Home

Design Guide FLX Series

1. NOTIC 1g m Sensor interface option GSM option can be placed left or i lt right Ju e l E di o TEMP MOD i For information on installation and detailed specification of I 1 TEMP AMB j option modules refer also to 1 or mm GSM Option Installation Guide d o IR U d o IR Sensor Interface Option Installation Guide n ae i l o S0 4 2 Sensor Interface Option e l For information regarding installation setup and specifi i o RELAY NO cations refer to the Sensor Interface Option Installation c i Guide i The sensor interface option provides interfaces for i temperature sensor irradiation sensor energy meter input and a relay output Illustration 4 2 Sensor Connections to Sensor Interface Option L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 33 Options and Communication l 1 3 Interfaces for temperature sensor 4 Irradiation sensor Energy meter input SO 6 Relay output 4 2 1 Temperature Sensor 3 inputs for temperature sensors are provided Temperature Sensor Function Input Ambient temperature Readout via display or web interface and or communication logging PV module temperature Readout via
2. eo 8 S 7 lt 3 z 6 5 4 o 5 3 Q 2 1 0 I I I I I 40 45 50 55 60 65 Temperature C Upv 800V Upv 700V Upv 300V Illustration 2 5 Derating Temperature FLX 6 8 7 z m E z 6 ze 5 4 Q 2 3 5 o2 1 0 T T T T T 40 45 50 55 60 65 Temperature C Upv 800V ae E Upv 700V ADSIT Upv 300V Illustration 2 6 Derating Temperature FLX 7 eo 12 S Q lt 10 D 8 6 Qa a 4 5 93 9 I 40 45 50 55 60 65 Temperature C Upv 800V e Upv 700V Sem Upv 430V Illustration 2 7 Derating Temperature FLX 8 Output power kW i 40 I I I 45 50 55 60 l 65 160AA081 10 Temperature C Upv 800V Upv 700V Upv 430V Illustration 2 8 Derating Temperature FLX 9 Output power kW 40 I I I 45 50 55 60 l 65 160AA082 10 Temperature C Upv 800V Upv 700V Upv 430V Illustration 2 9 Derating Temperature FLX 10 Pacr kW 160AA046 11 I I I 45 50 55 60 Temperature C l 65 Upv 800V Upv 700V Upv 360V Illustration 2 10 Derating Temperature FLX 12 5 L00410605 02_02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Inverter Overview 16
3. Illustration 2 24 Example Managing Power Using CLX Monitoring and Grid Management Products or 3 party External Device 20 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Inverter Overview 1 DNO interface radio receiver device CLX monitoring and grid management product or 3 party Configuration Remotely controlled output power is configured in the CLX monitoring and grid management product or 3 party device See manual for CLX product or 3 party device 2 10 Reactive Power The FLX series inverters support reactive power control which is used to control the reactive output power of the inverter In the 2 operation modes described below the control functions for reactive power cannot be in operation which results in exchange of reactive power The inverter is not delivering power to the grid but still connected to the grid LCL EMC filter components and power supply contribute to reactive power exchange The inverter is not connected to the grid therefore only the power supply contributes to the reactive power exchange with 6 VAr 2 10 1 Constant Value The inverter can be set to provide a fixed reactive power value in 1 of the following ways Off Constant reactive power Q Constant power factor PF Off The inverter will not use any internal setpoint for reactive power but an external setpoint source can be used FLX inverters support a
4. Dant Inverter Overview 2 8 1 Example Germany MV How FRT works Illustration 2 20 shows the requirements to be followed by FRT This example is for German medium voltage grids e Above line 1 For voltages above line 1 the inverter must not disconnect from the grid during FRT under any circumstances Area A The inverter must not disconnect from grid for voltages below line 1 and left of line 2 In some cases the DNO permits a short duration discon nection in which case the inverter must be back on grid within 2 seconds Area B To the right of line 2 a short duration discon nection from grid is always permitted The reconnect time and power gradient can be negotiated with the DNO Below line 3 Below line 3 there is no requirement to remain connected to grid When a short duration disconnection from grid occurs the inverter must be back on grid after 2 seconds the active power must be ramped back at a minimum rate of 1096 of nominal power per second Ucrio z i S lt 100 90 70 4 30 0 150 700 1500 Time ms Illustration 2 20 German Example NOTIC To enable reactive current during FRT select a medium voltage grid code 18 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Inverter Overview Parameters related to FRT These parameters are set automatically upon selecting the grid code Dant inverter reconnects to grid and ramps up power at the same rate as fo
5. lpp pv 12A lupe pve 12A Ip ps S 12A lu 36A Illustration 3 8 Case 3 Parallel Connection with 1 Common MPPT Tracker Depending on the current of the modules there can be more than 2 strings in parallel teristics as well as the environmental conditions have to be taken into consideration In this configuration an external combiner box and string fuses could be needed Parallel String 5 Cells 18 modules Voc 1000 Inom 5 25 A Isc 5 56 A P 3 51 kWp per string Fuses may be needed in this configuration when the maximum reverse current allowed for the PV modules is exceeded normally 3 or more strings in parallel for 6 60 cells modules This configuration needs an external combiner box Modules used 195 Wp high performance modules among 5 cells 4 strings of 19 modules are possible 3 71 kWp per string In parallel and 1 individual string Max peak power 5 x 19 x 195 18 53 kWp 130 sizing factor for FLX 17 28 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 160AA043 10 System Planning 160AA044 10 Impp s 12A lupe pv2 12A NS ps S 12A lupp 33 28A Illustration 3 9 Case 3 Example 1 Parallel Connection with 1 Common MPPT Tracker This is an example with 6 cell modules Each plant has to be designed individually and the specific
6. Mounting plate recommendation Weight inverter 38 kg 44 kg incl packaging Acoustic noise level z MPP trackers 2 Operation temperature range Nom temperature range Storage temperature Overload operation Change of operating point Overvoltage Grid OVC III categories PV OVC II Table 5 1 Specifications At rated grid voltage Vac Cos phi 1 3 At symmetric input configuration 2 To utilise the full range asymmetrical layouts must be considered 4 SPL Sound Pressure Level at 1 m under normal operating including start up voltage for at least 1 string Achieving nominal conditions Measured at 25 C power will depend on configuration Nomen Parameter a FLX series clature o ov Eh S Rated apparent 12 5 kVA 17 kVA power Pacr Rated active power 10 kw 17k W Active power at 9 5 kW 16 2 kW cos phi 0 95 Active power at cos phi 0 90 Reactive power 9 0 kW 15 3 kW 0 60 kVAr 0 10 2 kVAr range Nominal AC voltage Vacr 3P N PE 230 400 V 20 906 AC voltage range Rated current AC 3x145A 3 x 18 2 A 3x217A 3 x 24 7 A L00410605 02_02 Rev date 2013 11 22 37 Technical Data x Nomen Parameter FLX series clature acmax Max current AC 3x 15 1 A 3x 18 8 A 3 x 22 6 A 3x 25 6A AC current distortion THD at nominal 2 96 output powe
7. Site Map Symbol Explanatory note 5 x Defines current security level where x is between 0 3 Table 1 2 Symbols L00410605 02_02 Rev date 2013 11 22 3 Introduction 1 2 List of Abbreviations Dant NOTIC Software version at manual release is 2 05 Information about current software version is available at Abbreviation Description cat5e Category 5 twisted pair cable enhanced DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol www danfoss com solar DNO Distribution Network Operator DSL Digital Subscriber Line EMC Directive Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive ESD Electrostatic Discharge FRT Fault ride through GSM Global System for Mobile communications IEC International Electrotechnical Commission LED Light emitting diode LVD Directive Low Voltage Directive MPP Maximum power point MPPT Maximum power point tracking P P is the symbol for active power and is measured in Watts W PCB Printed Circuit Board PCC Point of common coupling The point on the public electricity network to which other customers are or could be connected PE Protective Earth PELV Protected extra low voltage PLA Power Level Adjustment Pnom Power Nominal conditions POC Point of connection The point at which the PV system is connected to the public electricity grid Psrc Power Standard Test Conditions PV Photovoltaic photovoltaic cells RCMU Residual Current Monitoring U
8. 160AA012 10 View Status Log Setup i o FL a o F e JGJCG C ee Nee OAS Z Alarm O Illustration 2 16 Overview of Display Buttons and Functionality Key Function LED F1 View 1 View 2 Screen When keys F1 F4 are F2 Status Menu selected the LED above F3 Production Log Menu Mn the key will light up F4 Setup Menu Home Return to View Screen Key Function LED Arrow A step down decrease Down value Arrow Right Moves cursor right Back Iu LL On Green On flashing On grid LED Connecting Alarm Red Flashing Fail safe LED E The inverter is configured as master This icon appears in the top right corner OK Enter select Arrow up A step up increase value H The inverter is a follower connected to a master This icon appears in the top right corner Table 2 1 Overview of Display Buttons and Functionality NOTIC The contrast level of the display can be altered by pressing the arrow up down button while holding down the F1 button The menu structure is divided into 4 main sections 1 View presents a short list of information read only 2 Status shows inverter parameter readings read only 3 Log shows logged data 4 Setup shows configurable parameters read write See the following section
9. 2 3 4 International Inverter The inverter is equipped with a range of grid codes to meet national requirements Before connecting an inverter to the grid obtain approval from the local distribution network operator DNO For initial selection of grid code refer to the FLX Instal lation Guide Grid power quality enhancement settings For further information see 2 6 Ancillary Services Functional safety settings The cycle RMS values of the grid voltages are compared with 2 lower and 2 upper trip settings e g overvoltage stage 1 If the RMS values violate the trip settings for more than the duration of clearance time the inverter ceases to energise the grid Loss of Mains LoM is detected by 2 different algorithms 1 3 phase voltage surveillance the inverter has individual control of the 3 phase currents The cycle RMS values of the phase phase grid voltages are compared with a lower trip setting or an upper trip setting If the RMS values 8 L00410605 02_02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Dant Inverter Overview violate the trip settings for more than of the PV arrays The inverter continues to reduce the the duration of clearance time the power until the potential overload ceases or the PLA level inverters cease to energise the grid is reached Derating due to excessive temperature in the inverter is caused by PV over sizing whereas derating due to grid current grid voltage and grid frequency indicate
