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Stabilite® 2018 - Spectra

1. Danger Interlocked Housing Label 4 6 123456789100 Aperture Shutter Beam Diameter Label 7 Danger When Open Label 5 A amp Ground Label 8 BLE D INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION IS EMITTED FROM THIS APERTURE SEE MANUAL Aperture Label 3 VISIBLE AND OR INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION IS EMIT TED AS SHOWN WHEN CAVITY SEAL IS RETRACTED 0452 0160 Danger Cavity Seal Label 6 Lightning Bolt Label 9 23 European High Voltage Label 10 a Spectra Ph od TERRA BELLA AVENUE sics Lasers Spectra Physics Lasers Inc POWER SUPPLY CONFIGURATION WATER COOLING REQUIREMENTS RATED INPUT CUR PWR 1 7 GPM 45A 16 KW 3 PHASE INPUT POWER 208 V 8 50 60 Hz OPERATING MODE CONTINUOUS DUTY MADE IN USA 0451 4040 Configuration Label 15 MOUNTAIN VIEW CALIF 94043 MANUFACTURED OR MARKETED UNDER ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING U S A PATENTS 4 063 808 4 203 080 4 442 542 4 613 972 4 615 034 4 619 547 4 668 906 4 677 640 4 683 575 4 685 109 4 685 110 4 689 796 4 706 256 4 715 039 4 719 404 4 719 638 4 809 203 4 816 741 4 872 104 4 947 102 4 974 228 4 982 078 4 988 942 5 002 371 5 047 609 0445 4020 S Spectra Physics Identification Label Remote Control 19 Figure 2 7 Stabilite 2018 CDRH and Electrical Warning Labels Model Ser
2. High Reflector is one of two intracavity mirrors and it reflects all light back into the cavity The mirror itself is held in a cup shaped retainer at the end of a bayonet type holder Figure 3 2 Turning the holder counter clockwise 30 disengages the holder from the output mirror plate and allows it to be pulled straight out of the laser To replace the mirror holder insert it back into the laser and rotate it until it goes all the way in Then turn it clockwise 30 until it clicks into place Once out the mirror can be removed by simply pulling it out of the cup When replacing the mirror note the small arrow on the barrel which points to the coated surface The coated side must always face the cavity Prism assembly replaces the high reflector assembly and adds a prism to the cavity to provide wavelength tuning capability The prism assembly includes an integral high reflector The prism disperses the laser beam bending individual lines according to their wavelength A line will oscil late if its angle of refraction through the prism matches the vertical rota tion angle of the prism As you adjust the high reflector vertically the angle at which the beam strikes the prism changes and with it the wave length of the oscillating line Protective Cap Prism Holder Figure 3 3 Prism Umbilical cable provides electrical signals and power to the laser head Although removable at the power supply the cable is not removable
3. 15 1 Hz indicates all interlocks are closed but the reservoir is perceived empty or there is a mechanical malfunc tion The response will toggle at 1 Hz between 7 and 15 To read this condition use a computer program subroutine to perform a con tinuous asynchronous read over a 3 second period or sample the CI at random using a terminal If this last condition occurs tube plasma is well below its normal oper ating level This may signify the end of tube life However if there is merely a mechanical malfunction e g someone disconnected the control wire to the fill solenoid the tube will be needlessly destroyed Turn the system off and immediately call your Spectra Physics Lasers service representative Control Commands Computer Interface SET p n The SET p n command where p is 1 or 2 and n is a decimal number from 0 to 250 sets either the tube current level p 1 or the desired optical output power p 2 Prior to sending this command the control mode current or power and range if p 2 must be selected see WRITE p n and Table 6 7 below Example SET 1 0 0A SET 1 125 25 A SET 1 250 50 A 2 W Range 10 W Range SET 2 0 min OW OW SET 2 250 max 2W 10 W WRITE p n The WRITE p n command where p is 6 or 7 and n is a decimal or binary number listed in Table 6 7 controls three system functions WRITE 6 n sets the power range and control mode WRITE 7 n turns the las
4. 5 V 12 V 12 V Tube Fill Status Remote Emission Indicator Not Connected Current Monitor Return Type Input Input Input Input Input Input Output Output Output Output Output Output Output Description Command signal 0 to 5 V full scale that modulates both the current control input pin 19 and the power control input pin 36 See MODULATION connector description Command signal 0 to 5 V full scale that selects the desired tube current with the laser in current mode pin 6 inactive May manually select the current set point when it is connected to the wiper arm of a 10 kQ pot Connect the other two terminals of the pot across pins 17 buffered 5 V REF and 37 control com mon The input selects from 0 to 50 A of tube current at 10 A V Inputs exceeding minimum and maximum current limits of the power supply will be clipped Current source for optically coupled logic inputs Re quires 5 V pull up at 50 mA which may be user supplied or taken from pin 27 One side of the interlock input Must be jumpered with pin 24 for normal use the interlock requires a floating contact to make or break the interlock Common interlock input Must be jumpered with pin 23 and with pin 25 for normal use One side of the interlock input Must be jumpered with pin 24 for normal use 1 If key interlock is open the output is inactive high otherwise the output is pulled low
5. 01 1 69 07 60 93 Germany and Export Countries Spectra Physics GmbH Siemensstrasse 20 D 64289 Darmstadt Kranicshstein Telephone 06151 7080 Fax 06151 79102 Japan Spectra Physics K K East Regional Office Daiwa Nakameguro Building 4 6 1 Nakameguro Meguro ku Tokyo 153 Telephone 03 3794 5511 Fax 03 3794 5510 All European and Middle Eastern countries in this region not included elsewhere on this list 9 3 Stabilite 2018 Service Centers cont United Kingdom Spectra Physics Ltd Boundary Way Hemel Hempstead Herts HP2 7SH Telephone 01442 25 81 00 Fax 01442 68 538 United States and Export Countries Spectra Physics Lasers 1330 Terra Bella Avenue Post Office Box 7013 Mountain View CA 94039 7013 Telephone 1 800 456 2552 Service 1 800 SPL LASER Sales or 1 800 775 5273 Sales or 1 650 961 2550 Operator Fax 1 650 964 3584 All countries in this region not included elsewhere on this list 9 4 Notes Stabilite 2018 Notes Stabilite 2018 Notes Stabilite 2018 Spectra Physics Lasers User s Manual Problems and Solutions We have provided this form to encourage you to tell us about any difficulties you have experienced in using your Spectra Physics Lasers instrument or its manual problems that did not require a for mal call or letter to our service department but that you feel should be remedied We are always in terested in improving our produ
6. Fill Status Indicator When the FILL STATUS indicator is off the tube plasma level inside the tube i e the quantity of gas is within the normal operating range When the indicator is on the tube plasma level has dropped below normal and a fill is in process When the indicator is blinking the plasma level is below normal and a fill has been attempted but the system cannot fill the tube for some reason If this ever occurs immediately turn off the laser and contact your Spectra Physics Lasers service representative Switches and Controls Key switch provides limited access to the laser and provides a means to turn on the laser When set to PLASMA ON both the emission LED next to the switch and the white light on the laser head turn on to indicate emis sion is imminent Laser output will occur in approximately 15 seconds due to the CDRH safety delay MODE switch selects the laser control mode The CURrent setting maintains constant tube discharge current This is the mode most often used The POWER setting maintains constant optical output power Power RANGE switch sets the full scale reading on the remote control meter to 2 W or 10 W when the METER switch see below is set to WATTS If the MODE switch is set to POWER the output power of the laser adjusts to reflect the meter setting if set to CURrent the meter reflects the present laser output power Note if the METER switch is changed from 10 W to 2 W for example and th
7. Adjust the prism vertically and horizontally for maximum power at the interchange wavelength of 647 nm Remove the prism and replace its protective cap Install the broadband mirror Operation Wavelength Selection Using a Prism The prism assembly contains both a prism and a flat high reflector The prism disperses the laser beam bending individual lines according to their wavelength A line will oscillate if its angle of refraction through the prism matches the vertical rotation angle of the prism As you adjust the prism vertically the angle at which the beam strikes the prism changes and with it the wavelength of the oscillating line When changing from one wavelength to another remember to set the WAVELENGTH nm switch on the laser head rear panel accordingly Setting the Aperture for TEM Output Well defined variations in the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field perpendicular to the direction of travel of the beam are called trans verse electromagnetic TEM modes These variations determine in part the power distribution across the beam Many laser applications require a TEMog beam which appears as a round spot that is brighter in the center than it is on its edges Figure 5 1 Other modes have different irradiance contours and are identified by the number of nulls in the irradiance distribution The mode pattern for a given laser is a function of wavelength and can be affected by the size of the aperture
8. It can be a real key lock a removable computer disk a password that limits access to computer control software or similar implement The laser must be capable of operation only when the key is present and in the on position Emission Indicator to indicate that laser energy is or can be accessible It can be a power on lamp computer display or similar indicator on the control equipment It need not be marked as an emission indicator so long as its function is obvious Its presence is required on any control panel that affects laser output Remote Interlock Connector to prevent laser operation when the remote control device is removed A jumper between pins 23 and 24 on the RE MOTE connector is required for operation 0 39 uW for continuous wave operation where output is limited to the 400 to 1400 nm range 2 5 Stabilite 2018 Operation with the Prism Cover Off Danger If the prism assembly is installed with its cover off a portion of the in aye Dongen tracavity beam is reflected upward from each face of the prism Figure 2 5 Avoid eye contact with these beams 4 Reflected 7 4 Beams ry Intracavity p Mirror Figure 2 5 A portion of the intracavity beam is reflected upward from each face of the prism 2 6 Laser Safety Radiation Control Drawings Siabilite 2018 6 Laser Head lt j Ce l i gl P d 15 19 sone aw STE Model 2670 Remote
9. Visible Visible Laser Laser Pumping Transition Transition Transition E2 N 4s E i 5 Art P 15 75 eV lonizing Transition 3p Ar i ground a b Figure 1 2 A typical four level laser transition scheme a compared to that of visible argon b One electron collision ionizes neutral argon and a second pumps the ion to an excited state 1 3 Stabilite 2018 A photon of frequency vj excites or pumps an atom from E to E If the E to E transition probability is greater than that of E to E4 and if E is unstable the atom will decay almost immediately to E If E3 is metastable i e atoms that occupy it have a relatively long lifetime the population will grow rapidly as excited atoms cascade from above The E atom will eventually decay to Es emitting a photon of frequency vz Finally if Es is unstable its atoms will rapidly return to the ground state E keeping the population of E small and reducing the rate of absorption of v2 In this way the population of E is kept large and that of E remains low thus es tablishing a population inversion between E and Es Under these condi tions the absorption coefficient at v becomes negative Light is amplified as it passes through the material which is now called an active medium and the greater the population inversion the greater the gain A four level scheme has a distinct advantage over three level systems where E is both the origin of the pumping
10. scratches on the mirrors or dust on the optical surfaces The Stabilite 2018 employs a lever operated aperture plate containing 10 aperture sizes labeled 1 through 10 which allows you to tune to TEM po Aperture 1 has the smallest diameter aperture 10 the largest The setting marked O is not an aperture but is wide open Typically an aperture setting from 5 to 8 will produce TEMgo output at 514 5 nm a setting from 2 to 6 will produce TEMqq output at 488 0 nm Table 5 1 lists the actual aperture diameters The Stabilite 2018 is shipped with the broadband high reflector installed To get a TEM0q output at a single line you must install the prism assembly and select the proper aperture Refer to Removing and Installing Mirror Holders above for instructions on changing optics 5 5 Stabilite 2018 Figure 5 1 Transverse Modes 5 6 Operation Table 5 1 Aperture Diameters Aperture Number Diameter mm in 1 1 93 076 2 2 06 081 3 2 16 085 4 2 24 088 5 2 31 091 6 2 39 094 7 2 46 097 8 2 54 100 9 2 64 104 10 2 74 108 O 3 81 150 Viewing the Mode Yo vation however lenses can be used to expand the beam making observa u may find it difficult to identify the mode of a beam by direct obser tion of irradiance distribution easier Danger Laser Radiation The Stabilite 2018 is a Class IV laser therefore the beam whether di rect or reflected is a safe
11. 1 Insert a hex driver in the coarse horizontal adjustment of the high reflector 2 Monitor output power while you turn the control Turn it back and forth until output power is as high as possible 3 Similarly adjust the vertical coarse control 4 Repeat these adjustments first turning one control then the other back and forth until the power reaches its maximum 8 3 Stabilite 2018 5 Repeat this procedure using the fine mirror adjustments Note the out put power Walking the Mirrors to Assure Maximum Power Ca 7 Figure 8 3 Misaligned Mirrors Allow Lasing at Reduced Power Figure 8 3 illustrates an arrangement of cavity mirrors that will allow lasing but with reduced output A slight tilt of the high reflector compensates for a similar tilt of the output coupler The resulting beam is skewed with re spect to the resonator axis and the plasma tube bore Under these condi tions the laser can be peaked but the output will be less than optimum because part of the beam is obstructed by the bore walls and or the aper ture Walking the mirrors is a trial and error procedure that assures optimum mirror alignment The goal is to align the intracavity beam with the reso nator axis by making small adjustments of the high reflector and matching them with adjustments of the output coupler By observing the change in output power as you move the mirrors you will find the optimal align ment position
12. 3 Stabilite 2018 laser head safety interlock key emission indicator shutter and aperture 2 3 Stabilite 2018 The laser head cover cannot be replaced until the safety interlock key has been removed Shut off the laser before removing the interlock key and or replacing the cover Pulling up the power supply cover interlock switch Figure 2 4 allows the power supply to operate with its cover removed Be extremely careful to avoid contact with high voltage if operating the system with the cover off Safety interlock switch shown in defeated pulled up position Figure 2 4 Power supply safety interlock switch Maintenance Necessary to Keep this Laser Product in Compliance with Center for Devices and Radiological Health CDRH Regulations 2 4 This laser product complies with Title 21 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations Chapter 1 Subchapter J Parts 1040 10 and 1040 11 as applicable To maintain compliance with these regulations once a year or whenever the product has been subjected to adverse environmental conditions e g fire flood mechanical shock spilled solvent check to see that all features of the product identified on the radiation control drawing Figure 2 6 properly Also make sure that all warning labels remain firmly attached 1 Verify that removing the AUX INTLK plug from the Model 2670 remote control prevents laser operation Laser Safety 2 Verify that the laser will only opera
13. Clear To Send 5 RTS DSR 6 6 Data Set Ready 6 DTR DCD 8 1 Data Carrier Detect 8 DCD DTR 20 4 Data Terminal Ready 20 DSR 7 5 Signal Ground 7 1 SHELL Protective Ground 1 Data Transfer and Handshaking 6 14 The RS 232 C serial interface operates in the full duplex mode data may be sent and received simultaneously To synchronize data transmissions with the host system the CI implements a simple hardware handshaking protocol and monitors and controls the interface signals in the manner de scribed below Interface signals are named relative to the DTE device Data Terminal Ready DTC and Request To Send RTS the CI checks both of these lines when it has response data to send It sends data only when both signals are high 1 Data Set Ready DSR Clear To Send CTS and Data Carrier Detect DCD the CI keeps these lines high at all times thus it is always ready to receive commands from the host system Message Formats Command Format Computer Interface Information in this section applies for both the IEEE 488 and RS 232 C in terfaces The commands as shown earlier are strings of ASCII characters the com puter or terminal sends the CI The string consists of the command word and one or two data elements lt command word gt lt data gt lt LF gt lt command word gt lt data gt lt data gt lt LF gt For each command word the CI expects to find appropriate data or key word eleme
14. Control Water Out Water In A A Output End View Rear Panel View 1 Certification amp Identification Label 14 Top Cover Protective Housing 2 Danger Class IV Warning Logo Label 15 Configuration Label 3 Aperture Label 16 Patent Label 4 Danger Interlocked Housing Label 17 Remote Connector Includes Interlock 5 Danger When Open Label 18 Interlock Shorting Cap 6 Danger Cavity Seal Label 19 Serial Label Remote Control 7 Aperture Shutter Beam Diameter Label 20 Key Switch On Off 8 Ground Label 21 Emission Indicator Light Remote Control 9 Lightning Bolt Label Large 22 Caution High Voltage Label 10 European High Voltage Label 23 Lightning Bolt Label Small 11 Head Cover Interlock Switch 24 CE Aperture Label 12 Emission Indicator Light Laser Head 25 European Conformity Label 13 Mechanical Shutter Figure 2 6 Stabilite 2018 Radiation Control Drawing Labels Next Page 2 7 Stabilite 2018 SPECTRA PHYSICS LASERS P O BOX 7013 MT VIEW CALIFORNIA 94023 7013 MANUFACTURED MONTH YR MODEL S N THIS LASER PRODUCT COMPLIES WITH 21 CFR 1040 AS APPLICABLE MADE IN U S A VISIBLE ANDIOR SI LASER TION AVOID EYE OR RAR ATION TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION CLASS 4 LASER PRODUCT ARGON KRYPTON MAXIMUM OUTPUT 20 W SEE MANUAL 0451 8140 Certification and Identification Label 1 CE Danger Class IV Warning Label 2 SEE MANUAL
15. Lasers maintains major service centers in the United States Europe and Japan Additionally there are field service offices in major United States cities When calling for service inside the United States dial our toll free number 1 800 456 2552 To phone for service in other countries refer to the Service Centers listing located at the end of this section Order replacement parts directly from Spectra Physics Lasers For order ing or shipping instructions or for assistance of any kind contact your nearest sales office or service center You will need your instrument model and serial numbers available when you call Service data or shipping in structions will be promptly supplied To order optional items or other system components or for general sales assistance dial 1 800 SPL LASER in the United States or 1 650 961 2550 from anywhere else This warranty supplements the warranty contained in the specific sales order In the event of a conflict between documents the terms and condi tions of the sales order shall prevail The Stabilite 2018 system is protected by an 18 month 2000 hour warran ty All mechanical electronic and optical parts and assemblies including plasma tubes are unconditionally warranted to be free of defects in work manship and material for the warranty period 9 1 Stabilite 2018 Liability under this warranty is limited to repairing replacing or giving credit for the purchase price of any equi
