Home

User`s Manual Model 8365 Series Dual-Technology

Contents

1. 3015 87 70 ic 13315 Oa 2 uuc go 9 d3AvHO MO TT 6 E 7 2 Y E E JVJ ii m Y TH 18 41 3 E be 13 31 13 31 i Y04 38075 0715 uu GZ up GZ J 271 jui 29900 uva 1 292 3 H J e DN N ddid 2 73315 14102 318 44 N O 103 MO uws co 47 7 Z ET M s EIE a N 901 0 0951 804 E G x E 21254 i PIRA Sl x 310H jl Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor 18 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manu
2. te tows 7 2 2 heo i o uctus tnit us kiasa E 7 SR EN AND der 8 PEDON OR hates MES 9 dili IL u DETROIT 9 3 9 Meteorological Reguire men Sua led 10 o4 Measure ment a 11 TCU 12 3 5 1 Meteorological Visibility Daylieht 13 3 5 2 Meteorological Visibility at 4 4 4 4 20002 0 000000000000 14 S 06 unway Vasual Range IR VR uuu uuu p 15 LAGO L u mua aus T TT 16 K Un a unuyku 16 TL INSTALEATION Tc 17 T NR aa a 17 Sensor Installation uu 17 AD NW T DS D T 17 trian ph ares uence aos 17 Non Eraneible Fower InstallattODS put ibus 17 4 5 2 Frangible Tower InstallatiOns u uuu uu
3. ainbi4 User s Manual 0 05 0 19104 eo2ejdey 105 95 10 Josuas uone1 do 104 p nBiJuo5 9JeMyos pue sod seui aly 49 01 U09 uo sI Jenueu sasn Ul p 59146 999 ewou 6136215 S Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor Alessaoou uoljesuapuod s peay asny pue uo Josuas s Jayeay speay 9 Jo 1e9 2 Speay Josuas 3IA19S 0 1osu s Buluonojun si 1osu s SAA sasn Ul p c pue 59146 905 snjejs s illqISIA SSA 10sues s 19715 96 User s Manual Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor S3A 1u02 Bunoouso qnoj nBij3 0 09 ON e1 do Josuas 5900 SHA pueog e2ejioju sasny aoejday ON uo sesnj 2 Bulim OY 8l DY pue Jayeeig 32909 4191 8 oy c Een p ddin 9 1940 Josuas 5900 112 10 5 Jayealg y S S3A 21 6 0 J
4. sut etis 19 Mt Founda O dE MEE CM EM C LU M IM E D LEE 19 Conduit and DOXE Sum cease di datum x abiur a ass 19 4 Power CONNCCUOING inset ehe dee cte one nuan Shuyana q 19 4 0 Visibility Sensor Installation uu uu E anim E D on sin 20 4 7 Visibility Controller Assembly 1 2 2 00 00000000000000 00000055 26 HD AME 30 4 7 2 Ground Cable pese babes ed nae 30 4 TSAN AC RKI uuu uu 31 J US Mal tomes d 34 Jo ON I uuu m A PM uaa Mp 34 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual DUCI Rl E mnt ate L 35 4 9 1 Ambient Light Sensor Kit Installal1on u La 35 4 9 2 Day Night sensor Kit a eee assia paga 38 49 5 Battery BackupiKitiliishillRllonu yu u uu uyu na DEE eor E ut PEE Ud 40 JO 4 Handheld Terminal 2 0 uui edet Ei elut EHE Salate rt io tad 42 SM zd PR n u
5. n tance 43 AT ana ena mana E 44 Dll un 44 2 12 C alibialion ___________ _ 6_ 6 6 44 ofer cba 45 SM PLC DE 46 IESS C e A T 46 O OPERATION p 48 AM ge em C 48 S m i easi Damien Lov 48 Battery 9 TEC D sacra insert of 48 48 Controller Board BEDA uu Mete tatem alti ba alte ME 50 02 V Eidos 50 A u u 50 0 T gt Neer tan aren iene 50 Specie EI rr 50 CES essences cessed nce a ures twee os satu ee anaes 50 JI 51 gt Terminal Ha Sa 51 MINS FC uyu D ee tea Mir 52 l Oil put Data On uu uyu 52 Standard Output D
6. Xr 5 5201 01 11060004 X 722 311201 40 TIVWS V Addy N97 1nN 26 01 C N9 1S600N 0 gt A j ASSY ALMIGISIA SOMV 30 v LHS k 7 NO 040091 318 2 9NUSIX3 Ns 7 W 1 7 HOLIMS 062 611 N3A00 OL NMOHS SV D cx 7 M3AO0O 5 NO AT31VAVIXOMddV T38V1 o o m d 4 W NI NMOHS Sv 31VW33 QN3 318VO AMVQONOO3S dlMIS ONY 1nd e N 1130 NI NMOHS SV HI9N31 OL 31VW ON3 318 2 AYVNIYd 1nd Nz O SOMY SIHL NouvinsNi 90 82 sonaa V e 0 22 lt 0 gt 31410345 3SIMM3HlO 5531 5310 133HS 32 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual The setup described above completes the installation of the 220 V AC Kit when the 8365 will be connected to a power source protected by a ground fault interrupt GFI In areas subject to lightning strikes where the power source has no GFI protection add a jumper to the power connector on the Visibility Controller Board see Figure 23 Use a solid wire about 18 gauge 1 mm If stranded wire is used just break off strands until the wire will fit in the hole along with the existing wire Figure 23 Add Jumper Wire to Visibility Controller Board for Lightning Mitigation 33 Model 8365 Series Dual Tech
7. Done 63 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 13 14 15 16 17 The emitters must be covered so that no light from them reaches the detectors An effective way to do this is to insert a piece of black foam inside the sensor hood between the emitter window and the arch shaped brace on the inside of the hood see Figure 34 Be sure to press the foam all the way up into the hood so that it covers the emitter window completely Figure 34 Covering the Emitters When the emitters are blocked press the key to continue The sensor will perform another cycle of calibration measurements Cal averaging cycle 01 The number the display will again increment to 25 as the measurements proceed again taking about 5 minutes When the cycle is complete you will be prompted to uncover the emitters Remove covers Done Remove the foam blocks from the emitters then press the key The sensor will generate a new calibration factor based on the measurements taken The display will show the old and new values Old 54 908 New 54 738 Cont 64 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 18 Record the old and new calibration factors in an ongoing log for future reference then press the key to continue to the next screen Change 0 3 Accept Reject 19 This screen shows the difference between the old calibration fact
8. direct 1 failed mode 1 indirect 0 i 1 failed emitter 0 status 0 1 failed emitter 1 status 0 1 failed detector O stat 0 1 failed 1 1 1 1 1 1 C1 detector 1 status 0 failed cross check 0 failed emitter 0 heater status 0 failed emitter 1 heater status 0 failed detector 0 heater status 0 failed detector 1 heater status 0 failed ALS or D N heater status note this bit is ignored when 0 neither an ALS nor Day Night sensor is present 1 failed 10 11 12 TES 14 15 27 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual Table 7 Status Word 2 Visibility Sensor Status Word 2 VALUE MEANING 0 ALS present ALS not installed OK window dirty D N present D N not installed night day on AC power on battery power OK failed OK failed OK failed BIT FUNCTION ALS installed status ALS dirty window status D N sensor installed status Day Night indicator note this bit is only valid if a sensor is present unused power source indicator 5V power supply status 15 V power supply status 15 V power supply status 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 unused 58 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual Example As an example of how to decode a status word let s use the value 0048 This is a common value for Status Word 0 since it represents a commo
9. Identifier Paddle Out Paddle In Paddle Out Paddle In 18000 65 20000 4 Press the key The ALS counts will be shown Ignore this screen for now This value is used for advanced troubleshooting of the ALS sensor and requires specialized equipment Press the again at the ALS counts screen to return to the test menu 5 Insert the calibrator and take a second set of measurements Again use the values generated from the second measuring cycle The values should resemble those shown below Counts d11 20000 d10 600 Cont 81 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 6 Record the values on the worksheet under Normal Paddle In VISIBILITY SENSOR DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET Detector Normal Cables Swapped Swapped Swapped Mode Rotated 18000 7 Disconnect power from the sensor 20000 27000 8 Disconnect the two emitter cables from their connectors the Visibility Controller Board 9 Connect Emitter 0 to the Emitter 1 connector on the Visibility Controller Board and connect Emitter 1 to Emitter 2 s connector on the Visibility Controller Board 10 Disconnect the two detector cables from their connectors on the Visibility Controller Board 11 Connect Detector 0 to the Detector 1 connector on the Visibility Controller Board and connect Detector 1 to Detector 2 s connector on the Visibility Controller Board 12 Reconnect power to the sensor 13 Enter t
10. User s Manual 6 OPERATION 6 1 SWITCHES 6 1 1 Main Power Switch The main power switch 15 located on the AC Interface board a smaller printed circuit board mounted in the lower right corner of the controller enclosure beneath the Visibility Controller Board see Figure 29 This switch must be in the ON position when operating from AC power 52 not used F2 5A not used F1 10A MAIN ON OFF SWITCH Figure 29 AC Interface Board 6 1 2 Battery Switch The Battery ON OFF switch located 1n the upper left corner of the Visibility Controller Board see Figure 30 allows an installed optional backup battery to power the system and to be charged by AC power This switch must be ON to charge the battery or power the system from battery power When AC power is removed however and the system 15 not operating from battery power this switch should be turned OFF to prevent the battery from being depleted 6 1 3 Battery Start Switch If an optional backup battery is installed 1t will automatically become the sensor s power source in the event of a loss of AC power If however the system is powered up on battery power only the BATTERY START switch must be depressed to initiate battery power The BATTERY START switch 1s located in the upper left of the Visibility Controller Board just to the left of the large rectangular component U4 see Figure 30 To initiate battery power depress the BATTERY START button and hold it down for
11. an EEPROM is already installed in U12 remove the existing EEPROM and install the new EEPROM in its place Perform the visibility calibration procedure described in Chapter 8 to set the correct calibration factor in the EEPROM 37 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 4 9 2 Day Night Sensor Kit Installation See Figure 24 The Day Night sensor installs on the underside of the Visibility Controller Assembly enclosure and connects to J7 on the Visibility Controller Board I 2 Remove the sealing nut from the Day Night sensor s threaded neck To make the cable end and connector profile small enough to fit through the cutout in the bottom of the enclosure fold the cable back over the connector then bend the cable 90 as shown in Figure 24 With the cable still folded over the connector feed the cable through the far right cutout in the underside of the enclosure when seen from below with the door topmost and into the enclosure Feed the rest of the cable into the enclosure and insert the sensor into the cutout so that the threaded neck 15 inside Inside the enclosure feed the cable through the sealing nut and thread the nut onto the sensor neck Tighten the nut snugly so that the sensor 15 tight against the base of the enclosure Plug the connector into J7 on the Visibility Controller Board 7 Install jumper JP2 remove jumper JP3 Align the sensor to North in the Northern Hemisphere an
12. as prompted Clean windows Done 7 The sensor will now begin calibration measurements Cal averaging cycle 01 8 The number the display will increment as the cycle continues up to 25 This takes about five minutes You will then be prompted to insert the calibration paddle Insert paddle Done 62 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 9 Mount the calibration paddle to the outside of the upright portion of the mount as shown in Figure 33 Secure it by tightening the two thumbscrews at the base Note If the sun 15 low on the horizon and 15 reflecting off the calibration paddle into the detectors loosen the main mounting bolt securing the sensor to the mast and rotate the entire sensor 90 Figure 33 Mount the calibration paddle to the outside of the upright portion of the mount 10 When the calibration paddle is in place press the key to continue The sensor will perform another cycle of calibration measurements Cal averaging cycle 01 11 The number on the display will again increment to 25 as the measurements proceed again taking about 5 minutes When the cycle is complete you will be prompted to remove the calibration paddle Remove paddle Done 12 Remove the calibration paddle If the sensor was rotated during Step 9 rotate it back to its original position When done press the key You will next be prompted to cover the emitters Cover emitters
13. atmosphere The coefficient 15 a measure of the attenuation due to both absorption and scattering The luminance contrast symbol C 1s the ratio of the difference between the luminance of an object and its background and the luminance of the background The contrast threshold symbol is the minimum value of the luminance contrast that the human eye can detect 1 e the value that allows an object to be distinguished from its background The contrast threshold varies with the individual The illuminance threshold is the smallest illuminance at the eye for the detection of point sources of light against a background of specified luminance The value of therefore varies according to lighting conditions The transmission factor symbol T 1s defined for a collimated beam from an incandescent source at a color temperature of 2700 K as the fraction of luminous flux which remains in the beam after traversing an optical path of a given length in the atmosphere The transmission factor 1s also called the transmission coefficient The terms transmittance or transmissive power of the atmosphere are also used when the path 1s defined 1 e of a specific length e g in the case of a transmissometer In this case T is often multiplied by 100 and expressed in percent 3 2 UNITS AND SCALES The meteorological visibility or 15 expressed in meters or kilometers The measurement range varies according to application While for synop
14. form and factor is identical so they are interchangeable The only difference between them is the maximum Meteorological Optical Range MOR Visibility Sensor Model Number MOR 8365 A 33 ft to 20 miles 10 m to 32 km 8365 33 ft to 50 miles 10 m to 80 km The Model 8365 A circuit boards use through hole components and the Model 8365 C circuit boards use surface mounted components Any differences in component labeling or location are identified in this manual based on the specific 8365 model Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 1 2 ACCESSORIES The following accessories and replacement parts are available for the Model 8365 Visibility Sensor Part Number Description Ambient Light Sensor Kit 27 Galvanized Mounting Pipe 2 A Fuse F1 Grounding Kit Grounding Kit Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 2 THEORY OF OPERATION 2 1 GENERAL The 8365 Visibility Sensor measures atmospheric optical extinction coefficient An infrared emitting diode illuminates the atmospheric sample volume with amplitude modulated narrow band optical radiation centered at a wavelength of 865 nm Optical energy scattered by interaction with particles in the sample volume is measured at a scatter angle of 35 degrees This angle 15 selected because it provides a linear scattered signal amplitude for the particle size distribution of interest haze fog rain and snow A solid stat
15. i ee Nu s Alignment 15 a complex procedure If a local facility 1s not available capable of performing this procedure the sensor should be returned to Weather Inc for realignment Alignment should be done inside away from the weather in a dry open room Do not try to align the system in a small area as reflections from walls will distort the results and yield invalid alignment 9 1 ALIGNMENT CHECK The alignment of the sensor heads can be checked using a Handheld Terminal as follows 1 Place the sensor in Mode using the Handheld Terminal 2 Note the direct counts for Detector 0 The direct counts are equal to twice the detector frequency and should be in the range 20000 33400 3 Place the sensor in Mode 0 using the Handheld Terminal 4 Note the direct counts for Detector 1 The direct counts are equal to twice the detector frequency and should be in the range 20000 33400 5 Ifthe results within the specified range the heads are in alignment If the results are outside the specified range perform the alignment procedures explained below 66 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 9 2 ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE 9 2 1 Cover Removal Remove the inner and outer sensor head covers from each sensor head as follows 1 Remove the single screw from the sensor head outer cover and remove the cover 2 Remove the two Phillips head screws from the inner cover then remove the inner cover whil