10. 8 5 1TechnicalData V E 26 5 1 1 Inverter Specifications I UU 36 5 1 2 Efficiency 40 5 8 Mains Circuit Specifications tte AS 5 9 Auxiliary Interface Specifications hfj 5 10 RS 485 and Ethernet Connections re AB 2 L00410605 02_02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Introduction 1 Introduction The Design Guide provides information required for planning an installation It describes requirements for use of the FLX series inverters in solar energy applications 160AA011 10 Illustration 1 1 FLX Series Inverter Additional resources available Installation Guide supplied with the inverter for information required to install and commission the inverter User Guide for information required for monitoring and setup of the inverter via the display or web interface CLX GM Manudl for information required to install and set up power management of the FLX Pro inverter CLX Home GM Installation Manual or CLX Standard GM Installation Manual for information required to install and set up monitoring of the FLX series inverter Sensor Interface Option Installation Guide for installation and commissioning of temperature and irradiation monitoring sensors and using energy meter input S0 and relay output GSM Option Kit Installation Guide for information required to install
11. Reduction occurs at a preconfigured rate which is the ramp R shown in Illustration 2 21 When the frequency reaches f2 the inverter disconnects from grid When the frequency decreases below f the Prom P I I I I I I I I I I s f f f Hz Illustration 2 21 Primary Frequency Control Ramp Method Primary Frequency control hysteresis method To support grid stabilisation the inverter reduces output power if the grid frequency exceeds fi Reduction occurs at a preconfigured rate which is the ramp R shown in Illustration 2 22 The reduced output power limit is maintained until the grid frequency has decreased to f When the grid frequency has decreased to f2 the inverter output power increases again following a time ramp T If the grid frequency continues to increase the inverter disconnects at fs When the frequency decreases below f the inverter reconnects to grid and ramps up power at the same rate as for the reduction Piom P g S lt A I T f f f f Hz Illustration 2 22 Primary Frequency Control Hysteresis Method L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 19 2 Dont Inverter Overview 2 9 3 Remotely Controlled Adjustment of When using the master functionality to manage the Output Power Level control of the output power level the PLA option or Danfoss CLX GM is required as interface device between The inverter supports rem
12. and the grid type to which the system is connected The PCC is the point where the PV system is connected to the public electricity grid In residential installations the domestic circuits and the solar inverters are usually connected to the grid at 1 common point The installation becomes part of the low voltage LV distribution system Commercial installations are normally larger and therefore connected to the medium voltage MV system Large scale commercial systems such as power plants can be connected to the high voltage HV grid Each of the power systems has individual ancillary service requirements Depending on the location and the DNO some of these services will be mandatory and others are optional Mandatory requirements are automatically configured through the selected grid code Optional services are configured by the installer during commis sioning Grid support can be divided into the following main groups which will be covered in subsequent sections e Dynamic Network Support Active Power Control Reactive Power Control 2 6 1 Active Reactive Power Theory The principle in generating reactive power is that the phases between the voltage and the current are shifted in a controlled way Reactive power cannot transport consumable energy but it generates losses in power lines and transformers and is normally unwanted Reactive loads can be either capacitive or inductive in nature depending on the curr
13. 1 of the 2 PV polarities Consequently implementation requires the amount of cables to be doubled The legend below applies to all parallel mode drawings in this section L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 25 i System Planning e 1 1 lt lt S S S A w vi EN vl VI we liners 3 NEL E E 2 Illustration 3 3 Case 1 Individual Configuration J 1 Illustration 3 4 Not Allowed Direct cable connection from PV modules to inverter Asymmetric layouts are possible Different string lengths for all inputs Asymmetrical configurations in parallel mode are never allowed e Different modules types for all inputs same types per string Different module orientation for all inputs 26 L00410605 02_02 Rev date 2013 11 22 160AA042 10 System Planning lupo S 12A lup sv 12A lweeevs lt 12A lus 24A Illustration 3 5 Case 2 Parallel Connection Maintaining 2 Independent Trackers With this configuration 2 independent trackers can be maintained Depending on the current of the modules there can be more than 2 strings in parallel using a simple splitter or Y connector e Same string lengths on PV1 and PV2 Shorter string lengths on PV3 and
14. PV overvoltage protection returning MPP voltage to a level in the 220 800 V range Intermediate Overvoltage Protection During start up before the inverter is connected to grid and while PV is charging the intermediate circuit the overvoltage protection may be activated to prevent overvoltage in the intermediate circuit 3 2 5 Thermal Management All power electronics units generate excess heat which must be controlled and removed to avoid damage and to achieve high reliability and long life The temperature around critical components like the integrated power modules is continuously measured to protect the electronics against overheating If the temperature exceeds the limits the inverter reduces input power to maintain temperature at a safe level The thermal management concept of the inverter is based on forced cooling with speed controlled fans The fans are electronically controlled and are only active when needed Danfoss The rear of the inverter is designed as a heat sink that removes the heat generated by the power semiconductors in the integrated power modules Additionally the magnetic parts are ventilated by force At high altitudes the cooling capacity of the air is reduced The fan control attempts to compensate for this reduced cooling At altitudes greater than 1000 m consider derating of the inverter power when planning system layout to avoid loss of energy Altitude 2000 m Max load of inverter Tab
15. in the range of 20 kQ 100 kO in order to allow for measuring inaccuracy For example a 200 kO limit will have an offset of 40 kO and therefore the applied limit will be 240 kQ 160AA077 10 If the inverter ceases to energise the grid due to grid frequency or grid voltage not 3 phase LoM and if the frequency or voltage is restored within a short time short 1 interruption time the inverter can reconnect when the 0 i l grid parameters have been within their limits for the 40 45 50 55 60 65 specified time reconnect time Otherwise the inverter Temperature C returns to the normal connection sequence Nw FU A N oC Output power kW Upv 800V Pepe Roms Upv 700V sebanactcerensti Upv 300V 2 3 5 Derating Illustration 2 4 Derating Temperature FLX 5 Derating the output power is a means of protecting the inverter against overload and potential failure Furthermore derating can also be activated to support the grid by reducing or limiting the output power of the inverter Derating is activated by 1 PV overcurrent 2 Internal overtemperature 3 Too low grid voltage 4 Grid over frequency 5 External command PLA feature D See 2 6 Ancillary Services Derating is accomplished by adjusting the PV voltage and subsequently operating outside the maximum power point L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 9 Inverter Overview
16. interval This is relevant when a panel shading period from solid objects like trees or chimneys is known The sweep functionality will only be activated for a specific period to reduce further losses in yield Up to 3 different sweep intervals can be set 2 3 7 2 Adaptive Consumption Compensation ACC Adaptive Consumption Compensation will optimise the plant yield while complying with the DNO requirements The power output of the inverters is controlled as a function of actual self consumption and power limit Dant imposed by the DNO at PCC e g a 7096 limit of the installed PV power In case of self consumption measured with an energy meter the output power of the inverter will be increased for the duration of the increased self consumption By default the FLX Pro does not include the sensor module which contains the SO input required by the ACC feature The sensor module can be purchased and installed inside the inverter on the Option slot This feature can be enabled or disabled and the SO input can be configured with the number of Pulses kWh This feature can be used in combination with DPD 2 3 7 3 Dynamic Power Distribution DPD DPD is relevant for installations with more than 1 inverter that have different orientation of panels DPD ensures that the total output power at the PCC is always kept at maximum also under grid management conditions EEG2012 fixed limits and PLA If 1 section is in the shade the in
17. master settings to one or more inverters in the network Plant level The master inverter collects data from the follower inverters in one master follower network and shows accumulated data Group level Inverters can be bundled together into groups and have to be bundled at least into 1 group On this level an overview of production and performance is given Inverter level The overview of production and performance the logs and the setup can be shown for a single inverter L00410605 02_02 Rev date 2013 11 22 15 Inverter Overview FLX Web Server by Danfoss Solar Inverters Plant overview Group overview v Inverter view v Overview Inverters My Plant Production graphs Hour Overall plant status Network status OK 2 2 Hourly Daily Output power 0 00 W Reactive power Off Monthly Production today 17 83 kWh PLA 100 0 Annual Total revenue Performance graphs Total CO2 savings 0 0 kg Daily Performance ratio Monthly Total production 0 00 Wh Annual Language Contact Logout Security level 0 Danfoss Solar Inverters Illustration 2 18 Overall Plant Status 2 6 Ancillary Services Ancillary services comprise inverter functionalities which aid transport of power on grids and contribute to grid stability The ancillary services required for a particular PV system are determined by the point of common coupling PCC
