having trouble obtaining encoder sync o Verify that the Cam Crank TDC signals are set up correctly polarity offsets extensions etc o The TDC
173. in Figure 49 was designed to provide a framework and example for next cycle control The example is set up to calculate the pressure metrics and heat release using the same settings that are used for the normal DCAT calculations The control strategy found in the example was designed to be a framework and is therefore not complete The next cycle tab is divided into two sections The left side of the tab is dedicated to calculating the parameters and verifying that the calculations complete in an appropriate time The right side is dedicated to the implementation of the control strategy The next cycle control must be enabled on the engine setup tab The NC_Cutoff found on the engine setup page and NC_AlarmAngle are used to specify the acceptable start and end angles of the calculation The calculations should begin after the NC_Cutoff angle and will produce a true value in the NC_ Alarm if not finished by the NC_AlarmAngle The alarm angle is used to verify that the engine controller has enough time to apply the newly calculated value to the control strategy The NC_Watchdog increments with the cycle number If the engine controller should verify that the NC_Watchdog is incrementing occasionally or default to a safe state A dial and plot show the estimated angles that the different steps in the process complete The framework for the control provides a table used to lookup the setpoint of the parameter based on speed and load The calculated parameter
174. in Only Gain and Offset Table or Polynomial The table method is slow and the polynomial is very slow 0 Gain Only Uses only the gain to scale the measurement Some alternative method for setting the offset may be used Ex Gain x 1 Gain and Offset Uses the gain and offset to scale the measurement Ex Gain x Offset 2 Table Linearly interpolates values on the table to determine the output value The output is bounded by the output array values on the table The input array should be monotonically increasing 3 Polynomial Uses a polynomial to scale the measurement This method should be avoided because the calculations are slow TableCalibration Array Specifies the table calibration to use when the Scaling Method is set to Table The table values are interpolated to determine the results Polynomial f x String Specifies the polynomial to use when scaling method is set to polynomial The polynomial is in the form of y f x Example x 12 exp x MeasurementType Enum U32 Specifies the type of measurement This determines how the processing will use the channel 0 Undefined Specifies that the measurement is not one of the defined types 1 Cylinder Pressure kPa Specifies that the measurement is the primary cylinder pressure measurement Only one measurement per cylinder should be defined as a cylinder pressure 2 PreChamber Pressure kPa Specifies that the measurement is a prechamber pressur
175. ingle Zone Dual Transducer Heat Transfer Single zone approximation using a main chamber and pre chamber pressure sensor with heat transfer 4 Modified Rassweiler and Withrow Modified Rassweiler and Withrow approximation 5 Pressure Ratio Pressure ratio of measured pressure and calculated motoring pressure StartMethod Enum U32 Specifies the method used to start the mass fraction burned calculations 0 Constant Calculations start at the specified start angle 1 N Below Zero Calculations start after the start angle when N consecutive samples are below zero 2 Boxcar Average Below Zero Calculations start after the start angle when the boxcar average is below zero 3 N Above Zero Calculations start after the start angle when N consecutive samples are above zero 4 Boxcar Average Above Zero Calculations start after the start angle when the boxcar average is above zero Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 94 Drivven Inc DCAT StartN 132 Specifies N value used in some of the start of heat release calculations EndMethod Enum U32 Specifies the method used to end the mass fraction burned calculations 0 Constant Calculations start at the specified start angle 1 N Below Zero Calculations start after the start angle when N consecutive samples are below zero 2 Boxcar Average Below Zero Calculations start after the start angle when the boxcar average is below zero EndN 132 Specifies N v
176. isfire Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted PR Stats Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains the Statistical cluster Each element in the array correlates to a calculated value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Pressure Ratio Results Cluster Pressure Ratio Results ctl This control contains the pressure ratio calculations results Size in 100 132 Size ctl This control defines the size of rolling average used in Statistics Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Update Rate 1 Cycles 132 Update Rate ctl Update rate defines the number of cycle between rolling statistical calculations The minimum maximum and mean values are updated every cycle Pressure Stats RT reentrant normal priority This VI calculates the Statistics for the calculated pressure analysis values This VI is good for up to 16 cylinders Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 183 Drivven Inc DCAT Size 100 Initialize Pressure Stats Status out Exclude From Stats E Update Rate 1 Cycles Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylind
177. isplays the polytropic coefficient of expansion calculations results Intake kPa abs Single Float Displays the intake pressure based on cylinder pressure Exhaust kPa abs Single Float Displays the exhaust pressure based on cylinder pressure Pressure Setup Cluster Pressure Setup ctl This control contains the basic pressure metrics calculations setup PPMethod Enum U32 Specifies the method used to calculate the pressure metrics calculations 0 Standard The peak pressure and related values are set using the maximum value in the window 1 Spline Very Slow The peak pressure and related values are set using a spline curve fit near the maximum value StartPP CAD Single Float Specifies the start of the peak pressure calculation window EndPP CAD Single Float Specifies the end of the peak pressure calculation window StartExhaust CAD Single Float Specifies the start of the exhaust calculation window EndExhaust CAD Single Float Specifies the end of the exhaust calculation window Startintake CAD Single Float Specifies the start of the intake calculation window Endintake CAD Single Float Specifies the end of the intake calculation window StartPolyC CAD Single Float Specifies the start of the polytropic coefficient of compression calculation window EndPolyC CAD Single Float Specifies the end of the polytropic coefficient of compression calculation window Drivven Inc 2
178. ital inputs The EncABOut and EncZOut outputs can be used as the Clockln and StartTriggerln inputs respectively to the DCAT standard data VI AsynecClkIn Divide AsyncClkOut Cycles re Free Timer uSec Enable l E CycleCount SyncStopped E nan Fnc F Out FneFin emcee l eee FncAB Out FncABIn eee AsyncClkin Boolean AsyncClkOut Boolean CycleCount U32 Cycles U32 Divide U16 Enable Boolean EncABln Boolean EncABOut Boolean EncZlIn Boolean EncZOut Boolean FreeTimer uSec U32 Returns the value of a free running counter at the time the VI wakes up A free running counter rolls over when the counter reaches the maximum of lt B gt Size of Internal Counter lt B gt specified in the configuration dialog box SyncStopped Boolean dcat_std_data_reva reentrant normal priority This VI accepts input values of FreeTimer from DCAT Sample Supervisor PeriodAccum from the EPT and CycleCount from DCAT Sample Supervisor These values are serialized with a UART protocol to be sampled by the S Series digital input 0 This standard DCAT data is sampled along with angle based and time based data and decoded by real time DCAT VIs This data is stored with the analog data This enables the engine speed cycle count and FreeTimer to be known for each engine cycle Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 220 Drivven Inc DCAT The data values are serialed in the following order Free Timer uSe
179. ity This VI calculates the statistics for the calculated mean effective pressure values This VI is good for up to 16 Cylinders Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 178 Drivven Inc DCAT Size 100 Initialize SREESREESNEE RSR SESR Se Cylinder HEES MEPalt Results Fa conga Status in Exclude From Stats F 1 i Update Rate 1 Cycles Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on some criteria Example if you need to determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted MEP Stats Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains the Statistical cluster Each element in the array correlates to a calculated value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results MEPalt Results Cluster MEPalt Results ctl This control contains the MEP calculations results
180. ivven Inc DCAT Synchronous Sample Single Float Medium Speed Sample SamplePeriodin s Array SamplePeriod and Time ctl Synchronous array contains the sample period from the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays SamplePerid s Time ms Double Float Sample Period s Time ms SamplePeriodOut s Array SamplePeriod ctl Synchronous array contains the sample period from the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays Waveform Single Float Sample Period Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Synchronous Digital Array Synchronous Digital ctl Digital signals recorded by the DAQ system The first dimension corresponds to each channel of digital data The second dimension corresponds to each sample Digital Sample Boolean Digital Sample Synchronous Measurements Array Synchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the synchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties asso
181. ize needed and operate more efficiently Plot Reference Refnum This control is a reference to the X Y graph of the data x Axis Reference Refnum This control is a reference to the x axis array Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 190 Drivven Inc DCAT y Axis Reference Array This control is a reference to the data array y Axis Reference Refnum Y Axis Reference Control Plot X Axis normal priority This VI may be used to control the X axis scaling of a large number of XY graphs that use crank angle as the X axis End Start Plots Settings End Single Float This control defines the end angle when using custom settings Plots Array This control contains the references to the plots to be controlled PR MFB Plot Refnum Plot Settings Enum U32 This control can be set to different pre set windows or set to custom Start Single Float This control defines the start angle when using custom settings Control Plot reentrant normal priority This VI controls a typical plot on the host VI The VI accepts a plot XY Graph reference a 1D array reference for the x axis and a 2D array for the y axis The axis labels are automatically set up based on the array names and units Up 16 cylinders of data will be plotted based on the value of Cylinder Count Cylinder Count 16 Plot Reference x Axis Reference y Axis Reference l Engine Average 1 aeee Cylinder Count 16 U32 Numbers of cylinders to
182. k angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Mass Fraction Burned Single Float Mass Fraction Burned Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Cylinder Temp reentrant subroutine This VI calculates the cylinder temperatures based on the Ideal Gas Law Intake and exhaust temperature and Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 157 Drivven Inc DCAT pressure must be known along with the valve timing The exhaust conditions are only needed if the Residual Fraction is used T Tivc Pive Vive P V Tivc Ti 1 f 1 39 Te Pi Pe n 1 n f T Instantaneous Cylinder Temperature K Tivc Cylinder Temperature at Intake Valve Closing K P Instantaneous Cylinder Pressure kPa Pivc Cylinder Pressure at Intake Valve Closing kPa V Instantaneous Cylinder Volume liter Vive Cylinder Volume at Intake Valve Closing liter Ti Intake Manifold Temperature K Te Exhaust Manifold Temperature K Pi Intake Manifold Pressure kPa Pe Exhaust Manifold Pressure kPa f Residual Fraction Temp Setup Pressure Results Absolute Cylinder Pressure Cylinder Gas Temperature K Status out Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Array Absolute Cylinder Pressure ctl Absolute cylinder pressure as a function of crank
183. l This control contains the heat release calculations results 5 MFB CAD Array Displays the 5 mass fraction burned calculations results 10 MFB CAD Array Displays the 10 mass fraction burned calculations results 50 MFB CAD Array Displays the 50 mass fraction burned calculations results 75 MFB CAD Array Displays the 75 mass fraction burned calculations results 90 MFB CAD Array Displays the 90 mass fraction burned calculations results Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 93 Drivven Inc DCAT MHRR J CAD Array Displays the maximum heat release rate calculations results LocMHRR CAD Array Displays the location of the maximum heat release rate calculations results Heat Release Setup Cluster Heat Release Setup ctl This control contains the heat release calculations configuration EndAngle CAD Single Float Specifies the end or window end of the heat release calculations StartAngle CAD Single Float Specifies the start or window start of the heat release calculations HeatReleaseMethod Enum U32 Specifies the heat release method used to calculate heat release and mass fraction burned 0 Single Zone Single zone approximation without heat transfer 1 Single Zone Dual Transducer Single zone approximation using a main chamber and pre chamber pressure sensor without heat transfer 2 Single Zone Heat Transfer Single zone approximation with heat transfer 3 S
184. l temperature This VI generates a Wall Temperature value for each CAD based on the Following Constant Creates an Array of Temperature equal to T_wall K Linear Creates an Array of Temperatures equal to T_wall K T_TDC K 1 exp c x x c c In T_TDC K T_BDC K T_ Wall Wall Temperature K T TDC Wall Temperature at TDC K TI BDC Wall Temperature at BDC K x Relative Stroke Fraction c Intermediate Value The Start of Combustion is Base on One of Several Methods Constant User Defined Start of Combustion Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 161 Drivven Inc DCAT N Below Zero Starts the Heat Release Cumulative Fraction when the Heat Release Contains N Consecutive Values Below Zero after the Starting Crank Angle Boxcar Average Below Zero Start the Heat Release Cumulative Fraction when the N Point Boxcar Average of the Heat Release Value is Below Zero after the Starting Crank Angle N Above Zero Starts the Heat Release Cumulative Fraction at the last Point where the Heat Release Contains N Consecutive Values Below Zero before TDC Boxcar Average Above Zero Start the Heat Release Cumulative Fraction at the last Point where the N Point Boxcar Average of the Heat Release Value is Below Zero Before TDC The End of Combustion is Base on One of Several Methods Constant User Defined End of Combustion N Below Zero Ends the Heat Release Cumulative Fraction when the Heat Release C