16. the back ground luminance used to determine the visual threshold of illumination and the Runway Lights Setting Interface which communicates the intensity of the runway lights to the RVR software 15 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 3 7 RVR CALCULATION When using the 8365 to determine RVR All Weather Inc RVR software is used conjunction with the 8365 a Model M488171 Ambient Light Sensor and a Runway Lights Setting Interface To perform the runway visual range calculations the software uses the background luminance runway light intensity and extinction coefficient raw data to calculate the values using both Allard s and Koschmieder s laws It then determines which routine gives the greatest runway visual range and returns that number The variables used in determining RVR are defined as follows K the RVR value calculated from Koschmieder s equations R the RVR value calculated from Allard s equations the extinction coefficient for Koschmieder s law in daytime bgl background luminance in candelas m 1 light intensity candle power illumination threshold Calculate the runway light intensity in candle power from light setting interface from the chart describing intensity of the runway lights Calculate Koschmieder s law for daylight visibility using the following formula In 0 05 K Calculate Allard s value from the following equations E 1 99 l
17. 0 DCP The AWOS format data packet consists of the extinction coefficient as calculated by the 8365 and Status Words 0 1 and 2 see Tables 5 6 and 7 AWOS Model 1190 DCP 15 able to poll the sensor using the following command VISIxx lt cr gt lt lf gt where xx is the sensor address 00 is sensor address 0 11 is sensor address 1 up to 99 for sensor address 9 The interface is 4800 bps 8 data bits 1 stop bit no parity The cyclic redundancy code CRC16 covers all bytes up to but not including the 4 bytes of CRC Following the packet but external to it are a carriage return and a line feed to allow the use of printers or terminals in monitoring the data Table 4 AWOS Output Data Format AWOS Output Data Format Length tes Extinction coefficient 3 extinction coefficient from 8365 1 1 Status Word 0 see Table 5 blank ERE Status Word 1 see Table 6 blank Status Word 2 see Table 7 blank ee ALS value up to 5 digits ALS data 245 HANE EMEN increments with each packet range is from 0 7 inclusive Packet counter blank Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual Table 4 AWOS Output Data Format AWOS Output Data Format Sm Length oytes 3 2 2 8365 flag I 1 if 8365 0 if other model NENNEN CRC MSB ASCII byte XX CRC LSB ASCII byte Tem er XX signifies that the number shown is a hexadecimal number 7 1 3 Other Poll commands Two addit
18. 140 F Temperature Range 40 to 60 C Output Level Day 0 V DC Output Level Night 5 0 V DC 5 X 1 5 X 1 5 3 8 cm x 3 8 cm x 3 8 cm Size 13 2 2 Battery Backup Kit A 5 A h Battery Backup Kit Model 11903 1s available for powering the 8365 Visibility Sensor during power outages The battery connects to the Visibility Sensor via TB3 on the Visibility Controller Board and can provide up to 3 hours of operation at temperatures above 0 C The Visibility Controller Board 404811 has a charging circuit that maintains a full charge on the battery when AC power is present Switch S1 BATTERY ON OFF controls the battery voltage to the Visibility Controller Board This switch must be in the ON position in order for the battery to be charged during AC operation and to provide power to the visibility sensor during a loss of AC power 02 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual In the event of a loss of AC power the backup battery will automatically become the sensor s power source If however the system is powered up on battery power only the BATTERY START switch must be depressed to initiate battery power The BATTERY START switch is located in the upper left of the Visibility Controller Board just to the left of the large rectangular component U4 To initiate battery power depress the BATTERY START button and hold it down for 3 4 seconds The backup battery does not power the sensor head
19. 3 4 seconds 48 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor BATT CHARGED LED FLOAT CHARGE LED BATTERY 2A eho Le A WATCHDOG LED 3 a QN LED F2 PCB 0 5A F3 HEATERS 4A BATTERY STAR ie BATTERY BATTERY 2 Aes M TLOAT CHARGE c LED gt 2d POWER ON ON HEATER EUSE Ne MAIN FUSE BATTERY ON OFF BATTERY START SWITCH POWERON PED in User s Manual 8365 A JP3 ALS IN JP2 D N IN 8365 C Figure 30 Visibility Controller Board Component Locations 49 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 6 2 CONTROLLER BOARD LEDS A series of LEDs located on the Visibility Controller Board provide a visual indication of sensor operation Figure 30 shows the location of these LEDs 6 2 1 Watchdog LED The red WATCHDOG LED should blink on and off during normal operation indicating that processing 1s proceeding normally If the LED does not light at all or if it stays lighted an error has occurred 6 2 2 Heat On LED The red HEAT_ON LED lights when the sensor head heaters are running 6 2 3 Power On LED The red POWER_ON LED lights whenever AC line power 15 being supplied to the Visibility Controller Board This LED will be off when running from battery power 6 2 4 Battery LEDs Two LEDs in the upper left of the Visibility Controller Board monitor the c
20. 3 minutes minutes standard for AWOS 5 minutes 2 minutes optional 10 minutes 3 minutes optional 2 2 4 Background Sensitivity The visibility sensor is unaffected by normal ambient or background optical radiation The lock in detection technique previously described averages to zero any signal not in phase with and at the same frequency as the emitter modulation frequency 2 2 5 Measurement Mode During normal operation the visibility sensor will operate in the measurement mode While in the measurement mode the sensor alternates between Mode 0 and Mode 1 operation with a period of 15 seconds Each half cycle a new pair of detector measurements 1s acquired one direct and one scatter Each new pair of measurements is checked for integrity The measure ment cycle period is 1 minute long with 30 seconds spent in each mode At the end of each 30 second measurement cycle a new pair of measured values is available for update of the extinction coefficient product Should the data be missing for some reason the measured value will be indicated as MM MMM 2 2 6 Three Headed Operation A special mode of operation has been incorporated into the design of the 8365 Visibility Sensor to allow it to continue operating even after one of the sensor heads has failed Three headed operation is initiated automatically when the software determines that one of the sensor heads emitter or detector 1s not functioning properly In this m
21. A SAHA 5 9 1051098 5900 Bum 129107 9 19 10sues 5900 6 peq sejd y p4eoq 191 e2ejdoy 19104 0 o 49949 1 0 02 uo pue Z4 sesnj 0942 99 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 12 OPTIONS AND PARTS LIST Table 10 shows the lowest replaceable units LRUs for the 8365 Visibility Sensor as well as available options and their part numbers Table 10 Options and Parts List 8365 Options and Parts List 8365 A 8365 C 442071 10 A 250 V 5x20 mm slow blow fuse F1 AC Interface Board 442070 V 5x20 mm slow blow fuse F2 AC Interface Board 90 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 13 KITS 13 1 AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR ALS KIT An optional Ambient Light Sensor Kit M488171 01 1s available for the 8365 for use calculating Runway Visual Range RVR The Ambient Light Sensor provides luminance of a six degree field of view of the polar horizon sky at an elevation of 20 to the horizon The Ambient Light Sensor generates an output frequency signal that is proportional to the actual ambient light level over the range of 0 40 000 cd m The accuracy of the sensor is 10 of the reading or 0 5 cd m whichever 15 greater Signal processing is provide
22. AC Interface Board Fl 10 A 250 V 5x20 mm slow blow Controller Board Fl 2 250 V 5x20 mm F2 0 5 A 250 V 5x20 mm F3 4 A 250 V 5x20 mm T3 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 11 TROUBLESHOOTING 11 1 TROUBLESHOOTING FLOWCHART A troubleshooting flowchart Figure 43 is included at end of this chapter to assist in tracing sen sor and controller problems Use this chart to locate the problem and to determine the necessary tests for isolating the cause and correcting it The following section describes in detail the troubleshooting tests prescribed in the chart Note For best results perform the tests under high visibility conditions 11 2 FAULT ISOLATION A fault in the visibility sensor will be manifested in one of three ways e The sensor does not complete the visibility cycle e Anerroneous value is reported e sensor fault is indicated Accurate tracing of the indicated problem to its source is necessary for efficient repair of the sensor To do this a series of measurements are made under varying conditions and the results recorded on a diagnostic worksheet Table 9 The data accumulated from these measurements allows the sensor element at fault to be determined Table 9 Diagnostic Worksheet VISIBILITY SENSOR DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET Detector Cables Swapped Mode Rotated Identifier Paddle Out Paddle In Paddle Out Paddle In 76 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sen
23. B Figure 39 Do i Adjust potentiometer R23 on the Detector 1 Demodulator see Figure 39 for a rectified sine wave Figure 40 shows the appropriate pattern TP1 TP2 R23 R27 R31 silaa i tojlla ran Figure 39 Model 8365 C Detector Demodulator PCB Place the sensor in Mode Q 6 Place the scope probe at TP2 on the Detector 0 Demodulator PCB see Figure 39 7 Adjust potentiometer R23 on the Detector 0 Demodulator PCB see Figure 39 for a rectified sine wave as done above for Detector 1 8 Remove the calibration paddle Wrong Figure 40 Rectified Sine Wave at TP2 of Demodulator 1 After Adjusting R23 70 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 9 2 3 2 Emitter Output Adjustment 1 2 3 Place the sensor in Mode 0 Place the scope probe at TP6 on the Detector 1 Demodulator PCB see Figure 39 Adjust potentiometer R3 on the Emitter 0 PCB see Figure 41 to obtain a 3 0 V p p 0 1 V sine wave ALL Opi 6 MEINE EU E s k Figure 41 Model 8365 C Emitter Place the sensor in Mode 1 5 Place the scope probe at TP6 on the Detector 0 Demodulator PCB see Figure 39 Adjust potentiometer R3 on the Emitter 1 PCB see Figure 41 to obtain a 3 0 Vp p 0 1 V sine wave 71 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 9 2 3 3 Offset and Gain Adjustments A Plac
24. Board from contaminating analog signals The detector assembly optical sensitivity is digitally programmed by the Visibility Controller Board Programmable gains are switched at the photodetector preamplifier and high gain amplifier Three gain settings are used to cover the detector dynamic range One gain setting is used for the direct transmission mode measurement while the other two cover the scattering mode range requirements 2 2 2 Visibility Controller Assembly The emitter and detector assemblies are controlled by the Visibility Controller Board which generates the reference frequency for emitter modulation and detector demodulation sets all emitter and detector modes of operation measures the detector assembly frequency output and processes the extinction coefficient algorithm The heater controller measures temperature within each emitter and detector enclosure Solid state temperature sensors inside each housing provide an analog voltage proportional to the enclosure temperature The temperature controller monitors these signals turning 50 W heater elements on and off with a solid state switch Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 2 2 3 Constant The sensor s time constant is a function of the averaging interval selected For step change in extinction coefficient the sensor output data will cross 1 of the final value in the times listed below Averaging Interval Time Constant
25. CCE V OVN Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor 39 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 4 9 3 Battery Backup Kit Installation See Figure 27 The Battery Backup Kit can provide up to 3 hours of operation at temperatures above 0 C A charging circuit on the Visibility Controller Board maintains a full charge on the battery when AC power is present The battery attaches to the inside of the Visibility Controller Assembly enclosure door using Velcro strips 1 Attach a Velcro strip to the bottom of the battery and a mating strip to the lower lip of the enclosure door so that when installed the battery will rest on the lower edge of the door see Figure 27 2 Connect the wires from the battery to TB3 on the Visibility Controller Board RED wire to pin 1 BLACK wire to pin 2 Caution Be careful not to touch the battery leads together when connecting or handling the battery 3 Turn the BATTERY switch S1 on the Visibility Controller Board ON In the event of a loss of AC power the backup battery will automatically become the sensor s power source If however the system 16 powered up on battery power only the BATTERY START switch must be depressed to initiate battery power The BATTERY START switch 1s located in the upper left of the Visibility Controller Board just to the left of the large rectangular component U4 To initiate battery power depress the BATTERY STAR
26. ILITY SENSOR DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET Detector Normal Cables Swapped Cables Swapped Mode Rotated Identifier Paddle Out Paddle In Paddle Out Paddle In 18000 5 20000 93 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 11 4 DATA EVALUATION The values shown on the display during testing represent counts of the detector output frequency and will vary with the strength of the received optical signal The sample values shown in the work sheets above are idealized values meant to demonstrate the relationships between them when the sensor 16 operating normally The actual values may vary fairly widely from these but their relationships will be unaltered when the sensor is functioning properly Deviation from the relative values is the main indicator of a problem s source Under normal conditions the relationships are as follows e With the calibrator out direct values should be high 20 000 to 33 000 and scatter values should be low 500 to 15 000 The exact values will depend on weather conditions at the time of measurement In low visibility conditions scatter values may go very high inserting the calibrator however will still cause them to go higher e The calibrator paddle scatters the majority of the emitted energy and greatly reduces the amount of direct energy passing through simulating very low visibility With the calibrator in therefore the reported values should be the inverse of those describe
27. METEOROLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS The concept of visibility is used extensively in meteorology in two distinct ways Firstly it is one of the elements identifying air mass characteristics especially for the needs of synoptic meteorology and climatology Here visibility must be representative of the optical state of the atmosphere Secondly it is an operational variable which corresponds to specific criteria or special applica tions For this purpose it is expressed directly in terms of the distance at which specific markers or lights be seen One of the most important special applications is found in meteorological services to aviation The measure of visibility used in meteorology should be free from the influence of extra meteorological conditions but it must be simply related to intuitive concepts of visibility and to the distance at which common objects can be seen under normal conditions MOR has been defined to meet these requirements being convenient for instrumental methods by day and night and having well understood relations with other measures of visibility MOR has been formally adopted by WMO as the measure of visibility for both general and aeronautical uses WMO 19902 It is also recognized by the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 1987 for application in atmospheric optics and visual signaling MOR is related to the intuitive concept of visibility through the contrast threshold In 1924 Koschmieder followed b