16. PHYSICS LASERS 018 JA 94039 7013 208 V 8 50 60 Hz Safety Optional Model 2670 WR Optional Ground RS 232 C REMOTE Control IEEE 488 Power SUPPLY Lug Connector Connector Connector STATUS LED et Crees i 1 COREA ey Umbilical INPUT WATER IN WATER TO Attachment POWER Connector HEAD Cable Connector Figure 4 1 The Model 2550 Power Supply Control Panel To attach the umbilical to the power supply connect the large and small plugs of the umbilical to their respective connectors on the power supply control panel 1 Insert the smaller plug into the lower connector and rotate the main core until its keys line up with those in the connector and the plug begins to make the connection Next twist the outer shell clockwise about turn to complete the connection and to lock the plug in place 2 Insert the larger plug into the upper connector and rotate the main core until its key slot aligns with the tab at the top of the connector Then push the plug in so that it begins to make the connection As you do this screw the outer shell clockwise This pulls the plug into place to complete the connection and locks the plug in place Disconnecting the Laser Head Umbilical from the Power Supply To detach the umbilical from the power supply simply disconnect the large and small umbilical plugs Turn both plug she
17. Warning i Do not hold onto the holder assembly as you remove the optic you can damage the spring Place the mirror in its protective case A Spectra Physics Lasers part number and an arrow appear on the edge of each mirror The arrow points to the coated side Insert a new mirror into the holder so the arrow points into the laser cavity Install the mirror holder Adjust the high reflector vertically and horizontally for maximum power Interchanging the Broadband High Reflector and Prism Assembly 5 4 Warning M Optics are fragile and can be damaged if dropped Work over a clean dust free soft surface Be sure the laser is warmed up and stable before proceeding To change from a broadband mirror to the prism assembly l Adjust the high reflector vertically and horizontally for maximum broadband power Remove the broadband high reflector holder Keep the mirror covered or place it in its container when it is not be ing used to protect it from dust and contamination Install the prism assembly Remove the protective cap from the prism assembly then install it just like a standard mirror assembly Adjust the prism vertically and horizontally for maximum power Because the broadband high reflector was optimized perpendicular to the beam the prism assembly should lase at the factory set inter change wavelength of 647 1 nm To change from the prism assembly to the broadband mirror 1
18. at the laser head Water hoses provide cooling water to the laser head The hoses are not removable at the laser head Controls Indicators and Connections Foot Adjustment The laser head rests on four adjustable feet The head can be raised or lowered by loosening the threaded clamping ring under the bottom cover and screwing the feet in or out from the inside of the laser using a 5 33 in ball driver The clamping ring is then tightened to lock the foot in place after the height is adjusted The Wavelength Selection Switch WAVELENGTH nm switch calibrates the light pick off assembly so the power meter remains accurate at different wavelengths Whenever changing wavelenghts always set the switch to match the chosen wavelength in nm Change the setting by pressing the up down push buttons The switch is located below the umbilical on the rear panel The Model 2670 Remote Control The Model 2550 power supply is controlled via analog and TTL level logic signals through the REMOTE connector on the power supply A de scription of the pin assignments and signal requirements for the REMOTE connector is provided later in this chapter The Model 2670 remote control Figure 3 4 is designed to control and monitor these signals and it is included as part of your system e te WATER cSament COVER INTERLOCK STATUS CURREI REMO S spectra Physics if Figure 3 4 The Model 2670 Remote Control Interloc
19. control remains in the control loop as part of the sys tem and the computer is selected through it by setting the CONTROL switch to the IEEE 488 RS 232 position However if the computer is to control the system directly without the Model 2670 remote control in the loop the remote jumper plug included with the CI must be attached to the REMOTE connector on the power supply in lieu of the Model 2670 6 1 Stabilite 2018 Refer to Chapter 2 Laser Safety CDRH Requirements for a Custom Re mote Control or for Operation with the Optional Model 2680 Computer Interface for information pertinent to the safe use of the laser when the remote module is not used Computer Control Functions Installation 6 2 Through the CI the computer can e turn the plasma tube current on and off e select current or light regulation e set and monitor the tube current or light output level e select the 2 W or 10 W power range and e monitor the tube fill pressure the interlock and overcurrent status lines and the 5 Vdc internal reference RS232C IEEE 488 Connector Connector Model 2470 WR Remote Control Connector REMOTE SUPPLY STATUS Power Supply Status LED INPUT POWER WATER IN WATER TO HEAD OO Figure 6 1 Model 2550 Power Supply Connector Panel Usually the Model 2680 computer interface is ordered when the laser is ordered and is installed and tested at the factory It may howev
20. depends on the flux of the incident wave and a characteristic of the tran sition called its cross section It can also be shown that the transition cross section is the same regardless of direction Therefore the absorption coefficient depends only on the difference between the populations in volved N and No and the flux of the incident wave Introduction When a material is at thermal equilibrium a Boltzmann distribution of its atoms over the array of available energy levels exists with nearly all atoms in the ground state Since the rate of absorption of all frequencies exceeds that of emission the absorption coefficient at any frequency is positive If enough light of frequency v is supplied the populations can be shifted until Ns N4 Under these conditions the rates of absorption and stimulated emission are equal and the absorption coefficient at frequency v is zero If the transition scheme is limited to two energy levels it is impossible to drive the populations involved beyond equality that is N can never exceed N because every upward transition is matched by one in the oppo site direction However if three or more energy levels are employed and if their rela tionship satisfies certain requirements described below additional excita tion can create a population inversion in which No gt N4 A model four level laser transition scheme is depicted in Figure 1 2 a E4 A Es 4p
21. events and send data to the controller e g digital voltmeters They talk to the controller Converse ly listeners are output devices that listen to the controller and send sig nals from it to the real world e g digital to analog converters DACs Talker listeners operate in both directions and the CI is just such a device When the CI is properly programmed the controller will execute data transfers to and from it via the IEEE 488 bus Command strings sent from the controller to the CI need to be terminated by a comma or line feed lt LF gt Unlike some IEEE 488 interfaces the CI does not require the END command to terminate messages to it refer to Message Formats below Nevertheless to conform with controllers programmed to recognize the END command the CI sends it to terminate all data transfers from the CI Remote Reset The CI can be reset to the power on default state any time by sending it either a Device CLear DCL or Select Device Clear SDC bus message or InterFace Clear IFC bus reset Refer to Power supply On Default Condi tion above and to your controller s user manual for details 0 5 seconds to reinitialize Therefore the controller must not send mes sages to the CI during this time Programs will require a delay routine immediately following any reset command Note g After receiving a DCL or SDC command or IFC signal the CI takes about Serial Poll Status Byte
22. or methanol lower grade reagents may lead to contaminateion of or damage to Caution w Only use spectrophotometric grade acetone and or methanol Using optical coatings based film on the surface being cleaned If this occurs follow the meth anol wipe with an acetone wipe to remove the film As always use fresh solvent from a bottle with little air in it Note g Methanol tends to clean better but if not fresh may deposit a water General Procedures for Cleaning Optics The laser should be on and stable Remove clean and replace one optic at a time maximizing laser output power after each optic is cleaned Use clean finger cots to protect all intracavity components including the coat ed mirror surface Do not allow the cavity to remain open for very long The intracavity pas sive catalyst that reduces O3 in the cavity will become contaminated and therefore ineffective Keep the output coupler and high reflector locked in place and make sure the tubular cavity seals are in place Following these simple rules will ensure a long catalyst life The high reflector can be left in its holder for cleaning However the output coupler OC and the beam splitter must be removed from their holders to clean the second surface 1 Use a squeeze bulb dry nitrogen or canned air to clean away any dust or grit before cleaning optics with solvent Drop and Drag 2 Whenever possible clean the optic using the drop and d
23. ora ilari 8 5 Replacement PATS icia Ta e eee alia palace an 8 7 Chapter 9 Customer Service 00 ccc cece eee eee eee eee eee eee 9 1 Walraniyise piani dA eee paral Aa dl ii qa 9 1 Warranty Return Procedure cece teen tee e eee eee 9 2 Service Centers sferra odio edi was ala labiale dA ate pina sees 9 3 vii Stabilite 2018 List of Figures viii Figure 1 1 Figure 1 2 Figure 1 3 Figure 1 4 Figure 1 7 Figure 2 1 Figure 2 2 Figure 2 3 Figure 2 4 Figure 2 5 Figure 2 6 Figure 3 1 Figure 3 2 Figure 3 3 Figure 3 4 Figure 3 5 Figure 3 6 Figure 4 1 Figure 4 2 Figure 5 1 Figure 6 1 Figure 6 2 Figure 6 3 Figure 6 4 Figure 6 5 Figure 7 1 Figure 7 2 Figure 7 3 Figure 7 4 Figure 7 5 Figure 8 1 Figure 8 2 Figure 8 3 Figure 8 4 Electrons occupy distinct orbitals defined by the probability of finding an electron at a given position the shape of the orbital being determined by the radial and angular dependence of the probability 1 2 A typical four level laser transition scheme a compared to that of visible argon b One electron collision ionizes neutral argon and a second pumps the ion to an excited state eet 1 3 Energy Levels of the 4p 4s Argon lon Laser Transitions 0 0 ee eee eeee 1 5 Relative output power behavior of singly and doubly ionized argon transitions 1 7 Outline DRAWINGS 32k arl aa
24. s pupil remains constricted reducing the possibility of damage Post prominent warning signs near the laser operation area Figure 2 1 Set up experiments so the laser beam is either above or below eye level Provide enclosures for beam paths whenever possible Set up shields to prevent unnecessary specular reflections 2 1 Stabilite 2018 2 2 Caution W e Set up an energy absorbing target to capture the laser beam prevent ing unnecessary reflections or scattering Figure 2 2 VISIBLE AND OR INVISIBLE SER RADIATION AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION CLASS 4 LASER PRODUCT ARGON KRYPTON MAXIMUM OUTPUT 20 W SEE MANUAL 0451 8140 VISIBLE amp INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION RAYONNEMENT LASER VISIBLE ET INVISIBLE EXPOSITION DANGEREUSE DE L OEIL OU DE LA PEAU AU RAYONNEMENT DIRECT OU DIFFUS LASER DE CLASSE 4 ARGON KRYPTON PUISSANCE MAXIMUM 20 W ARGON KRYPTON 20 W CLASS IV LASER PRODUCT VOIR MANUEL D UTILISATION Figure 2 1 These CE and CDRH standard safety warning labels would be appropriate for use as entry warning signs EN 60825 1 ANSI 4 3 10 1 Figure 2 2 Folded Metal Beam Target Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure Follow the instructions contained in this manual for s
25. serves as the outer jacket for the water cooling system where it provides high thermal conductivity and excellent rigidity The brass material cylindrical configuration and helical flow of the cooling wa ter create a thermal short preventing the occurrence of thermal gradi ents that might otherwise distort the resonator The output coupler and high reflector are mounted in mirror plates at tached to the ends of the resonator The high reflector plate features inter changeable broadband optic and prism assemblies for single line or multiline operation To avoid the disruptive effects of stress and vibration on the optical cavity the resonator is mechanically isolated from its environment The feet and base of the laser head support the magnet while two o rings one at each end decouple the resonator from the magnet This unique stable resonator design allows the output of the Stabilite 2018 to be optimized using only two controls the fine horizontal and vertical controls on the high reflector mirror plate These controls allow the user to maintain optimal mirror alignment and when the prism assembly is installed the course vertical control allows the single line wavelength range to be scanned The metal ceramic and Q M Endbells construction of the plasma tube are possible due to Spectra Physics Lasers clean room manufacturing practices This design results in a rugged reliable high performance plas ma tube Inside t
26. sole responsibility that the Stabilite 2018 Argon Krypton lon Laser System with a Model 2550 Power Supply and a Model 2670 Remote Control Manufactured after May 1 1997 meet the intent of Directive 73 23 EEC the Low Voltage directive Compliance was demonstrated to the following specifications as listed in the official Journal of the European Communities EN 61010 1 1993 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory Use EN 60825 1 1993 Safety for Laser Products I the undersigned hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directives and Standards pee Steve Sheng Vice President and General Manager Spectra Physics Lasers Inc Scientific and Industrial Systems May 1 1997 Laser Safety Sources for Additional Information The following are some sources for additional information on laser safety standards and safety equipment and training Laser Safety Standards Safe Use of Lasers Z136 1 American National Standards Institute ANSI 11 West 42 Street New York NY 10036 Tel 212 642 4900 A Guide for Control of Laser Hazards American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists ACGIH 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive Cincinnati OH 45240 Tel 513 742 2020 Laser Safety Guide Laser Institute of America 12424 Research Pkwy Suite 125 Orlando FL 32826 Tel 407 380 1553 Equipment and Training Laser Focus World Buye
27. supply any optional optics that were ordered You will need to supply several items including spectrophotometric grade HPLC acetone and methanol for optics cleaning clean lint free finger cots or powder less latex gloves for optics cleaning Chapter 1 Introduction A Brief Review of lon Laser Theory Emission and Absorption of Light Laser is an acronym derived from Light Amplification by Stimulated Emis sion of Radiation Thermal radiators such as the sun emit light in all di rections the individual photons having no definite relationship with one another But because the laser is an oscillating amplifier of light and because its output comprises photons that are identical in phase direction and amplitude it is unique among light sources Its output beam is singularly directional intense monochromatic and coherent Radiant emission and absorption take place within the atomic or molecular structure of materials The contemporary model of atomic structure de scribes an electrically neutral system composed of a nucleus with one or more electrons bound to it Each electron occupies a distinct orbital that represents the probability of finding the electron at a given position rela tive to the nucleus Each orbital has a characteristic shape that is defined by the radial and angular dependence of that probability e g all s orbitals are spherically symmetrical and all p orbitals surround the x y and z axes of the nucl
28. surface before cleaning it with solvent Perma nent damage may occur if dust scratches the coating Use spectrophotometric grade HPLC solvents Don t try to remove contamination with a cleaning solvent that may leave other impurities behind Use powder free clean latex gloves or finger cots Use Kodak Lens Cleaning Paper or equivalent to clean optics and plasma tube windows Use each piece only once a dirty tissue merely redistributes contamination it does not remove it Do not use lens tissue that is designated for cleaning eye glasses Such tissue contains silicones These molecules bind themselves to the mir ror coatings and window quartz and can cause permanent damage Also do not use cotton swabs e g Q Tips Solvents dissolve the glue that is used to fasten the cotton to the stick and the result is con taminated coatings Only use photographic lens tissue to clean optical components Some of the following are supplied in the accessory kit dry nitrogen canned air or rubber squeeze bulb plastic hemostat 1 16 in hex driver clean new finger cots or powder free latex gloves Kodak Lens Cleaning Paper or equivalent Do not use a metal hemostat or forceps for cleaning optics or windows There is danger of electrocution when using these instruments in side the laser head Use the plastic hemostat provided Maintenance Cleaning Solutions Required e spectrophotometric grade HPLC acetone
29. terface Pin out and electrical specifications for this interface are listed in Chapter 6 Note however that repair for power supply damage resulting from the use of a remote control device other than the Model 2670 or the optional Model 2680 computer interface is not covered under warranty Optional Model 2680 Computer Interface The optional Model 2680 computer interface provides standard digital control either through the serial RS 232 C or the parallel IEEE 488 inter faces This allows the system to be operated remotely using either a com puter or a terminal Stabilite 2018 Specifications Introduction Table 1 1 Laser Performance Specifications Output characteristics All Lines Output Power Single Line Output Power nm 647 1 568 2 530 9 520 8 514 5 488 0 476 5 Specification 2 5 W 300 mW 150 mW 200 mW 100 mW 250 mW 250 mW 150 mW Beam Diameter at 1 2 points Beam Divergence full angle Polarization Noise Current Mode Power Mode Stability5 Current Mode Power Mode Beam Pointing Stability 1 8mm 10 0 70 mrad 10 gt 100 1 vertical lt 0 5 rms lt 0 5 rms 1 0 0 5 lt 7 5 urad C Due to our continuous product improvement program specifications may change without notice 2 Specification for 647 1 nm krypton For other wavelengths assuming no change in optical configuration the diameter is given by dia diaz VAi Ad 3 Data is for 514 5 nm for arg
