FSWXR2100 User Manual
Contents
1. air above them and the hail particles within them Therefore Collins has included the thunderstorm OverFly Protection OFP FSWXR2100 Page 12 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 AOG This function continuously changes the tilt and looks for high reflective thunderstorm bodies bottom third s In depended of where your set tilt crosses the thunderstorm now it always draws the saved bottom image instead So you always see great red areas where storms are present even if they would not create reflections with your current settings This function is only available with in the PAC range that is fixed to 80NM Other clouds than thunderstorms may also create reflections Towering cumulus clouds have the same characteristics as thunderstorms also consists of the three precipitation stages but reflections are only in the green and yellow range Lower cumulus clouds also can create reflections because they consist of water drops anyway But density and turbulence is much lower than in thunder clouds Additional low sized clouds nimbostratus and similar that consist of raindrops also generate reflections In most cases there is also downpour below them WK T FSWXR2100 Page 13 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 Above you can see the three states of a thunder cloud real WXR 2100 radar images compared to the FSWXR2100 images The first pair is sensed through the top third of the cloud2. aircrafts too 3 4 Uninstalling from a panel If you want to remove the FSWXR 2100 from a panel then again select the aircrafts panel folder as described at 3 3 The Installer automatically detects an FSWXR2100 installation and looks like this w AOG FSWXR Panel Installer ersion 1 0 O x select target aircraft path D REMOVE from panel of b747_400 J Programme ae 4 Microsoft Games 3 Flight Simulator 9 I aircraft Meing heavy style 747 757 767 777 4b747_400 Boeing grew style 737 100 to 737 900 and all other aircraft types C Airbus style all types Simple press REMOVE and FSWXR2100 is removed from the target panel 3 5 Modify an installation If you want to modify the style of FSWXR2100 then first uninstall the panel as described in 3 4 and the install again with new style settings as described in 3 3 FSWXR2100 Page 6 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 4 Weather radar basics 4 1 Functional basics A weather radar is intended to show the pilot hazardous weather situations such as heavy turbulence thunderstorms wind shear But that s no as easy as it sounds The only way to scan for something around the aircraft is to sense for radar reflective particles in the air In a certain radar frequency range water is such a reflective subject So a weather radar can only sense for water particle in the air But as you see later water at a certain density is seen within thu
3. and you see its low reflective and hardly visible Although there are the most dangerous hail particles and turbulences The second pair is sensed through the freezing hail area the mid third of the cloud You see greater reflections The last pair is sensed through the bottom You see red reflections and additional ground clutter in the real image that is situation depended Now the same image within the OFP range As you see the OFP stored the most reflective bottom cloud part and displays it You can tilt now wherever you want the red image stays here 4 7 Turbulence Detection The intensity of turbulence within clouds can also be displayed The turbulence is calculated out of the velocity changes for the reflections This turoulence can only be measured within clouds that generate normal reflections So only precipitation based turbulence can be displayed gusty winds and other air turbulence can not be displayed Following color code is used dark magenta means moderate turbulence intense magenta means serve turbulence The turbulence image is an overlay to the normal weather radar image so if no turbulence is measured the normal RGB WX image is drawn The turbulence detection is limited to a Range of 40NM AOG FSWXR2100 Page 14 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 Serve turbulence to be expected in the magenta area 4 8 Wind shear prediction PWS A special high sensitivity mode makes it possible to de
4. 0 The installer looks like this w AOG FSWXR Panel Installer ersion 1 0 a Oj x select target aircraft path _B74 _3MY es C B757_2M C B757_3M Boeing heavy style 747 757 767 77 7 B767_2MY a B767 3MY Boeing grew style 737 100 to 737 900 9 B767_4MY and all other aircraft types 9 B777_2MY G b777_300 Airbus style all types C B777_3MY Initially the directory box points to your FS9 aircraft folder All you installed aircrafts are visible You now can select the airckaft you want to install the FSWXR2100 to Double click on the target aircraft B747_400 in our example and then double click on the appearing ganel folder y aa INSTALL into panel of E Microsoft Boeing heavy style 747 757 767 777 Boeing grew style 737 100 to 737 900 and all other aircraft types fee panel Airbus style all types You can select between 3 different styles Boeing heavy style normally used in 747 757 767 777 Boeing grew style 737 used in the whole 737NG series and it is the most common style for all other aircrafts e Airbus style as used in all Airbus aircrafts that have the Collins WXR2100 included AOG FSWXR2100 Page 5 AOG AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 Then simply press install and the FSWXkR is installed to that panel IMPORTANT If the panel that you installed to is aliased that means shared with other aircrafts than you will see FSWXR 2100 in the other
5. AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 Realistic simulation of the real Collins WXR2100 for Microsoft Flightsimulator 9 GND CLTR SPRS AOG FSWXR2100 Page 1 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 1 Introduction Weather is the one of uncontrollable factors in aviation Therefore a precise weather analysis is necessary for a safe aircraft operation Most of the work is done before flying in a detail weather forecast But nevertheless weather is changing often in a not forecasted manner Most important is to locate hazardous weather areas and avoid them That s now where the weather radar system comes into play This system is able to show the pilot where dense precipitation is located and turbulence is expected Of course weather is also an important factor in flight simulation With the release of Microsoft Flight Simulator 9 Microsoft has built an outstanding weather engine Together with perfect weather add ons AS e g weather becomes as important and uncontrollable as in reality So in flight simulation weather radar also would be important But since the Microsoft flight simulator does not simulate in could turbulence and precipitation there is no reasonable way to program a radar But anyway weather radar simulation is possible because we do what Microsoft has not implemented yet We are going to assume precipitation in clouds and display that In cl
6. PB 237m So flying over LSZH Zurich Swiss when heading direction LIPB Bolzano Italy the LSZS Samedan Swiss will bring you ground reflections because it crosses the beam path As GCS is switched off a possible thunderstorm in Bolzano is hidden or better embedded between the LSZS Ground reflection and the LIBP ground reflection Increasing the tilt and or enabling the GCS function would eliminate this effect FSWXR2100 Page 16 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 5 The FSWXR Gauge and Controls 5 1 The Boeing style 1 Gain Knob not working in this release 2 Power button 3 Test mode unselects WXR or WX T test image is drawn 4 WXR mode unselects TST or WX T 3 colour WXR image is drawn 5 Wind shear prediction mode wind shear is drawn only when range lt 20NM and aircraft is 2500ft AGL or below 6 Ground Clutter Suppression switch selects GCS function 7 Tilt Knob for selecting a tilt 8 WX T mode unselects WX T or TST 5 colour WXR image is draw including turbulence display 9 Range increase area clicking this area range is increased 10 Range decrease area clicking this area decreases range AOG FSWXR2100 Page 17 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 5 2 The Airbus style oF O GND CLTR SPRS 3 1 Gain Knob not working in this release 2 Power switch 3 Wind shear prediction switch wind shear is drawn only when range lt 20NM and aircr
7. aft is 2500ft AGL or below 4 Radar Mode Selector same as Boeing 3 4 8 5 Ground Clutter Suppression switch selects GCS function 6 Tilt Knob for selecting a tilt 7 Range increase area clicking this area range is increased 8 Range decrease area clicking this area decreases range In reality the aircrafts can have different control panels installed depending on weather radar manufactor and version These are the common ones AOG FSWXR2100 Page 18 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 6 Using the radar 6 1 The Display The display of course displays the sensed weather radar information The image is refreshed with the beam travel Since a multi sensing weather radar like the Collins WXR 2100 always draws a image out of memory change any control is delayed by one travel period That means if you change the tilt range or any function but they take place after the next beam period 8seconds The annunciators within the display always show the setup for the actually displayed image so are also delayed That is important to know So whenever you change a control wait until annunciators in the image show correct before interpreting the WXR image 6 2 Power up amp TEST mode The radar pulse generators need to warm up which could take up to 40 seconds After a power on the test image is drawn until warm up is complete After that the radar is ready for use and automatically switches to t