185. l to be sampled by an S Series digital input Multiple dcat_data8 VIs can be daisy chained to provide multiple serialized U8 values This data is sampled along with angle based and time based data and decoded by real time DCAT VIs This data is stored with the analog data This enables various control and DAQ parameters to be known for each engine cycle Each 8 bit word is encoded with 1 start bit logic high and 2 stop bits logic low The rising edge of the first start bit coincides with the rising edge of the first sample clock after the start trigger Each data bit is encoded with 2 sample clocks It is required by the user to ensure that all data bits can fit within the number of sample clocks within each engine cycle Otherwise the decoding logic will be out of sync The first VI in the daisy chain should have a constant FALSE boolean wired to the Serialln input The EncABOut and EncZOut outputs of the DCAT Sample Supervisor should be wired to the ClockIn and StartTrigger respectively The SerialOut EndTrigger and ClockOut outputs should be wired directly to the Serialln StartT rigger and Clockln of the next daisy chained VI Only one data type may be serialized to one data stream Us Data a j e Seri E ICH ut Serialln ae SE E EndTrigger Sta rtTrigger spy i ClodkOut Clockin Clockin Boolean Sample Clock In ClockOut Boolean Sample Clock Out EndTrigger Boolean End Trigger Out Serialln Boolean Serial D
186. lation amount 8 Triggering This VI controls all the generation of all the synchronous and asynchronous triggering signals It is responsible for encoder resolution dividing and encoding data on the trigger lines 9 Clock and Trigger I O Nodes Assign sampling and trigger signals to the appropriate DAQ card slots based on the DAQmx setup These signals are carried over the PXI bus 10 Asynchronous FPGA Data FIFO Write data to the FGPA Data FIFO at the specified sample rate when the DCAT sampling is enabled 11 Synchronous FPGA Data FIFO Write data to the FGPA Data FIFO at specified crank angles when the DCAT sampling is enabled Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 39 Drivven Inc DCAT Reviewing the DCATAdvanced User Interface VI The advanced DCAT user interface was created using the process documented in the CalVIEW user s manual It contains a tab control which organizes the controls and indicators according to DCAT functionality The controls and indicators correspond to CalPoints within the RT application and are communicated between the RT target and the host by CalVIEW The DCAT toolkit contains several user interface Vis which are useful for the setup and control of strip charts plots and tables within the user interface These VIs have a grey body and are found in the tools DCAT Tools pallet For details please see the help for each of the VIs The example user interface contains several aspects that should be
187. ld also run when a loop is restarted Initialize out Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Medium Speed Setup Cluster Medium Speed Setup ctl This control contains the medium speed DAQ setup Medium Speed in Array Medium Speed ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Medium Speed Sample Double Float Medium Speed Sample Medium Speed out Array Medium Speed sgl ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Medium Speed Sample Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 208 Drivven Inc DCAT SamplePeriod s out Array SamplePeriod ctl Synchronous array contains the sample period from the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays Waveform Single Float Sample Period SamplePeriod s Time ms in Array SamplePeriod and Time ctl synchronous
188. le Float This control displays the actual top dead center offset that will be used by the data acquisition system It is the closest integer sample offset to the desired top dead center offset Asynchronous Valid Boolean This control indicates true when the synchronous sampling setup is acceptable It returns false when an error condition exists and overwrites the settings the default settings Engine Setup in Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Engine Setup out Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Reduced Divide U32 This control displays the divide value required to achieve the reduced resolution Reduced Resolution ppr U32 This control displays the reduced resolution encoder signal that is recorded with the asynchronous sampling to ensure that the encoder signal can be interpreted properly Sampling Resolution ppr U32 This control displays the final sample resolution to be used by the data acquisition system Synchronous Valid Boolean This control indicates true when the asynchronous sampling setup is acceptable It returns false when an error condition exists and overwrites the settings the default settings Read Channels normal priority Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 204 Drivven Inc DCAT WW rite K TI Weitere ea Medium Speed Setup AsyneChannelSetup E A Edge m Synchronou
189. le associated with a specific element in the sampled array Mass Fraction Burned Array Mass Fraction Burned ctl Mass fraction burned as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Mass Fraction Burned Single Float Mass Fraction Burned Wiebe Results Cluster Wiebe Results ctl This control contains the Wiebe function coefficients error in Cluster This control is the standard LabVIEW error cluster error out Cluster This control is the standard LabVIEW error cluster PreProcess Align to Cylinder normal priority This VI takes the raw data streams and divides it up into individual cylinder events This VI is to be called repeatedly and faster than each cylinder event It will return a single cylinder s data when the complete cylinder arrays are available If no new cylinder information is available a cylinder number of 1 is returned The VI will return an error if all the information cannot be processed but the VI will attempt to recover This VI also ensemble averages the waveforms and applies the top dead center fine adjustment from the engine setup cluster This VI also ensemble averages the data if enabled and windows the data if enabled The Medium Speed Data filtering is also applied in this VI Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 134 Drivven I
190. linder specified in DisplayCylinder The data is aligned with TDC scaled and filtered The undefined measurement types selected by MeasurementType_SyncX on the Measurement Setup tab are displayed on this tab according to the selected associated cylinder This is the only tab where undefined measurement types are displayed E DCATAdvanced User Interface vi up GE 360 300 250 200 150 E 0 6 A GER Figure 45 All Data Tab Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 CPU 86 0182 RAM 840 172 MB PlotScale RollingAvaSize UpdateStats 52 Drivven Inc DCAT E Ten Le E DRIVVEN Exhaust Temp Deg C iW i 999 973 Speed RPM Coolant Temp Deg C iw t 2328665 Timer us Oil Pressure kPa A S 2 Cyde RTQueue E D RTAlignBuffer l NCQueue E l NCAlignBuffer l RawQueue E DAQError E SyncStopped E CrankStalled E RaweError E ProcessLoopError E ProcessError E NCError FreeDiskSpace 152475 MB E DiskFull DAQLoopTime 812 429 MB 1453 us PlotScale RawLoopTime 60 to 60 579 us RTLoopTime 1128 us NCLoopTime 0 us ComputerID Activated ADWL JHFJ 50 RollingAvgSize 1 UpdateStats E DCATAdvanced User Interface vi oy x DRIVVEN 999 973 Speed RPM 5306651 Timer us 7120 Cyde l RTQueve EE H RTAlignBuffer l NCQueue mm l NCAlignBuffer l RawQueue EE E DAQError E SyncStopped E CrankStalled E RawError E Proc
191. loat Crank Angle Degrees CAT U16 Crank Angle Ticks Cylinder 1 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or 0 is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 185 Drivven Inc DCAT CAT2CAD dcat reentrant subroutine This VI calculates the crank angle ticks CAT associated with a specific crank angle degree CAD as DCAT sees it Engine Setup Cylinder 1 CAT CAD CAD Single Float Crank Angle Degrees CAT U16 Crank Angle Ticks Cylinder 1 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Combine Errors reentrant subroutine This VI combines 2 error clusters It is similar to the merge errors VI but it only merges 2 errors error in 1 no error a anra error in 2 no error error in 1 no error Cluster This error cluster is combined with the other error cluster error in 2 no error Cluster This error cluster is combined with the other error cluster error out Cluster This error cluster is the result of combining the 2 input clusters Control Chart reentrant
192. locks within each engine cycle Otherwise the decoding logic will be out of sync The first VI in the daisy chain should have a constant FALSE boolean wired to the Serialln input The EncABOut and EncZOut outputs of the DCAT Sample Supervisor should be wired to the ClockIn and StartTrigger respectively The SerialOut EndTrigger and ClockOut outputs should be wired directly to the Serialln StartT rigger and ClocklIn of the next daisy chained VI Only one data type may be serialized to one data stream Goen ES ipii Lertaliut Serialin e ees End Trigger Sta rT rigger oe i ClodkOul Clockln errr Z Clockin Boolean Sample Clock In ClockOut Boolean Sample Clock Out EndTrigger Boolean Start Trigger Out Serialln Boolean Serial Data Line In SerialOut Boolean Serial Data Line Out StartTrigger Boolean Start Trigger In Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 215 Drivven Inc DCAT U16Data U16 This control contains the data to be encoded dcat_data32_reva reentrant normal priority This VI accepts a single U32 input value and serializes it with a UART protocol to be sampled by an S Series digital input Multiple dcat_data32 Vis can be daisy chained to provide multiple serialized U32 values This data is sampled along with angle based and time based data and decoded by real time DCAT VIs This data is stored with the analog data This enables various control and DAQ parameters to be known for each engine cycle Each 3
193. m the arrays Cylinder pressure pegging Write all data arrays to CalPoints for display Option to disable different sets of calculations Overwrites pressure with pegged pressure and gets a unique name Pressure Metrics Calculations Mean Effective Pressure Calculations Cylinder Temperature Calculations Heat Release Calculations m 33 keet Drivven Inc 2000e DCAT e Version 2 90 36 Drivven Inc DCAT D DCAT Control ProcessLoopErrgrText E error status DEE DCAT Control ProcessLoopError DCAT Sum ary Summary_ Counter g Stops aryFite Esz Control ProcessError DEAT Saranya oF a onapo a DCAT Summary SummaryPath Figure 37 Real Time Processing Loop b Combustion noise calculations Misfire calculations Knock calculations Cycle data arrays for the user interface Summary file saving 9 Next Cycle Control OSPR Read queue and align data Preprocessing data Calculate current crank angle estimate Calculate the first parameter Calculate the second parameter Read inputs control strategy and write outputs Calculate the final crank angel estimate Figure 38 Nest cycle Loop Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 37 Drivven Inc DCAT Reviewing the DCATAdvanced FPGA VI The FPGA application is used to control the triggering signals to the DAQ cards The FPGA can be configured to the handle all common sampling setups DCAT was de
194. may be loaded and viewed The calculated knock values are updated on each dataset when any of the windows change Knock dB Calculated Knock PtoPKnock Filtered Peak to Peak Value E DCATAdvanced User Interface vi C Lo x Percentage of Cycle Fast LocationMethod 7 KnockCalibrationCyiinder Asynchronous Oi 02 0 Of 05 6 07 8 09 0 tt 2R B 4 15 6 9 1400032 Timer us 4 Cyde RTQueue E H RTAlignBuffer 7796 61 10678 Hz Sam Error Figure 53 Knock Tab The Knock XControl Figure 54 is a graphical knock calibration tool It can be used to the BRIC windows and filters coefficients There are five parts of the tool Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT Version 2 90 58 Drivven Inc DCAT seen Data Set 5 E E al d d a G L EE E NE E EE EE Ee Ee Ee 177100 5000 5250 5500 5750 6000 6250 6500 6750 7000 7250 7500 7750 8000 Frequency Hz I I D 6500 7000 7500 8000 Frequency Hz A 2 5 Threshold a 0 02 MinimumReference kPa CAD Figure 54 Knock XControl 1 The summary displays up to 8 data sets Each data set may be saved or loaded from file Pressing the save or load button opens a file dialog box The clear button on the summary display clears the data set The display button turns on an off the corresponding waveforms on the plots below The color indicates the correspon
195. me Differential Cylinder Volume and Cylinder Area arrays are created using the engine geometry The size of the arrays corresponds to the sampling resolution c The arrays are written to global variables to be used in other parts of the program d The arrays are written to CalPoints to be used and displayed on the user interface 3 FPGA Initialization and clear FIFOs This section of code initializes and runs the FPGA The FPGA reference is used to access and control the FPGA parameters throughout the program The FPGA FIFOs are cleared during the setup mode so that they are ready to run when switched to the run mode p f moana i omana b Timeout ms To ining D Number of Elements v Timeout ms Data Figure 30 FPGA Initialize 4 Running State This section of code initializes the Queue states and sets the running state Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 33 Drivven Inc DCAT nET Queue lt EI D iis OI Tse S AH Fai TLE 5 Timed Loop Setup This VI uses some of the engine setup information and calculates the desired loop time for each of the four timed loops Les Figure 33 Timed Loop Setup 6 DAQ Loop This loop is the highest priority loop of a DCAT application because all other loops and tasks depend on the timely data it acquires Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 34 Drivven Inc DC
196. meFileEnable Boolean Specifies if the volume differential volume and area are read from a file instead of calculating the values based on the specified geometry VolumeFilePath String Specifies the volume file path when VolumeFileEnable is true WindowDataEnable Boolean Specifies if the cycle waveforms are windowed When enabled data outside the window will be set to zero WindowDataStart CAD Single Float Specifies the start of the data window WindowDataEnd CAD Single Float Specifies the end of the data window FPGA Data Setup Array FPGA Data Setup ctl This control contains the FPGA data stream setup FPGA FIFO Data Configuration Cluster FPGA Data Configuration ctl This control contains the FPGA Data configuration setup FPGA Measurement Cluster FPGA Data Configuration ctl This control contains the FPGA Data configuration setup FPGA_ID U8 Specifies the ID number associated with the data stream The ID is defined on in the FPGA to distinguish between the data streams FPGA Name String Specifies the name of the FPGA measurement This is used as the name of the channel saved in the summary data file FPGA_Units String Specifies the units of the measurement after the gain and offset are applied FPGA_Gain Single Float Specifies the gain required to convert the values from the FPGA to the specified units FPGA_Offset Single Float Specifies the offset required to convert the values from the FPG