18. number of 3 d party grid management units for managing reactive power Set the setpoint type to Off This will enable the inverter to accept a setpoint for PF and Q transmitted via RS 485 from the external source Constant Reactive Power Q The inverter will generate a fixed level of reactive power specified as a percentage of the inverter s nominal apparent power S The value of constant reactive power Q can be set in the range from 6096 under excited to 60 over excited The value can be maintained from 3 of nominal power Constant Power Factor PF Constant power factor specifies a fixed relation between active and apparent power P S i e a fixed Cos The Dafoe power factor PF can be set in the range from 0 8 under excited to 0 8 over excited The reactive power generated by the inverter is thus dependent on the active power generated Example e PF 0 9 Generated active power P 10 0 kW Apparent power S 10 0 0 9 11 1 kVA Reactive power Q v 11 12 10 02 4 8 kVAr 2 10 2 Dynamic Value Depending on the dynamic reactive controls required it can be achieved directly on the inverter through the master inverter or via a CLX monitoring and grid management product or e via 3 d party device Setpoint curve PF P The PF P curve is either pre configured in each inverter via the selected grid code or configured manually in the web interface The PF P control is thus o
19. ready before manual closure Limit rated value tolerance Denpi 5 2 Derating Limits To ensure that the inverters can produce the rated power measurement inaccuracies are taken into account when enforcing the derating limits stated in Table 5 5 FLX series 9 10 12 5 15 17 Grid power total 5150W 6180 W 7210W 8240 W 9270 W 10300 W 12875 W 15450 W 17510 W Table 5 5 Derating Limits 5 3 Norms and Standards International Standards Directive LVD Directive EMC Safety Integrated PV load switch FLX series 2006 95 EC 2004 108 EC IEC 62109 1 IEC 62109 2 VDE 0100 712 SO Energy Meter option Table 5 6 International Standards Compliance Functional Safety IEC 62109 2 EN 61000 6 1 EMC immunity EN 61000 6 2 EN 61000 6 3 EMC emission EN 61000 6 4 Utility interference EN 61000 3 2 3 EN 61000 3 11 12 CE Yes IEC 61727 Utility characteristics EN 50160 EN62053 31 Annex D 40 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Technical Data 5 4 Installation Conditions Parameter Specification Relative humidity 95 96 non condensing Pollution degree PD2 Environmental class according to IEC IEC60721 3 3 3K6 3B3 353 3M2 Air quality general ISA S71 04 1985 Level G2 at 7596 RH Air quality coastal heavy industrial and agricultural zones Must be measured and classified acc to ISA S71 04 1985 Vibration 1G Observe product ingress protect
20. the RS 485 interface Each inverter then uses this information to determine its reactive power level Both Danfoss and 3 party products are available for external control See Illustration 2 24 For more information about relevant products see the supplier manuals Configuration Remotely controlled reactive power is configured in the CLX monitoring and grid management product or 3 party device see manual for CLX monitoring and grid management product or 3 4 party device 2 11 Fallback Values When remotely controlled active power or reactive power is selected as reference value for the inverter fixed fallback values can be used in the event of communication failure between the master inverter and the PLA option or between the master inverter and the Danfoss CLX GM or between the master inverter and the follower inverter This feature will be available from SW version 2 10 22 L00410605 02_02 Rev date 2013 11 22 System Planning 3 System Planning 3 1 Introduction To avoid damaging the inverter observe the limits in the table when dimensioning the PV generator for the inverter The aim of this section is to provide general information 3 for planning integration of the inverter into a PV system For guidance and recommendations on dimensioning the PV system design including earthing PV generator module array to align with the following I AC grid connection requirements including inverte
21. uses different modules or module orientation L00410605 02_02 Rev date 2013 11 22 160AA039 10 i 160AA040 10 lmer ES 12A Iver p2 S 12A lupp vs 12A lup lt 23 16A Illustration 3 6 Case 2 Example 1 Parallel Connection Maintaining 2 Independent Trackers This is an example with 6 cell modules Each plant has to be designed individually and the specific solar cell charac teristics as well as the environmental conditions have to be taken into consideration With this configuration 2 independent trackers can be maintained In this configuration an external combiner box and string fuses could be needed Parallel String 6 Cells 23 modules Voc 1000 Impp 7 72 A P 5 29 kWp per string Total power 4 x 23 x 230 Wp 21 2 kWp 124 5 sizing factor for FLX 17 7 9 kWp per MPPT in MPPT 2 and 3 STC 5 3 kWp in MPPT 1 A very limited amount of modules are available to be used in this configuration 27 System Planning lyp 12A lu S 12A lupp lt 12A lmp 21A N N N Illustration 3 7 Case 2 Example 2 Parallel Connection Maintaining 2 Independent Trackers This is an example with 5 cell modules Each plant has to be designed individually and the specific solar cell charac i 160AA041 10
22. 0 4 2 kVAr 0 4 8 kVAr 0 5 4 kVAr range Nominal AC voltage Vac r 3P N PE 230 400 V 20 AC voltage range Rated current AC 3x87A 3x 10 1A 3x 116A 3x13A acmax Max current AC 3x90A 3x 10 6 A 3x121A 3x 13 6 A AC current distortion THD at nominal output power 4 75 kW 5 7 kW 6 65 kW 7 6 kW 8 55 kW Inrush current 9 5 A 10 ms cosphiac r Power factor at 10096 load 20 99 Controlled power 0 8 over excited factor range 0 8 under excited Standby consumption 27W fr Nominal grid 50 5 Hz frequency range Max PV input power 5 2 kW 6 2 kW 7 2 kW 8 kW per MPPT Nominal power DC 5 2 kW 6 2 kW 7 2 kW 8 3 kW 9 3 kW Vader Nominal voltage DC 715V Vdcmin MPP voltage active Vmppmin tracking rated 220 250 800 V 220 260 800 V 220 300 800 V 220 345 800 V 220 390 800 V Vmppmax power MPP efficiency static 99 996 MPP efficiency 99 7 dynamic V cmax Max DC voltage 1000 V Vaestart Turn on voltage DC 250 V Vademin Turn off voltage DC 220 V ldcmax Max MPP current 12 A per PV input 36 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Technical Data Nomen Parameter FLX series clature Max short circuit current DC at STC 13 5 A per PV input Min on grid power 20W Emmy LL Euro efficiency V at 96 596 97 096 dor Dimensions H W D inverter incl 667 x 500 x 233 mm 774 x 570 x 356 mm packaging Mounting
23. 7 rd de z p P P E 2 5 mm 4mm ZI 6mm 10mm L L L L 40 50 60 70 80 m Illustration 5 5 FLX Series 9 Cable Losses 96 versus Cable Length m 0 75 0 5 0 25 eo o o eo lt lt o 2 VA wa PA 4 VA V2 P Fa PA VA 2 5 mm m EA 4mm tM 6 mm 10 mm2 L L L L 40 50 60 70 80 m Illustration 5 6 FLX Series 10 Cable Losses versus Cable Length m Technical Data 0 75 0 5 0 25 40 50 80 160AA070 10 m Illustration 5 7 FLX Series 12 5 Cable Losses 9o versus Cable Length m 0 75 0 5 0 25 40 Illustration 5 8 FLX Series 15 Cable Losses versus Cable Length m 5 7 Torque Specifications 50 80 160AA071 11 m 160AA007 10 Illustration 5 10 Overview of Inverter with Torque Indications 1 44 i 40 50 60 80 160AA072 11 m Illustration 5 9 FLX Series 17 Cable Losses versus Cable Length m Parameter Tool Tightening Torque 1 M16 cable gland Wrench 19 mm 3 75 Nm body M16 cable gland Wrench 19 mm 2 5 Nm compression nut 2 M25 cable gland Wrench 27 mm 7 5 Nm body M25 cable gland Wrench 27 mm 5 0 Nm compression nut Table 5 12 Nm Specifications 1 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Techn
24. 9F2106000000G000 Functional Safety VDE 0126 1 1 VDE AR N 4105 Made in Denmark Danfoss Solar Inverters A S CE Illustration 2 1 Product Label The product label on the side of the inverter shows Inverter type Important specifications Serial number located under the bar code for inverter identification L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 2 2 Mechanical Overview of the Inverter 160AA0017 10 Illustration 2 2 Mechanical Overview of the Inverter Cover for installation area Front cover Die cast aluminium heat sink Mounting plate Display GSM antenna optional mounting position Fan PV load switch Fan 2 3 Description of the Inverter 2 3 1 Functional Overview Advantages of the FLX series inverter Transformerless 3 phase 3 level inverter bridge with a high performance 2 or 3 separate PV inputs for maximum flexibility Equivalent number of MPP trackers Integrated residual current monitoring unit Insulation test functionality Integrated PV load switch Extended fault ride through capabilities to support reliable power generation during grid faults Compliant with a wide range of international grids Inverter Overview Adapted to local requirements and conditions via grid code setting The inverter has several interfaces User interface Display Web interface Service web interface Communication interface RS 485 Etherne
25. Antenna 1 GSM option 2 Antenna cable 3 Antenna 4 4 RS 485 Communication RS 485 communication supports the following Danfoss peripheral units CLX Home CLX Standard CLX Weblogger CLX Home GM CLX Standard GM Dant RS 485 also supports 3 party loggers Contact 3 party supplier for compatibility For further information on wiring see 5 9 Auxiliary Interface Specifications Do not connect the RS 485 based communication devices to the inverter when it is configured as master RS 485 communication is used for communication with accessories and for service purposes 4 5 Ethernet Communication The Ethernet communication is used when applying the master inverter functionality via the web interface For layout of the Ethernet interface see 5 9 Auxiliary Interface Specifications and 5 10 1 Network Topology For service purposes Ethernet communication can be used to access the service web interface L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 35 Technical Data 5 Technical Data 5 1 Technical Data 5 1 1 Inverter Specifications Nomen Parameter f FLX series clature S dqpoxw p ow 3 3 S Rated apparent 5 kVA 6 kVA 7 kVA 8 kVA 9 kVA power 7 kw Pacr Rated active power 5 kw 6 kw 8 kw 9 kw Active power at cos phi 0 95 Active power at k 4 5 kW 5 4 kW 6 3 kW 7 2 kW 8 1 kW cos phi 0 90 Reactive power 0 3 0 kVAr 0 3 6 kVAr