8. ayed in green becoming red as it gets closer The WXR 2100 radar has a path attenuation compensation within 80NM that means within 80NM it all particles are displayed in their real colour A warning is displayed when operating at distances greater than 80NM AOG FSWXR2100 Page 10 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 4 5 Ground clutter reflections AOG As the beam is hits the ground it is very well reflected from water metal concrete and so on So ground reflections are mostly shown as yellow and red reflections a In the example above the Thunderstorm is sensed by the radar but it is also surrounded by red and yellow reflections from the mountain So increasing the tilt would solve the problem But as you see later thunderstorms are only visible at the lower 2 3 of the cloud the top 1 3 is invisible for radar So a tilt increase would maybe also eliminate the storm on the display Collins found out an algorithm to compensate the ground reflection and so make only weather data visible This mode is called the Ground Clutter Suppression GCS Without GCS and finally with GCS FSWXR2100 Page 11 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 4 6 Meteorological Basics AOG What can be displayed on the radar As said above only wet particles raindrops wet hail produce good reflections Now it is time to interpret different precipitation densities and reflections Aviation based weather rada
9. eel aioe 19 Belly Une Displayen naa aa a a Aa iaaii As 19 6 2 Power up amp TEST MOdGe cccececcceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeaaeeeeeeeeeeeeenees 19 6 3 Attenuation Alert FING eis faeces circa certains ha ee caderensiate ins ade ntenahceinntenechias 20 Be T l ATE U o Ash is Iee ete 8 E aa Sa Oat RR ae 20 6 5 Wind shear PreG ICON iced cee tee tet tee eMe tte helt e eee k feed tes edd 21 6 6 Performance sips paa a a aea a aon iaae 21 AOG FSWXR2100 Page 3 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 3 Installation 3 1 Minimum System requirements Windows 2000 or newer 64MB of free memory Microsoft Flight simulator 9 Unregistered FSUIPC dll Version 3 0 or newer 3 2 Installation Installation is easy since the software is installed by an self extracting exe file 3 3 Installation into a panel You can install the FSWXR into any panel you like The installation is kept easy with the FSWXR2100 Panel Installer program If you install the FSWXR2100 the first time the panel installer program is launched after a successful installation automatically If you want to install FSWXR 2100 into a panel at a later time or if you want to modify an installation you find the installer program under Start gt Programs gt AOG gt FSWXR Panel Configurator Gy ALIVE 7 rE SUNI CUILIUIT Bai AOG y 2 ArcSoft ShowBiz E IFA duictrian MAP AOG FSWXR2100 Page 4 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1
10. he selected mode AOG FSWXR2100 Page 19 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 Same image is drawn when the TEST Button is pressed or selected on Airbus It shows all possible radar colours 6 3 Attenuation Alert Ring 0 oF n GND CLTR SPRS The attenuation alert ring is drawn at the most outer range ring It marks an angle at which beam attenuation is measured That means in this area radar shadowing must be expected So that means avoid flying with a heading within the yellow arc try to keep the yellow line outside of your heading The area marked with this arc is not safe even nothing is displayed behind a thunderstorm Another storm may not be display due to attenuation This arc is only drawn when 80NM or less is set as range Outside of that range beam attenuation can not be detected and so no warning arc can be drawn So anyway never fly close behind a storm 6 4 Tilt setup A proper tilt setup is mandatory for weather radar usage The tilt is the parameter with that you control where you want observe at a certain altitude AOG FSWXR2100 Page 20 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 Level Flight Radar Range For normal flight operations the case 2 should be aimed In this case the tilt is set as to hit ground at the end of the range display If GCS is off you should see a small arc of ground clutter at the outer range This is a good tilt setup for level flight as
11. n the map AOG FSWXR2100 Page 7 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 As the beam continuously travels from right to left and back we get a complete image of water reflections in front of us 4 2 What produces reflections In an aviation based weather radar which is much less sensitive than a meteorological weather radar only water and wet hail produces reflections found this image in the Collins WXR2100 manual which says it best As you will see later ground obstacles also will produce reflections if the beam is focused on them AOG FSWXR2100 Page 8 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 4 3 The beam AOG Beam Rotation Angle 160 positive tilt angle a Zero tilt angle negative tilt Beam Tilt angle from 15 up to 15 in 0 25 steps Beam width is 3 5 1 759 The beam is rotated by 160 from left to right and back and while rotated it sends continuously pulses out and receive them So the beam covers a large lateral area in front of the aircraft This movement can not be controlled by the pilot The speed of the movement depends on the range and sensitivity FSWXR2100 Page 9 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 settings In the FSWXR it needs 160 frames for one rotation which needs about 8 seconds 18fps as in reality The beams tilt angle need to be set by the pilot Only in OFP Mode the tilt is swept automatically see later The