197. measured peak pressure falls below a PercentThreshold of a rolling average of the measured peak pressure HistoryLength specifies the number of cycles to use for the rolling average NMEP of Historic Misfire is detected when the calculated NMEP falls below a PercentThreshold of a rolling average of NMEP HistoryLength specifies the number of cycles to use for the rolling average Next cycle control provides a framework for implementing next cycle control using DCAT This becomes particular useful when DCAT is implemented in the same system as an engine controller Please contact Drivven for more details Any of the calculated values may be used as feedback to the control NC_Enable enables the buffering and calculations required for the next cycle control The NC_ Cutoff specifies the angle to stop collecting data for each cycle Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 47 Drivven Inc DCAT ComputerID ADWL JHF3 RunState 50 RolingAvgSize 1 UpdateStats Figure 42 Engine Setup Tab Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 48 Drivven Inc DCAT Motoring TDC Alignment and Pegging The motoring tab shown in Figure 43 provides a place to check some of the key motoring parameters to ensure that the day to day variation of the engine is within acceptable ranges Various motoring pressure metrics are displayed here When the Motoring tab or any other tab to the right of the Engine Setup tab is selected data acquisition be
198. mple Single Float Medium Speed Sample Medium Speed out Array Medium Speed sgl ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Medium Speed Sample Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Synchronous Measurements Array Synchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the synchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Fe Synchronous in Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Synchronous out Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first
199. nal is not easy to acquire An alternative may be to use a threshold with the pressure signal or any analog signal that has a 720 CAD pattern to get a once per cycle signal This new signal would replace the cam signal Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 15 Drivven Inc DCAT Pressure Z Offset PThreshold N o W 8 O Gated EncZ sl 0 Crank Angle Figure 7 Encoder Diagram 2 The last variation to the FPGA triggering uses a quadrature encoder to increase the sampling resolution The sampling resolution can also be increased by using the EPT extrapolation A quadrature encoder can be used to increase the resolution by 2x or 4x To geta 2x increase in the sampling resolution the FPGA can be easily set up to watch for a rising or falling edge of the A encoder signal For a 4x increase in the sampling resolution the FPGA can be used to watch for a rising or falling edge of the A and B signals Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 16 Drivven Inc DCAT TDC Offset Pressure Cam N O W 3 O NI S C UI CH 2 D O lt S C W Crank Angle Figure 8 Encoder Diagram 3 The pervious examples are only a few examples of triggering setups The FPGA allows for a wide variety options to customize the triggering for any application Drivven Inc
200. nc Medium Speed Setup Asynchronous Measurements Synchronous Measurements Initialize in Medium Speed in Synchronous in SamplePeriod n s FPGA FIFO Data in Asynchronous in Status in DCAT DEEEEEEEEEEEEEEER HR it OI Initialize out L Medium Speed out Synchronous out Engine Speed RPM SamplePeriodQut s Asynchronous out Cylinder Status out Timer us Cycle Buffer Use Fraction i OEE Asynchronous Digital Synchronous Digital FPGA FIFO Data out Asynchronous Digital Array Asynchronous Digital ctl Asynchronous Digital signals recorded by the DAQ system The first dimension corresponds to each channel of digital data The second dimension corresponds to each sample Digital Sample Boolean Digital Sample Asynchronous Measurements Array Asynchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the asynchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Fe Asynchronous in Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous
201. nchronous Sample Double Float Asynchronous Sample uAlign to Cylinder normal priority This VI takes the raw data streams and divides it up into individual cylinder events This VI is to be called repeatedly and faster than each cylinder event It will return a single cylinder s data when the complete cylinder arrays are available If no new cylinder information is available a cylinder number of 1 is returned The VI will return an error if all the information cannot be processed but the VI will attempt to recover Engine Setup 3 Medium Speed Setup AsyncChannelSetup Synchronous Channels Initialize in Initialize out Medium Speed in Timer us Synchronous in Synchronous out SamplePeriod s Time ms in Engine Speed RPM Speed RPM Time ms Cycle SamplePeriod s out uAsynchronous Medium Speed out Status in Status out Cylinder Cycle Buffer Use Fraction Asynchronous Asynchronous Digital Asynchronous Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Asynchronous Channels Array Asynchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the asynchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling
202. ndard LabVIEW error cluster Message Error out Array This control contains error messages recorded with the data Message Error out Cluster This control is the standard LabVIEW error cluster Messages Array Array of messages recorded in the summary file Message String Calculation errors and messages Summary Data Array This control contains the summary data in the file Summary Data Single Float Summary Data Summary Table Refnum This control is a refnum of a table to be filled with a summary data TDMS file in Refnum This control is a standard TDMS file reference TDMS file out Refnum This control is a standard TDMS file reference error out Cluster This control is a standard LabVIEW error cluster Save Summary From Stream normal priority This VI saves the results of the stats calculations to a TDMS file This VI must run once to create a file and once to close the file The Configuration Cluster and File Path are only required to be wired when the file is created Summary files are created in the same way that the Real Time summary files are created Cylinder Configuration Clusters Cycle file path Stats Data foc Create File F Close File E ie e Status in Synchronous Data Names 2222229929 Synchronous Data Speed Close File F Boolean This control should be set true when the file is to be closed It should remain false while creating the file and saving data to the file D
203. ndicator MeasurementType_Synci0 MeasurementType_Syncil MeasurementType_Synci2 MeasurementType_Sync13 MeasurementType_Synci4 MeasurementType_Synci5 MeasurementType_Sync16 MeasurementType_Sync2 MeasurementType_Sync3 be Wi 1 20 2009 2 26 25 PM 1 20 2009 2 26 16 PM 1 20 2009 2 26 16 PM 1 20 2009 2 26 14 PM 1 20 2009 2 26 08 PM 1 20 2009 2 26 08 PM 1 20 2009 2 26 05 PM 1 20 2009 2 25 46 PM 1 20 2009 2 25 45 PM 1 20 2009 2 25 37 PM Figure 23 Simple Example Pairing Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 UINT32 ENUM EE UINT32_ENUM Control UINT32_ENUM Control EUR UINT32_ENUM FA Control Control Control BEE E 28 Drivven Inc DCAT 11 Run the host application using CalVIEW DCATSimple User Interface vi v v v C r e Les EES Figure 24 Simple Example User Interface Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 29 Drivven Inc DCAT Reviewing the DCAT Advanced Example The DCAT Advanced example uses the same general data flow with the addition of an optional third path The third path in Figure 25 is used for next cycle feedback control In the next cycle control path the DAQ alignment is stopped early to allow the calculations to finish before the next cycle begins and only a few select calculations are preformed The example application also contains an estimate of the finish of the calculations to ensure that the calculations are finished at a reasona
204. ndow The two windows are compared to determine the final knock intensity value Engine Setup Knock Setup Cylinder Sync Acoustic Async Acoustic Status in Engine Speed RPM Asynchronous Digital Knock Results Status out Async Acoustic Array Asynchronous Acoustic ctl This control contains the asynchronous waveform It is only used when the source of the calculations is the asynchronous measurements Asynchronous Acoustic Single Float Asynchronous Acoustic Measurement Asynchronous Digital Array Asynchronous Digital ctl Asynchronous Digital signals recorded by the DAQ system The first dimension corresponds to each channel of digital data The second dimension corresponds to each sample Digital Sample Boolean Digital Sample Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 164 Drivven Inc DCAT Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Engine Speed RPM Single Float Engine Speed ctl Engine Speed for the current cycle of data It is updated once every cycle Knock Results Cluster Knock Results ctl This control contains the knock calculations results Knock Setup Cluster Knock Setup ctl This control contains the knock calculation setup Status in Cluster Statu
205. ndows embedded Real Time and FPGA environments However the DCAT example project is designed so that users with little LabVIEW experience can deploy the project on recommended hardware systems without difficulty DCAT is designed to run on a PXI system with the LabVIEW Real Time operating system DCAT can also run on a PXI system or PC running Windows However LabVIEW is limited the 1kHz clock rate 1ms loop rates in windows DCAT requires Drivven s CalVIEW Calibration toolkit for LabVIEW to operate Please reference the CalVIEW User s Manual for Instructions on setting up and activating CalVIEW After installing DCAT it must be activated in order to enable its components A Computer ID number is generated by the Licensing VI located under the DCAT DAQ pallet The Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 6 Drivven Inc DCAT Computer ID number must be e mailed to license drivven com along with your name company name address and telephone number Please allow 1 3 business days to validate your account and generate a key The Computer ID number uniquely identifies the computer being activated based on the MAC address es of your computer An activation key or keys 32 Characters ex 9DCJ RN79 QBEE TPKW BBAB GT3Z RXYC CFCW will be generated by Drivven and sent to the customer via reply email The key s will contain only the following characters ABCDEF G HJKLMNPQRSTWXY2Z3479 The activation key s may expire at a specific time if
206. nds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Synchronous Data Names Array This control contains the synchronous data names Synchronous Data Name String Synchronous Data Name Wiebe Parameters normal priority This VI calculates the Wiebe Parameters for a cumulative heat release profile The cumulative heat release profile is defined by the following equation x 1 exp a Theta Theta_soc dTheta m 1 x mass fraction burned Theta Crank Angle Theta_soc Crank Angle Start of Combustion Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 133 Drivven Inc DCAT dTheta Duration of Combustion a and m Wiebe Coefficients The input arrays to this VI should begin at the start of combustion and finish at the end of combustion If no solution can be found the VI will return values of a 5 and m 2 This VI should not run in the real time loop because it contains an iterative solver that may take some time to converge Crank Angle in ATDC Mass Fraction Burned error in Wiebe Results error out Crank Angle ATDC Array Crank Angle ctl Crank angle values to complement the synchronous arrays Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Crank Angle CAD Single Float Crank Ang
207. ner ee Asynch ronous Digital SamplePeriod s Last Cycle Frist Cycle Asynchronous Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Asynchronous Digital Array Asynchronous Digital ctl Asynchronous Digital signals recorded by the DAQ system The first dimension corresponds to each channel of digital data The second dimension corresponds to each sample Digital Sample Boolean Digital Sample Asynchronous Measurements Array Asynchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the asynchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement CAD Vol liter dVol liter Area m2 Array VolumeArrays ctl This indicator contains the data generated by the volume calculations or the volume file Single Float CAD Volume dVolume Area Cycle U32 Cycle ctl Cylinder associated with the current data set A cylinder number of 1 or 0 is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 1
208. ng the data by a integer number of samples will result in a faster calculation than shifting the array by a fractional number of samples Fe Cycle Array in Array This control is an original array Array Element Single Float Array Element Cycle Array out Array This control contains the resulting array Array Element Single Float Array Element Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Final Resolution ppr 182 This control defines the final resolution of the output array A value of zero will cause the output to be the same as the input Resample Cycle reentrant subroutine This VI re samples the cycle array by first shifting the array by the appropriate number of indexes and then by interpolating between indexes If ether step has a zero offset the step is skipped Engine Setup Cylinder Array im Cylinder Array out CAD Shift ATDC Final Resolution ppr Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 198 Drivven Inc DCAT CAD Shift ATDC Single Float This control defines the angle that the data is to be shifted Shifting the data by a integer number of samples will result in a faster calculation than shifting the array by a fractional number of samples Cycle Array in Array This control is an original array Array Element Single Float Array Element Cycle Array out Array This control contains the resulting array Array Element Single Float Array Element
209. ngle Float This control defines the angle at which the calculations must finish NC Cutoff CAD Single Float This control contains the cutoff angle for the next cycle calculations OtherStrokes U8 This control defines the start of the window used to calculate the polytrophic coefficient for compression Stroke2 4 Enum U32 Specifies a 2 or 4 stroke engine 0 4 Stroke 2 engine revolution per cycle 1 2 Stroke 1 engine revolution per cycle 2 Other User specified revolutions per cycle Control Overlay Plot reentrant normal priority This VI controls a typical plot on the host VI The VI accepts a plot XY Graph reference a 1D array reference for the x axis and a 2D array for the y axis The axis labels are automatically set up based on the array names and units Up 16 cylinders of data will be plotted based on the value of Cylinder Count Cylinder 0 EngAwg Cylinder Count 16 Plot Reference x Axis Reference y Axis Reference Cylinder 0 EngAvg U32 Numbers of cylinders to be calculated This value must be greater than or equal to the number of cylinders calculated Applying a number less than 16 allows the array sizes to be reduced to the actual size needed and operate more efficiently Cylinder Count 16 U32 Numbers of cylinders to be calculated This value must be greater than or equal to the number of cylinders calculated Applying a number less than 16 allows the array sizes to be reduced to the actual s
