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Wireshark Documentation - Bandwidthco Computer Security

1. 50 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description Endpoints Display a list of endpoints traffic to from an address see Sec tion 8 5 2 The Endpoints window IO Graphs Display user specified graphs e g the number of packets in the course of time see Section 8 6 The IO Graphs window Conversation List Display a list of conversations obsoleted by the combined win dow of Conversations above see Section 8 4 3 The protocol specific Conversation List windows Endpoint List Display a list of endpoints obsoleted by the combined window of Endpoints above see Section 8 5 3 The protocol specific End point List windows Service Re sponse Time Display the time between a request and the corresponding re sponse see Section 8 10 Service Response Time ANSI See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows Fax T38 Ana lysis See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows GSM See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows H 225 See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows LTE MAC See Section 8 9 LTE MAC Traffic Statistics MTP3 See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows RTP See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows SCTP See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics win
2. For each supported protocol a tab is shown in this window Each tab label shows the number of end points captured e g the tab label Ethernet 5 tells you that five ethernet endpoints have been cap tured If no endpoints of a specific protocol were captured the tab label will be greyed out although the related page can still be selected Each row in the list shows the statistical values for exactly one endpoint Name resolution will be done if selected in the window and if it is active for the specific protocol layer MAC layer for the selected Ethernet endpoints page As you might have noticed the first row has a name resolution of the first three bytes Netgear the second row s address was resolved to an IP ad dress using ARP and the third was resolved to a broadcast unresolved this would still be ff ff ff ff ff ff the last two Ethernet addresses remain unresolved Limit to display filter will only show conversations matching the current display filter The copy button will copy the list values to the clipboard in CSV Comma Separated Values format Tip This window will be updated frequently so it will be useful even if you open it before or while you are doing a live capture The protocol specific Endpoint List windows Before the combined window described above was available each of its pages was shown as a separate window Even though the combined window is much more convenient to use these separate wi
3. Figure 8 9 The DCE RPC Statistic for window DCE RPC Service Response Time statistics for EPM major version 3 test SEE DCE RPC Service Response Time statistics for EPM major version 3 test pcap Filter ndex Procedure Calls Min SRT Max SRT 4vg SRT Each row corresponds to a method of the interface selected so the EPM interface in version 3 has 7 methods For each method the number of calls and the statistics of the SRT time is calculated 175 Statistics 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows The protocol specific statistics windows display detailed information of specific protocols and might be described in a later version of this document Some of these statistics are described at the http wiki wireshark org Statistics pages 176 Statistics 177 Chapter 9 Customizing Wireshark 9 1 Introduction Wireshark s default behaviour will usually suit your needs pretty well However as you become more familiar with Wireshark it can be customized in various ways to suit your needs even better In this chapter we explore e How to start Wireshark with command line parameters e How to colorize the packet list e How to control protocol dissection e How to use the various preference settings 178 Customizing Wireshark 9 2 Start Wireshark from the command line You can start Wireshark from the command line but it can also be started from most Window managers as
4. Figure 7 2 The Packet Bytes pane with a reassembled tab 08 00 06 ab 04 53 08 00 O06 6b 7f bd 08 SeaecSes sKenneke A 0010 01 48 33 c7 00 OO 1e 11 dd 51 bc aS 08 Oa bc ag eH3 cece Qes 0020 09 32 41 af OF 04 01 34 OO b4 04 OO 2e OO 10 00 s2 sssef sevscece 0030 OO OO 00 OO a0 de 97 Gc d1 11 82 71 00 57 80 fO l G W v Frame 342 bytes Reassembled DCE RPC 1604 bytes Note Reassembling might take place at several protocol layers so it s possible that multiple tabs in the Packet Bytes pane appear Note You will find the reassembled data in the last packet of the chunk An example In a HTTP GET response the requested data e g an HTML page is returned Wireshark will show the hex dump of the data in a new tab Uncompressed entity body in the Packet Bytes pane Reassembling is enabled in the preferences by default The defaults were changed from disabled to en abled in September 2005 If you created your preference settings before this date you might look if reas sembling is actually enabled as it can be extremely helpful while analyzing network packets The enabling or disabling of the reassemble settings of a protocol typically requires two things 152 Advanced Topics 1 the lower level protocol e g TCP must support reassembly Often this reassembly can be enabled or disabled via the protocol preferences 2 the higher level protocol e g HTTP must use the reassembly mech
5. c lt packet count gt stop after n packets def infinite a lt autostop cond gt duration NUM stop after NUM seconds filesize NUM stop this file after NUM KB files NUM stop after NUM files Capture output b lt ringbuffer opt gt duration NUM switch to next file after NUM secs filesize NUM switch to next file after NUM KB files NUM ringbuffer replace after NUM files Input file r lt infile gt set the filename to read from no pipes or stdin Processing R lt read filter gt packet filter in Wireshark display filter syntax n disable all name resolutions def all enabled N lt name resolve flags gt enable specific name resolution s mntC User interface g lt packet number gt go to specified packet number after r m lt font gt set the font name used for most text t adlal r d ddle output format of time stamps def r rel to first X lt key gt lt value gt eXtension options see man page for details z lt statistics gt show various statistics see man page for details Output w lt outfile gt set the output filename or for stdout Miscellaneous H display this help and exit display version info and exit P lt key path gt persconf path personal configuration files persdata path personal data files o lt name gt lt value gt override preference or recent setting 179 Customizing Wireshark We will examine each of the command line option
6. 26 Building and Installing Wireshark 27 Chapter 3 User Interface 3 1 Introduction By now you have installed Wireshark and are most likely keen to get started capturing your first packets In the next chapters we will explore e How the Wireshark user interface works e How to capture packets in Wireshark e How to view packets in Wireshark e How to filter packets in Wireshark e and many other things 28 User Interface 3 2 Start Wireshark You can start Wireshark from your shell or window manager v 2 Tip When starting Wireshark it s possible to specify optional settings using the command line See Section 9 2 Start Wireshark from the command line for details Note In the following chapters a lot of screenshots from Wireshark will be shown As Wire shark runs on many different platforms and there are different versions of the underlying GUI toolkit GTK 1 x 2 x used your screen might look different from the provided screenshots But as there are no real differences in functionality these screenshots should still be well understandable 29 User Interface 3 3 The Main window Let s look at Wireshark s user interface Figure 3 1 The Main window shows Wireshark as you would usually see it after some packets are captured or loaded how to do this will be described later Figure 3 1 The Main window test pcap Wireshark File Edit View Go Capture A
7. Figure 5 6 Save old GTK version This is the file save dialog of former Gimp GNOME versions plus some Wireshark exten Wireshark Save Capture File As Lin S10ns Create Dit Delete File Rename File Du subversion acnclude m4 aclocal flags aclocal falback aiepcap h aenl aepcap_loader c debian arpcap_loades h Debug Sepcap_loader oby Debug _GTK1 alert_box c Debug_GTK2 alert_box h dismeter alert_box aby doci AUTHORS Packet Range v Selected packet only 1 w Marked pockets only Allpackets w From first to lest matked pack w Specily a packet range File type Wireshatk tepdump libpcap Selection Tiap subversion OK Cancel With this dialog box you can perform the following actions 93 5 3 2 File Input Output and Printing Type in the name of the file you wish to save the captured packets in as a standard file name in your file system Select the directory to save the file into Select the range of the packets to be saved see Section 5 8 The Packet Range frame Specify the format of the saved capture file by clicking on the File type drop down box You can choose from the types described in Section 5 3 2 Output File Formats 4 The selection of capture formats may be reduced Some capture formats may not be available depending on the packet types captured p File formats can be converted Nu You can convert capture files from one form
8. General statistics about the current capture file Figure 8 1 The Summary window 160 Statistics Wireshark Summary File Name Length Format Packet size limit Time First packet Last packet Elapsed Capture Interface Dropped packets Capture filter Display Display filter Traffic home stig http pcap 1713904 bytes Wireshark tcpdump libpcap 65535 bytes 2007 11 30 20 49 42 2007 11 30 20 50 14 00 00 32 etho unknown none http or dns Captured Displayed Marked Packets Between first and last packet Avg packets sec Avg packet size Bytes Avg bytes sec Avg MBit sec 367 0 19 684 sec 18 645 575 507 bytes asalalr dahil 10730 261 0 086 2239 32 374 sec 69 160 749 467 bytes 1678056 51833 067 0 415 X Close e File general information about the capture file Time the timestamps when the first and the last packet were captured and the time between them 161 Statistics Capture information from the time when the capture was done only available if the packet data was captured from the network and not loaded from a file Display some display related information Traffic some statistics of the network traffic seen If a display filter is set you will see values in the Captured column and if any packages are marked you will see values in the Marked column The values in the Captured column will remain the same as before while
9. eth src 4 00 00 83 00 The example above uses the m format which takes everything from the be ginning of a sequence to offset m It is equivalent to 0 m eth src 4 20 20 The example above uses the n format which takes everything from offset n to the end of the sequence eth src 2 83 The example above uses the n format to specify a single range In this case the element in the sequence at offset n is selected This is equivalent to n 1 eth src 0 3 1 2 4 4 2 00 00 83 00 83 00 00 83 00 20 20 83 Wireshark allows you to string together single ranges in a comma separated list to form compound ranges as shown above 6 4 4 A common mistake A Warning Using the operator on combined expressions like eth addr ip addr tcp port udp port and alike will probably not work as expected Often people use a filter string to display something like ip addr 1 2 3 4 which will display all pack ets containing the IP address 1 2 3 4 Then they use ip addr 1 2 3 4 to see all packets not containing the IP address 1 2 3 4 in it Unfortu nately this does not do the expected Instead that expression will even be true for packets where either source or destination IP address equals 1 2 3 4 The reason for this is that the expression ip addr 1 2 3 4 must be read as the packet contains a field named ip addr with a value different from 1 2 3 4 As an IP datagram contains both a source and a destin
10. juniper atml Juniper ATM1 juniper atm2 Juniper ATM2 redback Redbac k SmartEdge rawip nettl Raw IP with nettl headers ether nettl Et hernet with nettl headers tr nettl fddi nettl unknown ne mtp2 with juniper pp gcom tiel gcom seria x25 nettl k12 K12 juniper ml juniper ml juniper et juniper pp juniper fr juniper ch juniper gg lapd LAP dct2000 ber ASN juniper vp usb Raw ieee 802 1 raw telnet usb linux mpeg MP ppi Per erf Enda bluetooth sita wan sccp SS7 bluetooth Token Ring with nettl headers FDDI with nettl headers ttl Unknown link layer type with nettl headers phdr MTP2 with pseudoheader poe Juniper PPPoE GCOM TIE1 l GCOM Serial X25 with nettl headers protocol analyzer ppp Juniper MLPPP fr Juniper MLFR her Juniper Ethernet p Juniper PPP elay Juniper Frame Relay dlc Juniper C HDLC sn Juniper GGSN D Catapult DCT2000 1 Basic Encoding Juniper Voice USB packets 6 mac cps IEEE 802 16 MAC Common Part Sublayer nettl Raw telnet with nettl headers USB packets with Linux header G Packet Information header ce Record File h4 Bluetooth H4 with linux header SITA WAN packets SCCP hci Bluetooth without transport layer Rules PIC ipmb Intelligent Platform Management Bus wpan IEEE 802 15 4 Wireless PAN x2e xoraya X2E Xoraya flexray FlexRay lin Local Interconnec
11. test pcap Wireshark File Edit View Go Ise a Analyze Statistics Help amp Interfaces S SS See Ay ow gt EIB gt F 2 i aa M Eiter ra trl z gt Expression Ys clear y Apply Restar Destination Protocol Info capture Filters Broadcast ARP Who has 192 168 0 2 Gratuitous No Time 1 0 000000 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 224 0 0 22 IGMP V3 Membership Report A Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 62 bytes captured Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 00 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Transmission Control Protocol Src Port 3196 3196 Dst Port http 80 Seq O Len O Source port 3196 3196 Destination port http 80 Sequence number O relative sequence number Header length 28 bytes Flags Ox0002 SYN Window size 64240 amp amp amp 02 08 00 45 00 OO 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 61 2c cO a8 OO 02 cO a8 00 01 Oc 7c OO 50 3c 36 95 f8 OO GO OO OO 70 02 fa fO 27 e0 00 00 02 04 05 b4 O1 01 04 02 File D test pcap 14 KB 00 00 02 JP 120 D 120 M 0 2 Table 3 6 Capture menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Interfaces This menu item brings up a dialog box that shows what s going on at the network interfaces Wireshark knows of see Section 4 4 The Capture Interfaces dialog box Options Ctrl K This menu item brings up the Capture Options
12. Creates a new field to be used in a protocol 10 4 6 6 1 1 Arguments name Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree abbr Filter name of the field the string that is used in filters type Field Type FT_ valuestring optional base optional mask optional descr optional 10 4 6 6 1 2 Returns A ValueString object The representation BASE _ The bitmask to be used The description of the field The newly created ProtoField object abbr name optional base optional valuestring optional 10 4 6 6 2 ProtoField uint8 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 10 4 6 6 2 1 Arguments Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT A table containing the text that corresponds to the values 235 Lua Support in Wireshark mask optional Integer mask of this field desc optional Description of the field 10 4 6 6 2 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 3 ProtoField uint16 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 10 4 6 6 3 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree base optional One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT valuestring optional A table containing the text that corresponds to
13. D test pcap 14 KB 00 00 02 P 120 D 120 M 0 R Table 3 5 Go menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Back Alt Left Jump to the recently visited packet in the packet history much like the page history in a web browser Forward Alt Right Jump to the next visited packet in the packet history much like the page history in a web browser Go to Packet Ctrl G Bring up a dialog box that allows you to specify a packet number and then goes to that packet See Section 6 9 Go to a specific packet for details Go to Corres ponding Packet Go to the corresponding packet of the currently selected protocol 44 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description field If the selected field doesn t correspond to a packet this item is greyed out Previous Pack Ctrl Up et Move to the previous packet in the list This can be used to move to the previous packet even if the packet list doesn t have key board focus Next Packet Ctrl Down Move to the next packet in the list This can be used to move to the previous packet even if the packet list doesn t have keyboard focus First Packet Jump to the first packet of the capture file Last Packet Jump to the last packet of the capture file 45 User Interface 3 9 The Capture menu The Wireshark Capture menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 6 Capture menu items Figure 3 7 The Capture Menu
14. Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Transmission Control Protocol Src Port 3196 3196 Dst Port http 80 Seq 0 Len O Source port 3196 3196 Destination port http 80 Sequence number O relative sequence number Header length 28 bytes Flags Ox0002 SYN Window size 64240 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a 00 0 5d 20 ca 02 08 OO 45 00 00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 61 2c cO a8 00 02 cO ag eemermeOc 7c OO 50 3c 36 95 TB OO OO OO 00 70 O2 ta TO 27 e0 00 00 02 04 05 b4 O1 O1 04 02 Transmission Control Protocol tcp 28 bytes JP 120 D 120 M 0 R Table 3 10 Help menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Contents F1 This menu item brings up a basic help system FAQ s This menu item starts a Web browser showing various FAQ s Manual Pages San This menu item starts a Web browser showing one of the locally installed html manual pages Wireshark On line gt This menu item starts a Web browser showing the chosen webpage from http www wireshark org 54 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description Supported Pro tocols slow This menu item brings up a dialog box showing the supported protocols and protocol fields About Wire shark This menu item brings up an information window that provides some information on Wireshark such as the plugins the used folders Note Calling a Web browser might be u
15. the currently used display filter see Section 6 3 Filtering packets while viewing 4 The packet list pane see Section 3 16 The Packet List pane displays a summary of each pack et captured By clicking on packets in this pane you control what is displayed in the other two panes 5 The packet details pane see Section 3 17 The Packet Details pane displays the packet selec ted in the packet list pane in more detail 30 User Interface 6 The packet bytes pane see Section 3 18 The Packet Bytes pane displays the data from the packet selected in the packet list pane and highlights the field selected in the packet details pane 7 The statusbar see Section 3 19 The Statusbar shows some detailed information about the cur rent program state and the captured data Tip N The layout of the main window can be customized by changing preference settings See Section 9 5 Preferences for details 3 3 1 Main Window Navigation Packet list and detail navigation can be done entirely from the keyboard Table 3 1 Keyboard Naviga tion shows a list of keystrokes that will let you quickly move around a capture file See Table 3 5 Go menu items for additional navigation keystrokes Table 3 1 Keyboard Navigation Accelerator Description Tab Shift Tab Move between screen elements e g from the toolbars to the packet list to the packet detail Down M
16. 2c cescsesvecsigsscdhanss ssosassssedseas ssh vtaadssrssness eevinegseeaseeneeys 92 5 3 1 The Save Capture File As dialog box 200 0 cece cece eee cneeeeeece een eeneees 92 5 32 Output File Formats Terraa ede Ren AO ee eee 94 9 4Mereimg Capture Files ss resene eane e Sos soap oswae so oaSen EEEE be A sb eee ts 96 5 4 1 The Merge with Capture File dialog DOX 20 2 0 cece cence nee eeeee een eens 96 De EUG SCs 2355 08s neoaswahhgoa ses ade nk nnsdedenea dese onda me da uocast se EAE E a 98 5 5 1 The List Files dialog box c 023 3 Scot keciu ace eke acd aba et 98 3 6 Exportin 9 data is soduwe seco senses Sedsagee pede ee sv usta duis py sweas s ntvoa She AN TEE NE E E vend 100 5 6 1 The Export as Plain Text File dialog box 20 0 0 cece cece cece teen teen es 100 5 6 2 The Export as PostScript File dialog Dox 20 0 0 cece cece ee eeeeeee teen es 101 5 6 3 The Export as CSV Comma Separated Values File dialog box 101 5 6 4 The Export as C Arrays packet bytes file dialog box eee 102 5 6 5 The Export as PSML File dialog box 0 ec eeceee cence eeee teen eran es 102 5 6 6 The Export as PDML File dialog box 2 0 0 0 cece cece eee ceeeeeeeeneeenes 103 Wireshark User s Guide 5 6 7 The Export selected packet bytes dialog bOX cece cece cece eeeeeeeeee es 104 5 6 8 The Export Objects dialog DOX 0 eee ee ce eece ence eeceeeceeeeaeeeneeenes 105 5 7
17. Beacons Data Packets Probe Req Probe Resp Auth Deauth Other Percent Protection 00 13 1a a0 12 cO 0 58 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 00 02 e3 46 99 f8 11 AMX 744 6 0 0 0 0 0 46 WEP 0 0 0 0 1 3 Name resolution Only show existing networks Help MH Copy Each row in the list shows the statistical values for exactly one wireless network Name resolution will be done if selected in the window and if it is active for the MAC layer Only show existing networks will exclude probe requests with a SSID not matching any network from the list The copy button will copy the list values to the clipboard in CSV Comma Separated Values format Tip This window will be updated frequently so it will be useful even if you open it before or while you are doing a live capture 172 Statistics 8 9 LTE MAC Traffic Statistics Statistics of the captured LTE MAC traffic This window will summarize the LTE MAC traffic found in the capture Figure 8 7 The LTE MAC Traffic Statistics window Wireshark LTE MAC Traffic Statistics testDL2ws out 5 rCommon Channel Data BCH Frames 0 BCH Bytes 0 PCH Frames 0 PCH Bytes 0 UL DL SCH data 20 UEs UL Frames UL Bytes UL CRC Errors UL ReTX Frames DL Frames DL Bytes DL CRC Errors DL ReTX Frames 0 0 0 0 138 41538 0 l o E 140 42140 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 42140 0 139 41839 0 Selected UE details CCCH LCID1 LCI
18. Enabled Protocols dialog bOX 2 0 0 0 eee eee ceeceeeceeeceeeeeeeea teen es 189 9 4 2 User Specified DeCOdeS ssnipe oriire ss rS sededassseveasgsstbancase 191 9 4 3 Show User Specified Decodes s eseeeisseerrsrrsrrrrerrrrerreresrerrsrrerrsse 192 9 5 PIELEreNn COS os r e apa e a E a E E aE 194 9 5 1 Interface Options vicecc ceecccsenc sst rr cece csteweeessinuveasssanvedsespyeceessaeeneesnneee 195 9 6 Configuration Profiles ssis see ienes soe s nap a EEEE EOE SERPE ES EPERE Eo i iess 197 97 User Table repine ea a E E a tes E EE ENEE 200 9 83 Display Filter Macros nione E E E E TEN N Eni 201 9 9 GeolP Database Paths dernes srne e sSedene E E von gees E SEEE EA 202 9 10 Tektronix K12xx 15 RF5 protocols Table eeseeeeseeerseeserrerrrerrsrrerrereseese 203 DALIPRES Users Context List oirn tete aaea a a Rec hoes RONE SE 204 912 SCEP Users Table niaren a adel E Ue ale a 205 9 13 SMI MIB and PIB Modules 0 cece eee eee cee ceeeea ceca cena seas eeuseeaeeennees 206 9 14 SMI MIB and PIB Paths 20 0 0 eee cece ce eeceeeeeeeeaeecaeeea sean eeueeeeeeeneees 207 9 15 SNMP users Table sristi aceite stisctekssepinte ass e tases a ee cdota bes Ea 208 9 16 User DLTs protocol table sosisini one ie eee cree kE EEEE EIEEE ET 209 9 17 IKEv2 decryption table sisira dse iess Psae ssc iseosbstoieodpssssseuesvbtesgsevasies ss 210 10 Lua Support in Wireshark 2 0 00 00 cece cc cece cece ence ence eeceeeceeeeae
19. Open button Figure 5 2 Open new GTK version Unix Linux GTK version gt 2 4 This is the common Gimp GNOME file open dia log plus some Wireshark extensions Specific for this dialog e The Add button allows you to add a direct ory selected in the right hand pane to the fa vorites list on the left Those changes are per sistent e The Remove button allows you to remove a selected directory from that list again the 88 File Input Output and Printing items like Home Desktop and Filesys tem cannot be removed e If Wireshark doesn t recognize the selected file as a capture file it will grey out the Open button 7 Ere troropert name resetiter Unix Linux GTK version lt 2 4 Figure 5 3 Open old GTK version This is the file open dialog of former Gimp GNOME versions plus some Wireshark exten sions Specific for this dialog e If Wireshark doesn t recognize the selected file as a capture file it will grey out the Ok but ton i Enable WAL paren yeechton od Enti ram rane indon Ji Enable rapot rame meoten E ae aA 5 2 2 Input File Formats The following file formats from other capture tools can be opened by Wireshark e libpcap tcpdump and various other tools using tcpdump s capture format e Sun snoop and atmsnoop e Shomiti Finisar Surveyor captures e Novell LANalyzer captures e Microsoft
20. This dialog box let you select a file to be merged into the currently loaded file E You will be prompted for an unsaved file first If your current data wasn t saved before you will be asked to save it first before this dialog box is shown Most controls of this dialog will work the same way as described in the Open Capture File dialog box see Section 5 2 1 The Open Capture File dialog box Specific controls of this merge dialog are Prepend packets to existing file Prepend the packets from the selected file before the currently loaded packets Merge packets chronologically Merge both the packets from the selected and currently loaded file in chronological order Append packets to existing file Append the packets from the selected file after the currently loaded packets Table 5 3 The system specific Merge Capture File As dialog box Microsoft Windows Figure 5 7 Merge on native Windows This is the common Windows file open dialog plus some Wireshark extensions 96 File Input Output and Printing Wireshark Merge with capture file Look jn O heset test t_00001 _20050819181503 peap testi _O0002_20080819181805 pcap test _C0003_20050819181505 pcap testi _00004_20050819191505 pcap testi _00005_20050319181507 pcap testi _00006_20050819181507 pc p 1 _00007_20050819161508 pcap lt File pam Files of type Al Files l a Prapsnd packets bo eventing fie Merge p
21. VPI vci optional VCI channel optional Channel cells optional Number of cells in the PDU aal5u2u optional AALS User to User indicator aal5len optional AALS Len 10 4 1 2 3 2 Returns The ATM pseudoheader 10 4 1 2 4 PseudoHeader mtp2 Creates an MTP2 PseudoHeader 10 4 1 2 4 1 Returns The MTP2 pseudoheader 10 4 2 Obtaining dissection data 10 4 2 1 Field A Field extractor to to obtain field values 10 4 2 1 1 Field new fieldname Create a Field extractor 10 4 2 1 1 1 Arguments fieldname The filter name of the field e g ip addr 10 4 2 1 1 2 Returns The field extractor 10 4 2 1 1 3 Errors 217 Lua Support in Wireshark e A Field extractor must be defined before Taps or Dissectors get called 10 4 2 1 2 field __call Obtain all values see FieldInfo for this field 10 4 2 1 2 1 Returns All the values of this field 10 4 2 1 2 2 Errors e Fields cannot be used outside dissectors or taps 10 4 2 2 FieldInfo An extracted Field 10 4 2 2 1 fieldinfo __len Obtain the Length of the field 10 4 2 2 2 fieldinfo __unm Obtain the Offset of the field 10 4 2 2 3 fieldinfo __call Obtain the Value of the field 10 4 2 2 4 fieldinfo __ tostring The string representation of the field 10 4 2 2 5 fieldinfo __eq Checks whether lhs is within rhs 10 4 2 2 5 1 Errors e Data source must be the same for both fields 10 4 2 2 6 fieldinfo __le Checks whether the end byte of
22. e Help Opens this section in the user s guide e Close Closes this dialog e Save As Saves the currently selected object as a filename you specify The default filename to save as is taken from the filename column of the objects list e Save All Saves all objects in the list using the filename from the filename column You will be asked what directory folder to save them in If the filename is invalid for the operating system file system you are running Wireshark on then an error will appear and that object will not be saved but 106 File Input Output and Printing all of the others will be 107 File Input Output and Printing 5 7 Printing packets To print packets select the Print menu item from the File menu When you do this Wireshark pops up the Print dialog box as shown in Figure 5 17 The Print dialog box 5 7 1 The Print dialog box Figure 5 17 The Print dialog box Wireshark Print Printer PostScript C Output to file Packet Range All packets Selected packet only 1 Allcollapsed Specify a packet range L_ Packet bytes Packet Format Captured Displayed Packet summary line 11 Packet details s displayed All expanded C Each packet on a new page The following fields are available in the Print dialog box Printer This field contains a pair of mutually exclusive radio but
23. encapsulation type etc Text2pcap also allows the user to read in dumps of application level data by inserting dummy L2 L3 and L4 headers before each packet Possiblities include inserting headers such as Ethernet Ethernet IP Ethernet IP UDP or Ethernet Ip TCP before each packet This allows Wireshark or any other full packet decoder to handle these dumps Example D 6 Help information available for text2pcap text2pcap h Text2pcap 1 1 4 Generate a capture file from an ASCII hexdump of packets See http www wireshark org for more information Usage text2pcap options lt infile gt lt outfile gt 279 Related command line tools where lt infile gt specifies input filename use for standard input lt outfile gt specifies output filename use for standard output Input o hex oct dec t lt timefmt gt Output 1 lt typenum gt m lt max pack Prepend dummy e lt l3pid gt i lt proto gt u lt srcp gt lt d T lt srcp gt lt d s lt srcp gt lt d S lt srcp gt lt d Miscellaneous h q q et gt header estp gt estp gt stp gt lt tag gt stp gt lt ppi gt parse offsets as h ex 0 ctal or d ecimal default is hex treats the text before the packet as a date time code the specified argument is a format string of the sort supported by strptime Example The time 10 15 14 5476 has the format code SH SM SS
24. name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree base optional One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT valuestring optional A table containing the text that corresponds to the values mask optional Integer mask of this field desc optional Description of the field 10 4 6 6 11 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 12 ProtoField framenum abbr name base valuestring mask desc A frame number for hyperlinks between frames 10 4 6 6 12 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree base optional One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT valuestring optional A table containing the text that corresponds to the values mask optional Integer mask of this field desc optional Description of the field 10 4 6 6 12 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 13 ProtoField ipv4 abbr name desc 10 4 6 6 13 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree 239 Lua Support in Wireshark desc optional Description of the field 10 4 6 6 13 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 14 ProtoField ipv6 abbr name desc 10 4 6 6 14 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviate
25. prefs __newindex name pref 233 Lua Support in Wireshark Creates a new preference 10 4 6 4 1 1 Arguments name The abbreviation of this preference pref A valid but still unassigned Pref object 10 4 6 4 1 2 Errors e Unknow Pref type 10 4 6 4 2 prefs __ index name Get the value of a preference setting 10 4 6 4 2 1 Arguments name The abbreviation of this preference 10 4 6 4 2 2 Returns The current value of the preference 10 4 6 4 2 3 Errors e Unknow Pref type 10 4 6 5 Proto A new protocol in wireshark Protocols have more uses the main one is to dissect a protocol But they can be just dummies used to register preferences for other purposes 10 4 6 5 1 Proto new name desc 10 4 6 5 1 1 Arguments name The name of the protocol desc A Long Text description of the protocol usually lowercase 10 4 6 5 1 2 Returns The newly created protocol 10 4 6 5 2 proto dissector The protocol s dissector a function you define 234 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 6 5 3 proto fields The Fields Table of this dissector 10 4 6 5 4 proto prefs The preferences of this dissector 10 4 6 5 5 proto init The init routine of this dissector a function you define 10 4 6 5 6 proto name The name given to this dissector 10 4 6 6 ProtoField A Protocol field to be used when adding items to the dissection tree 10 4 6 6 1 ProtoField new name abbr type valuestring base mask descr
26. select the Coloring Rules menu item from the View menu Wire shark will pop up the Coloring Rules dialog box as shown in Figure 9 1 The Coloring Rules dialog Figure 9 1 The Coloring Rules dialog box Wireshark Coloring Rules Filter List is processed in order until match is Found Name String cotp cotp arp smb nbss nbns nbipx ipxsap netbios Move selected Filter uninterested ipx stp hsrp eigrp cdp up or down tepsyn tep flags syn 1 tep flags fin 1 tcp tcp B Import 4 Yy Clear Ges Once the Coloring Rules dialog box is up there are a number of buttons you can use depending on whether or not you have any color filters installed already 185 Customizing Wireshark Note You will need to carefully select the order the coloring rules are listed as they are applied in order from top to bottom So more specific rules need to be listed before more general rules For example if you have a color rule for UDP before the one for DNS the color rule for DNS will never be applied as DNS uses UDP so the UDP rule will match first If this is the first time you have used Coloring Rules click on the New button which will bring up the Edit color filter dialog box as shown in Figure 9 2 The Edit Color Filter dialog box Figure 9 2 The Edit Color Filter dialog box Wireshark Edit Color Filter Filter Name fa Foreground Co
27. which packets should be processed by the output function Figure 5 18 The Packet Range frame Packet Range All packets 120 Selected packet only 1 C Specify a packet range Lo o If the Captured button is set default all packets from the selected rule will be processed If the Dis played button is set only the currently displayed packets are taken into account to the selected rule e All packets will process all packets e Selected packet only process only the selected packet e Marked packets only process only the marked packets e From first to last marked packet process the packets from the first to the last marked one e Specify a packet range process a user specified range of packets e g specifying 5 10 15 20 will process the packet number five the packets from packet number ten to fifteen inclusive and every packet from number twenty to the end of the capture 110 File Input Output and Printing 5 9 The Packet Format frame The packet format frame is a part of various output related dialog boxes It provides options to select which parts of a packet should be used for the output function Figure 5 19 The Packet Format frame Packet Format Packet summary line Packet details All collapsed As displayed All expanded Packet bytes Each packet on a new page e Packet summary line enable the output of the summary line just as in the Packet List
28. 100 MB s can be quite slow If you plan to do a long term capture or capturing from a high traffic network think about using one of the Mul tiple files options This will spread the captured packets over several smaller files which can be much more pleasant to work with Note Using Multiple files may cut context related information Wireshark keeps context inform ation of the loaded packet data so it can report context related problems like a stream er ror and keeps information about context related protocols e g where data is exchanged at the establishing phase and only referred to in later packets As it keeps this information only for the loaded file using one of the multiple file modes may cut these contexts If the establishing phase is saved in one file and the things you would like to see is in another you might not see some of the valuable context related information Tip Information about the folders used for the capture file s can be found in Appendix A Files and Folders Table 4 1 Capture file mode selected by capture options File option Use multiple Ring buffer Mode Resulting filename s files option with n files op used tion Single temporary etherXXXXXX_ where file XXXXXX is a unique number foo cap Single named file foo cap foo cap x Multiple files foo_00001_20040205110 continuous 102 cap foo_00002_20040205110 102 cap foo cap x x Multiple files fo
29. 4 1 Arguments pattern The pattern to match either an integer or a string depending on the table s type dissector The dissector to add either an Proto or a Dissector 10 4 6 2 5 dissectortable try pattern tvb pinfo tree Try to call a dissector from a table 10 4 6 2 5 1 Arguments pattern The pattern to be matched either an integer or a string depending on the table s type tvb The buffer to dissect pinfo The packet info 231 Lua Support in Wireshark tree The tree on which to add the protocol items 10 4 6 2 6 dissectortable get_dissector pattern Try to obtain a dissector from a table 10 4 6 2 6 1 Arguments pattern The pattern to be matched either an integer or a string depending on the table s type 10 4 6 2 6 2 Returns The dissector handle if found nil if not found 10 4 6 3 Pref A preference of a Protocol 10 4 6 3 1 Pref bool label default descr Creates a boolean preference to be added to a Protocol s prefs table 10 4 6 3 1 1 Arguments label The Label text in the right side of the preference input for this preference default The default value for this preference descr A description of what this preference is 10 4 6 3 2 Pref uint label default descr Creates an unsigned integer preference to be added to a Protocol s prefs table 10 4 6 3 2 1 Arguments label The Label text in the right side of the preference input for this preference default The default value for this pr
30. Address of this Packet 10 4 5 4 16 pinfo net_dst Network Layer Destination Address of this Packet 10 4 5 4 17 pinfo ptype Type of Port of src_port and dst_port 10 4 5 4 18 pinfo src_port Source Port of this Packet 10 4 5 4 19 pinfo dst_port Source Address of this Packet 10 4 5 4 20 pinfo ipproto IP Protocol id 10 4 5 4 21 pinfo circuit_id For circuit based protocols 10 4 5 4 22 pinfo match Port Data we are matching 10 4 5 4 23 pinfo curr_proto Which Protocol are we dissecting 10 4 5 4 24 pinfo columns Accesss to the packet list columns 10 4 5 4 25 pinfo cols Accesss to the packet list columns equivalent to pinfo columns 10 4 5 4 26 pinfo desegment_len Estimated number of additional bytes required for completing the PDU 10 4 5 4 27 pinfo desegment_offset 229 Lua Support in Wireshark Offset in the tvbuff at which the dissector will continue processing when next called 10 4 5 4 28 pinfo private_data Access to private data 10 4 6 Functions for writing dissectors 10 4 6 1 Dissector A refererence to a dissector used to call a dissector against a packet or a part of it 10 4 6 1 1 Dissector get name Obtains a dissector reference by name 10 4 6 1 1 1 Arguments name The name of the dissector 10 4 6 1 1 2 Returns The Dissector reference 10 4 6 1 2 dissector call tvb pinfo tree Calls a dissector against a given packet or part of it 10 4 6 1 2 1 Arguments tvb The buffer to di
31. EAE E E A NETE EEEN S St 9 t63 FAO a AE EE E ulead dregs O EE E EA E 9 16 Ae Mailing Lists o eaen ae A a a e te wR a e eh 9 1 6 5 Reportting Proble mss e aane ee A hte 10 1 6 6 Reporting Crashes on UNIX Linux platforms sseeeeeseeserrerrerrrrerrrrresee 10 1 6 7 Reporting Crashes on Windows platforms sessseeeeesesseresrrerrrreerreresre 11 2 Building and Installing Wireshark seseneseessesresueerssrsrrsrrsrerresrerrsrrerrerterrreesreererreees 13 2 1 Introduction es eisereen sE EEEE EE E EEEE EIEEEI E EESE 13 2 2 Obtaining the source and binary distributions sssesesseessseesersresreresrrerrsrrerreees 14 2 3 Before you build Wireshark under UNIX 200 00 ccee cee ce eeceeecaeeea sean eeaes 15 2 4 Building Wireshark from source under UNIX 0 eee ee ceeeceeece teen seca tenn eenes 18 2 5 Installing the binaries under UNIX 000 0 eee ee cence eeceeeeeeeeaeeeaeeea sean eeaes 20 2 5 1 Installing from rpm s under Red Hat and alike 20 0 0 eee ee eeee ee 20 2 5 2 Installing from deb s under Debian 0 cece cee cence eece teen secu eeees 20 2 5 3 Installing from portage under Gentoo Linux 2 20 0 cece ceeeeeeeeeeeee tenes 20 2 5 4 Installing from packages under FreeBSD cece cee ceeeeeee eee eeeeeeeenes 20 2 6 Troubleshooting during the install on Unix 20 000 cee ceeeceee en eece cece een eeneeees 21 2 7 Building from source under Windows cceecceeceeecceeeceecee
32. Introduction 1 5 Development and maintenance of Wireshark Wireshark was initially developed by Gerald Combs Ongoing development and maintenance of Wire shark is handled by the Wireshark team a loose group of individuals who fix bugs and provide new functionality There have also been a large number of people who have contributed protocol dissectors to Wireshark and it is expected that this will continue You can find a list of the people who have contributed code to Wireshark by checking the about dialog box of Wireshark or at the authors page on the Wireshark web site Wireshark is an open source software project and is released under the GNU General Public License GPL All source code is freely available under the GPL You are welcome to modify Wireshark to suit your own needs and it would be appreciated if you contribute your improvements back to the Wireshark team You gain three benefits by contributing your improvements back to the community e Other people who find your contributions useful will appreciate them and you will know that you have helped people in the same way that the developers of Wireshark have helped people e The developers of Wireshark might improve your changes even more as there s always room for im provement Or they may implement some advanced things on top of your code which can be useful for yourself too e The maintainers and developers of Wireshark will maintain your code as well fixing
33. KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION 12 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES INCLUDING ANY GENERAL SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES UO END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms To do so attach the following notices to the program It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty and each fil
34. NOTE The subsecond component delimiter must be given but no pattern is required the remaining number is assumed to be fractions of a second NOTE Date time fields from the current date time are used as the default for unspecified fields link layer type number default is 1 Ethernet See the file net bpf h for list of numbers Use this option if your dump is a complete hex dump of an encapsulated packet and you wish to specify the exact type of encapsulation Example l 7 for ARCNet packets max packet length in output default is 64000 prepend dummy Ethernet II header with specified L3PID in HEX Example e 0x806 to specify an ARP packet prepend dummy IP header with specified IP protocol in DECIMAL Automatically prepends Ethernet header as well Example i 46 prepend dummy UDP header with specified dest and source ports in DECIMAL Automatically prepends Ethernet amp IP headers as well Example u 1000 69 to make the packets look like TFTP UDP packets prepend dummy TCP header with specified dest and source ports in DECIMAL Automatically prepends Ethernet amp IP headers as well Example T 50 60 prepend dummy SCTP header with specified dest source ports and verification tag in DECIMAL Automatically prepends Ethernet amp IP headers as well Example s 30 40 34 prepend dummy SCTP header with specified dest source ports and verification tag 0 Automatically prepends a dummy SCTP DATA chunk header wi
35. NT upnp event allback lt http 192 168 0 2 5000 notify gt jimeout Second 1800 User Agent Mozilla 4 0 compatible UPnP 1 0 Windows NT 5 1 Host 192 168 0 1 ontent Length 0 Pragma no cache HTTP 1 0 200 OK onnection close Server UPnP 1 0 UPnP Device Host 1 0 imeout Second 1800 SID uuid cf save As Eb erint Entire conversation 368 bytes v Ascii EBCDIC O Hex Dump C Arrays O Raw Ko Help Ea Filter Out This Stream The stream content is displayed in the same sequence as it appeared on the network Traffic from A to B 141 Advanced Topics is marked in red while traffic from B to A is marked in blue If you like you can change these colors in the Edit Preferences Colors page Non printable characters will be replaced by dots XXX What about line wrapping maximum line length and CRNL conversions The stream content won t be updated while doing a live capture To get the latest content you ll have to reopen the dialog You can choose from the following actions 1 Save As Save the stream data in the currently selected format 2 Print Print the stream data in the currently selected format 3 Direction Choose the stream direction to be displayed Entire conversation data from A to B only or data from B to A only 4 Filter out this stream Apply a display filter removing the current TCP stream data from the dis play 5 Close Close this dialog box leaving the
36. Pixels per tick use 10 5 2 1 pixels per tick interval 169 Statistics e View as time of day option to view x direction labels as time of day instead of seconds or minutes since beginning of capture e Y Axis e Unit the unit for the y direction Packets Tick Bytes Tick Bits Tick Advanced XXX de scribe the Advanced feature e Scale the scale for the y unit Logarithmic Auto 10 20 50 100 200 500 The save button will save the currently displayed portion of the graph as one of various file formats The save feature is only available when using GTK version 2 6 or higher the latest Windows versions com ply with this requirement and Wireshark version 0 99 7 or higher The copy button will copy values from selected graphs to the clipboard in CSV Comma Separated Val ues format The copy feature is only available in Wireshark version 0 99 8 or higher Tip Click in the graph to select the first package in the selected interval 170 Statistics 8 7 Compare two capture files Compare two capture files 171 Statistics 8 8 WLAN Traffic Statistics Statistics of the captured WLAN traffic This window will summarize the wireless network traffic found in the capture Probe requests will be merged into an existing network if the SSID matches Figure 8 6 The WLAN Traffic Statistics window WiresharewhAN trate stanestce Wilpeap WLAN Traffic Statistics BSSID Channel SSID
37. Plain Text file This menu item allows you to export all or some of the packets in the capture file to a plain ASCII text file It pops up the Wire shark Export dialog box which is discussed further in Sec tion 5 6 1 The Export as Plain Text File dialog box Export gt as PostScript file This menu item allows you to export all or some of the packets in the capture file to a PostScript file It pops up the Wireshark Export dialog box which is discussed further in Section 5 6 2 The Export as PostScript File dialog box 35 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description Export gt as CSy This menu item allows you to export all or some of the packet Comma Sep summaries in the capture file to a csv file e g used by spread arated Values sheet programs It pops up the Wireshark Export dialog box packet sum which is discussed further in Section 5 6 3 The Export as mary file CSV Comma Separated Values File dialog box Export gt as C Arrays This menu item allows you to export all or some of the packet packet bytes bytes in the capture file to a c file so you can import the stream file data into your own C program It pops up the Wireshark Export dialog box which is discussed further in Section 5 6 4 The Ex ort as C Arrays packet bytes file dialog box Export gt as PSML file