28. Mode Pressing 2 at the Setup Menu will put the system into calibration mode Refer to Chapter 8 for instructions in using this mode to calibrate the 8365 44 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 5 1 3 Test Mode Pressing 3 at the Setup Menu will put the system into test mode There are five selections in the test menu O Exit 1 Stat 2 Diag 3 Mode 0 4 Mode 1 These options allow for internal testing of the system in specific operational modes Pressing 0 Exit returns you to the main setup menu Pressing 1 Stat will display current values for the three status words System Status 0048 0000 0001 Cont The meanings of the status words are explained in Chapter 2 and in Table 5 Table 6 and Table 7 Press the key to return to the test menu Pressing 2 Diag will initiate the diagnostics program a series of tests of various system components RAM ROM etc When you choose this option a diagnostics menu will be displayed O Exit 12RAM 2 3 Pwr 4 NV RAM To select a test to run press the number key for that test As the test 1s running a progress message such as the following will be displayed RAM Test in progress When the test is completed a message such as the following will be displayed if the test has been successful RAM Test PASS Cont Hit the key to return to the diagnostics menu and carry out any other tests All the tests return a PASS or FAIL message when
29. Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual Rev D allweatherinc All Weather Inc 1165 National Drive Sacramento CA 95834 USA 800 824 5873 www allweatherinc com Copyright 2013 2015 Weather Inc All Rights Reserved The information contained herein is proprietary and is provided solely for the purpose of allowing customers to operate and or service All Weather Inc manufactured equipment and is not to be released reproduced or used for any other purpose without written permission of All Weather Inc Throughout this manual trademarked names might be used Rather than put a trademark symbol in every occurrence of a trademarked name we state herein that we are using the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner and with no intention of infringement All Weather Inc and the All Weather Inc logo are trademarks of All Weather Inc Disclaimer The information and specifications described in this manual are subject to change without notice 4 alweatherinc All Weather Inc 1165 National Drive Sacramento CA 95834 Tel 916 928 1000 Fax 916 928 1165 Contact Customer Service Phone support is available from 8 00am 4 30pm PT Monday through Friday Call 916 928 1000 and ask for Service e Online support is available by filling out a request at www allweatherinc com support online support E mail your support request t
30. NU To enter the Setup Menu press the ENT key on the Handheld Display s keypad or Return on a VT52 The following menu will appear O EXIT 1 D T 2 CALIB 4 5 CFG 0 Press O to exit from the Setup Menu 1 D T Press 1 to set the correct date and time 2 CALIB Press 2 to put the system into calibration mode The calibration procedure is explained in detail in the Chapter 8 3 TEST Press 3 to put the system into test mode 4 BOOT Press 4 to perform either a software or a system reboot 5 CFG Press 5 to enter the configuration mode If you make an error while making an entry use the arrow keys to place the cursor beneath the character to be corrected and enter the new value The new value will overwrite the old one 5 1 1 Date Time Setup Enter 1 at the Setup Menu to change the time or date The display will read O Exit 1 Set Date 2 Set Time To enter the date press 1 The display will read Enter date ddmmyyyy Enter the date the format shown for example 01081998 for August 1 1998 then press ENT or Return The display will return to the Date Time menu To enter time press 2 at the Date Time menu The display will read Enter time hhmmss Enter the time in the format shown for example 133015 for 1 30 15 pm then press ENT or Return The display will return to the Date Time menu To return to the main menu press 0 at the Date Time menu 5 1 2 Calibration
31. OR and the intensity of the light but also on the illuminance at the observer s eye from all other light sources In 1876 Allard proposed the law of attenuation of light from a point source of known intensity D as a function of distance x and extinction coefficient The illuminance of a point light source 15 given by E T1 r 11 When the light is just visible and following be written 10 Noting that l a In 1 0 05 in Equation 6 we may write 1 Poar In 5 F 13 14 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 3 6 RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE RVR Runway Visual Range RVR is used in aviation applications and is defined as the range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the center line of a runway can see the runway surface markings or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its center line The main purpose of RVR is to provide pilots air traffic services units and other aeronautical users with information on runway visibility conditions during periods of low visibility whether due to fog the most frequent cause of low visibility in many places or to other causes such as rain snow or sand storms In particular RVR 15 required to allow an assessment to be made as to whether conditions are above or below the specified operating minima Assessment of RVR 15 by calculation based on Koschmieder s
32. SIBILITY POWER CONDUIT J VISIBILITY SIGNAL CONDUIT ELECTRICAL CONDUIT Figure 5 Conduit and Junction Box Installation 4 5 SIGNAL AND POWER CONNECTIONS Power and signal connections from the sensor heads are already terminated in the visibility sensor controller enclosure The Ambient Light Sensor ALS mounted on one of the sensor heads is connected inside the visibility sensor controller enclosure Separate power and signal connections for the ALS are not required 19 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 4 6 VISIBILITY SENSOR INSTALLATION Follow the instructions below for assembling and installing the sensor 1 See Figure 6 Install the mounting plate sleeve assembly onto the mast sliding the mast into the mounting sleeve Temporarily tighten the two bolts to secure the sleeve to the mast Figure 6 Mounting Plate Sleeve Installation 2 See Figure 7 Place crossarm 1 the crossarm with the POLE label onto the mounting plate with the label oriented as shown in Figure 7 Note that all steps that reference pointing toward the POLE refer to pointing to the closest geographic pole North or South depending on the installation location relative to the equator xpo 2 Figure 7 Crossarm 1 installation 20 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 3 Orient the crossarm diagonally on the plate so that the mounting holes in the crossarm align with t
33. See Table 3 In standard format the visibility output data are embedded within a transmission packet that provides for start synchronization and data transmission quality checks The first part of the packet is the preface which consists of three SYNC characters This allows a simple routine to detect the beginning of a packet even in noisy conditions After the three character preface comes the actual packet which includes the sensor model sensor address date time visibility reported as visibility in miles or kilometers or as the extinction coeffi cient ALS value in candela m and Status Words 0 1 and 2 see Tables 5 6 and 7 The final part of the packet provides data on several sensor parameters that can be helpful troubleshooting errors These include the heater status sensor head temperature data sensor mode counts and ALS counts All the characters in the packet are printable ASCII to allow monitoring by a terminal Items that consist of one byte of information are encoded as two hexadecimal ASCII characters So for example 4 capitals are used represents a regular decimal value of 76 Such items are denoted as an ASCII byte Similarly 16 bit items are encoded as 4 hex digits called an ASCII word The cyclic redundancy code CRC16 covers all bytes after the three sync characters up to but not including the 4 bytes of CRC Following the packet but external to it are a carriage return and a line
34. T SENSOR CALIBRATION The optional Day Night sensor 16 calibrated before shipment and should not need to be recalibrated The sensor is ruggedly constructed and has proven to be very stable over long periods of service in the field If the sensor should need to be recalibrated return it along with the entire Visibility Controller Assembly to Weather Inc for servicing 65 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 9 ALIGNMENT The 8365 is tested and aligned at the factory prior to shipment Under normal circumstances alignment is not needed on receipt Alignment of the 8365 15 an electrical procedure no mechanical alignment is necessary Note that alignment is not the same as calibration Alignment essentially configures the system prior to calibration so that calibration will be possible and accurate A poorly aligned system will lose its accuracy and the calibration may be suspect even though the system 15 put through calibration successfully It 1s therefore important that a new calibration sequence be performed after every alignment Any calibration performed prior to an alignment is considered invalid The following items are required for alignment Oscilloscope Phillips head screwdriver Slotted screwdriver Potentiometer tuner screwdriver small slotted screwdriver Two pieces of foam rubber or similar material used to block the emitters Standard calibration paddle Handheld Terminal pL M
35. T button and hold it down for 3 4 seconds The backup battery does not power the sensor head heaters so performance will be somewhat degraded when running from battery power in cold temperatures When transporting the controller always disconnect the battery and remove it from the enclosure door before transporting 40 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor EXISTING 10 BATTERY LEADS HOOK SIDE OF VELCRO MOUNTED TO BOTTOM H 903 2 NG EXISTING AWOS OOOO ENCLOSURE BOTTOM VIEW ENCLOSURE LID SHOWN AS A SECTION FOR CLARITY 11903 WIRING DIAGRAM User s Manual LOOP SIDE OF VELCRO MOUNTED TO INSIDE OF ENCLOSURE COVER SO AS TO INSURE ALIGNMENT WITH VELCRO ON BATTERY ENCLOSURE SIDE VIEW SECTION INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPTIONAL BATTERY KIT Figure 27 Battery Backup Kit Installation 4 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 4 9 4 Handheld Terminal Installation The M403321 Handheld Terminal Kit is used to configure the visibility sensor as explained in the Chapter 8 Even though a VT52 terminal can be used or any computer running terminal emulation software such as Procomm the Handheld Terminal 1s recommended owing to its ease of use and portability To use the handheld terminal connect the flat connector at the end of the cable to J1 on the Visibility Controller Board 42 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology V
36. The sensor mounts to the Visibility Controller Assembly enclosure and is used primarily in AWOS installations where separate algorithms are used for calculating daytime and nighttime visibility The Day Night sensor senses ambient light and reports the existing day or night state Daytime is reported when the ambient light intensity is above 29 lux 2 7 foot candles Nighttime activation occurs when the ambient light intensity falls below 7 5 lux 0 7 foot candles The Day Night sensor senses ambient light using a photodiode detector which converts light energy into an electrical current This current is then converted into a negative voltage representing the light energy in foot candles For example 2 0 V DC represents 2 foot candles or 21 5 lux of ambient light This voltage is present at TP16 on the Visibility Controller Board A comparator circuit is used to provide a switched output from the sensor corresponding to the sensed daytime or nighttime condition Daytime is represented by an output of 0 V DC and nighttime by an output of 5 V DC A certain amount of hysteresis is designed into the comparator circuit to prevent false day night indications near the sensor s switch over point A 10 W heater 1s built into the sensor to prevent condensation or ice buildup on the photodetector lens 13 2 1 Specifications Parameter opecification sensing Element Photodiode Night Activation lt 7 5 1 6 lux Day Activation 229 2 lux 40 to
37. Visibility Controller Board and connect Emitter 1 to Emitter 2 s connector on the Visibility Controller Board 10 Disconnect the two detector cables from their connectors on the Visibility Controller Board 11 Connect Detector 0 to the Detector 1 connector on the Visibility Controller Board and connect Detector 1 to Detector 2 s connector on the Visibility Controller Board 12 Reconnect power to the sensor 78 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 13 Enter test Mode 0 and record the values obtained from the second measuring cycle The values should resemble those shown below Counts 900 625 901 27000 14 Record values on worksheet under Cables Swapped Paddle Out VISIBILITY SENSOR DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET Rotated Mode Identifier Paddle Out Paddle In 15 Insert the calibrator and take a second set of measurements Again use the values generated from the second measuring cycle The values should resemble those shown below Counts 900 20000 901 600 16 Record values worksheet under Cables Swapped Paddle In VISIBILITY SENSOR DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET Rotated Mode Identifier Paddle Out Paddle In Paddle Out Paddle In 25000 27000 17 Remove power from the sensor and return the sensor cables to their normal positions Reconnect power to the sensor 18 Loosen the bolt holding the sensor crossmember to the mast and rotate the
38. aintenance and built in test status The Visibility Controller Board can be configured for timed output or for operation in an interrogated mode The averaging interval is programmable for running averages calculated over a period of from 3 minutes to 10 minutes User programming is performed in a menu driven format via a portable Display Terminal DT or the AWOS DCP s built in keypad and display Calibration of the sensor is performed by inserting an optical scattering device into the sample volume see Chapter 4 This calibration is traceable to Air Force Geophysical Laboratory reference transmissometers AWOS installations require a Day Night sensor and a rain gauge These sensors assist the AWOS Central Data Processor CDP in implementing the FAA visibility algorithm AWOS installations that calculate runway visual range RVR require an Ambient Light Sensor in place of a Day Night sensor and a runway light setting interface 2 2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 2 2 1 Visibility Sensor Two infrared optical emitter assemblies and two optical detector assemblies operate under the control of the Visibility Controller Board Mode selection data collection algorithm processing heater control self test and communications tasks are handled by the Visibility Controller Board Figure 2 shows a diagram of the optical emitter assembly Power and control logic are provided by the Visibility Controller Board Power is conditioned in the emitter assem
39. al 4 3 2 Frangible Tower Installations For frangible tower installations install an appropriately sized mast so that the sensor optics will be 6 5 ft 6 2 m 0 15 m above ground 4 3 3 Mast Foundation Construct a foundation for the mast according to the details in Figure 4 using the drawing corresponding to the type of mast used frangible or non frangible When embedding the mast in the concrete make sure the mast 1s vertical to within 2 degrees Bevel all pad edges 4 4 CONDUIT AND JUNCTION BOXES For most installations conduit should be routed to the sensor to accommodate the power line to the sensor and the signal line from the sensor to the host computer or DCP For ease of connec tion junction boxes can be installed near the base of the mast and rigid or flex conduit are installed between the junction boxes and the Visibility Controller Assembly Refer to Figure 5 for the conduit and junction box installation details 1 WEATHER TIGHT JUNCTION BOXES APPLETON FDC 1 75 WITH WEATHER TIGHT COVER FSK 1B C OR EQUIVALENT 2 REQUIRED fX uA TA Sit PRI 2 WEATHER TIGHT FLEXIBLE 3 CONDUIT IUE lL VISIBILITY CONTROLLER ASSEMBLY REF SIGNAL POWER DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION BOX BOX 1 e GROUND LEVEL 255555555900 SSSSN KIKIKI N gt E ll PAN P 7 T a VISIBILITY PAD VI
