AN2751: Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3
Contents
1. 3 Window Managers leleee seen 7 Other User Applications 00 9 v Root USET 2022s sg ce mb reet med pre 10 JR ferences bosco sea rds se aero pude 25 Document Revision History 26 D 2 freescale semiconductor Terminology YDL is a fine implementation of Linux however this version is not a complete distribution and is very limited A new implementation is being developed and when available will be distributed to Genesi Pegasos II owners and this document will be updated at that time This version does not work correctly and many deficiencies will be discussed in this paper as well as some ways to work around the problems 2 Terminology The following terms are used in this document SCSI Type of hard drive which allows up to 8 drives on each channel IDE Type of hard drive which allows up to 2 drives on each channel Linux OS Linux operating system Debian One of the distributions of Linux Yellow Dog One of the distributions of Linux USB Universal serial bus Shell Software construct to allow separate users and jobs with in the same user to have a separate environment to avoid interfering with each other CUPS Common Unix Printing System Architecture YDL Yellow Dog Linux 3 Starting Yellow Dog Linux Use the boot option 4 for the Yellow Dog kernel During boot up there are lots of messages After boot is complete read some of these messages with the2. startx 4 3 Graphics or Not Graphics The rest of this section can be completed in a graphics display using a terminal window or can be completed in a text window or in a telnet window The rest of this section will assume a text window and we will discuss the graphics display window in Section 5 Window Managers Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 Freescale Semiconductor 3 Logging in as a Normal User 4 4 Changing Password A user may change his her password with the password command maurie localhost passwd Changing password for maurie current UNIX password Enter new UNIX password Retype new UNIX password passwd password updated successfully 4 5 Changing Users The su switch user command allows one to change users Both of these forms will create a new shell for the new user The previous shell will be preserved There are two forms e su username This form does not have the character This will change to the new user name however it will keep the environment of the current user That means that all permissions will be associated with this new user but the home directory and all the environment will remain with the old user Typing su and no user name will change to the root user the system will ask for the password for this user before making the change to the new user The root user can change su to any other user without giving the password Su usern
3. dev psaux Option ZAxisMapping 4 5 EndSection Section InputDevice Identifier USB Mouse Driver mouse Option Protocol USB Option Device dev input mice Option ZAxisMapping 4 5 EndSection Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 22 Freescale Semiconductor Root User 7 10 5 Fixing the Keyboard If the keyboard does not work correctly that is strange characters appear when the keys are pressed the keyboard may be configured for something other than a United States keyboard Edit etc X11 XF86Config again and search for Keyboard1d Ensure that Option XkbLayout is set to us It should look like this Section InputDevice Identifier Keyboardl Driver Keyboard Option XkbModel pc104 Option XkbLayout us Option XkbCompat Option XkbOptions EndSection 7 11 Networking Managing a network on YDL Linux consists of a few commands and defining two configuration files etc sysconfig network and etc sysconfig network scripts ifcfg ethO ifcfg eth n indicates what ethernet connections and associated IP addresses are assigned to this local computer Each ethernet connection has a name of eth lt n gt where n is the ethernet number ethO is assigned to the ethernet port physically located farthest from the mouse port and next to the video port see Freescale Application note AN2666 Genesi Pegasos II Setup lo is the loop back port If no IP is assigned to a
4. install query verify update and erase individual software packages A package consists of an archive of files and meta data used to install and erase the archive files The meta data includes helper scripts file attributes and descriptive information about the package Packages come in two varieties binary packages used to encapsulate software to be installed and source packages containing the source code and recipe necessary to produce binary packages More information is available through the man and info systems man rpm info rpm 8 References The following documents describe the various applications of the Genesi Pegasos II system 1 Freescale application note AN2666 Genesi Pegasos II Setup Freescale application note AN2736 Genesi Pegasos II Boot Options Freescale application note AN2738 Genesi Pegasos II Firmware Freescale application note AN2739 Genesi Pegasos II Debian Linux Freescale application note AN2743 Software Analysis on Genesi Pegasos II Using PMON and AltiVec Freescale application note AN2744 PMON Module An Example of Writing Kernel Module Code for Debian 2 6 on Genesi Pegasos II 7 Freescale application note AN2748 Genesi Pegasos II Kernel and NFS facility QUA qu Ua ES For assistance or answers to any question on the information that is presented in this document send an e mail to risc10 Gfreescale com Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 Freescale Semiconductor 25 Documen