38. Print packets ES E ES EE ed ot Ueseeada eee Ae Te ela Ee elas 108 STL The Print dialog BOX vies ecerssutacedeshanes oy sume ss Sante E A EAEE wena Ea 108 5 8 The Packet Range frames occc 0sev dievsougeseusyegs avecacaesiees ea E EE E E os 110 5 9 The Packet Format frame siccce cc seicksseescaeisa eeta eanacdaa ss S phe eassa yes EEE ie 111 6 Working with captured packets 20 0 0 cece cee cceeceeeceeeeeeeca essa seca eeaeeeaeeeneeeneeeenees 113 6 1 Viewing packets you have captured 20 0 0 cece cence cece eeece seca eens eeneeeneeeneees 113 6 2 Pop Up MENUS co 5 esis dees e E E E EESE O TEES ESEESE Sesh REE EOR 115 6 2 1 Pop up menu of the Packet List pane eee cece cee ce ecco teen eee 115 6 2 2 Pop up menu of the Packet Details pane 0 0 0 0 cee cece cece eee ee teen es 117 6 3 Filtering packets while viewing ce cece cece cece cece ce eece cece ecu eeee sean een eeneeeneees 120 6 4 Building display filter expressions cece cece cece eee c eee eceeeee eens eeueeeneeennees 122 6 4 1 Display filter fields eiio ee en end beset das accede beece das acceu inet 122 6 4 2 Comparing Values sss cc eurlavesssuens ENE E EEE E EES seep Seesesh wernssny ens 122 6 4 3 Combining Expressions avreste ere cece cess cee ce ence ET E EEEo ETE EEEIEE 124 6 4 4 A common Mistakes cssisssssevebssanttag soi ie o e iE nE AES TS 125 6 5 The Filter Expression dialog bOX ssssessseessseresseresrrsrrs
39. T aS EE E ENEE ST SE EES 46 3 10 The Analyze MeNi s iieis o e o a E E ETS 48 311 Lhe Statistics menw seiss e eye neona E AERES EAE EN uae EAER 50 312 The Tools ment y ree ent E a E E EE E A EE EE EE ote 53 3 13 The Helpi meninis aE a aer E E ARSS 54 314 The Man toolbar 2 3 0 si e r ete E ET E EE NE 56 3 15 The Filter toolbar Sres eee e E EE EE tuansspesedsoepsnweessgs eens 59 3 16 The Packet List pane E EE a A EEE E ES ET NEEE TEES 6l 3 17 The Packet Detalls pahe sirisser en n TE E EE TEES 62 3 18 The Packet Bytes pane lt 55 05 sos css seg eite pone bacteceoas buenos suncecdodsuvebovbanseessenevers 63 3 19 The S tatusbat neierens aoed ocd sss sbte sete ede EERE nied do ocasn seus EPESA ESI ETET 64 4 Capturing Live Network Data 2 0 0 0 cece cece eee nec cece ca eene cece eens cena eeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeaees 67 4 1 Introduction ssisi cssitoes Siees sch a e iE ree E E a pe E NiS 67 A D PHETEQUISILES rosei isinine onog es MEESE EEE E E EE eE E a ae S E eR 68 A S Start Capture essuie i e ere ptes rec E EE EE a E a EEE E ENR 69 4 4 The Capture Interfaces dialog bOX nssseesseesesersrssrrsrrerrrrerrsrrsrrrresrrersrreersse 70 4 5 The Capture Options dialog bDOX ssesssssessessrerrsrrerrsrreerrrerrsrrerrrresrreeerrrerese 72 4D 1 Capture frane sorires Swedes showens sansa gessh uae E ds ewtaes A teh RS S ERSS 73 4 5 2 Capture File s frame naeio rieo iE Ei EEE EEEE EEE e ii 74 453 Stop Captures Tame
40. The text to be appended 10 4 3 2 5 2 Returns The TextWindow object 10 4 3 2 5 3 Errors e Cannot be called for something not a TextWindow 10 4 3 2 6 textwindow clear Erases all text in the window 10 4 3 2 6 1 Returns The TextWindow object 10 4 3 2 6 2 Errors e Cannot be called for something not a TextWindow 10 4 3 2 7 textwindow get_text Get the text of the window 10 4 3 2 7 1 Returns The TextWindow s text 10 4 3 2 7 2 Errors e Cannot be called for something not a TextWindow 10 4 3 2 8 textwindow set_editable editable Make this window editable 10 4 3 2 8 1 Arguments editable optional A boolean flag defaults to true 10 4 3 2 8 2 Returns 222 Lua Support in Wireshark The TextWindow object 10 4 3 2 8 3 Errors e Cannot be called for something not a TextWindow 10 4 3 2 9 textwindow add_button label function 10 4 3 2 9 1 Arguments label The label of the button function The function to be called when clicked 10 4 3 2 9 2 Returns The TextWindow object 10 4 3 2 9 3 Errors e Cannot be called for something not a TextWindow 10 4 3 3 Non Method Functions 10 4 3 3 1 gui_enabled Checks whether the GUI facility is enabled 10 4 3 3 1 1 Returns A boolean true if it is enabled false if it isn t 10 4 3 3 2 register_menu name action group Register a menu item in one of the main menus 10 4 3 3 2 1 Arguments name action group optio
41. This menu item allows you to export all or some of the packets in the capture file to a PSML packet summary markup language XML file It pops up the Wireshark Export dialog box which is discussed further in Section 5 6 5 The Export as PSML File dialog box Export gt as PDML file This menu item allows you to export all or some of the packets in the capture file to a PDML packet details markup language XML file It pops up the Wireshark Export dialog box which is discussed further in Section 5 6 6 The Export as PDML File dialog box Export gt Selec Ctrl H ted Packet This menu item allows you to export the currently selected bytes Bytes in the packet bytes pane to a binary file It pops up the Wireshark Export dialog box which is discussed further in Section 5 6 7 The Export selected packet bytes dialog box Objects gt HT TP This menu item allows you to export all or some of the captured HTTP objects into local files It pops up the Wireshark HTTP ob ject list which is discussed further in Section 5 6 8 The Export Objects dialog box Print Ctrl P This menu item allows you to print all or some of the packets in the capture file It pops up the Wireshark Print dialog box which is discussed further in Section 5 7 Printing packets Quit Ctrl Q This menu item allows you to quit from Wireshark Wireshark will ask to save your capture file if you haven t previously
42. This menu item will use the selected item in the detail view to create a display filter This display filter is then copied to the clipboard 37 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description Find Packet Ctrl F This menu item brings up a dialog box that allows you to find a packet by many criteria There is further information on finding packets in Section 6 8 Finding packets Find Next Ctrl N This menu item tries to find the next packet matching the settings from Find Packet Find Previous Ctrl B This menu item tries to find the previous packet matching the set tings from Find Packet Mark Packet Ctrl M toggle This menu item marks the currently selected packet See Sec tion 6 10 Marking packets for details Find Next Shift Ctrl N Mark Find the next marked packet Find Previous Shift Ctrl B Mark Find the previous marked packet Mark All Pack ets This menu item marks all packets Unmark All Packets This menu item unmarks all marked packets Set Time Refer Ctrl T ence toggle This menu item set a time reference on the currently selected packet See Section 6 11 1 Packet time referencing for more information about the time referenced packets Find Next Ref erence This menu item tries to find the next time referenced packet Find Previous Reference This menu item tries to find the previous time referen
43. Windows platform For further information how to build Wireshark for Windows from the sources have a look at the Devel opment Wiki http wiki wireshark org Development for the latest available development documenta tion 22 Building and Installing Wireshark 2 8 Installing Wireshark under Windows In this section we explore installing Wireshark under Windows from the binary packages 2 8 1 Install Wireshark You may acquire a binary installer of Wireshark named something like wireshark setup x y z exe The Wireshark installer includes WinPcap so you don t need to download and install two separate packages Simply download the Wireshark installer from http www wireshark org download html and execute it Beside the usual installer options like where to install the program there are several optional compon ents p Tip Just keep the defaults If you are unsure which settings to select just keep the defaults 2 8 1 1 Choose Components page Wireshark e Wireshark GTK Wireshark is a GUI network protocol analyzer e GTK MS Windows Engine GTK MS Windows Engine native Win32 look and feel recommen ded TShark TShark is a command line based network protocol analyzer Plugins Extensions for the Wireshark and TShark dissection engines e Dissector Plugins Plugins with some extended dissections e Tree Statistics Plugins Plugins with some extended statistics e Mate Meta Analysis and Trac
44. and folders overview If an address is not found in etc ethers Wireshark looks in HOME wireshark ethers Each line in these files consists of one hardware address and name separated by whitespace The digits of hardware addresses are separated by colons dashes or periods The following are some examples EE EL fE EE E f E Broadcast cO 00 ff ff ff ff TR_broadcast 00 2b 08 93 4b al Freds_machine 259 Files and Folders manuf hosts services subnets The settings from this file are read in at program start and never written by Wireshark Wireshark uses the files listed in Table A 1 Configuration files and folders overview to translate the first three bytes of an Ether net address into a manufacturers name This file has the same format as the ethers file except addresses are three bytes long An example is 00 00 01 Xerox XEROX CORPORATION The settings from this file are read in at program start and never written by Wireshark Wireshark uses the files listed in Table A 1 Configuration files and folders overview to translate IPv4 and IPv6 addresses into names This file has the same format as the usual etc hosts file on Unix systems An example is Comments must be prepended by the sign 192 168 0 1 homeserver The settings from this file are read in at program start and never written by Wireshark Wireshark uses the files listed in Table A 1 Configuratio
45. be easily converted to PDF files using ghostscript s ps2pdf Packet Range Packet Format Captured Displayed Packet summary line All packets 191 Packet details Selected packet only 1 All collapsed s displayed All expanded Specify a packet range C Packet bytes C Each packet on a new page e Export to file frame chooses the file to export the packet data to e The Packet Range frame is described in Section 5 8 The Packet Range frame The Packet Details frame is described in Section 5 9 The Packet Format frame 5 6 3 The Export as CSV Comma Separated Values File dialog box XXX add screenshot 101 File Input Output and Printing Export packet summary into CSV used e g by spreadsheet programs to im export data e Export to file frame chooses the file to export the packet data to e The Packet Range frame is described in Section 5 8 The Packet Range frame 5 6 4 The Export as C Arrays packet bytes file dialog box XXX add screenshot Export packet bytes into C arrays so you can import the stream data into your own C program e Export to file frame chooses the file to export the packet data to e The Packet Range frame is described in Section 5 8 The Packet Range frame 5 6 5 The Export as PSML File dialog box Export packet data into PSML This is an XML based format including only the pac
46. binary package for your operating system or e Obtain the source and build Wireshark for your operating system Currently only two or three Linux distributions ship Wireshark and they are commonly shipping an out of date version No other versions of UNIX ship Wireshark so far and Microsoft does not ship it with any version of Windows For that reason you will need to know where to get the latest version of Wireshark and how to install it This chapter shows you how to obtain source and binary packages and how to build Wireshark from source should you choose to do so The following are the general steps you would use 1 Download the relevant package for your needs e g source or binary distribution 2 Build the source into a binary if you have downloaded the source This may involve building and or installing other necessary packages 3 Install the binaries into their final destinations 13 Building and Installing Wireshark 2 2 Obtaining the source and binary distributions You can obtain both source and binary distributions from the Wireshark web site ht tp www wireshark org Simply select the download link and then select either the source package or binary package of your choice from the mirror site closest to you E Download all required files In general unless you have already downloaded Wireshark before you will most likely need to download several source packages if you are building Wireshark from
47. description of the interface is printed The interface name or the number can be supplied to the i flag to specify an interface on which to capture This can be useful on systems that don t have a command to list them e g Windows systems or UNIX systems lacking ifconfig a the number can be useful on Windows 2000 and later systems where the interface name is a somewhat complex string Note that can capture means that Wireshark was able to open that device to do a live capture if on your system a program do ing a network capture must be run from an account with special privileges for example as root then if Wireshark is run with the D flag and is not run from such an account it will not list any interfaces This option sets the initial capture filter expression to be used when capturing packets After reading in a capture file using the r flag go to the given packet number The h option requests Wireshark to print its version and usage in structions as shown above and exit Set the name of the network interface or pipe to use for live pack et capture Network interface names should match one of the names listed in wireshark D described above a number as reported by wire shark D can also be used If you re using UNIX netstat i or if config a might also work to list interface names although not all versions of UNIX support the a flag to ifconfig If no interface is specified Wireshark searche
48. dialog shows various characteristics and statistics for the selected interface Microsoft Windows only This dialog is only available on Microsoft Windows Figure 4 4 The Interface Details dialog box Wireshark Interface Details Sle x Characteristics statistics 802 3 Ethernet l Characteristics vendor description Parallels OEM Adapter Microsoft s Packet Scheduler Interface Device NPF_ 5D34CEE1 5D21 4423 414B 9412C64313EB Link status Connected Link speed 1000 MBits s Media supported 802 3 Ethernet Medium in use 802 3 Ethernet Physical medium NDIS Driver Version 5 0 Vendor Driver Yersion vendor ID 00 10 42 Parallel NIC 00 MAC Options 802 1P Priority Unsupported 802 19 VLAN Unsupported VLAN ID Transmit Buffer Space Receive Buffer Space Transmit Block Size Receive Block Size Maximum Packet Size 524288 524288 1514 1514 1514 Note accuracy of all of these values are only relying on the network card driver Help 76 Capturing Live Network Data 4 7 Capture files and file modes While capturing the underlying libpcap capturing engine will grab the packets from the network card and keep the packet data in a relatively small kernel buffer This data is read by Wireshark and saved into the capture file s the user specified Different modes of operation are available when saving this packet data to the capture file s v J v Tip Working with large files several
49. document This book was originally developed by Richard Sharpe with funds provided from the Wireshark Fund It was updated by Ed Warnicke and more recently redesigned and updated by Ulf Lamping It is written in DocBook XML You will find some specially marked parts in this book This is a warning You should pay attention to a warning as otherwise data loss might occur 4 This is a note A note will point you to common mistakes and things that might not be obvious This is a tip Tips will be helpful for your everyday work using Wireshark xii Preface 5 Where to get the latest copy of this document The latest copy of this documentation can always be found at http www wireshark org docs xiii Preface 6 Providing feedback about this document Should you have any feedback about this document please send it to the authors through wireshark dev AT wireshark org xiv Preface XV Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 What is Wireshark 1 1 1 1 1 2 Wireshark is a network packet analyzer A network packet analyzer will try to capture network packets and tries to display that packet data as detailed as possible You could think of a network packet analyzer as a measuring device used to examine what s going on inside a network cable just like a voltmeter is used by an electrician to examine what s going on inside an electric cable but at a higher level of course In the
50. does Wireshark detect the files of a file set A filename in a file set uses the format Prefix_Number_DateTimeSuffix which might look like this test_00001_20060420183910 pcap All files of a file set share the same prefix e g test and suffix e g pcap and a varying middle part To find the files of a file set Wireshark scans the directory where the currently loaded file resides and checks for files matching the filename pattern prefix and suffix of the currently loaded file This simple mechanism usually works well but has its drawbacks If several file sets were cap tured with the same prefix and suffix Wireshark will detect them as a single file set If files were renamed or spread over several directories the mechanism will fail to find all files of a set The following features in the File Set submenu of the File menu are available to work with file sets in a convenient way e The List Files dialog box will list the files Wireshark has recognized as being part of the current file set e Next File closes the current and opens the next file in the file set e Previous File closes the current and opens the previous file in the file set 5 5 1 The List Files dialog box Figure 5 10 The List Files dialog box 98 File Input Output and Printing Wireshark 17 Files in Set Filename Created Last Modified Size test1_00002_20050819181505 peap 2005 05 19 18 15 test1_00003_20050819181505 pca
51. eee dawe toes 283 D962 NOIES oasis Rosh ae Eat eek ose eda ees eh a ads ea eae bah Gases ae 283 E This Document s License GPL ccccececcec ee ne cece eens ne ceen sees eaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeenegeenees 285 viii Preface 1 Foreword Wireshark is one of those programs that many network managers would love to be able to use but they are often prevented from getting what they would like from Wireshark because of the lack of document ation This document is part of an effort by the Wireshark team to improve the usability of Wireshark We hope that you find it useful and look forward to your comments 1X Preface 2 Who should read this document The intended audience of this book is anyone using Wireshark This book will explain all the basics and also some of the advanced features that Wireshark provides As Wireshark has become a very complex program since the early days not every feature of Wireshark may be explained in this book This book is not intended to explain network sniffing in general and it will not provide details about spe cific network protocols A lot of useful information regarding these topics can be found at the Wireshark Wiki at http wiki wireshark org By reading this book you will learn how to install Wireshark how to use the basic elements of the graphical user interface such as the menu and what s behind some of the advanced features that are not always obvious at first si
52. ensure that the only traffic that is cap tured is traffic sent to or from the machine on which Wireshark is running broadcast traffic and multicast traffic to addresses re ceived by that machine Special path settings usually detected automatically This is used for special cases e g starting Wireshark from a known location on an USB stick 182 Customizing Wireshark The criterion is of the form key path where key is one of persconf path path of personal configuration files like the preferences files persdata path path of personal data files it s the folder ini tially opened After the initialization the re cent file will keep the folder last used Q This option forces Wireshark to exit when capturing is complete It can be used with the c option It must be used in conjunction with the i and w options r lt infile gt This option provides the name of a capture file for Wireshark to read and display This capture file can be in one of the formats Wireshark understands R lt read display filter gt This option specifies a display filter to be applied when reading packets from a capture file The syntax of this filter is that of the display filters discussed in Section 6 3 Filtering packets while viewing Packets not matching the filter are discarded s lt capture snaplen gt This option specifies the snapshot length to use when capturing packets Wireshark will only capture lt snaplen gt b
53. files only Switch to the next file after the given number of second s minutes s hours s days s have elapsed Multiple files only Form a ring buffer of the capture files with the given number of files Multiple files only Stop capturing after switching to the next file the given number of times 4 5 3 Stop Capture frame 74 Capturing Live Network Data after n packet s after n megabytes s after n minute s Stop capturing after the given number of packets have been cap tured Stop capturing after the given number of byte s kilobyte s megabyte s gigabyte s have been captured This option is greyed out if Use multiple files is selected Stop capturing after the given number of second s minutes s hours s days s have elapsed 4 5 4 Display Options frame 4 5 5 4 5 6 Update list of packets in real time Automatic scrolling in live cap ture Hide capture info dialog This option allows you to specify that Wireshark should update the packet list pane in real time If you do not specify this Wire shark does not display any packets until you stop the capture When you check this Wireshark captures in a separate process and feeds the captures to the display process This option allows you to specify that Wireshark should scroll the packet list pane as new packets come in so you are always look ing at the last packet If you do not specify this Wireshark simply adds new
54. in ei o ea S E te ve E E EE EEA NE 74 4 5 4 Display Options frame 2 0 0 0 cece cece cece cece ce ance neceneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeaes 75 4 5 5 Name Resolution frame isisi srn ii ers sien eoi sev nieas PaE sebese sebeengees 75 45 0 BUONE Bs r aden Shien S EEE E T E TE SAE E EO SESE EE 75 4 6 The Interface Details dialog DOX ssessesssserrsersrrsessrrressrerrsresrrrresreererrrerere 76 4 7 Capture files and file modes e seeeseseesseeessreersrrerrsessreresrrerrsrrerrsresrrererrrerere 77 4 8 Link layer header type sss ssce5 ossessaa gssndsacsassotagasssdedeas oE Ears ea E PENER KS EEs 79 4 9 Filters while caption eisenos EEan EE 80 4 9 1 Automatic Remote Traffic Filtering seeesseeesseeeerrseesrrreerrerrsrrerreresreee 81 4 10 While a Capture is running w seoses cece peses geep eE p a E pe R SEEP ARS Ep nt 83 4 10 1 Stop the running capture 2 0 0 cece e cee ce recente ce eene een eeneeeaneeeeeeees 83 4 10 2 Restart a running Capture ssrin cece REEE A EEES eaS 84 5 File Input Output and Printing Assesse cece cece ce neceeece ences ceeeceeeeaesea esau seen sean eeaes 86 2 ED ELEKE GID Ton ON Sass Ses sas ed E shang sees snails vded das EET 86 5 2 Open capt re TIES resero rsi gue e Gb oye e i T E EE RE i 87 5 2 1 The Open Capture File dialog Dox s e sssessseesrrsresrerrerreresrrerrrrrereeees 87 3 2 2 Input File Formats isien e E tes cov n E EEEn EEEE TERESE EE PRETE 89 5 3 Saving captured packets
55. it when API changes or other changes are made and generally keeping it in tune with what is happening with Wireshark So if Wireshark is updated which is done often you can get a new Wireshark version from the website and your changes will already be included without any effort for you The Wireshark source code and binary kits for some platforms are all available on the download page of the Wireshark website http www wireshark org download html Introduction 1 6 Reporting problems and getting help 1 6 1 1 6 2 1 6 3 1 6 4 If you have problems or need help with Wireshark there are several places that may be of interest to you well besides this guide of course Website You will find lots of useful information on the Wireshark homepage at http www wireshark org Wiki The Wireshark Wiki at http wiki wireshark org provides a wide range of information related to Wire shark and packet capturing in general You will find a lot of information not part of this user s guide For example there is an explanation how to capture on a switched network an ongoing effort to build a pro tocol reference and a lot more And best of all if you would like to contribute your knowledge on a specific topic maybe a network protocol you know well you can edit the wiki pages by simply using your web browser FAQ The Frequently Asked Questions will list often asked questions and the corresponding answers Read th
56. list of the supported protocols manual pages online access to some of the webpages and the usual about dialog See Section 3 13 The Help menu Each of these menu items is described in more detail in the sections that follow 32 User Interface Tip You can access menu items directly or by pressing the corresponding accelerator keys which are shown at the right side of the menu For example you can press the Control or Strg in German and the K keys together to open the capture dialog 33 User Interface 3 5 The File menu The Wireshark file menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 2 File menu items Figure 3 3 The File Menu test pcap Wireshark AG Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Help Open ctrlt O Open Recent gt a a gt D T 2 Bia Q Q Merge X Close Ctrlew gt P Expression Ysclear Y Apply Destination Protocol Info e A save s Shift Ctrl 5 0 2 Broadcast ARP Who has 192 168 0 2 Gratuitous File Set gt by as Plain Text file as PostScript file Print P amp prit Gore as CSV Comma Separated Values packet summary file a Quit mito as XML PSML packet summary file J as XML PDML packet details file http SYN Seq 0 Len 0 M55 A gt Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 62 bytes captured Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 O00 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a I
57. list pane displays all the packets in the current capture file Figure 3 13 The Packet List pane No Time Source Destination Protocol Info A 000000 192 O 2 Ta ARP who 3 4 0 726445 192 168 0 2 224 0 0 22 IGMP V3 Membership Report A i E Each line in the packet list corresponds to one packet in the capture file If you select a line in this pane more details will be displayed in the Packet Details and Packet Bytes panes While dissecting a packet Wireshark will place information from the protocol dissectors into the columns As higher level protocols might overwrite information from lower levels you will typically see the information from the highest possible level only For example let s look at a packet containing TCP inside IP inside an Ethernet packet The Ethernet dis sector will write its data such as the Ethernet addresses the IP dissector will overwrite this by its own such as the IP addresses the TCP dissector will overwrite the IP information and so on There are a lot of different columns available Which columns are displayed can be selected by prefer ence settings see Section 9 5 Preferences The default columns will show e No The number of the packet in the capture file This number won t change even if a display filter is used e Time The timestamp of the packet The presentation format of this timestamp can be changed see Section 6 11 Time display formats and time refere
58. malformed The packet is actually wrong malformed meaning that a part of the packet is just not as expected not following the protocol specifications e Dissector is buggy The corresponding protocol dissector is simply buggy or still incomplete Any of the above is possible You ll have to look into the specific situation to determine the reason You could disable the dissector by disabling the protocol on the Analyze menu and check how Wireshark dis plays the packet then You could if it s TCP enable reassembly for TCP and the specific dissector if possible in the EditlPreferences menu You could check the packet contents yourself by reading the packet bytes and comparing it to the protocol specification This could reveal a dissector bug Or you could find out that the packet is indeed wrong C 1 2 Packet size limited during capture The packet size was limited during capture see Limit each packet to n bytes at the Section 4 5 The Capture Options dialog box While dissecting the current protocol dissector was simply running out of packet bytes and had to give up There s nothing else you can do now except to repeat the whole cap ture process again with a higher or no packet size limitation 266 Wireshark Messages C 2 Packet Details Messages These messages might appear in the packet details C 2 1 Response in frame 123 The current packet is the request of a detected request response pair Y
59. more specific expressions The following sections provide more information on doing this Tip You will find a lot of Display Filter examples at the Wireshark Wiki Display Filter page at http wiki wireshark org DisplayFilters Display filter fields Every field in the packet details pane can be used as a filter string this will result in showing only the packets where this field exists For example the filter string tep will show all packets containing the tcp protocol There is a complete list of all filter fields available through the menu item Help Supported Protocols in the page Display Filter Fields of the Supported Protocols dialog XXX add some more info here and a link to the statusbar info Comparing values You can build display filters that compare values using a number of different comparison operators They are shown in Table 6 3 Display Filter comparison operators Tip You can use English and C like terms in the same way they can even be mixed in a filter string Table 6 3 Display Filter comparison operators English C like Description and example eq _ Equal ip src 10 0 0 5 ne lt Not equal ip sro 10 0 0 5 gt N Greater than frame len gt 10 122 Working with captured packets English C like Description and example It lt Less than frame len lt 128 ge a Greater than or equal to frame len ge 0x100 le Less th
60. past such tools were either very expensive proprietary or both However with the advent of Wireshark all that has changed Wireshark is perhaps one of the best open source packet analyzers available today Some intended purposes Here are some examples people use Wireshark for e network administrators use it to troubleshoot network problems e network security engineers use it to examine security problems e developers use it to debug protocol implementations e people use it to learn network protocol internals Beside these examples Wireshark can be helpful in many other situations too Features The following are some of the many features Wireshark provides e Available for UNIX and Windows e Capture live packet data from a network interface e Display packets with very detailed protocol information e Open and Save packet data captured e Import and Export packet data from and to a lot of other capture programs e Filter packets on many criteria e Search for packets on many criteria e Colorize packet display based on filters e Create various statistics e and a lot more Introduction However to really appreciate its power you have to start using it Figure 1 1 Wireshark captures packets and allows you to examine their content shows Wireshark having captured some packets and waiting for you to examine them Figure 1 1 Wireshark captures packets and allows you to examine their content
61. pressed the stop button 10 4 3 1 3 1 Returns true if the user has asked to stop the progress 10 4 3 1 3 2 Errors e Cannot be called for something not a ProgDlg 10 4 3 1 4 progdlg close Appends text 10 4 3 1 4 1 Errors e Cannot be called for something not a ProgDlg 10 4 3 2 TextWindow Manages a text window 10 4 3 2 1 TextWindow new title Creates a new TextWindow 10 4 3 2 1 1 Arguments title optional Title of the new window 10 4 3 2 1 2 Returns 220 Lua Support in Wireshark The newly created TextWindow object 10 4 3 2 2 textwindow set_atclose action Set the function that will be called when the window closes 10 4 3 2 2 1 Arguments action A function to be executed when the user closes the window 10 4 3 2 2 2 Returns The TextWindow object 10 4 3 2 2 3 Errors e Cannot be called for something not a TextWindow 10 4 3 2 3 textwindow set text Sets the text 10 4 3 2 3 1 Arguments text The text to be used 10 4 3 2 3 2 Returns The TextWindow object 10 4 3 2 3 3 Errors e Cannot be called for something not a TextWindow 10 4 3 2 4 textwindow append text Appends text 10 4 3 2 4 1 Arguments text The text to be appended 10 4 3 2 4 2 Returns The TextWindow object 10 4 3 2 4 3 Errors e Cannot be called for something not a TextWindow 221 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 3 2 5 textwindow prepend text Prepends text 10 4 3 2 5 1 Arguments text
62. remarks below e 128MB RAM system memory recommended 256MBytes or more e 75MB available disk space plus size of user s capture files e g 100MB extra e 800 600 1280 1024 or higher recommended resolution with at least 65536 16bit colors 256 col ors should work if Wireshark is installed with the legacy GTK1 selection of the Wireshark 1 0 x releases e A supported network card for capturing e Ethernet any card supported by Windows should do e WLAN see the MicroLogix support list no capturing of 802 11 headers and non data frames e Other media See http wiki wireshark org CaptureSetup NetworkMedia Remarks e Older Windows versions are no longer supported because of three reasons None of the developers actively use those systems any longer which makes support difficult The libraries Wireshark de pends on GTK WinPCap are also dropping support for these systems Microsoft also dropped support for these systems 1 2 3 Introduction Windows 95 98 and ME will no longer work with Wireshark The last known version to work was Ethereal 0 99 0 which includes WinPcap 3 1 You can get it from http ethereal com down load html According to this bug report you may need to install Ethereal 0 10 0 on some systems BTW Microsoft no longer supports 98 ME since July 11 2006 Windows NT 4 0 will no longer work with Wireshark The last known version to work was Wire shark 0 99 4 which includes WinPcap 3 1 you
63. representing the network indicator for which this association is valid Called DPCs An range of integers representing the dpcs for which this association is val id Called SSNs An range of integers representing the ssns for which this association is valid User protocol The protocol that is carried over this association 205 Customizing Wireshark 9 13 SMI MIB and PIB Modules If your copy of Wireshark supports libSMI you can specify a list of MIB and PIB modules here The COPS and SNMP dissectors can use them to resolve OIDs Module name The name of the module e g IF MIB 206 Customizing Wireshark 9 14 SMI MIB and PIB Paths If your copy of Wireshark supports libSMI you can specify one or more paths to MIB and PIB modules here Directory name A module directory e g usr local snmp mibs Wireshark automatically uses the standard SMI path for your system so you usually don t have to add anything here 207 Customizing Wireshark 9 15 SNMP users Table Wireshark uses this table to verify authentication and to decrypt encrypted SNMPv3 packets This table is handled by an Engine ID Username Authentication model Password Privacy protocol Privacy password Section 9 7 User Table with the following fields If given this entry will be used only for packets whose engine id is this This field takes an hexadecimal string in the form 0102030405 This is the userName
64. same way as installing it you simply download and start the installer exe A reboot is usually not re quired and all your personal settings remain unchanged Update WinPcap New versions of WinPcap are less frequently available maybe only once in a year You will find Win Pcap update instructions where you can download new WinPcap versions Usually you have to reboot the machine after installing a new WinPcap version A Warning If you have an older version of WinPcap installed you must uninstall it before installing the current version Recent versions of the WinPcap installer will take care of this 25 Building and Installing Wireshark 2 8 5 Uninstall Wireshark 2 8 6 You can uninstall Wireshark the usual way using the Add or Remove Programs option inside the Control Panel Select the Wireshark entry to start the uninstallation procedure The Wireshark uninstaller will provide several options as to which things are to be uninstalled the de fault is to remove the core components but keep the personal settings WinPcap and alike WinPcap won t be uninstalled by default as other programs than Wireshark may use it as well Uninstall WinPcap You can uninstall WinPcap independently of Wireshark using the WinPcap entry in the Add or Re move Programs of the Control Panel Note After uninstallation of WinPcap you can t capture anything with Wireshark It might be a good idea to reboot Windows afterwards
65. satisfactory expression click OK and a filter string will be built for you Cancel You can leave the Add Expression dialog box without any effect by clicking the Cancel button 128 Working with captured packets 6 6 Defining and saving filters You can define filters with Wireshark and give them labels for later use This can save time in remem bering and retyping some of the more complex filters you use To define a new filter or edit an existing one select the Capture Filters menu item from the Capture menu or the Display Filters menu item from the Analyze menu Wireshark will then pop up the Filters dialog as shown in Figure 6 7 The Capture Filters and Display Filters dialog boxes Note The mechanisms for defining and saving capture filters and display filters are almost identical So both will be described here differences between these two will be marked as such A Warning You must use Save to save your filters permanently Ok or Apply will not save the filters so they will be lost when you close Wireshark Figure 6 7 The Capture Filters and Display Filters dialog boxes 129 Working with captured packets Wireshark Display Filter tpkt_long tpkt_only ethernet broadcast ip broadcast deerpe DCERPC Fault Filter name ip broadcast Filter string ped m 25 25 8 28 New Delete Filter Filter name This button adds a new filter
66. size must be non negative 10 4 8 1 6 bytearray set_index index value Sets the value of an index of a ByteArray 10 4 8 1 6 1 Arguments index The position of the byte to be set value The char value to set 0 255 10 4 8 1 7 bytearray get_index index Set the value of a byte in a ByteArray 10 4 8 1 7 1 Arguments index The position of the byte to be set 10 4 8 1 7 2 Returns The value 0 255 of the byte 10 4 8 1 8 bytearray len Obtain the length of a ByteArray 10 4 8 1 8 1 Returns The length of the ByteArray 10 4 8 1 9 bytearray subset offset length Obtain a segment of a ByteArray 10 4 8 1 9 1 Arguments offset The position of the first byte length The length of the segment 246 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 8 1 9 2 Returns A ByteArray contaning the requested segment A string contaning a representaion of the ByteArray 10 4 8 2 Int Int64 represents a 64 bit integer Lua uses one single number representation which can be chosen at compile time and since it is often set to IEEE 754 double precision floating point we cannot store a 64 bit integer with full precision For details see http lua users org wiki FloatingPoint 10 4 8 3 Tvb A Tvb represents the packet s buffer It is passed as an argument to listeners and dissectors and can be used to extract information via TvbRange from the packet s data Beware that Tvbs are usable only by the current listener or dissector call and a
67. statistical values are available e Protocol this protocol s name e Packets the percentage of protocol packets relative to all packets in the capture e Packets the absolute number of packets of this protocol e Bytes the absolute number of bytes of this protocol e MBit s the bandwidth of this protocol relative to the capture time e End Packets the absolute number of packets of this protocol where this protocol was the highest protocol to decode e End Bytes the absolute number of bytes of this protocol where this protocol was the highest pro 163 Statistics tocol to decode e End MBit s the bandwidth of this protocol relative to the capture time where this protocol was the highest protocol to decode 2 3 Note Packets will usually contain multiple protocols so more than one protocol will be counted for each packet Example In the screenshot IP has 99 17 and TCP 85 83 which is to gether much more than 100 Note Protocol layers can consist of packets that won t contain any higher layer protocol so the sum of all higher layer packets may not sum up to the protocols packet count Example In the screenshot TCP has 85 83 but the sum of the subprotocols HTTP is much less This may be caused by TCP protocol overhead e g TCP ACK packets won t be counted as packets of the higher layer Note A single packet can contain the same protocol more than once In this case the protocol is
68. test pcap Wireshark DAR File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Help BSweeewiogxs aR a w FT F R aa citer expression Ysclear Y apply No Time Destination Protocol Info 1 0 000000 TE Broadcast ARP Who has 192 168 0 2 Gratuitous 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 224 0 0 22 IGMP V3 Membership Report 11 1 226156 92 168 0 2 168 0 3196 gt http SYN Seq 0 Len 0 MSS a t Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 62 bytes captured Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 00 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Transmission Control Protocol Src Port 3196 3196 Dst Port http 80 Seq 0 Len O Source port 3196 3196 Destination port http 80 Sequence number O relative sequence number Header length 28 bytes Flags Ox0002 SYN Window size 64240 H E DEE 02 08 00 45 00 61 2c cO a8 00 02 cO a8 95 f8 00 00 00 00 70 02 030 fa fO 27 e0 OO OO O2 04 05 b4 O1 O1 04 02 File D test pcap 14 KB 00 00 02 P 120 D 120 M 0 1 1 3 Live capture from many different network media Wireshark can capture traffic from many different network media types and despite its name includ ing wireless LAN as well Which media types are supported depends on many things like the operating system you are using An overview of the supported media types can be found at http wiki wireshark org CaptureSetup NetworkMedi
69. the system and or GTK toolkit version used However the functionality remains basically the same on any particular system Common dialog behaviour on all systems e Select files and directories e Click the Open Ok button to accept your selected file and open it e Click the Cancel button to go back to Wireshark and not load a capture file Wireshark extensions to the standard behaviour of these dialogs e View file preview information like the filesize the number of packets if you ve selected a cap ture file e Specify a display filter with the Filter button and filter field This filter will be used when opening the new file The text field background becomes green for a valid filter string and red for an invalid one Clicking on the Filter button causes Wireshark to pop up the Filters dialog box which is dis cussed further in Section 6 3 Filtering packets while viewing XXX we need a better description of these read filters 87 File Input Output and Printing e Specify which type of name resolution is to be performed for all packets by clicking on one of the Name Resolution name resolution check buttons Details about name resolution can be found in Section 7 7 Save a lot of time loading huge capture files You can change the display filter and name resolution settings later while viewing the packets However loading huge capture files can take a significant amount of extra tim
70. the values mask optional Integer mask of this field desc optional Description of the field 10 4 6 6 3 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 4 ProtoField uint24 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 10 4 6 6 4 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree base optional One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT valuestring optional A table containing the text that corresponds to the values mask optional Integer mask of this field desc optional Description of the field 10 4 6 6 4 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 5 ProtoField uint32 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 10 4 6 6 5 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters 236 Lua Support in Wireshark name optional base optional valuestring optional mask optional desc optional 10 4 6 6 5 2 Returns Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT A table containing the text that corresponds to the values Integer mask of this field Description of the field A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 6 ProtoField uint64 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 10 4 6 6 6 1 Arguments abbr name optional bas
71. the values in the Displayed column will reflect the values corresponding to the packets shown in the display The values in the Marked column will reflect the values corresponding to the marked packages 162 Statistics 8 3 The Protocol Hierarchy window The protocol hierarchy of the captured packets Figure 8 2 The Protocol Hierarchy window Witte ieee ASI EDA Saa pan fay Ex Display filter http or dns Protocol Packets Packets Bytes Mbit s End Packets End Bytes End Mbit s Vv Frame 100 00 367 211211 0 086 0 0 0 000 V Ethernet 100 00 367 211211 0 086 0 0 0 000 V Internet Protocol 100 00 367 211211 0 086 0 0 0 000 V Transmission Control Protocol 93 46 343 207029 0 084 113 82553 0 034 Y Hypertext Transfer Protocol 62 67 230 124476 0 051 189 93393 0 038 Compuserve GIF 7 36 27 17114 0 007 27 17114 0 007 Line based text data 3 27 12 12265 0 005 12 12265 0 005 JPEG File Interchange Format 0 27 T 990 0 000 1 990 0 000 eXtensible Markup Language 0 27 i 714 0 000 1 714 0 000 v User Datagram Protocol 6 54 24 4182 0 002 0 0 0 000 Domain Name Service 6 54 24 4182 0 002 24 4182 0 002 This is a tree of all the protocols in the capture You can collapse or expand subtrees by clicking on the plus minus icons By default all trees are expanded Each row contains the statistical values of one protocol The Display filter will show the current display filter The following columns containing the
72. to the list of filters The currently entered val ues from Filter name and Filter string will be used If any of these fields are empty it will be set to new This button deletes the selected filter It will be greyed out if no filter is se lected You can select a filter from this list which will fill in the filter name and fil ter string in the fields down at the bottom of the dialog box You can change the name of the currently selected filter here Note The filter name will only be used in this dialog to identify the filter for your convenience it will not be used elsewhere You can add multiple filters with the same name but this is not very useful 130 Working with captured packets Filter string Add Expression OK Apply Save Close You can change the filter string of the currently selected filter here Display Filter only the string will be syntax checked while you are typing Display Filter only This button brings up the Add Expression dialog box which assists in building filter strings You can find more information about the Add Expression dialog in Section 6 5 The Filter Expression dialog box Display Filter only This button applies the selected filter to the current dis play and closes the dialog Display Filter only This button applies the selected filter to the current dis play and keeps the dialog open Save the current settings in this dialog The file locat