30. the status byte Each IEEE 488 controller manufacturer has its own way of querying the input device for the serial status byte Refer to your IEEE 488 con troller hardware manual for samples of BASIC statements that can be used The following is a BASIC statement used by the O Tech Personal 488 GPIB Controller Card Print 1 SPOLL Input 2 A RS 232 C Interface Operation Computer Interface Print is a BASIC output statement The controller attached to the CI has been designated device 1 for output SPOLL is the SPE command that causes its controller to request a status byte Refer to your IEEE 488 con troller manual for specific I O device setup information and command lan guage Input is a BASIC input statement The controller attached to the CI has been designated device 2 for input even though only one controller card is likely to be used for both input and output The requested status byte is read into the IEEE 488 controller as BASIC variable A The RS 232 C interface standard classifies serial I O devices as either Data Terminal Equipment DTE or Data Communications Equipment DCE The standard further identifies a serial connector as a 25 pin D sub type with the pins providing various data and control signals When IBM in troduced the IBM PC AT they introduced a new serial port standard this time using a 9 pin D sub connector This made some sense because serial devices rarely used
31. this Spectra Physics Lasers manual Quantity Unit Abbreviation angle radian rad area square meter m2 capacitance farad F electric charge coulomb C electric current ampere A electric potential volt V energy joule J force newton N frequency hertz Hz inductance henry H length meter m luminous intensity candela cd magnetic flux weber Wb magnetic flux density tesla T mass gram g power watt W pressure pascal Pa resistance ohm Q temperature kelvin K time second Ss volume cubic meter ms Prefixes tera 1012 T deci 10 1 d nano 109 n giga 109 G centi 10 2 c pico 10 12 p mega 106 M milli 103 m femto 10 15 f kilo 108 k micro 10 wu atto 10 18 a xiii Warning W Unpacking and Inspection Your laser was packed with great care and its containers inspected prior to shipment It left Spectra Physics Lasers in good condition Upon receiving your laser immediately inspect the outside of the shipping containers If there is any major damage holes in the containers or cracked wooden frame members insist that a representative of the carrier be present when you unpack the contents Carefully inspect your laser as you unpack it If you notice any damage such as dents or scratches on the cover or broken knobs immediately notify the carrier and your Spectra Physics Lasers sales representative Keep the shipping containers If you file a damage claim you may need the containers to demonstrate that the damage occur
32. transition and the terminus of the lasing transition In the four level arrangement the first atom that is pumped contributes to the population inversion whereas over half of the atoms must be pumped from E before an inversion is established in the three level system In commercial laser designs the source of excitation energy is usually opti cal or electrical arc lamps are often employed to pump solid state lasers the output of one laser can be used to pump another e g a liquid dye laser is often pumped by an ion laser and an electric discharge is generally used to excite a gaseous media like argon or krypton Argon as an Excitation Medium The properties of argon are probably the best understood of all the ionized gas laser media Its transition scheme is similar to the model in Figure 1 2 b and its visible energy level diagram is depicted in Figure 1 3 The neutral atom is pumped to the 4p energy level the origin of the lasing trans ition by two collisions with electrons The first ionizes the atom and the second excites the ion from its ground state E either directly to the 4p energy level E3 or to Ey from which it cascades almost immediately to 4p The 4p ions will eventually decay to 4s E2 emitting a photon either spontaneously or when stimulated to do so by a photon of equivalent ener gy The wavelength of the photon depends on the specific energy levels involved but it will be between 400 and 600 nm The ion deca
33. water on both sides of the screen Carefully slip the screen back into place with your finger being care ful not to push against the screen Make sure it is securely seated Install the inlet hose Open the return line then slowly turn on the water while checking for leaks This completes the procedure for cleaning the filter screen Chapter 8 Service and Repair Vertical Search Alignment Procedure Danger Laser Radiation If your instrument fails to lase the most likely source of the problem is a severely misaligned high reflector The following technique allows you to readily restore lasing 1 Zi ORIO Shut off the laser Remove the top cover from the laser head and install the interlock defeat key Open the shutter Open the aperture fully O on the scale Restart the laser and allow it a few minutes to warm up again Use an Allen driver to turn the coarse vertical adjustment lower screw two turns counterclockwise Perform vertical search alignment Figure 8 1 a Grasp the search bar on the left side of the mirror plate with your left hand and use a second Allen driver to turn the horizontal coarse adjust top right screw Rock the mirror plate quickly while simultaneously turning the coarse horizontal adjustment very slowly b Keep rocking and scanning until you observe a bright flash of laser light When the beam flashes stop turning the horizontal control Turn the vertical adjustme
34. 0 2 or 0 10 W scales depending on the position of the RANGE switch For the 5 minutes following main power turn on the system must be allowed to warm up before the POWER readings can be considered accu rate This allows the temperature stabilized photodiode in the power feedback loop to reach operating temperature This circuit remains stabi lized as long as the main power is on Turning the key switch on or off has no effect Rear Panel Connectors 3 8 MONITOR REMOTE MODULATION 7 0 000000000000 FYN So AUX INTLK Figure 3 5 Rear panel connections on the Model 2670 remote control MONITOR BNC provides a means to remotely monitor the Model 2670 meter reading It provides 0 to 5 Vac that is proportional to the panel meter reading depending on the position of the METER and RANGE switches as shown in this table METER Switch Range Switch 0 5 V dc Represents AMPS N A 0 50A WATTS 2 W 0 2 W WATTS 10W 0 10 W VOLTS N A 0 300 V REMOTE 37 pin D Sub provides connection for the control cable that attaches the Model 2670 to the REMOTE connector on the power supply Table 3 2 lists the pin assignments and describes the signal requirements in the event a user supplied remote unit is used MODULATION BNC allows laser output to be modulated by a signal applied to this connector Modulation specifications are listed in the chart below Controls Indicators and Connections Category Spe
35. 2 Chapter 2 Laser Safety isriuii sd eae anita ra 2 1 Precautions for the Safe Operation of Class IV High Power Lasers cece eee 2 1 Laser Head and Power Supply Cover InterlockS 0 0 cece eee ccc eect teenies 2 3 Maintenance Required to Keep this Laser Product in Compliance with Center for Devices and Radiological Health CDRH Regulations 2 4 CDRH Requirements for a Custom Remote Control or for Operation with the Optional Model 2680 Computer Interface 0 0 ccc cee cece eee 2 5 Radiation Control DrawingS c cece eee nett eens 2 6 EC Declaration of Conformity 00 0 escent ee enna 2 8 Sources for Additional Information 2 9 Laser Safety Standards cece cee eee eee eee 2 9 Equipment and Training xi orig af ated patedd ale trio let ei sates phic df whee VR bed 2 9 Stabilite 2018 Chapter 3 Controls Indicators and Connections 3 1 System GontrolSs strict heehee nhes ideare SOAP RRO So ALO Le eea deren aree Phebe spa 3 1 The Stabilite 2018 Laser Head nt e ee eee ees 3 1 OUTPUT ENG ts iii iaia iii 3 1 Gontrol Panel s reiterati 3 3 Foot Adjustment a eten di lie ale ie ale ea id eine as 3 5 The Wavelength Selection Switch 3 5 The Model 2670 Remote Control 3 5 Interlock Status Indicators lg lin RES ati Re cee Races Rhee Ri 3 5 FilliStatus Indicatoraa cris peace tiara ties AEE Aaa ALEAN 3 7 Switches and Controls 3 7
36. 300 310 320 330 340 CLS PRINT MODEL 2550 TEST OPEN COM 78N2D FOR OUTPUT AS 1 PRINT 1 PRINT 1 WRITE 6 4 PRINT 1 WRITE 7 1 PRINT 1 CONFIGURE 6 OUT NON PRINT 1 CONFIGURE 7 OUT NON PRINT 1 SET 1 255 PRINT 1 WRITE 7 0 GOSUB 310 PRINT 1 SET 1 100 GOSUB 310 PRINT 1 SET 1 255 GOSUB 310 FOR X 1 to 400 PRINT 1 SET 1 255 FOR Y 1 to 25 NEXT Y PRINT 1 SET 1 100 FOR Y 1 to 25 NEXT Y NEXT X PRINT 1 SET 1 255 GOSUB 310 PRINT 1 WRITE 7 1 GOSUB 310 GOSUB 310 GOTO 110 FOR X 1 to 21700 NEXT X RETURN END Computer Interface Initialize RS 232 port to 4800 baud 8 bit character no parity 2 stop bits XON XOFF disabled Clear Cl RS 232 port Initialize Cl port 6 Initialize Cl port 7 Configure Cl port 6 Configure Cl port 7 Set current control high Turn on plasma Wait 1 min Set current control low Wait 1 min Set current control high Wait 1 min Start 1 min modulation Set current control high Delay Set current control low Delay End modulation loop Set current control high Wait 1 min Turn off plasma Wait 2 min Repeat 7 min cycle 1 min delay subroutine 6 17 Stabilite 2018 6 18 Chapter 7 Maintenance The condition of the environment and the amount of time the laser is used will affect your periodic maintenance schedule Optics will obviously stay clean much longer if
37. 5 V at 500 mA max for customer use 12 V at 50 mA max for customer use 12 V at 50 mA max for customer use If the automatic gas fill circuit is filling the plasma tube the output is inactive high If the tube cannot be filled because the gas reservoir is empty the output is re peatedly pulled low and high 1 Hz square wave When the output is held constantly low it indicates that the plasma tube is maintaining sufficient gas pressure If the laser is turned off the output is inactive high otherwise output is pulled low Return for pin 15 0 to 5 V current monitor output The laser is turned off automatically when this or any other system interlock is open an open system interlock is indicated when pin 9 10 11 12 or 13 of the REMOTE interface connector is inactive Once an open interlock has caused the laser to turn off the laser will remain off even after the interlock is closed again The laser may be restarted by a opening the key interlock removing the jumper between pins 24 and 25 for 15 sec then closing it again or b turning off and on the circuit breaker in the main power line Controls Indicators and Connections Table 3 2 Remote Interface Pin Assignments cont Pin 34 35 36 37 Name Power Monitor Return Volt REF Monitor Return Power Control Set Point Control Common Type Output Output Input Input Description Return for pin 16 0 to 5 V power monitor outpu
38. Rear Panel Connectors 00 cect etn nee n ete e eee ees 3 8 The Model 2550 Power Supply cece cece eee e eee teens 3 9 Power Supply REMOTE Interface Pin Assignments 0 2000 c cece eee eee eee 3 11 Chapter 4 Installation cilea aie ad awn rts ae aes adn aa 4 1 Placement of the Laser Head Power Supply and Remote Control 4 1 Connecting the Laser Head Umbilical to the Power Supply cece eee eee eee eee 4 2 Disconnecting the Laser Head Umbilical to the Power Supply cece eeeeeees 4 2 Connecting to the Water Supply 0 00 ete need eee eens 4 3 Cooling Water Requirements 0000 cece eect eee nett eden eee 4 3 Closed Loop Cooling Systems 000 ccd n ened 4 4 Gontrol Connections tire Ale 4 4 Installing the Model 2670 Remote Control 4 4 Installing the Computer Interface Cable e cece t teens 4 5 Using a User Supplied Control Device 0c cette netted 4 6 Laser Head INSPeCtiON s6 22 hecee he dente reibe Haare Peds abe dite ds ater diced ates bated seed 4 7 Adjusting the Height of the Laser Head 0 cece cette teen eee 4 7 Pre Operation Water Leak Tests 00 cece cee tee ened eee eee 4 7 Connecting to Electrical Service 4 8 Setting the Wavelength Selection Switch LL 4 8 Chapter 5 Operation lai ia 5 1 L aser Start Upiscrtic ia e Ria ei ie aloni de eee pinna 5 1 Adjusting for Maximum Output Power 000 cece ce
39. Stabilite 2018 Ion Laser User s Manual st 201g Spectra Physics Spectra Physics Lasers Stabilite 2018 Ion Laser User s Manual S Spectra Physics Spectra Physics Lasers 1335 Terra Bella Avenue Post Office Box 7013 Mountain View CA 94039 7013 Part Number 0000 253A Rev A January 1998 Preface This manual contains information you need in order to safely install align operate maintain and service your Stabilite 2018 laser system The sys tem comprises three elements the Stabilite 2018 laser head the Model 2550 power supply and the Model 2670 remote control The latter is a table top controller that is provided with the system for local control If computer control is required an optional Model 2680 computer interface is available The Introduction contains a brief description of the Stabilite 2018 system and includes a short section on laser theory regarding argon and krypton ion lasers The end of the chapter contains system specifications Following that section is an important chapter on laser safety The Stabi lite 2018 is a Class IV laser and as such emits laser radiation which can permanently damage eyes and skin This section contains information about these hazards and offers suggestions on how to safeguard against them To minimize the risk of injury or expensive repairs be sure to read this chapter then carefully follow these instructions The middle chapters descri
40. The CI responds to the IEEE 488 controller s Serial Poll Enable SPE message by returning a status byte indicating i the execution status of the last command received and ii the version number of the CI firmware used for factory diagnostic purposes Figure 6 4 shows the composition of the status byte This status byte is provided primarily to facilitate error masking and recovery This feature is standard on all IEEE 488 controllers 6 11 Stabilite 2018 6 12 Note 5 Most Least Significant Significant Bit Bit Firmware Version Command Operation Error Complete Figure 6 4 Diagram of the serial poll status byte indicating the func tion of each bit Bit 0 is high 1 after the CI finishes executing a command It is low 0 dur ing the execution of a command Bit 1 is high when the CI has finished executing a SAMPLE or READ com mand and response data is ready for output to the controller It is low after the CI has finished sending the response to the controller The SAMPLE and READ commands are defined in the Commands section above Bit 2 is high after an error is detected in the command line and the CI has aborted the command Bits 3 4 and 5 indicate the firmware version as a three bit binary number Bit 5 is the most significant bit Bits 6 and 7 are always zero The IEEE 488 controller performs a serial poll of the CI by executing an SPE command The CI will automatically respond by sending back
41. a user supplied unit If the Model 2680 was ordered at the time of pur chase it will already be installed Installing the Model 2670 Remote Control 4 4 1 Attach the cable from the Model 2670 remote control to the connector marked REMOTE on the control panel of the Model 2550 power sup ply This cable terminates in a polarized 37 pin D sub connector it can only go in one way Push it in until it seats then tighten the 2 screws to keep the cable from pulling loose during use 2 Place the remote control on the laser table so that it is easily accessed If a safety switch is to be used attach it to the auxiliary interlock AUX INTLK connector on the back of the remote control Installation If a door switch is to be used as part of the laser interlock system for example remove the jumper plug from the AUX INTLK connector and replace it with a plug that is wired to the safety switch The supplied jumper plug may be modified for this purpose by removing the short ing wire inside The switch must be wired so that it is normally closed during laser operation Opening the switch will turn off the laser If no safety switch is used verify the unmodified jumper plug is se cure in the AUX INTLK connector The system will not start without it Refer to Chapter 3 Controls Indicators and Connections for descriptions of the controls and functions of the Model 2670 remote control Refer to Chapter 5 Operation for inform
42. afe operation of your laser At all times during operation maintenance or service of your laser avoid unnecessary exposure to laser or collateral radiation that exceeds the accessible emission limits listed in Performance Standards for Laser Products United States Code of Federal Regulations 21CFR1040 10 d Any electronic product radiation except laser radiation emitted by a laser product as a result of or necessary for the operation of a laser incorporated into that product Laser Safety Laser Head and Power Supply Cover Interlocks The Stabilite 2018 has safety interlocks for both the laser head cover and power supply cover Removing either of these covers causes the main power contactor to open shutting off electrical power to the laser The covers must be in place or their interlocks defeated before the laser will operate ing at lethal voltage and current levels Be extremely careful whenever the cover is removed from either unit Avoid contact with high voltage terminals and components Danger y Both the laser head and power supply contain electrical circuits operat Danger While the laser head cover is removed be extremely careful to avoid pp Danser Radiation exposure to laser or collateral radiation Installing the safety interlock key in the laser head Figure 2 3 allows the laser to operate with its cover removed Shutter Emission Indicator Interlock Key Aperture Selector Figure 2
43. all 25 pins most only used 3 The IBM version is now a defacto standard for PC compatible computers and peripherals although the 25 pin variety can still be found on many systems Although the signals are well defined for the 9 pin standard the same is not true of the older 25 pin standard And unfortunately manufacturers of serial I O devices have provided incompatible definitions As a result there is no guarantee that any two devices will communicate with each other until all hardware and data format settings have been configured to match the requirements of the mating device The serial interface of the CI is an RS 232 C compatible interface confi gured to emulate DCE equipment using 25 pin connectors Signal inputs and outputs of the serial interface are likely to be compatible with most computers and terminals configured as DTE equipment If the CI is con nected to another DCE device a cable adapter that switches the data signal lines pins 2 and 3 and control signal lines pins 4 and 5 is usually all that is needed to make the devices compatible Table 6 8 shows the signals and interconnections that are used by the CI The data link signals are named relative to the DTE 6 13 Stabilite 2018 Table 6 8 Standard RS 232 C Interconnections Terminal DTE RS 232 C Link CI DCE STD 25PIN PC AT 9 PIN TXD 2 3 Transmitted Data 2 RXD RXD 3 2 Received Data 3 TXD RTS 4 7 Request To Send 4 CTS CTS 5 8
44. alue of the system function mea sured response x multiplier 250 V where V is the actual value of the system function measured response is the value returned by the SAMPLE a command and multiplier is the value from Table 6 4 for the system function polled Note that the value returned for the SAMPLE 3 command depends on the power range set see Control Commands WRITE p n below Table 6 4 SAMPLE a Command System Monitor Range Multiplier SAMPLE 1 Tube voltage 0 to 300 Vdc 300 SAMPLE 2 Tube current O to 50 A 50 0to2Wor 2 SAMPLE 3 Output power 0 to 10W 10 SAMPLE 4 5 Vdc reference 0 to 5 Vdc 5 READ a Computer Interface The READ a command where a is 4 or 5 queries the status of the eight system functions shown in Table 6 5 and Table 6 6 A decimal num ber from 0 to 15 is returned representing a 4 bit binary pattern Table 6 5 READ 4 Decimal No Water Water Head Power Returned Temperature Flow Cover Range 0 Not Okay Not Okay Open 2W 1 Not Okay Not Okay Open 10 W 2 Not Okay Not Okay Closed 2W 3 Not Okay Not Okay Closed 10W 4 Not Okay Okay Open 2W 5 Not Okay Okay Open 10W 6 Not Okay Okay Closed 2W 7 Not Okay Okay Closed 10W 8 Okay Not Okay Open 2W 9 Okay Not Okay Open 10W 10 Okay Not Okay Closed 2W 11 Okay Not Okay Closed 10W 12 Okay Okay Open 2W 13 Okay Okay Open 10 W 14 Okay Okay Closed 2W 15 Okay Okay Closed 10 W Table 6 6 READ 5 Decimal No Fill Key Over Current Auxiliary Ret