40. and physical factors The essential meteorological quantity which is the transparency of the atmosphere can be measured objectively and 15 represented by the meteorological optical range MOR The meteorological optical range is the length of path in the atmosphere required to reduce the luminous flux in a collimated beam from an incandescent lamp at a color temperature of 2700 K to 5 of its original value the luminous flux being evaluated by means of the photometric luminosity function of the International Commission on Illumination Meteorological visibility by day 1s defined as the greatest distance at which a black object of suit able dimensions located near the ground can be seen and recognized when observed against a scattering background of fog sky etc It should be emphasized that the criterion for recognizing an object and not merely for seeing the object without recognizing what it 1s should be used Meteorological visibility at night is defined as a The greatest distance at which a black object of suitable dimensions could be seen and recognized if the general illumination were raised to the normal daylight level or b The greatest distance at which lights of moderate intensity can be seen and identified Airlight is light from the Sun and the sky which is scattered into the eyes of an observer by atmo spheric suspensoids and to a slight extent by air molecules lying in the observer s cone of vision T
41. annual maintenance The listed maintenance routines are performed according to that schedule Tools and Equipment Required e Calibration paddle e Lens cleaning solution Soft cloth 10 2 1 Monthly Maintenance Clean the visibility sensor windows using a soft cloth and lens cleaning solution 10 2 2 Triannual Maintenance Clean the visibility sensor windows using a soft cloth and lens cleaning solution Calibrate the visibility sensor as described in Chapter 8 74 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 10 2 3 Annual Maintenance Clean the visibility sensor windows using a soft cloth and lens cleaning solution Calibrate the visibility sensor as described in Chapter 8 If a Day Night sensor is installed check its operation as follows 1 During daytime set the DCP s LCD display to show Day Night status 2 Verify that the display shows the sensor is reading properly daytime 3 Cover the lens with a black bag Within 3 5 minutes the output should switch to the on night state 4 Uncover the lens and verify that the output switches back to the off day state 10 3 FUSES Three fuses are located on the Visibility Controller Board and two on the AC interface board see Figure 29 and Figure 30 Though installed fuse F2 on the AC interface board is not used and should never need to be replaced The remaining fuses should only be replaced by fuses of the same rating as shown in the list below
42. ata Forma ees a let cub 52 ec u PERI Pee u u au 54 unu uhun Lacu pla Cos zn Tisu kaspas 55 TD SUAS WW Oi 55 Decodiie Status WOES bete ated o intem o d duni 55 uuu 61 S L Visibility Sensor de oto Ed 61 unpuy u Duy w a uk 65 S Nish Sensor C aa ana eti bet 65 ALI NY sh Se ET oti dot cd 66 C Bec uu u nunus uuu aut EM ped sername DE 66 9 2 ANS nme 67 EPA COVER REMOVall uuu am TES 67 92 2 MOdel 8309520 uut 67 65 G PEM UE mn eto Ee A een o frutos 70 COVED Rephice men mco i doe ea E sedie plo a a 73 9 3 Sensor Calibration RTT action 73 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual TO MAINTENANCE ee 74 10 1 N
43. ated into an equivalent MOR value in miles or kilometers In AWOS systems the extinction coefficient value is sent to the Model 1190 Data Collection Platform DCP which passes the value along with sensor status information to the AWOS 3000 Central Data Processor CDP The CDP then calculates visibility variable visibility and RVR international systems only values When used in AWOS systems the 8365 sensor does not require the optional Handheld Terminal all setup test and calibration functions are accessible from the AWOS DCP s built in keypad and display Other AWOS features include support for a Day Night sensor and an Ambient Light Sensor ALS which is required for RVR applications For 220V AC applications a transformer kit is available to allow the sensor which operates at 110 V 60 Hz to operate from a 220 V 50 Hz AC supply The 8365 Visibility Sensor uses a unique two sensor design that eliminates measurement errors and simplifies calibration The sensing portion of the sensor optical emitters and detectors operates conjunction with a Visibility Controller Board which performs control functions for the emitters and detectors performs built in test and calibration functions processes data and calculates the extinction coefficient product For applications where an analog output is required an optional Analog Output module 15 available 1 1 8365 MODELS Two models of the 8365 Visibility Sensor are available Their
44. bleshooting sensor problems and is explained in detail in Chapter 11 To return to the main setup menu from the test menu press 0 5 1 4 Boot Pressing 4 at the Setup Menu Boot gives you the option of restarting the 8365 using either a software reboot or a system reboot O Exit 1 SW Reboot 2 System Reboot Pressing O will return you to the main setup menu without resetting the sensor Pressing 1 will initiate a software reboot which resets the sensor firmware but does not affect the sensor hardware Pressing 2 will reset the entire system Power will be reset and the sensor will restart If the sensor is running under battery power exclusively the BATTERY START switch must be depressed to restart battery power 5 1 5 System Configuration Sensors are configured at the factory for ideal performance in a particular application Depending on this configuration certain of the following screens and prompts may be omitted Press 5 at the Setup Menu to initiate system configuration The first menu will show Report Type 5 1 STD Select the report type by pressing the appropriate number key When AWOS output is selected the configuration is set automatically and the message End of Configuration Saving Data will be displayed You will then be returned to the setup menu If standard output is chosen the display will then prompt you for the output interval Output Int 0 10 min 121 2 5 3 10 Select an output in
45. bly housing for use by the emitter electronics The control logic programs a constant current source which drives a single infrared emitting diode The emitter diode is amplitude modulated at 1024 Hz with a 50 duty cycle This provides synchronization logic for the optical detectors Heater power 15 provided by the Visibility Controller Board Temperature information gathered by a solid state temperature sensor is sent from the emitter assembly housing to the Visibility Controller Board Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual Optics Heater Window Assembly 2 CONTROLLER Emitter Driver Emitter Module Optical PCB Assembly Emitter M491530 Figure 2 Optical Emitter Assembly Figure 3 shows a diagram of the optical detector assembly Power and control logic are provided by the Visibility Controller Board Power is conditioned in the detector assembly housing for use by the detector electronics Optical radiation from the sample volume enters through a 1 3 8 inch 35 mm aperture The field of view has a angle of 3 degrees Optical radiation is focused by a quartz lens through an optical bandpass filter then through a limiting aperture and onto a 0 0084 square inch 5 4 mm silicon photodetector The optical bandpass filter allows only a narrow wavelength range to pass through to the detector The wavelength range is centered at the emission wav
46. cables about 1 2 to 3 4 turn around the mast and secure the cables below this wrap with cable ties This will allow the crossarms to be rotated during future calibrations without having to cut and replace the cable ties 25 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 4 7 VISIBILITY CONTROLLER ASSEMBLY INSTALLATION The Visibility Controller Assembly mounts on the mast below the sensor using the mounting hardware included with the enclosure 1 In installations where a non frangible tower is used mount the Visibility Controller Assembly on the mast with the top of the enclosure 5 6 167 cm from ground level or at least 3 ft 1 m above maximum snow level In installations where a frangible tower is used mount the Visibility Controller Assembly on the mast with the top of the enclosure 3 6 107 cm from ground level Attach the Visibility Controller Assembly enclosure to the mast using mounting hardware as shown in Figure 16 Cables are identified with labels at their ends Route the cables through the four strain reliefs on the bottom of the controller enclosure as shown in Figure 17 by folding the connector back over the cable and bending the cable 90 see Figure 18 This will enable the connector and cable to fit through the strain relief nut and grommet and through the strain relief itself into the enclosure Connect the sensor cables to the corresponding connectors on the Visibility Controller Board as sho
47. completed with the Power Supply test Pwr returning pass or fail status for each of the three monitored power supply levels SV 15 and 15V If any of the tests returns a FAIL message the test has uncovered a problem that must be corrected before the sensor is put back into service Pressing 3 Mode 0 places the instrument into Mode 0 with Emitter 0 on and Emitter 1 off Detector 1 is set to the Lo gain mode for direct transmission while Detector 0 1s set into the Hi gain mode for scattered transmission Mode 0 is used for initial alignment of the emitter detector pair Two values will be displayed The 900 value represents the indirect counts received at Detector The 401 value on the second line of the display represents the direct counts received at Detector 1 Counts 900 927 901 25136 This test is used troubleshooting sensor problems and is explained detail in Chapter 11 45 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual Pressing 4 Mode 1 places the instrument into Mode 1 with Emitter 1 and Emitter 0 off Detector 1 is set to the Lo gain mode for direct transmission while Detector 0 15 set into the Hi gain mode Two values will be displayed The d11 value represents the indirect counts received at Detector 1 The d10 value on the second line of the display represents the direct counts received at Detector 0 Counts d112725 d10225727 Cont This test is used in trou
48. d South in the Southern Hemisphere by rotating the Visibility Controller Assembly enclosure as necessary so that the sensor s photoelectric eye faces North or South as required with an unobstructed field of view Note that the Day Night sensor is not a field replaceable unit The sensor is calibrated in conjunction with the Visibility Controller Board and so a calibration must be done if either the Visibility Controller Board or the Day Night sensor is replaced This calibration can only currently be done by All Weather Inc 38 5 10sues 1uBiN eg 92 92 4 00 9c User s Manual YO4 SNOILONYLSNI NOLLVTIVISNI WOLLOS8 SYNSO TONS 438 vO ZZ 0vW 206 A18W3SSV EM SOMV SNILSIX3 OL SOOo l 2 Oaa 30 DNd S A 7 805535 IHSIN AVO 7 803 TV a 00 9Z 0vW ASSY MOSN3S 1H9IN AVQ 8 50 30 LMVd 1 i ENT i Y MOSN3S LNNOW u M M M i l i 00 9Z2 0vW ASSY MOSN3S LH9IN AVQ 30 1 303 C3AON3S LAN SNI1V3S N 7 c n 077 380501283 00 92 lt 0 NNOILdO LL8vOPW N d MN3TIOMINOO 01313 NI LN3WLSNPGY NI QMVMMO4 9NIOV4 1015 TWISN NL7 338 A18W3SSV ALFIIBISIA SOMV 031412145 3SIMM3HlO SSFINN SILON 133HS YO
49. d above direct values will be low and scatter values will be high Swapping the sensor cables causes the sensor to operate as a mirror image of normal and allows you to determine whether fault is located the Visibility Controller Board or one of the heads The direct emitter detector signal is the surest indicator of a fault since a weak or erratic signal may not be as apparent in the scatter values If after swapping the sensor cables suspicious values appear the same place the sensor gives the same reading for the swapped emitter detector pair as for the original pair the problem is likely in the controller If the suspicious values appear on the same emitter detector pair in their new location the problem 15 likely in one of those heads To further isolate a sensor head fault swap the two emitter cables only connect the Emitter 0 cable to the Emitter 1 connector and Emitter 1 to the Emitter 0 connector If the suspicious value now appears on the same detector the detector is at fault If the suspicious value appears on the other detector the emitter is at fault 84 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 11 5 ALS TROUBLESHOOTING If an ALS is installed its operation can be checked by verifying that the ambient light reading drops to near candela in darkness then returns to normal values in daylight I During daytime observe the ALS reading on the Handheld Terminal VT52 or co
50. d by the 8365 A single interface cable between the ALS and the 8365 provides AC heater power DC power signal lines and control lines This cable plugs into connector J7 on the Visibility Controller Board M404811 13 1 1 Calibration Calibration of the Ambient Light Sensor is performed at the factory prior to shipment This calibration is referred to as an absolute calibration To maintain a level of accuracy comparable to this initial absolute calibration compensate for operation between cleaning of the optical surfaces a relative calibration 15 performed automatically and continuously by the sensor itself The Ambient Light Sensor has proven to be very stable over long periods of service in the field Because the absolute calibration process requires specialized equipment and procedures it is recommended that the sensor be returned to All Weather Inc if recalibration is required 13 1 2 Specifications Parameter opecification 40 to 140 F Operating Temperature Range 40 to 60 C 67 to 150 F Storage Temperature Range 55 to 65 C Measuring Range 0 40 000 cd m Accuracy 10 of reading or 0 5 cd whichever is greater Field of View Mounted Angle Above Horizon 0 005 inHg 0 17 hPa 91 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 13 2 DAY NIGHT SENSOR KIT A Day Night Sensor Kit M403326 is available for the 8365 for adjusting visibility readings for daytime and nighttime conditions
51. e Figure 5 shows the assembly viewed from the POLE end of the crossarms 11 Position the paddle angle mount with the vertical plate toward the equator end of the sensor see Figure 11 12 Install two 5 16 x 5 long bolts with flat and lock washers through the paddle angle mount spacers crossarms and plates as shown in Figure 11 Figure 11 Crossarm bolt and spacer installation part 2 viewed from the POLE end of the crossarms 22 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 13 Tighten the five bolts evenly in a crisscross sequence 14 The final assembly should look like Figure 12 EQUATOR 4 7 Figure 12 Final Assembly View 15 Loosen the two bolts securing the crossarm assembly to the mast and rotate the crossarm assembly to approximately align the EQUATOR end of the crossarm to the equator Retighten the two bolts 16 Each of the four sensor uprights is fitted with a plastic sleeve that fits inside the upright Ensure that the slots in the sleeves align with the V notches on the uprights see Figure 13 Figure 13 Aligning the inner sleeve slot with the sensor head notch 23 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 17 The emitter and detector sensor heads and uprights are labeled as EMITTER 0 EMITTER 1 DETECTOR 0 and DETECTOR 1 When installed the labels on the sensor heads and the uprights must match 18 Route the cab