5. Proxies to Access the Internet Direct connection to the Intemet Helper Applications O Manual proxy configuration Smart Browsing Internet Search HTTP Proxy Port o Tabbed Browsing SSL Proxy Port 0 Downloads DX Composer ETP Proxy Port 0 Mail amp Newsgroups Gopher Proxy Port 0 d M Apri Secuity SOCKS Host Port 0 Sam Se Scripts amp Plugins O socks v4 amp socks v5 G Products Cache Epos No Proxy for localhost 127 0 0 1 HTTP Networking Example mozilla org net nz Software Installation Automatic proxy configuration URL Mouse Wheel Reload Offline amp Disk Space F Devel E Con I sion of Linux available for t have questions in need of ing point for finding those OK Cancel Help system up to date with the njoy the world of Yellow Dog Linux and don t hesitate to provide your feedback the Terra Soft Team Home Products The Store Support Contact Us d Why Linux Real World e News Mailing s i gt History BR gt xk BL erra Soft Solutions Figure 2 Mozilla Proxies Window Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 Freescale Semiconductor 9 Root User 7 RootUser Change to root user Do not log in as root user root privilege grants unlimited access and unlimited opportunity to mess up the root file system beyond repair L
6. dev hda6 The root file system has all the directories necessary for Linux Figure 3 Root File System A user is a member of the club that is they can log in and use the Linux resources The etc passwd file denotes all users encrypted passwords and the initial shell which is owned by the user root but available to read by any user One way to see who is able to log onto the system is to read this file however a shadow password file can be created to blunt this possibility Only root can create new users each user owns their own home directory Each user will have their home directory in home however root has the home directory of root Figure 4 home root and etc Directories As an example for the following users with these passwd file entries userl x 501 501 home user1 bin bash guest x 502 502 home guest bin bash uSer2 x 503 503 home user2 bin bash user3 x 514 514 home user3 bin bash Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 Freescale Semiconductor 11 Root User This is the arrangement of home directories Figure 5 Home Directories Thus when we create a new user we add an entry to the etc passwd file we create a new directory in the home and set up an environment usually consisting of several hidden files bashrc and other files that begin with the lt character Every user has a user name a password an environment a user ID and a group ID Looking at the exampl
7. directories must start at Remember that there is also a root directory which is the home directory for the root user but the root of the directory is In order to mount any new partitions they must start in some directory in the existing root directory The default directory mnt is available for mounting partitions however a partition may be mounted on any directory Once a partition is mounted then that mount point s i e directory address previous contents are no longer viewable they still exist but they have been covered up by the mounted partition also called a mounted volume Thus to mount the second partition which is partition 1 counting from 0 is the dev hda2 on linux mount r t asfs dev hda2 mnt temp2 will mount the second partition onto the mount point mnt temp2 as a file system type asfs To mount the sixth partition counting from zero is the dev hda5 on linux which is the Debian partition mount r t ext3 dev hda5 mnt temp5 Or mount r dev hda5 mnt temp5 In this case ext2 and ext3 are the native Linux partition types and one does not need to designate the type for either of these Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 Freescale Semiconductor 15 Root User In both cases whatever files were on mnt temp5 previous to the mount will now be covered and un seeable Once the mount and umount command are reversed the previous mnt temp5 will be visible NOTE The mount
8. dmesg command and also in the var log directory In fact the var log directory contains many useful logs including the XF86 logs YDL starts in Default runlevel 3 Full multiuser mode but with out X11 window manager This can be seen from the etc initab file To run in a full windowing environment log in as a user and then perform the startx command Note that the XF86Config file may be misconfigured for the video monitor and the screen may be lost or it may become unreadable and unusable requiring a reboot Virtual Terminals may or may not work See Section 4 2 Starting the Graphics Display for more details 3 4 Boot Problems The only known boot problem is that if YDL does not recognize the video display and blanks out during initialization the login prompt never displays If this is the case find another type of video display The SONY Multiscan E500 will not work several NEC monitors do work Other monitors have not been tested 3 2 Log out Problems Logging out of the graphical display may work fine or may cause the monitor to go blank If it fails then all the virtual terminals will now fail Reboot by pressing the restart button Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 2 Freescale Semiconductor Logging in as a Normal User 3 3 Types of Virtual Terminals There are several virtual terminals available They are accessed by the alt ctrl Fn combination F7 is the graphics window F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F8 ar