73. tostring pinfo dst or 0 ips tostring pinfo src src 1 ips tostring pinfo dst dst 1 end this function will be called once every few seconds to update our window function tap draw t tw clear for ip num in pairs ips do twsappenrd ips TNE ao num a Says end end this function will be called whenever a reset is needed e g when reloading the capture file function tap reset tw clear ips end using this function we register our fuction to be called when the user selects the Tools gt Test gt Packets menu register_menu Test Packets menuable_tap MENU_TOOLS 214 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 Wireshark s Lua API Reference Manual This Part of the User Guide describes the Wireshark specific functions in the embedded Lua 10 4 1 Saving capture files 10 4 1 1 Dumper 10 4 1 1 1 Dumper new filename filetype encap Creates a file to write packets Dumper new_for_current will probably be a better choice 10 4 1 1 1 1 Arguments filename The name of the capture file to be created filetype optional The type of the file to be created encap optional The encapsulation to be used in the file to be created 10 4 1 1 1 2 Returns The newly created Dumper object 10 4 1 1 1 3 Errors e Not every filetype handles every encap 10 4 1 1 2 dumper close Closes a dumper 10 4 1 1 2 1 Errors e Cannot operate on a closed dumper 10 4 1 1 3 dumper flush Wr
74. under UNIX Use the following general steps if you are building Wireshark from source under a UNIX operating sys tem Unpack the source from its gzip d tar file If you are using Linux or your version of UNIX uses GNU tar you can use the following command tar zxvf wireshark 1 0 0 tar gz For other versions of UNIX you will want to use the following commands gzip d wireshark 1 0 0 tar gz tar xvf wireshark 1 0 0 tar Note Note 4 The pipeline gzip dc wireshark 1 0 0 tar gz tar xvf will work here as well If you have downloaded the Wireshark tarball under Windows you may find that your browser has created a file with underscores rather than periods in its file name Change directory to the Wireshark source directory Configure your source so it will build correctly for your version of UNIX You can do this with the following command configure If this step fails you will have to rectify the problems and rerun configure Troubleshooting hints are provided in Section 2 6 Troubleshooting during the install on Unix Build the sources into a binary with the make command For example make Install the software in its final destination using the command make install Once you have installed Wireshark with make install above you should be able to run it by entering 18 Building and Installing Wireshark wireshark 19 Building and Installing Wireshark 2 5 Installing th
75. well In this section we will look at starting it from the command line Wireshark supports a large number of command line parameters To see what they are simply enter the command wireshark h and the help information shown in Example 9 1 Help information available from Wireshark or something similar should be printed Example 9 1 Help information available from Wireshark Wireshark 0 99 6 Interactively dump and analyze network traffic See http www wireshark org for more information Copyright 1998 2007 Gerald Combs lt gerald wireshark org gt and contributors This is free software see the source for copying conditions There is NO warranty not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Usage wireshark options lt infile gt Capture interface i lt interface gt name or idx of interface def first non loopback f lt capture filter gt packet filter in libpcap filter syntax s lt snaplen gt packet snapshot length def 65535 don t capture in promiscuous mode K start capturing immediately def do nothing Q quit Wireshark after capturing S update packet display when new packets are captured turn on automatic scrolling while S is in use B lt buffer size gt size of kernel buffer def 1MB y lt link type gt link layer type def first appropriate D print list of interfaces and exit L print list of link layer types of iface and exit Capture stop conditions
76. which will be described at the appropriate places XXX add detailed descriptions of the output formats and some sample output too 5 6 1 The Export as Plain Text File dialog box Export packet data into a plain ASCII text file much like the format used to print packets Figure 5 11 The Export as Plain Text File dialog box Ethereal Export as Plain Text File Export to file Packet Range Packet Format Captured Displayed Packet summary line All packets 191 Packet details Selected packet only 1 All collapsed s displayed All expanded Specify a packet range C Packet bytes _ Each packet on a new page J t e Export to file frame chooses the file to export the packet data to e The Packet Range frame is described in Section 5 8 The Packet Range frame e The Packet Details frame is described in Section 5 9 The Packet Format frame 100 File Input Output and Printing 5 6 2 The Export as PostScript File dialog box Export packet data into PostScript much like the format used to print packets Tip You can easily convert PostScript files to PDF files using ghostscript For example export to a file named foo ps and then call ps2pdf foo ps Figure 5 12 The Export as PostScript File dialog box Ethereal Export as PostScript file Export to file PostScript files can
77. will still be able to open saved capture files e Currently installed WinPcap version the Wireshark installer detects the currently installed Win Pcap version e Install WinPcap x x if the currently installed version is older than the one which comes with the Wireshark installer or WinPcap is not installed at all this will be selected by default e Start WinPcap service NPF at startup so users without administrative privileges can capture More WinPcap info e Wireshark related http wiki wireshark org WinPcap e General WinPcap info http www winpcap org 2 8 1 4 Command line options You can simply start the Wireshark installer without any command line parameters it will show you the usual interactive installer For special cases there are some command line parameters available e NCRC disables the CRC check e S runs the installer or uninstaller silently with default values Please note The silent installer won t install WinPCap e desktopicon installation of the desktop icon yes force installation no don t install otherwise use defaults user settings This option can be useful for a silent installer e quicklaunchicon installation of the quick launch icon yes force installation no don t install 24 2 8 2 2 8 3 2 8 4 Building and Installing Wireshark otherwise use defaults user settings e D sets the default installation directory INSTDIR overriding Install
78. you first bring up the Filter Expression dialog box you are shown a tree list of field names organ ized by protocol and a box for selecting a relation Field Name Select a protocol field from the protocol field tree Every protocol with filterable fields is listed at the top level You can search for a particular protocol entry by entering the first few letters of the protocol name By clicking on the next to a protocol name you can get a list of the field names available for filtering for that protocol Relation Select a relation from the list of available relation The is present is a unary relation which is true if the selected field is present in a packet All other listed relations are binary relations which require additional data e g a Value to match to complete 127 Working with captured packets When you select a field from the field name list and select a binary relation such as the equality relation you will be given the opportunity to enter a value and possibly some range information Value You may enter an appropriate value in the Value text box The Value will also indicate the type of value for the field name you have selected like character string Predefined values Some of the protocol fields have predefined values available much like enum s in C If the selected protocol field has such values defined you can choose one of them here Range XXX add an explanation here OK When you have built a
79. 0 123456 Nanoseconds 0 123456789 5b 2d 75 9a 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Transm 48 Coloring Rules rt 3196 3196 Dst Port http 80 Seq 0 Len O A Expand All Collapse All amp amp Show Packet in New Window Seq Reload Ctrl R Header length 28 bytes Flags Ox0002 SYN Window size 64240 huence number 02 08 00 45 00 61 2c cO a8 00 02 cO a8 95 f8 00 00 00 00 70 02 030 fa fO 27 e0 OO OO O2 04 05 b4 O1 O1 04 02 File D test pcap 14 KB 00 00 02 P 120 D 120 M 0 Table 3 4 View menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Main Toolbar This menu item hides or shows the main toolbar see Sec tion 3 14 The Main toolbar Filter Toolbar This menu item hides or shows the filter toolbar see Sec tion 3 15 The Filter toolbar Statusbar This menu item hides or shows the statusbar see Section 3 19 The Statusbar Packet List This menu item hides or shows the packet list pane see Sec 39 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description tion 3 16 The Packet List pane Packet Details This menu item hides or shows the packet details pane see Sec tion 3 17 The Packet Details pane Packet Bytes This menu item hides or shows the packet bytes pane see Sec tion 3 18 The Packet Bytes pane Time Display Format gt Date and Time of Selecting this tells Wiresh
80. 01 Oc 7c OO 50 3c 36 95 f8 OO 00 00 00 70 02 fa fO 27 e0 00 00 G2 04 05 b4 01 01 04 02 File D test pcap 14 KB 00 00 02 P 120 D 103 M 0 Expert Error 4 As you might have noticed only packets of the TCP protocol are displayed now e g packets 1 10 are hidden The packet numbering will remain as before so the first packet shown is now packet number 11 Note When using a display filter all packets remain in the capture file The display filter only changes the display of the capture file but not its content You can filter on any protocol that Wireshark understands You can also filter on any field that a dissect or adds to the tree view but only if the dissector has added an abbreviation for the field A list of such fields is available in Wireshark in the Add Expression dialog box You can find more information on the Add Expression dialog box in Section 6 5 The Filter Expression dialog box For example to narrow the packet list pane down to only those packets to or from the IP address 192 168 0 1 use ip addr 192 168 0 1 Note To remove the filter click on the Clear button to the right of the filter field 121 Working with captured packets 6 4 Building display filter expressions 6 4 1 6 4 2 Wireshark provides a simple but powerful display filter language that allows you to build quite complex filter expressions You can compare values in packets as well as combine expressions into
81. 1 af 07 04 01 34 OO b4 04 OO 2e OO 10 OO s2Asssef sssssose 0030 OO 00 OO OO a0 de 97 Gc di 11 82 71 00 57 80 fO l g W he Frame 342 bytes Reassembled DCE RPC 1604 bytes Note The additional pages might contain data picked from multiple packets The context menu right mouse click of the tab labels will show a list of all available pages This can be helpful if the size in the pane is too small for all the tab labels 63 User Interface 3 19 The Statusbar The statusbar displays informational messages In general the left side will show context related information the middle part will show the current number of packets and the right side will show the selected configuration profile Drag the handles between the text areas to change the size Figure 3 17 The initial Statusbar Ready to load or capture No Packets Profile Default This statusbar is shown while no capture file is loaded e g when Wireshark is started Figure 3 18 The Statusbar with a loaded capture file File shome stig http pcap 1673 KB 00 00 32 Packets 2239 Displayed 2239 Marked 0 Profile Default e The colorized bullet on the left shows the highest expert info level found in the currently loaded capture file Hovering the mouse over this icon will show a textual description of the expert info level and clicking the icon will bring up the Expert Infos dialog box For a detailed description of expert info see Sec
82. 41145 128 121 50 122 http 18 8994 9 6885 9 2 2 10 211 55 3 45168 193 69 165 57 http 4 3336 1 ae z aaas 10 211 55 3 193 69 165 5 45169 10 211 55 3 50948 81 7 166 249 Prepare a Filter gt Not Selected gt A gt B 10 211 55 3 41632 194 237 107 Find Packet gt and Selected A lt B 10 211 55 3 51305 193 69 165 2 AES b A lt gt 021553 50101 9076 14517 Seley Conversation or Selected A ANY 10 211 55 3 41623 209 85 141 99 http 4 1967 and not Selected A gt ANY 10 211 55 3 43305 62 70 11 43 http 2 1959 or not Selected A lt ANY 10 211 55 3 51291 193 69 165 29 http 2 187 r 541I ANY lt gt B X gt SSE D E Name resolution Limit to display filter ANY gt B Each row in the list shows the statistical values for exactly one conversation Name resolution will be done if selected in the window and if it is active for the specific protocol layer MAC layer for the selected Ethernet endpoints page Limit to display filter will only show conversations matching the current display filter The copy button will copy the list values to the clipboard in CSV Comma Separated Values format 165 Statistics Tip This window will be updated frequently so it will be useful even if you open it before or while you are doing a live capture 8 4 3 The protocol specific Conversation List windows Before the combined wind
83. 6 Defining and saving filters Display Filters Analyze Display ES Filters This item brings up a dialog box that allows you to create and edit display filters You can name filters and you can save them for future use More detail on this subject is provided in Section 6 6 Defining and saving filters TL Coloring Rules View Coloring ai Rules This item brings up a dialog box that allows you col or packets in the packet list pane according to filter expressions you choose It can be very useful for spotting certain types of packets More detail on this subject is provided in Section 9 3 Packet coloriza tion Preferences Edit Preferences This item brings up a dialog box that allows you to set preferences for many parameters that control Wireshark You can also save your preferences so Wireshark will use them the next time you start it More detail is provided in Section 9 5 Preferences Help Help Contents This item brings up help dialog box 58 User Interface 3 15 The Filter toolbar The filter toolbar lets you quickly edit and apply display filters More information on display filters is available in Section 6 3 Filtering packets while viewing Figure 3 12 The Filter toolbar Miter 7 dp Expression Yx gear y Apply Table 3 12 Filter toolbar items Toolbar Toolbar Item Description Icon Filter ES Brings up the filter construction dialog de
84. Apply No Time Source Destination Protocol Info 1025 gt 5000 Frame 23 60 b s on wire 60 s Ca 3 Ethernet II Src Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d Expand Subtrees cd 02 00 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 Expand All 168 0 2 Transmission Control Protocol sre Port 1025 Collapse All 00 Seq 1 Ack 1 Len 0 Source port 1025 1025 Copy gt Destination port 5000 5000 Sequence number 1 relative sequence numb Export Selected Packet Bytes Acknowledgement number 1 relative ack UES selected Header length 20 bytes Prepare a Filter gt Not Selected Flags 0x10 CACK Follow TCP Stream and Selected window size 3072 F SSL Strean vor Selected Checksum Oxe797 correct and not Selected SEQ ACK analysis Wik Protocol Page s of not Selected Filter Field Reference Protocol Preferences NI 23 Decode As ivet esponding Pa Frame Frame 60 bytes P 120 D 120 M 0 The following table gives an overview of which functions are available in this pane where to find the corresponding function in the main menu and a short description of each item Table 6 2 The menu items of the Packet Details pop up menu 117 Working with captured packets Item Identical to main Description menu s item Expand Subtrees View Expand the currently selected subtree Expand All View Expand all subtrees in all
85. CP stream which is displayed in the SEQ ACK analysis fields of the TCP protocol e Links If Wireshark detected a relationship to another packet in the capture file it will generate a link to that packet Links are underlined and displayed in blue If double clicked Wireshark jumps to the corresponding packet 62 User Interface 3 18 The Packet Bytes pane The packet bytes pane shows the data of the current packet selected in the Packet List pane in a hex dump style Figure 3 15 The Packet Bytes pane TT TT Th TT TF TT 00 Ob Sd 20 cd 02 08 06 OO Ol aaccccce cucnee 0010 08 OO 06 04 00 01 00 Ob Sd 20 cd 02 cO aS OO O2 J ss 0020 00 00 00 00 00 00 cO AB 00 OF ee so As usual for a hexdump the left side shows the offset in the packet data in the middle the packet data is shown in a hexadecimal representation and on the right the corresponding ASCH characters or if not appropriate are displayed Depending on the packet data sometimes more than one page is available e g when Wireshark has re assembled some packets into a single chunk of data see Section 7 6 Packet Reassembling In this case there are some additional tabs shown at the bottom of the pane to let you select the page you want to see Figure 3 16 The Packet Bytes pane with tabs 08 00 06 ab 04 53 08 06 6b 7f bd 08 peneeSeae eKenecke a 0010 01 48 33 c7 00 00 1e 11 dd 51 be aS 08 Oa be as H3 Qs 3 0020 09 32 4
86. D2 LCID3 LCID4 LCIDS LCID6 LCID7 LCID8 LCID9 LCID10 Predefined UL SDUs 0 0 UL Bytes o o DL SDUs 140 140 DL Bytes 1540 22400 Heip close The top pane shows statistics for common channels Each row in the middle pane shows statistical high lights for exactly one UE C RNTI In the lower pane you can see the for the currently selected UE C RNTI the traffic broken down by individual channel 173 Statistics 8 10 Service Response Time The service response time is the time between a request and the corresponding response This informa tion is available for many protocols Service response time statistics are currently available for the following protocols DCE RPC Fibre Channel H 225 RAS LDAP LTE MAC MGCP ONC RPC SMB As an example the DCE RPC service response time is described in more detail Note The other Service Response Time windows will work the same way or only slightly dif ferent compared to the following description 8 10 1 The Service Response Time DCE RPC window The service response time of DCE RPC is the time between the request and the corresponding response First of all you have to select the DCE RPC interface Figure 8 8 The Compute DCE RPC statistics window 174 Statistics Wireshark Compute DCE RPC SRT statistics ig 5f Program ATSC EPM Version Beej o O You can optionally set a display filter to reduce the amount of packets
87. Dir and InstallDirRegKey It must be the last parameter used in the command line and must not contain any quotes even if the path contains spaces Example wireshark setup 1 0 0 exe NCRC S desktopicon yes quicklaunchicon no D C Program Files Foo Manual WinPcap Installation Note As mentioned above the Wireshark installer takes care of the installation of Win Pcap so usually you don t have to worry about WinPcap at all The following is only necessary if you want to try a different version than the one included in the Wire shark installer e g because a new WinPcap beta version was released Additional WinPcap versions including newer alpha or beta releases can be downloaded from the fol lowing locations e The main WinPcap site http www winpcap org e The Wiretapped net mirror http www mirrors wiretapped net security packet capture winpcap At the download page you will find a single installer exe called something like auto installer which can be installed under various Windows systems including NT4 0 2000 XP Vista Update Wireshark From time to time you may want to update your installed Wireshark to a more recent version If you join Wireshark s announce mailing list you will be informed about new Wireshark versions see Sec tion 1 6 4 Mailing Lists for details how to subscribe to this list New versions of Wireshark usually become available every 4 to 8 months Updating Wireshark is done the
88. FEC 3COMXNS 3Com XNS Encapsulation 3GPP2 411 3GPP2 411 802 11 MGT IEEE 802 11 wireless LAN management frame 802 11 Radiotap IEEE 802 11 Radiotap Capture header 802 3 Slow protocols Slow Protocols 9P Plan 9 9P AAL1 ATM AALI AAL3 4 ATM 4AL3 4 AARP Appletalk Address Resolution Protocol ACAP Application Configuration Access Protocol ACP133 ACP133 Attribute Syntaxes ACSE 150 8650 1 OSI Association Control Service ACtrace 4udioCodes Trunk Trace ADP Aruba 4ruba Discovery Protocol AFP Apple Filing Protocol AFS RX Andrew File System AF5 AH Authentication Header AIM AOL Instant Messenger AIM Administration AIM Administrative v gt CS CS CS CS CSCS CSS SSS SSCS SSCS SS Disabling a protocol prevents higher layer protocols from being displayed Enable All Disable All Te T To disable or enable a protocol simply click on it using the mouse or press the space bar when the pro tocol is highlighted Note that typing the first few letters of the protocol name when the Enabled Proto cols dialog box is active will temporarily open a search text box and automatically select the first match ing protocol name if it exists O Warning You have to use the Save button to save your settings The OK or Apply buttons will not save your changes permanently so they will be lost when Wireshark is closed You can choose from the following actions 190 Customizing Wireshark 1 Enable All Enable all pro
89. M H 225 RAS H 225 LDAP stration NB NE MTPS NP gt http SYN Seq 0 Len 0 M55 RTP ONC RPC v SCTP scsi gt SIP swe Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 62 a i mez Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 VoIP Calls lt 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Protocol Src 192 16 WAP WSP 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Transmission Control Protocol BOOTP DHCP st Port http 80 Seq O Len O Source port 3196 3196 Destination port http 80 Sequence number O relat HTTP Header length 28 bytes IP add Flags 0x0002 SYN ee Window size 64240 ISUP Messages SOS Sb Sd Te oe Oo Multicast Streams b 2d 00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 ONC RPC Programs OO 01 Smee EET Packet Length a TO 27 e0 00 00 02 04 Port Type TCP Stream Graph ransmission Control Protocol tcp 28 bytes JP 120 D 120 M 0 R Destinations Flow Graph All menu items will bring up a new window showing specific statistical information Table 3 8 Statistics menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Summary Show information about the data captured see Section 8 2 The Summary window Protocol Hier archy Display a hierarchical tree of protocol statistics see Section 8 3 The Protocol Hierarchy window Conversations Display a list of conversations traffic between two endpoints see Section 8 4 2 The Conversations window
90. Network Monitor captures e AIX s iptrace captures e Cinco Networks NetXray captures e Network Associates Windows based Sniffer and Sniffer Pro captures 89 File Input Output and Printing e Network General Network Associates DOS based Sniffer compressed or uncompressed captures e AG Group WildPackets EtherPeek TokenPeek AiroPeek EtherHelp PacketGrabber captures e RADCOM s WAN LAN Analyzer captures e Network Instruments Observer version 9 captures e Lucent Ascend router debug output e HP UX s nettl e Toshiba s ISDN routers dump output e ISDN4BSD i4btrace utility e traces from the EyeSDN USB SO e IPLog format from the Cisco Secure Intrusion Detection System e pppd logs pppdump format e the output from VMS s TCPIPtrace TCPtrace UCX TRACE utilities e the text output from the DBS Etherwatch VMS utility e Visual Networks Visual UpTime traffic capture e the output from CoSine L2 debug e the output from Accellent s 5Views LAN agents e Endace Measurement Systems ERF format captures e Linux Bluez Bluetooth stack hcidump w traces e Catapult DCT2000 out files e Gammu generated text output from Nokia DCT3 phones in Netmonitor mode e IBM Series OS 400 Comm traces ASCII amp UNICODE e Juniper Netscreen snoop captures e Symbian OS btsnoop captures e Tamosoft Comm View captures e Textronix K12xx 32bit rf5 format captures e Textronix K12 text file format captures e Wireshark pcapng captures Experimental
91. Program with the Program or with a work based on the Program on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License 3 You may copy and distribute the Program or a work based on it under Section 2 in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following a Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine readable source code which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or 286 This Document s License GPL b Accompany it with a written offer valid for at least three years to give any third party for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution a complete machine readable copy of the corresponding source code to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or c Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer in accord with Subsection b above The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it For an executable work complete source code means all the source code for a
92. Request Code an application request e g File Handle x usually Chat level e Undecoded dissector incomplete or data can t be decoded for other reasons e Reassemble problems while reassembling e g not all fragments were available or an exception happened while reassembling e Malformed malformed packet or dissector has a bug dissection of this packet aborted e Debug debugging should not occur in release versions It s possible that more such group values will be added in the future 7 3 1 3 Protocol The protocol in which the expert info was caused 7 3 1 4 Summary Each expert info will also have a short additional text with some further explanation 7 3 2 Expert Info Composite dialog From the main menu you can open the expert info dialog using Analyze Expert Info Composite XXX Analyze Expert Info also exists but is subject to removal and therefore not explained here XXX add explanation of the dialogs context menu 144 Advanced Topics l Wireshark 92 Expert Infos Errors 0 Group Y Protocol 4 Summary 4 Count Sequence TCP Previous segment lost common at capture start 11 Sequence TCP Fast retransmission suspected 5 7 3 2 1 Errors Warnings Notes Chats tabs An easy and quick way to find the most interesting infos rather than using the Details tab is to have a look at the separate tabs for each severity level As the tab label also contains the num
93. S here s a short comparison Both mechanisms are used to convert an IP address to some human readable domain name The usual DNS call gethostname will try to convert the address to a name To do this it will first ask the systems hosts file e g etc hosts if it finds a matching entry If that fails it will ask the configured DNS server s about the name So the real difference between DNS and ADNS comes when the system has to wait for the DNS server about a name resolution The system call gethostname will wait until a name is resolved or an error oc curs If the DNS server is unavailable this might take quite a while several seconds The ADNS ser vice will work a bit differently It will also ask the DNS server but it won t wait for the answer It will just return to Wireshark in a very short amount of time The actual and the following address fields won t show the resolved name until the ADNS call returned As mentioned above the values get cached so you can use View Reload to update these fields to show the resolved values hosts name resolution hosts file If DNS name resolution failed Wireshark will try to convert an IP address to the hostname associated with it using a hosts file provided by the user e g 216 239 37 99 gt www google com IPX name resolution network layer ipxnet name resolution ipxnets file XXX add ipxnets name resolution explanation TCP UDP port name resolution transport layer Tr
94. Settings and Application Data might be internationalized NT 4 no longer supported by C WINNT Profiles lt username gt Application Wireshark Data Wireshark ME 98 with enabled user pro In Windows ME and 98 you can enable separate user profiles In files no longer supported by that case something like Wireshark C windows Profiles lt username gt Application Data Wireshark is used ME 98 95 no longer supported The default in Windows ME 98 95 is all users work with the by Wireshark same profile which is located at C windows Application Data Wireshark A 3 2 Windows Vista XP 2000 NT roaming profiles The following will only be applicable if you are using roaming profiles This might be the case if you work in a Windows domain environment used in company networks The configurations of all pro grams you use won t be saved on the local hard drive of the computer you are currently working on but on the domain server As Wireshark is using the correct places to store its profile data your settings will travel with you if you logon to a different computer the next time There is an exception to this The Local Settings folder in your profile data typically something like C Documents and Settings lt username gt Local Settings will not be transferred to the domain server This is the default for temporary capture files 262 Files and Folders A 3 3 Windows temporary folder Wireshark uses the folder w
95. Stream but for SSL XXX add a new section describing this better Wiki Protocol Page Show the wiki page corresponding to the currently selected protocol in your web browser Filter Field Ref erence Show the filter field reference web page corresponding to the currently selected protocol in your web browser Protocol Prefer ences The menu item takes you to the properties dialog and selects the page corresponding to the protocol if there are properties associated with the highlighted field More information on pref erences can be found in Figure 9 8 The preferences dialog box Decode As Analyze Change or apply a new relation between two dissectors Resolve Name View Causes a name resolution to be performed for the selected packet but NOT every packet in the capture Go to Corres Go ponding Packet If the selected field has a corresponding packet go to it Cor responding packets will usually be a request response packet pair or such 119 Working with captured packets 6 3 Filtering packets while viewing Wireshark has two filtering languages One used when capturing packets and one used when displaying packets In this section we explore that second type of filter Display filters The first one has already been dealt with in Section 4 9 Filtering while capturing Display filters allow you to concentrate on the packets you are interested in while hiding the currently unint
96. Trailer size If there is a trailer protocol after the payload protocol this tells which size this trailer is A value of 0 disables the trailer protocol Trailer protocol The name of the trailer protocol to be used uses data as default 209 Customizing Wireshark 9 17 IKEv2 decryption table Wireshark can decrypt Encrypted Payloads of IKEv2 Internet Key Exchange version 2 packets if ne cessary information is provided Note that you can decrypt only IKEv2 packets with this feature If you want to decrypt IKEv1 packets or ESP packets use Log Filename setting under ISAKMP protocol pref erence or settings under ESP protocol preference respectively This table is handled by an Initiator s SPI Responder s SPI SK_ei SK_er Encryption Algorithm SK_ai SK_ar Integrity Algorithm Section 9 7 User Table with the following fields Initiator s SPI of the IKE_SA This field takes hexadecimal string without Ox prefix and the length must be 16 hex chars represents 8 octets Responder s SPI of the IKE_SA This field takes hexadecimal string without Ox prefix and the length must be 16 hex chars represents 8 octets Key used to encrypt decrypt IKEv2 packets from initiator to responder This field takes hexadecimal string without Ox prefix and its length must meet the requirement of the encryption algorithm selected Key used to encrypt decrypt IKEv2 packets from responder to initiator This fiel
97. When a single user has more than one password for different SNMP engines the first entry to match both is taken if you need a catch all engine id empty that entry should be the last one Which auth model to use either MD5 or SHA1 The authentication password Use xDD for unprintable characters An hexadecimal password must be entered as a sequence of xDD charac ters For example the hex password 010203040506 must be entered as x01 x02 x03 x04 x05 x06 Which encryption algorithm to use either DES or AES The privacy password Use xDD for unprintable characters An hexa decimal password must be entered as a sequence of xDD characters For example the hex password 010203040506 must be entered as x01 x02 x03 x04 x05 x06 208 Customizing Wireshark 9 16 User DLTs protocol table When a pcap file uses one of the user DLTs 147 to 162 wireshark uses this table to know which pro tocol s to use for each user DLT This table is handled by an Section 9 7 User Table with the following fields DLT One of the user dlts Payload protocol This is the name of the payload protocol the lowest layer in the packet data e g eth for ethernet ip for IPv4 Header size If there is a header protocol before the payload protocol this tells which size this header is A value of 0 disables the header protocol Header protocol The name of the header protocol to be used uses data as default
98. Wireshark User s Guide 28442 for Wireshark 1 0 0 Ulf Lamping Richard Sharpe NS Computer Software and Services P L Ed Warnicke Wireshark User s Guide 28442 for Wireshark 1 0 0 by Ulf Lamping Richard Sharpe and Ed Warnicke Copyright 2004 2008 Ulf Lamping Richard Sharpe Ed Warnicke Permission is granted to copy distribute and or modify this document under the terms of the GNU General Public License Ver sion 2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation All logos and trademarks in this document are property of their respective owner Table of Contents PreLAaCe 2 2 555555 555b4 ooteos te anda ts pothsei ntedeoas Deen adsl yecasta yooh haa TE E ee E EE ty eae ta at ete ees ix Le FOTO WOLKE RE E E tes Votes sss etagas sds bie ase oc ise ad sstots E E ePeaeahg ees ix 2 Who should read this document 0 0 0 0 cece cee cece cence ceca cece een eeea eens eens eeueeeneeennees x 3 Ackiowledsements i nonn ain a oe Rete eb a E EEE bad AEOS xi 4 About this dOCUMENE mss eree En ver EE aE EE EE ESEE E E EEEE ates sie xii 5 Where to get the latest copy of this document 00 0 0 cece cence eee eeeeneeeeeees xiii 6 Providing feedback about this document 2 0 0 0 cece cece cece cn ee ee eece cena eeneeeneeennees xiv To Introduction wis EE E E Aa A a ed 1 1 1 Whatas Wireshark 3s 0so2s55cs cesnes st ages dence oaee Poa EErEE omnis vos EEEE EPOR In ESER TDi 1 1 1 1 Some intended purposes ese
99. _field represents a numeric value int uint or float is to be treated as a Big Endi an network order Value 10 4 7 1 1 1 Returns The child item 10 4 7 1 2 treeitem add_le Adds and returns an child item to a given item returning the child tree_item add proto_field proto tvbrange label if the proto_field represents a numeric value int uint or float is to be treated as a Little Endian Value 10 4 7 1 2 1 Returns The child item 10 4 7 1 3 treeitem set_text text Sets the text of the label 10 4 7 1 3 1 Arguments text The text to be used 10 4 7 1 4 treeitem append_text text Appends text to the label 243 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 7 1 4 1 Arguments text The text to be appended 10 4 7 1 5 treeitem set_expert_flags group severity Sets the expert flags of the item 10 4 7 1 5 1 Arguments group optional One of PI CHECKSUM PI_SEQUENCE PI_RESPONSE_CODE PI_REQUEST_CODE PI_UNDECODED PI_LREASSEMBLE PI_MALFORMED or PI_DEBUG severity optional One of PI_CHAT PI_LNOTE PILWARN PI_ERROR 10 4 7 1 6 treeitem add_expert_info group severity text Sets the expert flags of the item and adds expert info to the packet 10 4 7 1 6 1 Arguments group optional One of PI CHECKSUM PI_SEQUENCE PI_RESPONSE_CODE PI_REQUEST_CODE PI_UNDECODED PI_LREASSEMBLE PI_MALFORMED or PI_DEBUG severity optional One of PI_CHAT PI_NOTE PI_LWARN PI_ERROR text op
100. a 1 1 4 Import files from many other capture programs Wireshark can open packets captured from a large number of other capture programs For a list of input formats see Section 5 2 2 Input File Formats 1 1 5 Export files for many other capture programs Wireshark can save packets captured in a large number of formats of other capture programs For a list of output formats see Section 5 3 2 Output File Formats Introduction 1 1 6 Many protocol decoders 1 1 7 1 1 8 There are protocol decoders or dissectors as they are known in Wireshark for a great many protocols see Appendix B Protocols and Protocol Fields Open Source Software Wireshark is an open source software project and is released under the GNU General Public License GPL You can freely use Wireshark on any number of computers you like without worrying about li cense keys or fees or such In addition all source code is freely available under the GPL Because of that it is very easy for people to add new protocols to Wireshark either as plugins or built into the source and they often do What Wireshark is not Here are some things Wireshark does not provide e Wireshark isn t an intrusion detection system It will not warn you when someone does strange things on your network that he she isn t allowed to do However if strange things happen Wireshark might help you figure out what is really going on e Wireshark will not manipula
101. ackets chronologscaly O Append packets to existing fle Torem test _00008_20050819161509 pcap testi _00009_20080819161510 pcap test 00010 _20050819181512 pcap test 00011 2005031918151 3 pcap test _00012_20050819181514 pcap testi _00013_20050819161516 pcap test _00014_20050819181517 pcap test1_00007_2006061 St 61508 pcap Filename Format Stee 1074 bytes Packets n Fiest Packet Elpsed 0000 01 20050619 181503 test 00015 _20 test _00016_20 test 00017 20 test 00018 _20 test _00019_20 test 00020 _20 test 00021 _20 gt deen Cie test _00007_20050819181508 posp WoesharkAcpdumpy ibpeap Figure 5 8 Merge new GTK version Ethereal Merge with Capture File Unix Linux GTK version gt 2 4 This is the common Gimp GNOME file open dia log plus some Wireshark extensions Wireuberk Merge with Capture File Renan Fite Unix Linux GTK version lt 2 4 This is the file open dialog of former Gimp GNOME versions plus some Wireshark exten sions 97 File Input Output and Printing 5 5 File Sets When using the Multiple Files option while doing a capture see Section 4 7 Capture files and file modes the capture data is spread over several capture files called a file set As it can become tedious to work with a file set by hand Wireshark provides some features to handle these file sets in a convenient way How
102. ae oe iat eae eee 255 AA Tabpeap File Contents opassen E ph tune sch vena dep eee essen Sec aee tees 255 A 1 2 Not Saved in the Capture File 2 0 0 0 eee ee ce eeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenees 255 A 2 Configuration Files and Folders ccc cece cece ceeccneece cece eca cena eeaeeeuceneeeenees 257 A 32 Windows folders i fees eecebesag ecko sloeeees ig aer E EEEE SI EEE gests ES ent 262 Aj3 1 Windows profiles v s ccce sseccssesssbead esiecseacssepteag see deecg EES REE EEEO SETERS 262 A 3 2 Windows Vista XP 2000 NT roaming profiles cee cee cence eee ee ee 262 A 3 3 Windows temporary folder 0 eee ee ce eece ence neces ceeeceeeeaeeeneeenes 263 B Protocols and Protocol Fields sereen onae E a EN geste REEE Ee e a ESPEROS 265 C Wireshark Messages einne n ea aE E a E EE OES A EEEE TEENE EERSTES 266 Crd Packet List Messages aiass fcshee eeaeee e aa E i e a E dee 266 C 1 1 Malformed Packet concen ised Seen deh E ten EER E eee KE ee eat 266 C 1 2 Packet size limited during capture eee eee cece eeeeeeeneeea es 266 C 2 Packet Details Messages 20 0 0 E E ee ce ee ce ee ceeeee seen seca sean A ATE A 267 C221 Response iniframe 12 3 ssossisspercssapaeieiasbarnedeaascisans pestersapaties saan ee 267 C 2 2 Request 1n frame 123 Terent rinena kee TEE E O EAEE REES 267 C 2 3 Time from request 0 123 seconds mcsreeissomijanesnin adni eni iaa 267 C 2 4 Stream setup by PROTOCOL
103. an or equal to frame len lt 0x20 In addition all protocol fields are typed Table 6 4 Display Filter Field Types provides a list of the types and example of how to express them Table 6 4 Display Filter Field Types Type Example Unsigned integer 8 bit 16 bit 24 bit 32 bit Signed integer 8 bit 16 bit 24 bit 32 bit You can express integers in decimal octal or hexadecimal The following display filters are equivalent ip len le 1500 ip len le 02734 ip len le 0x436 Boolean A boolean field is present in the protocol decode only if its value is true For example tep flags syn is present and thus true only if the SYN flag is present in a TCP segment header Thus the filter expression tep flags syn will select only those packets for which this flag exists that is TCP segments where the segment header con tains the SYN flag Similarly to find source routed token ring packets use a filter expression of tr sr Ethernet address 6 bytes Separators can be a colon dot or dash and can have one or two bytes between separators eth dst ff ff ff ff ff ff eth dst ff ff ff ff ff ff eth dst ffff ffff ffff IPv4 address ip addr 192 168 0 1 123 Working with captured packets Type Example Classless InterDomain Routing CIDR notation can be used to test if an IPv4 address is in a certain subnet For example this display filt
104. anism to reassemble fragmen ted protocol data This too can often be enabled or disabled via the protocol preferences The tooltip of the higher level protocol setting will notify you if and which lower level protocol setting also has to be considered 153 Advanced Topics 7 7 Name Resolution 7 7 1 7 7 2 Name resolution tries to resolve some of the numerical address values into a human readable format There are two possible ways to do these conversations depending on the resolution to be done calling system network services like the gethostname function and or evaluate from Wireshark specific con figuration files For details about the configuration files Wireshark uses for name resolution and alike see Appendix A Files and Folders The name resolution feature can be en disabled separately for the protocol layers of the following sec tions Name Resolution drawbacks Name resolution can be invaluable while working with Wireshark and may even save you hours of work Unfortunately it also has its drawbacks e Name resolution will often fail The name to be resolved might simply be unknown by the name servers asked or the servers are just not available and the name is also not found in Wireshark s con figuration files e The resolved names are not stored in the capture file or somewhere else So the resolved names might not be available if you open the capture file later or on a different machine Each time y
105. are capturing on an 802 11 device on some versions of BSD this might offer a choice of Ether net or 802 11 Ethernet will cause the captured packets to have fake Ethernet headers 802 11 will cause them to have IEEE 802 11 headers Unless the capture needs to be read by an application that doesn t support 802 11 headers you should select 802 11 If you are capturing on an Endace DAG card connected to a synchronous serial line this might offer a choice of PPP over serial or Cisco HDLC if the protocol on the serial line is PPP select PPP over serial and if the protocol on the serial line is Cisco HDLC select Cisco HDLC If you are capturing on an Endace DAG card connected to an ATM network this might offer a choice of RFC 1483 IP over ATM or Sun raw ATM If the only traffic being captured is RFC 1483 LLC encapsulated IP or if the capture needs to be read by an application that doesn t support Sun ATM head ers select RFC 1483 IP over ATM otherwise select Sun raw ATM If you are capturing on an Ethernet device this might offer a choice of Ethernet or DOCSIS If you are capturing traffic from a Cisco Cable Modem Termination System that is putting DOCSIS traffic onto the Ethernet to be captured select DOCSIS otherwise select Ethernet 79 Capturing Live Network Data 4 9 Filtering while capturing Wireshark uses the libpcap filter language for capture filters This is explained in the tcpdump man
106. ark to display the time stamps in date and time of day format see Section 6 11 Time display formats Day and time references 1970 01 01 01 02 03 12345 Note 6 4 The fields Time of Day Date and Time of Day Seconds Since Beginning of Capture Seconds Since Previous Captured Packet and Seconds Since Previous Displayed Packet are mutually ex clusive Time Display Format gt Time Selecting this tells Wireshark to display time stamps in time of of Day day format see Section 6 11 Time display formats and time ref 01 02 03 12345 erences 6 Time Display Format gt Selecting this tells Wireshark to display time stamps in seconds Seconds Since since beginning of capture format see Section 6 11 Time dis Beginning of play formats and time references Capture 123 123456 Time Display Format gt Selecting this tells Wireshark to display time stamps in seconds Seconds Since since previous captured packet format see Section 6 11 Time Previous Cap display formats and time references tured Packet 1 123456 Time Display Format gt Selecting this tells Wireshark to display time stamps in seconds Seconds Since since previous displayed packet format see Section 6 11 Time Previous Dis display formats and time references played Packet 1 123456 Time Display Format gt Selecting this tells Wireshark to display time stamps in seconds Seconds Si
107. ars in the tree desc optional Description of the field 10 4 6 6 22 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 23 ProtoField oid abbr name desc 10 4 6 6 23 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 10 4 6 6 23 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 24 ProtoField bool abbr name desc 10 4 6 6 24 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 242 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 6 6 24 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 7 Non Method Functions 10 4 6 7 1 register_postdissector proto Make a protocol with a dissector a postdissector It will be called for every frame after dissection 10 4 6 7 1 1 Arguments proto the protocol to be used as postdissector 10 4 7 Adding information to the dissection tree 10 4 7 1 Treeltem TreelItems represent information in the packet details pane A root TreeItem is passed to dissectors as first argument 10 4 7 1 1 treeitem add Adds an child item to a given item returning the child tree_item add proto_field proto tvbrange label if the proto
108. at filter to the clipboard Copy Bytes Offset Hex Text Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard in hexdump like format Copy Bytes Offset Hex Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard in hexdump like format but without the text portion Copy Bytes Printable Text Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard as ASCII text excluding Only non printable characters Copy Bytes Hex Stream Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard as an unpunctuated list of hex digits Copy Bytes Binary Stream Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard as raw binary The data is stored in the clipboard as MIME type application oct et stream This option is not available in versions of Wireshark built using GTK 1 x Export Selected File Packet Bytes This menu item is the same as the File menu item of the same name It allows you to export raw packet bytes to a binary file 116 Working with captured packets Item Identical to main Description menu s item Decode As Analyze Change or apply a new relation between two dissectors Print File Print packets Show Packet in View New Window Display the selected packet in a new window 6 2 2 Pop up menu of the Packet Details pane Figure 6 4 Pop up menu of the Packet Details pane test cap Wireshark File Edit Yiew Go Capture Analyze Statistics Help Sweaew oars 6 8 ee oF PG QaAaaqasia Eiter v Expression Clear
109. at to another by reading in a capture file and writing it out using a different format Click on the Save Ok button to accept your selected file and save to it If Wireshark has a problem saving the captured packets to the file you specified it will display an error dialog box After click ing OK on that error dialog box you can try again Click on the Cancel button to go back to Wireshark and not save the captured packets Output File Formats Wireshark can save the packet data in its native file format libpcap and in the file formats of some other protocol analyzers so other tools can read the capture data A File formats have different time stamp accuracies Saving from the currently used file format to a different format may reduce the time stamp accuracy see the Section 7 4 Time Stamps for details The following file formats can be saved by Wireshark with the known file extensions libpcap tcpdump and various other tools using tcpdump s capture format pcap cap dmp Accellent 5Views 5vw HP UX s nettl TRCO TRC1 Microsoft Network Monitor NetMon cap Network Associates Sniffer DOS cap enc tre fdc syc Network Associates Sniffer Windows cap Network Instruments Observer version 9 bfr Novell LANalyzer tr1 94 File Input Output and Printing e Sun snoop snoop cap e Visual Networks Visual UpTime traffic e _ new file formats are added fro