45. and keywords may be abbreviated Table 6 9 but they must include at least the first three characters Whether spelled out or ab breviated they must be spelled correctly or they will be aborted Table 6 9 Computer Interface Command Abbreviations Command Word Shortest Abbreviated Form Acceptable CONFIGURE CON READ REA SAMPLE SAM SET SET WRITE WRI Keywords used with the CONFIGURE Command INPUT INP OUTPUT OUT NONCLOCKED NON An input error occurs if any part of the command is invalid e g a mis spelled command word or keyword a data value out of range or an incor rect number of elements in the command When this happens the CI aborts and waits for a new command and bit 2 of the IEEE 488 interface status byte register is set high 1 After executing a SAMPLE or READ command the CI sends the requested data to the computer followed by a carriage return and line feed lt response gt lt CR gt lt LF gt The CI also sends the END message to terminate transmission if the IEEE 488 interface is used Programming Example Written using BASICA 6 16 The example program on the following page continuously runs the Stabi lite 2018 through the following seven minute plasma on and off cycle Minute Plasma Current 1 on high 2 on low 3 on high 4 on modulated 5 on high 6 off 7 off 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290
46. asma Tube Alignment Possible plasma level too high Check the tube voltage on the remote control If the voltage is over 228 V contact your Spectra Physics Lasers service repre sentative Possible low line voltage If the line voltage is below 188 V maximum current may not be available Possible open interlock Check the water flow water pressure and water tem perature Also check laser head and power supply interlocks Stabilite 2018 Laser does Check all Remote i interlock not start connections tatus ok 4 210 12 8A 3ASB 2ASB 1 ASB Connect Correct ac Correct 1 5 ASB to power line problem YZ Shutter y Control head switch set to A pia Move to Select Select Defeat cover glows up position remote remote interlock s Are Is the fuses ok i filament green status glowing light on Replace Service Service Service Service fuse s required required required required 1 Defeat the power supply interlock switch by pulling up on the plunger Warning Disconnect power before performing this step 3 Magnet resistance across Pins 2 and 4 of laser head cable J4 should be 68 Q 1 see connector drawing below Resistance from either pin to ground should be gt 10 MQ Danger Remove the high reflector to stop the lasing action before looking down the bore J4 is located on the power supply main board To read the magnet resistance disconnect the multi component plug from J and use a
47. ation on how to use it to operate the laser system Installing the Computer Interface Cable A computer or terminal may be optionally connected to either the RS 232 serial interface or the IEEE 488 parallel interface on the power supply con nector panel when the optional Model 2680 computer interface CI is in stalled Refer to your computer manual for information on the type of interface s is has available RS 232 C Interface 1 Connect the computer to the laser system Connect a serial cable between the RS 232 C connector on the the power supply and the mating connector on the back of the computer or terminal IBM PCs and compatibles use a polarized 25 or 9 pin connector with pins not sockets for serial ports The other 25 pin connector with sockets is a modified Centronics parallel printer port Do not connect to this port Refer to Chapter 6 Optional Model 2680 Computer In terface RS 232 C Interface Operation for a description of the RS 232 C serial interface and how it is used NO TAG in that same section shows the connector pinout for both the IBM PC 25 pin and IBM PC AT 9 pin connectors Use this as a guide for wiring your con necting cable Manufacturers of terminals use various types of connectors for an RS 232 C interface Some use pins others use sockets Most do not use 25 wires even if a 25 pin connector is used Refer to your termi nal manual for information on which port should be connected to the M
48. be the Stabilite 2018 controls and indicators then guide you through its installation and operation Separate chapters cover the Model 2670 remote control and the optional Model 2680 computer interface The last part of the manual covers maintenance and service and it includes a replacement parts list and a list of world wide Spectra Physics Lasers Service Centers you can call if you need help Whereas the Maintenance section contains information you need to keep your laser clean and operational on a day to day basis Service and Repair is intended to help you guide your Spectra Physics Lasers field service engineer to the source of any problems Do not attempt repairs yourself while the unit is still under warranty instead report all problems to Spectra Physics Lasers for warranty repair This product has been tested and found to conform to Directive 89 336 EEC for Electromagnetic Compatibility Class A compliance was demon strated for EN 50081 2 1993 Emissions and EN 50082 1 1992 Immunity as listed in the official Journal of the European Communities It also meets the intent of Directive 73 23 EEC for Low Voltage Class A compliance was demonstrated for EN 61010 1 1993 Safety Require ments for Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory Use and EN 60825 1 1992 Radiation Safety for Laser Products Refer to the EC Declaration of Conformity statements in Chapter 2 Stab
49. ce of the probability Likewise when an atom excited to E decays to E it loses energy equal to E E Because its tendency is toward the lower energy state the atom may decay spontaneously emitting a photon with energy hv and frequency v E E4 h 2 Spontaneous decay can also occur without emission of a photon the lost energy taking another form e g transfer of kinetic energy by collision with another atom An atom excited to E can also be stimulated to decay to E by interacting with a photon of frequency v shedding energy in the form of a pair of photons that are identical to the incident one in phase frequency and direction By contrast spontaneous emission produces pho tons that have no directional or phase relationship with one another A laser is designed to take advantage of absorption and both spontaneous and stimulated emission phenomena using them to create conditions fa vorable to light amplification The following paragraphs describe these conditions The absorption coefficient at a given frequency is the difference between the rates of emission and absorption at that frequency It can be shown that the rate of excitation from E to E is proportional to both the number of atoms in the lower level N and the transition probability Similarly the rate of stimulated emission is proportional to the population of the upper level N2 and the transition probability Moreover the transition probabili ty
50. ces a window that remains free of internal deposits that degrade performance An automatic gas fill system monitors the gas pressure in the plasma tube and meters precise volumes of gas from a high pressure reservoir when ever pressure falls below the optimal range The reservoir is located on the plasma tube This automatic fill feature contributes to the dependability and convenience of the Stabilite 2018 ion laser The Stabilite 2018 does not require a cavity purge Instead an intracavity passive catalyst placed inside each cavity seal minimizes contaminating ozone O3 by converting it to molecules of harmless oxygen O2 This design eliminates the requirement for the typical gas supply filters driers and air tubing Model 2550 Power Supply The power supply provides ample low noise current for the plasma discharge To keep the power supply compact cost effective and efficient patented Spectra Physics Lasers switched resistor technology and a pass bank are used for its regulator To comply with FCC Class A and VDE 0871A conducted emissions standards an EMI filter is included It minimizes emissions and any associated interference with sensitive laboratory equipment Stabilite 2018 Model 2670 Remote Control This small table top remote control operates through an analog TTL inter face on the power supply for convenient control of the laser system A user supplied control module can also operate the system through this in
51. cifications Input Impedance 20 kQ Input Voltage Range 5V Modulation Sensitivity Current mode 10 A tube current volt Light mode 10 W 2 0 W optical output power volt Light mode 2 W 0 4 W optical output power volt The control signal is the sum of the signals from the MODULATION con nector and the active CURRENT or POWER control knob To illustrate with the system in current mode and the CURRENT control set so the me ter reads 25 A a V signal applied to the MODULATION connector modulates the plasma tube current 10 A that is it varies the current from 15 A to 35 A AUX INTLK 2 pin provides attachment for an external interlock such as a normally closed switch that is wired to an area access door or to some other auxiliary safety equipment When opened the door or safety device turns off the laser These two contacts must be shorted together in order for the laser to operate A simple jumper is installed in the plug that is provided with your system The plug can be rewired for use with an exter nal interlock The Model 2550 Power Supply Safety Optional Model 2670 WR Optional Ground RS 232 C REMOTE Control IEEE 488 Power SUPPLY SPECTRA PHYSICS LASERS Lug Connector Connector Connector STATUS LED REMOTE SUPPLY STATUS INPUT POWER WATER IN WATER TO HEAD Umbilical INPUT WATER IN WATER TO At
52. cts and manuals and we appreciate all suggestions Thank you From Name Company or Institution Department Address Instrument Model Number Problem Suggested Solution s Mail To Spectra Physics Lasers Inc Ultrafast Lasers Systems Quality Manager 1335 Terra Bella Avenue Mountain View CA 94043 U S A e mail sales splasers com http www splasers com Serial Number Attention Ultrafast Laser Systems Quality Manager 650 967 1651
53. e It should be 208 Vac nominal between 188 and 228 Vac Extended operation near the range limits is not recommended 5 1 Stabilite 2018 8 Verify that the green yellow lead of the power cable is connected to earth ground not neutral and that when required a grounding cable is connected to the ground lug on the power supply control panel Turn on the cooling water Set the remote control module for the desired turn on conditions e MODE current e CONTROL REMOTE or IEEE 488 RS 232 e CURRENT level to minimum e Key switch off Turn on the main power Turn on the key switch The PLASMA ON indicator will glow and emission will start about 15 seconds later Open the shutter Adjusting for Maximum Output Power 5 2 Misalignment of the high reflector is the most frequent cause of low out put power The mirror must be perpendicular to the beam for optimum performance The mirror plate is designed so the horizontal and vertical planes can be independently adjusted 8 9 Increase output power to a suitable level for monitoring Monitor the optical output power as you adjust the high reflector for maximum optical output a Achieve maximum power with one control before using the oth er The adjustments may interact so repeat the procedure first with one control then with the other until maximum output pow er is achieved b Ifthe unit stops lasing while you are turning one of the controls turn it i
54. e a large volume of air is trapped above the solvent Instead store solvents in small glass bottles where either the solvents are used up quickly or the bottles are filled frequently from a fresh uncontaminated source Laser optics are made by vacuum depositing microthin layers of materials of varying indices of refraction on glass substrates If the surface is scratched to a depth as shallow as 0 01 mm the operating efficiency of the optical coating will be reduced significantly Because an intracavity passive catalyst is used in the Stabilite 2018 laser there should be little requirement for optical cleaning if the cavity is left closed and undisturbed However because optics are exchanged from time to time there will be occasions when cleaning is necessary Stabilite 2018 Equipment Required Warning y Danger YW Stick to the following principles whenever you clean any optical surface Remove and clean one optic at a time then replace it and optimize laser output power If more than one optic is removed at at time all reference points will be lost making realignment extremely difficult Perform any maintenance in a clean environment over an area cov ered by a soft cloth or pad if possible Wash your hands thoroughly with liquid detergent Body oils and con taminants can render otherwise fastidious cleaning practices useless Use dry nitrogen canned air or a rubber squeeze bulb to blow dust and lint from the optic
55. e eens 6 14 Cleaning the Mirror Surface 0000s 7 4 Lens Tissue Folded for Cleaning cece cece eee eet eens 7 4 Stabilite Single line Prism Assembly LL 7 6 A portion of the intracavity beam is reflected upward from each face of the prism 7 7 Plasma Tube Endbell Showing Shroud 0000 cece tenet eee e eee 7 9 Vertical Search Technique 000s ccc et eee eee es 8 2 Schematic Representation of Ideal Resonator Alignment 0c eee ee ee 8 3 Misaligned Mirrors Allow Lasing at Reduced Power eee eee e eee ees 8 4 Troubleshooting Diagram eee eee e eens 8 6 Table of Contents List of Tables Table 1 1 Table 1 2 Table 1 3 Table 3 1 Table 3 2 Table 4 1 Table 5 1 Table 6 1 Table 6 2 Table 6 3 Table 6 4 Table 6 5 Table 6 6 Table 6 7 Table 6 8 Table 6 9 Table 8 1 Table 8 2 Laser Performance Specifications 6 00 cc eee 1 11 Laser Mechanical Specifications 1 11 Stabilite 2018 Standard Optics 1 11 Aperture Diameters c eee eee eens 3 2 Remote Interface Pin Assignments 00 cece eect ett 3 10 Stabilite 2018 Cooling Water Requirements 4 3 Aperture Diameters ssi tal alan dio reo sliced eci ie deco ii teste 5 7 SW BAUD Rate Settings 0 0 eee teen eens 6 5 SW Mode Select Settings 0 cece eee teen tenes 6 5 SW DIP Switch Setting for Selecting Device Address eee
56. e previous meter reading was gt 2 W the needle changes to indicate maximum on the 2 W scale i e it will peg the meter HEAD SELECT switch switches power supply output between two laser heads when a second laser head is used Select A if you have only one head this is the normal setting An optional dual head switch box is re quired in order to use the B setting CONTROL switch selects the control source When placed in the REMOTE position the system is controlled either by the Model 2670 re mote control or a user supplied controller attached to the REMOTE con nector When set to the IEEE 488 RS 232 position the system can be controlled by a computer or terminal through the optional Model 2680 computer interface using either the IEEE 488 parallel input or the RS 232 serial input CURRENT control adjusts the plasma discharge current when the MODE switch is set to CURrent It has no effect while the MODE switch is set to POWER POWER control adjusts the optical output power when the MODE switch is set to POWER It has no effect while the MODE switch is set to CURrent METER switch selects one of three meter settings When set to AMPS the meter displays the plasma discharge current on the 0 50 scale When set to VOLTS the meter displays the voltage across the plasma tube on the 3 7 Stabilite 2018 0 300 scale And when it is set to WATTS the meter displays the optical output power of the laser on either the
57. eating If leaks persist shut off the water supply drain the cooling system and call your Spectra Physics Lasers representative 7 When you are satisfied there are no leaks install the laser head and power supply covers Verify that the each cover actuates the cover interlock switch located near the umbilical entry 4 7 Stabilite 2018 Connecting to Electrical Service Warning y The power supply requires three phase 208 V 8 45 A electrical ser vice Connect the green lead of the power cable to earth ground not neutral Connect the remaining three leads to the legs of the three phase service sequence is not important A circuit breaker or wall switch should be placed between the electrical service and the power supply the breaker or switch must be rated for at least 50 A Do not exceed 208 V 89 If the service does not fall within this range use a transformer to bring it to within this range Contact your Spectra Physics Lasers service representative for details A grounding lug is provided on the power supply control panel for the attachment of a second ground cable see Figure 4 1 This attachment point is typically used when the laser system is incorporated into a larger system where a single point common ground is required Setting the Wavelength Selection Switch 4 8 Verify the wavelength selection switch is properly set in nm for the actual wavelength to be used This ensures the power meter
58. ect the interior 1 Inspect the cavity seal on each end of the plasma tube If the seal was dislodged during shipping the plasma tube window will have to be cleaned refer to Chapter 7 Maintenance Cleaning the Plasma Tube Windows for details 2 Inspect the shutter and aperture Both should operate easily and the shutter should open fully O on the aperture lever is the open posi tion Adjusting the Height of the Laser Head The laser head rests on four adjustable feet The head can be raised or lowered by loosening the threaded retaining ring under the lower cover and screwing the feet in or out After the feet are adjusted tighten the clamping rings up against the cover When done the feet should all be the same height and be within 0 3 cm g in of one another Pre operation Water Leak Tests Perform the following test before you start your laser for the first time It is your final assurance that the system arrived in proper working condi tion 1 Remove the cover to the laser head 4 and power supply 14 2 Slowly open the water supply valve until you hear the water begin to flow 3 Check for leaks at all plumbing connections within the laser head and at the ends of all water hoses 4 Look for water inside and under the power supply If there are no leaks open the valve and apply full pressure up to the rating specified in Table 4 1 6 If leaks are present check all water seals for proper s
59. ee eee ee 6 5 SAMPLE a ia iaia kee dhe aes esheets ariani eens lan 6 6 PUA A aces peat cesta E cetera ost areca betes Salary E 6 7 READ 5 2295 hdd aa a aa Stacia ee citn ila 6 7 WRITE DI oii nseimibedd ates pile rate e saber pid ato ai ath dla st ate 6 9 Standard RS 232 C Interconnections 00 0 eee ees 6 14 Computer Interface Command Abbreviations cece eee eee ee 6 16 TrOubIGSHOOUNG irs suisse lee ie ete oliena lele 8 5 Replacement PANS ekici aeiae kein bee Dalton Eee ie sia 8 7 Stabilite 2018 Danger Laser Radiation Danger Warning Caution Eyewear TE Required g g e 9 Warning Conventions The following warnings are used throughout this manual to draw your attention to situations or procedures that require extra attention They warn of hazards to your health damage to equipment sensitive proce dures and exceptional circumstances All messages are set apart by a thin line above and below the text as shown here Laser radiation is present Conditions or action may cause injury or present a hazard to personal safety Condition or action may cause damage to equipment Condition or action may cause poor performance or error Text describes exceptional circumstances or makes a special reference Do not touch Appropriate laser safety eyewear should be worn during this opera tion xi Standard Units The following units abbreviations and prefixes are used in