12. nderstorms so this is a good way too sense for them Radar energy disturbed Radar beam If the radar beam hits a reflective particle blue circle it is disturbed into any direction Some small amount is directly disturbed back to transmitter red arrow The denser the particle is the more reflective it is the less energy can go through it green arrow The weather radar now measures all energy that is directly return to it red arrows The radar energy needs a little time to travel out be reflected and travel back The farer the distance the longer it takes Out of the received energy the radar system can now determine following data e The amount of reflected energy is the reflectivity of the particle Density of water particles in our case e The time until the reflected energy is back is the distance of the particle e The frequency of the reflected energy is the moving speed of the particle So with a weather radar we are able to determine how dense water is at which distance Additional we can determine at which speed the particles are moving which is similar to the turbulence that may be expected there Based on this data the radar image is now drawn The amount of energy received so the density of water is separated by colour Green stands for lower water particles density yellow for more dense water particles and red is for highly dense water particles could also be wet hail This coloured point is now drawn o
13. oud precipitation depends on certain meteorological conditions what we do is to analyse the meteorological situation and out of that we determine the amount of precipitation there would be in reality The algorithm for that has been worked out together with meteorologists Functions and displaying of that precipitation data is based on the Rockwell Collins WXR 2100 weather radar used in many major airliners B737 up to B777 all Airbus The weather radar avionic itself is very complex to use and needs detailed understanding of its principle It is not a watch and trust avionic as TCAS for example The weather radar image depends mostly on its setup which is done by the pilot So many good reasons to use a weather radar system in flight simulator which will increase your workload increase your aviation knowledge and so fun on flying want to thank you that you have purchased the gauge and wish you many funny hours on flying with realistic weather radar usage in your cockpit Praxmarer Florian Add On Gauges AOG FSWXR2100 Page 2 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 2 Contents as TE OCCU OI so reese E E A E spehes 2 2 OOMEN S ictacctticdala tata totals listaauticeiels otha uc talet cde osteo celia meals trotted 3 Se WISTAMAM OW poeta te ctett ee tlact tet tect ect nha ehh A te ued de 4 3 1 Minimum System requirements cceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeees 4 Bid iMMSLANATOM sss
14. rs are as sensible to show only reflections that are relevant for flight operations Meteorological weather radars are much more sensitive which may display nearly everything that s in the sky But aviation related weather phenomena are of course thunderstorms due to their high turbulence inside and the relative heavy ice particles hail and clouds that may develop to a storm Other clouds are not really a hazard for aircrafts and most of them do not generate any reflections To find out thunderstorms on the radar it is important to know that such a cloud has three precipitation stages altitude The lowest third of the cloud consist of turbulent and fast moving heavy raindrops They are of course producing very good reflections So you see a red area when your beam crosses the bottom third of a cloud As you increase the tilt and your beam cross the mid third of the cloud where the up moving raindrops freeze you have also good reflections but the area is much smaller than in the bottom third This because of the shape of a thunder cloud At the top this of a thunder cloud hardly no reflections are generated because it consists only of dry hail up there As thunderstorm can reach high altitudes they may grow up into your flight level But there you will only cross the top third of the cloud which will not be displayed on the radar when flying with neutral tilt But tops of thunderstorm should be avoided because of the turbulent