210. nt Panel Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 68 Drivven Inc DCAT co TER Save Results T Figure 62 Summary Post Processing Example Block Diagram Initialize the tables and plots Check for a DCAT license Open the TDMS combustion data file Load the configuration data from the file Load the summary data from the file and populate the table and plot Section open for user defined processes Section open for user defined saving O gt i E pa Naa Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 69 Drivven Inc DCAT Opening a Raw Data File A simple example of opening a data file has been included in the DCAT Advanced Example Please note that the raw data files start at an arbitrary crank angle and must be aligned using data encoded in the file The files store data as it is read from the device Therefore the individual cylinder offsets must also be accounted for In Figure 63 cycle X is the first available cycle LabVIEW VIs and examples have been provided to allow easy access to the cycle by cycle data without any need to know the specifics of the encoded data Stream Data Units Cycle X 1 360 0 360 720 1080 1440 1800 CAD Figure 63 Raw Data File The example opens the file and then allows the user to display a single cycle for a single cylinder The plot automatically formats to show the measurement names originally saved wit
211. ntains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Synchronous Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Stream Raw FIFO Read normal priority This VI reads the queue of raw data for the streaming to disk VIs Medium Speed Synchronous SamplePeriod s Time ms FPGA FIFO Data Asynchronous Status out Asynchronous Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample FPGA FIFO Data Array FPGA FIFO Data ctl FPGA Data array contains the samples recorded by the FPGA The first dimension in the array corresponds to the Time ms ID Data The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample FPGA Data Double Float FPGA Data Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 113 Drivven Inc DCAT Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when
212. ntrol CalVIEW inside the true case d Add 2 while loops to the true case of the outer structure The first loop will run periodically and check a run state CalPoint The state will write a global variable The variable is used at various points in the application to stop and start processes The second while loop holds the DCAT program e Create a case structure in the second while loop The case structure should be set by the run state global variable State 0 is for setup and state 1 is for running GGL LLL LLL LL LE LS LL LL LL LDL LE OE EEE ENTE EES D True sl E E rue 3 aq ei Er i S 2 CalVIEWMaster eoeesesoesesossceese oe dai i 3 DCAT Control RunState DCATSimple j4 e E Run State Les Ge DI Figure 15 Simple Example Target Program Start 4 Next add the setup case a Add the volume array VI This calculates the volume at every sample of the sampling resolution b Add the engine setup VI and connect its output to the volume array input c Adda volume results It contains CalPoints for each array so they can be displayed and used in the user interface d Add a timer to keep the VIs from loading the processor Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 23 Drivven Inc DCAT Volume Liter Figure 16 Simple Example Setup 5 Add 3 timed loops to the running case All of the timed loops should have a resetting timing source a The first loop should have a loop rate of 3 15 ms and the hi
213. ntrol is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the asynchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Asynchronous Digital Array Asynchronous Digital ctl Asynchronous Digital signals recorded by the DAQ system The first dimension corresponds to each channel of digital data The second dimension corresponds to each sample Digital Sample Boolean Digital Sample ConversionMethod Enum U16 Conversion Method ctl This control determines the method used to convert the asynchronous data to synchronous data 0 Fast This method uses a percentage of cycle to convert data 1 Accurate This method uses the reduced resolution to convert data Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Synchronous Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 138 Drivven Inc DCAT Synchronous Digital Array Synchronous Digital ctl Digital signals recorded by
214. ocation Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 TT Drivven Inc DCAT The engine setup is as follows Po Value Units Cylinder Count o 8 J 4 Stroke Yes Bore JL 00 Connection Rod Length Compression Ratio Encoder Resolution 360 Maximum Engine Speed 3500 Asynchronous Sample Rate TDC Offsets Cylinder TDC 1 Cylinder TDC 2 270 Cylinder TDC 3 630 Cylinder TDC 4 54 i 36 e 1 0 450 0 The calculations that are not needed may be disabled so that they are not using slowing the processors For this case study the following calculations were used Mean Effective Pressures Misfire ee Cylinder Temperature Heat Release Single Zone The number of synchronous measurements was set to 10 The cylinder pressure measurements were all placed on the first card and the manifold pressures were placed on the second Please note that the card is specified by the physical channel The map signals are associated with the appropriate cylinders Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 78 Drivven Inc DCAT Measurement Name Filter Cylinder Scaling Units Channel ji Cylinder Pressure 1 1 Gan kPa Dein 1 2 Cylinder Pressure2 1 2 Gan kPa Dev1 ai1 A Cylinder Pressure3 1 3 Gan kPa Devt ai2 4 Cylinder Pressured 1 4 Gan kPa Dev1 ai3 EN p41 5 Gain kPa Deia Cylinder Pressure6 1 6 Gain kPa Devt
215. of data The timestamp is used to correlate data with the high speed data FIFO Finished ID Data Free Timer us Data U8 FPGA Data FIFO U64 U64 Data for the FIFO Finished Boolean Indicates the end of the data for the current measurement FreeTimer us U32 FPGA Free Timer ID U8 Data Stream ID dcat_triggering reentrant normal priority This VI contains all of the triggering setup CycleCount SyncStopped 1 FreeTimer us SamplingEnable EE StartTime us SamplingCycles Waat TRIGO EncABDivide mmy ii TRIGL AsyncEncABDivide bike TRIG CikGenPenod i bt TRIGs PeriodAccum T See TRit4 Enc In eei er TRIGS EncABIn eee AsyncEncABDivide U16 Value to divide the encoder A and encoder B by to reduce the encoder resolution to create the reduced resolution A value of one should be used to leave the sample resolution alone CikGenPeriod U16 Asynchronous Clock Rate ms21 CycleCount CycleCount U32 Cylinder Count EncABDivide U16 Value to divide the encoder A and encoder B by to reduce the encoder resolution A value of one should be used to leave the sample resolution alone EncABln Boolean The encoder A or encoder B signal EncZlIn Boolean The encoder Z signal sz FreeTimer us FreeTimer us U32 FPGA Free Timer Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 225 Drivven Inc DCAT PeriodAccum U32 Cycle Period Time SamplingCycles U32 Specifies the number of cycles to sampl
216. ol is defined by Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Cycle U32 Cycle ctl Cylinder associated with the current data set A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Engine Speed RPM Single Float Engine Speed ctl Engine Speed for the current cycle of data It is updated once every cycle Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Synchronous Measurements Array Synchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the synchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 142 Drivven Inc DCAT measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Fe Synchronous in Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to eac
217. olute pressure Each selection of PeggingMethod is described below None No pegging method is implemented and the measured pressure wave form as calculated from the specified scaling parameters on the Measurement Setup tab is used Constant The average cylinder pressure PressureAvg not displayed over a specified crank angle range is calculated The center of the averaging range is specified by PegLocation in CAD The PressureAvg is calculated over a range before and after PegLocation specified by PegAverage in CAD The total angular range used to calculate PressureAvg is twice PegAverage The difference between the specified PegPressure and PressureAvg PegPressure PressureAvg is displayed in the PeggingValue table for each cylinder and is added to the entire pressure wave form for each cylinder Synchronous MAP Synchronous MAP is identical to Constant except that a Manifold Absolute Pressure MAP sensor is sampled engine synchronously and averaged over the same angular range MAPAvg not displayed MAPAvg is used instead of the Constant mode user specified PegPressure PegPressure is not used This method requires that a MAP sensor be connected to one of the measurement channels and configured on the Measurement Setup tab It should be assigned to all relevant cylinders using the AssociatedCylinders_SyncX check boxes Polytropic Uses the change in volume and pressure to determine the absolute pegging offset This method calculates the
218. ontains N Consecutive Values Below Zero Before the Ending Crank Angle Boxcar Average Below Zero Ends the Heat Release Cumulative Fraction when the N Point Boxcar Average of the Heat Release Value is Below Zero Before the Ending Crank Angle MEP Results mm dVolume liter Absolute Cylinder Pressure Engine Speed RPM Volume Liter Status in Cylinder Gas Temperature K Absolute PreChamber Pressur Cylinder Area m2 Heat Release Rate J CAD e Mass Fraction Burned Status out Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Array Absolute Cylinder Pressure ctl Absolute cylinder pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Single Float Absolute Cylinder Pressure Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 162 Drivven Inc DCAT Absolute PreChamber Pressure kPa abs Array Absolute PreChamber Pressure ctl Absolute prechamber pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Absolute PreChamber Pressure kPa abs Single Float Absolute PreChamber Pressure Cylinder Area m2 Array Cylinder Area ctl Calculated area o
219. ontrol EncoderFilter im T sec PECAT Control RawQueue PTF Is Queue SCL NCAT Control RTQueue wg error status DBCAT Control DAQError i TF NCAT Control SyncStopped EEE TPCT Control CrankStalled Figure 19 Simple Example DAQ Loop T Add the code to save raw data to the streaming raw data loop a Add the read raw data FIFO VI and the Raw Data to Disk VI b Wire the outputs of the read raw data FIFO VI to the inputs of the save raw data VI c Add all of the setup VI that you will use in the program to the loop and combine them into the cluster used by the raw data to disk VI d Also add any desired indicators controls and CalPoints e Add an initialization using the loop counter and a stop using the run state and the queue state Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 25 Drivven Inc DCAT Stream Raw Data To Disk PrP rrr rrr PTF J DCAT Raw OverwriteRawFile TAR DCAT Control RawError DCAT Raw IStart stopRawFil E S60 bCaT Raw RawFileProgress NCAT Raw Raw Counter Figure 20 Simple Example Save Raw Data 8 Next add the code for the real time display and calculations and to save a summary file a Add the read real time FIFO VI b Add the Alignment VI This VI takes the segments of data provided by the FIFO and builds them into useful information The VI only returns a single cylinder information when available When no information is
220. or next cycle control will be used To accomplish this the recommended hardware will be used Please note that the controller contains a memory upgrade JL Tye NI Part PXI Chassis PXI 1031 4 Slot Chassis Slot1 sd Controller PXI 8106 RT 2 16 GHz Dual Core 2GB Ram Sie FPGA PXI 7811R 1M Gate FPGA Slot 3 PXI 6123 8 x 500 kS sec ch Analog Inputs As a starting point the advanced DCAT example application will be used To avoid losing any custom modifications when updating DCAT the example application need to be copied new location The engine setup is as follows pValue Units Cylinder Count 4 Stroke Yes Boe 0o m Stroke 0 m Connection Rod Length 015 m PinOffset 0 m 100 12 5 3600 ppr 4500 RPM 540 0 AD D Cylinder TDC 3 36 Cylinder TDC 4 180 The calculations that are not needed may be disabled so that they are not using slowing the processors For this case study the following calculations were used Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 15 Drivven Inc DCAT Yes Cylinder Temperature No Heat E ong Zone Mean Effective Pressures Yes E 3 The asynchronous measurements should be set to disable and the synchronous measurement count should be set to 8 Please note that the manifold pressure is the only measurement associated with multiple cylinders The injector current fuel rail pressure and manifold temperature are only associated with cylinder 1 so t
221. ount 16 Table Data Reference Array Size Reference Array COV in f Precision 3 Filter Values COV in f Boolean This control is used to convert the coefficient of variance to a percent instead of a fraction Cylinder Count 16 U32 Numbers of cylinders to be calculated This value must be greater than or equal to the number of cylinders calculated Applying a number less than 16 allows the array sizes to be reduced to the actual size needed and operate more efficiently Data Reference Array Array This control is an array of references to the Statistical results to be displayed on the table Data Array Refnum Data Array Filter Values Cluster This control filters the list of values in the listbox Precision 3 116 This control sets the precision of the data displayed in the table Size Reference Array Array This control is an array of references that contain the data set size information Each element in the array corresponds to each element in the data reference array Size Array Refnum Size Array Table Refnum This control is a reference to the table display of the data Decode TDC reentrant subroutine This VI decodes the TDC signal for the Asynchronous channels to provide the cycle number and the Speed The TDC signal must in phase with cylinder 1 Data Timer us E Period ticks Cycle Cycle U32 Cycle ctl Cylinder associated with the current data set A cylinder number of 1 or
222. peed Setup ctl This control contains the medium speed DAQ setup SamplePeriod s Time ms Array SamplePeriod and Time ctl Synchronous array contains the sample period from the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays SamplePerid s Time ms Double Float Sample Period s Time ms StartTime us U32 This control contains the DAQ start time from the FPGA It is used to synchronize the medium speed DAQ and FPGA Data Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Stop Boolean Stop ctl This control stops the VI and clears the stored data in the VI It should be used during the last loop of the cycle Synchronous Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Synchronous Measurements Array Synchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the synchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 107 Drivven Inc DCAT measurement The name type scaling associated