60. eflector for fine tuning the optical output for optimum output power Use the vertical coarse adjust to first tune the laser to the wavelength of choice then use this control to optimize output Vertical coarse adjust COARSE VERT changes the vertical alignment of the high reflector to provide coarse tuning of the optical output over the full range of the laser Once the laser is tuned to a wavelength use the fine adjust to optimize laser output When using the prism a 3 32 in ball driver is required to adjust the screw that is located just inside the laser head con trol panel as shown in Figure 3 2 Horizontal fine adjust HORZ changes the horizontal alignment of the high reflector for fine tuning the optical output for optimum output power Horizontal coarse adjust changes the horizontal alignment of the high reflector to provide coarse tuning of the optical output over the full range of the laser It is primarily used when doing a vertical search when align ing the laser Thereafter only the fine adjust is required A 3 32 in ball driver is required to adjust the screw that is located just inside the laser head control panel as shown in Figure 3 2 3 3 Stabilite 2018 3 4 Note z The vertical and horizontal coarse controls on the output end of the laser are locked at the factory and do not need adjustment These ad justments are used only to achieve the initial factory alignment after installing the plasma tube
61. er be add ed at a later date and installed by the user When ordered separately it will come as a kit and will include e the computer interface pc board with a bottom shield attached e a50 wire ribbon cable and e a50 pin remote jumper plug The ribbon cable connects the CI to the power supply controller board that is located directly under the CI when it is installed Refer to Description above for information on when and how to use the remote controller jumper plug Computer Interface To Install the Computer Interface 1 Remove the power supply cover 14 screws 2 Remove and discard the two plastic CI interface window covers The four mounting posts used to fasten the Cl pc board above the controller pc board Connector J4 Controller pc board Shiedling tray QL Figure 6 2 The controller pc board mounting posts and connector J4 shown inside the power supply shielding tray These are located on the connector panel of the power supply just above the REMOTE connector The IEEE 488 and RS 232 C connectors will be accessed through these two windows 3 Connect the 50 wire ribbon cable to the controller board The controller board lies in the gold anodized shielding tray refer to Figure 6 2 Its REMOTE connector protrudes from the power supply connector panel Connect the cable to connector J4 Pull the ribbon cable to the center of the controller board and fold it at 90 so it ex tends past the boa
62. er on or off and n is specified as a decimal number from 0 to 13 Table 6 7 WRITE p n Command Power Range Control Mode WRITE 6 0 10 W Power WRITE 6 1 10 W Power WRITE 6 4 10 W Current WRITE 6 5 10 W Current WRITE 6 8 2W Power WRITE 6 9 2W Power WRITE 6 12 2W Current WRITE 6 13 2W Current WRITE 7 0 Laser on WRITE 7 1 Laser off 6 9 Stabilite 2018 Power Supply On Default Condition Unless the remote jumper plug provided is connected to the REMOTE connector the system uses the REMOTE connector on the power supply as its primary interface even if the power supply contains a CI pe board Therefore the Model 2670 remote control or a custom control device at tached to this connector has primary control The CI becomes the control device only when the CONTROL switch on the remote is set to IEEE 488 RS232 Otherwise its controls are disabled If the jumper plug is attached to the REMOTE connector the CI has primary control but it must be initialized prior to use refer to Initializing the Interface below To use the Computer Interface 1 Set the MODE switch on the Model 2670 remote control to IEEE 488 RS 232 2 Ifa custom control device is used instead of the Model 2670 set pin 3 of the REMOTE connector to 5 Vdc logic level high or allow it to float 3 Initialize the CI Initializing the Computer Interface 6 10 The CONFIGURE command is unique because it is only used at system star
63. er to the Stabilite 2018 laser system 1 ON M ae I Shut off the water supply Shut off the return line as well if you are using a closed loop cooling system Place a bucket or container under the filter to catch any spilled water Press the button on top of the filter cover to release internal pressure Unscrew the lower blue filter housing from the assembly Remove the used filament wound filter Make sure the O ring in the cover is clean and is seated evenly in its groove 7 9 Stabilite 2018 Insert a new filter into the housing Verify the new filter is a 25 um filter Use a Spectra Physics Lasers filter P N 2604 0070 or equiva lent Screw the housing into the cover Open the return line then slowly turn on the water while checking for leaks This completes the procedure for replacing the water filter Cleaning the Power Supply Water Filter Screen Clean the filter in the power supply female hose fitting frequently It is a small round mesh screen 1 Shut off the water supply Shut off the return line as well if you are using a closed loop cooling system Remove the inlet hose from the female fitting on the power supply Using a pair of tweezers or forceps grasp the edge of the screen and pull it out Grasp the edge only if the tool punctures the mesh screen the filter will no longer be effective Invert the filter and hold it under a forceful water stream to remove trapped debris Then run
64. etting 25 On 16 On 8 Off Off On 1 DTR RTS Settings SW Some computers or terminals ignore the Data Terminal Ready DTR signal or the Request To Send RTS signal or both signals If this is the case with your system to enable communications between the two devices force the appropriate line high by setting the switches on SW Figure 6 3 to the on or closed position For more information refer to the section on RS 232 C later in this chapter 6 5 Stabilite 2018 Commands Status Commands 6 6 The CI is a data acquisition and control board Only five commands are needed to perform all control and monitoring functions in the power sup ply e CONFIGURE initializes the CI for computer use after system power up e WRITE turns plasma current on or off selects current or power mode and selects the 2 W or 10 W power range e READ monitors the plasma tube gas level the interlocks and the over current status lines e SET sets the current or power output level e SAMPLE measures tube voltage and current and the 5 Vdc refer ence signal The following sections Status Commands and Control Commands explain how to use these commands to query system status and control system functions SAMPLE a The SAMPLE a command where a is a value of 1 to 4 queries four system monitors The value returned is a decimal number from 0 to 250 Use the following equation to determine the v
65. eus in a double lobed configuration Figure 1 1 The energy of an electron is determined by the orbital that it occupies and the over all ener gy of an atom its energy level depends on the distribution of its elec trons throughout the available orbitals Each atom has an array of energy levels the level with the lowest possible energy is called the ground state and higher energy levels are called excited states If an atom is in its ground state it will stay there until it is excited by an external source Movement from one energy level to another a transition happens when the atom either absorbs or emits energy Upward transitions can be caused by collision with a free electron or an excited atom and transitions in both directions occur as a result of interaction with a photon of light Consider a transition from a lower level whose energy content is E to a higher one with energy Ev It will only occur if the energy of the incident photon matches the energy difference between these levels i e hv Eo Ey 1 where h is Planck s constant and v is the frequency of the photon Light will be used to describe the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from far infrared to ultraviolet Stabilite 2018 Population Inversion Figure 1 1 Electrons occupy distinct orbitals defined by the probability of finding an electron at a given position the shape of the orbital being determined by the radial and angular dependen
66. for information on how to use their IEEE 488 interface product 1 Connect the IEEE 488 parallel cable supplied by your computer or controller vendor between the IEEE 488 connector on the the power supply and the IEEE 488 connector on the back of your computer ter minal or controller Unlike the RS 232 C interface the IEEE 488 cable is standardized there are no wires to modify Simply buy a cable from your IEEE 488 vendor and plug it in 2 Push each connector in until it seats then tighten the 2 screws on each connector to keep the cable from pulling loose Note that the screws are metric and will not screw into a similar but non IEEE 488 compatible connector Using a User supplied Control Device 4 6 If a user supplied controller is to be used connect it to the Model 2550 power supply in the same manner as the Model 2670 remote control see Installing the Model 2670 Remote Control earlier in this chapter Spec ifications for the REMOTE connector signals are given in Table 3 2 in Chapter 3 CDRH requirements for a user supplied controller are listed in Chapter 2 Laser Safety CDRH Requirements for a Custom Remote Con trol or for Operation with the Optional Model 2680 Computer Interface Installation Laser Head Inspection Great care was taken in preparing your laser for shipping However it is prudent to check out your unit before it is used the first time To do this remove the laser head cover and insp
67. h a Spectra Physics Lasers service representative set up the laser at your site please call to arrange an installation appointment Allow only qualified personnel to install and set up your laser Any damage that occurs during a user performed installation is not covered under warranty Placement of the Laser Head Power Supply and Remote Control The only tools you will need to set up your system on a daily basis are a 5 32 ball driver to adjust beam height and hemostats and lens tissue to clean the optics These tools are provided in your accessory kit 1 Place the Stabilite 2018 laser head on the laser table and position the head so it is roughly aligned to the target system Place the Model 2550 power supply within 2 meters of the laser head close enough so its umbilical and hoses can be attached to the power supply control panel but far enough away so the power supply is out of the way Finally place the Model 2670 remote control if used nearby in a location that is accessible during normal operation 4 1 Stabilite 2018 Connecting the Laser Head Umbilical to the Power Supply CE Two cables in a protective flexible hose comprise the umbilical that con nects the laser head to the power supply The umbilical is permanently attached to the laser head but is attached to the power supply via two connec tors plus two hoses Figure 4 1 shows the power supply control panel SPECTRA
68. he tube heat resistant tungsten disks confine the plasma discharge to an optimal diameter and copper webs link the super heated disks to the ceramic envelope where the heat is dissipated into the cooling water Introduction Tungsten is used for the bore elements because of its high melting point and resistance to sputtering under high current densities These properties minimize erosion of the bore and a constant bore size is necessary to keep beam diameter mode quality and output power constant over the lifetime of the tube Class 100 clean room manufacturing conditions result in a plasma tube that is free of internal contamination All tubes are evacuated at high tem peratures to drive out residual contaminants Residual gas analysis is used to monitor plasma tubes during processing to ensure cleanliness A scan ning electron microscope energy dispersive spectrometer is used to check parts and processes for contamination Such monitoring provides immedi ate feedback on plasma tube cleanliness Q M Endbells technology is a Spectra Physics innovation that extends plasma tube lifetime A patented coating protects the windows from long term uv radiation damage and a modified optical contact bond is used to seal the window to the endbell assembly essentially eliminating residual contamination inherent in conventional hard seal bonding agents Q M Endbells are sturdy enough to withstand high temperature processing methods This produ
69. he two communications de vices that must match character length parity and stop bit s SW pos itions 1 through 4 set these parameters The factory default setting is 8 bit character length parity disabled odd even is ignored and 2 stop bits 6 4 Computer Interface Table 6 1 SW BAUD Rate Settings Switch Number Switch Position 5 Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off On 6 Off Off Off Off On On On On Off 7 Off Off On On Off Off On On Off 8 Off On Off On Off On Off On Off Baud Rate 75 110 150 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 Table 6 2 SW Mode Select Settings Switch Switch 21 Switch da Position Position condition Position Condition 1 Off Parity Disabled On Parity Enabled 2 Off Odd Parity On Even Parity 3 Off One Stop Bit On Two Stops Bits Seven Bits Eight Bits per 4 or per Character On Character IEEE 488 Device Address Switch Settings SW The IEEE 488 interface is easy to configure 1 Remove the power supply cover 14 screws to expose the CI pc board Figure 6 3 2 Select a device address that is different from that of all the other de vices attached to the same bus and referring to Table 6 3 set SW to set the IEEE 488 address from 0 to 31 The five positions add together to establish the address The factory default setting is 25 3 Replace the cover on the power supply when done Table 6 3 SW DIP Switch Settings for Selecting Device Address Switch Number 1 2 3 4 5 Bit Weight 16 8 4 2 1 Factory S
70. ial 420 743 MADE IN U S A Patent Label 16 comm A CE High Voltage Label 22 CE Certification Label 25 CE Aperture Label 24 Laser Safety EC Declaration of Conformity We Spectra Physics Lasers Inc Scientific and Industrial Systems 1330 Terra Bella Avenue P O Box 7013 Mountain View CA 94039 7013 United States of America declare under sole responsibility that the Stabilite 2018 Argon Krypton lon Laser System with a Model 2550 Power Supply and a Model 2670 Remote Control Manufactured after May 1 1997 meet the intent of Directive 89 336 EEC for Electromagnetic Compatibility Compliance was demonstrated Class A to the following specifications as listed in the official Journal of the European Communities EN 50081 2 1993 Emissions EN 55011 Class A Radiated EN 55011 Class A Conducted EN 50082 1 1992 Immunity IEC 801 2 Electrostatic Discharge IEC 801 3 RF Radiated IEC 801 4 Fast Transients I the undersigned hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directives and Standards ade Steve Sheng Vice President and General Manager Spectra Physics Lasers Inc Scientific and Industrial Systems May 1 1997 2 9 Stabilite 2018 EC Declaration of Conformity 2 10 We Spectra Physics Lasers Inc Scientific and Industrial Systems 1330 Terra Bella Avenue P O Box 7013 Mountain View CA 94039 7013 United States of America declare under
71. ic actually got cleaner i e you did not replace one contaminant with another During the following cleaning procedure acetone is referred to but meth anol can be used as well 1 2 3 10 11 12 13 14 Close the shutter Remove the high reflector holder Clean the coated surface following the Drop and Drag procedure as outlined under General Procedures for Cleaning Optics Steps 1 and 2 above Install the mirror holder Open the shutter Adjust the mirrors vertically and horizontally for maximum optical output power Close the shutter Remove the output coupler Remove the optic from its holder simply pull it out and clean the output surface following the Drop and Drag procedure Place the optic back into its holder The arrow on the side of the optic points to the coated side which must face the cavity Clean the cavity surface in the same manner Install the mirror holder Open the shutter Adjust the mirrors vertically and horizontally for maximum optical output power This completes the procedure for cleaning the mirrors 7 5 Stabilite 2018 Cleaning the Prism Assembly 7 6 The laser should be on and stable 1 Remove the prism assembly from the laser Caution W Do not leave the optical cavity of the laser open for extended periods of time Doing so shortens the life of the intracavity passive catalyst Unscrew and remove the cover of the pris
72. ied with the laser into the supply line It has 3 4 in NPT pipe threads Observe the direction of the flow arrow marked on the filter case To insert a 25 u filter cartridge supplied unscrew the lower housing place the cartridge over the hub in the bottom of the housing then screw the housing back onto the fixture 2 Itis highly recommended that a pressure regulator be included in the installation and that it be set for the rated pressure found in Table 4 1 3 Connect the cooling water supply line to the female fitting on the power supply 4 Connect the male fitting on the power supply to the female fitting on the laser head 5 Connect the male fitting on the laser head to the water return line Closed loop Cooling Systems Because local water supplies vary in pressure and temperature throughout the day or can have a high calcium content hard water a closed loop cooling system such as the Model 315A heat exchanger water conditioner may be used to regulate the pressure temperature and flow rate of the cooling water This will enhance the stability of the laser and improve its performance Its specifications must meet or exceed the Stabilite 2018 cooling requirements listed in Table 4 1 Control Connections The Model 2670 remote control which is supplied with the system is typically used to operate the Stabilite 2018 system However the system can also be controlled using the optional Model 2680 computer interface or
73. ilite 2018 Finally if you encounter any difficulty with the content or style of this man ual please let us know The last page is a form to aid in bringing such problems to our attention Thank you for your purchase of Spectra Physics Lasers instruments Table of Contents PrelaCe isk cceee ck sere eden e eee insets eed eee ewes eked eevee eee eens iii Warning Conventions iu ce ee eve eee ee ee ee eed eee xi Sl Units i rrir elica xiii Unpacking and Inspection iii a XV System Components cece eee eee e eee teen eens XV Accessory Alt si cecilia Geet elena ee e e ea XV Chapter 1 INTrOdUCUON iv iii tae eee Rau a ae 1 1 A Brief Review of lon Laser Theory 1 1 Emission and Absorption of Light 1 1 Population Inversion A een teen een eee A a aA 1 2 Argon as an Excitation Medium 1 4 The Resonant Optical Cavity teen eet eens 1 6 Power Performance Considerations c eect teen eee eens 1 7 SYSTEM DESGCHIDUON earnen aante i alain Ratei Maen 1 8 Stabilite 2018 Laser Head eect eet een teenies 1 8 Model 2550 Power Supply 2 00 cece eee eee e nett eee eee teen 1 9 Model 2670 Remote Control cece tenet een e eee eens 1 10 Optional Model 2680 Computer Interface 000 ccc eee eee tenes 1 10 Stabilite 2018 Specifications 1 11 Stabilite 2018 Standard Optics esus ccc eee eens 1 11 Outline Drawing S riita ee Ga ed Ra e Seed ed ee a 1 1