9. file in the lines that start with Monitor change these two lines HorizSync the correct frequency VertRefresh the correct frequency An example with the NEC MultiSync XP21 Look it up on the www monitorworld com web site and find that the Horizontal Sync is 31 89 and the vertical refresh is 55 160 Add these two lines to the monitor section of the letc X 11 XF86Config 4 file HorizSync 31 89 VertRefresh 55 160guest The monitor section of the file now looks like this SSection Monitor Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 Freescale Semiconductor 21 Root User Identifier monitorl VendorName Generic ModelName 1024x768 70 Hz HorizSync 31 0 89 0 VertRefresh 55 160 Many ModeLine lines which should be commented out as shown in Section 7 10 2 etc X11 XF86Config EndSection Save the file 7 10 4 Fixing the Mouse If the mouse does not track correctly in fact if it seems to just work in a small area of the screen then the mouse information in the etc X11 XF86Config file is wrong Edit it again and search for PS2 mouse or USB mouse Unless a thumb roller mouse is being used one of these should say Option Protocol PS 2 If one mouse is set to ImPS 2 and the other set to PS 2 then either mouse should work with the system These should look like this Section InputDevice Identifier PS2 Mouse Driver mouse Option Protocol IMPS 2 Option Protocol PS 2 Option Device
10. is set to 4865 There is nothing wrong with that but this is larger than 1024 and could in certain setups cause problems with 1 software that runs at boot time e g old versions of LILO 2 booting and partitioning software from other OSs e g DOS FDISK OS 2 FDISK Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 14 Freescale Semiconductor Root User Warning invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w rite Command m for help p Disk dev hda 40 0 GB 40020664320 bytes 255 heads 63 sectors track 4865 cylinders Units cylinders of 16065 512 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command m for help q root localhost dev The q command quits and p command prints the partition info which in this case is unknown 7 6 Mounting Partitions In order to use any partitions on a hard drive they must be mounted The df command shows which hard drives are mounted The mount command with no arguments will show all mounted devices The command mount r t type dev designator directory will mount a partition or other device onto an existing directory in the root file system the r parameter indicates read only the t indicates the type of file system and dev designator is the device and directory is the mount point The beginning of the file system is the root which is designated as Thus to move to the root of the top level directory cd All
11. point is unmounted not the partition As an example mount the Debian partition dev hda5 look at the files with 1s and see the partition mounts with df k then dismount the partition from mnt templ rootelocalhost mnt mount dev hda5 mnt temp1 root localhost root localhost ZDLPegasos2 png bin boot cdrom root localhost Filesystem dev hda6 none dev hda5 root localhost root localhost root localhost root localhost 7 7 Accessing the Boot Partition 0 mnt cd templi temp1 1s cdrom0 home media proc dev initrd mnt root etc lib opt sbin floppy lost found pegasos srv temp1 df k 1K blocks 12654072 127120 21170868 temp1 temp1 cd 2176504 6508364 Used Available 10477568 0 127120 14662504 root umount mnt temp1 root sys usb4 tftpboot usr tmp var usb vmlinuz Use Mounted on 18 0 dev shm 31 mnt templ1 The boot partition 0 is the first partition on the hard drive which from the Freescale application note AN2736 Genesi Pegasos II Boot Options is an affs amega fast file system By mounting it from Linux all the files are accessible Assuming that there is a mnt temp1 directory or by creating one mount the partition with this command mount r t affs dev hdal mnt temp1 where r indicates mount in read only mode so this partition cannot be accidently written into and t indicates file system type in this case affs amiga fast file system C
12. to the root user Note that no user name is given root is the default user name for the su command Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 4 Freescale Semiconductor Logging in as a Normal User exit returns to user maurie 4 6 Checking Disk Space The command d will check disk space The most useful forms are df k will display all the mounted volumes maurieGlocalhost maurie df k Filesystem 1K blocks Used Available Use Mounted on dev hda6 12654072 2173688 10480384 18 none 127120 0 127120 0 dev shm maurieGlocalhost maurie df k note the space and then a dot character after the k displays just the mounted volumes associated with this user maurieGlocalhost X11 df k Filesystem 1K blocks Used Available Use Mounted on dev hda6 12654072 2173688 10480384 18 maurieGlocalhost maurie 4 7 Remote Access to Other Computers telnet remote gives the user a window to a remote computer remote can be the IP address or the name of the machine Normally Linux will not allow access via telnet The telnet daemon at usr sbin in telnetd has a configuration file at etc xinet d called telnet Therefore change this file to allow access to this machine On this YDL release the file is not here so telnet is not available from any Unix or Linux machine to this YDL So telnet through a Windows telnet window ssh remote is a secure shell similar to telnet appslab12 sps mot com
13. which method to use the file shown below uses the DHCP method root localhost network scripts cat ifcfg ethO Please read usr share doc initscripts sysconfig txt 4 for the documentation of these parameters USERCTL no PEERDNS yes TYPE Ethernet DEVICE etho BOOTPROTO dhcp ONBOOT yes root localhost network scripts This file can specify static IP address by changing the BOOTPROTO macro to none and specifying a static IP DEVICE etho BOOTPROTO none IPADDR 10 82 144 3 NETMASK 255 255 255 0 ONBOOT yes The gateway command is specified in the etc sysconfig network file Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 24 Freescale Semiconductor References GATEWAY 10 82 144 254 These are example IP addresses remember to use valid IP addresses The command ifup eth0 will start the ethO network Corresponding ifdown etho will shut the ethO network down 7 12 Managing Packages RPM Red Hat Package Manager System programs managed by the kernel and invoked to perform services system wide are managed by the Red Hat Package manager Packages can be obtained from the YDL web site http www yellowdoglinux com YDL community web site http www yellowdoglinux org or from the Yellow Dog distribution CD On some distributions a subset of available packages are on the hard drive at usr src rpm On this system these are empty RPM is a powerful Package Manager which can be used to build