223. pegging offset over the window specified for calculating the PolyC values on the Pressure Metrics page The user must enter an accurate value for the polytropic coefficient of compression in PegPolyC Please note that the TDC offset will affect the calculations because the cylinder volume is used Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 49 Drivven Inc DCAT Jai 1471 LPP_motor CAD 1 29 PolyClow 1 29762 PolyC_motor 1 3 Polyetow 1 36872 P meter f 0 5 dPolyLow J 0 07110 ge DCATAdvanced User Interface vi 5917 43 PP_motor kPa abs 825 707 IMEP_motor kPa 0 66088 IMEPcov_motor 6 57912 PMEP_motor kPa 1 33 PolyChigh polycoutofRange 1 4 PolyEHigh polyeoutofRange fo 5 dPolyHigh dPolyOutOfRange TDC Check Peak Pressure EI CalculatedTDCOffset CAD fo TOC_Fine_Adj CAD Figure 43 Motoring Tab Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 DRIVVEN 999 973 Speed RPM 2178038 Timer us 34 Cyde a RTQueue mE E RTAlignBuffer E ProcessLoopError E ProcessError 360 to 360 7142 us NCLoopTime 0 us ComputerID Activated ADWL JHFJ 50 RollingAvgSize 1 UpdateStats 50 Drivven Inc DCAT Filtering The Filtering tab shown in Figure 44 allows configuration of up to 16 filters The filter number specified in the Measurement Setup tab for each measurement corresponds to the filter number configuration on this
224. position tracking for a specific pattern type EPTData Cluster Cluster of status information related to engine position tracking EPTInSig Cluster Cluster of crank and cam input signals used by the EPT for tracking engine position EPTOutSig Cluster Cluster of crank and cam outputs These signals are connected directly to the inputs during normal operation and connected to the simulated signals while SimEnable is TRUE ept_enc_vte8 dcat_revb reentrant normal priority Engine Position Tracking VI Pattern Type Encoder Extrapolation Level 8 Bits To be placed within a single cycle loop of an FPGA block diagram executed at 40 MHz See the Pattern Specific Information section in the EPT User Manual EPTCentrol Rm ED TInSig EPTControl Cluster Cluster of control parameters for configuring engine position tracking for a specific pattern type EPTData Cluster Cluster of status information related to engine position tracking EPTInSig Cluster Cluster of crank and cam input signals used by the EPT for tracking engine position EPTOutSig Cluster Cluster of crank and cam outputs These signals are connected directly to the inputs during normal operation and connected to the simulated signals while SimEnable is TRUE EPTData EPTOutSig Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 228 Drivven Inc DCAT Appendix B References e Cengel Y A Boles M A 2002 Thermodynamics An Engineering Approa
225. process of saving Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 119 Drivven Inc DCAT FPGA FIFO Data Array FPGA FIFO Data ctl FPGA Data array contains the samples recorded by the FPGA The first dimension in the array corresponds to the Time ms ID Data The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample FPGA Data Double Float FPGA Data File Counter 132 Displays the current position of the file counter This number is used in the name of the next file if desired Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Medium Speed Array Medium Speed ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Medium Speed Sample Double Float Medium Speed Sample Overwrite File Boolean This control displays true if the current settings for the file name and path already contain a file This is the only warning that a file will be overwritten Progress Fraction Single Float This control displays the current file progress as a fraction of the specified file size SamplePeriod s Time ms Array SamplePeriod and Time ctl Synchronous array contains the sample period f
226. r more details o The TDC offset will change as a result of changing the encoder resolution even if the Z pulse remains constant How do I save the current configuration of DCAT o To save the current DCAT settings use the CalVIEW Save Current Calibration as Default purple or the Save Calibration As blue buttons on the CalVIEW interface This saves a file to the LabVIEW default data directory This is typically under My Documents LabVIEW Data Calibration files have a cdl extension o To load a previous DCAT calibration which was given a unique name and path copy the desired calibration file into the LabVIEW default data directory and rename it to DCAT cdl Then start the DCAT target application Please note that the calibration file is only read when the DCAT Target Program starts How do I add data to my summary data file o Properties Once per File Wire the data to the User Property Values and User Property Names inputs of the Save Summary VI This information is stored as a text string in the final file It can be used to hold setup information or large sets of information using the Flatten to String function o Summary Data One Value per Cycle Add calculated values to the Stats Data array Please note that the parameters in the array must remain Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 84 Drivven Inc DCAT constant while saving or the data file may be incorr
227. ray corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Asynchronous Digital Array Asynchronous Digital ctl Asynchronous Digital signals recorded by the DAQ system The first dimension corresponds to each channel of digital data The second dimension corresponds to each sample Digital Sample Boolean Digital Sample Asynchronous Measurements Array Asynchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the asynchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 153 Drivven Inc DCAT ConversionMethod Accurate Enum U16 Conversion Method ctl This control specifies the method used to convert asynchronous data to synchronous data 0 Fast Uses the percentage of the cycle to convert the data 1 Accurate Uses the reduced resolution encoder to convert the data Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Cylinder Pressure kPa Array Cylinder Pressure ctl Cylinder pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array
228. rded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample FPGA FIFO Data Array FPGA FIFO Data ctl FPGA Data array contains the samples recorded by the FPGA The first dimension in the array corresponds to the Time ms ID Data The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample FPGA Data Double Float FPGA Data Initiate Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Medium Speed Array Medium Speed ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 112 Drivven Inc DCAT timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Medium Speed Sample Double Float Medium Speed Sample SamplePeriod s Time ms Array SamplePeriod and Time ctl synchronous array contains the sample period from the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays SamplePerid s Time ms Double Float Sample Period s Time ms Status in Cluster Status ctl This control co
229. re 50 displays the results of basic analysis of each cylinder pressure wave form The angle parameters at the top of the tab are required for calculating each pressure metric The table based calculated parameters are as follows PP kPa Peak Pressure LocPP CAD Location of Peak Pressure PolyC Polytropic Coefficient of Compression PolyE Polytropic Coefficient of Expansion MPR kPa CAD Maximum Pressure Rise LocMPR CAD Location of Maximum Pressure Rise Intake kPa Average pressure during intake valve opening Exhaust kPa Average pressure during exhaust valve opening DCATAdvonced User nto iS DRIVVEN PPMethod Standard i 969 719 Speed RPM Jo StartPP CAD JA 9517549 Timer us fso Endep CAD J DC IR Cyde 20 StartPolyC CAD l RTQueue mamm ep EndPolyC CAD j 8 RTAlignBuffer fso StartPolyE CAD 90 EndPolyE CAD 300 StartExhaust CAD 3650 EndExhaust CAD 360 StartIntake CAD Cyl2 A ri j SR ve EE w z 5821 50 e 6083 531 d i ME DiskFull c 6388 522 bh DAQLoopTime 816 921 MB J 5723 235 d 732s bel PlotScale T x RawLoopTime 60 to 50 d 442 us RTLoopTime 1455 us NCLoopTime d us ComputerID Activated ADWL JHFJ 50 RollingAvaSize 1 UpdateStats Figure 50 Pressure Metrics Tab Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 56 Drivven Inc DCAT Heat Release The Heat
230. re Results PR Heat Release Absolute Cylinder Pressure i Pressure Ratio Results Volume Liter Pressure Ratio Status out Motoring Pressure kPa abs Status in Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Array Absolute Cylinder Pressure ctl Absolute cylinder pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Single Float Absolute Cylinder Pressure Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Motoring Pressure kPa abs Array Motoring Pressure ctl Calculated motoring pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Motoring Pressure Single Float Motoring Pressure PR Heat Release Array PR Heat Release Rate ctl Pressure ratio heat release rate as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine PR Heat Release Rate Single Float Pressure Ratio Heat Release Rate Pressure Ratio Array Pressure Ratio ctl Pressure ratio as a
231. ressure kPa Pmc Instantaneous Main Chamber Pressure kPa Pmot Motored Pressure kPa Ppc Instantaneous Pre Chamber Pressure kPa PR Pressure Ratio dP Differential Pressure kPa dTheta Differential Crank Angle CAD Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 160 Drivven Inc DCAT dV Differential Volume liter dPmc Differential Main Chamber Pressure kPa dPpc Differential Pre Chamber Pressure kPa dVmc Differential Main Chamber Volume kPa j Current Crank Angle CAD i Previous Crank Angle CAD V1 Reference Volume liter Vi Volume at Previous Crank Angle liter Vj Volume at Current Crank Angle liter Pi Pressure at Previous Crank Angle kPa Pj Pressure at Current Crank Angle kPa alpha Scaling Factor Fraction h Heat Transfer Coefficient J CAD m2 K A_Wall Wall Area at Each Crank Angle m2 T Cylinder Gas Temperature K T Wall Cylinder Wall Temperature K The heat release calculations using heat transfer require a heat transfer coefficient The Heat Transfer Coefficient is calculated by one of Several Methods Heywood Internal Combustion Fundamentals McGraw Hill 1988 Constant Constant User Specified Value Woschni 1987 Woschni 1987 Correlation Woschni 1990 Modified Woschni Correlation to Better Model Partial Loads Conditions Hohenberg Hohenberg Correlation The heat release calculations using heat transfer also require a cylinder wal
232. rivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 132 Drivven Inc DCAT Configuration Clusters Cluster Configuration Clusters ctl This control contains a cluster of all the setup clusters It is used to pass all of the setup clusters to the saving VIs Create File F Boolean This control should be set true when a new file is to be created It should remain false when saving data and closing the file Cycle U32 Cycle ctl Cylinder associated with the current data set A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or 0 is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Engine Speed RPM Single Float Engine Speed ctl Engine Speed for the current cycle of data It is updated once every cycle File Path Path This control defines the file name and path Stats Data Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains the statistical cluster Each element in the array correlates to a calculated value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Fe Synchronous Data Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array correspo
233. rocess range slider The program processes all the cycles of one cylinder before moving to the next cylinder The calculations are the same calculation used in the real time application but the Statistics and display data is a little different The results may be saved to a summary file 4 Updates the preview of the data for the cycle indicated by the view cycle slider The calculations are the same calculations used in the real time application but only run when the view cycle slider changes Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 Drivven Inc DCAT Case Studies Several case studies were created to provide a general guide line for the setup and performance of the different systems The case studies can be used as a general starting point to estimate the performance of a system Drivven Inc 2009 e DCAT e Version 2 90 74 Drivven Inc DCAT Inline 4 Engine This case study shows a basic setup of an inline 4 cylinder engine The system needs to capture engine synchronous data for cylinder pressure sensors in each cylinder The engine contains a A deg crank shaft encoder The system needs to calculate and display a 100 cycle rolling average of basic pressure metrics mean effective pressures simple heat release In addition to the four in cylinder pressure sensors a manifold pressure used for pegging injector current fuel pressure and exhaust pressure are to be displayed and recorded No asynchronous sampling
234. rol is true when the rolling buffer is full Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 200 Drivven Inc DCAT Exclude From Stats F Array Exclude From Stats Array ctl This control contains an array that can be used to exclude individual values from the statistics calculations If the array is empty all values will be used Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on some criteria Example if you need to determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Names Array This control defines the names of the property Each element in the name array corresponds to a statistics cluster size out exclude from stats size out and value Name String Property Name Size in 100 132 Size ctl This control defines the size of rolling average used in statistics Size out Array This control reports the actual sample sizes used in the statistical calculations Each element in the size out array corresponds to a Statistics cluster size out exclude from stats name and value Size out 132 Size ctl Thi
235. rom the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays SamplePerid s Time ms Double Float Sample Period s Time ms Save Setup Cluster Save Setup ctl This control contains the file saving setup Speed RPM Time ms Cycle Array STC ctl This array control contains the speed time and cycle The 0 index in the array is always speed The 1 index is always time The 2 index is always cycle number This array is only used by uDCAT Value Double Float Speed Time or Cycle Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 120 Drivven Inc DCAT Stream Raw Data Boolean This control starts or stops the raw data streaming to disk on a rising edge Fe Synchronous Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample User Property Values Array User Property Values ctl This is an array of user property values with each element corresponding to each element in the user property names array The flatten to string VI may be used to convert any da
236. roperties associated with a measurement Temp Setup Cluster Temp Setup ctl This control contains the cylinder temperature calculation setup ExhaustTemp K Single Float Specifies the exhaust temperature at intake valve closing IntakePressure kPa Single Float Specifies the intake pressure at exhaust valve closing Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 105 Drivven Inc DCAT ExhaustPressure kPa Single Float Specifies the exhaust pressure at exhaust valve closing IntakeTemp K Single Float Specifies the intake temperature at intake valve closing ResidualFraction Single Float Specifies the residual gas fraction IVC_Window CAD Single Float Specifies the window in degrees before intake valve closing used to calculate the initial pressure Wiebe Results Cluster Wiebe Results ctl This control contains the Wiebe function coefficients a Double Float Displays the a Wiebe coefficient m Double Float Displays the m Wiebe coefficient DAQ Acquire Data normal priority This VI acquires the channel measurements from the hardware The output is two sets of array containing the synchronous and asynchronous data Medium Speed Setup Asynchronous Measurements Synchronous Measurements Initialize Synchronous Stop Medium Speed Status in Asynchronous Input Contig Status out Start Tune us SamplePeriod s Time ms Asynchronous Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains th