52. e feeding the ground wire through the hole in the cover The alignment procedures are specific to the 8365 A and 8365 C models 9 2 2 Model 8365 A 9 2 2 1 Bandpass Filter Adjustment 1 Place the sensor in Mode 1 2 Attach the calibration paddle see Figure 33 3 Place the scope probe at TP1 on the Detector 1 Demodulator PCB Figure 35 4 Adjust potentiometer R25 on the Detector 1 Demodulator PCB see Figure 35 for a rectified sine wave Figure 36 shows the appropriate pattern lt A gt O 2 Luc 7 2 C29 L w m CT VEMODULA 1 Figure 35 Model 8365 A Detector Demodulator PCB 5 Place the sensor in Mode 0 6 Place the scope probe at TP1 on the Detector 0 Demodulator PCB see Figure 35 7 Adjust potentiometer R25 on the Detector 0 Demodulator PCB see Figure 35 for a rectified sine wave as done above for Detector 1 8 Remove the calibration paddle 67 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual Figure 36 Rectified Sine Wave at TP1 of Demodulator 1 After Adjusting R25 9 2 2 2 Emitter Output Adjustment 1 Place the sensor in Mode 0 2 Place the scope probe at TP7 on the Detector 1 Demodulator PCB see Figure 35 3 Adjust potentiometer R2 on the Emitter 0 PCB see Figure 37 to obtain a 3 0 V p p 0 1 V sine wave Figure 37 Model 8365 A Emitter PCB 4 Place the sensor in Mode 1 5 Place the scope probe at TP7 on the Detector 0 Demodulato
53. e silicon photodetector measures optical energy scattered from the sample volume An optical interference filter allows the photodetector to see only a narrow band of energy centered at the 865 nanometer wavelength of the optical emitter array Signal conditioning after the photodetector detects only signals which are in phase with and at the same modulation frequency as the optical source This synchronous lock in detection technique provides an output signal proportional to the scattered optical energy which 15 unaffected by background light or noise created by optical sources in the field of view of the photodetector Emitter 1 Detector 1 Nt Emitter 0 Detector 0 Figure 1 The 8365 Visibility Sensor measures both direct and scattered optical energy eliminating the need for absolute calibration The precise amount of optical energy entering the sample volume must be known if the measured optical extinction coefficient 1s to be representative of actual visibility Effects of temperature changes must be compensated for as must the degradation of optical transmission caused by contaminants on the emitter windows The impact of these contaminants on optical transmission can be significant This 15 true both for long term contaminants such as blowing dust dirt or precipitation and for transient effects such as condensation during fog events A similar source for error occurs at the optical detector Previous forward scatter visibility
54. e the sensor in Mode 0 1 2 Place the scope probe at on the Detector 1 Demodulator PCB see Figure 39 2 4 Adjust potentiometer R31 the Detector 1 Demodulator PCB see Figure 39 for a Completely block the signal into Detector 1 using dense foam rubber or the like 6 0 0 2 ms period Unblock Detector 1 remove the foam rubber 6 Adjust potentiometer R27 on the Detector 1 Demodulator see Figure 39 for a 7 8 9 66 1 us period Period Figure 42 Period of Signal Place the sensor in Mode 1 Place the scope probe at TP1 on the Detector 0 Demodulator PCB see Figure 39 Completely block the signal into Detector 0 using dense foam rubber or the like 10 Adjust potentiometer R31 on the Detector 0 Demodulator PCB see Figure 39 for a 6 0 0 2 ms period 11 Unblock Emitter 1 12 Adjust potentiometer R27 on the Detector 0 Demodulator PCB see Figure 39 for a 66 1 us period 72 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 9 2 4 Cover Replacement Replace the inner and outer sensor head covers on each sensor head as follows 1 Feed the ground wire through the bottom large hole in the inner cover and slide the cover into place Note that the cover does not slide all the way back to the orange O ring There will be a gap between the back of the cover and the O ring 2 Insert one Phillips head screw into the inner cover s lower screw hole and tighten I
55. elength of the optical emitter The filter aperture and silicon photodetector are parts of an integrated filter aperture detector preamplifier package This hermetically sealed package features very high sensitivity low noise and excellent linearity over a wide dynamic range The photodetector preamplifier output goes to an active electronic bandpass filter having a center frequency tuned to the modulation frequency of the optical emitters A high gain amplifier locked to the photodetector preamplifier 1s used to amplify the scattered signal Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual Demodulator Optics Bandpass Heater Window PCB Assembly Filter CONTROLLER DETECTOR Photodetector Shield Preamplifier Aperture Figure 3 Optical Detector Assembly The demodulator circuit is referenced to the emitter modulation frequency and acts as a full wave rectifier for signals that are in phase with and at the same frequency as the modulation reference The demodulated signal is then filtered The filtered output is a DC voltage propor tional to the component of the incoming optical energy and this is converted into a digital format by the voltage to frequency converter The resultant frequency is output by the detector assembly for processing by the Visibility Controller Board The frequency format prevents noise in the interconnecting cable between the detector assembly and Visibility Controller
56. est Mode 1 and record the values obtained from the second measuring cycle on the worksheet The values should resemble those shown below Counts d112650 d10225000 Cont 14 Record the values on the worksheet under Cables Swapped Paddle Out VISIBILITY SENSOR DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET Detector Cables Swapped Cables Swapped Swapped Mode Rotated Identifier Paddle Out Paddle In Paddle Out Paddle In 18000 65 20000 15 Insert the calibrator and take a second set of measurements Again wait for the second measuring cycle to record the values The values should resemble those shown below Counts d11 18000 d10 675 Cont 82 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 16 Record the values on the worksheet under Cables Swapped Paddle In VISIBILITY SENSOR DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET Detector Normal Cables Swapped Swapped Swapped Mode Rotated Identifier 29000 17 Remove power from the sensor and return the sensor cables to their normal positions Reconnect power to the sensor 18 Loosen the bolt holding the sensor crossmember to the mast and rotate the sensor head assembly 180 19 Enter test Mode 1 and record the values obtained from the second measuring cycle on the worksheet The values should resemble those shown below Counts d112625 d10227000 Cont 20 Record the values on the worksheet under Rotated VISIB
57. feed to allow the use of printers or terminals in monitoring the data Table 3 Standard Output Data Format Standard Output Data Format 3 SYN characters Three sync characters 161616 h Packet header 4 ASCII characters Sensor Description 0365 O 0 Kec oO bak 92 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual Table 3 Standard Output Data Format Standard Output Data Format Visibility 7 characters Visibility miles or km or 1 16 extinction Extinction coefficient miles coefficient prefixed 1 with E PEINE roes Blank _ G SO park Heater Status up to 5 characters On or Off Status H or H OFF LS T i ES Detector 0 Temp 6 characters Temp 034 14 FEN With P cO Detector 1 Temp 6 characters Temp 031 61 w with CC L P n sse __ 53 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual Table 3 Standard Output Data Format Standard Output Data Format CRC CRC Termination 1298 lt lt gt o signifies that the number shown is a hexadecimal number 7 1 2 AWOS Output Data Format See Table 4 AWOS output is the data format used in AWOS systems between the 8365 and the AWOS Model 119
58. h requirements of FAA Advisory Circular 150 5220 16B Any defect in design materials or workmanship which may occur during proper and normal use during a period of 1 year from date of installation or a maximum of 2 years from shipment will be corrected by repair or replacement by All Weather Inc 96 allweatherinc All Weather Inc 1165 National Drive Sacramento CA 95818 Fax 916 928 1165 Phone 916 928 1000 Toll Free 800 824 5873 8365 001 Revision D September 2015
59. harge of the optional backup battery The green BATT CHARGED LED indicates when lighted that the battery 1s charged to operating levels The red FLOAT CHARGE LED indicates when lighted that the battery 1s in the final stages of its charging cycle When the battery is being charged after being largely depleted both the FLOAT CHARGE and BATT CHARGED lights will be off until the charging cycle is nearly complete 6 3 JUMPERS Two jumpers on the Visibility Controller Board are used to set the sensor to operate with a Day Night or ALS sensor When a Day Night sensor is installed JP2 should be installed and JP3 removed see Figure 30 for jumper locations When an ALS sensor is installed JP3 should be installed and JP2 removed When neither sensor 15 installed both jumpers should be removed 50 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 6 4 FUSES Three fuses are located on the Visibility Controller Board and two on the AC interface board see Figure 29 and Figure 30 Though installed fuse F2 on the AC interface board 15 not used and should never need to be replaced The remaining fuses should only be replaced by fuses of the same rating as shown in the list below AC Interface Board Fl 10 250V 5x20 mm slow blow Controller Board Fl 2A 250V 5x20 mm F2 0 5 250V 5x20 mm F3 250V 5x20 mm 6 5 HANDHELD TERMINAL The Handheld Terminal is used primarily for setup calibration and testing of
60. hat is airlight reaches the eye in the same manner as diffuse sky radiation reaches the Earth s surface Airlight 1s the fundamental factor limiting the daytime horizontal visibility for black objects because its contributions integrated along the cone of vision from eye to object raise the apparent luminance of a sufficiently remote black object to a level which is indisting uishable from that of the background sky Contrary to subjective estimate most of the airlight entering an observer s eye originates portions of his cone of vision lying rather close to him The following four photometric qualities are defined detail in various standards such as the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 1987 a Luminous flux symbol F or F unit lumen is a quantity derived from radiant flux by evaluating the radiation according to its action upon the ICI standard photometric Observer b Luminous intensity symbol 1 unit candela or Im sr 1s luminous flux per unit solid angle Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual c Luminance symbol L unit cd m is luminous intensity per unit area d symbol unit lux or Im m is luminous flux per unit area The extinction coefficient symbol o is the proportion of luminous flux lost by a collimated beam emitted by an incandescent source at a color temperature of 2700 K while traveling the length of a unit distance in the
61. he primary wires to which you just attached spade lugs and connect to terminals 1 2 and 3 of TB2 as shown in Figure 22 smooth BLACK line to pin 1 ridged BLACK neutral to pin 2 GREEN ground to pin 3 Cut the wires from the transformer s secondary side to approximately 6 and strip the ends Connect to pins 1 2 and 3 of TBI as shown in Figure 22 smooth BLACK to pin 1 ridged BLACK to pin 2 GREEN ground to pin 3 Install the 220 VOLTS sticker over the AC power selector switch The position of this switch does not matter 31 OW A 022 722 User s Manual YSNYOSSNVYEL OCC IVNOILdO SNOILONYLSNI NOLLV I IVLISNI ONTSIM A wie OS T NI 4 5 NMOQ 4315 401 011 022 00 aa 00 gc 4007 YLL88YN 30 LMVd NI N XE V V deny a N HLOOWS ov LLIS8vW 30 LMVd YIWYOASNYYL LLLZSPIN M3MOd OV vLL88 W JO 1 V89d M3TIOMLNOO 110A 022 135 38v 61606N aT 140501283 W 11130 335 77 06 davios LT 7 53271 7 7188 JO Luvd 7 M gt 1 804 7 Q 7 UC KA I 434 vaod 7 gt I SNIISIX3 lt NM3TIOMINOO i 4001 321435 i 1 13 019
62. he upper right and lower left holes in the mounting plate see Figure 8 4 Place the Middle Plate on the crossarm as shown in d ids 8 WEE ES Sed cpa E e t gt d rte lt Figure 8 Middle Plate Installation 5 Place crossarm 2 crossarm with the EQUATOR label onto the middle plate with the EQUATOR label oriented the opposite direction from the POLE label on crossarm l 6 Orient the crossarm diagonally on the plate so that the mounting holes in the crossarm align with the upper left and lower right holes the mounting plate see Figure 9 7 Install one 5 16 x 5 long bolt with flat and lock washer through the center hole of both crossarms and both plates as shown in Figure 9 Tighten the bolt finger tight Figure 9 Crossarm 2 Installation 9 Rotate the crossarms and plates as necessary to line up all the remaining mounting holes 2 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 9 Install one 5 16 x 5 long bolt one 2 spacer and one 5 16 x 2 34 long bolt with flat and lock washers in the positions shown in Figure 10 Tighten the bolts finger tight Note Figure 10 shows the assembly viewed from the end of the crossarms 5 16 x 5 Bolt Figure 10 Crossarm bolt and spacer installation part 1 viewed from the EQUATOR end of the crossarms 10 Set two spacers in place on the mounting plates as shown in Figure 11 Not
63. heaters so performance will be somewhat degraded when running from battery power in cold temperatures Note During operation the POWER ON LED should remain illuminated and the WATCHDOG LED should blink at the rate of once per second 13 3 220 V KIT The 8365 can operate at 220 V AC with the optional M488174 220 V Kit installed This option is installed at the factory and consists of a step down transformer to convert the incoming 220 V AC to 115 V AC for use by the Visibility Sensor The Visibility Sensor is then labeled at the factory to indicate an operating voltage of 220 V AC The transformer is installed inside the Visibility Con troller Assembly enclosure 13 4 HANDHELD TERMINAL KIT The M403321 Handheld Terminal Kit is used to configure and calibrate the visibility sensor as ex plained in the Setup and Calibration chapters Though a VT52 terminal or a computer running terminal emulation software can be used the Handheld Terminal is recommended owing to its ease of use and portability Note In AWOS systems the DCP is used to configure and calibrate the sen sor and no Handheld Terminal is required Instructions for using the Handheld Terminal are provided in the relevant sections of this manual Installation Setup Alignment Calibration and Troubleshooting 93 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 14 SPECIFICATIONS Parameter Specification 8365 33 ft to 20 miles 10 m
64. hould be perceived but also on the observer s contrast threshold At night it depends on the intensity of the light sources the background illuminance and if estimated by an observer on the adaptation of the observer s eyes to darkness and the observer s illuminance threshold The estimation of visibility at night is particularly problematic The first definition of visibility at night provided at the beginning of this chapter 15 given in terms of equivalent daytime visibility in order to ensure that no artificial changes occur in estimating the visibility at dawn and at twilight The second definition has practical applications especially for aeronautical requirements but it is not the same as the first and usually gives dif ferent results Both are evidently imprecise Instrumental methods measure the extinction coefficient from which the MOR may be calculated The visibility may then be calculated from knowledge of the contrast and illuminance thresholds or by assigning agreed values to them However fixed instruments are used on the assumption that the extinction coefficient is independent of distance Some instruments measure attenuation directly and others measure scattering of light to derive the extinction coefficient The brief analysis of the physics of visibility in this chapter may be useful for understanding the relations between the various measures of the extinction coefficient and for considering the instruments used to measure i