110. ata to The Packet Range frame is described in Section 5 8 The Packet Range frame There s no such thing as a packet details frame for PDML export as the packet format is defined by the PDML specification 5 6 7 The Export selected packet bytes dialog box Export the bytes selected in the Packet Bytes pane into a raw binary file Figure 5 15 The Export Selected Packet Bytes dialog box 104 File Input Output and Printing Ethereal Export Selected Packet Bytes Name Save in Folder PS Debug GTKe Will save 28 bytes of raw binary data to specified File Browse For other Folders e Name the filename to export the packet data to e The Save in folder field lets you select the folder to save to from some predefined folders e Browse for other folders provides a flexible way to choose a folder 5 6 8 The Export Objects dialog box This feature scans through HTTP streams in the currently open capture file or running capture and takes reassembled objects such as HTML documents image files executables and anything else that can be transferred over HTTP and lets you save them to disk If you have a capture running this list is automat ically updated every few seconds with any new objects seen The saved objects can then be opened with the proper viewer or executed in the case of executables if it is for the same platform you are running Wireshark on without any further work on your part T
111. ater e Stop capturing or doing some other action depending on the captured data 67 Capturing Live Network Data 4 2 Prerequisites Setting up Wireshark to capture packets for the first time can be tricky Tip A comprehensive guide How To setup a Capture is available at ht tp wiki wireshark org CaptureSetup Here are some common pitfalls e You need to have root Administrator privileges to start a live capture e You need to choose the right network interface to capture packet data from e You need to capture at the right place in the network to see the traffic you want to see e and a lot more If you have any problems setting up your capture environment you should have a look at the guide men tioned above 68 Capturing Live Network Data 4 3 Start Capturing One of the following methods can be used to start capturing packets with Wireshark nr e You can get an overview of the available local interfaces using the E Capture Interfaces dialog box see Figure 4 1 The Capture Interfaces dialog box on Microsoft Windows or Figure 4 2 The Capture Interfaces dialog box on Unix Linux You can start a capture from this dialog box using one of the Capture button s e You can start capturing using the wl Capture Options dialog box see Figure 4 3 The Cap ture Options dialog box e Ifyou have selected the right capture options before you can imm
112. ation address the expression will evaluate to true whenever at least one of the two addresses differs from 1 2 3 4 If you want to filter out all packets containing IP datagrams to or from IP address 1 2 3 4 then the cor rect filter is ip addr 1 2 3 4 as it reads show me all the packets for which it is not true that a field 125 Working with captured packets named ip addr exists with a value of 1 2 3 4 or in other words filter out all packets for which there are no occurrences of a field named ip addr with the value 1 2 3 4 126 Working with captured packets 6 5 The Filter Expression dialog box When you are accustomed to Wireshark s filtering system and know what labels you wish to use in your filters it can be very quick to simply type a filter string However if you are new to Wireshark or are working with a slightly unfamiliar protocol it can be very confusing to try to figure out what to type The Filter Expression dialog box helps with this Tip N The Filter Expression dialog box is an excellent way to learn how to write Wireshark display filter strings Figure 6 6 The Filter Expression dialog box Wireshark Filter Expression Field name Relation 2dparityfec i is present 3COMXNS 3GPP2 A11 802 11 MGT 802 11 Radiotap 802 3 Slow protocols 9P AALI 4AL3 4 AARP ACAP ACP133 ACSE ACtrace ADP AFP a H o amp amp A 4 amp amp Fe amp When
113. available from the Edit menu and the Mark packet toggle function is also available from the pop up menu of the Packet List pane 136 Working with captured packets 6 11 Time display formats and time references While packets are captured each packet is timestamped These timestamps will be saved to the capture file so they will be available for later analysis A detailed description of timestamps timezones and alike can be found at Section 7 4 Time Stamps The timestamp presentation format and the precision in the packet list can be chosen using the View menu see Figure 3 5 The View Menu The available presentation formats are e Date and Time of Day 1970 01 01 01 02 03 123456 The absolute date and time of the day when the packet was captured e Time of Day 01 02 03 123456 The absolute time of the day when the packet was captured e Seconds Since Beginning of Capture 123 123456 The time relative to the start of the capture file or the first Time Reference before this packet see Section 6 11 1 Packet time referencing e Seconds Since Previous Captured Packet 1 123456 The time relative to the previous captured packet e Seconds Since Previous Displayed Packet 1 123456 The time relative to the previous displayed packet e Seconds Since Epoch 1970 01 01 1234567890 123456 The time relative to epoch midnight UTC of January 1 1970 The available precisions aka the number of d
114. ber of existing entries it s easy to find the tab with the most important entries There are usually a lot of identical expert infos only differing in the packet number These identical infos will be combined into a single line with a count column showing how often they appeared in the cap ture file Clicking on the plus sign shows the individual packet numbers in a tree view 7 3 2 2 Details tab The Details tab provides the expert infos in a log like view each entry on its own line much like the packet list As the amount of expert infos for a capture file can easily become very large getting an idea of the interesting infos with this view can take quite a while The advantage of this tab is to have all entries in the sequence as they appeared this is sometimes a help to pinpoint problems 7 3 3 Colorized Protocol Details Tree Frame 15 96 bytes on wire 96 bytes captured Ethernet If Src ichardH_00 09 ba 00 80 63 00 09 ba Ost uUscInfor_00 00 Internet Protocol Src 192 168 2 6 192 168 2 6 Dst 224 0 0 107 224 0 0 version 4 neater ler yt 20 byt es E Oifferentiated services Field Ox00 OSCP O00 Default GCN Ox0C Tota Ler yt 8 Ident if icat tor Oust SOF 17823 Flags On 00 Fraqnent 4 et Time to live 1 Prot oF 0x11 Header checksum Oed0e2 corre 192 165 2 0 192 1668 2 Dest inat tor 224 090 090 107 224 90 0 user Datagram Protocol Src Port ptp event 319 Ost Port ptp eve
115. by Wireshark and a lot of other tools supports a fixed microsecond resolution 0 123456 only Note Writing data into a capture file format that doesn t provide the capability to store the actual precision will lead to loss of information Example If you load a capture file with nano second resolution and store the capture data to a libpcap file with microsecond resolution Wireshark obviously must reduce the precision from nanosecond to microsecond Accuracy It s often asked Which time stamp accuracy is provided by Wireshark Well Wireshark doesn t cre ate any time stamps itself but simply gets them from somewhere else and displays them So accuracy will depend on the capture system operating system performance that you use Because of this the above question is difficult to answer in a general way Note USB connected network adapters often provide a very bad time stamp accuracy The in coming packets have to take a long and winding road to travel through the USB cable 147 Advanced Topics until they actually reach the kernel As the incoming packets are time stamped when they are processed by the kernel this time stamping mechanism becomes very inaccurate Conclusion don t use USB connected NIC s when you need precise time stamp accuracy XXX are there any such NIC s that generate time stamps on the USB hardware 148 Advanced Topics 7 5 Time Zones If you travel across the planet t
116. cap is shown below Example D 5 Simple example of using mergecap mergecap w outfile libpcap dhcp capture libpcap imap 1 libpcap 278 Related command line tools D 8 text2pcap Converting ASCII hexdumps to network captures There may be some occasions when you wish to convert a hex dump of some network traffic into a libp cap file Text2pcap is a program that reads in an ASCII hex dump and writes the data described into a libpcap style capture file text2pcap can read hexdumps with multiple packets in them and build a capture file of multiple packets text2pcap is also capable of generating dummy Ethernet IP and UDP headers in order to build fully processable packet dumps from hexdumps of application level data only Text2pcap understands a hexdump of the form generated by od A x t x1 In other words each byte is individually displayed and surrounded with a space Each line begins with an offset describing the posi tion in the file The offset is a hex number can also be octal see o of more than two hex digits Here is a sample dump that text2pcap can recognize 000000 00 e0 le a7 05 6f 00 10 000008 5a a0 b9 12 08 00 46 00 000010 03 68 00 00 00 00 Oa 2e 000018 ee 33 Of 19 08 TE Of 19 000020 03 80 94 04 00 00 10 OI 000028 16 a2 0a 00 03 50 00 Oc 000030 01 01 Of 19 03 80 11 O01 There is no limit on the width or number of bytes per line Also the text
117. ced packet Configuration Shift Ctrl A Profiles This menu item brings up a dialog box for handling configuration profiles More detail is provided in Section 9 6 Configuration Profiles Preferences Shift Ctrl P This menu item brings up a dialog box that allows you to set preferences for many parameters that control Wireshark You can also save your preferences so Wireshark will use them the next time you start it More detail is provided in Section 9 5 Preferences 38 User Interface 3 7 The View menu The Wireshark View menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 4 View menu items Figure 3 5 The View Menu test pcap Wireshark File Edit BYES Go Capture Analyze Statistics Help Bul o BIB a tEE a a Statusbar ay 4 Filter v lt p Expression Ys clear y Apply Packet List Packet Details Packet Bytes Destination Protocol Info Broadcast ARP Who has 192 168 0 2 Gratuitou Time Display Format Date and Time of Day 1970 01 01 01 02 03 123456 Name Resolution Time of Day 01 02 03 123456 p Report v Colorize Packet List Seconds Since Beginning of Capture 123 123456 v Auto Scroll in Live Capture Seconds Since Previous Packet 1 123456 Q Zoom In Ctrl Automatic File Format Precision Q Zoom Out Ctrl Seconds 0 i Q Normal Size Ctrl Deciseconds 0 1 LSYNJ Seq 0 Len 0 MS5 E Resize All Columns Centiseconds 0 12 Miliseconds 0 123 gt Microseconds
118. cense Therefore by modifying or distributing the Program or any work based on the Program you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so and all its terms and conditions for copying distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it 6 Each time you redistribute the Program or any work based on the Program the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients exercise of the rights granted herein You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License 7 If as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason not limited to patent issues conditions are imposed on you whether by court order agreement or otherwise that contradict the conditions of this License they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all For example if a patent license would not permit royalty free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Prog
119. ciated with running Wire shark remotely not to mention all the X traffic polluting your capture However the default tepdump parameters result in a capture file where each packet is truncated be cause tcpdump by default only captures the first 68 bytes of each packet To ensure that you capture complete packets use the following command tcpdump i lt interface gt s 1500 w lt some file gt You will have to specify the correct interface and the name of a file to save into In addition you will have to terminate the capture with C when you believe you have captured enough packets Note tcpdump is not part of the Wireshark distribution You can get it from ht tp www tcpdump org for various platforms 271 Related command line tools D 4 dumpcap Capturing with dumpcap for viewing with Wireshark Dumpcap is a network traffic dump tool It captures packet data from a live network and writes the packets to a file Dumpcap s native capture file format is libpcap format which is also the format used by Wireshark tcpdump and various other tools Without any options set it will use the pcap library to capture traffic from the first available network in terface and write the received raw packet data along with the packets time stamps into a libpcap file Packet capturing is performed with the pcap library The capture filter syntax follows the rules of the pcap library Example D 1 Help information availab
120. col specific Conversation List windows ssseecseeerrerrereees 166 8 3 Endpoints ss sccsciacssies ass das e E deny E A dp ou deen Sonus E EEEa 167 8 5 1 What isan Endpoint is sefoy eedek coeds tek bong clues Went ee eee deh eee ag 167 8 5 2 The Endpoints window ce cece na Eepe eE ER EREN E EE ESER 167 8 5 3 The protocol specific Endpoint List windows ssseeeesseeeeeerrereererees 168 8 6 The IO Graphs window iss scss5s3 poses ssanssag hss re sE EEE ET 169 8 7 Compare two capture files 0 00 0 cee cece cece eee e cee e cee eeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaees 171 8 8 WLAN Traffic Statistics c ccsusssvbise se eroana oT ean nE EE bien da EEEE SPENE SES eS osia 172 8 9 LTE MAC Traffic Statistics 0 0 ee kursse io eia eo e Se a Ee ani 173 8 10 Service Response Time siess ieonta ieee e a E E Eie 174 8 10 1 The Service Response Time DCE RPC window sscecsseecceererrerreree 174 8 11 The protocol specific statistics WINdOWS ccseceeseeceeececeeeceueeeeeeeceaueeeenees 176 9 Customizing Wireshark syen ssc gos sachey sud sages teaeahewak Sosatue E sss dave EA asta gundacestens 178 OL Imtroducton siea teed aA es eR edd a ey 178 9 2 Start Wireshark from the command line 0 0 0 0 eee ee ee ee eee ee cece eeneeeneeennees 179 9 3 Packet colorization p00 2328 a cada beseedtay eee so Ea doa Reba E A ESEE RTS 185 9 4 Control Protocol dissection mici oense apa EE EEEE S EE EENS 189 9 4 1 The
121. content of the selected packet when this dialog box is opened 4 Show Current Open a dialog box showing the current list of user specified decodes 5 OK Apply the currently selected decode and close the dialog box 6 Apply Apply the currently selected decode and keep the dialog box open 7 Cancel Cancel the changes and close the dialog box 9 4 3 Show User Specified Decodes This dialog box shows the currently active user specified decodes Figure 9 7 The Decode As Show dialog box 192 Customizing Wireshark Wireshark Decode As Show fal Initial Current UDP port 3193 none ADP 1 OK Close this dialog box 2 Clear Removes all user specified decodes 193 Customizing Wireshark 9 5 Preferences There are a number of preferences you can set Simply select the Preferences menu item from the Edit menu and Wireshark will pop up the Preferences dialog box as shown in Figure 9 8 The prefer ences dialog box with the User Interface page as default On the left side is a tree where you can se lect the page to be shown Note Preference settings are added frequently For a recent explanation of the preference pages and their settings have a look at the Wireshark Wiki Preferences page at ht tp wiki wireshark org Preferences A Warning The OK or Apply button will not save the preference settings you ll have to save the set tings by clicking the Save button e The OK b
122. counted more than once For example in some tunneling configurations the IP layer can appear twice 164 Statistics 8 4 Conversations 8 4 1 8 4 2 Statistics of the captured conversations What is a Conversation A network conversation is the traffic between two specific endpoints For example an IP conversation is all the traffic between two IP addresses The description of the known endpoint types can be found in Section 8 5 1 What is an Endpoint The Conversations window The conversations window is similar to the endpoint Window see Section 8 5 2 The Endpoints win dow for a description of their common features Along with addresses packet counters and byte coun ters the conversation window adds four columns the time in seconds between the start of the capture and the start of the conversation Rel Start the duration of the conversation in seconds and the aver age bits not bytes per second in each direction Figure 8 3 The Conversations window Conversations http pcap Pe ro Ethernet 1 iPva 15 l TCP 38 upp 1 TCP Conversations Filter http or dns Address A PotA Address B Port B Packets Bytes Packets A gt B Bytes A gt B Packets A lt B 10 211 55 3 60790 193 69 165 21 http 126 72615 63 28028 63 10 211 55 3 60789 193 69 165 21 http 104 64791 52 23330 52 10 211 55 3 41144 128 121 50 122 http 18 9991 9 6794 9 10 211 55 3
123. current display filter in effect You can choose to view the data in one of the following formats 1 ASCII In this view you see the data from each direction in ASCII Obviously best for ASCII based protocols e g HTTP 2 EBCDIC For the big iron freaks out there 3 HEX Dump This allows you to see all the data This will require a lot of screen space and is best used with binary protocols 4 C Arrays This allows you to import the stream data into your own C program 5 Raw This allows you to load the unaltered stream data into a different program for further examin ation The display will look the same as the ASCII setting but Save As will result in a binary file 142 Advanced Topics 7 3 Expert Infos The expert infos is a kind of log of the anomalies found by Wireshark in a capture file The general idea behind the following Expert Info is to have a better display of uncommon or just notable network behaviour This way both novice and expert users will hopefully find probable network problems a lot faster compared to scanning the packet list manually A Expert infos are only a hint Take expert infos as a hint what s worth looking at but not more For example The ab sence of expert infos doesn t necessarily mean everything is ok The amount of expert infos largely depends on the protocol E being used While some common protocols like TCP IP will show detailed expert infos most other protocol
124. d so different UDP ports on the same IP address are different UDP endpoints Broadcast multicast endpoints Broadcast multicast traffic will be shown separately as additional endpoints Of course as these endpoints are virtual endpoints the real traffic will be received by all multicast some of the listed unicast endpoints The Endpoints window This window shows statistics about the endpoints captured Figure 8 4 The Endpoints window 167 8 5 3 Statistics Endpoints p18 oy ele e aicea Ethernet 2 IPv4 16 l TcP 51 UDP 2 IPv4 Endpoints Filter http or dns Address Packets Bytes x Packets Tx Bytes Rx Packets Rx Bytes 10 211 55 3 367 211211 184 91005 183 120206 193 69 165 21 230 137406 115 86048 115 51358 128 121 50 122 36 18985 18 5306 18 13679 193 69 165 29 28 18580 14 10235 14 8345 10 211 55 1 24 4182 12 3275 12 907 8 58 8 Selected 62 70 11 43 6 3596 3 201 81 7 166 249 6 5165 3 18 Prepare a Filter gt Not Selected 81 93 163 170 7 3581 3 14 Find Frame gt and Selected 209 85 141 99 4 1967 2 am Colorize Host Traffic or Selected 81 93 172 130 4 1610 2 524 SS 194 237 107 553 4 3817 2 1830 2 198 and not Selected 193 88 71 150 4 2193 2 1037 2 115 or not Selected 66 102 9 99 2 1060 1 425 z 635 194 237 107 154 2 1252 1 277 1 975 lE W Name resolution Limit to display filter Help
125. d name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 10 4 6 6 14 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 15 ProtoField ether abbr name desc 10 4 6 6 15 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 10 4 6 6 15 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 16 ProtoField float abbr name desc 10 4 6 6 16 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 10 4 6 6 16 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 17 ProtoField double abbr name desc 10 4 6 6 17 1 Arguments 240 Lua Support in Wireshark abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 10 4 6 6 17 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 18 ProtoField string abbr name desc 10 4 6 6 18 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name o
126. d takes hexadecimal string without Ox prefix and its length must meet the requirement of the encryption algorithm selected Encryption algorithm of the IKE_SA Key used to calculate Integrity Checksum Data for IKEv2 packets from responder to initiator This field takes hexadecimal string without Ox prefix and its length must meet the requirement of the integrity al gorithm selected Key used to calculate Integrity Checksum Data for IKEv2 packets from initiator to responder This field takes hexadecimal string without Ox prefix and its length must meet the requirement of the integrity al gorithm selected Integrity algorithm of the IKE_SA 210 Customizing Wireshark 211 Chapter 10 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 1 Introduction Wireshark has an embedded Lua interpreter Lua is a powerful light weight programming language de signed for extending applications Lua is designed and implemented by a team at PUC Rio the Pontific al Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil Lua was born and raised at Tecgraf the Computer Graphics Technology Group of PUC Rio and is now housed at Lua org Both Tecgraf and Lua org are laboratories of the Department of Computer Science In Wireshark Lua can be used to write dissectors and taps Wireshark s Lua interpreter starts by loading init lua that is located in the global configuration directory of Wireshark Lua is disabled by default by setting the variable disable_lua to tru
127. dialog box discussed further in Section 4 5 The Capture Options dialog box and allows you to start capturing packets Start Immediately start capturing packets with the same settings than the last time 46 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description Stop Ctrl E This menu item stops the currently running capture see Sec tion 4 10 1 Stop the running capture Restart This menu item stops the currently running capture and starts again with the same options this is just for convenience Capture Fil ters This menu item brings up a dialog box that allows you to create and edit capture filters You can name filters and you can save them for future use More detail on this subject is provided in Section 6 6 Defining and saving filters 47 User Interface 3 10 The Analyze menu The Wireshark Analyze menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 7 Analyze menu items Figure 3 8 The Analyze Menu test pcap Wireshark File Edit View Go Capture EUEVEJA Statistics Help Display Filters m B EJ E Ed Q a Apply as Filter J Selected zx B a Q Prepare a Filter gt Not Selected 4 Filter Firewall ACL Rules wand Selected pM Ys clear Y Apply or Selected and not Selected or not Selected No Time Source Enabled Protocols Shift Ctrl R 1 0 000000 192 14 33 Decode AS as 192 168 0 2 Gratuitous query AT
128. dit toggle Mark unmark a packet Set Time Refer Edit ence toggle Set reset a time reference Apply as Filter Analyze Prepare and apply a display filter based on the currently selec ted item 115 Working with captured packets Item Identical to main menu s item Description Prepare a Filter Analyze Prepare a display filter based on the currently selected item Conversation Fil ter This menu item applies a display filter with the address inform ation from the selected packet E g the IP menu entry will set a filter to show the traffic between the two IP addresses of the current packet XXX add a new section describing this better Colorize Conver sation This menu item uses a display filter with the address informa tion from the selected packet to build a new colorizing rule SCTP XXX add an explanation of this Follow TCP Analyze Stream Allows you to view all the data on a TCP stream between a pair of nodes Follow SSL Analyze Stream Same as Follow TCP Stream but for SSL XXX add a new section describing this better Copy Summary Text Copy the summary fields as displayed to the clipboard as tab separated text Copy Summary CSV Copy the summary fields as displayed to the clipboard as comma separated text Copy As Filter Prepare a display filter based on the currently selected item and copy th
129. dows SIP See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows VoIP Calls See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows WAP WSP See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows BOOTP DH CP See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows Flow Graph See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows HTTP HTTP request response statistics see Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows 51 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description IP Addresses See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows IP Destina tions See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows IP Protocol Types See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows ISUP Messages See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows ONC RPC Pro grams See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows Packet Lengths See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows SMPP Opera tions See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows TCP Stream Graph See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows UCP Mes sages See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics windows UDP Multicast Streams See Section 8 11 The protocol specific statistics wi
130. dual packets in a separate window as shown in Figure 6 2 Viewing a 113 Working with captured packets packet in a separate window Do this by selecting the packet in which you are interested in the packet list pane and then select Show Packet in New Windows from the Display menu This allows you to easily compare two or even more packets Figure 6 2 Viewing a packet in a separate window 36 1 274987 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 2 TCP http gt 3197 FIN ACK Seq 20 Ack 190 Win 3072Len 0 MBX Se TT E Ethernet II Src Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Dst 192 168 0 2 00 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Dst 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Transmission Control Protocol Src Port http 80 Dst Port 3197 3197 Seq 20 Ack 190 Len O Cormeen nanba btte SONS Il amp 02 00 09 75 9a 08 00 45 00 00 40 06 cO a8 OO 01 cO af zd 00 00 3c 38 dd 9b 50 11 00 00 00 114 Working with captured packets 6 2 Pop up menus You can bring up a pop up menu over either the Packet List or Packet Details pane by clicking your right mouse button at the corresponding pane 6 2 1 Pop up menu of the Packet List pane Figure 6 3 Pop up menu of the Packet List pane test cap Wireshark DER File Edit Yiew Go Capture Analyze Statistics Help Sweaealroaxre F 8e oF BBR aaan Eiter v Expression Clear Apply No Time Source Destination Protocol Info Mark Pack
131. dump at the end of the line is ig nored Bytes hex numbers can be uppercase or lowercase Any text before the offset is ignored includ ing email forwarding characters gt Any lines of text between the bytestring lines is ignored The offsets are used to track the bytes so offsets must be correct Any line which has only bytes without a leading offset is ignored An offset is recognized as being a hex number longer than two characters Any text after the bytes is ignored e g the character dump Any hex numbers in this text are also ignored An offset of zero is indicative of starting a new packet so a single text file with a series of hexdumps can be converted into a packet capture with multiple packets Multiple packets are read in with timestamps dif fering by one second each In general short of these restrictions text2pcap is pretty liberal about reading in hexdumps and has been tested with a variety of mangled outputs including being forwarded through email multiple times with limited line wrap etc There are a couple of other special features to note Any line where the first non whitespace character is will be ignored as a comment Any line beginning with TEXT2PCAP is a directive and options can be inserted after this command to be processed by text2pcap Currently there are no directives imple mented in the future these may be used to give more fine grained control on the dump and the way it should be processed e g timestamps
132. e 9 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and or new versions of the General Public License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns Each version is given a distinguishing version number If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and any later version you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation If the Program does not specify a version number of this License you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation 10 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different write to the author to ask for permission For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation write to the Free Software Foundation we sometimes make exceptions for this Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally NO WARRANTY 11 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
133. e optional valuestring optional mask optional desc optional 10 4 6 6 6 2 Returns Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT A table containing the text that corresponds to the values Integer mask of this field Description of the field A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 7 ProtoField int8 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 10 4 6 6 7 1 Arguments abbr name optional base optional valuestring optional mask optional desc optional 10 4 6 6 7 2 Returns Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT A table containing the text that corresponds to the values Integer mask of this field Description of the field A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 8 ProtoField int16 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 237 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 6 6 8 1 Arguments abbr name optional base optional valuestring optional mask optional desc optional 10 4 6 6 8 2 Returns Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT A table containing the text that corresponds
134. e FAQ Before sending any mail to the mailing lists below be sure to read the FAQ as it will often answer the question s you might have This will save yourself and others a lot of time keep in mind that a lot of people are subscribed to the mailing lists You will find the FAQ inside Wireshark by clicking the menu item Help Contents and selecting the FAQ page in the dialog shown An online version is available at the Wireshark website http www wireshark org faq html You might prefer this online version as it s typically more up to date and the HTML format is easier to use Mailing Lists There are several mailing lists of specific Wireshark topics available wireshark announce This mailing list will inform you about new program releases which usu ally appear about every 4 8 weeks wireshark users This list is for users of Wireshark People post questions about building and using Wireshark others hopefully provide answers wireshark dev This list is for Wireshark developers If you want to start developing a pro tocol dissector join this list You can subscribe to each of these lists from the Wireshark web site http www wireshark org Simply select the mailing lists link on the left hand side of the site The lists are archived at the Wireshark web site as well Introduction v Tip You can search in the list archives to see if someone asked the same question some time before and maybe already got an answe
135. e Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program independent of having been made by running the Program Whether that is true depends on what the Program does 1 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program s source code as you receive it in any medium provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee 2 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it thus forming a work based on the Program and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above provided that you also meet all of these conditions a You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change b You must cause any work that you distribute or publish that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License c If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run you mu
136. e _ new file formats are added from time to time 4 Opening a file may fail due to invalid packet types It may not be possible to read some formats dependent on the packet types captured Ether 90 File Input Output and Printing net captures are usually supported for most file formats but it may not be possible to read other packet types e g token ring packets from all file formats 91 File Input Output and Printing 5 3 Saving captured packets You can save captured packets simply by using the Save As menu item from the File menu under Wireshark You can choose which packets to save and which file format to be used A Saving may reduce the available information Saving the captured packets will slightly reduce the amount of information e g the num ber of dropped packets will be lost see Section A 1 Capture Files for details 5 3 1 The Save Capture File As dialog box The Save Capture File As dialog box allows you to save the current capture to a file Table 5 2 The system specific Save Capture File As dialog box shows some examples of this dialog box 4 The dialog appearance depends on your system The appearance of this dialog depends on the system and GTK toolkit version used However the functionality remains basically the same on any particular system Table 5 2 The system specific Save Capture File As dialog box Microsoft Windows Figure 5 4 Sa
137. e binaries under UNIX 2 5 1 2 5 2 2 5 3 2 5 4 In general installing the binary under your version of UNIX will be specific to the installation methods used with your version of UNIX For example under AIX you would use smit to install the Wireshark binary package while under Tru64 UNIX formerly Digital UNIX you would use setld Installing from rpm s under Red Hat and alike Use the following command to install the Wireshark RPM that you have downloaded from the Wire shark web site rpm ivh wireshark 1 0 0 i1386 rpm If the above step fails because of missing dependencies install the dependencies first and then retry the step above See Example 2 3 Installing required RPMs under Red Hat Linux 6 2 and beyond for in formation on what RPMs you will need to have installed Installing from deb s under Debian Use the following command to install Wireshark under Debian aptitude install wireshark aptitude should take care of all of the dependency issues for you Installing from portage under Gentoo Linux Use the following command to install Wireshark under Gentoo Linux with all of the extra features USE adns gtk ipv6 portaudio snmp ssl kerberos threads selinux emerge wireshark Installing from packages under FreeBSD Use the following command to install Wireshark under FreeBSD pkg_add r wireshark pkg_add should take care of all of the dependency issues for you 20 Building and Installing Wiresha
138. e exten sion_key can be lua_script lua_script_filename Tells Wireshark to load the given script in addition to the default Lua scripts Z lt statistics string gt Get Wireshark to collect various types of statistics and display the result in a window that updates in semi real time XXX add more details here 184 Customizing Wireshark 9 3 Packet colorization A very useful mechanism available in Wireshark is packet colorization You can set up Wireshark so that it will colorize packets according to a filter This allows you to emphasize the packets you are usually interested in Tip You will find a lot of Coloring Rule examples at the Wireshark Wiki Coloring Rules page at http wiki wireshark org ColoringRules There are two types of coloring rules in Wireshark Temporary ones that are only used until you quit the program And permanent ones that will be saved to a preference file so that they are available on a next session Temporary coloring rules can be added by selecting a packet and pressing the lt ctrl gt key together with one of the number keys This will create a coloring rule based on the currently selected conversation It will try to create a conversation filter based on TCP first then UDP then IP and at last Ethernet Tem porary filters can also be created by selecting the Colorize with Filter gt Color X menu items when rightclicking in the packet detail pane To permanently colorize packets
139. e from a different time zone and or DST you ll have to find out the time zone DST difference between the two local times and men tally adjust the time stamps accordingly In any case make sure that every computer in question has the correct time and time zone setting 151 Advanced Topics 7 6 Packet Reassembling 7 6 1 7 6 2 What is it Network protocols often need to transport large chunks of data which are complete in themselves e g when transferring a file The underlying protocol might not be able to handle that chunk size e g limita tion of the network packet size or is stream based like TCP which doesn t know data chunks at all In that case the network protocol has to handle the chunk boundaries itself and if required spread the data over multiple packets It obviously also needs a mechanism to determine the chunk boundaries on the receiving side Tip Wireshark calls this mechanism reassembling although a specific protocol specification might use a different term for this e g desegmentation defragmentation How Wireshark handles it For some of the network protocols Wireshark knows of a mechanism is implemented to find decode and display these chunks of data Wireshark will try to find the corresponding packets of this chunk and will show the combined data as additional pages in the Packet Bytes pane for information about this pane see Section 3 18 The Packet Bytes pane
140. e if these settings are changed later so in such situations it can be a good idea to set at least the filter in advance here Table 5 1 The system specific Open Capture File dialog box Figure 5 1 Open on native Windows Wireshark Open Capture File O 2 amp amp test1_00001_20050819161503 pcap WBcests_00007_20050819181508 pcap testi_00002_20050819181S05 pcap om 00008 _20050819181509 pcap Look in O fileset test _00003_2005081918150S pcap test _00009_20050819181510 pcap test _00004_20050819181505 pcap test _00010_20050819181512 pc3p test _00005_20050819181507 pcap Beests_o0011_20050819181513 pcap test 00006_20050819181507 pcap Mitesti 00012_20050819181514 pc30 lt gt Cancel test _00004_ 200508 WiresharkAcpdump 1031 bytes Packets 9 Frst Packet 2005 08 19 1815 06 Elapsed 00 00 00 Filename testi _00004_20050819181506 pcap Files of type AJl Files v Filename Cie MAC name resolution Network name resolution Format Size V Transport name resolution Microsoft Windows This is the common Windows file open dialog plus some Wireshark extensions Specific for this dialog e If available the Help button will lead you to this section of this User s Guide e XXX the Filter button currently doesn t work on Windows e XXX missing feature If Wireshark doesn t recognize the selected file as a capture file it should grey out the
141. e in init Jua To enable lua the line that sets that variable must be removed or commented out After loading init lua from the data directory if lua is enabled Wireshark will try to load a file named init lua in the user s directory The command line option X lua_script lt file Jua gt can be used to load lua scripts as well The Lua code will be executed once after all the protocols have being initialized and before reading any file 212 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 2 Example of Dissector written in Lua do local p_multi Proto multi MultiProto local vs_protos 2 mtp2 3 a mtp3 4 alcap 5 h248 6 ranap 7 rnsap 8 nbap local f_proto ProtoField uint8 multi protocol Protocol base DEC vs_protos local f_dir ProtoField uint8 multi direction Direction base DEC 1 incoming 0 local f_text ProtoField string multi text Text p_multi fields f_proto f_dir f_text local data_dis Dissector get data local protos 2 Dissector get mtp2 3 Dissector get mtp3 4 Dissector get alcap 5 Dissector get h248 6 Dissector get ranap 7 Dissector get rnsap 8 Dissector get nbap 9 Dissector get rre 10 DissectorTable get Sctp ppi get_dissector 3 m3ua 11 DissectorTable get ip proto get_dissector 132 sctp function p_multi dissector buf pkt root local
142. e interface options dialog box Wireshark Preferences Interface Options Profle Default oe WE Interfaces Device Description Default link layer Comment any Pseudo device that captures on all interfaces Linux cooked mode capture No lo Ethernet Local No Properties Device etho Description Default link layer header type Ethernet Comment internet Hide interface Q 195 Customizing Wireshark Each row contains options for each interface available on your computer e Device the device name provided by the operating system e Description provided by the operating system e Default link layer each interface may provide several link layer header types The default link layer chosen here is the one used when you first start Wireshark It is also possible to change this value in Section 4 5 The Capture Options dialog box when you start a capture For a detailed description see Section 4 8 Link layer header type e Comment a user provided description of the interface This comment will be used as a description instead of the operating system description e Hide enable this option to hide the interface from other parts of the program 196 Customizing Wireshark 9 6 Configuration Profiles Configuration Profiles can be used to configure and use more than one set of preferences and configura tions Select the Configuration Profiles menu ite
143. e last capture Open the Capture Options dialog with this interface selected see Section 4 5 The Capture Options dialog box Open a dialog with detailed information about the interface see Section 4 6 The Interface Details dialog box Show this help page Close this dialog box 71 Capturing Live Network Data 4 5 The Capture Options dialog box When you select Start from the Capture menu or use the corresponding item in the Main toolbar Wireshark pops up the Capture Options dialog box as shown in Figure 4 3 The Capture Options dialog box Figure 4 3 The Capture Options dialog box Wireshark Capture Options Capture Interface Broadcom Netxtreme Gigabit Ethernet Driver Device NPF_ 4C4DB8EB AC95 4B46 9 IP address 157 163 15 28 ethernet Buffer size 1 Y megabyte s Capture packets in promiscuous mode C Limit each packet to 65 bytes BA capture Filter rCapture File s Display Options File Update list of packets in real time C Use multiple files Automatic scrolling in live capture Hide capture info dialog rName Resolution Enable MAC name resolution Stop Capture O after Janari Enable network name resolution C after ae s Enable transport name resolution Tip If you are unsure which options to choose in this dialo
144. e selected protocol field Figure 3 21 The Statusbar with a display filter message may have unexpected results see the User s Guide Packets 2239 Displayed 2237 Marked 0 Profile Default This is displayed if you are trying to use a display filter which may have unexpected results For a de tailed description see Section 6 4 4 A common mistake 65 User Interface 66 Chapter 4 Capturing Live Network Data 4 1 Introduction Capturing live network data is one of the major features of Wireshark The Wireshark capture engine provides the following features e Capture from different kinds of network hardware Ethernet Token Ring ATM e Stop the capture on different triggers like amount of captured data captured time captured number of packets e Simultaneously show decoded packets while Wireshark keeps on capturing e Filter packets reducing the amount of data to be captured see Section 4 9 Filtering while captur ing e Capturing into multiple files while doing a long term capture and in addition the option to form a ringbuffer of these files keeping only the last x files useful for a very long term capture see Sec tion 4 7 Capture files and file modes The capture engine still lacks the following features e Simultaneous capturing from multiple network interfaces however you can start multiple instances of Wireshark and merge capture files l
145. e should have at least the copyright line and a pointer to where the full notice is found lt one line to give the program s name and a brief idea of what it does gt Copyright C lt year gt lt name of author gt This program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation either version 2 of the License or at your option any later version This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful 288 This Document s License GPL but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY MERCHANTABILITY or FITNES GNU General Public Licens You should have received without even the implied warranty of S FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE See the e for more details a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program if not write to the Free Software Foundation Inc 59 Temple Place Suite 330 Boston MA 02111 1307 USA Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail If the program is interactive make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode Gnomovision version 69 Copyright C year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY for details type show w This is free software an under certain conditions The hypothetical commands sh parts of the General Public L be called something other tha mouse clicks or menu items w You should a
146. easing this value Note sy This option is only available on Windows platforms This checkbox allows you to specify that Wireshark should put the interface in promiscuous mode when capturing If you do not specify this Wireshark will only capture the packets going to or from your computer not all packets on your LAN segment Note If some other process has put the interface in promiscuous mode you may be capturing in promis cuous mode even if you turn off this option Note I WW Even in promiscuous mode you still won t necessar ily see all packets on your LAN segment see http www wireshark org fag html promiscsniff for some more explanations This field allows you to specify the maximum amount of data that will be captured for each packet and is sometimes referred to as the snaplen If disabled the default is 65535 which will be suffi cient for most protocols Some rules of thumb Capturing Live Network Data Capture Filter e If you are unsure just keep the default value e If you don t need all of the data in a packet for example if you only need the link layer IP and TCP headers you might want to choose a small snapshot length as less CPU time is required for copying packets less buffer space is required for packets and thus perhaps fewer packets will be dropped if traffic is very heavy e If you don t capture all of the data in a packet you might find that the packet data you want