26. Cos phi 1 3 At symmetric input configuration 2 To utilise the full range asymmetrical layouts must be considered SPL Sound Pressure Level at 1 m under normal operating 5 including start up voltage for at least 1 string Achieving nominal conditions Measured at 25 C power will depend on configuration Parameter FLX series Parallel mode Yes Interface Ethernet Web interface RS 485 Options GSM Option Kit Sensor Interface Option PLA Option PV Sweep Yes Overload operation Change of operating point Grid supportive functionality Fault ride through Active power control Integrated or via external device Reactive power control Yes DC short circuit protection Yes Table 5 3 Inverter Features and Functionalities 9 Remote control via external device Parameter FLX series Electrical Safety protective class Class grounded PELV on the communi i Class Il cation and control card Overvoltage categories Grid OVC III PV OVC II Functional Islanding detection loss Disconnection of mains 3 phase monitoring ROCOF e Active frequency shift Table 5 4 Safety Specifications L00410605 02_02 Rev date 2013 11 22 39 Technical Data 5 1 2 Efficiency The efficiency has been measured with a power analyser over a period of 250 s at 25 C and 230 V AC grid The efficiency graphs for the individual types in the FLX series inverter range are depicted below Graphs and table pending Not
27. MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE SOLAR INVERTERS FLX Series www danfoss com solar Contents Contents T1introduction s 2 Inverter Overview 2 2 Mechanical Overview of the Inverter 5 2 3 Description of the Inverter 239 Defating a a ushanas a aba RR lid e c 2 3 7 Yield Improving Features csl 2S T VEV SWEEP C naea eee ee LLLI Sc t pool 2 3 7 2 Adaptive Consumption Compensation ACC 2 2 3 7 3 Dynamic Power Distribution DPD 12 2 3 8 Internal Overvoltage Protection 12 2 6 1 Active Reactive Power Theory 2 7 Ancillary Services Overview nnd 2 8 Dynamic Network Support FRT nd 2 9 Active Power Control 5 s 2 9 1 Fixed Limit 19 2 10 3 Remotely Controlled Adjustment of Reactive Power 21 3 System Planning 23 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Contents 32DCSide EU 3 2 1 Requirements for PV Connection Ls 3 22 Determining Sizing Factor for PV System sss 3 2 3 Thin Film 30 33A Side RN RR CERRAR 31 3 3 1 Requirements for AC Connection 70 31 3 3 2 Dimensioning of External Circuits rre 3 3 3 Grid Impedance mannii de 4 Options and Communication Interfaces 33 1 SI rr TRE RE 4 2 2 Irradiation Sensor 34 4 2 3 Energy Meter Sensor 0 e oc esee 24 ut d ERR 4 vL ng a 4 2 6 Self consumption 34 5TechnicalData y y y
28. a GSM board and set up data upload or messaging from the inverter PLA Option Guide for information required to install and set up PLA option for connecting radio ripple control receiver to the inverter Fan Installation Instruction for information required to replace a fan These documents are available from the download area at www danfoss com solar or from the supplier of the solar inverter Additional application specific information is available at the same location Chapter Content 2 5 Functionality and specifications of the inverter 3 System design pre installation and planning consider ations 4 Options Table 1 1 Content Overview Functional safety and grid management parameters are password protected 1 1 List of Symbols Symbol Explanatory note Italics 1 Indicates reference to a section of the present manual 2 Italics are also used to indicate an operation mode e g operation mode Connecting 1 Encloses a path of menu navigation 2 Also used to enclose abbreviations such s kW used in text x superscripted in headlines Plant Menu item accessible at plant level as Indicates security level Group Menu item accessible at group level or above Inverter Menu item accessible at inverter level or above gt Indicates a step within menu navigation es Note useful information 9 LEE Name of plant group or inverter in e mail message eg plant name
29. ccess required Level 2 Installer or service technician Password extended access required Throughout the manual a 0 1 or 2 inserted after the menu item indicates the minimum security level required for access When logged on to the web interface as Admin access is at security level 0 Access to levels 1 and 2 requires a service logon comprising a user ID and a password The service logon provides direct access to a specific security level for the duration of the current day Obtain the service logon from Danfoss Enter the logon via the display or the web interface logon dialog When the service task is complete log off at Setup gt Security The inverter automatically logs the user off after 10 minutes of inactivity L00410605 02_02 Rev date 2013 11 22 13 Inverter Overview Security levels are similar on the display and the web interface A security level grants access to all menu items at the same level as well as all menu items of a lower security level NOTIC The display activates up to 10 seconds after power up The integrated display on the inverter front gives the user access to information about the PV system and the inverter The display has 2 modes 1 Normal The display is in use 2 Power saving After 10 minutes of display inactivity the back light of the display turns off to save power Reactivate the display by pressing any key
30. display or web interface and or communication logging Irradiation sensor Internal use for temperature correction of irradiation measurement temperature Table 4 1 Temperature Sensor Inputs The supported temperature sensor type is PT1000 4 2 2 Irradiation Sensor The irradiation measurement is read out via the display or web interface and or communication logging The supported irradiation sensor type is passive with a max output voltage of 150 mV 4 2 3 Energy Meter Sensor SO The energy meter input is read out via the display or via the web interface and communication logging The supported energy meter is supported according to EN62053 31 Annex D SO is a logical count input Energy meters with 1000 or 5000 pulses per kWh and with a minimum pulse width of 100 ms are supported 4 2 4 Relay Output The relay output can be used for either of the following purposes e as trigger for an alarm or as trigger for self consumption The relay is potential free Type NO Normally Open 4 2 5 Alarm The relay can trigger a visual alarm and or an audible alarm device to indicate events of various inverters to see which ones refer to the FLX User Guide p 4 2 6 Self consumption Based on a configurable amount of inverter output power or time of day the relay can be set to trigger a consumption load eg washing machine heater etc Once triggered the relay remains closed until the inverter disc
31. ent leads or lags in relation to the voltage Utility companies have an interest in controlling reactive power in their grids for example in Compensation for inductive loading by injection of capacitive reactive power Voltage control To compensate for this a generator exchanging reactive power operates either at a lagging power factor also known as overexcited or at a leading power factor also known as underexcited The technical definition of reactive power based on the definition of apparent power is 16 L00410605 02_02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Inverter Overview Active power P measured in Watts W Reactive power Q measured in volt ampere reactive VAr Apparent power S is the vector sum of P and Q and is measured in volt ampere VA g is the angle between current and voltage and thus between P and S o WAS 150AA054 11 Q VAr p P W Illustration 2 19 Reactive Power In the inverter the reactive power is defined either as Q The amount of reactive power as a percentage of the nominal apparent power of the inverter PF Power Factor The ratio between P and S P S also referred to as Cos q Displacement Power Factor at fundamental frequency Dafoe 2 7 Ancillary Services Overview The following table outlines the individual ancillary services FLX Pro Apparent Power S Fixed limit V Active Power P Fixed limit V Remotely contr
32. ical Data Parameter Tool Tightening Torque body 2 M32 cable gland Wrench 42 mm 5 0 Nm a eee m 3 Terminals on AC Pozidriv PZ2 or 2 0 4 0 Nm i terminal block Straight slot 1 0 x 5 5 mm 4 PE Torx TX 20 or 2 2 Nm Straight slot 1 0 x 5 5 mm Table 5 13 Nm Specifications 2 5 5 8 Mains Circuit Specifications Illustration 5 11 Overview of Inverter with Torque Indications 2 FLX series 5 6 7 s o as 5 7 Recommended blow fuse type gL gG 10A 13A 13A 13A 16A 16A 20A 25A 32A Recommended automatic fuse type B or C 16A 16A 16A 20A 20A 20A 25A 25A 32A Table 5 14 Mains Circuit Specifications Always choose fuses according to national regulations 5 9 Auxiliary Interface Specifications Interface Parameter Parameter Details Specification RS 485 and Ethernet Cable Cable jacket diameter 2 2x5 7 mm Cable type Shielded Twisted Pair STP CAT 5e or SFTP CAT 5e 2 Cable characteristic impedance 100 Q 120 Q RJ 45 connectors Wire gauge 24 26 AWG depending on mating 2pcs RJ 45 for RS 485 pom 1 metallic RJ 45 plug Galvanic interface insulation O eow O OS Direct contact protection Double Reinforced insulation RS 485 only Cable Max cable length Max number of inverter nodes Ethernet only Communication Network topology Star and daisy chain Cable Max cable length bet
33. ilable For further information about PV over sizing and related consequences see 3 2 2 Determining Sizing Factor for PV System 150AA080 10 9 E Z E Illustration 3 2 Max Nom Converted PV Input Power Total 1 Operating range for each individual MPP tracker 2 Zmpptmax Converted Reversed Polarity The inverter is protected against reversed polarity and will not generate power until the polarity is correct Reversed polarity damages neither the inverter nor the connectors ACAUTION Remember to disconnect the PV load switch before correcting polarity PV to Earth Resistance Monitoring of the PV to earth resistance is implemented for all grid codes as supplying energy to the grid with too low a resistance could be harmful to the inverter and or the PV modules PV modules designed according to the IEC61215 standard are only tested to a specific resistance of minimum 40 MO m2 Therefore for a 24 kWp power plant with a 1496 PV module efficiency the total area of the modules yields 171 m which again yields a minimum resistance of 40 MO m 171 m 234 kO 24 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 System Planning The PV design must be within the required limit of the applied grid code See 2 3 4 International Inverter PV modules 4 strings in parallel or 3 1 string or 2 in parallel o Nr Earthing It is not possible to earth any of the termina