65. ics Laboratory reference transmissometers Equivalent extinction coefficient values are printed on each paddle labeled Cal ID Calibration mode is entered by input from the portable Handheld Terminal a computer running terminal emulation software such as Procomm or the AWOS DCP s keypad display 1 With AWOS systems press the maintenance switch then press the key on the DCP keypad repeatedly until the 8365 calibration screen appears 2 When using the Handheld Terminal press the ENT key to enter the main menu O EXIT 1 D T 2 CALIB 3 TEST 4 5 CFG 3 Press 2 to select calibration The following screen will appear O Exit 1 Vis Cal 2 ALS Cal 4 Press I to select Visibility Sensor calibration The following screen will appear Enter Cal ID 61 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 5 Enter the Cal ID shown on the calibration paddle s label see Figure 32 then press ENT Use the key to enter a decimal point Visibility Calibrator P N M104744 a ECN 4782 2 Se di DO eath alID 18 253 W er Figure 32 Calibration Paddle Cal ID 6 You will next be prompted to perform any required maintenance tasks such as cleaning the sensor windows or removing obstructions in the optical paths During this time the sensor will operate alternately in both modes to keep the optical emitters at thermal equilibrium When the requested tasks are complete press the key
66. ional poll commands are available The sensor address is the same as used by the VISIxx poll command Section 7 1 2 VISBxx lt cr gt lt lf gt Use VISBxx if you need a poll command with a different connection speed set externally Baud rates up to 4800 bps are supported VISDxxe lt cr gt lt lf gt Use VISDxx to output a debug data string 7 2 STATUS WORDS Three status words are output by the 8365 and can be used for troubleshooting sensor problems Status Word 0 Table 5 contains information vital for ensuring data integrity along with some basic configuration information Status Word 1 Table 6 contains status information for the emitter and detector heads and operational modes Status Word 2 Table 7 contains ALS and Day Night sensor status information along with power supply status 7 2 1 Decoding Status Words The status words are expressed as hexadecimal numbers derived from the binary values for each of the individual status bits in the word Hexadecimal numbers are used because a single hexadecimal character can represent four binary digits bits The hexadecimal system includes the numbers 0 9 and the characters A F with A F being used to represent the numbers 10 15 with a single character Each hexadecimal character in a status word represents the sum of four binary digits bits Binary and hexadecimal numbering proceeds from the right to the left so the rightmost character represents the binary sum of bits 0 3 the sec
67. irect energy After the first 15 second measuring cycle the measured values will be shown on the display The first set of measurements is always suspect so use the values displayed following the second 15 second measuring cycle for diagnostics The values should resemble those shown below Counts d002650 d01 25000 Cont 77 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 3 Record the values on the worksheet under Normal Paddle Out in the two Mode rows as shown below VISIBILITY SENSOR DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET Rotated Mode Identifier Paddle Out Paddle In Paddle Out Paddle In 4 Press the key The ALS counts will be shown Ignore this screen for now This value is used for advanced troubleshooting of the ALS sensor and requires specialized equipment Press the again at the ALS counts screen to return to the test menu 5 Insert the calibrator and take a second set of measurements Again use the values generated from the second measuring cycle The values should resemble those shown below Counts 900 18000 901 675 6 Record values on worksheet under Normal Paddle In VISIBILITY SENSOR DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET Mode Rotated Identifier Paddle Out Paddle In Paddle Out Paddle In 7 Disconnect power from the sensor Disconnect the two emitter cables from their connectors on the Visibility Controller Board 9 Connect Emitter 0 to the Emitter 1 connector on the
68. isibility Sensor User s Manual 5 SETUP When the visibility sensor 15 first installed specific setup parameters must be entered This is done using the optional M403321 Handheld Terminal Kit or a VT52 terminal or any computer running terminal emulation software such as Procomm connected to the Visibility Controller Board s HANDHELD TERMINAL port J1 In AWOS installations the 8365 is preconfigured and no configuration is required Table 2 shows the standard AWOS configuration settings Table 2 AWOS Configuration Settings If a 52 terminal or computer is used place of the Handheld Terminal wire the interconnecting cable as shown in Figure 28 Tie the terminal s RTS and CTS lines together and tie DTR to DSR this is necessary since handshaking is not implemented the controller s communication protocol The VT52 should be set to 1200 bps 8 data bits 1 stop bit and no parity CONTROLLER TERMINAL DB9 Figure 28 VT52 Connections The Handheld Terminal connects to connector J1 on the Visibility Controller Board 1 Open the controller enclosure door and plug the Handheld Terminal cable into J1 on the Visibility Controller Board 2 The terminal will power up automatically After the terminal begins receiving data from the controller the display will change to the normal visibility output format 43 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 5 1 SETUP ME
69. law in the case of objects or markings that 15 during daytime and Allard s law in the case of lights that is at night taking into account the prevailing atmospheric conditions As explained earlier an observer in this case a pilot in the cockpit can see and identify objects such as markers small trees etc 1f the contrast ratio with the sky or fog background is 0 05 The maximum visual range of such objects can be calculated for this contrast ratio if atmospheric transmittance 7 or extinction coefficient o are known The 8365 determines the extinction coefficient and uses this value to determine the maximum visual range This calculated range 15 usually referred to as the MOR as explained earlier However when the MOR by day exceeds the RVR based on lights it is usually quoted as the RVR RVR based on lights takes into account three factors 1 The intensity of the runway edge and runway center line lights 7 2 The optical clarity of the atmosphere expressed in terms of atmospheric transmittance 7 or extinction coefficient o 3 The visual threshold of illumination of the eye that is required for a point source or small light to be visible This is related to the measured luminance of the background against which the light is viewed These three factors are evaluated using the 8365 which calculates the extinction coefficient optical clarity of the atmosphere the M488171 Ambient Light Sensor which measures
70. le from each head through the top of the matching upright then out the oblong hole in the side of the upright as shown in Figure 14 02 gt CABLE OPENING Figure 14 Routing the sensor head cable through the upright opening 19 Slide the sensor head down into the top of the upright so that the key on the head fits into the V notch on the upright 20 If not seated properly the sensor head has a tendency to tilt backward To properly seat the head in the upright apply downward pressure on the sensor head as you tighten the head clamp as shown in Figure 15 3 2 regis TUA lt ye gt eS AR n Nee ay 2 Figure 15 Securing sensor head 24 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 2l 22 23 Feed the sensor cables along the underside of the crossarm to the Visibility Controller Assembly enclosure The free end of the cable will be connected to the Visibility Controller Board after the controller is installed For each of the four heads pull enough slack in the cable to put your finger between the cable and the upright just below the hole Secure the cable with a cable tie about two inches below the bottom of the hole so that the slack remains and the cable does not rest against the bottom edge of the hole Continue down the uprights and along the undersides of the crossarms securing the cables with cable ties Just below the crossarms wrap the
71. le through the strain relief and into the enclosure 35 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual Note that POLE refers to pointing to the closest geographic pole North or South depending on the installation location relative to the equator x 1 BEL T Grie ia 25 LOIC zi esu p ka rd AULA _ QC LPRIGAT aM 4 EMITTERS DETECTORS ALS CONNECTIONS FOLD CABLE NER CONNECTOR BEND AY ENCLOSURE BOTTOM VIEW Figure 24 ALS Sensor Installation 36 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 13 Plug the connector into the ALS connector J10 on the Visibility Controller Board see Figure 25 m EMITTER 1 Figure 25 Visibility Controller Board ALS Connection 14 Replace the EMITTER 0 mounting clamp on the upright 15 Reinstall the EMITTER 0 sensor head 16 Reconnect the EMITTER 0 sensor cable to J7 on the Visibility Controller Board 17 If the ALS is added to an already installed 8365 it will be delivered calibrated from the factory An EEPROM containing calibration data for the ALS is included in the package Install this EEPROM in socket U12 on the Visibility Controller Board U12 is located in a socket to the left of the header J1 connector near the middle right side of the Visibility Controller Board If
72. ler Board 29 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 4 7 1 Power Connection WARNING NEVER INSTALL OR REMOVE A CABLE WITH POWER APPLIED THIS SENSOR IS A DEVICE CONNECT TO 220V ONLY IF 220V AC KIT M488174 IS INSTALLED The 8365 is a 115 V AC device An optional 220 V AC kit M488174 is available for installations where the supply power is 220 V Do not connect 220 V without a 220 V kit installed To connect power to the 8365 controller follow the steps below 1 Route power for the sensor through conduit or through a 3 8 strain relief installed in one of the two left side cutouts when viewed from below with the door up as in Figure 17 on the underside of the Visibility Controller Board 2 Terminate the AC power cable to TB1 on the Visibility Controller Board as shown in Figure 20 404802 Controller Board Figure 20 Visibility Controller Board Power Connections 4 7 2 Ground Cable Installation In order for the sensor s built in lightning protection to function properly the Visibility Controller Board must be grounded as shown in Figure 21 To install grounding follow the steps below 1 Drill and tap a 3 8 16 hole in the mast Install a grounding clamp in the hole 2 Inside the enclosure use a short length of ground cable 4 AWG multi strand insulated wire available from All Weather Inc as P N T605000 to connect the ground lug on the bottom center of
73. m date of installation or a maximum of two years from date of shipment subject to the following conditions a The obligation of the Company under this warranty 15 limited to repairing or replacing items or parts which have been returned to the Company and which upon examination are disclosed to the Company s satisfaction to have been defective in material or workmanship at time of manufacture b The claimant shall pay the cost of shipping any part or instrument to the Company If the Company determines the part to be defective in material or workmanship the Company shall prepay the cost of shipping the repaired instrument to the claimant Under no circumstances will the Company reimburse claimant for cost incurred in removing and or reinstalling replacement parts c This warranty shall not apply to any Company products which have been subjected to misuse negligence or accident d This warranty and the Company s obligation thereunder is in lieu of all other warranties express or implied including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose consequential damages and all other obligations or liabilities No other person or organization is authorized to give any other warranty or to assume any additional obligation on the Company s behalf unless made in writing and signed by an authorized officer of the Company 15 1 AWOS WARRANTY This equipment has been manufactured and will perform in accordance wit
74. mputer running terminal emulation software connected as described in the Chapter 5 The ALS reading will follow the visibility data on the main display after one output interval has elapsed Note When the sensor is first powered up a short time 1s required about 10 minutes for the sensor to acquire sufficient data for an average Note the ALS reading 3 Cover the ALS head with a black bag as completely as possible Observe the ALS reading to see that 1t drops to near candela Uncover the head and verify that the ALS output returns to near its original value 5 Ifthe ALS value does not drop to near 0 candela when covered or does not return to near its original value when uncovered contact All Weather Inc Customer Service 11 6 DAY NIGHT SENSOR TROUBLESHOOTING If a Day Night sensor is installed check its operation as follows l 2 3 During daytime set the DCP s LCD display to show Day Night status Verify that the display shows the sensor is reading properly daytime Cover the lens with a black bag Within 3 5 minutes the output should switch to the on night state Uncover the lens and verify that the output switches back to the off day state 5 If sensor does not behave as expected contact All Weather Inc Customer Service If the sensor is to be returned for service the Visibility Controller Assembly enclosure and board must be returned as well 85
75. n configuration and operating status for 8365 functioning normally Table 8 apie To decode the status word the first step is to convert the four hexadecimal characters to their o 8 Pp D 2 D D binary equivalents Table 8 shows the binary equivalents for all the possible hexadecimal characters Locate the binary equivalent for each hexadecimal character the table and write them down For the example 0048 this would give 0 0 4 8 ten 0000 0000 0100 1000 There should be 16 bits total with each bit having a value of either or 1 Start with the rightmost bit assign the next number to each bit beginning with Bit 0 as shown below In most cases each individual bit represents a certain condition based on its value of 0 or 1 The first six bits in Status Word are the only exception to this These bits are used in combination to convey configuration information averaging interval and output interval and so must be looked at as a group rather than as individual bits To simplify this Table 5 shows the bit patterns for these two groups of three bits corresponding to a specific averaging or output interval Bit Bit Bit Bi 15 13 12 11 10 1 0000 0000 0100 1000 The bits then be compared against Table 5 to determine their meanings Using the same example the pattern of the first three bits in the status word again reading right to left i
76. nclosure through strain reliefs on the enclosure s underside Ground the sensor as shown in the EMITTERS DETECTORS 221 Se St e 7 4 VISIBILITY CONTROLLER STRAIN RELIEF 7 i ASSEMBLY REF DETECTOR 0 SPLIT GROMMET 4 DETECTOR 1 4 M GND STUD EMITTER 1 J3 J4 J5 J6 I E I THHN 4 COPPER CABLE 7605000 FOLD CABLE OVER CONNECTOR 90 N BARE COPPER WIRE REF pear 5 SCALE 1 2 7 am ee 1 BOTTOM VIEW Figure 17 Assembling Emitter and Detector Heads 28 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual Carefully fold the head connectors back over the wires and feed them through the strain reliefs STRAIN RELIEF SPLIT GROMMET SPLIT WASHER 2 FOLD CABLE OVER CONNECTOR AND BEND 90 Figure 18 Feed Cables Through Cable Glands in Enclosure Connect the sensor head cables to the connectors on the Visibility Controller Board as shown gt s AT TEC 53 Nis Emitter 1 Mie Figure 19 Cable Connection on the Visibility Control