237. rs connected to the system CylinderTDC CAD Array Specifies the absolute top dead center offsets for each cylinder Firing order is determined from the top dead center offsets EncoderResolution ppr U32 Specifies the actual resolution of the encoder EncoderExtrapEnable Boolean Specifies if the extrapolate the encoder is enabled This can be used to increase the encoder resolution to a higher resolution using the engine position tracking capabilities EncoderDivide U32 Used to reduce the sampling resolution It is applied after the extrapolation The default value is 1 which will leave the encoder at the extrapolated resolution if enabled The final resulting value must be an positive even integer Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 90 Drivven Inc DCAT EncoderExtrapLevel U32 Specifies the level of extrapolation used by the engine position tracking This value must match the FPGA engine position tracking VIs IVO CAD Single Float Specifies the nominal Intake Valve Opening IVC CAD Single Float Specifies the nominal Intake Valve Closing EVO CAD Single Float Specifies the nominal Exhaust Valve Opening EVC CAD Single Float Specifies the nominal Exhaust Valve Closing MaxSpeed RPM Single Float Specifies the maximum engine speed This value is used to determine the loop times and reduced resolution signals ReducedResolution ppr U32 Displays the resolution of the encoder signal r
238. s Cluster Pressure Results ctl This control contains the basic pressure metrics calculations results Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 163 Drivven Inc DCAT Volume Liter Array Volume ctl Calculated cylinder volume as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Volume Liter Single Float Cylinder Volume dVolume liter Array dVolume ctl Differential volume as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine dVolume Liter Single Float Differential Volume Knock reentrant normal priority This VI calculates knock based on the one of several methods The knock calculations can use a synchronous or asynchronous signals BRIC Bandpass Rectify Integrate Compare The BRIC method uses a bandpass filter to isolate a range of knock frequencies and then rectifies and integrates the signal to determine the knock intensity value The knock intensity values are calculated for a reference and a knock wi
239. s Initialize e ll uAsynchronous Z Edge fF H Medium Speed Stop f 3 SamplePeriod s Time ms Status in a Speed RPM Time ms Cycle A Trigger Gees Status out A Hysteresis A Threshold cDAQ DIO Module A Edge Enum U16 This control is used to select between a rising or a falling edge to trigger the A signal A Hysteresis Single Float This control sets the hysteresis level when using the APFI channel for the A signal A Threshold Single Float This control sets the threshold level when using the APFI channel for the A signal A Trigger Enum U32 This control determines is the A signal is on the PFI O or the APFI channel Asynchronous Channels Array Asynchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the asynchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Medium Speed Array Medium Speed ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by t
240. s control defines the size of rolling average used in statistics Stats Array This control contains all the results for the statistical calculations Each element in the stats array corresponds to a name size out exclude from stats size out and value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Update Rate 1 132 Update Rate ctl Update rate defines the number of cycle between rolling statistical calculations The minimum maximum and mean values are updated every cycle Values Array This control defines the current value for the properties Each element in the value array corresponds to a statistics cluster size out exclude from stats size out and name Value Single Float Value Rolling Stats reentrant subroutine This VI keeps rolling statistics with a buffer size equal to the Size in control Statistics are calculated on the start of Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 201 Drivven Inc DCAT the buffer until it fills and then on the entire buffer This VI stores a history of data and each instance must only be used for a single measurement Size in 100 Initialize ereere Stats Name ee i Size out Exclude From Stats EI Buffer Full Update Rate 1 Buffer Full Boolean This control indicates that the buffers have filled Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded
241. s ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Sync Acoustic Array Synchronous Acoustic ctl This control contains the synchronous waveform It is only used when the source of the calculations is the synchronous measurements Synchronous Acoustic Single Float Synchronous Acoustic Measurement MEP normal priority This VI calculates the mean effective pressure values Heywood Internal Combustion Fundamentals McGraw Hill 1988 NMEP is calculated for both a 2 and 4 stroke engine PMEP and IMEP are only calculated for a 4 stroke engine IMEP Integral P dV Vd From 180 to 180 CAD PMEP Integral P dV Vd From 360 to 180 and 180 to 360 CAD NMEP IMEP PMEP IMEP Gross Indicated Mean Effective Pressure kPa NMEP Net Indicated Mean Effective Pressure kPa PMEP Pumping Indicated Mean Effective Pressure kPa P Instantaneous Pressure kPa dV Differential Volume liter Vd Displacement Volume liter Engine Setup dVolume liter ACD D Absolute Cylinder Pressure ol T e Status in Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 165 Drivven Inc DCAT Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Array Absolute Cylinder Pressure ctl Absolute cylinder pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array cov
242. s used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on some criteria Example if you need to determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Misfire Results Cluster Misfire Results ctl This control contains the results of the misfire calculations Misfire Stats Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains the statistical cluster Each element in the array correlates to a calculated value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Size 100 132 Size ctl This control defines the size of rolling average used in statistics Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Update Rate 1 Cycles 132 Update Rate ctl Update rate defines the number of cycle between rolling statistical calculations The minimum maximum and mean values are update
243. should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Synchronous Measurements Array Synchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the synchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Fe Synchronous in Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Synchronous out Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 140 Drivven Inc DCAT Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Get Cylinder Measurements reentrant normal priority This VI separat
244. signal and the crank signals should not have rising edges at the same time This condition can cause a situation where the TDC signal and the crank signals toggle position and cause an error One signal may be read as true before the other o Verify that the proper signals are connected to the FPGA It may be helpful to pass the encoder signals through the FPGA and read them use an oscilloscope if available o The encoder synchronization is controlled by the engine tracking VIs Please refer to the EPT documentation for details on the specific flags and inputs Why are the buffers or queues overflowing o The buffers fill when the computer system hardware is not able to keep up with the program demands A combination of faster CPU faster hard drive or additional RAM will alleviate the problem o Raw Queue This buffer fills when data cannot be streamed to file as fast as the DAQ Loop rate Try saving less data or allow the queue to empty before saving more data Removing old data from a hard drive may also increase performance o RT Queue or NC Queue These buffers fill when the combustion analysis calculations cannot be completed as fast as the DAQ Loop rate Try disabling some of the calculations or reducing the encoder resolution o RIT Align Buffer or NC Align Buffer These buffers will fill when the combustion analysis calculations cannot be completed as fast as the combustion events The calculation time must be less than 60 N
245. signed with the possibility of implementing engine control within the same system Therefore the EPT VI used for DCAT may also be used to supervise other Drivven I O modules for fuel and spark control Please refer to the documentation for those I O products for further information In general the example DCAT FPGA VI uses an encoder A signal an encoder Z signal and a cam phase signal to generate triggers and sample clocks to the DAQ cards over the PXI bus However FPGA technology used by DCAT enables many additional triggering and synchronization capabilities Some variations include the following gt Using the rising and falling edges of encoder A and B signals to increase the resolution by up to 4X gt Use Drivven s Engine Position Tracking EPT VIs to track the angular position of encoders or production engine flywheel patterns to provide extrapolated high resolution sample clocks to the DAQ cards gt Employ sophisticated custom filter of position signals gt Extend delay or synchronously offset position based signals for precise encoder alignment without the need to mechanically adjust the physical signal source gt Sample digital control parameters or signals originating in the FPGA in sync with the external analog signals For example the commanded fuel pulse duration can be encoded and sampled with each engine cycle of data so that it will be known while processing the combustion data offline Drivven Inc 200
246. sition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sample Single Float Synchronous Sample Synchronous Measurements Array Synchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the synchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Write Raw Boolean This control will set an output true when saving a raw data file Write Sum Boolean This control will set an output true when saving a summary data file Z Edge Enum U16 This control is used to select between a rising or a falling edge to trigger the Z signal cDAQ DIO Module String This control defines the name of the module used to read the encoder signals It is only valid when using a cDAQ chassis The module name is found in the measurements and automation explorer Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 206 Drivven Inc DCAT uAsynchronous Array uAsynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asy
247. ssure or NMEP drops below the threshold Peak Pressure Absolute Detects a misfire when the peak pressure drops below an absolute threshold Peak Pressure of Historic Detects a misfire when the peak pressure drops below a percent of the historic average IMEP Absolute Detects a misfire when the NMEP drops below an absolute threshold IMEP of Historic Detects a misfire when the NMEP drops below an absolute threshold MEP Results Pressure Results Misfire Results Status out Initialize AE i Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or 0 is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted MEP Results Cluster MEP Results ctl This control contains the MEP calculations results Misfire Results Cluster Misfire Results ctl This control contains the results of the misfire calculations Misfire Setup Cluster Misfire Setup ctl This control contains the misfire setup Pressure Results Cluster Pressure Results ctl This control contains the basic pressure metrics calculations results Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the stat
248. stem The VI may be used in several parts of an application for different streams of data running at different sample rates It should be placed in a while loop with the FIFO and the Finished terminal should be connected to the Stop if True condition of the while loop This cannot be placed in a single cycle loop The FIFO should be a U64 with enough resources to handle the desired throughput The ID is used to differentiate between different streams of data The timestamp is used to correlate data with the high speed data ID Data Free Timer us FIFO Finished Data U32 FPGA Data FIFO U64 U64 Data for the FIFO Finished Boolean Indicates the end of the data for the current measurement FreeTimer us U32 FPGA Free Timer ID U8 dcat_stream_fpga_data_u8 reentrant subroutine This VI converts unsigned integer data into a series of packets that can be placed in a FIFO and decoded by the real time system The VI may be used in several parts of an application for different streams of data running at different sample rates It should be placed in a while loop with the FIFO and the Finished terminal should be connected to the Stop if True condition of the while loop This cannot be Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 224 Drivven Inc DCAT placed in a single cycle loop The FIFO should be a U64 with enough resources to handle the desired throughput The ID is used to differentiate between different streams
249. t dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Cycle Average Data out Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains the statistical cluster Each element in the array correlates to a calculated value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 FPGA Data Setup Array FPGA Data Setup ctl This control contains the FPGA data stream setup FPGA FIFO Data Configuration Cluster FPGA Data Configuration ctl This control contains the FPGA Data configuration setup FPGA FIFO Data Array FPGA FIFO Data ctl FPGA Data array contains the samples recorded by the FPGA The first dimension in the array corresponds to the Time ms ID Data The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample FPGA Data Double Float FPGA Data Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 144 Drivven Inc DCAT Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Medium Speed Setup Cluster Medium Speed Setup ctl This control contains the medium speed DA
250. ta Array Element Single Float Array Element Output Size 132 This control defines the array output size Rolling Mean reentrant subroutine This VI keeps a rolling average with a buffer size equal to the Size in control Statistics are calculated on the start of the buffer until it fills and then on the entire buffer This VI stores a history of data and each instance must only be used for a single measurement Size in 100 Initialize se Value Mean Size out Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Mean Single Float This control is the mean of the data set Size in 100 132 Size ctl This control defines the size of rolling average used in statistics Size out 132 Size ctl This control defines the size of rolling average used in statistics Value Single Float This control is the current value Rolling Stats Array reentrant subroutine This VI keeps rolling statistics with a buffer size equal to the Size in control Statistics are calculated on the start of the buffer until it fills and then on the entire buffer This VI stores a history of data and each instance must only be used for a single measurement Size in 100 Initialize eee Values Stats Names EE 8 Size out Exclude From Stats E Buffer Full Update Rate 1 Buffer Full Boolean This cont