34. ion class IP65 Max operating altitude 2000 m above sea level Installation Avoid constant stream of water Avoid direct sunlight Ensure adequate air flow Mount on non flammable surface Mount upright on vertical surface Prevent dust and ammonia gases The FLX inverter is an outdoor unit Table 5 7 Conditions for Installation Parameter Condition Specification Mounting plate Hole diameter 30 x 9 mm Alignment Perpendicular 5 all angles Table 5 8 Mounting Plate Specifications 5 5 Mains Circuit Specifications FLX series aee Table 5 9 Mains Circuit Specifications Always choose fuses according to national regulations L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 41 Technical Data 5 6 Cable Specifications NOTIC aere Avoid power loss in cables greater than 196 of the Table states only cable lengths less than 100 m nominal inverter rating by following the values stated in the tables and illustrations Specification FLX series AC cable maximum AC cable size length m AC cable type 5 wire copper cable AC cable outer diameter 18 25 mm Table 5 10 AC Cable Specifications Using cable with a diameter less than 4 mm is not recommended 2 Using cable with a diameter less than 6 mm is not recommended Specification FLX series DC cable type Min 1000 V 13 5 A DC cable length DC cable size 4 mm 200 m 48 Q km DC cable size 6
35. ired in addition to the built in RCMU a 300 mA RCD type B must be used to il avoid tripping IT systems are not supported NOTIC When using TN C earthing to avoid earth currents in the communication cable ensure identical earthing potential 0 of all inverters 230 235 240 245 250 255 Uac IV 3 32 Dimensioning of External Circuits Illustration 3 11 Maximum Permitted Grid Impedance as Function of No load Voltage No consumer load should be applied between the mains circuit breaker and the inverter An overload of the cable may not be recognised by the cable fuse see 2 3 1 Functional Overview Always use separate fuses for consumer loads Use dedicated circuit breakers with load switch functionality for load switching Threaded fuse elements like Diazed and Neozed are not considered adequate as a load switch Fuse holder may be damaged if dismounted under load Use the PV load switch to turn off the inverter before removing replacing the fuse elements The selection of the mains circuit breaker rating depends on the wiring design wire cross sectional area cable type wiring method ambient temperature inverter current rating etc Derating of the circuit breaker rating may occur due to self heating or if exposed to heat For mains circuit specifications see 5 5 Mains Circuit Specifi cations For information about cable requirements see 5 6 Cable Specifications 3 3 3 Grid Impedance The grid impedance must corres
36. le 3 4 Compensation for Altitude NOTIC PELV protection is effective up to 2000 m above sea level only Account for other altitude related factors such as increased irradiation Optimise reliability and lifetime by mounting the inverter in a location with low ambient temperature NOTIC For calculation of ventilation use maximum heat dissipation of 600 W per inverter 3 2 6 Simulation of PV Contact the supplier before connecting the inverter to a power supply for testing purposes e g simulation of PV The inverter has built in functionalities that may harm the power supply 3 3 AC Side 3 3 1 Requirements for AC Connection ACAUTION Always follow local rules and regulations The inverters are designed with a 3 phased neutral and protective earth AC grid interface for operation under the following conditions Parameter Nominal Min Max Grid voltage phase 230 V 184 V 276 V neutral 20 50 Hz Grid frequency 45 Hz 55 Hz 10 Table 3 5 AC Operating Conditions L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 31 System Planning i When choosing grid code the parameters in the above Zaia 2 o specification will be limited to comply with the specific 3 5 grid codes Se E EE Earthing systems 2 N 6k g The inverters can operate on TN S TN C TN C S and TT S lt Saa 7k systems NOTIC Where an external RCD is requ
37. lely Ethernet NOTIC Ethernet is recommended for faster communication RS 485 is required when a weblogger or datalogger is connected to the inverter 1 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 47 Danfoss Solar Inverters A S Nordborgvej 81 DK 6430 Nordborg Denmark Tel 45 7488 1300 Fax 45 7488 1301 E mail solar inverters danfoss com www danfoss com solar Danfoss can accept no responsibility for possible errors in catalogues brochures and other printed material Danfoss reserves the right to alter its products without notice This also applies to products already on order provided that such alterations can be made without subsequential changes being necessary in specifications already agreed All trademarks in this material are property of the respective companies Danfoss and the Danfoss logotype are trademarks of Danfoss A S All rights reserved Rev date 2013 11 22 Lit No L00410605 02 02
38. ls of the PV arrays However it may be compulsory to earth all conductive materials e g the mounting system to comply with the general codes for electrical installations Parallel Connection of PV Arrays The PV inputs of the inverter can be externally connected in parallel The advantages and disadvantages of parallel connection are Advantages Layout flexibility Parallel connection makes it possible to apply a single 2 wire cable from the PV array to the inverter reduces the instal lation cost Parallel connection makes it possible to use only 1 cable for longer distances reduces cable cost Increases the layout possibilities in order to perform overdimensioning Disadvantages Monitoring of each individual string is not possible String fuses string diodes may be necessary to avoid risk of backfeed current After making the physical connection the inverter carries out an autotest of the PV configuration and configures itself accordingly If the PV input configuration is set to automatic default setting the inverter will detect the parallel and individual strings by itself as described If the PV input configuration is set to manual the user must configure each PV input to either parallel or individual according to the actual wiring The following graphics represent examples of different parallel mode configurations All graphics are simplified and they only show
39. lt 14 T D 12 10 i 8 v oO gt 6 4 2 0 40 45 50 55 60 65 Temperature C Upv 800V MM Upv 700V mcum Upv 490V Illustration 2 11 Derating Temperature FLX 15 lt lt lt o z 2 S 8 6 4 2 0 I 40 45 50 55 60 65 Temperature C Upv 800V MM Upv 700V SS Upv 490V Illustration 2 12 Derating Temperature FLX 17 3 Grid Overvoltage When the grid voltage exceeds a DNO defined limit U7 the inverter derates the output power If the grid voltage increases and exceeds the defined limit 710 min mean U2 the inverter ceases to energise the grid in order to maintain power quality and protect other equipment connected to the grid i P W S lt lt a U V U1 U2 V Illustration 2 13 Grid Voltage above Limit Set by DNO U1 Fixed U2 Trip Limit At grid voltages lower than the nominal voltage 230 V the inverter will derate to avoid exceeding the current limit P B EN t Prom l S lt 10 4 s n 0 9 08 0 7 4 T WC 0 8 0 9 1 0 14 12 U U nom Illustration 2 14 Grid Voltage Lower than Unom 2 3 6 MPPT A Maximum Power Point Tracker MPPT is an algorithm which is constantly trying to maximise the output from the PV array The algorithm updates the PV voltage fast enough to follow rapid changes in solar irradiance Graph pending Not ready before manual closure 2 3 7 Yield Improvi
40. mm 200 300 m 3 4 Q km Mating connector Sunclix PV CM S 2 5 6 PV CM S 2 5 6 Table 5 11 DC Cable Specifications The distance between inverter and PV array and back plus the cumulative length of the cables used for PV array installation Consider also the following when choosing cable type and cross sectional area e Ambient temperature Layout type inside wall under ground free air etc UV resistance 42 L00410605 02_02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Technical Data 0 75 0 5 0 25 40 50 160AA074 10 Illustration 5 1 FLX Series 5 Cable Losses versus Cable Length m 0 75 0 5 0 25 30 40 50 70 80 160AA067 10 m Illustration 5 2 FLX Series 6 Cable Losses 96 versus Cable Length m 26 1 T z 0 75 0 5 4 025 2 5 mm Set 4mm2 terest 6mm 0 l l l l l 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 160AA075 10 m Illustration 5 3 FLX Series 7 Cable Losses 96 versus Cable Length m L00410605 02_02 Rev date 2013 11 22 i o 26 c o eo 1 T z 7 7 S 0 75 y 4 0 5 2 0 25 2 5mm Bee Sheek 4mm eI 6mm 0 l l l l l 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 m Illustration 5 4 FLX Series 8 Cable Losses versus Cable Length m 0 75 0 5 0 25 x e lt T lt o p a
41. ng Features 2 3 7 1 PV Sweep The characteristic power curve of a PV string is non linear and in situations where PV panels are partly shadowed for example by a tree or a chimney the curve can have more than 1 local maximum power point local MPP Only 1 of the points is the true global maximum power point global L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 11 Inverter Overview MPP Using PV sweep the inverter locates the global MPP rather than just the local MPP The inverter then maintains production at the optimum point the global MPP Poc W i 9 150AA037 11 Illustration 2 15 Inverter Output Power W versus Voltage V Fully irradiated solar panels Global MPP Partly shaded solar panels Local MPP 1 2 3 Partly shaded solar panels Global MPP 4 Cloudy conditions Global MPP PV sweep functionality comprises 2 options of scanning the entire curve Standard sweep regular sweep at a pre programmed interval Advanced sweep sweep for a period with a user defined interval Standard Sweep Use standard sweep to optimise yield when there are permanent shadows on the PV panel The characteristic will then be scanned at the defined interval to ensure production remains at the global MPP Advanced Sweep Advanced PV Sweep is a standard PV sweep functionality extension The FLX series inverter can be programmed to perform a PV sweep for a period with a user defined
42. nique and defined at the factory 160AA059 10 Illustration 5 13 RJ 45 Pinout Detail for RS 485 46 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Technical Data 160AA059 10 Illustration 5 14 RJ 45 Pinout Detail for RS 485 Colour Standard Pinout Cat 5 Cat 5 Ethernet T 568A T 568B 1 RX Green white Orange white 2 RX Green Orange 3 TX Orange white Green white 4 Blue Blue 5 Blue white Blue white 6 TX Orange Green 7 Brown white Brown white 8 Brown Brown 9 Screen Screen 5 10 1 Network Topology The inverter has 2 Ethernet RJ 45 connectors enabling the connection of several inverters in a line topology as an alternative to the typical star topology The 2 ports are similar and may be used interchangeably For RS 485 only linear daisy chain connections can be used NOTIC Ring topology is not permitted i e S e lt lt S RE en 4 5 Sea 4 Os e000 a Illustration 5 15 Network Topology Linear Daisy Chain Star Topology Ring Topology not permitted 4 Ethernet Switch NOTIC The 2 network types cannot be mixed The inverters can only be connected in networks which are either solely RS 485 or so