147. eceeecaeecaeeeeeeaeeeaes 22 2 8 Installing Wireshark under Windows c cece cece ee ceeeceeeceeeceeeeneeeaeeea sean eeues 23 2 8 1 Install Wireshark 350 0 i535 sass Urea tise iseasoss tates es on E rE EE SEES EPERE ITERE 23 2 8 2 Manual WinPcap Installation 2 0 0 0 eee ee cece cee ce eecaeeca seca een eenneees 25 2 8 3 Update Wiresh rk irisssiipsre vests sscassiges3 subsea anisauaas EEn EEE EEE TEER 25 2 8 4 Update WibPCap sicrete ionet TEESE E eE EEEE EEE EE sevens 25 2 8 5 Uninstall Wireshark sssini doioro ger oo neses OLEE ESSR TENDRE OS STERE Es 26 2 8 6 Uninstall M P aD S a eaa e e E aaaea 26 Se User NS n ee a E E E E ae ascot dames Ue ee 28 3 1 Introduction niere pn nanen ne a EE E EE cats VE eE REEERE A ETD Eaa 28 Wireshark User s Guide 3 2 Statt Witeshatk tsi ea eA made EE e Uae wes habeas Ea S 29 3 3 The Main window aons Ea A E RE S a A AEA 30 3 3 1 Main Window Navigation cece ceee nec ce eece cece cena een eeneeneeeeeeeees 31 SA The Menus hpna ones svg dst a E feces etesh sume R op tuetosteteeate ph a sede eed 32 325 Lhe Eile MeN seeren ood Wea E E EE EEEE O Ma vdrbemses asia grees OS 34 3 0 The Edit ment sizes rieo e E E tapes ta ass AE TEE ete sense seas 37 3 7 The View ment is oroi nn ee En eE per E decks E Eas o EEE arai o EEES 39 3 8 The Go MENU rieres ner eade seh wen EPO poe SEE RS OE SERRE AOE ses osasuas rs 44 3 9 The Capture MENU 52 cse0Jsssesccesdees eceace
148. ection 1 6 4 Mailing Lists Introduction 1 4 A brief history of Wireshark In late 1997 Gerald Combs needed a tool for tracking down networking problems and wanted to learn more about networking so he started writing Ethereal the former name of the Wireshark project as a way to solve both problems Ethereal was initially released after several pauses in development in July 1998 as version 0 2 0 With in days patches bug reports and words of encouragement started arriving so Ethereal was on its way to success Not long after that Gilbert Ramirez saw its potential and contributed a low level dissector to it In October 1998 Guy Harris of Network Appliance was looking for something better than tcpview so he started applying patches and contributing dissectors to Ethereal In late 1998 Richard Sharpe who was giving TCP IP courses saw its potential on such courses and started looking at it to see if it supported the protocols he needed While it didn t at that point new pro tocols could be easily added So he started contributing dissectors and contributing patches The list of people who have contributed to Ethereal has become very long since then and almost all of them started with a protocol that they needed that Ethereal did not already handle So they copied an ex isting dissector and contributed the code back to the team In 2006 the project moved house and re emerged under a new name Wireshark
149. ed command line tools editcap The available capture file types for F libpcap Wireshark tcpdump libpcap nseclibpcap Wireshark nanosecond libpcap modlibpcap Modified tcpdump libpcap nokialibpcap Nokia tcpdump libpcap rh6_llibpcap RedHat 6 1 tcpdump libpcap suse6_3libpcap SuSE 6 3 tcpdump libpcap 5views Accellent 5Views capture dct2000 Catapult DCT2000 trace out format nettl HP UX nettl trace netmonl Microsoft NetMon 1 x netmon2 Microsoft NetMon 2 x ngsniffer NA Sniffer DOS ngwsniffer_1_1 NA Sniffer Windows 1 1 ngwsniffer_2_0 NA Sniffer Windows 2 00x niobserverv9 Network Instruments Observer V9 lanalyzer Novell LANalyzer snoop Sun snoop rf5 Tektronix K12xx 32 bit rf5 format visual Visual Networks traffic capture k1l2text K12 text file commview TamoSoft CommView pcapng Wireshark pcapng experimental editcap T editcap option requires an argument T editcap The available encapsulation types for T ether Ethernet tr Token Ring slip SLIP ppp PPP fddi FDDI fddi swapped FDDI with bit swapped MAC addresses rawip Raw IP arcnet ARCNET arcnet_linux Linux ARCNET atm rfcl483 RFC 1483 ATM linux atm clip Linux ATM CLIP lapb LAPB atm pdus ATM PDUs atm pdus untruncated ATM PDUs untruncated null NULL ascend Lucent Ascend access equipment isdn ISDN ip over fc RFC 2625 IP over Fibre Channel ppp with direction PPP wi
150. ed packet in a separate win dow The separate window shows only the tree view and byte view panes 42 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description Reload Ctrl R This menu item allows you to reload the current capture file 43 User Interface 3 8 The Go menu The Wireshark Go menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 5 Go menu items Figure 3 6 The Go Menu test pcap Wireshark File Edit View Mei Capture Analyze Statistics Help Bw ols tle geo o F 2 BiBiaa Go to Packet Ctrl G M Eiter o t aa ng Packs A gt Expression Ys clear y Apply No Time T First Packet ati Protocol Info e a ood amp Last Packet ARP Who has 192 168 0 2 Gratuitous 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 224 0 0 22 IGMP V3 Membership Report A Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 62 bytes captured Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 00 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Transmission Control Protocol Src Port 3196 3196 Dst Port http 80 Seq O Len O Source port 3196 3196 Destination port http 80 Sequence number O relative sequence number Header length 28 bytes Flags Ox0002 SYN Window size 64240 amp amp amp 02 08 00 45 00 OO 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 61 2c cO a8 OO 02 cO a8 00 01 Oc 7c OO 50 3c 36 95 f8 OO GO OO OO 70 02 fa fO 27 e0 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 01 04 02 File
151. ediately start a capture using the Ej fg Capture Start menu toolbar item The capture process will start immediately e If you already know the name of the capture interface you can start Wireshark from the command line and use the following wireshark i eth0 k This will start Wireshark capturing on interface eth0 more details can be found at Section 9 2 Start Wireshark from the command line 69 Capturing Live Network Data 4 4 The Capture Interfaces dialog box When you select Interfaces from the Capture menu Wireshark pops up the Capture Interfaces dia log box as shown in Figure 4 1 The Capture Interfaces dialog box on Microsoft Windows or Fig ure 4 2 The Capture Interfaces dialog box on Unix Linux A This dialog consumes lot s of system resources As the Capture Interfaces dialog is showing live captured data it is consuming a lot of system resources Close this dialog as soon as possible to prevent excessive system load Not all available interfaces may be displayed This dialog box will only show the local interfaces Wireshark knows of It will not show interfaces marked as hidden in the Interface Options preferences dialog As Wireshark might not be able to detect all local interfaces and it cannot detect the remote interfaces available there could be more capture interfaces available than listed Figure 4 1 The Capture Interfaces dialog box on Microsoft Wi
152. eeaeeea cena seas eeueeeeeeeenees 212 10 1 Introductions ie sy dete sete ea SS ee A EM aha ee Sede ee LS 212 10 2 Example of Dissector written in Lua 0 cece eeeeeeceeeeeeeeececneeceueeeeeenceaueeeenees 213 10 3 Example of Listener written in Lua 0 0 0 eee cee cence cece cece eeneeneeeeeeeeees 214 10 4 Wireshark s Lua API Reference Manual cece cece ceeceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenees 215 10 4 1 Saving capture files oso nsa sed ieen ceded acetal eli adel ak 215 10 4 2 Obtaining dissection data 1 0 0 0 cece c eee ce ence eeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeseaeeeaes 217 10 4 3 GUDESUpport sasoie ip on ro e chev gu bees E E ES becuse bes EEES 219 10 4 4 Post dissection packet analysis eeisseeeeseeerrsresrrrresreresrrerrsreerreees 225 10 4 5 Obtaining packet information essesesseesessrerrsresrrererrerrsrrerrereeereees 226 10 4 6 Functions for writing dissectors e sseeeeseeerreresrreresrerrereerrereerreees 230 10 4 7 Adding information to the dissection tree cece cece cece cence teen teen es 243 10 4 8 Functions for handling packet data 2 0 0 0 eee cece cee ceeeee teen eeenes 244 Vil Wireshark User s Guide 1074 9 Utility Punctioms si coecs ec ct steted tied lav bece 0h bev E E peed ibs see Sis 250 A Files and Folders mierne o ana dneoeteee hs e e te woh cata cw ud ase steed lst davegaer testes da rvblacesvohs 255 AA Capture Files sini yne eset cabo sed tee wama hig eee he ae
153. eference descr A description of what this preference is 10 4 6 3 3 Pref string label default descr Creates a string preference to be added to a Protocol s prefs table 10 4 6 3 3 1 Arguments label The Label text in the right side of the preference input for this preference 232 Lua Support in Wireshark default The default value for this preference descr A description of what this preference is 10 4 6 3 4 Pref enum label default descr enum radio Creates an enum preference to be added to a Protocol s prefs table 10 4 6 3 4 1 Arguments label The Label text in the right side of the preference input for this preference default The default value for this preference descr A description of what this preference is enum A enum table radio Radio button true or Combobox false 10 4 6 3 5 Pref range label default descr range max Creates a range preference to be added to a Protocol s prefs table 10 4 6 3 5 1 Arguments label The Label text in the right side of the preference input for this preference default The default value for this preference descr A description of what this preference is range The range max The maximum value 10 4 6 3 6 Pref statictext label descr Creates a static text preference to be added to a Protocol s prefs table 10 4 6 3 6 1 Arguments label The static text descr The static text description 10 4 6 4 Prefs The table of preferences of a protocol 10 4 6 4 1
154. ense either To work with time references choose one of the Time Reference items in the Edit menu see Sec tion 3 6 The Edit menu or from the pop up menu of the Packet List pane e Set Time Reference toggle Toggles the time reference state of the currently selected packet to on or off e Find Next Find the next time referenced packet in the Packet List pane e Find Previous Find the previous time referenced packet in the Packet List pane Figure 6 10 Wireshark showing a time referenced packet test pcap Wireshark File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Help SAADA s R8eHvrxrFz BlGliaa citer gt P Expression Ysclear Y Apply No Time Source Destination Protocol Info 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 1gmp mcast net IGMP V3 Membership Report FREF 10 entitication Flags 0x00 Fragment offset 0 Time to live 128 Protocol UDP 0x11 Header checksum Oxal09 correct Source 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Destination 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a 00 5d 20 cd 02 08 00 45 00 00 49 18 47 00 00 80 al 09 cO a8 00 02 cO a8 00 01 Ob d2 00 35 00 46 69 00 21 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 09 72 6f 78 79 63 6f 6e 66 p roxyconf 05 77 77 30 30 34 07 69 65 6d 65 6e 73 03 Ge ww004 5 1Temens n 65 74 00 00 01 00 01 v File D test pcap 14 KB 00 00 02 P 120 D 120 M 0 F A time referenced packet will be marked with the string REF in the Time column see packet number 10 A
155. er will find all packets in the 129 111 Class B network ip addr 129 111 0 0 16 IPv6 address ipv6 addr 1 IPX address ipx addr 00000000 fff FFFFTETTE String text http request uri http www wireshark org 6 4 3 Combining expressions You can combine filter expressions in Wireshark using the logical operators shown in Table 6 5 Display Filter Logical Operations Visplay Filter Logical Uperations Table 6 5 Display Filter Logical Operations English C like Description and example and amp amp Logical AND ip src 10 0 0 5 and tcp flags fin or II Logical OR ip scr 10 0 0 5 or ip src 192 1 1 1 xor NA Logical XOR tr dst 0 3 0 6 29 xor tr src 0 3 0 6 29 not Logical NOT not llc Substring Operator Wireshark allows you to select subsequences of a sequence in rather elaborate ways After a label you can place a pair of brackets containing a comma separated list of range specifiers eth src 0 3 00 00 83 The example above uses the n m format to specify a single range In this case nis the beginning offset and m is the length of the range being specified 124 Working with captured packets English C like Description and example eth src 1 2 00 83 The example above uses the n m format to specify a single range In this case nis the beginning offset and m is the ending offset
156. eresting ones They allow you to select packets by e Protocol e The presence of a field The values of fields e A comparison between fields e and a lot more To select packets based on protocol type simply type the protocol in which you are interested in the Fil ter field in the filter toolbar of the Wireshark window and press enter to initiate the filter Figure 6 5 Filtering on the TCP protocol shows an example of what happens when you type tep in the filter field Note All protocol and field names are entered in lowercase Also don t forget to press enter after entering the filter expression Figure 6 5 Filtering on the TCP protocol 120 Working with captured packets test pcap Wireshark File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Help Sweoaew roGxre R e overt ti EiGiaa Filter tcp v Expression Clear Apply No Time Source Destination Protocol Info 5 Ds Rb Be 56 192 168 0 2 192 O TCP 3196 gt http J Seg 0 Len 0 M 23 1 251868 192 168 0 192 168 0 2 1025 gt 5000 ACK Seq 1 Ack 1 Win Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 62 bytes captured Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 00 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Transmission Control Protocol Src Port 3196 3196 Dst Port http 80 Seq 0 Len O oo amp wl i 02 08 00 45 00 00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 61 2c cO a8 00 02 cO a8 00
157. erworking This was especially the case after seeing a lot of discussions about how particular IDL types are represented inside an octet stream I have also had comments feedback that this tool would be good for say a CORBA class when teaching students what CORBA traffic looks like on the wire It is also COOL to work on a great Open Source project such as the case with Wireshark ht tp www wireshark org How to use idl2wrs To use the idl2wrs to generate Wireshark dissectors you need the following Prerequisites to using idl2wrs 1 Python must be installed See http python org 2 omniid from the the omniORB package must be available See http omniorb sourceforge net 3 Of course you need Wireshark installed to compile the code and tweak it if required idl2wrs is part of the standard Wireshark distribution 281 Related command line tools To use idl2wrs to generate an Wireshark dissector from an idl file use the following procedure Procedure for converting a CORBA idl file into a Wireshark dissector To write the C code to stdout idl2wrs lt your file idl gt e g idl2wrs echo idl To write to a file just redirect the output idl2wrs echo idl gt packet test idl c You may wish to comment out the register_giop_user_module code and that will leave you with heuristic dissection If you don t want to use the shell script wrapper then try steps 3 or 4 instead 3 To write the C code to stdo
158. et toggle 1025 gt 3000 LACK Seq l Ack 1 w http gt 3196 FIN ACK Seq 2661 Set Time Reference toggle 3197 gt http SYN Seq 0 Len 0 Mi te Selected Prepare a Filter Not Selected Conversation Filter and Selected of Selected ul Follow TCP Stream and not Selected Frame 23 60 bytes on wire 60 bytes captur of not Selected Ethernet II src Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 Copy 420 cd 02 00 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 1 192 1 192 168 0 2 S Transmission Control Protocol src Port 1 Export Selected Packet Bytes 5 5000 Seq 1 Ack 1 Len 0 Source port 1025 1025 22 Decode As Destination port 5000 5000 sequence number 1 relative sequence amp Print acknowledgement number 1 relative aq Show Packet in New Window Header length 20 bytes 0000 00 Ob 5a 20 cd 02 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a 08 0Q 45 OO 0010 00 28 00 7c 00 00 40 06 f9 00 cO a8 OO 01 c a8 0020 00 02 04 01 13 88 00 OO 67 81 3c 37 7f a7 50 10 0030 Oc OO e7 97 00 00 00 00 600 00 00 00 File D Projects Patchnose workpackage_deviwp3_io docbook examplesitest cap 1 P 120 D 120 M 0 The following table gives an overview of which functions are available in this pane where to find the corresponding function in the main menu and a short description of each item Table 6 1 The menu items of the Packet List pop up menu Item Identical to main Description menu s item Mark Packet E
159. et Bytes Pane Copy Bytes Hex Stream Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard as an unpunctuated list of hex digits similar to the Packet List Pane command but copies only the bytes relevant to the selected part of the tree the bytes selected in the Packet Bytes Pane Copy Bytes Binary Stream Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard as raw binary similar to the Packet List Pane command but copies only the bytes relev ant to the selected part of the tree the bytes selected in the Packet Bytes Pane The data is stored in the clipboard as MIME type application octet stream This option is not available in versions of Wireshark built using GTK Lx Export Selected File Packet Bytes This menu item is the same as the File menu item of the same name It allows you to export raw packet bytes to a binary file 118 Working with captured packets Item Identical to main Description menu s item Apply as Filter Analyze Prepare and apply a display filter based on the currently selec ted item Prepare a Filter Analyze Prepare a display filter based on the currently selected item Colorize with Fil ter Prepare a display filter based on the currently selected item and use it to prepare a new colorize rule Follow TCP Analyze Stream Allows you to view all the data on a TCP stream between a pair of nodes Follow SSL Analyze Stream Same as Follow TCP
160. example If you live in Berlin you are in a time zone one hour earlier than UTC so you are in time zone 1 time difference in hours compared to UTC If it s 3 o clock in Berlin it s 2 o clock in UTC at the same moment Be aware that at a few places on earth don t use time zones with even hour offsets e g New Delhi uses UTC 05 30 Further information can be found at http en wikipedia org wiki Time zone and ht tp en wikipedia org wiki Coordinated Universal Time What is daylight saving time DST Daylight Saving Time DST also known as Summer Time is intended to save some daylight during the summer months To do this a lot of countries but not all add a DST hour to the already existing UTC offset So you may need to take another hour or in very rare cases even two hours difference into your time zone calculations Unfortunately the date at which DST actually takes effect is different throughout the world You may also note that the northern and southern hemispheres have opposite DST s e g while it s summer in Europe it s winter in Australia Keep in mind UTC remains the same all year around regardless of DST Further information can be found at http en wikipedia org wiki Daylight saving 149 7 5 1 7 5 2 Advanced Topics Further time zone and DST information can be found at http wwp greenwichmeantime com and ht tp www timeanddate com worldclock Set your computer s time c
161. export capture files in whole or in part and to quit from Wireshark See Section 3 5 The File menu This menu contains items to find a packet time reference or mark one or more packets handle configuration profiles and set your preferences cut copy and paste are not presently implemented See Section 3 6 The Edit menu This menu controls the display of the captured data including colorization of packets zooming the font showing a packet in a separate window expanding and collapsing trees in packet details See Section 3 7 The View menu This menu contains items to go to a specific packet See Section 3 8 The Go menu This menu allows you to start and stop captures and to edit capture filters See Sec tion 3 9 The Capture menu This menu contains items to manipulate display filters enable or disable the dissection of protocols configure user specified decodes and follow a TCP stream See Sec tion 3 10 The Analyze menu This menu contains items to display various statistic windows including a summary of the packets that have been captured display protocol hierarchy statistics and much more See Section 3 11 The Statistics menu This menu contains various tools available in Wireshark such as creating Firewall ACL Rules See Section 3 12 The Tools menu This menu contains items to help the user e g access to some basic help a
162. find the next packet including two null bytes in the packet data String Find a string in the packet data with various options 133 Working with captured packets The value to be found will be syntax checked while you type it in If the syntax check of your value suc ceeds the background of the entry field will turn green if it fails it will turn red You can choose the search direction e Up Search upwards in the packet list decreasing packet numbers Down Search downwards in the packet list increasing packet numbers 6 8 2 The Find Next command Find Next will continue searching with the same options used in the last Find Packet 6 8 3 The Find Previous command Find Previous will do the same thing as Find Next but with reverse search direction 134 Working with captured packets 6 9 Go to a specific packet You can easily jump to specific packets with one of the menu items in the Go menu 6 9 1 The Go Back command Go back in the packet history works much like the page history in current web browsers 6 9 2 The Go Forward command Go forward in the packet history works much like the page history in current web browsers 6 9 3 The Go to Packet dialog box Figure 6 9 The Go To Packet dialog box Wireshark Go To Packet Pex Packet number 123 This dialog box will let you enter a packet number When you press OK Wireshark will jump to that packe
163. frame 123 e cece eeeceeeeee eee eeneee senor 267 D Related command line tools ss ssc csasciesss oeecesteesees seh ves aasanehdasee ie nose ses veoeagesagse ess 269 D T Introd ctom 53 ess se coeheg eens eu rnEeE a EE vba gheat Gece snsaee egects EE EE 269 D 2 tshark Terminal based Wireshark 0 0 00 cece cece cece eee e nee eeeece een een eeneeeeeeeeees 270 D 3 tcpdump Capturing with tcpdump for viewing with Wireshark 006 271 D 4 dumpcap Capturing with dumpcap for viewing with Wireshark 0 000 272 D 5 capinfos Print information about capture files 0 ceeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeceeneeeeeees 273 D 6 editcap Edit capture files 00 ceeeeeeeeceeececeeeceeeeeeeeececaeeeeueeeeeeseeauereeneees 274 D 7 mergecap Merging multiple capture files into one 0 0 00 ee eee ee eee center eeee 277 D 8 text2pceap Converting ASCII hexdumps to network captures eceeeeeee ee ee 279 D 9 idl2wrs Creating dissectors from CORBA IDL files 0 0 0 0 cece cece eeeeceeeeeee neces 281 D 9 1 What isit oe aor o side NE RS EEES AEE ae een ERA 281 D92 Why do this ei einen a a a e AA E sana E A 281 D 9 3 How to Use 1d12WI 0 5 ccecccseeccescspeocecsseeecessinuvcasssanvedssepeceessnveceesnaeee 281 DRE TODO csies adds dened sgucosgachveieadgs os osnateisvones sa tenets E 283 D9 DS EimitatonS nes 375 6 sah ese son tew tes haes sen Suaat doh daededons ben dau dden seysah ma
164. g box just try keeping the defaults as this should work well in many cases You can set the following fields in this dialog box 72 Capturing Live Network Data 4 5 1 Capture frame Interface IP address Link layer header type Buffer size n megabyte s Capture packets in promiscuous mode Limit each packet to n bytes This field specifies the interface you want to capture on You can only capture on one interface and you can only capture on inter faces that Wireshark has found on the system It is a drop down list so simply click on the button on the right hand side and select the interface you want It defaults to the first non loopback inter face that supports capturing and if there are none the first loop back interface On some systems loopback interfaces cannot be used for capturing loopback interfaces are not available on Win dows platforms This field performs the same function as the i lt interface gt com mand line option The IP address es of the selected interface If no address could be resolved from the system unknown will be shown Unless you are in the rare situation that you need this just keep the default For a detailed description see Section 4 8 Link layer header type Enter the buffer size to be used while capturing This is the size of the kernel buffer which will keep the captured packets until they are written to disk If you encounter packet drops try incr
165. ght It will hopefully guide you around some common problems that frequently appear for new and sometimes even advanced users of Wireshark Preface 3 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the whole Wireshark team for their assistance In particular the authors would like to thank e Gerald Combs for initiating the Wireshark project and funding to do this documentation e Guy Harris for many helpful hints and a great deal of patience in reviewing this document e Gilbert Ramirez for general encouragement and helpful hints along the way The authors would also like to thank the following people for their helpful feedback on this document e Pat Eyler for his suggestions on improving the example on generating a backtrace e Martin Regner for his various suggestions and corrections e Graeme Hewson for a lot of grammatical corrections The authors would like to acknowledge those man page and README authors for the Wireshark project from who sections of this document borrow heavily e Scott Renfro from whose mergecap man page Section D 7 mergecap Merging multiple capture files into one is derived e Ashok Narayanan from whose text2pcap man page Section D 8 text2pcap Converting ASCII hexdumps to network captures is derived e Frank Singleton from whose README idl2wrs Section D 9 idl2wrs Creating dissectors from CORBA IDL files is derived xi Preface 4 About this
166. ght choose the wrong dissector in your specific case For example Wireshark won t know if you use a common protocol on an uncommon TCP port e g using HTTP on TCP port 800 in stead of the standard port 80 There are two ways to control the relations between protocol dissectors disable a protocol dissector completely or temporarily divert the way Wireshark calls the dissectors The Enabled Protocols dialog box The Enabled Protocols dialog box lets you enable or disable specific protocols all protocols are enabled by default When a protocol is disabled Wireshark stops processing a packet whenever that protocol is encountered Note Disabling a protocol will prevent information about higher layer protocols from being dis played For example suppose you disabled the IP protocol and selected a packet contain ing Ethernet IP TCP and HTTP information The Ethernet information would be dis played but the IP TCP and HTTP information would not disabling IP would prevent it and the other protocols from being displayed To enable disable protocols select the Enabled Protocols item from the Analyze menu Wireshark will pop up the Enabled Protocols dialog box as shown in Figure 9 5 The Enabled Protocols dialog box Figure 9 5 The Enabled Protocols dialog box 189 Customizing Wireshark Wireshark Enabled Protocols Enabled Protocols v Description 2 2dparityfec Pro MPEG Code of Practice 3 release 2
167. gure 6 1 Wireshark with a TCP packet selected for viewing test pcap Wireshark File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Help Bwaeeawe ogaxe se 8eerF SEES Z Eiter gt dP Expression Ys clear yf Apply No Time Source Destination Protocol Info 31 1 266628 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 TER 1025 gt 5000 ACK Seq 1 Ack 32 1 266819 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 TEP 5000 gt 1025 ACK Seq 1 Ack 33 1 267850 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 TCP 1025 gt 5000 Seqg 510 Ack 20 192 168 0 12 16 as ICE nttp gt 3197 Frame 36 60 bytes on wire 60 bytes captured Ethernet II Src Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Dst 192 168 0 2 00 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Dst 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Transmission Control Protocol Src Port http 80 Dst Port 3197 3197 Seq 20 Ack 190 Len O Source port http 80 Destination port 3197 3197 Sequence number 20 relative sequence number Acknowledgement number 190 relative ack number Header length 20 bytes 02 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a 08 00 45 00 00 28 00 84 00 00 40 06 f8 f8 cO a8 OO O1 cO a8 00 02 00 50 Oc 7d 00 00 68 14 50 11 Oc 00 93 ca 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Ficknowledgement number tcp ack 4 bytes JF 120 D 120 M 0 You can also select and view packets the same way while Wireshark is capturing if you selected Up date list of packets in real time in the Wireshark Capture Preferences dialog box In addition you can view indivi
168. he data in the first file unless 0 is specified in which case the number of files is unlimited and start writing to that file and so on If the optional duration is specified Wireshark will also switch to the next file when the specified number of seconds has elapsed even if the current file is not completely fills up duration value Switch to the next file after value seconds have elapsed even if the current file is not completely filled up filesize value Switch to the next file after it reaches a size of value kilobytes where a kilobyte is 1000 bytes not 1024 bytes files value Begin again with the first file after value number of files were written form a ring buffer B lt capture buffer size Win32 Win32 only set capture buffer size in MB default is 1MB This only gt is used by the the capture driver to buffer packet data until that data can be written to disk If you encounter packet drops while capturing try to increase this size 180 Customizing Wireshark c lt capture packet count gt D f lt capture filter gt g lt packet number gt h i lt capture interface gt k L This option specifies the maximum number of packets to capture when capturing live data It would be used in conjunction with the k option Print a list of the interfaces on which Wireshark can capture and exit For each network interface a number and an interface name possibly followed by a text
169. hernet address to the corresponding IP address e g 00 09 5b 01 02 03 gt 192 168 0 1 Ethernet codes ethers file If the ARP name resolution failed Wireshark tries to convert the Ethernet address to a known device name which has been assigned by the user using an ethers file e g 00 09 5b 01 02 03 gt homerouter 154 7 7 3 7 7 4 7 7 9 Advanced Topics Ethernet manufacturer codes manuf file If neither ARP or ethers returns a result Wireshark tries to convert the first 3 bytes of an ethernet address to an abbreviated manufacturer name which has been as signed by the IEEE e g 00 09 5b 01 02 03 gt Netgear_01 02 03 IP name resolution network layer Try to resolve an IP address e g 216 239 37 99 to something more human readable DNS ADNS name resolution system library service Wireshark will ask the operating system or the ADNS library to convert an IP address to the hostname associated with it e g 216 239 37 99 gt www 1 google com The DNS service is using synchronous calls to the DNS server So Wireshark will stop responding until a response to a DNS request is returned If possible you might consider using the ADNS library which won t wait for a network response Warning A Enabling network name resolution when your name server is unavailable may significantly slow down Wireshark while it waits for all of the name server requests to time out Use ADNS in that case DNS vs ADN
170. hich is set by the TMPDIR or TEMP environment variable This variable will be set by the Windows installer Vista XXX could someone give information about this XP 2000 C Documents and Settings lt username gt Local Settings Temp NT 4 C TEMP 263 Files and Folders 264 Appendix B Protocols and Protocol Fields Wireshark distinguishes between protocols e g tcp and protocol fields e g tcp port A comprehensive list of all protocols and protocol fields can be found at ht tp www wireshark org docs dfref 265 Appendix C Wireshark Messages Wireshark provides you with additional information generated out of the plain packet data or it may need to indicate dissection problems Messages generated by Wireshark are usually placed in paren theses C 1 Packet List Messages These messages might appear in the packet list C 1 1 Malformed Packet Malformed packet means that the protocol dissector can t dissect the contents of the packet any further There can be various reasons e Wrong dissector Wireshark erroneously has chosen the wrong protocol dissector for this packet This will happen e g if you are using a protocol not on its well known TCP or UDP port You may try AnalyzelDecode As to circumvent this problem e Packet not reassembled The packet is longer than a single frame and it is not reassembled see Section 7 6 Packet Reassembling for further details e Packet is
171. his feature is not available when using GTK2 versions below 2 4 Figure 5 16 The Export Objects dialog box 105 File Input Output and Printing 1546 www wireshark org text html 8837 www wireshark org 1593 www wireshark org text css 4243 ws l css 1845 www wireshark org applicatioryx javascript 1185 common js 2488 www wireshark org image png 26763 front_screen png 2592 www wireshark org image png 8783 wslogomedbluel13 png 2978 www wireshark org image png 6525 wsiconinst80 png 2987 www wireshark org image png 159 cg_fade_bg png 3071 www wireshark org image png 296 top_navbar_bg png 3441 ads wireshark org image gif 43 adlog php bannerid 12 amp clientid 2 amp zoneid 0 amp source front amp block 0 amp cap 3525 www google analytics com image gif 35 amp utmac UA 605389 2 amp utmec __utma 3D87653150 554435287 1170449 I 2l Gel El ssvea save an Columns e Packet num The packet number in which this object was found In some cases there can be mul tiple objects in the same packet e Hostname The hostname of the server that sent the object as a response to an HTTP request e Content Type The HTTP content type of this object e Bytes The size of this object in bytes e Filename The final part of the URI after the last slash This is typically a filename but may be a long complex looking string which typically indicates that the file was received in response to a HT TP POST request Buttons
172. iesi 137 T Advanced TOPICS oea E EE E NE E E EE SES Laue EEN aa 140 T Ly mtrod ction s eean sak a ede r AEE E E ae oe 140 7 2 Following TCP Streams s e isores nose een E E EE EEES EENE sum Ep EA 141 7 2 1 The Follow TCP Stream dialog bOX s ssseessseeeieseeserressrerrsrrrrrerrsreee 141 1 3 BXpert Infos en e a a a a E a E a Risen tb castors 143 Toh Expert nfo Bn ies a a a T TE E E anaes 143 7 3 2 Expert Info Composite dialog eseeeesseerrseeserreerrrressreresrrerrrresreee 144 7 3 3 Colorized Protocol Details Tree 20 0 0 eee cece ce eeceeeceeeee teen teen es 145 7 3 4 Expert Packet List Column optional e cee ceeeceeeceeeceeeeeeeen teen es 146 74 Time Stamps oscene coset vee csvinyeces ia cucaseslebadeswieeonchibes EEEIEE EES 147 TAA Wireshark internals iiss ricse teanegsebcecggeebse says rRe ESES REEDE EO SERERE 147 7A 2 Capture file formats sorso nioi s oi ee eria EEEE E E ESEE EES 147 TAB ACCULACY Aay a ra a ease E E L bos oe E A S 147 Ror TIME ZONES en e vv Sos sd oh os tenes E A E bp Suan aa N AEAEE OE 149 7 5 1 Set your computer s time correctly 2 0 eee cee ce eeceeeceeeeeeeeneeenes 150 7 5 2 Wireshark and Time Zones a e a E aE ISE E EEA 150 7 6 lt Packet Reass mbling ive e E E ace deh E A E Rod Geet RA 152 TO Whatis ICY core teen costes worn E EREE ER Ee E IRE E Ep es 152 7 6 2 How Wireshark handles it 2 0 0 0 eee eee ee ce ee cence eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeaees 152 ET Name Re
173. ime zones can be confusing If you get a capture file from somewhere around the world time zones can even be a lot more confusing First of all there are two reasons why you may not need to think about time zones at all e You are only interested in the time differences between the packet time stamps and don t need to know the exact date and time of the captured packets which is often the case e You don t get capture files from different time zones than your own so there are simply no time zone problems For example everyone in your team is working in the same time zone as yourself What are time zones People expect that the time reflects the sunset Dawn should be in the morning maybe around 06 00 and dusk in the evening maybe at 20 00 These times will obviously vary depending on the season It would be very confusing if everyone on earth would use the same global time as this would correspond to the sunset only at a small part of the world For that reason the earth is split into several different time zones each zone with a local time that corresponds to the local sunset The time zone s base time is UTC Coordinated Universal Time or Zulu Time military and avi ation The older term GMT Greenwich Mean Time shouldn t be used as it is slightly incorrect up to 0 9 seconds difference to UTC The UTC base time equals to 0 based at Greenwich Eng land and all time zones have an offset to UTC between 12 to 14 hours For
174. ing Engine experimental user configurable extension s of the display filter engine see http wiki wireshark org Mate for details e SNMP MIBs SNMP MIBs for a more detailed SNMP dissection Tools additional command line tools to work with capture files e Editcap Editcap is a program that reads a capture file and writes some or all of the packets into an other capture file e Text2Pcap Text2pcap is a program that reads in an ASCII hex dump and writes the data into a libpcap style capture file e Mergecap Mergecap is a program that combines multiple saved capture files into a single output file e Capinfos Capinfos is a program that provides information on capture files 23 Building and Installing Wireshark User s Guide Local installation of the User s Guide The Help buttons on most dialogs will require an internet connection to show help pages if the User s Guide is not installed locally 2 8 1 2 Additional Tasks page e Start Menu Shortcuts add some start menu shortcuts e Desktop Icon add a Wireshark icon to the desktop e Quick Launch Icon add a Wireshark icon to the Explorer quick launch toolbar e Associate file extensions to Wireshark Associate standard network trace files to Wireshark 2 8 1 3 Install WinPcap page The Wireshark installer contains the latest released WinPcap installer If you don t have WinPcap installed you won t be able to capture live network traffic but you
175. invalid checksum features like packet reas sembling won t be processed This is avoided as incorrect connection data could confuse the internal database 156 Advanced Topics 7 8 2 Checksum offloading The checksum calculation might be done by the network driver protocol driver or even in hardware For example The Ethernet transmitting hardware calculates the Ethernet CRC32 checksum and the re ceiving hardware validates this checksum If the received checksum is wrong Wireshark won t even see the packet as the Ethernet hardware internally throws away the packet Higher level checksums are traditionally calculated by the protocol implementation and the completed packet is then handed over to the hardware Recent network hardware can perform advanced features such as IP checksum calculation also known as checksum offloading The network driver won t calculate the checksum itself but will simply hand over an empty zero or garbage filled checksum field to the hardware Note Checksum offloading often causes confusion as the network packets to be transmitted are handed over to Wireshark before the checksums are actually calculated Wireshark gets these empty checksums and displays them as invalid even though the packets will con tain valid checksums when they leave the network hardware later Checksum offloading can be confusing and having a lot of invalid messages on the screen can be quite annoying As mentioned abo
176. ion and format is ex plained in Appendix A Files and Folders Close this dialog This will discard unsaved settings 131 Working with captured packets 6 7 Defining and saving filter macros You can define filter macros with Wireshark and give them labels for later use This can save time in re membering and retyping some of the more complex filters you use XXX add an explanation of this 132 Working with captured packets 6 8 Finding packets You can easily find packets once you have captured some packets or have read in a previously saved capture file Simply select the Find Packet menu item from the Edit menu Wireshark will pop up the dialog box shown in Figure 6 8 The Find Packet dialog box 6 8 1 The Find Packet dialog box Figure 6 8 The Find Packet dialog box Wireshark Find Packet Find By Display filter Hex value String acket details LTS You might first select the kind of thing to search for Display filter Simply enter a display filter string into the Filter field select a direction and click on OK For example to find the three way handshake for a connection from host 192 168 0 1 use the fol lowing filter string ip src 192 168 0 1 and tcp flags syn 1 For more details on display filters see Section 6 3 Filtering packets while viewing Hex Value Search for a specific byte sequence in the packet data For example use 00 00 to
177. is in the part that s dropped or that reassembly isn t possible as the data required for reas sembly is missing This field allows you to specify a capture filter Capture filters are discussed in more details in Section 4 9 Filtering while captur ing It defaults to empty or no filter You can also click on the button labeled Capture Filter and Wireshark will bring up the Capture Filters dialog box and allow you to create and or select a filter Please see Section 6 6 Defining and saving filters 4 5 2 Capture File s frame An explanation about capture file usage can be found in Section 4 7 Capture files and file modes File Use multiple files Next file every n megabyte s Next file every n minute s Ring buffer with n files Stop capture after n file s This field allows you to specify the file name that will be used for the capture file This field is left blank by default If the field is left blank the capture data will be stored in a temporary file see Section 4 7 Capture files and file modes for details You can also click on the button to the right of this field to browse through the filesystem Instead of using a single file Wireshark will automatically switch to a new one if a specific trigger condition is reached Multiple files only Switch to the next file after the given number of byte s kilobyte s megabyte s gigabyte s have been cap tured Multiple
178. isplayed decimal places are e Automatic The timestamp precision of the loaded capture file format will be used the default e Seconds Deciseconds Centiseconds Milliseconds Microseconds or Nanoseconds The timestamp precision will be forced to the given setting If the actually available precision is smaller zeros will be appended If the precision is larger the remaining decimal places will be cut off Precision example If you have a timestamp and it s displayed using Seconds Since Previous Packet the value might be 1 123456 This will be displayed using the Automatic setting for libpcap files which is microseconds If you use Seconds it would show simply 1 and if you use Nanoseconds it shows 1 123456000 6 11 1 Packet time referencing The user can set time references to packets A time reference is the starting point for all subsequent packet time calculations It will be useful if you want to see the time values relative to a special packet e g the start of a new request It s possible to set multiple time references in the capture file A Warning The time references will not be saved permanently and will be lost when you close the cap ture file 137 Working with captured packets Note Time referencing will only be useful if the time display format is set to Seconds Since Beginning of Capture If one of the other time display formats are used time referencing will have no effect and will make no s
179. it in wireshark s user and system directories 10 4 9 2 9 1 Arguments filename Name of the file to be loaded 10 4 9 2 10 dofile filename Lua s dofileQ has been modified so that if a file does not exist in the current directory it will look for it in wireshark s user and system directories 10 4 9 2 10 1 Arguments filename Name of the file to be run 10 4 9 2 11 persconffile_path filename 10 4 9 2 11 1 Arguments filename optional A filename 252 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 9 2 11 2 Returns The full pathname for a file in the personal configuration directory 10 4 9 2 12 datafile_path filename 10 4 9 2 12 1 Arguments filename optional A filename 10 4 9 2 12 2 Returns The full pathname for a file in wireshark s configuration directory 10 4 9 2 13 register_stat_cmd_arg argument action Register a function to handle a z option 10 4 9 2 13 1 Arguments argument Argument action optional Action 253 Lua Support in Wireshark 254 Appendix A Files and Folders A 1 Capture Files A 1 1 A 1 2 To understand which information will remain available after the captured packets are saved to a capture file it s helpful to know a bit about the capture file contents Wireshark uses the libpcap file format as the default format to save captured packets this format has ex isted for a long time and it s pretty simple However it has some drawbacks it s not exten
180. ites all unsaved data of a dumper to the disk 10 4 1 1 4 dumper dump timestamp pseudoheader bytearray Dumps an arbitrary packet Note Dumper dump_current will fit best in most cases 10 4 1 1 4 1 Arguments timestamp The absolute timestamp the packet will have pseudoheader The Pseudoheader to use 215 Lua Support in Wireshark bytearray the data to be saved 10 4 1 1 5 dumper new_for_current filetype Creates a capture file using the same encapsulation as the one of the cuurrent packet 10 4 1 1 5 1 Arguments filetype optional The file type Defaults to pcap 10 4 1 1 5 2 Returns The newly created Dumper Object 10 4 1 1 5 3 Errors e Cannot be used outside a tap or a dissector 10 4 1 1 6 dumper dump_current Dumps the current packet as it is 10 4 1 1 6 1 Errors e Cannot be used outside a tap or a dissector 10 4 1 2 PseudoHeader A pseudoheader to be used to save captured frames 10 4 1 2 1 PseudoHeader none Creates a no pseudoheader 10 4 1 2 1 1 Returns A null pseudoheader 10 4 1 2 2 PseudoHeader eth fcslen Creates an ethernet pseudoheader 10 4 1 2 2 1 Arguments fcslen optional The fcs length 10 4 1 2 2 2 Returns The ethernet pseudoheader 216 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 1 2 3 PseudoHeader atm aal vpi vci channel cells aal5u2u aal5len Creates an ATM pseudoheader 10 4 1 2 3 1 Arguments aal optional AAL number vpi optional
181. k as expected Specifically the r and t options will very likely NOT have the desired effect if combined with the d D or w Packet manipulation s lt snaplen gt truncate each packet to max lt snaplen gt bytes of data C lt choplen gt hop each packet at the end by lt choplen gt bytes t lt time adjustment gt djust the timestamp of each packet time adjustment gt is in relative seconds e g 0 5 et the probability between 0 0 and 1 0 incl hat a particular packet byte will be randomly changed E lt error probability gt tu AvA Output File s c lt packets per file gt plit the packet output to different files ased on uniform packet counts ith a maximum of lt packets per file gt each plit the packet output to different files based on uniform time intervals with a maximum of lt seconds per file gt each uzon i lt seconds per file gt F lt capture type gt set the output file type default is libpcap an empty F option will list the file types T lt encap type gt set the output file encapsulation type default is the same as the input file an empty T option will list the encapsulation types Miscellaneous h display this help and exit v verbose output If v is used with any of the Duplicate Packet Removal options d D or w then Packet lengths and MD5 hashes are printed to standard out editcap F editcap option requires an argument F 274 Relat
182. ket summary The PSML file specification is available at http www nbee org doku php id netpdl psml_ specification Figure 5 13 The Export as PSML File dialog box 102 File Input Output and Printing Ethereal Export as PSML file PB All packets 131 191 O Selected packet only J Marked pack ats only From First Eo last marked packet C Specify a packet range Oo O e Export to file frame chooses the file to export the packet data to e The Packet Range frame is described in Section 5 8 The Packet Range frame There s no such thing as a packet details frame for PSML export as the packet format is defined by the PSML specification 5 6 6 The Export as PDML File dialog box Export packet data into PDML This is an XML based format including the packet details The PDML file specification is available at http www nbee org doku php id netpdl pdml_ specification The PDML specification is not officially released and Wireshark s implementation of it is still in an early beta state so please expect changes in future Wireshark versions Figure 5 14 The Export as PDML File dialog box 103 File Input Output and Printing Ethereal Export as PDML file PB All packets 191 151 O Selected packet only Marked packets only From First Eo last marked packet C Specify a packet range tt t TCTCtisdC e Export to file frame chooses the file to export the packet d