251. ta National Instruments provides many resources on their website to edit and view TDMS files outside LabVIEW in programs such as MatLab and Excel The DCAT toolkit contains several Vis used to stream data from the TDMS files Post Process Configure Re Acquire Preprocess Process Save to TDMS File Stream from LI TDMS File i Figure 59 Post Processing Overview Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 66 Drivven Inc DCAT Opening TDMS Files in Excel National Instruments provides a free excel plug in that imports TDMS files Importing a file creates a multi page spreadsheet with all the data stored in the file The first page contains a summary of all the groups and channels Each group has a page where each column is a channel of data Please note that Excel 2003 is limited to 256 columns and 65536 rows Therefore the custom properties displayed in the first 2 rows on the main page which contain all the calculation configuration information may need to be turned off Raw data channels may also be too long and will be truncated E Microsoft Excel Bock a File Edit View Insert Format Tools Data Window Help OBER SIGRIF Gs B B F 9 Bx 4 5 Dm e B a About z J33 z ZS A B Ee D E F Root Name Title Author Date Time Groups Description Summary_001 3 Group Channels Description Cylinder_1 38 42 7 2 3 4 KS RS K 8 9 10 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
252. ta reporting and logging post processing and knock and noise analysis DCAT leverages R Series FPGA and S Series simultaneous analog sampling cards from National Instruments to supervise engine position tracking and synchronization of data collection and processing Although DCAT supports a variety of M Series and S Series multi function DAQ devices from National Instruments the S Series 6122 and higher and R Series card combination can take advantage of the advanced triggering and sampling features within the toolkit For example when implemented with S Series 6122 cards or higher custom FPGA based control parameters such as injection duration fuel pressure etc can be stored with each cycle of data This allows researchers to review data at a later time and identify critical control parameters cycle by cycle DCAT allows streaming of raw data to file continuously by cycle count time or file size Raw data files are stored in National Instrument s popular TDMS format and include all channel configurations engine geometry and custom test data to allow complete reconstruction of the test environment at a later date Cycle by cycle summaries of analysis parameters can also be logged to TDMS files for later review TDMS files may be opened and analyzed in Excel using a free TDMS file plug in The DCAT example application may be used stand alone or integrated with an engine control application DCAT users may insert additional custom an
253. ta Setup Array FPGA Data Setup ctl This control contains the FPGA data stream setup FPGA FIFO Data Configuration Cluster FPGA Data Configuration ctl This control contains the FPGA Data configuration setup FPGA FIFO Data in Array FPGA FIFO Data ctl FPGA Data array contains the samples recorded by the FPGA The first dimension in the array corresponds to the Time ms ID Data The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample FPGA Data Double Float FPGA Data FPGA FIFO Data out Array FPGA FIFO Data ctl FPGA Data array contains the samples recorded by the FPGA The first dimension in the array Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 151 Drivven Inc DCAT corresponds to the Time ms ID Data The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample FPGA Data Double Float FPGA Data Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Medium Speed Setup Cluster Medium Speed Setup ctl This control contains the medium speed DAQ setup beH Medium Speed in Array Medium Speed sgl ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Synchronous Sa
254. ta stream that is to be decoded into a cycle number cycle period and FPGA timer Bit Boolean A single bit in the data stream Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 195 Drivven Inc DCAT Number U8 This control is the de serialized U8 number dx reentrant subroutine This VI calculates dx provided x The differential values are using a second order center difference with the boundary conditions as the initial and final conditions dx Array This control is a the results of the differential array calculations dx Element Single Float dx Element x Array This control is the input of the differential array calculations x Element Single Float x Element Hold Init reentrant subroutine This VI holds the initialization flag until each cylinder has use the flag to clear the appropriate data When a value of true enters initialize in a set of 16 flags are set As the cylinders execute the output initialization is then true for each cylinder that has not run after initialize in was true Cylinder Initialization in Initialization out Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or 0 is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 Initialize in Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Initi
255. ta type to a string User Property Value String User Property Value uAsynchronous Array uAsynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Double Float Asynchronous Sample uDCAT F Boolean UDCAT ctl This control turns on the UDCAT setup It only needs to be connected when using uDCAT Write Properties to TDMS reentrant normal priority This VI writes the pressure setup heat release setup filter setup pegging setup Knock setup misfire setup and temperature setup to the TDMS file properties UDCAT F nen TDMS file in TOMS file out error out User Property Na eS ooon d User Property Values HHHHHHHHHHHHHHI User Property Names Array User Property Names ctl This is an array of user property names with each element corresponding to each element in the user property values array User Property Name String User Property Name Configuration Clusters Cluster Configuration Clusters ctl This control contains a cluster of all the setup clusters It is used to pass all of the setup clusters to the saving VIs Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 121 Drivven Inc DCAT Save Setup Cluster Save Setup ctl This control contains the file saving setup TDMS file in Refnum TDMS file out Refnum Us
256. ter turns true ResetCounter Boolean Resets the file count to the value of start counter when the value turns true Continuous Boolean Specifies the automatically start a new file when a file ends Comments String Specifies the user comments to be included in the file properties Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 104 Drivven Inc DCAT Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Name String Property Name Value Single Float Current Value Mean Single Float Mean Mean Value Max Single Float Maximum Value Min Single Float Minimum Value Standard Deviation Single Float Standard Deviation Coefficient of Variance Single Float Coefficient of Variance Standard Deviation Mean Sample Size Single Float Size of the sample used in the statistics Status Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process error Cluster Contains error messages and error conditions Message Array Array Array of messages to be recorded in to the summary file Synchronous Measurements Array Synchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the synchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the p
257. th sides of TDC to determine the most probable location of TDC TDC Offset ATDC Single Float This control reports the calculated TDC offset needed to align the cylinders Volume liter Array Volume ctl Calculated cylinder volume as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Volume Liter Single Float Cylinder Volume NC Control normal priority This VI contains a set of PID controllers to calculate next cycle output values Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 170 Drivven Inc DCAT Engine Setup History Weight OutputHigh Output Avg Output t Status out Setpoint Process Variable ProportionalGain Kc IntegralTime Ti min Derivative Time Td min Statues in EnableFilter F EE ee Avg Output Single Float This control contains the average value of PID outputs Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not available Valid cylinder number is between 1 and 16 DerivativeTime Td min Single Float This control contains the derivative time for the PID controller EnableFilter F Boolean This control enables the process variable filter The filter uses the history weight to bias the last few samples Engine Setup Cluster Engine Set
258. tion ppr U32 This control displays the final sample resolution to be used by the data acquisition system Synchronous Valid Boolean This control indicates true when the asynchronous sampling setup is acceptable It returns false when an error condition exists and overwrites the settings the default settings Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 108 Drivven Inc DCAT FPGA Start Seq reentrant normal priority This VI automatically controls the start sequence for the EPT software in the FPGA This VI will continually try to clear errors and establish synchronization After synchronization the VI will not try to reestablish synchronization if it is lost These controls may be replaced by manual controls if desired error out Start Requested SE be Synchronization Enable EPT Sync Stoped inas CN Sampling Ena ble Di iiinis Clear Flags Boolean This control should be wired to clear all engine position tracking flags EPT Not Ready Boolean This control should be set true when the engine position tracking is reporting some flag that prevents it from running For the encoder pattern this control is a logical or of the missed cam flag missed crank flag and the crank stalled EPT Sync Stopped Boolean This control should be connected to the engine position tracking synchronization stopped flag Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on th
259. tion or calculated arrays where available bore stroke mass fraction burned etc If the calculations require a cycle to cycle history make sure to read the cylinder number and account for multiple cylinders DCAT VI are setup for up to 16 cylinders of data How do I add a diesel injector current probe trace or any other signal to my display o To display and save any signal simply add it to the measurement setup and associate it with the appropriate cylinder It will be displayed on the data tab and saved in the raw data file The MeasurementT ype should be set to undefined The signal will be sampled engine synchronously according to the encoder resolution o If itis necessary to perform calculation on the data or create a special display the data can be separated from the data array using the Get Cylinder Measurements VI The Get Cylinder Measurements VI returns an array of measurement setups corresponding to the data arrays Searching for the desired measurement name will provide the index of the desired data array Calculations and CalPoints can be added for the data When do I need to align the TDC offset o The TDC offset must be aligned any time the encoder position is modified This includes changing the encoder o The TDC offset will change as a result of changing the encoder setup parameters These parameters may have a small effect on the relation of TDC to the encoder Z pulse Please see the section above fo
260. tion system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Medium Speed Sample Double Float Medium Speed Sample Queue Overflow Boolean Queue Overflow ctl This control displays true if any of the queues are full Queue Use Fraction Single Float Buffer Use ctl This control displays the fraction of the buffer or queue that is currently used SamplePeriod s Time ms Array SamplePeriod and Time ctl Synchronous array contains the sample period from the previous sample to the current sample Each element in the array corresponds to an element in the data arrays SamplePerid s Time ms Double Float Sample Period s Time ms Speed RPM Time ms Cycle Array STC ctl This array control contains the speed time and cycle The 0 index in the array is always speed The 1 index is always time The 2 index is always cycle number This array is only used by uDCAT Value Double Float Speed Time or Cycle Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Stop Boolean Stop ctl This control stops the VI and clears the stored data in the VI It should be used during the last loop of the cycle Fe Synchronous Array Synchronous ctl Synchronous
261. to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Knock Results Cluster Knock Results ctl This control contains the knock calculations results Knock Stats Array Statistics Array ctl This array control contains the statistical cluster Each element in the array correlates to a calculated value Stats Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results Size 100 132 Size ctl This control defines the size of rolling average used in statistics Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Update Rate 1 Cycles 132 Update Rate ctl Update rate defines the number of cycle between rolling statistical calculations The minimum maximum and mean values are updated every cycle MEP Stats RT reentrant normal priority This VI calculates the statistics for the calculated mean effective pressure values This VI is good for up to 16 Cylinders Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 177 Drivven Inc DCAT Size 100 Initialize Cylinder MEP Results Status in Exclude From Stats F Update Rate 1 Cycles MEP Stats Status out Cylinder 132 Cylinder ctl Cylinder associated with the current data A cylinder number of 1 or O is used when cycle data is not avail
262. ty Value String User Property Value error in Cluster This control is a standard LabVIEW error cluster error out Cluster This control is a standard LabVIEW error cluster uDCAT Boolean uUDCAT ctl This control turns on the uUDCAT setup It only needs to be connected when using uDCAT Save Summary normal priority This VI saves the results of the stats calculations to a TDMS file The TDMS group is the cylinder number and measurement name The TDMS channel is the calculated parameter The error cluster and cycle number are also recorded When the specified time or file size requirement is met a new file is created The engine setup and save setup are saved in the file This VI is controlled by the Control Saving Init VI through the status cluster Timer us Progress Fraction File Counter iu Overwrite File Current Path Start Stop Summary Synchronous Cycle Status in Engine Speed RPM Stop on Synchronous Data Names ss2sssssssa0 User Property Na es Seoooooooosonr User Property Valuge snmeonnenonneed User Property Names Array User Property Names ctl This is an array of user property names with each element corresponding to each element in the user property values array User Property Name String User Property Name Configuration Clusters Cluster Configuration Clusters ctl This control contains a cluster of all the setup clusters It is used to pass all of the setup clusters to the saving V