14. 1 useradd fae root localhost test1 cd home fae root localhost fae ls a bash logout bash_ profile bashre gtkrc kde root localhost root userdel fae root localhost root At this time add the two users fae and guest root localhost root useradd fae root localhost root useradd guest root localhost root ls a home guest bash logout bash_ profile bashre gtkrc kde root localhost root t 7 3 Using Sound Sound does not work on this distribution 7 4 Naming Conventions of Devices dev sda1 dev hda1 etc Most devices on YDL Linux are accessed via a special facility know as the dev facility It is a directory in root which is the directory There are many devices defined here Use this command to see them ls dev rootelocalhost dev ls dev less MAKEDEV XOR adb adbmouse agpgart amigamouse amigamousel apm bios and many more The special MAKEDEY is a script that can recreate the dev directory if it should become corrupted Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 Freescale Semiconductor 13 Root User All devices are a set of keywords and a number For example hard drives on the IDE channel are designated hd l where is a letter designating the channel Thus hda is the hard drive on IDE channel zero master position hdb is IDE channel zero slave position hdc is IDE channel one master position etc Each partition is then indicated by a number T
15. Freescale Semiconductor Application Note AN2751 Rev 0 2 10 2004 Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 by Maurie Ommerman CPD Applications Freescale Semiconductor Inc Austin TX This application note is the fifth in a series describing the Genesi Pegasos II system which contains a PowerPC microprocessor and the system s various applications This document describes the implementation of Yellow Dog 3 0 Linux on this computer system 1 Introduction This application note describes the Yellow Dog Linux YDL operating system and many of the commands Linux has a variety of ways to accomplish most tasks This document will show only one way to perform the actions described here There are other ways Also there is usually a GUI way to accomplish most tasks however this paper presents command line methods for most tasks GUI are nice but they hide what is really happening When the network is set up with a GUI how the files are actually affected is not seen but using the line commands allows feedback on exactly what is happening This is not a complete guide to YDL but is a collection of useful things to help both the experienced and novice become quickly adept at using YDL Freescale Semiconductor Inc 2004 All rights reserved Contents s IBntrOQUCHOnD y yarr ha oa tower dace Weak domes 1 Terminology 5x es ee ewe SCR tet n 2 Starting Yellow Dog Linux 2 Logging in as a Normal User
16. a terminal window which is shown The four boxes allow the user to choose up to four windows with different applications The speaker icon allows for volume control The camera icon is for snapshots like this one and the last icon is the time and date The terminal window shown in Figure 1 is a session using the ftp facility to transfer files from YDL to another Unix or Linux machine Click on the menu icon and a set of menus are presented Menus are placed in categories and by choosing a category more menus are presented Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 8 Freescale Semiconductor Other User Applications 6 Other User Applications 6 1 Office This application is not available in this distribution 6 2 Internet Browser Open the Mozilla application using the main menu go to internet then Mozilla or just clicking the internet browser button on the top panel By default Mozilla uses a direct connection to the internet In locations where proxies are needed set up the proxy by using the Mozilla menu Edit Preferences Advanced Proxies as shown in Figure 2 below EA maune Q mauri rtu Aug os G4 SES Dwezits Mozi 15 07 v maurie localhost usr bin X lp cups yuvtoppm lpoptions zemp lppassud zdiff lpq zegrep lpq cups zeisstopnm lpr zfgrep lpr cups zforce lprm zgrep lprm cups zip lpstat zipcloak Y Preferences x r Configure
17. ame This form has the character This will change to the new user name and it will change the environment to the new user that is it will invoke the login bashrc and other login files That means that all actions are now performed by the new user with the new users environment Typing su and no user name will change to the root user the system will ask for the password for this user before making the change to the new user The root user can change su to any other user without giving the password e The exit command will return to the previous user restoring the previous shell The current shell is destroyed An example is shown below User maurie wishes to switch to user fae see 7 2 Create New Users to create a user called fae su fae followed by fae password will switch to the new user fae However we will continue to stay in old user guest home directory specifically cd will change to home guest not home fae Creating new files will give ownership of those files to fae but will write them to home guest if fae has permission to write into home guest The user can do a cd home fae to get to the fae s home directory su fae followed by fae password switches to the new user fae and change the environment to the new user fae therefore the cd command will move to home fae User guest wishes to switch to user root and gain root environment Su followed by the root password changes