74. ined by plotting the gain of each frequency and mea suring the width of the curve where the gain has fallen to one half maxi mum full width at half maximum Figure 1 4 Line broadening depends on the relative velocities of the excited ions as they radiate If the ion is stationary at the time of stimulated emission the product photons will possess exactly the transition frequency If the ion is moving toward the stimulating photon the resultant frequency will be higher than that of the transition likewise if the ion is moving away the frequen cy will be lower Introduction E Longitudinal Modes Gain c Envelope E 6 10 GHz Frequency v Figure 1 4 Frequency Distribution of Longitudinal Modes for a Single Line The output of the laser is discontinuous within this Doppler broadened line profile A standing wave propagates within the optical cavity and any fre quency that satisfies the resonance condition Vm mc 2L 4 will oscillate where v is the frequency c is the speed of light L is the optical cavity length and m is an integer Thus the output of a given line is a set of discrete frequencies called longitudinal modes spaced such that Av c 2L 5 Power Performance Considerations Several factors influence ion laser output The optical power can be calcu lated from 20L where T is the output coupler transmission A is the cross sectional area of the beam s i
75. is accurate Chapter 5 Warning W Laser Start up Danger Laser Radiation Operation The Stabilite 2018 laser can be operated using one of the following control methods The Model 2670 remote control which is provided with the system and is connected to the Model 2550 power supply REMOTE connector A computer or terminal that is connected to the optional Model 2680 computer interface using either either the IEEE 488 or RS 232 inter face A user supplied controller that is connected to the power supply REMOTE connector Spectra Physics Lasers recommends using the Model 2670 remote control or the optional Model 2680 computer interface for controlling the Stabilite 2018 Repair for power supply damage resulting from the use of any other controller is not covered under the warranty This section describes the start up sequence using the Model 2670 remote control This procedure is also typical of operation when using a custom control device connected to the REMOTE interface or when using a termi nal or computer connected to either the IEEE 488 or RS 232 C connectors of the Model 2550 power supply The output beam of this laser is a safety and fire hazard Avoid directly viewing the beam or its reflections Avoid blocking it with clothing or parts of the body Place a folded metal target see Chapter 2 Laser Safety or a power meter in the beam path and close the shutter Check the power line voltag
76. is open when the lever is in the O position and closed when it is in the position Apertures labeled 1 through 10 provide a means to control divergence Aperture 1 has the smallest diameter aperture 10 the largest The setting marked O is not an aperture but is wide open Table 3 1 lists the ap erture diameters Table 3 1 Aperture Diameters Aperture Number Diameter mm in 1 1 93 076 2 2 06 081 3 2 16 085 4 2 24 088 5 2 31 091 6 2 39 094 7 2 46 097 8 2 54 100 9 2 64 104 10 2 74 108 O 3 81 150 Control Panel Controls Indicators and Connections Cavity seal together with the dust tube they seal the cavity between the plasma tube and the mirror plate The seals 2 can be slid back onto their respective dust tubes to expose the windows for cleaning An intracavity passive catalyst inside the seal eliminates the build up of contaminating ozone O3 by converting it to molecules of harmless oxygen O2 This eliminates the requirement for the typical gas supply filters driers etc Horizontal Fine Adjust 7 HOR Horizontal Coarse Adjust l Vertical Fine Adjust LO High Reflector or VERT Prism Assembly Rear Panel Vertical Coarse Adjust 7 coarse VERT ek Wavelength g L Switch Figure 3 2 Laser Head Control Panel Vertical fine adjust VERT changes the vertical alignment of the high r
77. ity magnetic field and gas pressure Since two collisions with free electrons are required to pump an argon atom to the upper level of visible lasing transitions the gain of the medium varies as the square of the current density Below saturation the multimode all lines output of an ion laser can be expressed as P kJ2V 3 where P is the output power J is the current density A cm2 V is the vol ume of the active medium and kis a constant 1 5 Stabilite 2018 A magnetic field enveloping the plasma discharge enhances the population inversion It tends to force free electrons toward the center of the plasma tube bore thus increasing the probability of a pumping collision Unfortu nately the magnetic field also causes Zeeman splitting of the laser lines which elliptically polarizes the output causing partial loss at the polariza tion sensitive plasma tube windows Susceptibility to the Zeeman effect varies from line to line and each has an optimum magnetic field strength Krypton laser transitions do not have as much gain as argon transitions and are generally less powerful Krypton lasers exhibit emission across a broader visible spectrum than do argon lasers and are often attractive for this reason The primary wavelength from a krypton laser is the strong red line at 647 1 nm and although there are other significant lines in the blue green yellow red and near infrared ir regions krypton lasers are nomi nally refer
78. k Status Indicators If the system shuts off due to an interlock breach the five INTERLOCK STATUS indicators along the top of the controller identify why the laser has shut off Generally the laser shuts off only if a condition exists that could damage the laser or violate CDRH safety regulations 3 5 Stabilite 2018 3 6 Resetting the Interlocks With the exception of an over current fault once the fault is corrected the laser can be restarted by turning off the key switch which resets the con troller and turns off the indicator then turning it back on If the OVER CURRENT interlock LED is on you will need to turn off the main power to the system then turn it back on to reset this interlock If the system is controlled via a remote host system through the optional Model 2680 computer interface and the main power is turned off then on the computer interface must be initialized again before it can be used refer to Chapter 6 Optional Model 2680 Computer Interface WATER FLOW indicator denotes insufficient water flow through the laser head The laser automatically shuts off to prevent overheating and damage To correct this problem increase the water supply to the laser head Low flow is often caused by a crimp in one of the laser head cooling hoses or by something sitting on them Another common problem is a clogged in line filter in the facility water supply line or power supply strainer located in the water inlet co
79. laser still does not meet specified power Turn off the laser Expose the windows Do not touch the interior of any intracavity components with your fin gers including the endbell shroud Contaminants left on these sur faces will migrate to the windows later Always wear clean powder free latex gloves or finger cots Slide the cavity seals toward the plasma tube until the windows are totally exposed Remove the dust tube if you need to by unscrewing it from the mirror mount Clean the windows Clean the coated surfaces following the Tissue in Hemostat proce dure under General Procedures for Cleaning Optics steps 1 and 3 above Wipe windows bottom to top in a single motion Be careful that the tip of the hemostat does not scratch the surface Do not let solvent wick between the window and the shroud Figure 7 5 Maintenance Cavity Seal Shroud Window Figure 7 5 Plasma Tube Endbell Showing Shroud and Window 4 Check output power level Restart the laser and allow it to warm up If the laser meets specified power stop you are done If it does not meet specified power call your Spectra Physics Lasers service representative This completes the procedure for cleaning the windows Replacing the Water Filter A filter housing and cartridge is shipped with each system The housing is light blue with a black cover and it should have been installed in the plumbing that provides wat
80. ll dimensions in em Chapter 2 Danger Laser Radiation Laser Safety The Spectra Physics Lasers Stabilite 2018 is a Class IV High Power Laser whose beam is by definition a safety and fire hazard Take pre cautions to prevent accidental exposure to both direct and reflected beams Diffuse as well as specular beam reflections can cause severe eye or skin damage Precautions for the Safe Operation of Class IV High Power Lasers Eyewear ee Required a 3 Wear protective eyewear at all times selection depends on the wave length and intensity of the radiation the conditions of use and the visual function required Protective eyewear is available from vendors listed in the Laser Focus World Lasers and Optronics and Photonics Spectra buyer s guides Consult the ANSI ACGIH or LIA standards listed at the end of this section for guidance Keep the protective cover on the laser head at all times Avoid looking at the output beam even diffuse reflections are hazardous Operate the laser at the lowest beam intensity possible given the re quirements of the application Expand the beam whenever possible to reduce beam intensity Avoid intercepting the output beam or its reflection with any part of the body Establish a controlled access area for laser operation Limit access only to those persons trained in laser safety principles Maintain a high ambient light level in the laser operation area so the eye
81. lls counterclockwise while pulling on the connector You may have to wiggle them a bit to disengage them Installation Connecting to the Water Supply Cooling Water Requirements Warning M Cooling water may be supplied from an open loop system with the heated water directed to a drain Refer to Table 4 1 for flow pressure and thermal ratings and requirements for water quality The diameter of the incoming water service line should be at least 5 in All hose connections are U S garden hose variety Table 4 1 Stabilite 2018 Cooling Water Requirements Flow Rate min 6 4 I min 1 7 gal min Inlet Temperature 10 35 C 50 95 F Differential Pressure min 138 kPa 20 psig Inlet Pressure max 690 kPa 100 psig Hardness max lt 100 ppm calcium pH Level 7 0 to 8 5 Particulate Size max lt 200 u dia Heat Load 16 KW 910 Btu min Verify the cooling water enters the power supply first before going to the laser head If the supply line is connected incorrectly significant damage can occur Such damage is not covered by your warranty Figure 4 2 shows a properly connected system Laser Head To Drain I Power Supply From Source Figure 4 2 Connecting the Cooling Water Loop 1 Defined as the difference between the exit back pressure and the input pressure 2 A 25 w filter is provided with the laser 4 3 Stabilite 2018 1 Install the water filter that is suppl
82. m assembly Remove the high reflector A small retaining screw Figure 7 3 holds the mirror spring clip in place Loosen the retaining screw and slide the spring clip to the side Do not adjust any other screws on the prism assembly and do not touch the optic or its holder with your fingers wear clean finger cots or powder free latex gloves Invert the assembly and drop the mirror onto a soft lint free surface Protective Cover Protective Cover Prism High Reflector for Storage Retaining Clip Figure 7 3 Stabilite Single line Prism Assembly 4 Clean the high reflector Clean the coated surface following the Tissue in Hemostat proce dure as outlined under General Procedures for Cleaning Optics Step 3 Install the high reflector in its holder The arrow on the barrel of the optic points to the coated surface and should face the cavity Once the mirror is in the holder slide the re taining spring back into place Clean the prism Danger Laser Radiation Maintenance Leave the prism in place it can be cleaned in its mount Clean the coated surface following the Tissue in Hemostat procedure as outlined under General Procedures for Cleaning Optics Step 3 a Wipe one surface bottom to top in a single motion Be care ful that the tip of the hemostat does not scratch the surface b Repeat this procedure with a fresh tissue on the second prism sur face A clean prism surface
83. n ail ai ree nE haat Gi a ai i ata O ei 6 11 Remote Reset ho iste hola bilia DL ie eee a EEE 6 11 Serial Poll Status Byte nent teen ete eens 6 11 AS 232 C Interface 3 icona ie boia labiale slo iaia ie 6 13 Operational alain 6 13 Data Transfer and Handshaking 0 6 14 Message FONE otra pipi E ER PEAREN 6 15 Command Format a igor hill eo RE a Lee OMe Ge ene habe theese 6 15 Response Format fici alora ia ALI siede ae ae Paks 6 16 Programming Example tip nti E ere aa le ei 6 16 Chapter 7 Maintenance ua ea 7 1 Notes on the Cleaning of Laser Optics c cece nent teens 7 1 Equipment REQuIred sirio ooo dee g dee deere dicey Eide peace died de ara 7 2 Cleaning Solutions Required 00 cece tenet e nett 7 3 General Procedures for Cleaning Optics 7 3 Cleaning Mirrors sirrien eee heen ee nid ee The pile e Meanie pee eh aoe ebe renee 7 5 Cleaning the Prism Assembly 0000 eee eee teen eee aae 7 6 Cleaning Plasma Tube Windows c cece eee eee teed beeen 7 8 Replacing the Water Filter eenia aeaa eth ae a ai A 7 9 Cleaning the Power Supply Water Filter Screen 7 10 Chapter 8 Service and Repair 00 8 1 Vertical Search Alignment Procedure ae 8 1 LaserHead Alignment carine Keely EE Li tO REG Bee ee Rea 8 2 Adjusting the Mirrors for Apparent Maximum Power 0 0 cee eee teeta 8 3 Troubleshooting s c20 tar sitio ale iii ai eed Stew Bi
84. n ohm meter to read the resistance across the wires going to the laser head pins 2 and 4 Figure 8 4 Troubleshooting Diagram Service and Repair Replacement Parts Table 8 2 Replacement Parts List Preliminary Description Part Number Fuse 2 A slow blow Fs Fg 5100 3024 Fuse 3 A 250 V F3 F4 5101 0610 Fuse 8 A 250 V F4 Fo Fio F12 5101 1020 Fuse 1 5 A 250 V F44 F13 5101 1290 Fuse 1 A 250 V ceramic F7 Fg Fo 5101 1430 Fuse 50 A 250 V main power fuses 5101 1440 Water filter cartridge 2604 0070 Shipping container Stabilite 2018 laser head 0450 4570 Shipping container Model 2550 power supply 0432 5400 8 7 Stabilite 2018 8 8 Chapter 9 Warranty Customer Service At Spectra Physics Lasers we take pride in the durability of our products Considerable emphasis has been placed on controlled manufacturing methods and quality control throughout the manufacturing process Never theless even the finest precision instruments will need occasional service We feel that our instruments have favorable service records compared to competitive products We hope to demonstrate in the long run that we provide excellent service to our customers in two ways First by provid ing the best equipment for the money and second by offering service facilities that restore your instrument to working condition as soon as possible Spectra Physics
85. n the opposite direction until lasing is restored Work only with that control until you get the unit lasing again If you cannot restore lasing refer to Chapter 8 Service and Repair Vertical Search Alignment Procedure c Adjust only the high reflector to achieve maximum power The curved output coupler should remain stationary under normal op erating conditions If its alignment is disturbed realignment may be time consuming and tedious If after adjusting the high reflec tor the output remains below specification clean the mirrors and plasma tube windows refer to Chapter 7 Maintenance Clean ing Optics 10 Set the MODE switch for power control and adjust output power to the desired level This completes the laser start up procedure Operation Automatic Fill Circuit After laser emission the automatic fill circuit has a 30 min delay period when no filling is permitted This allows the gas to warm up and stabilize After this delay period the fill system will fill the plasma tube with gas when required The remote control FILL STATUS indicator glows whenever the fill se quence is in process If the fill circuit cannot fill the tube it is either out of gas or there is an electro mechanical malfunction the FILL STATUS indicator will blink at a 1 Hz rate If this occurs immediately turn off the laser and call your Spectra Physics Lasers service representative Removing and Installing Mirror Holders Bay
86. not exposed to smoke or other air born contaminants Condensation due to excessive humidity can also contaminate the optical surfaces Try to provide a smoke free filtered dry environment for the laser The cleaner the environment the slower the rate of contamination Notes on the Cleaning of Laser Optics Ion lasers are oscillators that operate with gain margins of a few percent Losses due to unclean optics which might be negligible in ordinary opti cal systems can disable a laser Dust on mirror surfaces can reduce output power or cause total failure Cleanliness is therefore essential The main tenance techniques used with laser optics must be applied with extreme care and with attention to detail Clean is a relative description nothing is ever perfectly clean and no cleaning operation ever completely removes contaminants Cleaning is a process of reducing objectionable materials to acceptable levels Since cleaning simply dilutes contamination to the limit set by solvent im purities solvents must be as pure as possible and leave as little solvent on the surface as possible As any solvent evaporates it leaves impurities be hind in proportion to its volume Avoid re wiping a surface with the same lens tissue a used tissue and solvent will redistribute contamination they won t remove it Always use fresh solvent Both methanol and acetone collect moisture during prolonged exposure to air Avoid storage in bottles wher
87. nt clockwise until you establish sustained lasing c Adjust both the vertical and horizontal controls on the high re flector for maximum power d Ifyou do not see a flash and you are convinced you will never achieve lasing going in this direction turn the horizontal adjust ment in the other direction and repeat this procedure from step b The following procedures require removal of the laser head cover and defeat of its safety interlock Dangerous laser radiation is accessible when cavity seals are pulled back therefore permit only trained personnel to service and repair your laser system 8 1 Stabilite 2018 Danger Use appropriate caution and wear appropriated eyewear whenever the FeDe laser cover is removed and cavity seals are pulled back exposing the laser beam Figure 8 1 Vertical Search Technique Laser Head Alignment The Stabilite 2018 resonator is designed so the center of the aperture and the centers of both mirror mounts lie on the same line the resonator axis In order for the laser to provide optimum performance three conditions must be met e the line defined by the plasma tube bore must be centered on the reso nator axis e the flat high reflector must be normal to the resonator axis e the center of curvature of the output coupler must be on the resonator axis 8 2 Service and Repair Output Coupler Plasma Tube Bore High Reflector Aperture Resonator Axi
88. nt e eee eee 5 2 Automatic Fill Circuit zsir de heer eee chee eke behead Shee egli ee sh ade wee ed Be 5 3 Removing and Installing Mirror Holders LL 5 3 Bayonet style Mirror Holders LL 5 3 interchanging Mirrors a E a A ee een tenet A 5 3 Interchanging the Broadband Hlgh Reflector and Prism Assembly 22 00 22 ee eee 5 4 Wavelength Selection Using a Prism 5 5 Setting the Aperture for TEMog Output 5 5 Viewing the Mode eee eee ee en eee eens 5 7 Shutdown Procedure eresse ie signe phi i e e nice ater pide kaw S 5 7 vi Table of Contents Chapter 6 Optional Model 2680 Computer Interface Cl 6 1 DESEriploni ostato ate e ipa heen a e At 6 1 Computer Control Functions LL 6 2 Installation hie ee het ee tes grido Lee caret pioli levi podi lei arl 6 2 To Install the Computer Interface cece tenet eens 6 3 RS 232 Serial Interface Configuration Switch Settings SW 6 4 IEEE 488 Device Address Switch Settings SW2 LL 6 5 DTR RTS Settings SW3 0 6 5 COMIMANGS 20s zi A Ante tura ciated Marea Lilli ile ie a i a ira ia 6 6 Status Commands ica ea iii aiar 6 6 Control Command Sessi thiene dele 6 9 Power Supply On Default Condition LL 6 10 To use the Computer Interface e eens 6 10 Initializing the Computer Interface ananunua aaea 6 10 IEEE 488 INten ace veers secs cing atest ala pia ea ei Reni 6 11 Operatio
89. nts following it Data is always in integer form and must be in the range from 0 to 255 when in decimal format or 0000b to 1111b when in binary format refer to Commands earlier in this chapter Commands and keywords are reserved words that have unique meaning to the CI and can only be used for narrowly defined purposes A command string also includes the comma and line feed lt LF gt deli miter characters to separate command elements and to terminate each com mand These delimiters may be used interchangeably Typically the comma is used between elements of a command with lt LF gt used to terminate the command The delimiter between the command word and the element s following it may be omitted Command words and keywords might contain either upper or lower case alpha characters Spaces and all nonprintable characters except lt LF gt are ignored by the CI Consecutive delimiters are interpreted as a single deli miter all but the first are ignored Examples SET 1 127 lt LF gt SET 2 255 lt LF gt WRITE4 1001B WRITE5 0110B lt LF gt The use of delimiters permits simple message formatting allowing entry from either a terminal or computer program When entered from a terminal they may take the following form SET 1 127 lt CR gt lt LF gt If executed from a program they may look like this 10 A SET 20B 1 30 C 127 40 OUTPUT A B C 6 15 Stabilite 2018 Response Format Command words
90. odel 2550 Push each connector in until it seats then tighten the 2 screws to keep the cable from pulling loose Refer to Chapter 6 Optional Model 2680 Computer Interface RS 232 C Interface for information on how to set the CI dip switches for baud rate parity etc 4 5 Stabilite 2018 IEEE 488 Interface Many computers from Hewlett Packard and others and engineering test and measurement equipment from vendors such as Hewlett Packard Keithly and Fluke incorporate the IEEE 488 parallel bus into their products so that the computers can be used as automated controllers to operate the test equipment thus making the job of running and monitoring otherwise tedious tests easier for the manufacturing or test engineer Because of its popularity this bus is provided as an alternative control interface on the optional Model 2680 The IEEE 488 connector has 24 pins and a polarized shell with metric fas teners Up to 32 IEEE 488 compatible devices can be daisy chained to gether in either a serial or star network with one master controller and various talkers and listeners for drivers monitors and measuring de vices Refer to Chapter 6 Optional Model 2680 Computer Interface IEEE 488 Interface for a description of the interface and the CI com mands information on how to set the dip switches on the CI and informa tion on programming Refer to your computer manual or your third party TEEE 488 controller manual
91. on 647 1 nm for krypton 4 Specification represents rms noise at 647 1 nm krypton measured in a 10 Hz to 2 MHz bandwidth gt Specification applies for any 30 minute period after a 2 hour warm up Specification applies after a 2 hour warm up Table 1 2 Laser Mechanical Specifications Power Requirements Voltage Phase Current max Power Consumption Water Requirements 208 Vac 10 50 60 Hz 3 phase with ground 45 A per phase 208 Vac 16 kW Flow Rate 6 5 Ipm 1 7 gpm Pressure 138 689 kPa 20 100 psi Temperature at inlet 10 35 C 50 95 F pH Level 7 0 to 8 5 Hardness max lt 100 ppm dissolved solids Particulate Size lt 200 um dia Stabilite 2018 Table 1 2 Laser Mechanical Specifications Cont Power Dissipation Into Water Into Air Weight Laser Head Power Supply Umbilical length Power cord length Hose length 16 kW 910 Btu min 150 W 9 Btu min 95 5 kg 210 lbs 32 kg 70 Ibs 3m 9 ft 3m 9 ft 3m 9 ft Outline Drawings Stabilite 2018 Laser Head SM 38 5 f ir 97 79 si 2 37 3 16 20 gt e Tap 6 20 Output Stabitite 2018 S Spectra Physics 1 90 0 50 Beam y 4832 1 27 SI 4 75 28 00 I 7306 1 102 87 g 16 75 42 55 il mi 0 75 nil ts 5 22 13 26 A Model 2550 Power Supply inches A
92. onet style Mirror Holders Interchanging Mirrors Warning y Caution y The output coupler and high reflector use similar holders Both are de signed with a bayonet locking mechanism and incorporate a three ball op tical seating Changing optics is easy with repeatable results Very little if any adjustment of the high reflector is necessary when changing optics Optics are fragile and can be damaged if dropped Work over a clean dust free soft surface The Stabilite 2018 comes equipped with a set of mirrors designed for opti mum performance within the wavelength range specified at the time of purchase Be sure the laser is warmed up and stable before proceeding 1 Adjust the high reflector vertically and horizontally for maximum broadband power 2 Remove the broadband mirror holder Turn the mirror holder counterclockwise to snap it out of lock Turn it another 30 and pull it straight out of the mirror plate Do not leave the optical cavity of the laser open for extend periods of time Doing so shortens the life of the intracavity passive catalyst which absorbs intracavity O3 which contaminates the windows 3 Remove and replace the mirror The mirror holders use a spring loaded cup to hold the optic Using clean lint free finger cots or powder free latex gloves hold onto the cup and pull the optic out by its edges It fits snugly into the cup but will slide out easily 5 3 Stabilite 2018
93. ontrol or for a remote unit provided by the user See Table 3 2 earlier in this chapter for pin descriptions and assignments Power SUPPLY STATUS indicator glows to indicate the 5 Va power supply is working properly It must be glowing before the laser will start Controls Indicators and Connections Power Supply REMOTE Interface Pin Assignments Table 3 2 on the following pages describes the function of each pin in the REMOTE interface connector All logic inputs are optically coupled and require driving logic that can sink 10 mA with a logic TTL low voltage of less than 0 8 V Table 3 2 Remote Interface Pin Assignments Pin Name Type Description 1 GND Common Model 2550 power supply digital ground 2 GND Common Model 2550 power supply digital ground Selects control source When this input is pulled low control signals on input pins 4 5 6 7 and 8 are en abled When the input is inactive high signals on pins 3 Computer Remote Input 4 5 6 7 and 8 are ignored and control inputs are tak en from a computer connected through the Model 2180 computer interface Either one of two laser heads may be selected Inactive 4 Head Select put head A pulled low head B Selects power range Inactive or high 2 W pulled 5 Power Range Select Input low 10 W 6 Control Input Selects feedback mode Inactive or high current mode pulled low power mode 7 Not Connected The main on off switch Pulling this input low closes
94. ontrols Always adjust the high reflector for maxi mum power before changing from one set of controls to the other 6 Repeat this procedure using the horizontal coarse control The troubleshooting guide is provided to assist in isolating some of the problems that might arise in the power supply or laser head A complete repair procedure is beyond the scope of this manual For information con cerning repair by Spectra Physics Lasers see Chapter 9 Customer Service The laser head and power supply contain electrical circuits operating at high voltages Whenever access to the interior of the laser head or power supply is necessary and laser operation is required exercise ex treme caution to avoid contact with high voltages These high voltages are lethal Table 8 1 Troubleshooting Symptom Things to Check Dirty optics or plasma tube windows See corresponding sections in Chapter Low output power Maximum current too low Laser fails to start or plasma discharge ceases 7 Maintenance Incorrect optics Check that the optics in the laser are coated for the wave length you are using Error in setting Check for correct current setting and make sure that the ap erture and shutter are both open Be sure you are tuned to a strong line and that the power range setting is not limiting the power output if you are in pow er control mode Plasma tube or mirrors misaligned See Mirror Alignment or Pl
95. pment that proves defective during the warranty period provided prior authorization for such return has been given by an authorized representative of Spectra Physics Lasers Warranty repairs or replacement equipment is warranted only for the remaining unexpired portion of the original warranty period applicable to the re paired or replaced equipment This warranty does not apply to any instrument or component not manu factured by Spectra Physics Lasers When products manufactured by others are included in Spectra Physics Lasers equipment the original manufacturer s warranty is extended to Spectra Physics Lasers customers When products manufactured by others are used in conjunction with Spectra Physics Lasers equipment this warranty is extended only to the equipment manufactured by Spectra Physics Lasers Spectra Physics Lasers will provide at its expense all parts and labor and one way return shipping of the defective part or instrument if required This warranty does not apply to equipment or components that upon in spection by Spectra Physics Lasers discloses to be defective or unwork able due to abuse mishandling misuse alteration negligence improper installation unauthorized modification damage in transit or other causes beyond Spectra Physics Lasers control The above warranty is valid for units purchased and used in the United States only Products with foreign destinations are subject to a warranty surcharge Wa
96. r s Guide Laser Focus World Pennwell Publishing 10 Tara Blvd 5 Floor Nashua NH 03062 Tel 603 891 0123 Lasers and Optronics Buyer s Guide Lasers and Optronics Gordon Publications 301 Gibraltar Dr P O Box 650 Morris Plains NJ 07950 0650 Tel 201 292 5100 Photonics Spectra Buyer s Guide Photonics Spectra Laurin Publications Berkshire Common P O Box 4949 Pittsfield MA 01202 4949 Tel 413 499 0514 2 11 Stabilite 2018 2 12 Chapter 3 Controls Indicators and Connections System Controls This chapter describes the use and location of the Stabilite 2018 controls indicators and connections It is divided into three sections the Stabilite 2018 laser head the Model 2670 Remote Control and the Model 2550 power supply Chapter 6 fully describes the optional Model 2680 computer interface that is available for remote computer or terminal control of the Stabilite 2018 system The Stabilite 2018 Laser Head Output End Interlock Key Shutter Storage Position Emission Indicator Interlock Key Defeat Position Aperture Cavity Window Plastic Selector Seal Shroud Safety Shroud Output Coupler re Figure 3 1 Laser Head Interior Output End 3 1 Stabilite 2018 3 2 Output coupler OC is one of two intracavity mirrors and it is located at the output end of the laser Whereas the high reflector at the other end of the laser reflects all light back into the cavity
97. ra aca ecauncebaba a Nea y becant adhe TARA 1 13 These CE and CDRH standard safety warning labels would be appropriate for use as entry warning signs EN 60825 1 ANSI 4 3 10 1 0 0 0 cc eee eee eee 2 2 Folded Metal Beam Target 0 eect tne enes 2 2 Stabilite 2018 laser head safety interlock key emission indicator shutter and aperture 2 3 Power Supply Safety Interlock Switch 0 ccc eee eee tenes 2 4 Stabilite 2018 Radiation Control Drawing 2 6 Stabilite 2018 CDRH and Electrical Warning Labels 2 7 Laser Head Interior Output End 3 1 Laser Head Control Panel 3 3 PRISM ccc hielo aa ini lane alii iaia oleole 3 4 Model 2670 Remote Control 00 enean 3 5 Rear panel connections on the Model 2670 Remote Control 3 8 Power supply control panel 00 c cece tne eens 3 9 The Model 2550 Power Supply Control Panel 0000 eee cece eee eee 4 2 Connecting the Cooling Water Loop 0 cece teen teeeeeeeees 4 3 Transverse Modes ct D an een eee teens 5 6 Model 2550 Power Supply Connector Panel 6 2 The controller pc board mounting posts and connector J shown inside the power supply shielding tray 6 3 The Model 2680 Computer Interface showing DIP switches SW SW and SW3 6 4 Diagram of the serial poll status byte indicating the function of each bit 6 12 Standard RS 232 C Interconnections 0000 ee
98. rag method Figure 7 1 a Hold the optic horizontal with its coated surface up Place a sheet of lens tissue over it and squeeze a drop or two of acetone or methanol onto it b Slowly draw the tissue across the surface to remove dissolved contaminants and to dry the surface Pull the tissue slow enough so the solvent evaporation front immediately follows the tissue 1 e the solvent dries only after leaving the optic surface 7 3 Stabilite 2018 Figure 7 1 Cleaning the Mirror Surface Figure 7 2 Lens Tissue Folded for Cleaning Tissue in Hemostat 3 For stubborn contaminants and to access hard to reach places such as the windows use a tissue in a hemostat to clean the optic a Fold a piece of tissue in half repeatedly until you have a pad about 1 cm 0 5 in square and clamp it in a plastic hemostat Figure 7 2 Don t While folding do not touch the surface of the tissue that will contact the QD optic or you will contaminate the solvent Touch b If required cut the paper with a solvent cleaned tool to allow access to the optic c Saturate the tissue with acetone or methanol shake off the ex cess resaturate and shake again 7 4 Cleaning Mirrors Maintenance d Wipe the surface in a single motion Be careful that the hemostat does not touch the optic surface or the coating may be scratched After placing the optic you just cleaned into the beam inspect it to verify the opt
99. rd end opposite the REMOTE connector 4 Place the CI pc board into the tray on top of the controller board The interface connectors should protrude through their respective windows on the connector panel and the mounting standoffs from the controller ps board should be visible through the four mounting holes on the CI pc board 5 Using four 4 40 x in screws and washers mount the CI to the con troller pc board Figure 6 2 6 3 Stabilite 2018 6 Connect the remaining end of the ribbon cable to the connector on the end of the CI 7 Refer to two following sections below for information on setting the dip switches for each interface When this is done install the power supply cover RS 232 Serial Interface Configuration Switch Settings SW Both the CI and the host system connected to the RS 232 C connector must be configured to send and receive data at the same rate Refer to Figure 6 3 Table 6 1 and Table 6 2 to set DIP switches SW and SWp h i J J i rt t i il il ny da da t ASSEMBLY 0442 5040 REV MD Switch 2 SW2 Switch 1 SW Switch 3 SWs Figure 6 3 The Model 2680 Computer Interface showing DIP switches SW SW and SW Positions 5 through 8 of SW set the bit transmission baud rate for the CI Match the controller baud rate to the chosen CI rate The factory default setting for the CI is 4800 baud There are also three data format settings on t
100. red as a result of shipping If you need to return the laser for service these specially de signed crates assure adequate protection Spectra Physics Lasers considers itself responsible for the safety reliabil ity and performance of the Stabilite 2018 only under the following con ditions e All field installable options modifications or repairs are performed by persons trained and authorized by Spectra Physics Lasers e The equipment is used in accordance with the instructions provided in this manual System Components Accessory Kit e Stabilite 2018 laser head e Model 2550 power supply with optional Model 2680 computer inter face if ordered e Model 2670 remote control Included with the laser system is this manual a packing slip listing all the components shipped with this order and an accessory kit containing the following items e two hoses cooling system water supply and return lines XV Stabilite 2018 xvi a water filter with two extra filter cartridges plumbing fittings for connecting the water filter provided into the system supply line a tool kit containing 3 32 in ball drivers for optimizing laser output and a 5 32 in ball driver for adjusting the height of the laser a plastic hemostat a packet of Kodak Lens Cleaning Paper a prism assembly keys 2 for the Model 2670 remote control 50 A fuses 3 for the power supply various small medium current fuses 8 for the power
101. red to by the optical output power of the 647 1 nm line The Resonant Optical Cavity A resonant cavity defined by two mirrors provides feedback to the active medium Photons emitted parallel to the cavity axis are reflected returning to interact with other excited ions Stimulated emission produces two pho tons of equal energy phase and direction from each interaction The two become four four become eight and the numbers continue to increase geometrically until an equilibrium between excitation and emission is reached Both mirrors are coated to reflect the wavelength or wavelengths of in terest while transmitting all others One of the mirrors the output coupler transmits a fraction of the energy stored within the cavity and the escap ing radiation becomes the output beam of the laser For broadband or all lines operation the mirrors reflect a number of lines within a limited wavelength range about 70 nm maximum Adding a prism to the cavity limits oscillation to a single line The disper sion of the prism allows only one line to be perfectly aligned with the high reflector so the tilt of the prism determines which line will oscillate The laser oscillates within a narrow range of frequencies around the tran sition frequency The width of the frequency distribution the linewidth and its amplitude depend on the gain medium its temperature and the magnitude of the population inversion Linewidth is determ
102. rranty extensions for incremental 6 month 750 hour periods can be purchased before the expiration date of any prior warranty Warranty Return Procedure Warning M Contact your nearest Spectra Physics Lasers field sales office service cen ter or local distributor for shipping instructions or an on site service ap pointment You are responsible for one way shipment of the defective part or instrument to Spectra Physics Lasers We encourage you to use the original Spectra Physics Lasers packing boxes to secure instruments during shipment If shipping boxes have been lost or destroyed we recommend that you order new ones Spectra Physics Lasers will only return instruments in Spectra Physics Lasers containers Always drain the cooling water from the laser head before shipping Water expands as it freezes and will damage the laser Even during warm spells or summer months freezing may occur at high altitudes or in the cargo hold of aircraft Such damage is excluded from warranty cov erage Service Centers Customer Service Australia Spectra Physics Pty Ltd 25 Research Drive Croydon Victoria 3136 Telephone 03 761 5200 Fax 03 761 5600 Benelux Spectra Physics B V Prof Dr Dorgelolaan 20 5613 AM Eindhoven The Netherlands Telephone 40 2 65 99 59 Fax 40 2 43 99 22 France Spectra Physics SARL Z A de Courtaboeuf Avenue de Scandinavie 91941 Les Ulis Cedex Telephone 01 1 69 18 63 10 Fax
103. s 1 Set the aperture to 3 Aligning the beam to a large aperture allows the intracavity beam to be aligned slightly off center to the aperture Later when a smaller aperture is used it is possible for the intracavity beam to be nonsym metrically clipped 2 Walk the mirrors to achieve maximum output power Adjust the high reflector for maximum power then use its vertical coarse adjustment to detune the output to 30 60 of its maximum value Next adjust the vertical control on the output coupler in the opposite direction i e if the high reflector control was turned clock wise turn the output coupler control counter clockwise Be careful Only adjust one set of controls at a time If the laser stops lasing reverse the direction of mirror movement until lasing is re stored 3 Observe the change in output power as you turn the output coupler control a If the output maximum exceeds the original value walk the mir rors in the same direction again Repeat until the power reaches its maximum Service and Repair Troubleshooting Danger YU b If output fails to reach the original value walk the mirrors in the opposite direction 4 Adjust the high reflector for maximum power 5 Repeat this procedure using the horizontal coarse controls Always find the maximum power with one set of controls before mov ing to the other set i e finish with the vertical controls before you move the horizontal c
104. s Center of Curvature Figure 8 2 Schematic Representation of Ideal Resonator Alignment Your laser is factory aligned and under normal operating conditions should only require the preventive practices described in Chapter 7 Maintenance to meet its performance specifications If you discover a significant drop in power the source of the problem is probably one of the following e Contaminated dirty optics e Misaligned mirrors e Misaligned plasma tube The procedures in this section allow you to solve these problems thereby returning your laser to optimum performance They are listed in the order you should perform them The most probable cause of poor performance is contaminated optics they should be cleaned before you try anything else If the problem persists after cleaning the mirrors clean the plasma tube win dows Then align the mirrors Finally if all else fails align the plasma tube If the laser has been cleaned and aligned and you are sure that it is produc ing maximum power but its performance remains below specification call your Spectra Physics Lasers service representative Adjusting the Mirrors for Apparent Maximum Power Patience and attention to detail are required to assure proper alignment First adjust the laser for apparent maximum power Then walk the beam along the parallel mirrors until you have satisfied yourself by trial and error that no additional power can be coaxed from the unit
105. s a saturation parameter G is the small signal gain L is the gain length and f is the sum of all cavity losses 6 The transmission of the output coupler should be the greatest of the cavity losses it should be greater than the sum of all others Ideally B which is caused by unwanted absorption reflection diffraction and transmission should be zero Cleanliness of plasma tube processing operations which eliminates contaminants that can find their way to the inside surfaces of the mirrors is essential to improved ion laser output Cleanliness of other cavity elements including both mirrors and the outside window surfaces is also very important A sealed cavity with an incorporated intracavity passive catalyst contributes to overall performance by minimizing the ef fect of ozone on the window surface Stabilite 2018 System Description The following components comprise the Stabilite 2018 general purpose ion laser e Stabilite 2018 laser head e Model 2550 power supply e Model 2670 remote control Optional accessories for the Stabilite 2018 include e Model 2680 computer interface e Optics set for 413 nm operation Stabilite 2018 Laser Head 1 8 The Stabilite 2018 laser head employs a brass cylinder for use as a coaxial resonator The resonator defines the optical cavity and provides cavity stability to prevent changes in output power Its design is also critical for good beam pointing stability The cylinder also
106. t Return for pin 17 buffered 5 V reference output and pin 4 voltage monitor output Command signal 0 to 5 V full scale that selects the optical output power when the laser is operated in the power mode pin 6 low May be used to manually select the power set point when it is connected to the wiper arm of a 10 kQ potentiometer Connect the other two terminals of the pot across the pins 17 buffered 5 V REF and 37 control common a When the 10 W power range is selected pin 5 pulled low the input selects from 0 to 10 W at 2 W V b When the 2 W power range is selected pin 5 inactive the input selects from 0 to 2 W at 0 4 W V Inputs exceeding the minimum and maximum current limits of the power supply will be clipped Return for set point inputs pin 18 modulation pin 19 current control and pin 36 power control 3 13 Stabilite 2018 3 14 Chapter 4 Installation The Stabilite 2018 laser system is extremely easy to install Simply place the laser head power supply and controller near each other then plug the laser head umbilical into the back of the power supply 2 connections plug the controller into the back of the power supply and hook up the two cooling hoses Note a The following installation procedures are not intended as guides to the initial installation and set up of your laser Customer training is avail able through the Spectra Physics Lasers service department If you wis
107. t up to initialize the CI Four CONFIGURE commands must be sent fol lowed by two WRITE statements refer to Control Commands to per form the initialization and to disable the REMOTE connector Once initialized only a computer or terminal connected through one of the CI interfaces can control the power supply These must be the first six lines of code in order to properly initialize the CI PRINT 1 CONFIGURE 4 INPUT NONCLOCKED PRINT 1 CONFIGURE 5 INPUT NONCLOCKED PRINT 1 CONFIGURE 6 OUTPUT NONCLOCKED PRINT 1 CONFIGURE 7 OUTPUT NONCLOCKED PRINT 1 WRITE 6 12 PRINT 1 WRITE 7 1 The CI is now initialized to these settings Interface computer Plasma control off Mode current Power range 2W Refer to your IEEE 488 controller manual for specific hardware set up in formation and to your BASIC manual GW BASIC BASICA or QuickBASIC for information on BASIC command statements Other programming lan guages may also be used Computer Interface IEEE 488 Interface Operation The IEEE 488 interface conforms to the ANSI IEEE standard 488 1978 and comprises a user supplied bus controller and from 1 to 32 I O devices that are defined and addressed by the controller as talkers listeners or talker listeners This bus is often referred to as the GPIB General Purpose Inter face Bus or the HPIB Hewlett Packard Interface Bus Talkers are input devices that can only monitor
108. tachment POWER Connector HEAD Cable Connector Figure 3 6 Power supply control panel 3 9 Stabilite 2018 3 10 The power supply provides power conversion from 208 Vac line voltage to the dc supplies required by the laser It also provides control logic and safety interlocks for operating the system as well as interfaces for user control Your system may or may not contain the optional Model 2680 computer interface which is described in Chapter 6 Umbilical cable provides connection for the laser head umbilical cable To detach the cable from the power supply disconnect the medium current harness at J on the power pc board the board with the small fuses the control cable from Jo on the control pc board the board in the tray and the ground cable from the lug on the back panel Next remove the four Allen screws from the umbilical hub and remove the umbilical The umbilical is permanently attached to the laser head Optional RS 232 C serial connection provides a serial connection for a computer or terminal for remote control of the system Refer to Chapter 6 Optional Model 2680 Computer Interface for more information Optional IEEE 488 parallel connection provides a parallel connection for a computer or terminal for remote control of the system Refer to Chapter 6 Optional Model 2680 Computer Interface for more informa tion REMOTE connector provides connection for either the standard Model 2470 remote c
109. te with the remote control key switch in the ON position and that the key can only be removed when the switch is in the OFF position 3 Verify that the emission indicator provides a visible signal when the laser emits accessible laser radiation that exceeds the accessible emis sion limits for Class I 4 Verify that a time delay exists between the turn on of the emission indicator and the starting of the laser it must give enough warning to allow action to avoid exposure to laser radiation 5 Verify that the beam attenuator laser head shutter actually blocks exposure to laser radiation 6 Verify that removing either the laser head or power supply cover shuts off the laser 7 Verify that when either the laser head or power supply cover inter lock is defeated Figure 2 3 and Figure 2 4 the defeat mechanism is clearly visible and prevents installation of the cover until disengaged CDRH Requirements for a Custom Remote Control or for Operation with the Optional Model 2680 Computer Interface The Stabilite 2018 laser head and the Model 2550 power supply comply with all CDRH safety standards when operated with the Model 2670 remote control provided with the system However when the laser and power supply are operated without the remote control through either the optional Model 2680 computer interface or a user supplied system you must provide the following in order to satisfy CDRH regulations Key Switch to limit laser access
110. ter 6 Warning M Description Optional Model 2680 Computer Interface CI The Stabilite 2018 laser can be operated using one of the following control methods e The Model 2670 remote control that is provided with the system It is connected to the Model 2550 power supply REMOTE connector e A computer or terminal that is connected to the optional Model 2680 computer interface using either either the IEEE 488 or RS 232 inter face e A user supplied controller that is connected to the power supply REMOTE connector Spectra Physics Lasers recommends the use of the Model 2670 remote control or the optional Model 2680 computer interface for controlling the Stabilite 2018 Repair for power supply damage resulting from the use of any other controller is not covered under warranty This section describes the optional Model 2680 computer interface CD The CI allows the laser system to be run from a computer or terminal via an RS 232 C serial or IEEE 488 parallel interface Figure 6 1 shows the lo cation of the two interface connectors on the power supply The CI can be ordered with the system or separately at a later date To order call your Spectra Physics Lasers representative and request a Model 2680 com puter interface for the Model 2550 power supply The CI contains the hardware and firmware to translate commands sent via the IEEE 488 or RS 232 C interface into system signals and vice versa Typically the remote
111. the output coupler allows part of the intracavity beam to escape as the laser beam The OC is held in a cup shaped retainer at the end of a bayonet type holder Figure 3 1 Turning the holder counterclockwise 30 disengages the holder from the output mirror plate and allows it to be pulled straight out of the laser To replace the mirror holder insert it back into the laser and rotate it until it goes all the way in Then turn it clockwise 30 until it clicks into place Once the holder is out of the laser the mirror can be removed by simply pulling it out of the cup When replacing the mirror note the small arrow on the barrel which points to the coated surface The coated side must always face the cavity Interlock key disables the interlock switch Figure 3 1 to allow the laser to lase when the cover is removed To disable the switch place the key in the slot and turn it 90 clockwise to lock it in place To remove it do just the opposite When the key is in place it stands up and prevents the cover from being installed When not being used the key is stored in a clip located near the interlock switch Emission indicator glows either when the laser is on or when it is capable of emitting laser radiation It is located at the output end of the laser Figure 3 1 Shutter blocks the laser cavity and prevents the laser from lasing The control lever Figure 3 1 is located on the laser head near the aperture lever The shutter
112. the power contactor and begins warming the tube 8 Plasma On Off Input cathode The laser will light after approximately 15 sec Auxiliary Interlock If the interlock is open the output is inactive high if 9 Output ia Open it is closed the output is pulled low If the head outlet water temperature exceeds 60 C 10 High Water Temp Output 140 F the output is inactive high otherwise the output is pulled low If the head cover is removed the output is inactive qi Head Cover Interlock Output high otherwise output is pulled low If the cooling water falls below 1 8 US gal min the out 12 Low Water Flow Output put is inactive high otherwise the output is pulled low Inactive high indicates over current pulled low indi 13 Over Current Fault Output cates no fault 14 Tube Voltage Monitor Output 0 to 5 V represents 0 to 300 V 15 Tube Current Monitor Output 0 to 5 V represents 0 to 50 V 0 to 5 V represents 0 to 2 W in the low power range POW OE MONIOL Output or 0 to 10 W in the high power range 17 Bufiorgd 3 V Refere Output 5 V reference 10 mA maximum ence 3 11 Stabilite 2018 Table 3 2 Remote Interface Pin Assignments cont Pin 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Name Modulation Set Point Current Control Set Point Not Connected Not Connected Digital Input Common Auxiliary Interlock Auxiliary Interlock Return Key Interlock Key Interlock Open
113. ty hazard Use a neutral density attenuator for mode observations and adjustments and make sure the beam only strikes low reflectance surfaces Place a positive lens focal length of about 1 5 cm in the beam path and observe the beam expanded to about 0 5 m on a wall or screen Multi mode conditions appear as complex variations in the pattern As the diam eter of the aperture is reduced the multimode patterns will shrink in overall diameter and the rapid intensity variations across the beam will disappear TEMog output should occur with one of the available aperture sizes Shutdown Procedure 1 Turn off the key switch and remove the key If system start up is controlled by a password on a computer log out to the point that a password would be required to once again start the laser If a key floppy or tape is used remove the floppy or tape from the computer Do not leave the laser accessible to people who are un trained in laser safety or operation To allow accumulated heat in the plasma tube to dissipate into the circulating cooling water wait about 2 minutes after plasma current has been turned off before turning off the water supply 5 7 Stabilite 2018 5 8 Turning the water off abruptly will cause the water in the jacket around the tube to become over heated and vapor pockets to form resulting in a non even cooling of the tube 3 Open the main circuit breaker This completes the shutdown procedure Chap
114. upling of the power supply WATER TEMP indicator denotes water exiting the laser head exceeds 60 C 140 F The laser automatically shuts off to prevent overheating and damage To correct this fault provide cooler water to the system OVER CURRENT indicator denotes excessive plasma tube current has occurred shutting off the laser Look for the cause of the current surge before restarting the laser or damage to the power supply or plasma tube may result Typically it is due to unstable line voltage when running the laser at high output power HEAD COVER indicator denotes an open laser head interlock switch Replace the laser head cover or insert the interlock defeat key prior to re starting the laser AUX INTLK indicator denotes an open auxiliary interlock circuit The connector is on the rear of the Model 2670 remote control Removing the shorting jumper plug opens the circuit When the interlock is open the laser is prevented from starting or if opened while the laser is running it shuts the laser off The jumper can be removed and the plug wired to an auxiliary safety de vice that can shut off the laser in an emergency For example the plug can be wired to a normally closed safety switch that is attached to an area access door When the door is opened the laser shuts off Always verify the interlock switch is closed or that the jumper plug is in place prior to restarting the laser Controls Indicators and Connections
115. urned Status Interlock Interlock Interlock 0 Okay Open Open Open 1 Okay Open Open Closed 2 Okay Open Closed Open 3 Okay Open Closed Closed 4 Okay Closed Open Open 5 Okay Closed Open Closed 6 Okay Closed Closed Open 7 Okay Closed Closed Closed 8 Low Open Open Open 9 Low Open Open Closed 10 Low Open Closed Open 11 Low Open Closed Closed 6 7 Stabilite 2018 6 8 Note a Warning M Table 6 6 READ 5 cont Decimal No Fill Key Over Current Auxiliary Returned Status Interlock Interlock Interlock 12 Low Closed Open Open 13 Low Closed Open Closed 14 Low Closed Closed Open 15 Low Closed Closed Closed Of these responses only four are commonly observed 7 is the okay response from READ 5 all interlocks are closed and the fill level is okay i e the system is operating properly 15 shows the interlocks are closed but the fill level is low 3 5 or 6 is returned if one of the interlocks opens usually the key switch and shuts down the system Although more than one interlock can be open typically there is only one interlock open If an interlock fault occurs and the remote jumper plug is used or if the over current fault occurs turn off the main power to the system then turn it back on to reset the interlock The CI must then once again be initialized before it can be used refer to Power Supply ON Default Condition Initializing the Interface later in this chapter Alternating 7 and
116. will scatter little or no light when the laser is Operating 7 Screw the prism cover back over the prism assembly 8 Install the prism assembly in the laser 9 Open the shutter If the prism assembly is installed with its cover off a portion of the intracavity beam is reflected upward Figure 7 4 from each face of the prism Avoid eye contact with these beams Reflected 4 Beams ee I Intracavity _ Mirror Figure 7 4 A portion of the intracavity beam is reflected upward from each face of the prism 10 Adjust the high reflector vertically and horizontally for maximum op tical output power This completes the procedure for cleaning the prism assembly optics 7 7 Stabilite 2018 Cleaning Plasma Tube Windows Danger Laser Radiation Warning M Warning W Don t Touch Caution M The following procedure requires removing the laser head cover and defeating its safety interlock Dangerous laser radiation is accessible when the cavity seals are pulled back therefore permit only trained personnel to service and repair your laser system If specified power cannot be achieved after an acetone or methanol acetone cleaning of all optical components stop Further scrubbing may damage the surface Call your Spectra Physics Lasers service rep resentative Perform the following procedure only if after the mirrors have been cleaned and the output power maximized the
117. ys sponta neously from 4s to the ionic ground state emitting a photon in the vacuum ultraviolet uv about 74 nm as it leaves the lower level of the lasing transition The population in the ionic ground state at any given time is small Re combination processes return ions to the neutral atom energy level scheme therefore there is no tendency toward a self absorption bottle neck a population buildup in the lower laser levels Introduction 1 2 4p2S 3 2 2p0 1 4p P 3 2 2n0 5 5 4p D 2 4p4D0 4s P 3 2 Figure 1 3 Energy Levels of the 4p 4s Argon Ion Laser Transitions The existence of only two lower states for a large number of visible laser transitions suggests that strong competition between lines with a common lower level may exist Such competition would manifest itself as im proved performance of a given line during single line operation compared to its strength when all lines are present Although competition exists its effect is minor and single line operation improves the power of principal lines by less than 10 Even those upper state populations that are shared by more than one laser transition only exhibit minor competition effects Therefore the use of a prism or other dispersing element in continuous wave cw argon ion lasers is not necessarily advantageous except in single line applications Ion laser gain is directly affected by several factors including discharge current dens

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Stabilite® 2018 - Spectra