263. up ctl This control contains general engine setup information Engine Speed RPM Single Float Engine Speed ctl Engine Speed for the current cycle of data It is updated once every cycle Global Boolean This control sets the sub VI to run a single PID for all cylinders when true When false each cylinder uses its own PID HistoryWeight Array This control is used in the filtering of the inputs The last several inputs are weighted with the current input History Weight Single Float History Weight Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted IntegralTime Ti min Single Float This control contains the integral time for the PID controller Output Array This control contains the value of the PID outputs for each cylinder Output Single Float PID output Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 171 Drivven Inc DCAT OutputHigh Single Float This control contains the output high is the maximum value for controller output OutputLow Single Float This control contains the output low is the minimum value for controller output Process Variable Single Float This control contains the process variable of the PID ProportionalGain Kc Single Float This control contains the proportional gain for the PID controller Setpoint Single Float This control contains the
264. urement GetStreamedDigitalData reentrant normal priority This VI extracts the digital data Speed Time and Cycle from the streaming data Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 141 Drivven Inc DCAT Asynchronous Measurements Synchronous Measurements Engine Speed RPM Synchronous out Asynchronous out Status out Cycle Timer us Synchronous in Asynchronous in Status in Asynchronous Measurements Array Asynchronous Measurements ctl This control is an array of measurement setup clusters defining all the asynchronous measurements Each element in the array represents a single measurement The name type scaling associated cylinders and other properties are defined for each measurement Measurement Setup Cluster Measurement ctl This control defines the properties associated with a measurement Fe Asynchronous in Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample This control is defined by Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Asynchronous out Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample This contr
265. urned This VI also calculates the Location of Maximum Heat Release Rate and the Maximum Heat Release Rate Engine Setup Heat Release Rate J CAD Mass Fraction Burned Status in Heat Release Results Status out Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Heat Release Rate J CAD Array Heat Release Rate ctl Heat release rate as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution Covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Heat Release Rate J CAD Single Float Heat Release Rate Heat Release Results Cluster Heat Release Results ctl This control contains the heat release calculations results Mass Fraction Burned Array Mass Fraction Burned ctl Mass fraction burned as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Mass Fraction Burned Single Float Mass Fraction Burned Status in Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Status out Cluster Status ctl This control contains the status of the real time process Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 159 Drivven Inc DCAT HR Raw reentrant subroutine This VI calculates the heat release r
266. us of the real time process Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 169 Drivven Inc DCAT Motoring TDC Check reentrant normal priority This VI uses the cylinder pressure to determine the value of the TDC offset based on one of several methods Method Pressure kPa abs Volume liter TDC Offset ATDC Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Array Absolute Cylinder Pressure ctl Absolute cylinder pressure as a function of crank angle Each point in the array correlates to a sample in the sample resolution This array covers 360 crank angle degrees for a 2 stroke engine and 720 crank angle degrees for a 4 stroke engine Absolute Cylinder Pressure kPa abs Single Float Absolute Cylinder Pressure Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information Method Enum U32 This control determines the method used to calculate the additional top dead center offset needed to align the data to the proper location 0 Peak Pressure Simply reports the difference between the measured peak pressure and the TDC location 1 Spline Interpolation Same as the Peak Pressure method but uses a spline interpolation near TDC to estimate the peak pressure 2 Half Peak Pressure Finds the location of the pressure with 1 2 the value of the peak pressure on both sides of TDC and reports the difference between the center point and the TDC location 3 Most Probable Uses several points on bo
267. used for processing and saving do nothing in the example but are set up to allow the user to easily add processing and saving code for their specific needs The example is not set up to allow the user to change the setup information because the properties have already been applied to all the calculated values gt DCATAdvanced Post Process Summary File vi EE 1008 E E z 16 000000 0 013937 0 019551 1009 379211 399 857788 1830078 3 EE 607881533 oone sans 0 033230 0 028945 989 642883 993 714600 1 526367 21 _ 8 cnso00 0 008167 2 006214 988 526160 1008 422058 2 135742 dese e eren o96 752869 990 070825 1 850031 3 7 4 000000 035s10 oer ess 634658752 1831035 24 000000 998 835144 1008 451787 429687 4 000000 0 034604 0 036620 1009 013000 1009 074280 1 830078 _ 2 Lem 1008695618 098 615662 1 525367 2 1003 EE 1003 142578 Lem ee Joe 990 074036 995 135803 1 526367 2 E 1009 164734 1 832031 13 1 000000 1008 340759 Lee 1 21000000 0 008780 20 007258 1008 883921 898 788011 1830078 38 1002 898437 45 000000 0 022936 0 038371 995 715210 989 898987 1 832031 5 1004 363281 Scone osast_ ooain seosoes sesame usm Oe 14000000 Lager Luet 999 717773 1008 716007 1 831055 f 1 EE 0 032702 0 037280 _ 109 222107 1008 076174 1 831055 _ 2 1016 082031 EE SH CAT Advanced Aan Computer lt Figure 61 Summary Post Processor Example Fro
268. vven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 76 Drivven Inc DCAT V8 Engine The V8 engine case study demonstrates the use of multiple S Series cards to collect synchronous and asynchronous data The engine is equipped with a 1 deg resolution crank shaft encoder Each cylinder requires a cylinder pressure sensor measurement In addition each bank needs its own manifold absolute pressure sensor for pegging Ten total synchronous measurements are needed Therefore a second card must be used for sampling two of the channels Please note that a 6122 could be used in place of one of the 6123s The engine is also equipped with 4 knock sensors that will be recorded asynchronously at a rate of 100 kS sec ch A 3M gate FPGA was selected to allow for additional FRGA functionality An M Series card is also selected to allow recording of slow speed signals The code for the M Series logging is not currently a part of the DCAT example applications but may be added by the user Tye Man Description Slot4 _Controller__ PXI 8106 RT 2 16 GHz Dual Core 2GB Ram Slot2 FPGA Pen 3MGateFPGA Slot4 PXI 6123 8 x 500 kS sec ch Analog Inputs Slot5 S Series PXI 6122 4 x 500 kS sec ch Analog Inputs Slot6 M Series PXI 6251 16 x 1 MS sec Analog Inputs Slot 7 As a starting point the advanced DCAT example application will be used To avoid losing any custom modifications when updating DCAT the example application need to be copied new l
269. w Engine Setup NC Queue Use Fraction RT Queue Overflow Synchronous RT Queue Use Fraction Medium Speed Raw Queue Overflow Asynchronous Raw Queue Use Fraction Status in Status out SamplePeriod s Time rms FPGA Data Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 114 Drivven Inc DCAT Fe Asynchronous Array Asynchronous ctl Asynchronous array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Asynchronous Sample Single Float Asynchronous Sample Engine Setup Cluster Engine Setup ctl This control contains general engine setup information FPGA Data Array This control contains the FPGA data directly from the FIFO FPGA Data U64 FPGA Data Initialize Boolean Initialize ctl This control is used to reset data stored in the VI This should be set on the first iteration of a loop It should also run when a loop is restarted Medium Speed Array Medium Speed ctl Medium Speed array contains the samples recorded by the data acquisition system The first dimension in the array corresponds to each measurement The first measurement is the timestamp of the samples The second dimension in the array corresponds to each sample Medium Speed Sample Double Float Medium Speed Sample NC Queue Overflow Boolean Queue Overflow ctl This control displays true if any of the queues ar
270. will allow the cam signal to overlap with the TDC pulse The TDC signal and the cam signal are then ANDed and used as the cam signal for the EPT e Add the desired EPT and wire all the appropriate controls and indicators Multiple EPTs can be compiled into the FPGA so they can be easily changed f Add a signal offset to the TDC signal This allows for alignment of the sampling g Next Add the Triggering VI and all the appropriate controls and indicators h Add the PXI triggers L Compile the FPGA VI Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 22 Drivven Inc DCAT D A Exa DCAT SamplingEnable LTE H RENN mple DCAT SamplingCycles i EPTControl NumberOfCrankTeeth uisk PERNS DCAT EncABDivide Lui a R ivide Lue EPTControl Stroke L TE eieiei weng See MissedCrankFlag DCAT ClkGenPeriod e MissedCamFlag CurrentPosition H Filt EncAFiltValue Luish Filt EncZFiltValue De ETE PositionSig CamPhBgeitionSig EncZRemEnable LTE PositionSig EncA PositionSig EncZRemSwitch L TE PositionSig EncZ Figure 14 Simple Example FPGA 3 Next create the basic CalVIEW and DCAT structures in the target application a Create a case structure The structure is true if CalVIEW initializes and DCAT is activated The false case will remain empty b Add a copy of CalVIEW Master and the license DCAT VI outside the case structure and use their outputs to set the case c Add a copy of co
271. wo tabs measurement setup and engine setup will cause the target application to enter the setup state and the rest of the tabs will cause the target program to enter the running state For organization the tab control will control a case structure on the block diagram containing any calculations and controls needed on the corresponding tab Some tabs will not require any logic in their case but others may for formatting table graphs and charts A second loop will be used to show trends Please refer to the CalVIEW documentation for details about creating a user interface Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT Version 2 90 2 Drivven Inc DCAT File Edit View Project Operate Tools Window Help 7 DRIVVEN lo Speed rpm mn Timer us Figure 22 Simple Example User Interface 10 Create a pairing file Open CalVIEW if it is not already open Select the proper target and host VI Pair the target and host items Refer to the CalVIEW user s manual for more details aog Fie Operate Pairings Calibration Options Snapshot Help 2DU B BbJ o g Target Items DCAT AsyncSetup d AssociatedCylinder_Async1 d AssociatedCylinder_Async10 d AssociatedCylinder_Async11 d AssociatedCylinder_Async12 d AssociatedCylinder_Async13 d AssociatedCylinder_Asynci4 d AssociatedCylinder_Async15 d AssociatedCylinder_Async16 a A e wnt dO be sl mm Bee oO Control Ind Unit Host Items Mame np Controifi
272. ximum and mean values are updated every cycle Tools Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 184 Drivven Inc DCAT Array Stats reentrant subroutine This VI calculates statistics for an array of values An optional array of Booleans can be used to exclude certain values from the statistics Array of Values Stats Out Name Exclude From Stats F Array of Values Array This control contains the input values Value Single Float Parameter Value Exclude From Stats F Array Exclude From Stats Array ctl This control contains an array that can be used to exclude individual values from the statistics calculations If the array is empty all values will be used Exclude From Stats F Boolean Exclude From Stats ctl This control is set true if the current value is to be excluded from the statistical calculations This may be desirable if statistics are required for a subset sampling population based on some criteria Example if you need to determine the average peak pressure for all cylinder events that are not considered a misfire Name String This control defines the name of the parameter that the Statistics are calculated for Stats Out Cluster Stats ctl This control contains calculated statistical results CAD2CAT_dcat reentrant subroutine This VI calculates the crank angle degree CAD associated with a specific crank angle tick CAT as DCAT sees it Engine Setup Cylinder 1 j o CAD Single F
273. y other pulse Sig In Boolean Input signal Sig Out Boolean Output signal Switch Boolean Switches the pules that is removed dcat_sample_supv_reva reentrant normal priority This is the DCAT Sampling Supervisor VI for LabVIEW FPGA It accepts the high resolution crankshaft encoder signal and encoder index from the EPT VI The user may enable this VI at any time and the EncABOut and EncZOut outputs will be started and stopped at cycle boundaries to be used as a start trigger and sampling clock to the S Series DAQ cards If Cycles is 0 then the outputs will be started at the next engine cycle boundary after enabled and will continue until disabled If Cycles is positive then the outputs will be started at the next engine cycle after enabled and continue for the specified number of engine cycles The time based AsyncClkIn is also gated on cycle boundaries to the AsyncClkOut output This clock can be used for time based sampling to an S Series card for taking data simultaneously with angle based data The Divide input can be used for dividing down the resolution of the EncABlIn input if Divide is 0 then EncABOut will remain FALSE For passing the EncABlIn through to EncABOut set Divide to 1 Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 219 Drivven Inc DCAT This VI also provides a FreeTimer in microseconds and a CycleCount These values can be wired to the DCAT standard data VI for serializing this data to the S Series card dig
274. ycle defined as 180 to 180 CAD PMEP Pumping MEP over the portions of the cycle defined as 360 to 180 and 180 to 360 CAD PMEFP is a negative value NMEP Net MEP resulting from IMEP PMEP NMEP is effectively over the complete cycle defined as 360 to 360 CAD DCATAdvanced User Interface A 6076 13 6089 381 6056 487 6002 e e 6456 51e 6373 508 6346 408 6403 47 5809 052 5778 29 5799 899 5697 848 EN C 169 997 174 011 149 853 158 248 163 027 nes 0 029 0 025 0 0 0 07 a a Ja so sed SO Logg Value CAB 19 000 _ 20 000 _ 21000 22000 20 800 _ Mean 20800 20 800 20 900 21 260 20 90 max 22 000 22000 22000 22 000 2200 Mm fiso 20000 2000 20000 9750 II o fose fosoa 0 789 sl T ToO T Too dean foo oos 0 03 0 035 ooo __ SS SS A EE Rea foes es fsa eae fe f Max fasa fas faas 130 az i m D lun ue ize aos e Jam oom 0 012 oos foon feo foo oos foom ju ue 1 so so jo S is H e 138 1374 132 i0 Men JL IL Sat a ar ITT DEN a 345 764 346 375 281 982 205 034 e462 i id Si Cd Cr Cr Cr CY 15 1 16 500 13458 ssw rss nnsa oanca Innaa nnaa Figure 56 Summary Tab Drivven Inc 2009 DCAT e Version 2 90 61 Drivven Inc DCAT Saving Data The Save Files tab shown in Figure 57 provides configuration parameters for saving two types of data sets

Drivven Combustion Analysis Toolkit (DCAT) User`s Manual

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