43. nit Riso Insulation Resistance ROCOF Rate Of Change Of Frequency Q Q is the symbol for reactive power and is measured in reactive volt amperes VAr S S is the symbol for apparent power and is measured in volt amperes VA STC Standard test conditions SW Software THD Total Harmonic Distortion TN S Terra Neutral Separate AC Network TN C Terra Neutral Combined AC Network TN C S Terra Neutral Combined Separate AC Network TT Terra Terra AC Network Table 1 3 Abbreviations 1 3 Software Version This manual is applicable for inverter software 2 05 and onwards To see the software version via the display or web interface inverter level go to Status gt Inverter gt Serial no and SW ver Inverter L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Inverter Overview 2 Inverter Overview 2 1 FLX Series Inverter Features Type IP65 enclosure PV load switch Sunclix connectors for PV input Access via the display for configuration and monitoring of the inverter Ancillary service functionalities Refer to 2 6 Ancillary Services for details Access via web interface for configuration and monitoring of the inverter FLX Pro 17 PV input 1000 VDC max 3x 13 5 A Output 250 800 VDC MPP 3P N PE 230 400V 50 Hz Class S nom 17 kVA 3 x 25 6 A max P nom cos Phi 1 17 0 kW P nom cos Phi 0 95 16 2 kW P nom cos Phi 0 90 15 3 kW Chassis IP65 Temp 25 C to 60 C CE 13
44. nnection point Overvoltage category according to EN50178 AC side Category Ill PV side Category Il Table 3 3 Overvoltage Category ACAUTION When mounting the inverter on a grounded metallic surface ensure that the inverter s earthing point and mounting plate are directly connected Failure to do so can potentially result in material damage to the inverter via arcing between the mounting plate and the inverter enclosure Description of PV Overvoltage Protection Functionality PV overvoltage protection is a feature that actively protects the inverter against overvoltage The function is independent of grid connection and remains active as long as the inverter is fully functional During normal operation the MPP voltage will be in the 220 800 V range and the PV overvoltage protection remains inactive If the inverter is disconnected from grid the PV voltage will be in an open circuit scenario no MPP tracking Under these conditions and with high irradiation and low module temperature the voltage may rise and exceed 900 V potentially stressing the inverter At this point overvoltage protection activates When the PV overvoltage protection activates the input voltage is virtually short circuited and forced to reduce to approximately 5 V Just enough power remains to supply the internal circuits The input voltage reduction is performed within 1 0 ms When the normal grid condition is re established the inverter will exit the
45. nverter Overview immunity All functional safety circuits are tested during start up to ensure safe operation If a circuit fails more than 1 out of 3 times during the self test the inverter enters fail safe mode If the measured grid voltages grid frequencies or residual current during normal operation differ too much between the 2 independent circuits the inverter ceases to energise the grid and repeats the self test The functional safety circuits are always activated and cannot be disabled Grid Surveillance Grid related matters are under constant surveillance when the inverter energises the grid The following parameters are monitored Grid voltage magnitude instantaneous and 10 minute average Grid voltage and frequency 3 phase Loss of Mains LoM detection Rate of Change of Frequency ROCOF DC content of grid current Residual Current Monitoring Unit RCMU Active frequency shift The inverter ceases to energise the grid if 1 of the parameters violates the grid code Self test The insulation resistance between the PV arrays and earth is also tested during the self test The inverter will not energise the grid if the resistance is too low It will then wait 10 minutes before making a new attempt to energise the grid 2 3 3 Operation Modes The inverter has 4 operation modes indicated by LEDs Off grid LEDs off When no power has been delivered to the AC grid for more than 10 minu
46. olled PLA PLA option CLX GM CLX Home GM2 CLX Standard GM Reactive Power Q Constant Q or PF V Dynamic Q U J Dynamic PF P V Remotely controlled Q or PF PLA option CLX GM CLX Home GM CLX Standard GM Closed loop control Q or PF v4 Table 2 2 Grid Management 1 Ethernet max 100 inverters per network 2 RS 485 max 3 inverters per network 3 RS 485 max 20 inverters per network 4 By 3 party product NOTIC Check local legal requirements before changing settings for ancillary services 2 8 Dynamic Network Support FRT The grid voltage usually has a smooth waveform but occasionally the voltage drops or disappears for several milliseconds This is often due to short circuit of overhead lines or caused by operation of switchgear or similar in the high voltage transmission lines In such cases the inverter can continue to supply power to the grid using fault ride through FRT functionality Continuous power supply to the grid is essential To help prevent a complete voltage blackout and stabilise the voltage in the grid To increase the energy delivered to the AC grid Zero Current Setting For special requirements from the DNO a zero current LVRT option is available It provides no current in fault ride through situations The inverter has a high immunity against voltage distur bances as depicted in 2 8 1 Example Germany MV L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 17
47. oltage protection returning MPP voltage to a level in the 250 800 V range 12 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Inverter Overview Intermediate Overvoltage Protection During start up before the inverter is connected to grid and while PV is charging the intermediate circuit the overvoltage protection may be activated to prevent overvoltage in the intermediate circuit 2 4 Functional Safety Settings The inverter is designed for international use and it can handle a wide range of requirements related to functional safety and grid behaviour Parameters for functional safety and some grid code parameters are predefined and do not require any alteration during installation However some grid code parameters will require alterations during instal lation to allow optimisation of the local grid To meet these different requirements the inverter is equipped with preset grid codes to accommodate standard settings Since alteration of parameters can result in violation of legal requirements as well as affect the grid negatively and reduce inverter yield alterations are password protected Depending on parameter type some alterations are restricted to factory changes In case of parameters used for optimisation of the local grid alterations are allowed for installers Alterations of parameters will automatically alter the grid code to Custom Follow the procedure described below for each change of grid code either directly o
48. onnects from grid eg at the end of the day unless a turn off time is defined To avoid overloading the internal relay it must be ensured that the external load does not exceed the capability of the internal relay refer to Sensor Interface Option Instal lation Guide For loads exceeding the internal relay capability an auxiliary contactor must be used 4 3 GSM Option Kit With the GSM option kit the FLX inverter can upload to a data warehouse via FTP and GPRS connection Items supplied GSM option 1 antenna cable 2 and antenna 3 see Illustration 4 3 Additional requirement Active SIM card with PIN code 160AA025 10 I a D Illustration 4 3 Items Supplied GSM Option Kit For information regarding installation and setup refer to the GSM Option Kit Installation Guide 34 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Options and Communication l 160AA020 10 1 2 Illustration 4 4 GSM Option 1 Antenna cable connection point SIM card slot 160AA026 10 B je A f Ed T 9999 tb off and moe Le e ayha 50 enny Gri galaa a lo q F Vw I D m 42 d Illustration 4 5 Correctly Mounted GSM Option with
49. otely controlled adjustment of the DNO signal interface radio receiver and the inverter the output power level This is the Power Level Adjustment The master inverter can be configured to interpret the function PLA The inverter can handle the control of DNO signal information and will automatically distribute output power or it can be handled by CLX monitoring and the commanded output power level PLA to all followers grid management products or 3 party external device in the network See Illustration 2 23 160AA057 10 0000 w w w N ONG Ethernet II N CY Illustration 2 23 Example Managing Ancillary services 1 DNO interface radio receiver external device send PLA commands directly to the Danfoss CLX GM inverter e g via the RS 485 interface Each inverter then Measurement Point uses this information to determine its output power limit Both Danfoss and 3 4 party products are available for FLX with CLX monitoring and grid management products external control for more information about relevant or 3 party external device products see the supplier manuals See Illustration 2 24 Based on the input from a DNO signal interface CLX monitoring and grid management products or 3 party 160AA035 10 WW BEEN BEEN R485 Z ZRR RRRRBB M L V
50. pecific investment costs kWp but could have lower specific yield kWh kWp due to derating losses in the inverter excessive DC power or overheating and so lower income Small sizing factors result in greater investment costs However specific yield is potentially greater due to little or no derating loss Installations in regions with irradiance levels over 1000 W m are frequently experienced If hot ambient temper atures are not expected during the irradiance peaks these installations should have lower levels of sizing factor than installations in regions where this irradiance level is infrequent Dant A lower sizing factor should be considered for tracking systems because tracking systems allow more frequent high irradiance levels In addition derating due to overheating of the inverter should be considered for tracking systems in hot climates and could also reduce the recommended sizing factor FLX supports different sizing factors Each PV input can support up to 8000 W with a maximum short circuit current of 13 5 A an MPP current of 12 A and an open circuit voltage of 1000 V DC 3 2 3 Thin Film The use of FLX series inverters with thin film modules has been approved by some manufacturers Declarations and approvals can be found at www danfoss com solar If no declaration is available for the preferred module it is important to obtain approval from the module manufacturer before installing thin film modules