77. nd L is the luminance of the object The luminance of the horizon arises from the light scattered from the atmosphere along the observer s line of sight It should be noted that 1f the object 1s darker than the horizon then C 1s negative and that if the object is black 0 then C 1 In 1924 Koschmieder established a relationship which later became known as Koschmieder s law between the apparent contrast of an object seen against the horizon sky by a distant Observer and its inherent contrast 1 e the contrast that the object would have against the horizon when seen from very short range Koschmieder s relationship can be written as 9 This relationship is valid provided scatter coefficient 1s independent of azimuth angle there is uniform illumination along the whole path between the observer the object and the horizon If a black object is viewed against the horizon C 1 and the apparent contrast is 0 05 then Equation 9 reduces to 0 05 10 Comparing this result with Equation 5 shows that when magnitude of apparent contrast of a black object seen against the horizon 15 0 05 then that object is at MOR P 13 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 3 5 2 Meteorological Visibility at Night The distance at which a light a night visibility marker can be seen at night 15 not simply related to MOR It depends not only on M
78. nology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 4 7 4 Signal Connections The RS 485 and RS 232 outputs are available on terminal block TB2 on the Visibility Controller Board The connections are shown in Table 1 Table 1 TB2 Serial Output Pin Designations RS 485 RS 485 An explanation of the output data stream both standard AWOS formats 1s provided in Table 3 and Table 4 For AWOS systems route the data cable to the DCP Refer to the 1190 DCP User s Manual 1190 001 for instructions on connecting the data cable to the DCP 4 8 POWERING UP THE SENSOR Once the sensor and controller are installed and power and signal lines have been connected turn on the power switch inside the Visibility Controller Assembly The sensor will begin collecting and processing data 34 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 4 9 OPTIONAL KITS The following sections provide installation instructions for the optional feature kits available with the 8365 For detailed descriptions of the kits and their uses refer to Chapter 13 4 9 1 Ambient Light Sensor Kit Installation See Figure 24 The Ambient Light Sensor ALS mounts to a mounting block attached about halfway up the EMITTER 0 upright l 2 3 4 Disconnect the EMITTER 0 cable from J7 on the Visibility Controller Board Remove the EMITTER 0 sensor head including the cable from the sensor upright Remove
79. nsert the second Phillips head screw through the ground wire lug and into the top screw hole then tighten 4 Replace the outer covers on all four sensor heads and secure with one screw in each 9 3 SENSOR CALIBRATION The sensor must be put through a calibration procedure after every alignment It is important that the sensor be calibrated only after it has been mounted in its permanent location Refer to Chapter 8 for calibration instructions 73 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 10 MAINTENANCE 10 1 NON AWOS PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE The visibility sensor is designed for installation calibration and maintenance by one person For sensors in non AWOS installations All Weather Inc recommends routine sensor maintenance every 120 days including cleaning and calibration checks Note Windows may need to be cleaned more frequently depending on environmental conditions 1 Use a soft cloth and a solution of mild detergent in water or a commercial grade window cleaner to clean the emitter and detector windows 2 Asa final rinse clean the windows with a soft cloth and water only to eliminate any soap streaks 3 Remove any spider webs or other debris which may block the optical paths 4 Calibrate the visibility sensor as described in Chapter 8 10 2 AWOS PERIODIC MAINTENANCE Periodic maintenance of AWOS sensors is divided into three categories monthly maintenance triannual maintenance and
80. o RANT ob ROME Ca pedi db o be ROME a bodie iate 02 15 2 SPECIMCAUMOMS 92 19 222 Battery Backup uw laxa E IM PED PM LIE 92 ERE 93 Lo tllandheld Termina Kitu uruy hu ___ _ _ 93 JS SEEGIFIGA HON DS uuu acc Ea CANA 94 TS VAY AEA ERIN 96 AWQOS 96 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 1 INTRODUCTION The 8365 Dual Technology Visibility Sensor measures the transparency of the atmosphere and calculates its extension coefficient and meteorological optical range MOR values The direct attenuation technologies used by the 8365 provide measurements once available only from a transmissometer and are now coupled with the reliability and cost effectiveness of a forward scatter visibility sensor This precision makes the 8365 ideal for applications such as aviation and meteorological studies requiring high performance and reliability The 8365 Visibility Sensor determines visibility by measuring the optical extinction coefficient of a beam of light as it passes through a known volume of air Any particles in the air such as fog rain or snow will affect the extinction coefficient This value can then be transmitted to an external computer in its unaltered form or transl
81. o support allweatherinc com Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual Revision History Revision Date Summary of Changes 2013 Ju11 Initial release Added 220 V AC lightning protection to Section 4 7 3 clarified standard output data 2014 Jul 15 format in Section 7 1 1 added Step to Visibility Sensor calibration instructions in Section 8 1 updated temperature specifications 2015 Feb 12 Updated Visibility Controller enclosure to new enclosure being used NE 2015 Sept 22 Updated Introduction to remove statement that particles sizes were measured Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS TON rr 1 15120202 T 1 Dx Ne anh S batas 2 2 THEORY OF OPERATION uu u oup 3 PM IE UPS 3 2 2 PUNCH ONAL Descrip kunpan 4 J S OR ecc 4 2 2 2 ISIB Ontroller ASSCIDDIV s Pastel adobe 6 22 C 7 2 2 4 7 2 219 Measurement
82. ode special algorithms are used to determine visibility based on the outputs of the three operational heads The three headed mode 15 intended as an interim measure to provide visibility data until the system can be repaired The accuracy of a fully functioning system is impossible to maintain when all four heads are not providing data and the data generated 1n three headed mode should be considered an approximation and the sensor should be repaired as soon as possible In some cases the problem is transitory and the system will return to full operation on its own Monitoring the system s two status words will provide valuable troubleshooting information including the identity of the head that has failed Section 7 2 1 and Table 5 Table 6 and Table 7 explain the meanings of the status words Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 3 VISIBILITY AND RVR The 8365 Visibility Sensor can be used to determine Runway Visual Range RVR in aviation applications with the addition of an Ambient Light Sensor M and a Runway Lights Setting Interface This chapter explains the principle and measurement of visibility and RVR in detail along with the specific methods used with the 8365 3 1 DEFINITIONS Visibility was first defined for meteorological purposes as a quantity to be estimated by a human observer and observations made in that way are widely used However the estimation of visibility is affected by many subjective
83. og bgl leo Choose the larger value 1 maximum R This is RVR 3 1 RVR Reporting Range RVR values are displayed by an AWOS system The minimum value reported is 50 m and the maximum is 2000 m The display shows M0050 when the RVR value is 50 m and it shows P2000 when the RVR value is 22000 m 16 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 4 INSTALLATION The 8365 Visibility Sensor consists of the visibility sensor two emitters and two detectors an optional Day Night sensor or Ambient Light Sensor and a Visibility Controller Board This instrument is thoroughly tested and fully calibrated at the factory and 1s ready for installation A calibration check should be performed upon completion of the installation see Chapter 8 4 1 SENSOR SITING Locate the sensor as far as practical from strobe lights and other modulated light sources Do not locate it in an area that is subject to localized obstructions to vision e g smoke dust etc At the same time it should not be so isolated that it cannot detect more widespread obstructions when they affect visibility in the area of concern Keep the area within 6 ft 2 m of the sensor free of all vegetation and well drained and keep any grass or vegetation within 100 ft 30 m of the sensor clipped to a height of about 10 25 cm These precautions are necessary to reduce interference of insects and carbon based aerosols e g te
84. on AWOS Preventive 02 0 6600000 74 102 AWOS Periodic Maintenariee eoo repo dere arent ar at xe eae e 74 Mate Kau since uu uy 74 19220 Trvannvial uu ku u uum l uuu uk un laya ua bate deat ned uot du 74 1 2 3 Amnual Marnteliallee o uuu ul uu 75 LO LISO t hatay anay aos ana 75 11 TROUBLESRHOOTING u u gt uu y 6 L1 1T roubleshootmb i rto RIS 76 EZ ALL ES RETRO SE 76 Vere KU __________ 77 L1 77 EE E M M n M 91 Ll B ET Ev IRR 94 11 5 Troubleshooting uns uapa uska 95 Night Sensor Troubleshootn S edo 85 0E a TIIONS ANDIPARITSILISI T TT 90 91 15 1 Ambient Lieht Sensor CALS Kil 91 GT UB 91 15 2 AU OM S E Saatnya asnu ba areata 91 Day Night Sensor 223
85. ond character from the right represents the sum of bits 4 7 the next character to the left represents the sum of bits 8 11 and the leftmost character represents the sum of bits 12 15 55 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual The following section contains a step by step discussion of how to decode an example status word A worksheet is provided in Table 9 which provides spaces to write in actual status words with each bit already numbered This table will simplify status word decoding and can be copied to provide additional worksheets Table 5 Status Word 0 Visibility Sensor Status Word 0 FUNCTION VALUE MEANING 000 3 minutes 001 5 minutes 010 10 minutes 011 1 minute 001 10 seconds 010 1 minute 011 5 minutes 100 10 minutes Du 0 visibility extinction coefficient units miles kilometers configuration error OK indicator error visibility data incomplete status visibility data missing status visibility dirty window Status three headed operation indicator averaging interval output interval data complete data incomplete from at least 1 head O data from more than 1 head is missing OK window dirty Four headed operation normal Three headed operation 56 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual Table 6 Status Word 1 Visibility Sensor Status Word 1 BIT FUNCTION VALUE MEANING 0 OK mode 0 indirect 0 1 failed mode 1
86. or and the newly calibrated factor as a percentage Under normal conditions the change from the old to the new value should be less than 2 If the value shown 15 less than 2 press the key to accept the new value If the difference 15 greater than 2 press the key to reject it then repeat the calibration procedure 20 Once the calibration value has been accepted the Visibility Controller Board will return to normal measurement mode using the newly calculated calibration factor 8 2 ALS CALIBRATION When purchased and shipped with an 8365 the optional Ambient Light Sensor ALS 1s factory calibrated and should not need to be recalibrated under normal conditions The ALS 15 also equipped with a built in self calibration feature that automatically adjusts the sensor to compensate for many factors that can affect performance If the ALS is added to an already installed 8365 it will be delivered calibrated from the factory An EEPROM containing calibration data for the ALS is included in the package Install this EEPROM in socket U12 on the Visibility Controller Board U12 1s located in a socket to the left of the header J1 connector near the middle right side of the Visibility Controller Board If an EEPROM is already installed in U12 remove the existing EEPROM and install the new EEPROM in its place Perform the visibility calibration procedure described in Chapter 8 to set the correct calibration factor in the EEPROM 8 3 DAY NIGH
87. osuas 9oje1odo 108095 590 UO UD JIMS JOMOd S si 1osu s SHA e q uo Yd IMs uo Yd S 87 1u02 4 5 e1nDiJ User s Manual Ul 205096 991AJ0S 0 JOSUaS j euuou si 1osu s pue 0 peau 2 SJA enuew sasn Ul p pue so qe 996 19 01 U09 ay ON lewiou epoo 61635 Ul JOSU S T ajeJqi eo pue o c 02 S3 gt losuas ajeJqi eoo4 J9uyo sjunoo 0007 o pue 0 peau aoejday 3A op pue 0 p O ON C C D pue ep peau 10 99 9p SJA S unoo 000 0L lt 00P SI ejpped ON LO cO co D O ajeJqije29J pue peau SJUNOS 000 0L LLP SI ejpped jjejsu amp Sjunoo 000 SL lt OLP SI 159 Ul 108098 28 4 000 SL lt LOP SI 88 User s Manual Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor 2 6 0 1 A euuou Buiuonouny si 1osu s SH
88. r see Figure 35 6 Adjust potentiometer R2 on the Emitter see Figure 37 to obtain a 3 0 Vp p 20 1 V sine wave 68 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 9 2 2 3 Offset and Gain Adjustments A 1 Place the sensor in Mode 0 2 Place the scope probe at TP8 on the Detector 1 Demodulator PCB see Figure 35 3 4 Adjust potentiometer R34 on the Detector 1 Demodulator PCB see Figure 35 for a Completely block the signal into Detector 1 using dense foam rubber or the like 6 0 0 2 ms period Unblock Detector 1 remove the foam rubber 6 Adjust potentiometer R37 on the Detector 1 Demodulator PCB see Figure 35 for a T 8 9 66 1 us period Pernod Figure 38 Period of Signal Place the sensor in Mode 1 Place the scope probe at TP8 on the Detector 0 Demodulator PCB see Figure 35 Completely block the signal into Detector using dense foam rubber or the like 10 Adjust potentiometer R34 on the Detector 0 Demodulator PCB see Figure 35 for a 6 0 0 2 ms period 11 Unblock Emitter 1 12 Adjust potentiometer R37 on the Detector 0 Demodulator PCB see Figure 35 for a 66 1 us period 69 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 9 2 3 Model 8365 C 9 2 3 1 Bandpass Filter Adjustment Place the sensor in Mode 1 Attach the calibration paddle see Figure 33 Place the scope probe at TP2 on the Detector 1 Demodulator PC
89. rpenes with sensor performance 4 1 1 Multiple Sensor Installations In installations where multiple visibility sensors are used it is important to maintain adequate optical isolation between the sensors Care must be taken to ensure that the optical emitter of one unit is not within the field of view of any others It is recommended that no sensor be installed within 50 feet of another and that the orientation of adjacent sensors be parallel 4 2 AWOS SITING Site AWOS installations according to siting order 6560 20 4 3 MAST INSTALLATION See Figure 4 The visibility sensor mounts on a 2 87 73 mm O D mast A section of standard 212 galvanized steel pipe can be used as a mast with no drawbacks or special adaptation 4 3 1 Non Frangible Tower Installations For non frangible tower installations install an appropriately sized mast so that the sensor optics will be 10 ft 2 ft 3 m 0 6 m above ground or 6 5 ft 2 m above the average maximum snow depth whichever 15 higher 17 uonej ejsu SeN p o4nDiJ User s Manual 01 251 AQv3s uwo e vz
90. s 0 0 0 Looking at Table 5 this bit pattern for bits 0 2 means that the averaging interval is set to 3 minutes Looking at the next three bits bits 3 5 we see the pattern is 0 O 1 Again referring to Table 5 this bit pattern represents an output interval of 10 seconds The remaining bits in the status word can then be evaluated individually by locating a specific bit on the table and reading the meaning of its current value 0 or 1 Status Words 2 and 3 be translated in the same way with each bit being matched to its specific operational meaning By translating all three status words into their individual components a great deal of information concerning the sensor s operation can be extracted 59 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor Bit 15 14 13 12 Hexadecimal Bit 15 14 13 12 Hexadecimal Bit 15 14 13 12 Binary Hexadecimal User s Manual Status Word 0 Bit 11 10 9 8 Status Word 1 Bit 11 10 9 8 Status Word 2 Bit 11 10 9 8 Figure 31 Status Word Worksheet 60 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 8 CALIBRATION 8 1 VISIBILITY SENSOR CALIBRATION The visibility sensor can be calibrated either indoors or outdoors When calibrating outdoors there must be at least 7 miles visibility and winds should be calm The calibration paddle is traceable to Air Force Geophys