18. anel then chose button then choose screen saver This will put a camera icon on the top bar Click this camera icon to choose the name of the screen shot from the window that displays Screen shots cannot be taken of menus The YDL Window Manager is a facility that runs on top of the X window system Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 Freescale Semiconductor 7 Window Managers i Wed Aug 04 18 43 oe a E L mauriec Q maurie localhost maurie localhost maurie ls MFSBConfig XFBBConfig orig XF 6diff maurie amp localhost maurie vi XF86diff naurie8localhost maurie lpstat maurie amp localhost maurie ftp appslab12 Connected to appslab12 10 82 119 177 220 appslab12 sps mot com FTP server SunOS 5 8 ready Name appslabi2 maurie 331 Password required for maurie Password 230 User maurie logged in Remote system type is UNIX Using binary mode to transfer files ftp gt cd genesi 250 CWD command successful ftp put XF86diff local XF86diff remote XFB6diff 227 Entering Passive Mode 10 82 119 177 130 137 150 Binary data connection for XFBGdiff 10 82 124 139 33388 226 Transfer complete 2203 bytes sent in 0 000154 secs 1 4e 04 Kbutes sec ftp quit 221 Goodbye maurie amp localhost maurie M Figure 1 The Main Yellow Dog Window As shown above the menu is on the top left The next icon opens Internet Explorer Next over is an icon that opens
19. e passwd file above userl is ID 501 and group 501 guest is ID 502 and group 502 Normally user IDs and group IDs will be assigned sequentially These IDs are used to indicate the permission of files Permission values are denoted by 3 octal digits uuu ggg aaa where uuu is the user set ggg is the group set and aaa is the all other set Each group of 3 octal digits represents the permissions write read execute Thus a permission set of 640 indicates that the user owner of the file has a permission set of 5 which is 0110 indicating read and write groups set is 4 0100 indicating read only and all other users have 0 indicating no access Thus users can be grouped together to share certain files maurie localhost etc groups maurie maurieGlocalhost etc As a normal user these hidden files that begin with a can be seen with the 1s a command Now these commands can be used to create new users useradd user name creates a home directory sets up the environment and prompts for an initial password This command is just the opposite for Debian adduser creates the environment and useradd does not For YDL useradd creates the environment and adduser does not Keep these differences clear when moving between Debian and YDL Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 12 Freescale Semiconductor Root User userdel user name removes all the information for this user Here is an example root localhost test
20. e text windows One can switch between them by pressing the alt ctrl Fn combination These virtual terminals only become available when the graphics display has been started and may fail after a graphics display logout 3 4 Login Screen Options Since YDL does not start in a graphical display a text login screen will be presented If the monitor is disconnected and then reconnected the screen may be lost If this happens reboot 4 Logging in as a Normal User Since there is no graphics login window shown just log in as a normal user from the text window None of the virtual windows are available at this time only this one text window There is no user guest on this system the only two users are maurie and root 4 1 Users The only users available on this system are root and maurie Log in now as maurie with password maurie Yellow Dog Linux release 3 0 Sirius Kernel 2 4 24 pegasos on an ppc localhost login maurie Password maurie last login Wed Aug 4 10 41 30 on ttyl maurieGlocalhost maurie 4 2 Starting the Graphics Display Once logged in as a user ensure that the etc X 11 XF86Config and etc sysconfig network files are set up properly for the monitor or the screen may become unusable requiring a reboot See Section 7 10 Fixing the Network and X Windows Configuration Files Once the two files above have been fixed start the graphics display Once started then the virtual terminals will also be available
21. eir IDs ps ef grep something displays all active processes that have something in their title Forexample ps ef grep maurie displays all the active processes for the user maurie as shown in this example maurieGlocalhost maurie ps ef grep maurie Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 6 Freescale Semiconductor Window Managers root 741 1 0 19 42 00 00 00 login maurie maurie 745 741 O 19 56 ttyl 00 00 00 bash maurie 781 779 0 19 58 00 00 00 usr sbin sshd maurie 782 781 0 19 58 pts 0 00 00 00 bash maurie 846 782 0 20 30 pts O 00 00 00 ps ef maurieGlocalhost maurie The commands less and more are useful as final pipe commands Used either as stand alone or in pipe commands they allow only one page of data to scroll by at a time There are several examples of less later in this paper ls 1 less only lists the files one screenful at a time 4 9 Using a USB Memory Stick YDL will automatically detect a USB memory stick however it cannot be mounted and used Unfortunately there is no way to use a USB memory stick at this time 5 Window Managers There is only one window manager available YDL which is a derivative of the Gnome window manager The X11 window manager is GDM it uses the etc X11 XF86Config file 5 1 The YDL Window Manager A snapshot program is available and the screen shots are from this program To take snapshots right click on the top panel choose add to p