183. ldst host lt host gt This primitive allows you to filter on a host IP address or name You can optionally precede the primitive with the keyword srcldst to specify that you are only interested in source or destina tion addresses If these are not present packets where the spe cified address appears as either the source or the destination ad dress will be selected 80 4 9 1 Capturing Live Network Data ether srcldst host lt ehost gt gateway host lt host gt srcldst net lt net gt mask lt mask gt l len lt len gt tepludp sreldst port lt port gt lesslgreater lt length gt iplether proto lt protocol gt etherlip broadcastlmulticast lt expr gt relop lt expr gt This primitive allows you to filter on Ethernet host addresses You can optionally include the keyword sreldst between the keywords ether and host to specify that you are only interested in source or destination addresses If these are not present packets where the specified address appears in either the source or destin ation address will be selected This primitive allows you to filter on packets that used host as a gateway That is where the Ethernet source or destination was host but neither the source nor destination IP address was host This primitive allows you to filter on network numbers You can optionally precede this primitive with the keyword sreldst to spe cify that you are only interested in a source or destina
184. le from dumpcap dumpcap h Dumpcap 1 1 4 Capture network packets and dump them into a libpcap file See http www wireshark org for more information Usage dumpcap options Capture interface i lt interface gt name or idx of interface def first non loopback f lt capture filter gt packet filter in libpcap filter syntax s lt snaplen gt packet snapshot length def 65535 p don t capture in promiscuous mode B lt buffer size gt size of kernel buffer def 1MB y lt link type gt link layer type def first appropriate D print list of interfaces and exit b print list of link layer types of iface and exit S print statistics for each interface once every second M for D L and S produce machine readable output Stop conditions c lt packet count gt stop after n packets def infinite a lt autostop cond gt duration NUM stop after NUM seconds filesize NUM stop this file after NUM KB files NUM stop after NUM files Output files w lt filename gt name of file to save def tempfile b lt ringbuffer opt gt duration NUM switch to next file after NUM secs filesize NUM switch to next file after NUM KB files NUM ringbuffer replace after NUM files n use pcapng format instead of pcap Miscellaneous v print version information and exit h display this help and exit Example dumpcap i eth0 a duration 60 w output pcap Capture network packets from interface eth0 u
185. lhs is before the end of rhs 10 4 2 2 7 fieldinfo _ It Checks whether the end byte of rhs is before the beginning of rhs 10 4 2 2 7 1 Errors 218 Lua Support in Wireshark e Data source must be the same for both fields 10 4 2 2 8 fieldinfo name The name of this field 10 4 2 2 9 fieldinfo label The string representing this field 10 4 2 2 10 fieldinfo value The value of this field 10 4 2 2 11 fieldinfo len The length of this field 10 4 2 2 12 fieldinfo offset The offset of this field 10 4 2 3 Non Method Functions 10 4 2 3 1 all_field_infos Obtain all fields from the current tree 10 4 2 3 1 1 Errors e Cannot be called outside a listener or dissector 10 4 3 GUI support 10 4 3 1 ProgDlig Manages a progress bar dialog 10 4 3 1 1 ProgDlg new title task Creates a new TextWindow 10 4 3 1 1 1 Arguments 1 title optional Title of the new window defaults to Progress wi task optional Current task defaults to 10 4 3 1 1 2 Returns The newly created TextWindow object 219 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 3 1 2 progdlg update progress task Appends text 10 4 3 1 2 1 Arguments progress Part done e g 0 75 nn task optional Current task defaults to 10 4 3 1 2 2 Errors e Cannot be called for something not a ProgDlg e Progress value out of range must be between 0 0 and 1 0 10 4 3 1 3 progdlg stopped Checks wheher the user has
186. ll be done using your time zone s offset from UTC and DST rules which means the conversion will not be done correctly the conversion back to local time for display might undo this correctly in which case the arrival time will be displayed as the arrival time in which the packet was captured Table 7 2 Time zone examples for UTC arrival times without DST Los Angeles New York Madrid London Berlin Tokyo Capture File 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 UTC Local Offset 8 5 1 0 1 9 to UTC Displayed 02 00 05 00 09 00 10 00 11 00 19 00 Time Local Time An example Let s assume that someone in Los Angeles captured a packet with Wireshark at exactly 2 o clock local time and sends you this capture file The capture file s time stamp will be represented in UTC as 10 o clock You are located in Berlin and will see 11 o clock on your Wireshark display Now you have a phone call video conference or Internet meeting with that one to talk about that capture file As you are both looking at the displayed time on your local computers the one in Los Angeles still sees 2 o clock but you in Berlin will see 11 o clock The time displays are different as both Wireshark displays will show the different local times at the same point in time Conclusion You may not bother about the date time of the time stamp you currently look at unless you must make sure that the date time is as expected So if you get a capture fil
187. ll modules it contains plus any associated interface definition files plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable However as a special exception the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed in either source or binary form with the major components compiler kernel and so on of the operating system on which the executable runs unless that component itself accompanies the executable If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code 4 You may not copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License Any attempt otherwise to copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this License However parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance 5 You are not required to accept this License since you have not signed it However nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this Li
188. ll subsequent packets will show the time since the last time reference 138 Working with captured packets 139 Chapter 7 Advanced Topics 7 1 Introduction In this chapter some of the advanced features of Wireshark will be described 140 Advanced Topics 7 2 Following TCP streams If you are working with TCP based protocols it can be very helpful to see the data from a TCP stream in the way that the application layer sees it Perhaps you are looking for passwords in a Telnet stream or you are trying to make sense of a data stream Maybe you just need a display filter to show only the packets of that TCP stream If so Wireshark s ability to follow a TCP stream will be useful to you Simply select a TCP packet in the packet list of the stream connection you are interested in and then se lect the Follow TCP Stream menu item from the Wireshark Tools menu or use the context menu in the packet list Wireshark will set an appropriate display filter and pop up a dialog box with all the data from the TCP stream laid out in order as shown in Figure 7 1 The Follow TCP Stream dialog box Note It is worthwhile noting that Follow TCP Stream installs a display filter to select all the packets in the TCP stream you have selected 7 2 1 The Follow TCP Stream dialog box Figure 7 1 The Follow TCP Stream dialog box Follow TCP Stream Ce Stream Content SUBSCRIBE upnp service Layer3Forwarding HTTP 1 1
189. llow UDP Stream Same functionality as Follow TCP Stream but for UDP streams Follow SSL Stream Same functionality as Follow TCP Stream but for SSL streams XXX how to provide the SSL keys Expert Info Open a dialog showing some expert information about the cap tured packets in a log style display The amount of information will depend on the protocol and varies from very detailed to none existing This is currently a work in progress XXX add a new section about this and link from here Expert Info Composite Same information as in Expert Info but trying to group items together for faster analysis Conversation Filter gt In this menu you will find conversation filter for various proto cols 49 User Interface 3 11 The Statistics menu The Wireshark Statistics menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 8 Statistics menu items Figure 3 9 The Statistics Menu test pcap Wireshark File Edit View Go Capture Analyze RSG Bw oo w e goer gt eF BiGiaa Protocol Hierarchy Conversations w Filter Endpoints KA d Expression Ys clear y Apply 10 Graphs A No Time Source Protocol Info 1 0 000000 192 168 0 2 Conversation List ARP Who has 192 168 0 2 Gratuitous 2 92 168 0 Endpoint List SN ERG aN STATES g Service se Time 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 AEO ses e seul Ale gt AFP bmbership Report ANSI DCE RPC Fax T38 Analysis Fibre Channel GS
190. look at the Coloring Rule Name and Coloring Rule String fields Figure 9 4 Using color filters with Wireshark 187 Customizing Wireshark test pcap Wireshark File Edit Yiew Go Capture Analyze Statistics Help BSwaeewiogx s es Q8eoeF 2 S Hiaa Meier F dP Expression Yi clear Apply No Time Source Destination Protocol Info Broadcast ARP Who has 192 168 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 224 0 0 22 IGMP V3 Membership Report me Frame 1 42 bytes on wire 42 bytes captured Arrival Time Jun 22 2004 20 02 48 863096000 Time delta from previous packet 0 000000000 seconds Time since reference or first frame 0 000000000 seconds Frame Number 1 Packet Length 42 bytes Capture Length 42 bytes Frame is marked False Protocols in frame eth arp Coloring Rule Name arp Coloring Rule String arp 2 Sthernet TT Cer 197 IAR A D FARA rae Rats Arnadraat OF FF FF FF FF FF EFEFEF TETT O0 Ob 20 cd 02 08 06 00 O1 08 OO 06 04 OO 01 OO Ob 20 cd 02 cO a8 00 02 Oo 00 OO 00 OO 00 cO a8 02 Frame frame 42 bytes P 120 D 120 M 0 3 188 Customizing Wireshark 9 4 Control Protocol dissection 9 4 1 The user can control how protocols are dissected Each protocol has its own dissector so dissecting a complete packet will typically involve several dis sectors As Wireshark tries to find the right dissector for each packet using static routes and heuristics guessing it mi
191. lor Background Color In the Edit Color dialog box simply enter a name for the color filter and enter a filter string in the Filter text field Figure 9 2 The Edit Color Filter dialog box shows the values arp and arp which means that the name of the color filter is arp and the filter will select protocols of type arp Once you have entered these values you can choose a foreground and background color for packets that match the filter expression Click on Foreground color or Background color to achieve this and Wireshark will pop up the Choose foreground background color for protocol dialog box as shown in Figure 9 3 The Choose color dialog box Display Colors Figure 9 3 The Choose color dialog box 186 Customizing Wireshark Wireshark Choose background color for arp Hue Red 214 Saturation Green 231 Value Blue 255 Select the color you desire for the selected packets and click on OK Note You must select a color in the colorbar next to the colorwheel to load values into the RGB values Alternatively you can set the values to select the color you want Figure 9 4 Using color filters with Wireshark shows an example of several color filters being used in Wireshark You may not like the color choices however feel free to choose your own If you are uncertain which coloring rule actually took place for a specific packet have a
192. lso get your empl school if any to sign a co necessary Here is a sample Yoyodyne Inc hereby disc Gnomovision which makes lt signature of Ty Coon gt 1 A Ty Coon President of Vice This General Public License d proprietary programs If you consider it more useful to pe library If this is what you Public License instead of thi d you are welcome to redistribute it type show c for details ow w and show c should show the appropriate icense Of course the commands you use may n show w and show c they could even be hatever suits your program oyer if you work as a programmer pyright disclaimer for the program alter the names or your if laims all copyright interest in the program passes at compilers written by James Hacker pril 1989 oes not permit incorporating your program into r program is a subroutine library you may rmit linking proprietary applications with the want to do use the GNU Library General s License 289
193. lt O0 gt lt 0 3 User Specified Decodes TT 4 1 025659 192 14 Follow TCP Stream IGMP V3 Membership Report Expert Info Expert Info Composite 3196 gt http SYN A Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 62 bytes captured Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 00 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Transmission Control Protocol Src Port 3196 3196 Dst Port http 80 Seq 0 Len O Source port 3196 3196 Destination port http 80 Sequence number O relative sequence number Header length 28 bytes Flags Ox0002 SYN Window size 64240 HDH LE E 02 08 00 45 00 00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 61 2c cO a8 OO 02 cO a8 o0 01 Ta r OO OO OO 00 70 O2 ta TO 27 e0 00 00 02 04 O5 b4 O1 O1 04 02 Transmission Control Protocol tcp 28 bytes JP 120 D 120 M 0 2 Table 3 7 Analyze menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Display Fil ters This menu item brings up a dialog box that allows you to create and edit display filters You can name filters and you can save them for future use More detail on this subject is provided in Section 6 6 Defining and saving filters Display Filter Macros This menu item brings up a dialog box that allows you to create and edit display filter macros You can name filter macros and you can save them for future use More detail on this subject is provided in Secti
194. m allows you to control whether or not Wireshark trans lates network addresses into names see Section 7 7 Name Res olution Name Resolu tion gt Enable for Transport Layer This item allows you to control whether or not Wireshark trans lates transport addresses into names see Section 7 7 Name Res olution Colorize Packet List This item allows you to control whether or not Wireshark should colorize the packet list Note Enabling colorization will slow down the display of new packets while capturing loading capture files Auto Scroll in Live Capture This item allows you to specify that Wireshark should scroll the packet list pane as new packets come in so you are always look ing at the last packet If you do not specify this Wireshark simply adds new packets onto the end of the list but does not scroll the packet list pane Zoom In Ctrl Zoom into the packet data increase the font size 41 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description Zoom Out Ctrl Zoom out of the packet data decrease the font size Normal Size Ctrl Set zoom level back to 100 set font size back to normal Resize All Columns Resize all column widths so the content will fit into it Note Resizing may take a significant amount of time es pecially if a large capture file is loaded Expand Sub trees This menu item expands the curren
195. m from the Edit menu or simply press Shift Ctrl A and Wireshark will pop up the Configuration Profiles dialog box as shown in Figure 9 10 The config ation profiles dialog box It is also possible to click in the Profile part of the statusbar to popup a menu with available Configuration Profiles Figure 3 19 The Statusbar with a configuration profile menu Configuration files stored in the Profiles e Preferences preferences Section 9 5 Preferences gt e Capture Filters cfilters Section 6 6 Defining and saving filters gt e Display Filters dfilters Section 6 6 Defining and saving filters e Coloring Rules colorfilters Section 9 3 Packet colorization i e Disabled Protocols disabled_protos Section 9 4 1 The Enabled Protocols dialog box e User Accessible Tables e Display Filter Macros dfilter_macros Section 9 8 Display Filter Macros e GeolIP Database Paths geoip_db_paths Section 9 9 GeoIP Database Paths e K12 Protocols k12_protos Section 9 10 Tektronix K12xx 15 RF5 protocols Table e PRES Users Context List pres_context_list Section 9 11 PRES Users Context List e SCCP Users Table sccp_users Section 9 12 SCCP users Table e SMI Modules smi_modules Section 9 13 SMI MIB and PIB Modules e SMI Paths smi_paths Section 9 14 SMI MIB and PIB Paths e SNMP Users snmp_users Sec
196. m time to time If the above tools will be more helpful than Wireshark is a different question EZ Third party protocol analyzers may require specific file extensions Other protocol analyzers than Wireshark may require that the file has a certain file exten sion in order to read the files you generate with Wireshark e g cap for Network Associates Sniffer Windows 95 File Input Output and Printing 5 4 Merging capture files 5 4 1 Sometimes you need to merge several capture files into one For example this can be useful if you have captured simultaneously from multiple interfaces at once e g using multiple instances of Wireshark Merging capture files can be done in three ways e Use the menu item Merge from the File menu to open the merge dialog see Section 5 4 1 The Merge with Capture File dialog box This menu item will be disabled until you have loaded a capture file e Use drag and drop to drop multiple files on the main window Wireshark will try to merge the packets in chronological order from the dropped files into a newly created temporary file If you drop only a single file it will simply replace a maybe existing one e Use the mergecap tool which is a command line tool to merge capture files This tool provides the most options to merge capture files see Section D 7 mergecap Merging multiple capture files into one The Merge with Capture File dialog box
197. mps come from While capturing Wireshark gets the time stamps from the libpcap WinPcap library which in turn gets them from the operating system kernel If the capture data is loaded from a capture file Wireshark obviously gets the data from that file Wireshark internals The internal format that Wireshark uses to keep a packet time stamp consists of the date in days since 1 1 1970 and the time of day in nanoseconds since midnight You can adjust the way Wireshark dis plays the time stamp data in the packet list see the Time Display Format item in the Section 3 7 The View menu for details While reading or writing capture files Wireshark converts the time stamp data between the capture file format and the internal format as required While capturing Wireshark uses the libpcap WinPcap capture library which supports microsecond res olution Unless you are working with specialized capturing hardware this resolution should be adequate Capture file formats Every capture file format that Wireshark knows supports time stamps The time stamp precision suppor ted by a specific capture file format differs widely and varies from one second 0 to one nanosecond 0 123456789 Most file formats store the time stamps with a fixed precision e g microseconds while some file formats are even capable of storing the time stamp precision itself whatever the benefit may be The common libpcap capture file format that is used
198. much output removed gt make install lt much output removed gt J 2 3 Note You may need to change the version number of gtk in Example 2 1 Building GTK from source to match the version of GTK you have downloaded The directory you change to will change if the version of GTK changes and in all cases tar xvf will show you the name of the directory you should change to Note If you use Linux or have GNU tar installed you can use tar zxvf gtk 1 2 10 tar gz It is also possible to use gunzip c or gzcat rather than gzip dc on many UNIX systems Note If you downloaded gtk or any other tar file using Windows you may find your file called gtk 1_2 8 tar gz You should consult the GTK web site if any errors occur in carrying out the instructions in Ex ample 2 1 Building GTK from source 15 Building and Installing Wireshark If you have downloaded the source to libpcap the general instructions shown in Example 2 2 Building and installing libpcap will assist in building it Also if your operating system does not support tcp dump you might also want to download it from the tcpdump web site and install it Example 2 2 Building and installing libpcap gzip de libpcap 0 9 4 tar Z2 tar xvf lt much output removed gt cd libpcap 0 9 4 configure lt much output removed gt make lt much output removed gt make install lt much output removed gt Note The di
199. n 9 7 User Table by selecting the Display Filter Macros menu item from the View Menu The User Table has the following fields Nam The name of the macro e Text The replacement text for the macro it uses 1 2 3 as the input arguments 201 Customizing Wireshark 9 9 GeolP Database Paths If your copy of Wireshark supports MaxMind s GeolIP library you can use their databases to match IP addresses to countries cites autonomous system numbers ISPs and other bits of information Some databases are available at no cost while others require a licensing fee See the MaxMind web site for more information This table is handled by an Section 9 7 User Table with the following fields Database pathname This specifies a directory containing GeoIP data files Any files beginning with Geo and ending with dat will be automatically loaded A total of 8 files can be loaded The locations for your data files are up to you but usr share GeoIP Linux C GeoIP Windows C Program Files Wireshark GeoIP Windows might be good choices 202 Customizing Wireshark 9 10 Tektronix K12xx 15 RF5 protocols Table The Tektronix K12xx 15 rf5 file format uses helper files stk to identify the various protocols that are used by a certain interface Wireshark doesn t read these stk files it uses a table that helps it identify which lowest layer protocol to use Stk file to protocol matching is handled b
200. n files and folders overview to translate port numbers into names An example is mydns 5045 udp My own Domain Name Server mydns 5045 tcp My own Domain Name Server The settings from this file are read in at program start and never written by Wireshark Wireshark uses the files listed in Table A 1 Configuration files and folders overview to translate an IPv4 address into a subnet name If no exact match from the hosts file or from DNS is found Wireshark will attempt a partial match for the subnet of the ad dress Each line of this file consists of an IPv4 address a subnet mask length separated only by a and a name separated by whitespace While the address must be a full IPv4 address any values beyond the mask length are subsequently ignored An example is 260 Files and Folders ipxnets plugins folder temp folder Comments must be prepended by the sign 192 168 0 0 24 ws_test_network A partially matched name will be printed as subnet name remaining address For example 192 168 0 1 under the subnet above would be printed as ws_test_network 1 if the mask length above had been 16 rather than 24 the printed address would be ws_test_network 0 1 The settings from this file are read in at program start and never written by Wireshark Wireshark uses the files listed in Table A 1 Configuration files and folders overview to translate IPX network numbers into names An e
201. nal The name of the menu item The submenus are to be separated by s string The function to be called when the menu item is invoked function taking no arguments and returning nothing The menu group into which the menu item is to be inserted If omitted de faults to MENU_STAT_GENERIC One of MENU_STAT Statistics MENU_STAT_GENERIC Statistics first section MENU_STAT_CONVERSATION Statistics Conversation List MENU_STAT_ENDPOINT Statistics Endpoint List MENU_STAT_RESPONSE Statistics Service Response Time MENU_STAT_TELEPHONY Telephony MENU_ANALYZE Analyze MENU_ANALYZE_CONVERSATION Analyze Conversation Filter MENU_TOOLS Tools number 223 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 3 3 3 new_dialog title action Pops up a new dialog 10 4 3 3 3 1 Arguments title Title of the dialog s window action Action to be performed when OKd A series of strings to be used as labels of the dialog s fields 10 4 3 3 3 2 Errors e At least one field required e All fields must be strings 10 4 3 3 4 retap_packets Rescan all packets and just run taps don t reconstruct the display 10 4 3 3 5 copy_to_clipboard text Copy a string into the clipboard 10 4 3 3 5 1 Arguments text The string to be copied into the clipboard 10 4 3 3 6 open_capture_file filename filter Open and display a capture file 10 4 3 3 6 1 Arguments filename The name of the file to be opened filter A filter
202. nalyze Statistics Help SweeaeelioHBxe 8e orF zt BiGiaa Miter F fp Expression Ys clear y Apply No Time Source Destination Protocol Info 1 0 000000 192 168 0 2 Broadcast ARP Who has 192 168 0 2 Gratuitous 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 224 0 0 22 V3 Membership Report gt http SYN Seq 0 Len 0 MSS gt Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 62 bytes captured Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 00 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a Internet Protocol Src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Transmission Control Protocol Src Port 3196 3196 Dst Port http 80 Seq O Len O Source port 3196 3196 Destination port http 80 Sequence number O relative sequence number Header length 28 bytes Flags Ox0002 SYN Window size 64240 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a 00 0 5d 20 cd 02 08 00 45 00 00 30 18 48 40 00 80 06 61 2c cO a8 OO 02 cO ag 00 01 Oc 7c 00 50 3c 36 95 f8 OO GO OO 00 70 02 fa fO 27 e0 00 00 02 04 05 b4 01 01 04 02 File D test pcap 14 KB 00 00 02 P 120 D 120 M 0 T og Wireshark s main window consists of parts that are commonly known from many other GUI programs 1 The menu see Section 3 4 The Menu is used to start actions 2 The main toolbar see Section 3 14 The Main toolbar provides quick access to frequently used items from the menu 3 The filter toolbar see Section 3 15 The Filter toolbar provides a way to directly manipulate
203. nce since 1970 01 01 00 00 00 see Section 6 11 Time display Epoch formats and time references 1970 01 01 1234567890 123 456 Time Display Format gt 40 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description Time Display Format gt Auto Selecting this tells Wireshark to display time stamps with the pre matic File cision given by the capture file format used see Section 6 11 Format Preci Time display formats and time references sion Note The fields Automatic Seconds and seconds are mutually exclusive Time Display Format gt Selecting this tells Wireshark to display time stamps with a preci Seconds 0 sion of one second see Section 6 11 Time display formats and time references Time Display Format gt Selecting this tells Wireshark to display time stamps with a preci seconds 0 sion of one second decisecond centisecond millisecond micro second or nanosecond see Section 6 11 Time display formats and time references Name Resolu tion gt Resolve Name This item allows you to trigger a name resolve of the current packet only see Section 7 7 Name Resolution Name Resolu tion gt Enable This item allows you to control whether or not Wireshark trans for MAC Layer lates MAC addresses into names see Section 7 7 Name Resolu tion Name Resolu tion gt Enable for Network Layer This ite
204. nces e Source The address where this packet is coming from e Destination The address where this packet is going to e Protocol The protocol name in a short perhaps abbreviated version e Info Additional information about the packet content There is a context menu right mouse click available see details in Figure 6 3 Pop up menu of the Packet List pane 61 User Interface 3 17 The Packet Details pane The packet details pane shows the current packet selected in the Packet List pane in a more detailed form Figure 3 14 The Packet Details pane Frame 1 42 bytes on wire 42 bytes captured Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 00 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Ost Broadcast ff ff ff ff ff fh Address Resolution Protocol request gratuitous ARP This pane shows the protocols and protocol fields of the packet selected in the Packet List pane The protocols and fields of the packet are displayed using a tree which can be expanded and collapsed There is a context menu right mouse click available see details in Figure 6 4 Pop up menu of the Packet Details pane Some protocol fields are specially displayed e Generated fields Wireshark itself will generate additional protocol fields which are surrounded by brackets The information in these fields is derived from the known context to other packets in the capture file For example Wireshark is doing a sequence acknowledge analysis of each T
205. nd a packet There is further information on finding packets in Section 6 8 Finding packets Go Back Go Go Back This item jumps back in the packet history Go Forward Go Go Forward This item jumps forward in the packet history Go to Packet Go Go to Packet This item brings up a dialog box that allows you to specify a packet number to go to that packet Go To _ First Go First Packet Packet This item jumps to the first packet of the capture file Go To Last Pack Go Last Packet et This item jumps to the last packet of the capture file Colorize View Colorize Colorize the packet list or not Auto Scroll in View Auto Scroll Live Capture in Live Capture Auto scroll packet list while doing a live capture or not Zoom In View Zoom In Zoom into the packet data increase the font size Zoom Out View Zoom Out Zoom out of the packet data decrease the font size Normal Size View Normal Size Set zoom level back to 100 57 User Interface Toolbar Toolbar Item Corresponding Description Icon Menu Item E Resize Columns View Resize ia Columns Resize columns so the content fits into them W Capture Filters Capture Capture di Filters This item brings up a dialog box that allows you to create and edit capture filters You can name filters and you can save them for future use More detail on this subject is provided in Section 6
206. ndows WLAN Traffic See Section 8 8 WLAN Traffic Statistics 52 User Interface 3 12 The Tools menu The Wireshark Tools menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 9 Tools menu items Table 3 9 Tools menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Firewall ACL Rules This allows you to create command line ACL rules for many dif ferent firewall products including Cisco IOS Linux Netfilter iptables OpenBSD pf and Windows Firewall via netsh Rules for MAC addresses IPv4 addresses TCP and UDP ports and IPv4 port combinations are supported It is assumed that the rules will be applied to an outside interface 53 User Interface 3 13 The Help menu The Wireshark Help menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 10 Help menu items Figure 3 10 The Help Menu test pcap Wireshark File Edit Yiew Go Capture Analyze Statistics M283 Bw eo ow o g x ge p 7 2 BE a a Supported Protocols User s Guide w Filter Manual Pages 4 Expression Ys clear W Apply Wireshar f amp Home Page No Time Source 1 0 000000 192 168 0 2 E about wireshark 192 168 0 2 Gratuitous D User s Guide FAQ s 4 1 025659 192 168 0 2 224 0 0 22 Downloads rship Report Example Files 192 168 0 2 Z 0 C 3196 gt http SYN Frame 11 62 bytes on wire 62 bytes captured Ethernet II Src 192 168 0 2 00 0b 5d 20 cd 02 Dst Netgear_2d 75 9a 00 09 5b 2d 75 9a
207. ndows Wireshark Capture Interfaces Description Packets Packets s a Adapter for generic dialup and YPN capture il start a Broadcom Netxtreme Gigabit Ethernet Driver Wmm i Figure 4 2 The Capture Interfaces dialog box on Unix Linux Wireshark Capture Interfaces Device Description IP Packets Packets s wi etho 192 168 0 127 486 2 start jf options l any Pseudo device that captures on all interfaces 486 2 Qj start g Options wi lo 127 0 0 1 Gi start options Co Device Unix Linux only The interface device name Description The interface description provided by the operating system 70 Capturing Live Network Data IP Packets Packets s Stop Start Options Details Microsoft Windows only Help Close The first IP address Wireshark could resolve from this interface If no address could be resolved e g no DHCP server available unknown will be displayed If more than one IP address could be resolved only the first is shown unpredictable which one in that case The number of packets captured from this interface since this dia log was opened Will be greyed out if no packet was captured in the last second Number of packets captured in the last second Will be greyed out if no packet was captured in the last second Stop a currently running capture Start a capture on this interface immediately using the settings from th
208. ndows are still available The main reason is that they might process faster for very large capture files However as the functionality is exactly the same as in the combined window they won t be discussed in detail here 168 Statistics 8 6 The IO Graphs window User configurable graph of the captured network packets You can define up to five differently colored graphs Figure 8 5 The IO Graphs window Wireshark 10 Graphs http pcap Pe for 500 250 0 Os 10s 20s 30s a Graphs X Axis Filter l Style Line Tick interval 1 sec ilter http Style Line Pixels per tick 10 r O View as time of day Graph 3 Color ilter l Style Line Y Axis Graph 4 Color i gt Gin 4 m D y Q o a as Im Im ilter Style Line Unit Packets Tick Graph 5 Color MJ Filter Style Line gt Scale Auto Help Eh Copy save Close The user can configure the following things Im f e Graphs e Graph 1 5 enable the specific graph 1 5 only graph 1 is enabled by default e Color the color of the graph cannot be changed e Filter a display filter for this graph only the packets that pass this filter will be taken into ac count for this graph e Style the style of the graph Line Impulse FBar Dot X Axis e Tick interval an interval in x direction lasts 10 1 minutes or 10 1 0 1 0 01 0 001 seconds e
209. ned and saved It consists of one or more lines where each line has the following format lt filter name gt lt filter string gt The settings from this file are read in at program start and written to disk when you press the Save button in the Capture Filters dialog box dfilters This file contains all the display filters that you have defined and saved It consists of one or more lines where each line has the following format lt filter name gt lt filter string gt The settings from this file are read in at program start and written to disk when you press the Save button in the Display Filters dialog box colorfilters This file contains all the color filters that you have defined and saved It consists of one or more lines where each line has the following format lt filter name gt lt filter string gt lt bg RGB 16 bit gt lt fg RGB 16 bit gt The settings from this file are read in at program start and written to disk when you press the Save button in the Coloring Rules dialog box disabled_protos Each line in this file specifies a disabled protocol name The fol lowing are some examples tcp udp The settings from this file are read in at program start and written to disk when you press the Save button in the Enabled Protocols dialog box ethers When Wireshark is trying to translate Ethernet hardware ad dresses to names it consults the files listed in Table A l Configuration files
210. nsupported in your version of Wireshark If this is the case the corresponding menu items will be hidden Note If calling a Web browser fails on your machine maybe because just nothing happens or the browser is started but no page is shown have a look at the web browser setting in the pref erences dialog 55 User Interface 3 14 The Main toolbar The main toolbar provides quick access to frequently used items from the menu This toolbar cannot be customized by the user but it can be hidden using the View menu if the space on the screen is needed to show even more packet data As in the menu only the items useful in the current program state will be available The others will be greyed out e g you cannot save a capture file if you haven t loaded one Figure 3 11 The Main toolbar Bee e oG eS OerxvMF 2 FG QQ Table 3 11 Main toolbar items Toolbar Toolbar Item Corresponding Description Icon Menu Item j Interfaces Capture Inter JA faces This item brings up the Capture Interfaces List dialog box discussed further in Section 4 3 Start Captur ing Options Capture Options This item brings up the Capture Options dialog box discussed further in Section 4 3 Start Capturing and allows you to start capturing packets Start Capture Start This item starts capturing packets with the options form the last time Stop Capture Stop This item stop
211. nt 319 Precision Time Protocol IG amp E1 588 The protocol field causing an expert info is colorized e g uses a cyan background for a note severity level This color is propagated to the toplevel protocol item in the tree so it s easy to find the field that 145 Advanced Topics caused the expert info For the example screenshot above the IP Time to live value is very low only 1 so the corresponding protocol field is marked with a cyan background To easier find that item in the packet tree the IP pro tocol toplevel item is marked cyan as well 7 3 4 Expert Packet List Column optional Sore Destnadon Expert etecs Fto An optional Expert Info Severity packet list column is available since SVN 22387 gt 0 99 7 that dis plays the most significant severity of a packet or stays empty if everything seems ok This column is not displayed by default but can be easily added using the Preferences Columns page described in Sec tion 9 5 Preferences 146 Advanced Topics 7 4 Time Stamps 7 4 1 7 4 2 7 4 3 Time stamps their precisions and all that can be quite confusing This section will provide you with in formation about what s going on while Wireshark processes time stamps While packets are captured each packet is time stamped as it comes in These time stamps will be saved to the capture file so they also will be available for later analysis So where do these time sta
212. nternet Protocol Src 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 2 Dst 192 168 0 1 192 168 0 1 Transmission Control Protocol Src Port 3196 3196 Dst Port http 80 Seq O Len O Source port 3196 3196 Destination port http 80 Sequence number O relative sequence number Header length 28 bytes Flags Ox0002 SYN Window size 64240 O amp 02 08 00 45 00 61 2c cO a8 00 02 cO a8 95 f8 00 00 00 00 70 02 030 fa fO 27 e0 OO OO O2 04 05 b4 O1 O1 04 02 File D test pcap 14 KB 00 00 02 P 120 D 120 M 0 Table 3 2 File menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Open Ctrl O This menu item brings up the file open dialog box that allows you to load a capture file for viewing It is discussed in more detail in Section 5 2 1 The Open Capture File dialog box Open Recent This menu item shows a submenu containing the recently opened capture files Clicking on one of the submenu items will open the corresponding capture file directly Merge This menu item brings up the merge file dialog box that allows you to merge a capture file into the currently loaded one It is dis cussed in more detail in Section 5 4 Merging capture files 34 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description Close Ctrl W This menu item closes the current capture If you haven t saved the capture you will be asked to do so first this can be disabled by a preference se
213. ntil 60s passed into output pcap Use Ctrl C to stop capturing at any time 272 Related command line tools D 5 capinfos Print information about capture files Included with Wireshark is a small utility called capinfos which is a command line utility to print in formation about binary capture files Example D 2 Help information available from capinfos capinfos h Capinfos 1 1 4 Prints information about capture files See http www wireshark org for more information Usage capinfos options lt infile gt General t display the capture file type E display the capture file encapsulation Size c display the number of packets s display the size of the file in bytes d display the total length of all packets in bytes Time u display the capture duration in seconds a display the capture start time e display the capture end time Statistics y display average data rate in bytes sec i display average data rate in bits sec z display average packet size in bytes x display average packet rate in packets sec Miscellaneous h display this help and exit If no options are given the default is to display all infos 273 Related command line tools D 6 editcap Edit capture files Included with Wireshark is a small utility called editcap which is a command line utility for working with capture files Its main function is to remove packets from capture files bu
214. o that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors reputations Finally any free program is threatened constantly by software patents We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses in effect making the program proprietary To prevent this we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone s free use or not licensed at all The precise terms and conditions for copying distribution and modification follow GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 285 This Document s License GPL 0 This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License The Program below refers to any such program or work and a work based on the Program means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law that is to say a work containing the Program or a portion of it either verbatim or with modifications and or translated into another language Hereinafter translation is included without limitation in the term modification Each licensee is addressed as you Activities other than copying distribution and modification are not covered by this License they are outside its scope The act of running the Program is not restricted and the output from th
215. o_00001_20040205110 ring buffer 102 cap foo_00002_20040205110 102 cap Single temporary file A temporary file will be created and used this is the default 77 Capturing Live Network Data Single named file Multiple files continuous Multiple files ring buffer After the capturing is stopped this file can be saved later under a user specified name A single capture file will be used If you want to place the new capture file to a specific folder choose this mode Like the Single named file mode but a new file is created and used after reaching one of the multiple file switch conditions one of the Next file every values Much like Multiple files continuous reaching one of the mul tiple files switch conditions one of the Next file every val ues will switch to the next file This will be a newly created file if value of Ring buffer with n files is not reached otherwise it will replace the oldest of the formerly used files thus forming a ring This mode will limit the maximum disk usage even for an unlim ited amount of capture input data keeping the latest captured data 78 Capturing Live Network Data 4 8 Link layer header type In the usual case you won t have to choose this link layer header type The following paragraphs de scribe the exceptional cases where selecting this type is possible so you will have a guide of what to do If you
216. on 6 7 Defining and saving filter macros Apply as Filter gt a These menu items will change the current display filter and apply the changed filter immediately Depending on the chosen menu 48 User Interface Menu Item Accelerator Description item the current display filter string will be replaced or appended to by the selected protocol field in the packet details pane Prepare a Fil ter gt These menu items will change the current display filter but won t apply the changed filter Depending on the chosen menu item the current display filter string will be replaced or appended to by the selected protocol field in the packet details pane Enabled Proto Shift Ctrl R cols This menu item allows the user to enable disable protocol dis sectors see Section 9 4 1 The Enabled Protocols dialog box Decode As This menu item allows the user to force Wireshark to decode cer tain packets as a particular protocol see Section 9 4 2 User Spe cified Decodes User Specified Decodes This menu item allows the user to force Wireshark to decode cer tain packets as a particular protocol see Section 9 4 3 Show User Specified Decodes Follow TCP Stream This menu item brings up a separate window and displays all the TCP segments captured that are on the same TCP connection as a selected packet see Section 7 2 Following TCP streams Fo
217. on information is rebuilt each time Wireshark is restarted so this in formation might even change when the capture file is reopened on the same machine later 255 Files and Folders the number of packets dropped while capturing packet marks set with Edit Mark Packet time references set with Edit Time Reference the current display filter 256 Files and Folders A 2 Configuration Files and Folders Wireshark uses a number of files and folders while it is running Some of these reside in the personal configuration folder and are used to maintain information between runs of Wireshark while some of them are maintained in system areas v The content format of the configuration files is the same on all platforms However to match the differ Tip A list of the folders Wireshark actually uses can be found under the Folders tab in the dia log box shown when you select About Wireshark from the Help menu ent policies for Unix and Windows platforms different folders are used for these files Table A 1 Configuration files and folders overview File Folder Description Unix Linux Windows folders folders preferences Settings from the WIRESHARK wireshark conf Preferences dialog etc wire APPDATA Wireshark preferences box shark conf HOME wireshar k preferences recent Recent GUI set HOME wireshar APPDATA Wireshark recent tings e g recent k recent files list
218. ons folder If adding multiple profiles with the same name only one profile will be created 198 Customizing Wireshark Illegal characters On Windows the profile name cannot start or end with a period and cannot contain any of the following characters lt gt On Unix the profile name cannot contain the charac ter OK This button saves all changes applies the selected profile and closes the dialog Apply This button saves all changes applies the selected profile and keeps the dialog open Cancel Close this dialog This will discard unsaved settings new profiles will not be added and deleted profiles will not be deleted Help Show this help page 199 Customizing Wireshark 9 7 User Table The User Table editor is used for managing various tables in wireshark Its main dialog works very sim ilarly to that of Section 9 3 Packet colorization 200 Customizing Wireshark 9 8 Display Filter Macros Display Filter Macros are a mechanism to create shortcuts for complex filters For example defining a display filter macro named tep_conv whose text is ip sre 1 and ip dst 2 and tcp sreport 3 and tcp dstport 4 or ip src 2 and ip dst 1 and tcp srcport 4 and tcp dstport 3 would allow to use a display filter like tep_conv 10 1 1 2 10 1 1 3 1200 1400 instead of typing the whole filter Display Filter Macros can be managed with a Sectio