51. perating on inverter level measuring the output power of the unit and delivering reactive power accordingly See Illustration 2 23 Setpoint curve Q U The inverter controls reactive power as a function of the grid voltage U The values for the setpoint curve are determined by the local utility company and must be obtained from them The Q U curve is configured on plant level The master measures grid voltage and determines and delivers reactive P Q accordingly The Q value is sent to all followers in the network See Illustration 2 23 2 10 3 Remotely Controlled Adjustment of Reactive Power All inverters support remotely controlled adjustment of reactive power FLX series inverter When using the master functionality to manage the control of reactive power the Danfoss CLX GM or the internal PLA option is needed as interface device between the DNO signal interface radio receiver and the master inverter The master inverter can be configured to interpret the DNO signal information and will automatically distribute the commanded reactive power setpoint to all followers in the network See Illustration 2 23 For more information see the Danfoss CLX GM User Manudl L00410605 02_02 Rev date 2013 11 22 21 Inverter Overview FLX with CLX monitoring and grid management product or 3 party device Based on the input from a DNO signal interface an external device sends reactive power commands directly to the inverter e g via
52. perature If module operating temperature is not well defined check local common practice Also check that the maximum system voltage of the PV modules is not exceeded Highest efficiency can be achieved by designing long strings Special requirements apply to thin film modules See 3 2 3 Thin Film MPP Voltage The string MPP voltage must be within the operational range of the MPPT of the inverter defined by minimum voltage operation MPP 250 V and maximum voltage operating MPP 800 V for the temperature range of the PV modules To utilise the full range asymmetrical layouts must be considered including start up voltage of 250 V for at least 1 string In that case the MPP tracker is active down to a turn off voltage of 220 V Short circuit Current The maximum short circuit current Isc must not exceed the absolute maximum that the inverter is able to withstand Check the specification of the short circuit current at the highest PV module operating temperature Observe the power limits for individual PV inputs However the converted input power will be limited by maximum converted PV input power total 2Pmpptmax and not the sum of maximum PV input power per MPPT Pmpptmax1 Pmpptmax2 Pmpptmax3 Dant Max Nom Converted PV Input Power Total The 2 and or 3 MPP trackers can handle more power in total than the inverter can convert The inverter will limit the power intake by shifting the MPP when surplus PV power is ava
53. pond to the specifications to avoid unintended disconnection from the grid or derating of the output power Ensure that cable dimensions are correct to avoid losses Allow for the no load voltage at the connection point 32 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Options and Communication I 4 Options and Communication Interfaces 4 1 Introduction This chapter describes the communication interfaces and option modules available for the inverter 160AA018 11 Sensor Interface Option GSM Option a ea o o z 3 g lt gt 5 PP P e 99 T 1 i 5 i i g i E j 1 n i i i g F O N O RS485 ETHERNET Illustration 4 1 Location of Sensor Interface Options and Connections on Inverter Comboard
54. r 96 Inrush current 0 5 A 10 ms cosphi Power factor at ud gt 0 99 100 load Controlled power 0 8 over excited factor range 0 8 under excited Standby 2 7 W consumption fr Nominal grid 50 5 Hz frequency range DC Max PV input power ee 8 kW per MPPT Nominal power DC 10 4 kW 12 9 kW 15 5 kW 17 6 kW Vacr Nominal voltage DC 715V Vdemin MPP voltage active Vmppmin tracking rated 220 430 800 V 220 360 800 V 220 430 800 V 220 485 800 V Vmppma power MPP efficiency static 99 9 MPP efficiency 99 7 dynamic Vacmax Max DC voltage 1000 V Vacstart Turn on voltage DC 250 V Vacmin Turn off voltage DC 220 V ldcmax Max MPP current 12 A per PV input Max short circuit current DC at STC 13 5 A per PV input Min on grid power 20W Efficiency Max efficiency Euro efficiency V at dor Other Dimensions H W D inverter incl 667 x 500 x 233 mm 774 x 570 x 356 mm packaging Mounting Mounting plate recommendation Weight inverter K 38 kg 44 kg 39 kg 45 kg incl packaging Acoustic noise level 55 dB A Operation 25 60 C temperature range Nom temperature 25 45 C range 38 L00410605 02_02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Technical Data Nomen Parameter clature FLX series Storage temperature 25 60 C Overload operation Change of operating point Overvoltage Grid OVC III categories PV OVC II Table 5 2 Specifications At rated grid voltage Vac
55. r capability refer to 3 2 2 Determining Sizing Factor I for PV System choice of AC cable protection Ambient conditions such as ventilation 3 2 DC Side 3 2 1 Requirements for PV Connection The nominal maximum input specification per PV input and total is shown in Table 3 1 Parameter FLX series Number of PV inputs Maximum input voltage open Circuit Vacmax Minimum MPP voltage Vvaestart 250 V Turn on voltage DC Maximum MPP voltage Vmppmax 800 V Max nom input current lacmax 12 A per PV input Max short circuit current Isc 13 5 A per PV input Max nom PV input power per 5 2 kW 6 2 kW 7 2 kW 8 kW MPPT Pmpptmax Max nom converted PV input power total ZPmpptmax 5 2 kW 6 2 kW 7 2 kW 8 3 kW 9 3 kW 10 4 kW 12 9 kW 15 5 kW 17 6 W Table 3 1 PV Operating Conditions For asymmetrical layouts consider turn off voltage of 220 V see Table 5 1 and Table 5 2 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 23 System Planning VIA 3 Isc e 250V 12A ES dcmax 667 V 12 A 800 V 10 A 1 L Vdcmax ULV V dcstart V dcmpptmax 1 Operating range per MPP tracker Illustration 3 1 Operating Range per MPP Tracker Maximum Open circuit Voltage The open circuit voltage from the PV strings must not exceed the maximum open circuit voltage limit of the inverter Check the specification of the open circuit voltage at the lowest PV module operating tem
56. r the reduction Parameter Description Upper grid voltage magnitude for FRT lower threshold Lower grid voltage magnitude for engaging level Static reactive Ratio between additional reactive current FRT upper to be injected during the FRT and the depth of the sag k Alp In AU U gt 2 0 p u Duration of period after the sag has power k Transition time cleared where reactive current is still injected Table 2 3 Parameters related to FRT In addition to remaining on grid during the fault the inverter can deliver reactive current to support the grid voltage 2 9 Active Power Control The inverter range supports active power control which is used to control the active output power of the inverter The control methods of the active output power are described below 2 9 1 Fixed Limit To ensure that the PV system is not producing more power than allowed the output power can be limited to a fixed upper level set as e Absolute value W Percentage based on total installed PV power Percentage based on nominal AC output power 96 2 9 2 Dynamic Value The output power is reduced as a variable of the grid frequency There are 2 methods for reducing the output power ramp and hysteresis The grid code setting determines which method is implemented in a specific installation Primary frequency control ramp method The inverter reduces output power if the grid frequency exceeds f
57. r via changes to other functional safety settings For more information refer to 2 3 4 Interna tional Inverter Procedure for PV plant owner 1 Determine the desired grid code setting The person responsible for the decision to change the grid code accepts full responsibility for any future conflicts 2 Order the change of setting with the authorised technician Procedure for authorised technician 1 Contact the service hotline to obtain a 24 hour level 2 password and username 2 Access and change the grid code setting via the web interface or the display 3 Complete and sign the form Change of Functional Safety Parameters For access via web server Dant Generate a settings report Fill out the form generated by the web interface on the PC 4 Send the following to the DNO The form Change of Functional Safety Parameters completed and signed Letter requesting copy of authorisation to be sent to the PV plant owner 2 5 User Interfaces The user interface comprises Local display Enables manual setup of the inverter Web interface Enables access to multiple inverters via Ethernet For access and menu information refer to the FLX User Guide 2 5 1 Security Level 3 predefined security levels filter user access to menus and options Security levels Level 0 General access No password is required Level 1 Installer or service technician Password a
58. s issues with the grid See 2 6 Ancillary Services for more information 2 Rate of change of frequency ROCOF The ROCOF values positive or negative are compared to the trip settings and the inverter ceases to energise the grid when the limits are violated During temperature derating the output power may e Residual current is monitored The inverter ceases fluctuate to energise the grid when the cycle RMS value of the residual current violates the trip settings for more than the duration of clearance time or 1 PV Overcurrent For the inverter the maximum MPPT PV current is 12 A When a PV current of 12 3 A is reached the inverter will start to derate the input power Above 13 A the inverter e a sudden jump in the DC value of the will trip residual current is detected 2 Internal Overtemperature Derating due to temperature is a sign of excessive ambient temperature a dirty heat sink a blocked fan or similar Refer to the FLX Installation Guide regarding maintenance The values shown in the graphs below are measured at nominal conditions cos 1 Earth to PV isolation resistance is monitored during start up of the inverter If the value is too low the inverter will wait 10 minutes and then make a new attempt to energise the grid Note Depending on the local legislation a minimum earth to PV isolation resistance is defined The defined value is offset by 20 in the range of 100 kO 1 MO and by 40