91. sensor designs have been based upon performing precise absolute measurements during variable environ mental conditions in hostile environments The Weather Inc approach is different The 8365 Visibility Sensor uses a technique for measuring the optical extinction coefficient that does not depend on absolute calibration of the optical emitter and the optical detector Two optical emitters are used along with two optical detectors to measure four parameters Facing emitter detector pairs measure the direct optical transmission through the sample volume while the optical energy scattered by haze fog rain or snow 15 measured by emitter detector pairs at a 35 angle to one another Calculations performed using these measured parameters yield an absolute Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual extinction coefficient value independent of contaminants upon the optical surfaces or the effects of temperature changes on the optical source and measurement electronics The Visibility Controller Board contains a microprocessor that performs all the necessary calculations The Visibility Controller Board output is provided through the serial communica tions port The output product is programmable for either visibility in miles or kilometers or extinction coefficient In addition the output includes sensor status information such as current sensor configuration output mode and averaging interval as well as calibration m
92. sensor head assembly 180 19 Enter test Mode 0 and record the values obtained from the second measuring cycle The values should resemble those shown below Counts d002650 d01 25000 Cont 79 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 20 Record the values on the worksheet under Rotated VISIBILITY SENSOR DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET Rotated Mode Identifier Paddle Out Paddle In Paddle Out Paddle In 80 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 11 3 2 Mode 1 Test The next measurement mode used for testing 1s Mode 1 To enter this mode 1 Press 2 at the Test menu to begin the Mode 1 test The display will show MODE 1 Test progress In this mode the emitters and detectors are functioning as follows Emitter 0 OFF Emitter 1 ON Detector LOW GAIN mode measuring direct energy Detector 1 HIGH GAIN mode measuring scattered energy 2 After the first 15 second measuring cycle the measured values will be shown on the display The first set of measurements 1s always suspect so use the values displayed following the second 15 second measuring cycle for diagnostics The values should resemble those shown below Counts d112625 d10227000 Cont 3 Record the values on the worksheet under Normal Paddle Out in the two Mode 1 rows VISIBILITY SENSOR DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET Detector CableSwappd Cables Swapped Swapped Mode Rotated
93. sor User s Manual 11 3 TEST MEASUREMENTS The various tests made isolating a problem are initiated through the Handheld Terminal a 52 terminal or computer running terminal emulation software such as Procomm or DCP s keypad display To set the system up for testing 1 2 3 non AWOS systems connect the Handheld Terminal to the labeled connector on the Visibility Controller Board or connect a computer or VT52 terminal as explained in Setup On AWOS systems press the maintenance switch at the DCP Press to call up the main menu Press 4 to call up the Test menu There are two test modes available from the Test menu Mode and Mode 1 A series of measurements will be taken 1n each mode under five different sets of circumstances Normal setup calibration paddle in Normal setup calibration paddle out Two emitter cables swapped two detector cables swapped calibration paddle in Two emitter cables swapped two detector cables swapped calibration paddle out Sensor head assembly rotated 180 11 3 1 Mode O Test The first measurement mode used for testing is Mode 0 To enter this mode l Press 1 at the Test menu to begin the Mode 0 test The display will show MODE 0 Test in progress In this mode the emitters and detectors are functioning as follows Emitter 0 ON Emitter 1 OFF Detector 0 HIGH GAIN mode measuring scattered energy Detector LOW GAIN mode measuring d
94. t 11 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 3 5 BASIC EQUATIONS The basic equation for visibility measurements is the Bouguer Lambert law F 1 where F is the luminous flux received after a length of path x in the atmosphere and Fo is the flux for x 0 Differentiating we obtain 1 F dx 2 Note that this law is valid only for monochromatic light but may be applied to a spectral flux to a good approximation The transmission factor is T Fo 3 Mathematical relationships between MOR and the various variables representing the optical state of the atmosphere may be deduced from the Bouguer Lambert law From Equations and 3 we may write T e Fo 4 If this law is applied to the MOR definition T 0 05 then x P and the following may be written 2p T 0 05 e 5 Hence the mathematical relation of MOR to the extinction coefficient 1s 1 1 3 where In is the log to base the natural logarithm When combining Equation 4 after being deduced from the Bouguer Lambert law and Equation 6 the following equation 15 obtained In 0 05 This equation 15 used as a basis for measuring with transmissometers 12 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 3 5 1 Meteorological Visibility in Daylight The contrast of luminance 1s Li 8 where Ly is the luminance of the horizon a
95. terval The display will advance to the averaging interval menu Avg Interval min 0 3 1 5 2 10 Select an averaging interval The display will advance to the output type menu Output 0 Vis Type 1 Ext Coef 46 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual Select an output type visibility or extinction coefficient The display will advance to the units menu Units O miles 1 kilometers Select a units system for displayed data The display will advance to the baud rate menu Baud 0 300 121200 2 2400 324800 429600 The value entered here sets the baud rate for the data output serial port external computer Select a baud rate for the port The display will advance to the sensor address menu SENSOR ADDR 0 9 Enter 1 digit If multiple visibility sensors are connected to a central computer this option lets you specify a unique address for each sensor When a single sensor 15 used the address is normally assigned to it To assign a sensor address to the sensor enter any one digit value between 0 and 9 This will complete the configuration procedure and the configuration data will be saved automatically The display will read End of Configuration saving Data Once the data 1s saved to nonvolatile RAM the display will return to the setup menu To exit from the setup menu and return to the normal display press O at the setup menu 47 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor
96. the 8365 However when the Handheld Terminal is connected but inactive no key has been pressed over the span of the last output interval the display will show the time and date and will alternately display the ALS value Gf connected and the current visibility value The rate at which the display switches between ALS and visibility data 1s determined by the output interval set through the setup procedure At each output interval the display will switch to the other data screen from ALS to visibility or from visibility to ALS For example if the output interval 1s set to 30 seconds the ALS data will be displayed for 30 seconds then the display will switch to visibility data which will be shown for the next 30 seconds before the display again switches to ALS data 51 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 7 SENSOR OUTPUT The 8365 Visibility Sensor outputs serial data in both RS 232 and RS 485 formats The output data packet contains supplementary status and operation information in addition to the visibility data The user can customize the system s operation for the most useful data output output interval averaging interval output type visibility or extinction coefficient and units miles or kilometers can all be set through the Setup menu see Section 5 1 7 1 OUTPUT DATA FORMAT Sensor output is available in two formats Standard format and AWOS format 7 1 1 Standard Output Data Format
97. the Visibility Controller Board to the ground stud near the bottom inside the Visibility Controller enclosure 3 Route a 10 ft length of ground cable to the ground lug at the bottom of the Visibility Controller enclosure 4 Connect the other end of the ground cable to the ground clamp on the mast 30 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 5 Finally connect a bare copper ground wire between the ground rod and the ground clamp on the mast 17 n GND STUD ASSY REF U4 THHN 4 COPPER CABLE 7605000 BARE COPPER WIRE REF Figure 21 Ground Cable Installation 4 7 3 220 V AC Kit Installation See Figure 22 M488174 220 V AC kit provides a step down transformer to allow the 8365 to run from a 220 V AC supply Note This kit is normally installed at the factory I Remove the existing cable installed between and TB2 on the Visibility Controller Board The transformer mounts to the Visibility Controller Board in the lower left corner as shown in Figure 22 to the four studs protruding up from the board Leave the existing nuts installed on the studs Set the transformer in place over the studs so that it rests on the nuts Secure the transformer with a flat washer lock washer and nut at each corner Trim the three wires extending from the transformer s primary side to approximately 6 and attach spade lugs Form a service loop in t
98. the mounting clamp from the EMITTER 0 upright Slide the adapter over the upright so that the upright fits through the hole in the upright mounting block Slide the adapter about halfway down the upright and orient it so that the ALS head will be pointing toward the POLE when installed see Figure 24 Note that all steps that reference pointing toward the POLE refer to pointing to the closest geographic pole North or South depending on the installation location relative to the equator Secure the mount by tightening the two screws in the upright mounting block 7 Route the ALS cable through the hole in the head mounting block and set the head into 10 11 12 place with key in head resting notch in mounting block Tighten screw in the head mounting block If the head 16 not pointing toward the POLE loosen the two screws in the upright mounting block and rotate the head and adapter as necessary to orient the head toward the POLE Tighten the two screws Install a strain relief in the top right hole of the enclosure when seen from below Remove the nut washer and grommet from the strain relief Route the cable through the nut washer and grommet by folding the cable back over the connector then bending the cable 90 so that the profile of the cable end and connector is small enough to fit through the nut and strain relief With the cable still folded over the connector feed the cab
99. tic meteorological requirements the scale of MOR readings extends from below 100 m to more than 70 km the measurement range may be more restricted for other applications This 1s the case for civil aviation where the upper limit may be 10 km This range may be further reduced when applied to the determination of the runway visual range which represents landing and takeoff conditions in reduced visibility Runway visual range 15 required only between 50 and 1500 meters For other applications such as road or sea traffic different limits may be applied according to both the requirements and the locations where the measurements are made The errors of visibility measurements increase in proportion to the visibility and measurement scales take account of this This fact 1s reflected 1n the code used for synoptic reports by the use of three linear segments with decreasing resolution 1 e 100 to 5 000 m in steps of 100 m 6 to 30 km in steps of 1 km and 35 to 70 km in steps of 5 km This scale allows visibility to be reported with a better resolution than the accuracy of the measurement except when visibility 15 less than about 900 m The extinction coefficient may also be reported instead of the visibility The units for the extinction coefficient may be scaled miles or km but only scaled miles units are output for the extinction coefficient in the 8365 output data Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 3 3
100. to 32 km Measurement Range 8365 33 ft to 50 miles 10 m to 80 km Accurac 2 measured distance lt 1 35 miles lt 2000 m 10 measured distance gt 1 35 miles gt 2000 8365 A 330 ft 100 m direct attenuation and forward scatter 8 N 1 8 data bits no parity 1 stop bit Analog Output Option Handheld Terminal Port Serial Port Parameter Setting 8 N 1 8 data bits no parity 1 stop bit Power Requirements Supply Voltage 115 V AC 60 Hz di 240 V 50 60 Hz with M488174 220 V Kit Max Current Consumption ALS installed heaters on 1 773 A 94 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual Parameter Specification Environmental 55 to 60 C up to 0 5 1 3 cm dia Ice Buildup up to 0 5 h 1 3 cm h 100 to 10 000 ft ASL 30 to 3030 m ASL Mechanical Controller Assembly Enclosure NEMA 4X Sensor Assembly 2 5 6 35 cm dia mast Mountin Unistrut mounted Assembly A 61 L x 19 W x 21 H s 155 cm x 48 cm x 53 cm Dimensions Controller 14 W x 16 H x 6 D Assembly 30 cm x 36 cm x 15 cm Weight 74 Ibs 33 kg Shipping Weight 135 105 61 kg 95 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 15 WARRANTY Unless specified otherwise All Weather Inc the Company warrants its products to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service for one year fro
101. wn in Figure 19 Care must be taken to ensure that the cables are properly installed prior to connecting power 26 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual The Visibility Controller Assembly mounts to the visibility sensor mast beneath the sensor crossarm using the mounting hardware M 7 2X U BOLT 5 16 THD FOR 2 1 2 PIPE P N 408307 01 1 4 5 16 THD NUT W EXT TOOTH LOCK WASHER bo P N 009641 00 J NOTES UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED MOUNTING INCLUDED WTH ENCLOSURE TAPED TO INSIDE OF DOGR SHIPMENT 2 APPLY GRADE 2NTI SEIZE COMPOUND 401085 00 OR EOUIWALENT TO ALL EXTERNAL THREADED CONNECTIONS 3 AFTER INSTALLATION IS COMPLETE APPLY LIGHT SPRAY OF CORROSION BLOCK 402010 00 TO ALL METALLIC CONNECTORS CROUND 1005 AND THREADED FASTENERS MAST MERE CC E M EE sss s pz VISIBILITY CONTROLLER 7 ASSEMBLY 403322 04 REF Figure 16 Mounting Visibility Controller Assembly on Mast 27 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual The emitters and detectors are located in relation to one another as shown and the sensor cables secured with cable ties to the underside of the cross member Cables enter the controller e
102. y Helmholtz proposed a value of 0 02 for e Other values have been proposed by other authors They vary from 0 0077 to 0 06 or even 0 2 The smaller value yields a larger estimate of the visibility for given atmospheric conditions For aeronautical require ments 1 15 accepted that E is higher than 0 02 and it is taken as 0 05 since for a pilot the contrast of an object runway markings with respect to the surrounding terrain 15 much lower than that of an object against the horizon It is assumed that when an observer can just see and recognize a black object against the horizon the apparent contrast of the object 1s 0 05 This leads to the choice of 0 05 as the transmission factor adopted in the definition of MOR 10 Model 8365 Series Dual Technology Visibility Sensor User s Manual 3 4 MEASUREMENT METHODS Visibility is a complex psychophysical phenomenon governed mainly by the atmospheric extinction coefficient associated with solid and liquid particles held in suspension in the atmosphere The extinction is caused primarily by scattering rather than by absorption of the light Its estimation is subject to variations in individual perception and interpretative ability as well as the light source characteristics and the transmission factor Thus any visual estimate of visibility is subjective When visibility 1s estimated by a human observer it depends not only on the photometric and dimensional characteristics of the object which 1s or s

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents

  Integra E-Z Oxygen Concentrator Service Manual    Beaulieu 4008 ZM II Instruction Manual  Samsung SGH-U600 Наръчник за потребителя  取扱説明書 - マックス  全国の舞台で活躍する 燕市のスポーツ選手たち！  téléchargez la fiche de données de sécurité  

Copyright © All rights reserved. Failed to retrieve file