219. orrectly If you work with people around the world it s very helpful to set your computer s time and time zone right You should set your computers time and time zone in the correct sequence 1 Set your time zone to your current location 2 Set your computer s clock to the local time This way you will tell your computer both the local time and also the time offset to UTC 2 Tip If you travel around the world it s an often made mistake to adjust the hours of your com puter clock to the local time Don t adjust the hours but your time zone setting instead For your computer the time is essentially the same as before you are simply in a different time zone with a different local time Tip You can use the Network Time Protocol NTP to automatically adjust your computer to the correct time by synchronizing it to Internet NTP clock servers NTP clients are avail able for all operating systems that Wireshark supports and for a lot more for examples see http www ntp org Wireshark and Time Zones So what s the relationship between Wireshark and time zones anyway Wireshark s native capture file format libpcap format and some other capture file formats such as the Windows Sniffer EtherPeek AiroPeek and Sun snoop formats save the arrival time of packets as UTC values UN X systems and Windows NT based systems Windows NT 4 0 2000 XP Server 2003 Vista Server 2008 represent time internally as UTC When Wi
220. ou open a capture file it may look slightly different maybe simply because you can t connect to a name server which you could connect before e DNS may add additional packets to your capture file You may see packets to from your machine in your capture file which are caused by name resolution network services of the machine Wire shark captures from XXX are there any other such packets than DNS ones e Resolved DNS names are cached by Wireshark This is required for acceptable performance However if the name resolution information should change while Wireshark is running Wireshark won t notice a change to the name resolution information once it gets cached If this information changes while Wireshark is running e g a new DHCP lease takes effect Wireshark won t notice it XXX is this true for all or only for DNS info 3 Tip The name resolution in the packet list is done while the list is filled If a name could be re solved after a packet was added to the list that former entry won t be changed As the name resolution results are cached you can use View Reload to rebuild the packet list this time with the correctly resolved names However this isn t possible while a capture is in progress Ethernet name resolution MAC layer Try to resolve an Ethernet MAC address e g 00 09 5b 01 02 03 to something more human readable ARP name resolution system service Wireshark will ask the operating system to convert an Et
221. ou can directly jump to the cor responding response packet just by double clicking on this message C 2 2 Request in frame 123 Same as Response in frame 123 above but the other way round C 2 3 Time from request 0 123 seconds The time between the request and the response packets C 2 4 Stream setup by PROTOCOL frame 123 The session control protocol SDP H225 etc message which signaled the creation of this session You can directly jump to the corresponding packet just by double clicking on this message 267 Wireshark Messages 268 Appendix D Related command line tools D 1 Introduction Besides the Wireshark GUI application there are some command line tools which can be helpful for do ing some more specialized things These tools will be described in this chapter 269 Related command line tools D 2 tshark Terminal based Wireshark TShark is a terminal oriented version of Wireshark designed for capturing and displaying packets when an interactive user interface isn t necessary or available It supports the same options as wireshark For more information on tshark see the manual pages man tshark 270 Related command line tools D 3 tcpdump Capturing with tcpdump for viewing with Wireshark There are occasions when you want to capture packets using tcpdump rather than wireshark especially when you want to do a remote capture and do not want the network load asso
222. ove to the next packet or detail item Up Move to the previous packet or detail item Ctrl Down F8 Move to the next packet even if the packet list isn t focused Ctrl Up F7 Move to the previous packet even if the packet list isn t focused Left In the packet detail closes the selected tree item If it s already closed jumps to the parent node Right In the packet detail opens the selected tree item Shift Right In the packet detail opens the selected tree item and all of its subtrees Ctrl Right In the packet detail opens all tree items Ctrl Left In the packet detail closes all tree items Backspace In the packet detail jumps to the parent node Return Enter In the packet detail toggles the selected tree item Additionally typing anywhere in the main window will start filling in a display filter 31 User Interface 3 4 The Menu The Wireshark menu sits on top of the Wireshark window An example is shown in Figure 3 2 The Menu Note Menu items will be greyed out if the corresponding feature isn t available For example you cannot save a capture file if you didn t capture or load any data before Figure 3 2 The Menu File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Tools Help It contains the following items File Edit View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Tools Help This menu contains items to open and merge capture files save print
223. ow described above was available each of its pages was shown as a separate window Even though the combined window is much more convenient to use these separate windows are still available The main reason is that they might process faster for very large capture files However as the functionality is exactly the same as in the combined window they won t be discussed in detail here 166 Statistics 8 5 Endpoints 8 5 1 8 5 2 Statistics of the endpoints captured Tip If you are looking for a feature other network tools call a hostlist here is the right place to look The list of Ethernet or IP endpoints is usually what you re looking for What is an Endpoint A network endpoint is the logical endpoint of separate protocol traffic of a specific protocol layer The endpoint statistics of Wireshark will take the following endpoints into account e Ethernet an Ethernet endpoint is identical to the Ethernet s MAC address e Fibre Channel XXX insert info here e FDDI a FDDI endpoint is identical to the FDDI MAC address e IPv4 an IP endpoint is identical to its IP address e IPX XXX insert info here e TCP a TCP endpoint is a combination of the IP address and the TCP port used so different TCP ports on the same IP address are different TCP endpoints e Token Ring a Token Ring endpoint is identical to the Token Ring MAC address e UDP a UDP endpoint is a combination of the IP address and the UDP port use
224. p 2005 08 test1_00004_20050819181506 pcap test1_00005_20050819181507 pcap test1_00006_20050819181507 pcap test1_00007_20050819181508 pcap test1_00008_20050819181509 pcap test1_00009_20050819181510 pcap test1_00010_20050819181512 pcap test1_00011_20050819181513 pcap test1_00012_20050819181514 pcap test1_00013_20050819181516 pcap test1_00014_20050819181517 pcap test1_00015_20050819181518 pcap test1_00016_20050819181518 peap 2005 05 1 test1_00017_20050819181518 peap 2005 09 Each line contains information about a file of the file set in directory D Fileset e Filename the name of the file If you click on the filename or the radio button left to it the current file will be closed and the corresponding capture file will be opened e Created the creation time of the file e Last Modified the last time the file was modified e Size the size of the file The last line will contain info about the currently used directory where all of the files in the file set can be found The content of this dialog box is updated each time a capture file is opened closed The Close button will well close the dialog box 99 File Input Output and Printing 5 6 Exporting data Wireshark provides several ways and formats to export packet data This section describes general ways to export data from Wireshark Note There are more specialized functions to export specific data
225. p the running capture A running capture session will be stopped in one of the following ways 83 Capturing Live Network Data 1 Using the e Stop button from the Capture Info dialog box Note The Capture Info dialog box might be hidden if the option Hide capture info dialog is used 2 Using the menu item oa Stop 3 Using the toolbar item Cl Stop 4 Pressing the accelerator keys Ctrl E 5 The capture will be automatically stopped if one of the Stop Conditions is exceeded e g the max imum amount of data was captured 4 10 2 Restart a running capture A running capture session can be restarted with the same capture options as the last time this will re move all packets previously captured This can be useful if some uninteresting packets are captured and there s no need to keep them Restart is a convenience function and equivalent to a capture stop following by an immediate capture start A restart can be triggered in one of the following ways 1 Using the menu item Capture F ig Restart 2 Using the toolbar item 84 Capturing Live Network Data 85 Chapter 5 File Input Output and Printing 5 1 Introduction This chapter will describe input and output of capture data Open Import capture files in various capture file formats Save Export capture files in various capture file formats Merge capture files together Print packets 86 File Input O
226. packets in the capture Collapse All View Wireshark keeps a list of all the protocol subtrees that are ex panded and uses it to ensure that the correct subtrees are ex panded when you display a packet This menu item collapses the tree view of all packets in the capture list Copy _ Descrip Edit tion Copy the displayed text of the selected field to the system clip board Copy Fieldname Edit Copy the name of the selected field to the system clipboard Copy Value Edit Copy the value of the selected field to the system clipboard Copy As Filter Edit Prepare a display filter based on the currently selected item and copy it to the clipboard Copy Bytes Offset Hex Text Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard in hexdump like format similar to the Packet List Pane command but copies only the bytes relevant to the selected part of the tree the bytes selected in the Packet Bytes Pane Copy Bytes Offset Hex Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard in hexdump like format but without the text portion similar to the Packet List Pane command but copies only the bytes relevant to the selected part of the tree the bytes selected in the Packet Bytes Pane Copy Bytes Printable Text Copy the packet bytes to the clipboard as ASCII text excluding Only non printable characters similar to the Packet List Pane com mand but copies only the bytes relevant to the selected part of the tree the bytes selected in the Pack
227. packets onto the end of the list but does not scroll the packet list pane This option is greyed out if Update list of pack ets in real time is disabled If this option is checked the capture info dialog described in Sec tion 4 10 While a Capture is running will be hidden Name Resolution frame Enable MAC name resolution Enable network name resolution Enable transport name resolu tion Buttons This option allows you to control whether or not Wireshark trans lates MAC addresses into names see Section 7 7 Name Resolu tion This option allows you to control whether or not Wireshark trans lates network addresses into names see Section 7 7 Name Res olution This option allows you to control whether or not Wireshark trans lates transport addresses into protocols see Section 7 7 Name Resolution Once you have set the values you desire and have selected the options you need simply click on Start to commence the capture or Cancel to cancel the capture If you start a capture Wireshark allows you to stop capturing when you have enough packets captured for details see Section 4 10 While a Capture is running 75 Capturing Live Network Data 4 6 The Interface Details dialog box When you select Details from the Capture Interface menu Wireshark pops up the Interface Details dialog box as shown in Figure 4 4 The Interface Details dialog box This
228. page which can be hard to understand so it s explained here to some extent Tip You will find a lot of Capture Filter examples at http wiki wireshark org CaptureFilters You enter the capture filter into the Filter field of the Wireshark Capture Options dialog box as shown in Figure 4 3 The Capture Options dialog box The following is an outline of the syntax of the tep dump capture filter language See the expression option at the tcpdump manual page for details http www tcpdump org tcpdump_man html A capture filter takes the form of a series of primitive expressions connected by conjunctions and or and optionally preceded by not not primitive and or not primitive An example is shown in Example 4 1 A capture filter for telnet that captures traffic to and from a par ticular host Example 4 1 A capture filter for telnet that captures traffic to and from a particular host tcp port 23 and host 10 0 0 5 This example captures telnet traffic to and from the host 10 0 0 5 and shows how to use two primitives and the and conjunction Another example is shown in Example 4 2 Capturing all telnet traffic not from 10 0 0 5 and shows how to capture all telnet traffic except that from 10 0 0 5 Example 4 2 Capturing all telnet traffic not from 10 0 0 5 tcp port 23 and not src host 10 0 0 5 XXX add examples to the following list A primitive is simply one of the following src
229. pane e Packet details enable the output of the packet details tree e All collapsed the info from the Packet Details pane in all collapsed state e As displayed the info from the Packet Details pane in the current state e All expanded the info from the Packet Details pane in all expanded state e Packet bytes enable the output of the packet bytes just as in the Packet Bytes pane e Each packet on a new page put each packet on a separate page e g when saving printing to a text file this will put a form feed character between the packets 111 File Input Output and Printing 112 Chapter 6 Working with captured packets 6 1 Viewing packets you have captured Once you have captured some packets or you have opened a previously saved capture file you can view the packets that are displayed in the packet list pane by simply clicking on a packet in the packet list pane which will bring up the selected packet in the tree view and byte view panes You can then expand any part of the tree view by clicking on the plus sign the symbol itself may vary to the left of that part of the payload and you can select individual fields by clicking on them in the tree view pane An example with a TCP packet selected is shown in Figure 6 1 Wireshark with a TCP packet selected for viewing It also has the Acknowledgment number in the TCP header selected which shows up in the byte view as the selected bytes Fi
230. pecify the format in which to write the capture file it can write the file in libpcap format standard libpcap format a modified format used by some patched versions of libpcap the format used by Red Hat Linux 6 1 or the format used by SuSE Linux 6 3 snoop format uncompressed Sniffer format Microsoft Network Monitor 1 x format and the format used by Windows based versions of the Sniffer software Packets from the input files are merged in chronological order based on each frame s timestamp unless the a flag is specified Mergecap assumes that frames within a single capture file are already stored in chronological order When the a flag is specified packets are copied directly from each input file to the output file independent of each frame s timestamp If the s flag is used to specify a snapshot length frames in the input file with more captured data than the specified snapshot length will have only the amount of data specified by the snapshot length written to the output file This may be useful if the program that is to read the output file cannot handle packets larger than a certain size for example the versions of snoop in Solaris 2 5 1 and Solaris 2 6 appear to reject Ethernet frames larger than the standard Ethernet MTU making them incapable of handling gig abit Ethernet captures if jumbo frames were used If the T flag is used to specify an encapsulation type the encapsulation type of the output capture file will be forced
231. ptional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 10 4 6 6 18 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 19 ProtoField stringz abbr name desc 10 4 6 6 19 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 10 4 6 6 19 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 20 ProtoField bytes abbr name desc 10 4 6 6 20 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 10 4 6 6 20 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 241 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 6 6 21 ProtoField ubytes abbr name desc 10 4 6 6 21 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree desc optional Description of the field 10 4 6 6 21 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 22 ProtoField guid abbr name desc 10 4 6 6 22 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters name optional Actual name of the field the string that appe
232. r That way you don t have to wait until someone answers your question 1 6 5 Reporting Problems J Note Before reporting any problems please make sure you have installed the latest version of Wireshark When reporting problems with Wireshark it is helpful if you supply the following information 1 The version number of Wireshark and the dependent libraries linked with it e g GTK etc You can obtain this with the command wireshark v 2 Information about the platform you run Wireshark on 3 A detailed description of your problem 4 Ifyou get an error warning message copy the text of that message and also a few lines before and after it if there are some so others may find the place where things go wrong Please don t give something like I get a warning while doing x as this won t give a good idea where to look at 2 O 1 6 6 Don t send large files Do not send large files gt 100KB to the mailing lists just place a note that further data is available on request Large files will only annoy a lot of people on the list who are not in terested in your specific problem If required you will be asked for further data by the per sons who really can help you Don t send confidential information If you send captured data to the mailing lists be sure they don t contain any sensitive or confidential information like passwords or such Reporting Crashes on UNIX Linux platforms When reporting crashes
233. r port number resolution This overrides n if both N and n are present The letter C en ables concurrent asynchronous DNS lookups Sets a preference or recent value overriding the default value and any value read from a preference recent file The argument to the flag is a string of the form prefname value where prefname is the name of the preference which is the same name that would ap pear in the preference recent file and value is the value to which it should be set Multiple instances of o lt preference settings gt can be given on a single command line An example of setting a single preference would be wireshark o mgcp display_dissect_tree TRUE An example of setting multiple preferences would be wireshark 0 mgcp display_dissect_tree TRUE 0 mgcp udp callagent_port 2627 b Tip You can get a list of all available preference strings from the preferences file see Appendix A Files and Folders User access tables can be overridden using uat followed by the UAT file name and a valid record for the file wireshark 0 uat user_dlts User 0 DLT 147 N http Ry f O E N N O N ee The example above would dissect packets with a libpcap data link type 147 as HTTP just as if you had configured it in the DLT_USER protocol preferences Don t put the interface into promiscuous mode Note that the in terface might be in promiscuous mode for some other reason hence p cannot be used to
234. ram If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that 287 This Document s License GPL system it is up to the author donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License 8 If the distribution and or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded In such case this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this Licens
235. re are errors that cannot be recovered the receiving side throws away the packet Depending on the network protocol this data loss is simply ignored or the sending side needs to detect this loss somehow and retransmits the required packet s Using a checksum drastically reduces the number of undetected transmission errors However the usual checksum algorithms cannot guarantee an error detection of 100 so a very small number of transmission errors may remain undetected There are several different kinds of checksum algorithms an example of an often used checksum algorithm is CRC32 The checksum algorithm actually chosen for a specific network protocol will depend on the expected error rate of the network medium the importance of error detection the processor load to perform the calculation the performance needed and many other things Further information about checksums can be found at http en wikipedia org wiki Checksum 7 8 1 Wireshark checksum validation Wireshark will validate the checksums of several protocols e g IP TCP UDP It will do the same calculation as a normal receiver would do and shows the checksum fields in the packet details with a comment e g correct invalid must be 0x12345678 or alike Checksum validation can be switched off for various protocols in the Wireshark protocol preferences e g to very slightly increase performance If the checksum validation is enabled and it detected an
236. re destroyed as soon as the listener dissector returns so refer ences to them are unusable once the function has returned To create a tvbrange the tvb must be called with offset and length as optional arguments the offset defaults to 0 and the length to tvb lenQ 10 4 8 3 1 Tvb new_real bytearray name Creates a new Tvb from a bytearray it gets added to the current frame too 10 4 8 3 1 1 Arguments bytearray The data source for this Tvb name The name to be given to the new data source 10 4 8 3 1 2 Returns The created Tvb 10 4 8 3 2 Tvb tvb range Creates a sub Tvb from using a TvbRange 10 4 8 3 2 1 Arguments range The TvbRange from which to create the new Tvb 10 4 8 3 3 tvb __ tostring Convert the bytes of a Tvb into a string to be used for debugging purposes as will be appended in case the string is too long 10 4 8 3 3 1 Returns The string 10 4 8 3 4 tvb len Obtain the length of a TVB 247 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 8 3 4 1 Returns The length of the Tvb 10 4 8 3 5 tvb offset Returns the raw offset from the beginning of the source Tvb of a sub Tvb 10 4 8 3 5 1 Returns The raw offset of the Tvb 10 4 8 3 6 tvb _ call Equivalent to tvb range 10 4 8 4 TvbRange A TvbRange represents an usable range of a Tvb and is used to extract data from the Tvb that generated it TvbRanges are created by calling a tvb e g tvb offset length If the TvbRange span i
237. rectory you should change to will depend on the version of libpcap you have down loaded In all cases tar xvf will show you the name of the directory that has been un packed Under Red Hat 6 x and beyond and distributions based on it like Mandrake you can simply install each of the packages you need from RPMs Most Linux systems will install GTK and GLib in any case however you will probably need to install the devel versions of each of these packages The com mands shown in Example 2 3 Installing required RPMs under Red Hat Linux 6 2 and beyond will install all the needed RPMs if they are not already installed Example 2 3 Installing required RPMs under Red Hat Linux 6 2 and beyond cd mnt cdrom RedHat RPMS rpm ivh glib 1 2 6 3 1386 rpm rpm ivh glib devel 1 2 6 3 1386 rpm rpm lt ivh gotk 1 2 6 7 i1386 rpm rpm ivh gtk devel 1 2 6 7 1386 rpm rpm ivh libpcap 0 4 19 1386 rpm Note If you are using a version of Red Hat later than 6 2 the required RPMs have most likely changed Simply use the correct RPMs from your distribution Under Debian you can install Wireshark using aptitude aptitude will handle any dependency issues for you Example 2 4 Installing debs under Debian shows how to do this Example 2 4 Installing debs under Debian aptitude install wireshark dev 16 Building and Installing Wireshark 17 Building and Installing Wireshark 2 4 Building Wireshark from source
238. rerrsrrerreresrrreesreerere 127 6 6 Defining and saving Titers ss0 sss 08 seeren dreems io sa pi eas saes E ERE p SEE esia 129 6 7 Defining and saving filter MaCTOS s esseseesseeserererretesrrerreresrrrrerrerrsrrerrereseeee 132 6 8 Finding packets ss eor iri aa a aE E EEE EEE EE sek AEE ETAG 133 6 8 1 The Find Packet dialog box sssesseseesesseerrsrrsrrrrerrsrererererrrresrrerrsre 133 6 8 2 The Find Next command siatie m n a Ee E ee cence ence E ES 134 6 8 3 The Find Previous command cceeeeeeeeceeece eee eeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaees 134 6 9 Go toa specific packet susini sees od cain A eee sedate eles 135 6 9 1 The Go Back Command assegna E sp sean seen wtessonseedish A shes 135 6 9 2 The Go Forward command 0 ee cece eee cence eee eceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaees 135 6 9 3 The Go to Packet dialog DOX eee eeec eee ce eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaees 135 6 9 4 The Go to Corresponding Packet command cece cece eee eeee ee eeen es 135 6 9 5 The Go to First Packet command cece eee cece ence ence eeeeeeeeeeen ees 135 6 9 6 The Go to Last Packet command cee eeecceeceeeceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeaeeenes 135 6 10 Marking packets sssaaa sa peeks deteettbast bor basieaetes REEE ATT 136 6 11 Time display formats and time references 0c cece ce cece cence eee eceneeeeeeeeees 137 6 11 1 Packet time Teferencing isc cssacses rei oneer ionnta iiep eesis E RI o yi
239. reshark is capturing no conversion is ne cessary However if the system time zone is not set correctly the system s UTC time might not be cor rectly set even if the system clock appears to display correct local time Windows 9x based systems Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows Me represent time internally as local time When capturing WinPcap has to convert the time to UTC before supplying it to Wireshark If the system s time zone is not set correctly that conversion will not be done correctly Other capture file formats such as the Microsoft Network Monitor DOS based Sniffer and Network In struments Observer formats save the arrival time of packets as local time values Internally to Wireshark time stamps are represented in UTC this means that when reading capture files that save the arrival time of packets as local time values Wireshark must convert those local time values to UTC values Wireshark in turn will display the time stamps always in local time The displaying computer will con vert them from UTC to local time and displays this local time For capture files saving the arrival time of packets as UTC values this means that the arrival time will be displayed as the local time in your 150 Advanced Topics time zone which might not be the same as the arrival time in the time zone in which the packet was cap tured For capture files saving the arrival time of packets as local time values the conversion to UTC wi
240. residing in the current directory This may need tweaking if you place these files somewhere else 2 If it complains about being unable to find some modules e g tempfile py you may want to check if PYTHONPATH is set correctly On my Linux box it is PY THONPATH usr lib python2 4 283 Related command line tools 284 Appendix E This Document s License GPL As with the original licence and documentation distributed with Wireshark this document is covered by the GNU General Public Licence GNU GPL If you haven t read the GPL before please do so It explains all the things that you are allowed to do with this code and documentation GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2 June 1991 Copyright C 1989 1991 Free Software Foundation Inc 59 Temple Place Suite 330 Boston MA 02111 1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it By contrast the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software to make sure the software is free for all its users This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation s software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public Licen
241. return one file nil when done 10 4 9 1 3 dir close Closes the directory 250 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 9 2 Non Method Functions 10 4 9 2 1 format_date timestamp Formats an absolute timestamp into a human readable date 10 4 9 2 1 1 Arguments timestamp A timestamp value to convert 10 4 9 2 1 2 Returns A string with the formated date 10 4 9 2 2 format_time timestamp Formats a relative timestamp in a human readable form 10 4 9 2 2 1 Arguments timestamp A timestamp value to convert 10 4 9 2 2 2 Returns A string with the formated time 10 4 9 2 3 report_failure text Reports a failure to the user 10 4 9 2 3 1 Arguments text Message 10 4 9 2 4 critical Will add a log entry with critical severity 10 4 9 2 4 1 Arguments objects to be printed 10 4 9 2 5 warn Will add a log entry with warn severity 10 4 9 2 5 1 Arguments objects to be printed 251 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 9 2 6 message Will add a log entry with message severity 10 4 9 2 6 1 Arguments objects to be printed 10 4 9 2 7 info Will add a log entry with info severity 10 4 9 2 7 1 Arguments objects to be printed 10 4 9 2 8 debug Will add a log entry with debug severity 10 4 9 2 8 1 Arguments objects to be printed 10 4 9 2 9 loadfile filename Lua s loadfile Q has been modified so that if a file does not exist in the current directory it will look for
242. rk 2 6 Troubleshooting during the install on Unix A number of errors can occur during the installation process Some hints on solving these are provided here If the configure stage fails you will need to find out why You can check the file config log in the source directory to find out what failed The last few lines of this file should help in determining the problem The standard problems are that you do not have GTK on your system or you do not have a recent enough version of GTK The configure will also fail if you do not have libpcap at least the required include files on your system Another common problem is for the final compile and link stage to terminate with a complaint of Out put too long This is likely to be caused by an antiquated sed such as the one shipped with Solaris Since sed is used by the libtool script to construct the final link command this leads to mysterious prob lems This can be resolved by downloading a recent version of sed from http directory fsf org GNU sed html If you cannot determine what the problems are send mail to the wireshark dev mailing list explaining your problem and including the output from config log and anything else you think is relevant like a trace of the make stage 21 Building and Installing Wireshark 2 Building from source under Windows It is recommended to use the binary installer for Windows until you want to start developing Wireshark on the
243. rns The flaoting point value 10 4 8 4 8 tvbrange ipv4 Get an IPv4 Address from a TvbRange 10 4 8 4 8 1 Returns The IPv4 Address 10 4 8 4 9 tvbrange le_ipv4 Get an Little Endian IPv4 Address from a TvbRange 10 4 8 4 9 1 Returns The IPv4 Address 10 4 8 4 10 tvbrange ether Get an Ethernet Address from a TvbRange 10 4 8 4 10 1 Returns The Ethernet Address 10 4 8 4 10 2 Errors e The range must be 6 bytes long 10 4 8 4 11 tvbrange string Obtain a string from a TvbRange 10 4 8 4 11 1 Returns 249 Lua Support in Wireshark The string 10 4 8 4 12 tvbrange bytes Obtain a ByteArray 10 4 8 4 12 1 Returns The ByteArray 10 4 8 4 13 tvbrange len Obtain the length of a TvbRange 10 4 8 4 14 tvbrange offset Obtain the offset in a TvbRange 10 4 8 4 15 tvbrange __ tostring Converts the TvbRange into a string As the string gets truncated you should use this only for debugging purposes or if what you want is to have a truncated string in the format 67 89 AB 10 4 8 5 Ulnt Int64 represents a 64 bit integer 10 4 9 Utility Functions 10 4 9 1 Dir A Directory 10 4 9 1 1 Dir open pathname extension Usage for filename in Dir open path do end 10 4 9 1 1 1 Arguments pathname The pathname of the directory extension optional If given only file with this extension will be returned 10 4 9 1 1 2 Returns the Dir object 10 4 9 1 2 dir __call At every invocation will
244. s cfilters Capture filters HOME wireshar WIRESHARK cfilters k cfilters APPDATA Wireshark cfilters dfilters Display filters HOME wireshar WIRESHARK dfilters k dfilters APPDATA Wireshark dfilters colorfilters Coloring rules HOME wireshar WIRESHARK colorfilters k colorfilters APPDATA Wireshark colorfilters dis Disabled _ proto HOME wireshar WIRESHARK disabled_protos abled_protos cols k disabled_protos APPDATA Wireshark disabled_protos ethers Ethernet name res etc ethers WIRESHARK ethers olution HOME wireshar APPDATA Wireshark ethers k ethers manuf Ethernet name res etc manuf WIRESHARK manuf olution HOME wireshar APPDATA Wireshark manuf k manuf hosts IPv4 and _ IJPv6 etc hosts WIRESHARK hosts name resolution HOME wireshar APPDATA Wireshark hosts k hosts services Network services etc services JWIRESHARK services HOME wireshar APPDATA Wireshark services k services subnets IPv4 subnet name etc subnets WIRESHARK subnets resolution HOME wireshar APPDATA Wireshark subnets k subnets ipxnets IPX name resolu etc ipxnets WITRESHARK Z ipxnets 257 Files and Folders File Folder Description Unix Linux Windows folders folders tion HOME wireshar APPDATA Wireshark ipxnets k ipxnets plugins Plugin directories W IRESHARK plugins lt version gt ust APPDATA Wireshark plugin
245. s share wire shark plugins usr loc al share wire shark plugins HOME wireshar k plugins temp J EZ Temporary files Environment Environment TMPDIR or TEMP TMPDIR Windows folders APPDATA points to the personal configuration folder e g C Documents and Settings lt username gt Application Data details can be found at Sec tion A 3 1 Windows profiles WIRESHARK points to the Wireshark program folder e g C Program Files Wireshark Unix Linux folders The etc folder is the global Wireshark configuration folder The folder actually used on your system may vary maybe something like usr local etc HOME is usually something like home lt username gt preferences wireshark conf This file contains your Wireshark preferences including defaults recent for capturing and displaying packets It is a simple text file con taining statements of the form variable value The settings from this file are read in at program start and written to disk when you press the Save button in the Preferences dia log box This file contains various GUI related settings like the main win dow position and size the recent files list and such It is a simple text file containing statements of the form variable value It is read at program start and written at program exit 258 Files and Folders cfilters This file contains all the capture filters that you have defi
246. s currently won t show any expert infos at all The following will first describe the components of a single expert info then the User Interface 7 3 1 Expert Info Entries Each expert info will contain the following things which will be described in detail below Table 7 1 Some example expert infos Packet Severity Group Protocol Summary 1 Note Sequence TCP Duplicate ACK 1 2 Chat Sequence TCP Connection reset RST 8 Note Sequence TCP Keep Alive 9 Warn Sequence TCP Fast retrans mission suspected 7 3 1 1 Severity Every expert info has a specific severity level The following severity levels are used in parentheses are the colors in which the items will be marked in the GUI e Chat grey information about usual workflow e g a TCP packet with the SYN flag set e Note cyan notable things e g an application returned an usual error code like HTTP 404 e Warn yellow warning e g application returned an unusual error code like a connection prob lem 143 Advanced Topics Error red serious problem e g Malformed Packet 7 3 1 2 Group There are some common groups of expert infos The following are currently implemented e Checksum a checksum was invalid e Sequence protocol sequence suspicious e g sequence wasn t continuous or a retransmission was detected or e Response Code problem with application response code e g HTTP 404 page not found e
247. s in turn The first thing to notice is that issuing the command wireshark by itself will bring up Wireshark However you can include as many of the command line parameters as you like Their meanings are as follows in alphabetical order XXX is the alphabetical order a good choice Maybe better task based a lt capture autostop condition gt Specify a criterion that specifies when Wireshark is to stop writ ing to a capture file The criterion is of the form test value where test is one of duration value Stop writing to a capture file after value of seconds have elapsed filesize value Stop writing to a capture file after it reaches a size of value kilobytes where a kilobyte is 1000 bytes not 1024 bytes If this option is used together with the b op tion Wireshark will stop writing to the current capture file and switch to the next one if filesize is reached files value Stop writing to capture files after value number of files were written b lt capture ring buffer option gt If a maximum capture file size was specified this option causes Wireshark to run in ring buffer mode with the specified number of files In ring buffer mode Wireshark will write to several capture files Their name is based on the number of the file and on the creation date and time When the first capture file fills up Wireshark will switch to writ ing to the next file until it fills up the last file at which point it ll discard t
248. s outside the Tvb s range the creation will cause a runtime error 10 4 8 4 1 tvb range offset length Creates a tvbr from this Tvb This is used also as the Tvb __call metamethod 10 4 8 4 1 1 Arguments offset optional The offset in octets from the begining of the Tvb Defaults to 0 length optional The length in octets of the range Defaults to until the end of the Tvb 10 4 8 4 1 2 Returns The TvbRange 10 4 8 4 2 tvbrange uint Get a Big Endian network order unsigned integer from a TvbRange The range must be 1 2 3 or 4 oct ets long 10 4 8 4 2 1 Returns The unsigned integer value 10 4 8 4 3 tvbrange le_uint Get a Little Endian unsigned integer from a TvbRange The range must be 1 2 3 or 4 octets long 10 4 8 4 3 1 Returns The unsigned integer value 10 4 8 4 4 tvbrange uint64 Get a Big Endian network order unsigned 64 bit integer from a TvbRange The range must be 1 8 oct 248 Lua Support in Wireshark ets long 10 4 8 4 5 tvbrange le_uint64 Get a Little Endian unsigned 64 bit integer from a TvbRange The range must be 1 8 octets long 10 4 8 4 6 tvbrange float Get a Big Endian network order floating point number from a TvbRange The range must be 4 or 8 octets long 10 4 8 4 6 1 Returns The flaoting point value 10 4 8 4 7 tvbrange le_float Get a Little Endian floating point number from a TvbRange The range must be 4 or 8 octets long 10 4 8 4 7 1 Retu
249. s the currently running live capture process Section 4 3 Start Capturing Restart Capture Restart This item stops the currently running live capture process and restarts it again for convenience 7 Open File Open a This item brings up the file open dialog box that al lows you to load a capture file for viewing It is dis cussed in more detail in Section 5 2 1 The Open Capture File dialog box Save As File Save As This item allows you to save the current capture file to whatever file you would like It pops up the Save Capture File As dialog box which is discussed fur ther in Section 5 3 1 The Save Capture File As dialog box Note If you currently have a temporary cap 56 User Interface Toolbar Toolbar Item Corresponding Description Icon Menu Item ture file the Save icon will be cal shown instead Close File Close This item closes the current capture If you have not saved the capture you will be asked to save it first F Reload View Reload p This item allows you to reload the current capture y P file E Print File Print fees This item allows you to print all or some of the s packets in the capture file It pops up the Wireshark Print dialog box which is discussed further in Sec tion 5 7 Printing packets Find Packet Edit Find Packet This item brings up a dialog box that allows you to fi
250. s the list of inter faces choosing the first non loopback interface if there are any non loopback interfaces and choosing the first loopback interface if there are no non loopback interfaces if there are no interfaces Wireshark reports an error and doesn t start the capture Pipe names should be either the name of a FIFO named pipe or to read data from the standard input Data read from pipes must be in standard libpcap format The k option specifies that Wireshark should start capturing packets immediately This option requires the use of the i para meter to specify the interface that packet capture will occur from This option turns on automatic scrolling if the packet list pane is being updated automatically as packets arrive during a capture as specified by the S flag List the data link types supported by the interface and exit 181 Customizing Wireshark m lt font gt n N lt name resolving flags gt 0 lt preference recent settings gt P P lt path setting gt This option sets the name of the font used for most text displayed by Wireshark XXX add an example Disable network object name resolution such as hostname TCP and UDP port names Turns on name resolving for particular types of addresses and port numbers the argument is a string that may contain the letters m to enable MAC address resolution n to enable network address res olution and t to enable transport laye
251. saved it this can be disabled by a preference setting 36 User Interface 3 6 The Edit menu The Wireshark Edit menu contains the fields shown in Table 3 3 Edit menu items Figure 3 4 The Edit Menu test cap Wireshark ia EEx File ania View Go Capture Analyze Statistics Help g Ie A CEEE S SE E SEEE D Eind Packet Ctrl F Filter Find Next Ctrl vY Expression Clear Apply Find Previous Ctrl B Destination Mark Packet toggle Ctrl M Find Next Mark Shift Ctrl N Find Previous Mark Shift Ctrl B Mark All Packets Unmark All Packets Set Time Reference toggle Ctrl T Find Next Reference Find Previous Reference X Preferences Shift Ctrl P Hardware type Protocol type Hardware size 0000 02 08 06 00 OL 0010 06 04 00 01 00 Ob 5d 20 cd 02 cO a8 00 02 0020 Q00 00 00 0Q 0Q 00 c ag 00 02 Protocol type arp proto type 2 bytes P 120 D 120 M 0 Table 3 3 Edit menu items Menu Item Accelerator Description Copy gt _ De Shift Ctrl D scription This menu item will copy the description of the selected item in the detail view to the clipboard Copy gt Field Shift Ctrl F name This menu item will copy the fieldname of the selected item in the detail view to the clipboard Copy gt Value Shift Ctrl V This menu item will copy the value of the selected item in the de tail view to the clipboard Copy gt As Fil Shift Ctrl C ter
252. scribed in Figure 6 7 The Capture Filters and Display Filters dialog boxes Filter input The area to enter or edit a display filter string see Section 6 4 Building display filter expressions A syntax check of your filter string is done while you are typing The background will turn red if you enter an in complete or invalid string and will become green when you enter a valid string You can click on the pull down arrow to select a previously entered filter string from a list The entries in the pull down list will re main available even after a program restart Note After you ve changed something in this field don t forget to press the Apply button or the Enter Return key to apply this filter string to the display Note This field is also where the current filter in effect is dis played Expression The middle button labeled Add Expression opens a dialog box that lets you edit a display filter from a list of protocol fields described in Section 6 5 The Filter Expression dialog box Clear Reset the current display filter and clears the edit area Apply Apply the current value in the edit area as the new display filter Note Applying a display filter on large capture files might take quite a long time 59 User Interface Toolbar Toolbar Item Description Icon 60 User Interface 3 16 The Packet List pane The packet
253. se instead You can apply it to your programs too When we speak of free software we are referring to freedom not price Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software and charge for this service if you wish that you receive source code or can get it if you want it that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs and that you know you can do these things To protect your rights we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software or if you modify it For example if you distribute copies of such a program whether gratis or for a fee you must give the recipients all the rights that you have You must make sure that they too receive or can get the source code And you must show them these terms so they know their rights We protect your rights with two steps 1 copyright the software and 2 offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy distribute and or modify the software Also for each author s protection and ours we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software If the software is modified by someone else and passed on we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original s
254. sessereseesersresrrrrsrreresrrerrrrrserrresrrreerrrerse 1 1 1 2 Fe tUre Si nepina eene nn a e e e E A e a a ESA 1 1 1 3 Live capture from many different network media cece cece eee eeee ee ee 2 1 1 4 Import files from many other capture programs ceeeseeeeeeeeeeeeereeeeer 2 1 1 5 Export files for many other capture programs ceeceeeeeeeeeeeee seen eeee es 2 1 1 6 Many protocol decoders 2 0 0 0 cece cece eiti i 3 1 157 Open Source SoftWare 5 s c2casepeenescseveeatosyeundss Senta she pp e E e E E E 3 1 1 8 What Wireshark is not icenic oe ce cece eee ece E a TEE a peee EEE 3 1 2 System Requirements sses n gs becdessr web E S texcuuuldas uyecetesosesk teed 4 1 2 1 Gene ral Remarks oios seh ess Seeder tee tes os Weal ohn acetic vended gala weed 4 1 2 2 Microsoft WINdOWS psor sadeses scenes esye arp vine EE E E vee ceent E 4 12 3 Um LINUR ooro erasan a coca E AE S EEEE E TEE SEIE ERSE oss 5 1 3 Where to get Wireshark bisesti i ienei sa beth asao T E p 6 1 4 A brief history of Wireshark cececceecece sec eeneceeeecneeeeaeeneeaeeecaeeneeaeeneeaeener 7 1 5 Development and maintenance of Wireshark 0 ccc cece cece eee ee eee ece ence eect eeeeee es 8 1 6 Reporting problems and getting help 20 0 0 cece cece eee ec ce eece een cen eeneeeneeeee es 9 16 1 WebSite sierpe nerone sha vated esteetag E e I E DatseasapsoaG yas EE EE ER be 9 1 62 Wi e a e e e a E e seeded EEE pE
255. sible and lacks some information that would be really helpful e g being able to add a comment to a packet such as the problems start here would be really nice In addition to the libpcap format Wireshark supports several different capture file formats However the problems described above also applies for these formats A new capture file format PCAP Next Generation Dump File Format is currently under development which will fix these drawbacks However it still might take a while until the new file format is ready and Wireshark can use it Libpcap File Contents At the start of each libpcap capture file some basic information is stored like a magic number to identify the libpcap file format The most interesting information of this file start is the link layer type Ethernet Token Ring The following data is saved for each packet e the timestamp with millisecond resolution e the packet length as it was on the wire e the packet length as it s saved in the file e the packet s raw bytes A detailed description of the libpcap file format can be found at http wiki wireshark org Development LibpcapFileFormat Not Saved in the Capture File Probably even more interesting for everyday Wireshark usage is to know the things that are not saved in the capture file e current selections selected packet e name resolution information see Section 7 7 Name Resolution for details A Warning The name resoluti
256. solutions 2523553205 enee aa dss yack adetigarbssabos e cacag bls ph tades denen s 154 7 7 1 Name Resolution drawbacks 2 0 0 0 cece ceee cee ce ee cence ence eeeeeeeeeeeeeeenees 154 7 7 2 Ethernet name resolution MAC layer ceceee cece eeeeereeenereeeereeanenes 154 7 7 3 IP name resolution network layer ceeeeeceeeeecceeceeeeeeereeeereeenenes 155 7 7 4 IPX name resolution network layer 0 cseceeeeeceeeeeereeeeereeeereeenenes 155 vi Wireshark User s Guide 7 7 5 TCP UDP port name resolution transport layer cece eee eeeeeeee ee ee 155 TS CHECKSUMS so sess den shace sent dagen usdereeeesdasatyedten steed assy due dances taeseeseeab ices eaa 156 7 8 1 Wireshark checksum validation cceceeee cece ence ence eeceeeceeeeeeeeneeenes 156 7 8 2 Checksum offloading irns a ie ee Sune EE e E YEE EERENS 157 8 StatistICS mine e ru r VEE EEE IEE A E EE E AEI E EE EEE ES 159 8 1 Introduction siie a e a E e Ep E E E EA E TSY 159 8 2 The Summary window ssesssesersseeserrrsrreresrrerrerererererrerrsrreersreerrreerrreesreee 160 8 3 The Protocol Hierarchy window essessesessserrsresereeerreresrrerrsrerrreesreersreee 163 8 4 Conversations sirni s R EE E ERE R E ES E E EE ES 165 8 4 1 What is Conversation s seriens i tenier nn ese aa bundles 165 8 4 2 The Conversations Window sssessseeseseessieressreresrrerrereserererrerrsreee 165 8 4 3 The proto
257. source This is covered in more detail below Once you have downloaded the relevant files you can go on to the next step Note While you will find a number of binary packages available on the Wireshark web site you might not find one for your platform and they often tend to be several versions behind the current released version as they are contributed by people who have the platforms they are built for For this reason you might want to pull down the source distribution and build it as the process is relatively simple 14 Building and Installing Wireshark 2 3 Before you build Wireshark under UNIX Before you build Wireshark from sources or install a binary package you must ensure that you have the following other packages installed e GTK The GIMP Tool Kit You will also need Glib Both can be obtained from www gtk org e libpcap the packet capture software that Wireshark uses You can obtain libpcap from www tcpdump org Depending on your system you may be able to install these from binaries e g RPMs or you may need to obtain them in source code form and build them If you have downloaded the source for GTK the instructions shown in Example 2 1 Building GTK from source may provide some help in building it Example 2 1 Building GTK from source gzip de gtk 1 2 10 tar gz tar xvf lt much output removed gt ed gtk 1 2 10 configure lt much output removed gt make lt
258. ssect pinfo The packet info tree The tree on which to add the protocol items 10 4 6 2 DissectorTable A table of subdissectors of a particular protocol e g TCP subdissectors like http smtp sip are added to table tcp port Useful to add more dissectors to a table so that they appear in the Decode As dialog 10 4 6 2 1 DissectorTable new tablename uiname type base Creates a new DissectorTable for your dissector s use 10 4 6 2 1 1 Arguments tablename The short name of the table uiname optional The name of the table in the User Interface defaults to the name given type optional Either FT_UINT or FT_STRING defaults to FT_UINT32 230 Lua Support in Wireshark base optional Either BASE_NONE BASE_DEC BASE_HEX BASE_OCT BASE_DEC_HEX or BASE_HEX_ DEC defaults to BASE_DEC 10 4 6 2 1 2 Returns The newly created DissectorTable 10 4 6 2 2 DissectorTable get tablename Obtain a reference to an existing dissector table 10 4 6 2 2 1 Arguments tablename The short name of the table 10 4 6 2 2 2 Returns The DissectorTable 10 4 6 2 3 dissectortable add pattern dissector Add a dissector to a table 10 4 6 2 3 1 Arguments pattern The pattern to match either an integer or a string depending on the table s type dissector The dissector to add either an Proto or a Dissector 10 4 6 2 4 dissectortable remove pattern dissector Remove a dissector from a table 10 4 6 2
259. st cause it when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice anda notice that there is no warranty or else saying that you provide a warranty and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions and telling the user how to view a copy of this License Exception if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement hese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole If dentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program nd can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in hemselves then this License and its terms do not apply to those ections when you distribute them as separate works But when you istribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based n the Program the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of his License whose permissions for other licensees extend to the ntire whole and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it toant HH Thus it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you rather the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program In addition mere aggregation of another work not based on the
260. still can get it from http prdown loads sourceforge net wireshark wireshark setup 0 99 4 exe BTW Microsoft no longer supports NT 4 0 since December 31 2005 Windows CE and the embedded NT XP versions are not supported 64 bit processors run Wireshark in 32 bit emulation called WoW64 at least WinPcap 4 0 is re quired for that Multi monitor setups are supported but may behave a bit strangely Unix Linux Wireshark currently runs on most UNIX platforms The system requirements should be comparable to the Windows values listed above Binary packages are available for at least the following platforms Apple Mac OS X Debian GNU Linux FreeBSD Gentoo Linux HP UX Mandriva Linux NetBSD OpenPKG Red Hat Fedora Enterprise Linux rPath Linux Sun Solaris i386 Sun Solaris Sparc If a binary package is not available for your platform you should download the source and try to build it Please report your experiences to wireshark dev AT wireshark org Introduction 1 3 Where to get Wireshark You can get the latest copy of the program from the Wireshark website ht tp www wireshark org download html The website allows you to choose from among several mirrors for downloading A new Wireshark version will typically become available every 4 8 months If you want to be notified about new Wireshark releases you should subscribe to the wireshark an nounce mailing list You will find more details in S
261. t 6 9 4 The Go to Corresponding Packet command If a protocol field is selected which points to another packet in the capture file this command will jump to that packet Note As these protocol fields now work like links just as in your Web browser it s easier to simply double click on the field to jump to the corresponding field 6 9 5 The Go to First Packet command This command will simply jump to the first packet displayed 6 9 6 The Go to Last Packet command This command will simply jump to the last packet displayed 135 Working with captured packets 6 10 Marking packets You can mark packets in the Packet List pane A marked packet will be shown with black background regardless of the coloring rules set Marking a packet can be useful to find it later while analyzing in a large capture file A Warning The packet marks are not stored in the capture file or anywhere else so all packet marks will be lost if you close the capture file You can use packet marking to control the output of packets when saving exporting printing To do so an option in the packet range is available see Section 5 8 The Packet Range frame There are three functions to manipulate the marked state of a packet e Mark packet toggle toggles the marked state of a single packet e Mark all packets set the mark state of all packets e Unmark all packets reset the mark state of all packets These mark function are
262. t root add p_multi buf 0 2 t add f_proto buf 0 1 t add f_dir buf 1 1 local proto_id buf 0 1 uint local dissector protos proto_id if dissector nil then dissector call buf 2 tvb pkt root elseif proto_id lt 2 then t add f_text buf 2 pkt cols info set buf 2 buf len 3 string else data_dis call buf 2 tvb pkt root end end local wtap_encap_table DissectorTable get wtap_encap local udp_encap_table DissectorTable get udp port wtap_encap_table add wtap USER15 p_multi wtap_encap_table add wtap USER12 p_multi udp_encap_table add 7555 p_multi end 213 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 3 Example of Listener written in Lua This program will register a menu that will open a window with a count of occurrences of every address in the capture do end local function menuable_tap end Declare the window we will use local tw TextWindow new Address Counter This will contain a hash of counters of appearances of a certain address local ips this is our tap local tap Listener new function remove this way we remove the listener than otherwise will remain running indifinit tap remove end we tell the window to call the remove function when closed tw set_atclose remove this function will be called once for each packet function tap packet pinfo tvb local src ips tostring pinfo src or 0 local dst ips
263. t Network most Media Oriented Systems Transport can20b Controller Area Network 2 0B layerl event EyeSDN Layer 1 event x2e serial X2E serial line capture 26 T26 wpan nonask phy IEEE 802 15 4 Wireless PAN non ASK PHY tnef Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format usb linux mmap USB packets with Linux header and padding gsm_um GSM Um Interface 276 Related command line tools D 7 mergecap Merging multiple capture files into one Mergecap is a program that combines multiple saved capture files into a single output file specified by the w argument Mergecap knows how to read libpcap capture files including those of tcpdump In ad dition Mergecap can read capture files from snoop including Shomiti and atmsnoop LanAlyzer Sniffer compressed or uncompressed Microsoft Network Monitor AIX s iptrace NetXray Sniffer Pro RADCOM s WAN LAN analyzer Lucent Ascend router debug output HP UX s nettl and the dump output from Toshiba s ISDN routers There is no need to tell Mergecap what type of file you are reading it will determine the file type by itself Mergecap is also capable of reading any of these file formats if they are compressed using gzip Mergecap recognizes this directly from the file the gz ex tension is not required for this purpose By default it writes the capture file in libpcap format and writes all of the packets in the input capture files to the output file The F flag can be used to s
264. t it can also be used to convert capture files from one format to another as well as to print information about capture files Example D 3 Help information available from editcap editcap h Editcap 1 1 4 Edit and or translate the format of capture files See http www wireshark org for more information Usage editcap options lt infile gt lt outfile gt lt packet gt lt packet gt lt infile gt and lt outfile gt must both be present A single packet or a range of packets can be selected Packet selection r keep the selected packets default is to delete them A lt start time gt don t output packets whose timestamp is before the given time format as YYYY MM DD hh mm ss B lt stop time gt don t output packets whose timestamp is after the given time format as YYYY MM DD hh mm ss Duplicate packet removal d remove packet if duplicate window 5 D lt dup window gt remove packet if duplicate configurable lt dup window gt Valid lt dup window gt values are 0 to 1000000 NOTE A lt dup window gt of 0 with v verbose option is useful to print MD5 hashes w lt dup time window gt remove packet if duplicate packet is found EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN lt dup time window gt prior to current packet A lt dup time window gt is specified in relative seconds e g 0 000001 NOTE The use of the Duplicate packet removal options with other editcap options except v may not always wor
265. te things on the network it will only measure things from it Wire shark doesn t send packets on the network or do other active things except for name resolutions but even that can be disabled Introduction 1 2 System Requirements 1 2 1 1 2 2 What you ll need to get Wireshark up and running General Remarks e The values below are the minimum requirements and only rules of thumb for use on a moderately used network e Working with a busy network can easily produce huge memory and disk space usage For example Capturing on a fully saturated 1OOMBit s Ethernet will produce 750MBytes min Having a fast processor lots of memory and disk space is a good idea in that case e If Wireshark is running out of memory it crashes see http wiki wireshark org KnownBugs OQutOfMemory for details and workarounds e Wireshark won t benefit much from Multiprocessor Hyperthread systems as time consuming tasks like filtering packets are single threaded No rule is without exception during an Update list of packets in real time capture capturing traffic runs in one process and dissecting and displaying packets runs in another process which should benefit from two processors Microsoft Windows e Windows 2000 XP Home XP Pro XP Tablet PC XP Media Center Server 2003 Vista or Win dows 2008 XP Pro recommended e 32 bit Pentium or alike recommended 400MHz or greater 64 bit processors in WoW64 emulation see
266. tener draw A function that will be called once every few seconds to redraw the gui objects in tshark this funtion is called oly at the very end of the capture file function tap draw userdata end 10 4 4 1 5 listener reset A function that will be called at the end of the capture run function tap reset userdata end 10 4 5 Obtaining packet information 10 4 5 1 Address Represents an address 10 4 5 1 1 Address ip hostname Creates an Address Object representing an IP address 10 4 5 1 1 1 Arguments hostname The address or name of the IP host 10 4 5 1 1 2 Returns The Address object 10 4 5 1 2 address tostring 10 4 5 1 2 1 Returns The string representing the address 10 4 5 1 3 address eq Compares two Addresses 10 4 5 1 4 address __ le Compares two Addresses 10 4 5 1 5 address ___It Compares two Addresses 10 4 5 2 Column 226 Lua Support in Wireshark A Column in the packet list 10 4 5 2 1 column __tostring 10 4 5 2 1 1 Returns A string representing the column 10 4 5 2 2 column clear Clears a Column 10 4 5 2 3 column set text Sets the text of a Column 10 4 5 2 3 1 Arguments text The text to which to set the Column 10 4 5 2 4 column append text Appends text to a Column 10 4 5 2 4 1 Arguments text The text to append to the Column 10 4 5 2 5 column preppend text Prepends text to a Column 10 4 5 2 5 1 Arguments text The text to prepend to
267. terminal server the remote content has to be transported over the network adding a lot of usually unimportant packets to the actually interesting traffic To avoid this Wireshark tries to figure out if it s remotely connected by looking at some specific envir onment variables and automatically creates a capture filter that matches aspects of the connection The following environment variables are analyzed SSH_CONNECTION ssh lt remote IP gt lt remote port gt lt local IP gt lt local port gt 81 Capturing Live Network Data SSH_CLIENT ssh REMOTEHOST tcsh others DISPLAY x11 SESSIONNAME terminal server lt remote IP gt lt remote port gt lt local port gt lt remote name gt remote name lt display num gt lt remote name gt 82 Capturing Live Network Data 4 10 While a Capture is running While a capture is running the following dialog box is shown Figure 4 5 The Capture Info dialog box Wireshark Capture from Broadco E If Captured Packets Total STP TCP UCF ICMP ARP OSPF GRE NetBIos IPs VINES Other Running This dialog box will inform you about the number of captured packets and the time since the capture was started The selection of which protocols are counted cannot be changed Tip This Capture Info dialog box can be hidden using the Hide capture info dialog option in the Capture Options dialog box 4 10 1 Sto
268. th Directional Info ieee 802 IEEE 802 11 Wireless LAN prism IEEE 802 11 plus Prism II monitor mode header ieee 802 11 radio IEEE 802 11 Wireless LAN with radio information ieee 802 11 radiotap IEEE 802 11 plus radiotap WLAN header ieee 802 11 avs IEEE 802 11 plus AVS WLAN header linux sll Linux cooked mode capture frelay Frame Relay frelay with direction Frame Relay with Directional Info chdle Cisco HDLC ios Cisco IOS internal ltalk Localtalk pflog old OpenBSD PF Firewall logs pre 3 4 hhdlc HiPath HDLC docsis Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification cosine CoSine L2 debug log whdlc Wellfleet HDLC sdlc SDLC tzsp Tazmen sniffer protocol enc OpenBSD enc 4 encapsulating interface pflog OpenBSD PF Firewall logs chdlc with direction Cisco HDLC with Directional Info bluetooth h4 Bluetooth H4 mtp2 SS7 MTP2 mtp3 SS7 MTP3 irda IrDA user0 USER userl USER user2 USER user3 USER user4 USER user5 USER user6 USER user7 USER user8 USER AANKNDUPWNHRO 275 Related command line tools user9 USER 9 userl0 USER 10 userii USER 1 userl2 USER 12 userl3 USER 13 userl4 USER 14 user15 USER 15 symantec Symantec Enterprise Firewall ap1394 Apple IP over IEEE 1394 bacnet ms tp BACnet MS TP raw icmp nettl Raw ICMP with nettl headers raw icmpv6 nettl Raw ICMPv6 with nettl headers gprs llc GPRS LLC
269. th payload protocol identifier ppi Example S 30 40 34 display this help and exit detailed debug of parser states generate no output at all automatically turns off d 280 Related command line tools D 9 idl2wrs Creating dissectors from CORBA IDL files D 9 1 D 9 2 D 9 3 In an ideal world idl2wrs would be mentioned in the users guide in passing and documented in the de velopers guide As the developers guide has not yet been completed it will be documented here What is it As you have probably guessed from the name idl2wrs takes a user specified IDL file and attempts to build a dissector that can decode the IDL traffic over GIOP The resulting file is C code that should compile okay as a Wireshark dissector idl2wrs basically parses the data struct given to it by the omniidl compiler and using the GIOP API available in packet giop ch generates get_CDR_xxx calls to decode the CORBA traffic on the wire It consists of 4 main files README idl2wrs This document wireshark_be py The main compiler backend wireshark_gen py A helper class that generates the C code idl2wrs A simple shell script wrapper that the end user should use to generate the dis sector from the IDL file s Why do this It is important to understand what CORBA traffic looks like over GIOP IIOP and to help build a tool that can assist in troubleshooting CORBA int
270. the Column 10 4 5 3 Columns The Columns of the packet list 10 4 5 3 1 columns __tostring 10 4 5 3 1 1 Returns The string Columns no real use just for debugging purposes 10 4 5 3 2 columns __ newindex column text Sets the text of a specific column 10 4 5 3 2 1 Arguments 227 Lua Support in Wireshark column The name of the column to set text The text for the column 10 4 5 4 Pinfo Packet information 10 4 5 4 1 pinfo number The number of this packet in the current file 10 4 5 4 2 pinfo len The length of the frame 10 4 5 4 3 pinfo caplen The captured length of the frame 10 4 5 4 4 pinfo abs_ts When the packet was captured 10 4 5 4 5 pinfo rel_ts Number of seconds passed since beginning of capture 10 4 5 4 6 pinfo delta_ts Number of seconds passed since the last captured packet 10 4 5 4 7 pinfo delta_dis ts Number of seconds passed since the last displayed packet 10 4 5 4 8 pinfo visited Whether this packet hass been already visited 10 4 5 4 9 pinfo src Source Address of this Packet 10 4 5 4 10 pinfo dst Destination Address of this Packet 10 4 5 4 11 pinfo lo lower Address of this Packet 10 4 5 4 12 pinfo hi higher Address of this Packet 228 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 5 4 13 pinfo dl_src Data Link Source Address of this Packet 10 4 5 4 14 pinfo dl_dst Data Link Destination Address of this Packet 10 4 5 4 15 pinfo net_src Network Layer Source
271. tion 7 3 Expert Infos e The left side shows information about the capture file its name its size and the elapsed time while it was being captured e The middle part shows the current number of packets in the capture file The following values are displayed e Packets the number of captured packets e Displayed the number of packets currently being displayed e Marked the number of marked packets e Dropped the number of dropped packets only displayed if Wireshark was unable to capture all packets e The right side shows the selected configuration profile Clicking in this part of the statusbar will bring up a menu with all available configuration profiles and selecting from this list will change the configuration profile Figure 3 19 The Statusbar with a configuration profile menu Def O Only IP and TCP O Wireless File home stig http pcap 1673 KB 00 00 32 Packets 2239 Displayed 367 Marked 0 Profile perau 64 User Interface For a detailed description of configuration profiles see Section 9 6 Configuration Profiles Figure 3 20 The Statusbar with a selected protocol field Opcode arp opcode 2 bytes Packets 2239 Displayed 2239 Marked 0 Profile Default This is displayed if you have selected a protocol field from the Packet Details pane Tip The value between the brackets in this example arp opcode can be used as a display fil ter string representing th
272. tion 9 15 SNMP users Table e User DLTs Table user_dlts Section 9 16 User DLTs protocol table e Some recent settings recent such as pane sizes in the Main window Section 3 3 The Main win dow column widths in the packet list Section 3 16 The Packet List pane all selections in the View menu Section 3 7 The View menu and the last directory navigated to in the File Open dialog Other configurations All other configurations are stored in the personal configuration folder and are common to all profiles Figure 9 10 The configuration profiles dialog box 197 Customizing Wireshark Wireshark Gontiguration Pronies Configuration Profiles Default Only IP and TCP Tactical analysis Properties rs New This button adds a new profile to the profiles list The name of the created profile is New profile and can be changed in the Properties field Delete This button deletes the selected profile including all configuration files used in this profile It is not possible to delete the Default pro file Configuration Profiles You can select a configuration profile from this list which will fill in the profile name in the fields down at the bottom of the dialog box Profile name You can change the name of the currently selected profile here Used as a folder name The profile name will be used as a folder name in the configured Personal configurati
273. tion net work If neither of these are present packets will be selected that have the specified network in either the source or destination ad dress In addition you can specify either the netmask or the CIDR prefix for the network if they are different from your own This primitive allows you to filter on TCP and UDP port num bers You can optionally precede this primitive with the keywords srcldst and tepludp which allow you to specify that you are only interested in source or destination ports and TCP or UDP packets respectively The keywords tepludp must appear before sreldst If these are not specified packets will be selected for both the TCP and UDP protocols and when the specified address appears in either the source or destination port field This primitive allows you to filter on packets whose length was less than or equal to the specified length or greater than or equal to the specified length respectively This primitive allows you to filter on the specified protocol at either the Ethernet layer or the IP layer This primitive allows you to filter on either Ethernet or IP broad casts or multicasts This primitive allows you to create complex filter expressions that select bytes or ranges of bytes in packets Please see the tcpdump man page at http www tcpdump org tcpdump _man html for more details Automatic Remote Traffic Filtering If Wireshark is running remotely using e g SSH an exported X11 window a
274. tional The text for the expert info 10 4 7 1 7 treeitem set_generated Marks the TreeItem as a generated field with data infered but not contained in the packet 10 4 7 1 8 treeitem set_hidden Should not be used 10 4 8 Functions for handling packet data 10 4 8 1 ByteArray 10 4 8 1 1 ByteArray new hexbytes Creates a ByteArray Object 10 4 8 1 1 1 Arguments hexbytes optional A string consisting of hexadecimal bytes like 00 B1 A2 or 1a2b3c4d 244 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 8 1 1 2 Returns The new ByteArray object 10 4 8 1 2 bytearray __concat first second Concatenate two ByteArrays 10 4 8 1 2 1 Arguments first First array second Second array 10 4 8 1 2 2 Returns The new composite ByteArray 10 4 8 1 2 3 Errors e Both arguments must be ByteArrays 10 4 8 1 3 bytearray prepend prepended Prepend a ByteArray to this ByteArray 10 4 8 1 3 1 Arguments prepended Array to be prepended 10 4 8 1 3 2 Errors e Both arguments must be ByteArrays 10 4 8 1 4 bytearray append appended Append a ByteArray to this ByteArray 10 4 8 1 4 1 Arguments appended Array to be appended 10 4 8 1 4 2 Errors e Both arguments must be ByteArrays 10 4 8 1 5 bytearray set_size size 245 Lua Support in Wireshark Sets the size of a ByteArray either truncating it or filling it with zeros 10 4 8 1 5 1 Arguments size New size of the array 10 4 8 1 5 2 Errors e ByteArray
275. tly selected subtree in the packet details tree Expand All Wireshark keeps a list of all the protocol subtrees that are expan ded and uses it to ensure that the correct subtrees are expanded when you display a packet This menu item expands all subtrees in all packets in the capture Collapse All This menu item collapses the tree view of all packets in the cap ture list Colorize Con versation This menu item brings up a submenu that allows you to color packets in the packet list pane based on the addresses of the cur rently selected packet This makes it easy to distinguish packets belonging to different conversations Section 9 3 Packet color ization Colorize Con versation gt These menu items enable one of the ten temporary color filters Color 1 10 based on the currently selected conversation Colorize Con versation gt Re This menu item clears all temporary coloring rules set coloring Colorize Con versation gt This menu item opens a dialog window in which a new perman New Coloring Rule ent coloring rule can be created based on the currently selected conversation Coloring Rules This menu item brings up a dialog box that allows you to color packets in the packet list pane according to filter expressions you choose It can be very useful for spotting certain types of packets see Section 9 3 Packet colorization Show Packet in New Window This menu item brings up the select
276. to be applied as the file gets opened 10 4 3 3 7 set_filter text Set the main filter text 10 4 3 3 7 1 Arguments text The filter s text 10 4 3 3 8 apply_filter 224 Lua Support in Wireshark Apply the filter in the main filter box 10 4 3 3 9 reload Reload the current capture file 10 4 3 3 10 browser_open_url url Open an url in a browser 10 4 3 3 10 1 Arguments url The url 10 4 3 3 11 browser_open_data_file filename Open an file in a browser 10 4 3 3 11 1 Arguments filename The url 10 4 4 Post dissection packet analysis 10 4 4 1 Listener A Listener is called once for every packet that matches a certain filter or has a certain tap It can read the tree the packet s Tvb eventually the tapped data but it cannot add elements to the tree 10 4 4 1 1 Listener new tap filter Creates a new Listener listener 10 4 4 1 1 1 Arguments tap optional The name of this tap filter optional A filter that when matches the tap packet function gets called use nil to be called for every packet 10 4 4 1 1 2 Returns The newly created Listener listener object 10 4 4 1 1 3 Errors e tap registration error 10 4 4 1 2 listener remove 225 Lua Support in Wireshark Removes a tap listener 10 4 4 1 3 listener packet A function that will be called once every packet matches the Listener listener filter function tap packet pinfo tvb userdata end 10 4 4 1 4 lis
277. to the specified type rather than being the type appropriate to the encapsulation type of the input capture file Note that this merely forces the encapsulation type of the output file to be the spe cified type the packet headers of the packets will not be translated from the encapsulation type of the in put capture file to the specified encapsulation type for example it will not translate an Ethernet capture to an FDDI capture if an Ethernet capture is read and T fddi is specified Example D 4 Help information available from mergecap mergecap h Mergecap 1 1 4 Merge two or more capture files into one See http www wireshark org for more information Usage mergecap options w lt outfile gt lt infile gt Output a concatenate rather than merge files default is to merge based on frame timestamps s lt snaplen gt truncate packets to lt snaplen gt bytes of data w lt outfile gt set the output filename to lt outfile gt or for stdout F lt capture type gt set the output file type default is libpcap an empty F option will list the file types T lt encap type gt set the output file encapsulation type default is the same as the first input file an empty T option will list the encapsulation types 277 Related command line tools Miscellaneous h display this help and exit v verbose output A simple example merging dhcp capture libpcap and imap 1 libpcap into out file libp
278. to the values Integer mask of this field Description of the field A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 9 ProtoField int24 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 10 4 6 6 9 1 Arguments abbr name optional base optional valuestring optional mask optional desc optional 10 4 6 6 9 2 Returns Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT A table containing the text that corresponds to the values Integer mask of this field Description of the field A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 10 ProtoField int32 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 10 4 6 6 10 1 Arguments abbr name optional base optional valuestring optional mask optional desc optional Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters Actual name of the field the string that appears in the tree One of base DEC base HEX or base OCT A table containing the text that corresponds to the values Integer mask of this field Description of the field 238 Lua Support in Wireshark 10 4 6 6 10 2 Returns A protofield item to be added to a ProtoFieldArray 10 4 6 6 11 ProtoField int64 abbr name base valuestring mask desc 10 4 6 6 11 1 Arguments abbr Abbreviated name of the field the string used in filters
279. tocols in the list 2 Disable All Disable all protocols in the list 3 Invert Toggle the state of all protocols in the list 4 OK Apply the changes and close the dialog box 5 Apply Apply the changes and keep the dialog box open 6 Save Save the settings to the disabled_protos see Appendix A Files and Folders for details 7 Cancel Cancel the changes and close the dialog box 9 4 2 User Specified Decodes The Decode As functionality let you temporarily divert specific protocol dissections This might be useful for example if you do some uncommon experiments on your network Decode As is accessed by selecting the Decode As item from the Analyze menu Wireshark will pop up the Decode As dialog box as shown in Figure 9 6 The Decode As dialog box Figure 9 6 The Decode As dialog box Wireshark Decode As Link Network Transport TCP source 3196 W ports as Do not decode Show Current Clear M Bis The content of this dialog box depends on the selected packet when it was opened 191 Customizing Wireshark A Warning The user specified decodes can not be saved If you quit Wireshark these settings will be lost 1 Decode Decode packets the selected way 2 Do not decode Do not decode packets the selected way 3 Link Network Transport Specify the network layer at which Decode As should take place Which of these pages are available depends on the
280. tons Plain Text specifies that the packet print should be in plain text PostScript specifies that the packet print process should use PostScript to gen erate a better print output on PostScript aware printers Output to file specifies that printing be done to a file using the filename entered in the field or selected with the browse button 108 File Input Output and Printing This field is where you enter the file to print to if you have selected Print to a file or you can click the button to browse the filesystem It is greyed out if Print to a file is not selected e Print command specifies that a command be used for printing Note These Print command fields are not available on windows plat forms This field specifies the command to use for printing It is typically Ipr You would change it to specify a particular queue if you need to print to a queue other than the default An example might be lpr Pmypostscript This field is greyed out if Output to file is checked above Packet Range Select the packets to be printed see Section 5 8 The Packet Range frame Packet Format Select the output format of the packets to be printed You can choose how each packet is printed see Figure 5 19 The Packet Format frame 109 File Input Output and Printing 5 8 The Packet Range frame The packet range frame is a part of various output related dialog boxes It provides options to select
281. tting Ctrl S This menu item saves the current capture If you have not set a default capture file name perhaps with the w lt capfile gt option Wireshark pops up the Save Capture File As dialog box which is discussed further in Section 5 3 1 The Save Capture File As dialog box 2 EZ Note If you have already saved the current capture this menu item will be greyed out Note You cannot save a live capture while the capture is in progress You must stop the capture in order to save Save As Shift Ctrl S This menu item allows you to save the current capture file to whatever file you would like It pops up the Save Capture File As dialog box which is discussed further in Section 5 3 1 The Save Capture File As dialog box File Set gt List Files This menu item allows you to show a list of files in a file set It pops up the Wireshark List File Set dialog box which is dis cussed further in Section 5 5 File Sets File Set gt Next File If the currently loaded file is part of a file set jump to the next file in the set If it isn t part of a file set or just the last file in that set this item is greyed out File Set gt Pre vious File If the currently loaded file is part of a file set jump to the previ ous file in the set If it isn t part of a file set or just the first file in that set this item is greyed out Export gt as
282. ut Usage omniidl p b wireshark_be lt your file idl gt e g omniidl p b wireshark_be echo idl To write to a file just redirect the output omniidl p b wireshark_be echo idl gt packet test idl c You may wish to comment out the register_giop_user_module code and that will leave you with heuristic dissection Copy the resulting C code to subdirectory epan dissectors inside your Wireshark source directory cp packet test idl c dir where wireshark lives epan dissectors The new dissector has to be added to Makefile common in the same directory Look for the declara tion CLEAN_DISSECTOR_SRC and add the new dissector there For example CLEAN_DISSECTOR_SRC packet 2dparityfec c packet 3com njack c becomes CLEAN_DISSECTOR_SRC packet test idl c packet 2dparityfec c packet 3com njack c aaa For the next steps go up to the top of your Wireshark source directory 282 Related command line tools 6 Run configure configure or autogen sh 7 Compile the code make 8 Good Luck D 9 4 TODO 1 Exception code not generated yet but can be added manually 2 Enums not converted to symbolic values yet but can be added manually 3 Add command line options etc 4 More I am sure D 9 5 Limitations See the TODO list inside packet giop c D 9 6 Notes 1 The p option passed to omniidl indicates that the wireshark_be py and wireshark_gen py are
283. utput and Printing 5 2 Open capture files 5 2 1 Wireshark can read in previously saved capture files To read them simply select the menu or toolbar item File e Open Wireshark will then pop up the File Open dialog box which is discussed in more detail in Section 5 2 1 The Open Capture File dialog box i It s convenient to use drag and drop S to open a file by simply dragging the desired file from your file manager and dropping it onto Wireshark s main window However drag and drop is not available won t work in all desktop environments If you haven t previously saved the current capture file you will be asked to do so to prevent data loss this behaviour can be disabled in the preferences In addition to its native file format libpcap format also used by tcpdump WinDump and other libpcap WinPcap based programs Wireshark can read capture files from a large number of other packet capture programs as well See Section 5 2 2 Input File Formats for the list of capture formats Wireshark un derstands The Open Capture File dialog box The Open Capture File dialog box allows you to search for a capture file containing previously cap tured packets for display in Wireshark Table 5 1 The system specific Open Capture File dialog box shows some examples of the Wireshark Open File Dialog box 4 The dialog appearance depends on your system The appearance of this dialog depends on
284. utton will apply the preferences settings and close the dialog The Apply button will apply the preferences settings and keep the dialog open e The Save button will apply the preferences settings save the settings on the hard disk and keep the dialog open e The Cancel button will restore all preferences settings to the last saved state Figure 9 8 The preferences dialog box 194 Customizing Wireshark Wireshark Preferences eae ux ae Layout Packet list selection mode Selects v J Columns Font Colors Protocol tree selection mode Selects Y Save window position Capture Printing Save window size Name Resolution imi v Protocols Save maximized state Open a console window Automatic advanced user Y File Open dialog behavior Remember last directory Always start in Directory File Open preview timeout Open Recent max list entries Ask for unsaved capture files Wrap to end beginning of file during a Find Pox J _ veh Ghee x sm 9 5 1 Interface Options In the Capture preferences it is possible to configure several options for the interfaces available on your computer Select the Capture pane and press the Interfaces Edit button In this window it is possible to change the default link layer header type for the interface add a comment or choose to hide a interface from other parts of the program Figure 9 9 Th
285. ve invalid checksums may lead to unreassembled packets making the ana lysis of the packet data much harder You can do two things to avoid this checksum offloading problem e Turn off the checksum offloading in the network driver if this option is available e Turn off checksum validation of the specific protocol in the Wireshark preferences 157 Advanced Topics 158 Chapter 8 Statistics 8 1 Introduction Wireshark provides a wide range of network statistics which can be accessed via the Statistics menu These statistics range from general information about the loaded capture file like the number of cap tured packets to statistics about specific protocols e g statistics about the number of HTTP requests and responses captured e General statistics e Summary about the capture file e Protocol Hierarchy of the captured packets e Conversations e g traffic between specific IP addresses e Endpoints e g traffic to and from an IP addresses e IO Graphs visualizing the number of packets or similar in time e Protocol specific statistics e Service Response Time between request and response of some protocols e Various other protocol specific statistics Note The protocol specific statistics requires detailed knowledge about the specific protocol Unless you are familiar with that protocol statistics about it will be pretty hard to under stand 159 Statistics 8 2 The Summary window
286. ve on native Windows This is the common Windows file save dialog plus some Wireshark extensions JO 0 M Specific for this dialog 01_20050819131503 pcap BBeest1_000 ap WBeest1_00013_20 02_200 3150 0000 508 kestt_00014_20 3 c testi testi _00015_20 pect _00 vei ooae20 If available the Help button will lead you to ap Etes 00011 200508 as 0037 20 this section of this User s Guide test t_00006_20050819191507 pcap test _00012_20050319 test _00013_20 gt fe If you don t provide a file extension to the file Fie test _ 20060813181 507 peap Sav Dee nT ARESE poa ie name e g pcap Wireshark will append the Set tt MU standard file extension for that file format Hep Packet Range OCepraed O Displayed Al packets 120 O Selected packet 1 O Range Unix Linux GTK version gt 2 4 Figure 5 5 Save new GTK version _ This is the common Gimp GNOME file save dia log plus some Wireshark extensions Specific for this dialog lt P File Input Output and Printing Ethereal Save Capture File As ae 5 pia e Clicking on the at Browse for other folders hame will allow you to browse files and folders in your file system Save in folder o E Packet Range All packets O Selected packet only O Specify a packet range Filetype lbpcap tcpdump Ethereal etc Browse for other Folders Unix Linux GTK version lt 2 4
287. with Wireshark it is helpful if you supply the traceback information besides the information mentioned in Reporting Problems You can obtain this traceback information with the following commands gdb whereis wireshark cut f2 d cut d f2 core gt amp bt txt backtrace 10 Introduction Note Type the characters in the first line verbatim Those are back tics there Note backtrace is a gdb command You should enter it verbatim after the first line shown above but it will not be echoed The D Control D that is press the Control key and the D key together will cause gdb to exit This will leave you with a file called bt t xt in the cur rent directory Include the file with your bug report Note If you do not have gdb available you will have to check out your operating system s de bugger You should mail the traceback to the wireshark dev AT wireshark org mailing list 1 6 7 Reporting Crashes on Windows platforms The Windows distributions don t contain the symbol files pdb because they are very large For this reason it s not possible to create a meaningful backtrace file from it You should report your crash just like other problems using the mechanism described above 11 Introduction 12 Chapter 2 Building and Installing Wireshark 2 1 Introduction As with all things there must be a beginning and so it is with Wireshark To use Wireshark you must e Obtain a
288. xample is CO A8 2C 00 HR c0 a8 1c 00 CEO 00 00 BE EF IT_Serverl 110f FileServer3 The settings from this file are read in at program start and never written by Wireshark Wireshark searches for plugins in the directories listed in Ta ble A 1 Configuration files and folders overview They are searched in the order listed If you start a new capture and don t specify a filename for it Wireshark uses this directory to store that file see Section 4 7 6 Capture files and file modes 261 Files and Folders A 3 Windows folders Here you will find some details about the folders used in Wireshark on different Windows versions As already mentioned you can find the currently used folders in the About Wireshark dialog A 3 1 Windows profiles Windows uses some special directories to store user configuration files which define the user profile This can be confusing as the default directory location changed from Windows version to version and might also be different for English and internationalized versions of Windows Note If you ve upgraded to a new Windows version your profile might be kept in the former location so the defaults mentioned here might not apply The following guides you to the right place where to look for Wireshark s profile data Vista Cc Users lt username gt AppData Roaming Wireshar k XP 2000 C Documents and Set tings lt username gt Application Data Documents and
289. y an Section 9 7 User Table with the following fields Match string A partial match for an stk filename the first match wins so if you have a specific case and a general one the specific one must appear first in the list Protocol This is the name of the encapsulating protocol the lowest layer in the packet data it can be either just the name of the protocol e g mtp2 eth_witoutfcs sscf nni or the name of the encapsulation protocol and the application protocol over it separ ated by a colon e g sscop sscf nni sscop alcap sscop nbap 203 Customizing Wireshark 9 11 PRES Users Context List Wireshark uses this table to map a presentation context identifier to a given object identifier when the capture does not contain a PRES package with a presentation context definition list for the conversation This table is handled by an Section 9 7 User Table with the following fields Context Id An Integer representing the presentation context identifier for which this asso ciation is valid Syntax Name OID The object identifier representing the abstract syntax name which defines the protocol that is carried over this association 204 Customizing Wireshark 9 12 SCCP users Table Wireshark uses this table to map specific protocols to a certain DPC SSN combination for SCCP This table is handled by an Section 9 7 User Table with the following fields Network Indicator An Integer
290. y to resolve a TCP UDP port e g 80 to something more human readable TCP UDP port conversion system service Wireshark will ask the operating system to convert a TCP or UDP port to its well known name e g 80 gt http XXX mention the role of the etc services file but don t forget the files and folders section 155 Advanced Topics 7 8 Checksums Several network protocols use checksums to ensure data integrity Tip Applying checksums as described here is also known as redundancy checking What are checksums for Checksums are used to ensure the integrity of data portions for data transmission or storage A checksum is basically a calculated summary of such a data portion Network data transmissions often produce errors such as toggled missing or duplicated bits As a result the data received might not be identical to the data transmitted which is obviously a bad thing Because of these transmission errors network protocols very often use checksums to detect such errors The transmitter will calculate a checksum of the data and transmits the data together with the checksum The receiver will calculate the checksum of the received data with the same al gorithm as the transmitter If the received and calculated checksums don t match a transmission error has occurred Some checksum algorithms are able to recover simple errors by calculating where the expected error must be and repairing it If the
291. ytes of data for each packet S This option specifies that Wireshark will display packets as it cap tures them This is done by capturing in one process and display ing them in a separate process This is the same as Update list of packets in real time in the Capture Options dialog box t lt time stamp format gt This option sets the format of packet timestamps that are dis played in the packet list window The format can be one of e rrelative which specifies timestamps are displayed relative to the first packet captured e a absolute which specifies that actual times be displayed for all packets e ad absolute with date which specifies that actual dates and times be displayed for all packets e ddelta which specifies that timestamps are relative to the pre vious packet e e epoch which specifies that timestamps are seconds since epoch Jan 1 1970 00 00 00 y The v option requests Wireshark to print out its version informa tion and exit w lt savefile gt This option sets the name of the savefile to be used when saving a capture file y lt capture link type gt If a capture is started from the command line with k set the data link type to use while capturing packets The values reported by L are the values that can be used 183 Customizing Wireshark X lt eXtension option gt Specify an option to be passed to a TShark module The eXten sion option is in the form extension_key value wher

Wireshark Documentation - Bandwidthco Computer Security

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