15. teces coe Cerisuet ids E A tude Vacs teviiuas A 4 3 3 Installation into a Panels as cescgsce2 carcass aavevat tet cae geeks sateen ast as eee tee 4 3 4 Uninstalling from a Panel cccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenaaees 6 3 5 Modify an installation 2 0 0 0 cc cece eccceeceeeee cere eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaees 6 4 Weather radar basics 00 cceeeeeeececeece eee eeeeeteeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaaaaeaeeeeeeeeeeesesnaeneeeeeees 7 4l Functional BASICS cc tecoetes a2 sacs eadevecavabssiias A AA AA 7 4 2 What produces reflections c ccccceeeeeeeeseeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeesecaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 8 AS The beam ste tiie tte ea RAS te RA eS DAE es 9 4 4 Attenuation COCKS spose ana a a a 10 4 5 Ground clutter reflections cccecceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 11 4 6 Meteorological BasiCs 2 cnenananonan eae aaa ae 12 4 7 Turbulence Detection ee ok alee aa ah es 14 4 8 Wind shear prediction PWS cccceceeeeeeeseeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeenaaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 15 4 9 Limitations and SIMPIINCAUONS seccccitscigiestcet cect eigeesiacl coed ciguesbavleceehs sigeesbaeietens 16 5 The FSWXR Gauge and Controls cecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneaeeeeeeees 17 ol The Boeng Style visite a oc en ie neat een a bie 17 BZ G PAINS SE a coec todd a careede a secu cade care tah a uate tude aiaia 18 6 Using the radarit siniorino aniors ae aoan aaea
16. tect wind shear out of water particles Wind shear is always present at low altitudes just above ground Additional due to the high sensitivity other particles than water may produce enough reflection energy to be detected and displayed as wind shear Wind shear is only working below 2500ft AGL and in ranges up to 5NM This mode is only intended for take off and final approach phase Wind shear areas are marked by red rings AOG FSWXR2100 Page 15 AOG Add On Gauges FSWXR 2100 Users Manual Rev 1 0 4 9 Limitations and simplifications AOG A few simplifications were necessary for weather radar display in FS9 First of all is the cloud position In reality red drawn holes are at same position as the cloud of course As have found no reasonable solution for finding out the randomly positioned clouds can only render an exact area where a certain cloud type and other meteorological data is present More than 12000 areas cover the whole world Out of many parameters the exact weather area is drawn with typical reflections for the weather situation As you use the radar you will see that it is far enough for save flight operation But keep in mind that flying through exact red holes does not avoid flying through a thunder cloud The other limitation is the ground elevation model that is used It covers only elevations of stations and calculates ground reflections out of that Mountains etc are not modeled LSZS 1600m LSZH 428m LI
17. this setup senses through all altitudes along your range The setup 1 is not recommended because it only senses a short distance blue line and the rest is only ground clutter This setup could be useful to temporary aim on a target that is very close Setup 3 is a not recommended because in level flight because in most cases you sense above any interesting cloud formations Take off For take off its best to leave neutral tilt and switch GCS on Approach For approaches switch off the GCS function and tilt in the same manner as in level flight 6 5 Wind shear prediction Wind shear prediction is only usable for take off and final approach range is limited to 5NM and can be displayed only at 2500ft AGL or below 6 6 Performance The FSWXR2100 normally don t hit the frames but that depends on the screen size Reduce radar size as much as possible then frame performance is best AOG FSWXR2100 Page 21
18. tilt is independent of the pitch angle that is automatically compensated With the tilt you can vary the sensing altitude of at a certain point of interest Since tilting is a little complex it is described in the usage section The beam is not ideally focused for Collins WXR2100 the beam width is 3 5 You will see all reflections within this beam triangle A triangle is only a simplified 3db slope 4 4 Attenuation effects Attenuation is one of the major effects that have to be considered by the pilot Well understanding of the following section is mandatory Radar shadowing Radar beam O If the beam hits dense water bodies almost thunderstorms a great amount of the beam energy is disturbed As you see the green arrow is the remaining beam energy after the first particle It is the fully disturbed at the next particle leaving no energy for the last particle So the first two particles are drawn on the screen but the last one is not because it is not sensed That is important to know Imagine there is a heavy thunder cloud followed by an other The second one is not displayed since the first one disturbs all the energy Examples are shown later below Path attenuation Since the radar beam gets weaker by distance the reflected energy of far particles is lower than that of near particles That means that the same particle seems to be less dense at high distances This could cause that a thunderstorm be displ
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