22. h all files in the current directory grep something find xargs grep something finds all the occurrences of something in all files in all subdirectories as well find name name finds all files in all subdirectories of lt name gt find name newfile man command name gt will give a short tutorial on the command name gt and display it to the screen man Is man command name gt col b gt j sends the display to the file j which can then be printed or edited Use this command to get a tutorial for all the commands listed here and in the bin directory info command name gt gives a short tutorial on the command name gt and displays it to the screen It is another type of man page with somewhat different descriptions Sometimes it helps to read both the man and the info description of a command to learn how to use it cat file name displays the contents of the file on the screen cat n file name displays the contents of the file on the screen and number each line mkdir dir name gt creates a directory of name dir name gt in the current directory rmdir dir name removes a directory rm file name gt deletes a file uname a gives the name of the running Linux system As in the example below maurieGlocalhost etc uname a Linux localhost 2 4 24 pegasos 1 mer f v 11 18 05 13 CET 2004 ppc ppc ppc GNU Linux maurieGlocalhost etc ps ef displays all active processes and th
23. hange to that directory cd mnt tempi Use the command 1s to see the files on this partition root localhost Password root su root localhost root mount r t affs dev hdal mnt temp1 root localhost root cd mnt templ Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 16 Freescale Semiconductor Root User root localhost temp1 1s boot img menu vmlinuz 2 4 24 pegasos vmlinuz 2 6 4 pegasos bootpeg2 img update 2004 04 05 vmlinuz 2 4 25 powerpc root localhost temp1 Table 1 below shows the use for these files Name Type Source Use boot img bootpegasos2ram img Amiga ROM Image bootpeg2 img bootpegasos2ram img Amiga ROM image menu Forth type file Open Firmware Boot choice program update 2004 04 05 PowerPC executable Unknown Unknown vmlinuz 2 4 24 pegasos PowerPC executable Linux 2 4 24 kernel for debian vmlinuz 2 4 25 powerpc PowerPC executable Linux 2 4 25 kernel for yellow dog vmlinuz 2 6 4 pegasos PowerPC executable Linux 2 6 4 kernel for debian Table 1 Description of Files in the boot partition 0 dev hda1 The umount mnt temp1 command unmounts the partition 7 8 Accessing the MorphOS Partitions Create two directories on mnt named temp2 and temp3 Unlike the Debian kernels both affs and asfs file system types are available on YDL with this kernel mkdir mnt temp2 mkdir mnt temp3 Mount the two MorphOS partitions mount r t asfs de
24. hus hdal is the first partition on this hard drive sda indicates an SCSI device The USB devices are on the SCSI bus therefore they are designated as sda0 unused sdal the bottom front connector sda2 and sda3 the rear connectors 7 5 The Partition Table Editor The utility parted is the partition table editor for the Genesi Pegasos II system and is similar to the earlier utility fdisk used on many MAC and X86 Linux systems On this version of YDL both parted and fdisk will run but neither can read the partition table Thus hard drives cannot be set up from this version of YDL rootelocalhost dev parted dev hda GNU Parted 1 4 24 Copyright C 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Free Software Foundation Inc This program is free software covered by the GNU General Public License This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE See the GNU General Public License for more details Using dev hda parted p Error Unable to open dev hda unrecognised disk label parted q root localhost dev fdisk dev hda Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table nor Sun SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel Changes will remain in memory only until you decide to write them After that of course the previous content won t be recoverable The number of cylinders for this disk
25. ications intended to support or sustain life or for any other application in which the failure of the Freescale Semiconductor product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur Should Buyer purchase or use Freescale Semiconductor products for any such unintended or unauthorized application Buyer shall indemnify and hold Freescale Semiconductor and its officers employees subsidiaries affiliates and distributors harmless against all claims costs damages and expenses and reasonable attorney fees arising out of directly or indirectly any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use even if such claim alleges that Freescale Semiconductor was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part Learn More For more information about Freescale Semiconductor products please visit www freescale com Freescale and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor Inc The PowerPC name is a trademark of IBM Corp and is used under license All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners Freescale Semiconductor Inc 2004 Z freescale semiconductor
26. maurie ssh 10 82 124 139 The authenticity of host 10 82 124 139 10 82 124 139 can t be established RSA key fingerprint is 43 03 f 8 aa 8e 41 59 ee 72 5b ff 9e 26 5b 66 dd Are you sure you want to continue connecting yes no yes Warning Permanently added 10 82 124 139 RSA to the list of known hosts maurie 10 82 124 139 s password maurie localhost maurie ftp remote gives the user the capability of transferring files between the local computer and the remote computer On this version of YDL ftp is locked out Use the man command on each of these remote access commands Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 Freescale Semiconductor 5 Logging in as a Normal User sbin ifconfig will display the IP address of the local machine 4 8 Other Useful Commands These are a few simple very useful commands if not familiar with Linux experiment with these commands Also do the command 1s bin this will display all the user commands in the system ls lists all the files in the current directory ls 1 lists all the files in the current directory and gives the file size and other statistics pwd shows the current directory cd returns the system to the home directory cd directory name gt takes the system to the directory named whoami tells who is the current user grep something filename finds all the occurrences of something in the filename using the meta character will searc
27. ny ethernet port then ifconfig will only show the lo port Network information can be found from the ifconfig command As a non root user use the absolute path for the command sbin ifconfig root localhost root ifconfig etho Link encap Ethernet HWaddr 00 0B 2F 41 86 69 inet addr 10 82 124 139 Bcast 10 82 127 255 Mask 255 255 252 0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU 1500 Metric 1 RX packets 333704 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 8293 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 1000 RX bytes 24810364 23 6 Mb TX bytes 1560598 1 4 Mb Interrupt 9 Base address 0x1300 lo Link encap Local Loopback Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 Freescale Semiconductor 23 Root User inet addr 127 0 0 1 Mask 255 0 0 0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU 16436 Metric 1 RX packets 404 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 404 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 0 RX bytes 36498 35 6 Kb TX bytes 36498 35 6 Kb root localhost root t The file etc sysconfig network is the file that specifies networking either on yes or off no rootelocalhost sysconfig cat network NETWORKING yes root localhost sysconfig There are two types of ethernet methods of obtaining an IP address 1 DHCP dynamically attain an IP from a DHCP server 2 static statically assign an IP address The etc sysconfig network scripts ifcfg ethO file can specify
28. o SmartFirmware pdf SmartFirmware pdf info Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 18 Freescale Semiconductor Finally we can list the files on dev hda3 with these commands rootelocalhost root ls mnt temp3 less ls AmiNetRadio AmiNetRadio info AmiNetRadio readme Demos Demos info Developer Developer info Docs info Dopus5 Dopus5 info Games Games info Icons Only the first few files are shown above 7 9 Printers The print server and client are CUPS Common Unix Printing System Architecture 7 9 1 Installing a Printer Root User Open the Mozilla browser In the browse window type http localhost 631 enter The printer daemon uses port 631 Follow these steps Choose manage printers Look at available printers Choose add a printer Enter root user and password Enter device such as AppSocket HP jetDirect OO CON BO ear Dos ai Es socket 10 82 119 224 6100 9 Specify the driver for example Cannon400 HP 4SI 4SI MX driver Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 Enter the name location and description for example cannon400 bw in room b2455 Choose the network protocol for example LaserJet Series cups v1 1 Specify device URI for example socket WMP 6100 where IP is a valid IP address or Freescale Semiconductor Root User 7 9 2 Other Operations with a Printer Once in the Manage a Printer display the options available are choose to print a tes
29. o 80217 800 441 2447 303 675 2140 Fax 303 675 2150 AN2751 Rev 0 2 10 2004 Information in this document is provided solely to enable system and software implementers to use Freescale Semiconductor products There are no express or implied copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate any integrated circuits or integrated circuits based on the information in this document Freescale Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein Freescale Semiconductor makes no warranty representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose nor does Freescale Semiconductor assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and specifically disclaims any and all liability including without limitation consequential or incidental damages Typical parameters which may be provided in Freescale Semiconductor data sheets and or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time All operating parameters including Typicals must be validated for each customer application by customer s technical experts Freescale Semiconductor does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others Freescale Semiconductor products are not designed intended or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body or other appl
30. og in as a normal user and change to root user with the command su The password is moto Exit from root user as soon as the tasks that require root privileges are done 7 1 Changing the Root Password The first thing to do on the Genesi Pegasos II system is change the root password The command is passwd As shown below a prompt will ask for the new password twice Once accepted this new password is needed to gain access to root privileges again maurie 10 82 124 139 s password maurieGlocalhost maurie su Password root localhost root passwd Changing password for user root New password Retype new password passwd all authentication tokens updated successfully root localhost root As root user any users password can be changed by using the passwd command and the user name root debian passwd maurie Enter new UNIX password Retype new UNIX password passwd password updated successfully Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 10 Freescale Semiconductor Root User 7 2 Create New Users Users exist in a running Linux a running Linux has a root file system in the case of Yellow Dog on Pegasos II it is dev hda6 Freescale application note AN2738 Genesi Pegasos II Firmware discusses the firmware boot command which passes the argument root dev hda6 Thus the root file system for YDL Linux is partition 5 since partitions start at 0 but Linux designates them starting at 1 which is
31. op restart condrestart reload status root localhost root etc init d cups status cupsd pid 548 is running root localhost root Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 20 Freescale Semiconductor Root User 7 10 Fixing the Network and X Windows Configuration Files 7 10 1 etc sysconfig This file is used for network which will be discussed in Section 7 11 Networking It is also used to define the host name and the current setting of pegasos9 will not work Edit the file maurieGlocalhost sysconfig cat network NETWORKING yes HOSTNAME pegasos9 NAMELINE resulting in this file content maurieGlocalhost sysconfig cat network NETWORKING yes maurie localhost sysconfig Save the file 7 10 2 etc X11 XF86Config This file controls the video display characteristics for the graphic display monitor It does not affect the monitor display during bootup or while using the single text screen Debian Linux uses the XF86Config 4 file for monitor and mouse control YDL uses the XF86Config file for monitor and mouse control do not confuse them Edit the XF86Config file Comment out all the lines beginning with ModeLine The vi command is used below vi etc X11 XFF86Config 1 s ModeLine iModeline qw This will save the file with the changes It may also be necessary to change the HorizSync and VertRefresh 7 10 3 Fixing the Video Resolution Modify the XF86config
32. t Revision History 9 Document Revision History Table 2 provides a revision history for this application note Table 2 Document Revision History Revision Date Substantive Change s 0 2 10 19 04 Changed title to Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 to avoid confusion with AN2802 Genesi Pegasos ll Yellow Dog Linux 4 0 1 08 31 04 Minor editing 0 08 13 04 Initial release Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 26 Freescale Semiconductor Document Revision History THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 Freescale Semiconductor 27 How to Reach Us Home Page www freescale com USA Europe or Locations Not Listed Freescale Semiconductor Technical Information Center CH370 1300 N Alma School Road Chandler Arizona 85224 800 521 6274 480 768 2130 Europe Middle East and Africa 44 1296 380 456 English 46 8 52200080 English 49 89 92103 559 German 33 1 69 35 48 48 French Japan Freescale Semiconductor Japan Ltd Technical Information Center 3 20 1 Minami Azabu Minato ku Tokyo 106 0047 Japan 0120 191014 81 3 3440 3569 Asia Pacific Freescale Semiconductor Hong Kong Lid Technical Information Center 2 Dai King Street Tai Po Industrial Estate Tai Po N T Hong Kong 852 26668334 For Literature Requests Only Freescale Semiconductor Literature Distribution Center P O Box 5405 Denver Colorad
33. t page delete a printer and execute other tasks associated with printers 7 9 3 Using a Printer The 1p command sends a file to a printer The 1pstat command displays the status of the printer enscript formats a file for fancy printing options such as more than one page per physical page rotated and other things Try the following commands with a printing example Create a file using any editor and call the file test prt lp test prt sends it to the default printer ls d printer name test prt sends it to a specific printer instead of the default printer Creating and printing a post script file man enscript col b gt j captures the man page for enscript and formats it for printing and stores the results in the file j Unfortunately this version of YDL does not have enscript enscript c 2r o out ps j formats the man page for a post script file printing 2 pages per physical page rotated gv out ps is a utility to view post script files lp out ps prints it to a post script file lpstat a shows the status of the print job 7 9 4 Problem with the Printer Even though all indications are correct printer pages may queue up and never print they go into some infinite processing loop 7 9 5 Starting and Stopping the Printer Server CUPS The printer server CUPS is part of the init d system It can be stopped started or used for several other options root localhost root etc init d cups stat Usage cupsd start st
34. v hda2 mnt temp2 where asfs indicates amiga smart file system mount r t asfs dev hda3 mnt temp3 Use the 1s command to see the files on these partitions One can read and edit these files and specifically can read edit and copy the pdf files referenced in Freescale application note AN2738 Genesi Pegasos II Firmware and SmartFirmware User Manual available on the MorphOS partition To access the files now on these two partitions cd mnt temp2 to see the dev hda2 partition files rootelocalhost root mkdir mnt temp2 rootelocalhost root mkdir mnt temp3 rootelocalhost root mount r t asfs dev hda2 mnt temp2 rootelocalhost root mount r t asfs dev hda3 mnt temp3 root localhost root t Genesi Pegasos II Yellow Dog Linux 3 Rev 0 2 Freescale Semiconductor 17 Root User Some of the files are listed below rootelocalhost root ls mnt temp2 less Apps Apps info Barfly Barfly info C Classes Classes info Devs Devs info Docs Docs info Fonts Only the first few files are shown above The pdf files in the Docs directory display with the command 1s Docs as in the example below rootelocalhost root ls mnt temp2 Docs less Audio pdf Audio pdf info FrontPanel pdf FrontPanel pdf info ModeEdit pdf ModeEdit pdf info MorphOS dev pdf MorphOS dev pdf info PegasosFirmware txt PegasosFirmware txt info PegasosSpecs pdf PegasosSpecs pdf info SFUserManual pdf SFUserManual pdf inf
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