59. s for more detailed information 2 5 2 Web Interface Refer also to the FLX User Guide for setup and more detailed information The FLX series inverter is equipped with an integrated datalogger and a web interface Up to 100 inverters can work together in a master follower network The master can be connected via Ethernet to a PC or to a router Access the interface through a web browser Microsoft Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox or Google Chrome 14 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 Inverter Overview FLX Web Server by Danfoss Solar Inverters Performance graphs Daily Monthly Annual Plant overview Group overview v Inverter view M Overview TEES Inverters Production graphs Plant status Production 17 83 kWh Revenue Hourly n Network OK 2 2 Consumption 0 00 Wh Cost Daily Monthly Annual Language Contact Logout Security level 0 Danfoss Solar Inverters Illustration 2 17 Overview Monitoring and configuration on plant level down to inverter level can be performed For example providing information about Production Revenue CO2 savings Performance Status overview Logs of the plant Further commissioning of single or multiple inverters can be performed The configuration wizard will configure all inverters found in the network Replication of settings will copy the
60. solar cell charac teristics as well as the environmental conditions have to be taken into consideration An external combiner box is needed in this configuration Fuses may be needed Parallel String 6 Cells 23 modules Voc 1000 Impp 8 32 A P 5 75 kWp per string Module in the example 250 Wp In this configuration there are 7 7 kWp per MPPT 23 kWp 135 sizing factor for FLX 17 i 160AA045 10 lupe ovis 12A wep pve S 12A upp pvs lt 12A lue S 31 5A Illustration 3 10 Case 3 Example 2 Parallel Connection with 1 Common MPPT Tracker This is an example with 5 cell modules Each plant has to be designed individually and the specific solar cell charac teristics as well as the environmental conditions have to be taken into consideration An external combiner box is needed in this configuration Fuses may be needed Parallel String 5 Cells 18 modules Voc 1000 Inom 5 25 A P 3 51 kWp per string Modules used 195 Wp high performance modules among 5 cells 6 strings of 19 modules are possible 3 7 kWp per string Max peak power 6 x 19 x 195 Wp 22 23 kWp 130 sizing factor for FLX 17 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 29 System Planning PV Cable Dimensions and Layout The power loss in the PV cables should not exceed 196 of nominal value in order to a
61. t Sensor interface option Energy meter input Irradiation sensor input Temperature sensor inputs 3 x PT1000 Relay output for triggering alarm or self consumption GSM option Antenna input SIM card input PLA option 6 digital inputs e g for connecting ripple control receiver for controlling active and reactive power 6 L00410605 02_02 Rev date 2013 11 22 i Inverter Overview 160AA002 11 O O O O O ETHERNET PELV Safe to touch RS 485 interface Option slot A can be used for GSM option optional sensor interface or PLA option Option slot A can be used for GSM option optional sensor interface or PLA option Live Part 5 PV connection area 6 Communication board 7 AC terminal Other Security screw position PV load switch Security screw position Illustration 2 3 Overview of Installation Area 2 3 2 Functional Safety Single fault Immunity The functional safety circuit is designed with 2 independent monitoring units each having control of a set of grid separation relays to guarantee single fault The inverter is designed for international use with functional safety circuit design meeting a wide range of international requirements see 2 3 4 International Inverter L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 7 2 I
62. tes the inverter disconnects from the grid and shuts down Off grid standby is the default night mode Off grid standby mode LEDs off The inverter is disconnected from grid User and communication interfaces remain powered for communication purposes Connecting Green LED flashing The inverter starts up when the PV input voltage reaches 250 V The inverter performs a series of internal self tests including PV autodetection and measurement of the resistance between the PV arrays and earth Meanwhile it Dant also monitors the grid parameters When the grid parameters have been within the specifications for the required amount of time depends on grid code the inverter starts to energise the grid On grid Green LED on The inverter is connected to the grid and energises the grid The inverter disconnects when it detects abnormal grid conditions dependent on grid code or an internal event occurs or insufficient PV power is available no power is supplied to the grid for 10 minutes The inverter then enters connecting mode or off grid mode Fail Safe Red LED flashing If the inverter detects an error in its circuits during the self test in connecting mode or during operation the inverter goes into fail safe mode disconnecting from grid The inverter will remain in fail safe mode until power has been absent for a minimum of 10 minutes or the inverter has been shut down completely AC PV
63. verter with full productivity has the load potential The inverter will not have to cut down to e g 7096 as the plant at PCC is already output reduced due to the shaded section Finally this feature allows increasing the yield by optimising power output under DNO restrictions This feature can be enabled and disabled This feature can be used in combination with ACC and is applicable for up to 10 inverters 2 3 8 Internal Overvoltage Protection PV Overvoltage Protection PV overvoltage protection is a feature that actively protects the inverter against overvoltage The function is independent of grid connection and remains active as long as the inverter is fully functional During normal operation the MPP voltage will be in the 250 800 V range and the PV overvoltage protection remains inactive If the inverter is disconnected from grid the PV voltage will be in an open circuit scenario no MPP tracking Under these conditions and with high irradiation and low module temperature the voltage may rise and exceed 900 V potentially stressing the inverter At this point overvoltage protection activates When the PV overvoltage protection activates the input voltage is virtually short circuited and forced to reduce to approximately 5 V Just enough power remains to supply the internal circuits The input voltage reduction is performed within 1 0 ms When the normal grid condition is re established the inverter will exit the PV overv
64. void losses For an array of 6000 W at 700 V this corresponds to a maximum resistance of 0 98 O Assuming aluminium cable is used 4 mm gt 4 8 O km 6 mm gt 3 4 Q km the maximum length for a 4 mm cable is approximately 200 m and for a 6 mm cable approximately 300 m The total length is defined as twice the physical distance between the inverter and the PV array plus the length of the PV cables included in the modules Avoid looping the DC cables as they can act as an antenna of radio noise emitted by the inverter Cables with positive and negative polarity should be placed side by side with as little space between them as possible This also lowers the induced voltage in case of lightning and reduces the risk of damage DC Max 1000 V 12A Cable length 4 mm 4 8 Q km 200 m Cable length 6 mm 3 4 Q km 200 300 m Table 3 2 Cable Specifications The distance between inverter and PV array and back plus the cumulative length of PV array cabling 3 2 2 Determining Sizing Factor for PV System When determining the PV system size factor a specific analysis is preferred especially for large PV installations Local rules of thumb for choosing the sizing factor can be determined depending on local conditions e g e Local climate e Local legislation System price level To select the optimal configuration sizing factor an investment analysis must be made Big sizing factors will usually reduce s
65. ween 100 m inverters Max number of inverters 100 Table 5 15 Auxiliary Interface Specifications Max number of inverters are 100 If GSM modem is used for portal 2 For outdoor use we recommend outdoor burial type cable if upload the number of inverters in a network is limited to 50 buried in the ground for both Ethernet and RS 485 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 i Technical Data 160AA013 11 nnnnnnnn nnnnnnnn nnnnnnnn nnnnnnnn 1 i O li Bm p E Tu RS485 ETHERNET Illustration 5 12 Auxiliary Interfaces 5 5 10 RS 485 and Ethernet Connections 1 GND 2 GND RS 485 3 RX TX A 9 4 BIASL Terminate the RS 485 communication bus at both ends 5 BIASH e Termination is automatic when no RJ 45 plug is 6 RX TX B inserted into the socket The absence of a mating 7 Not connected connector enables both termination and bias 8 Not connected In rare cases bias is unwanted but termination is 9 Screen required To terminate the RS 485 bus mount a 100 Q termination resistor between pin 3 and 6 Bold Compulsory Cat5 cable contains all 8 wires of an RJ 45 field mountable connector Then For Ethernet 10Base TX and 100Base TX auto cross over insert the connector with resistor into the unused RJ 45 connector The RS 485 address of the inverter is u
66. with the inverters The PV power circuits the boosters of the inverters are based on an inverted asymmetrical boost converter and bipolar DC link The negative potential between the PV arrays and earth is therefore considerably lower compared to other transformerless inverters ACAUTION With certain types of thin film technology module voltage during initial degradation may be higher than the rated voltage in the data sheet This must be taken into consideration when designing the PV system since excessive DC voltage can damage the inverter Module current may also lie above the inverter current limit during the initial degradation In this case the inverter decreases the output power accordingly resulting in lower yield Therefore when designing take inverter and module specifications both before and after initial degradation into consideration 3 2 4 Internal Overvoltage Protection The inverter is manufactured with internal overvoltage protection on the AC and PV side If the PV system is installed on a building with an existing lightning protection system the PV system must also be properly included in the lightning protection system The inverter itself does not include SPD Varistors in the inverter are connected between phase and neutral cables and between PV plus and minus terminals 1 varistor is positioned between the neutral and PE cables 30 L00410605 02 02 Rev date 2013 11 22 System Planning Co

Design Guide FLX Series

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents