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Stabilite 2017 - Spectra

1. 6 5 Wavelength Selection Using a Prism sssssissssssssessesesso 6 5 Setting the Aperture for TEMog Output eee 6 6 Viewing HE ModS 42 bs oe RR dba peka ease ne le eee a debe oa be REPRISES 6 7 Chapter 7 Model 2680 Computer Interface sss 7 1 Description ELLA AD AE hotte so E MUN ota lo A Mesoj SE INS 7 2 Computer Control Functions 0 0 00 cette 7 2 InstallatiOn 53535 ipie Sea een menus s dieu ead eee Sk gee SREE Nd exe A EA 7 2 To lnstall the Cl 2 icem RISE deed aig dace ste een Rade np 7 2 Gomimahds mit ro pie ek docui c EM MART cattle o Aer e Me Rt d fed 7 8 Status Commands osos ELLE AN KA RS esta ia ee Pado regie qe ra petet ien qe 7 8 Gohtrol Commandss re ek us Race knalo KUNA A age ce dus E ex etna eA 7 6 Power Supply On Default Condition sssssss rn 7 7 Toxusedhe G zo ceo cette tee Ni chi eL a SK Suds a dere LUE 7 7 Initializing the Interface ss RR RI A Rt 7 7 IEF E 488 Interface cux uem been p rx mete orate dew atur ka es Gt ee eae 7 8 Operation llores a Ray Re Eb ka pde ede A rure eir MAD A 7 8 Meimmote eseb 5 sua suk l dea aa o a sc e Nau Ae ss 7 8 Serial Poll Status Byte ssssslsssssususessesseastosv 7 8 SW DIP Switch Setting rise ike Eee o A NE a a Re as EO RR RU RE RE a ka La 7 10 HS 232 C Interface
2. sssssssssssseessssesso0c 4 2 Table 4 2 Model 2670 Controller Interface Pin Assignments 4 10 Table 5 1 Stabilite 2017 Cooling Water Requirements s ss sssssiss 5 5 Table 6 1 Aperture Diameters i i sss e n 6 6 Table 7 1 SAMPLE a e xt ese ed E ue RR e Ede a 7 4 Table 7 2 READ 4 7 suisteiuita tet he bbs ska a edd Table 7 3 BEAD 5 i e R49 tau deena ERE ERG ERR dE Table 7 4 WRITEp n s ssssssssssoo Table 7 5 SW DIP switch settings for Selecting Device Address Table 7 6 Standard RS 232 C Interconnections Table 7 7 SW Baud Rate Settings Table 7 8 SW Mode Select Settings Table 7 9 CI Command Abbreviations Table 9 1 Replacement Parts Notes Report Form for Problems and Solutions Table of Contents xi Stabilite 2017 lon Laser xii Chapter 1 Introduction The Stabilite 2017 System The Laser Head The Stabilite 2017 general purpose ion laser comprises three main ele ments e Stabilite 2017 laser head Model 2550 power supply Model 2670 controller Optional accessories for the Stabilite 2017 include e Model 2680 computer interface e Extender feet PN 0440 5710 d LI 2 ku KUN KU KIU All 4 u ID gt Figure 1 1 The Stabilite 2017 Laser System The laser head is fully
3. s tees 2 5 SKUE as ooo kie Nu o oue Mandl ENVI LA malu M aa o NET SN E Ej AO 2 5 Cover Safety InterloCkS seseo sehr ek spka naa wee eh eines ai be ka gea vuan a NP iE 2 5 Auxiliary Safety Interlock eee 2 7 Operation with the Prism Cover Off 0 0000 c cette 2 7 CE CDRH Radiation Control DrawingS isses rn 2 8 CE CDRH Warning Labels aneu rest eind n a A A ete eee 2 9 Label Translations ss marmapo buo DERI apg baled hedged Site gh waded PES Adee abana 2 10 CE Declaration of Conformity Emissions ss rh 2 11 CE Declaration of Conformity Low Voltage ssssslssssssses sss 2 12 Vii Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Sources for Additional Information ssi ssisssissssssissssusss 2 13 LaserSafetyStandards sssssssessessesstssssstistooos 2 13 Equipment and Training rue x RES KAKIA OKA EN KEA LES RTL IN Ke SI vee Vee 2 14 Chapter 3 LaserDescription sssss sssss 3 1 Emission and AbsorptionofLight teeta 3 1 Population Inversion a iia a E a AEE e a iaa D a a a ee 3 2 Argon as an Excitation Medium 00 cette ee 3 4 The Resonant Optical Cavity s eee eee 3 5 Power Performance Considerations 000 0 cece nen 3 7 Stabilite 2017 System Description 0 eee 3 7 The
4. c29 C49 UR Ca m E T UNIVERSA INTERFACE P C B ASSEMBLY p442 5040 REV SEND ON Switch 2 SW Switch 1 SW Switch 3 SW3 Figure 7 3 Model 2680 Computer Interface Model 2680 Computer Interface RS 232 C Interface Operation The RS 232 interface standard classifies serial I O devices as either Data Terminal Equipment DTE or Data Communications Equipment DCE The standard further identifies a serial connector as a 25 pin D sub type and uses its 25 pins as various data and control lines When IBM intro duced the IBM PC AT they redefined the serial port this time using a 9 pin D sub connector and standardized the usage of each pin It is now a defacto standard for PC compatible computers Although the signals are well defined for the 9 pin connector the same is not true of the older 25 pin connector And unfortunately manufacturers of serial I O devices have provided incompatible definitions As a result there is no guaranty that any two devices will communicate with each other until all hardware and data format settings have been configured to match the requirements of the mat ing device The serial interface of the CI is an RS 232 compatible interface configured to emulate DCE equipment that use 25 pin connectors Signal inputs and outputs of the serial interface are likely to be compatible with most com puters and terminals configured as DTE equipment If the CI is connected to another DCE device an i
5. Write 7 n turns the laser on or off n is specified as a decimal number from 0 to 13 Table 7 4 Write p n Command Power Range Control Mode WRITE 6 0 10 W Power WRITE 6 1 10 W Power WRITE 6 4 10 W Current WRITE 6 5 10 W Current WRITE 6 8 2W Power WRITE 6 9 2W Power WRITE 6 12 2W Current WRITE 6 13 2W Current WRITE 7 0 Laser on WRITE 7 1 Laser off Model 2680 Computer Interface Power Supply On Default Condition Unless the REMOTE jumper plug supplied with the CI is connected to the REMOTE connector the Model 2550 power supply defaults to the REMOTE connector as its primary interface even if the power supply contains a CI Therefore either the Model 2670 controller or a custom control device attached to this connector has primary control and CI controls are disabled If the jumper plug is used the CI has primary control but it must be initial ized prior to use Refer to Initializing the Interface below To use the CI 1 The MODE switch on the Model 2670 controller must be set to IEEE 488 RS 232 2 Ifa custom control device is used pin 3 of the REMOTE connector must be set to 5 Vdc logic level high or be allowed to float open or tri stated 3 The CI must then be initialized Initializing the Interface The Configure command is unique It is only used at system start up to ini tialize the CI Four Configure commands are sent followed by two Write statements refer to
6. CONFIGURE 7 0UT NON Configure CI port 7 PRINT 1 SET 1 255 Set current control high PRINT 1 WRITE 7 0 Turn on plasma GOSUB 310 Wait 1 min PRINT 1 SET 1 100 Set current control low GOSUB 310 Wait 1 min PRINT 1 SET 1 255 Set current control high GOSUB 310 Wait I min FOR X 1 to 400 Start 1 min modulation PRINT 1 SET 1 255 Set current control high FOR Y 1 to 25 Delay NEXT Y PRINT 1 SET 1 100 Set current control low FOR Y 1 to 25 Delay NEXT Y NEXT X End modulation loop PRINT 1 SET 1 255 Set current control high GOSUB 310 Wait 1 min PRINT 1 WRITE 7 1 Turn off plasma GOSUB 310 Wait 2 min GOSUB 310 GOTO 110 Repeat 7 min cycle FOR X 1 to 21700 1 min delay subroutine NEXT X RETURN END Stabilite 2017 lon Laser 7 16 Chapter 8 Maintenance Notes on the Cleaning of Laser Optics Ion lasers are oscillators that operate with gain margins of a few percent Losses due to unclean optics which might be negligible in ordinary optical systems can disable a laser Dust on mirror surfaces and windows can reduce output power or cause total failure Cleanliness is essential and the maintenance techniques used with laser optics must be applied with extreme care and attention to detail Clean is a relative term nothing is ever perfectly clean and no cleaning operation ever completely removes contaminants Cleaning is a process of reducing objectionable materials to acceptable levels
7. Control Commands to perform the initialization and disable the REMOTE connector Once initialized only a computer or termi nal connected through one of the CI interfaces can control the power sup ply These must be the first six lines of code PRINT 1 CONFIGURE 4 INPUT NONCLOCKED PRINT 1 CONFIGURE 5 INPUT NONCLOCKED PRINT 1 CONFIGURE 6 OUTPUT NONCLOCKED PRINT 1 CONFIGURE 7 OUTPUT NONCLOCKED PRINT 1 WRITE 6 12 PRINT H1 WRITE 7 1 The Cl is now initialized to these settings interface computer plasma control off mode current power range 2W Refer to your IEEE 488 controller manual for specific hardware set up information and to your BASIC manual for information on BASIC com mand statements Other programming languages may also be used Stabilite 2017 lon Laser IEEE 488 Interface Operation The IEEE 488 interface conforms to the ANSI IEEE standard 488 1978 and comprises a user supplied bus controller and from 1 to 32 I O devices that are defined and addressed by the controller as talkers listeners or talker listeners Talkers are input devices that can only monitor events and send data to the controller e g digital voltmeters They talk to the controller Con versely listeners are output devices that listen to the controller and send signals from it to the real world e g to digital to analog converters DACs Talker listeners operate
8. Controls Indicators and Connections The Model 2670 Controller for information on its controls and functions and to Chapter 6 Operation for information on how to use it to operate the laser system Installing the Computer Interface Cable When the optional Model 2680 computer interface is installed a computer or terminal can be connected to either the RS 232 serial interface or the IEEE 488 parallel interface on the power supply connector panel Refer to your computer manual for information on the type of interface it uses RS 232 C Interface To use the RS 232 interface 1 Connect the computer to the laser system 5 3 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Connect a serial cable between the RS 232 connector on the power sup ply and the mating connector on the back of the computer or terminal IBM PCs and compatibles use a polarized 25 or 9 pin connector with pins not sockets for the serial port The other 25 pin connector with sockets is a modified Centronics parallel printer port Do not connect to this port Refer to Chapter 7 The Model 2680 Computer Interface RS 232 Interface Operation for a description of the RS 232 serial interface for information on how to set the CI dip switches for baud rate parity etc and on how to use it Table 7 6 in that same section shows the connector pinout for both the IBM PC 25 pin and IBM PC AT 9 pin connectors Use this as a guide for wiring your connecting cable Manufacturer
9. Once out the mirror can be removed by simply pulling it out of the cup When replacing the mirror note the small arrow on the barrel which points to the coated surface The coated side must always face the cavity Prism assembly replaces the high reflector assembly and adds a prism to the cavity to provide wavelength tuning capability The prism assembly includes an integral high reflector The prism disperses the laser beam bending individual lines according to their wavelength and a line will oscillate if its angle of refraction through the prism matches the vertical rotation angle of the prism As you adjust the high reflector vertically the angle at which the beam strikes the prism changes and with it the wave length of the oscillating line Protective Cap Prism Assembly Figure 4 3 The Stabilite 2017 Prism Assembly Emission indicator white glows either when the laser is on or capable of emitting laser radiation Umbilical provides a conduit for high current power from the power supply for the laser head as well as control cables for operating the laser It is permanently attached to the laser head The other end is semi perma nently attached to the power supply see the Model 2550 Power Supply below Cooling hoses 2 provide cooling water to the laser head from the power supply and returns the heated water to either a drain or a return conduit of a cooling tower They are permanently attached to t
10. Since cleaning simply dilutes contamination to the limit set by solvent impurities solvents must be as pure as possible Use fresh spectroscopic electronic or reagent grade solvents and leave as little solvent on the sur face as possible As any solvent evaporates it leaves impurities behind in proportion to its volume Avoid rewiping a surface with the same tissue a used tissue will redistribute contamination it will not remove it Both methanol and acetone collect moisture during prolonged exposure to air Avoid storage in large bottles where a large volume of moist air is trapped above the solvent Laser optics other than windows are made by vacuum depositing microthin layers of materials of varying indices of refraction on glass sub strates If the surface is scratched to a depth as shallow as 0 01 mm the operating efficiency of the optical coating will be reduced significantly Stick to the following principles whenever you clean any optical surface e Remove and clean one optical element at a time retuning the laser if necessary after each element is replaced If all optics are removed and replaced as a group all reference points will be lost making realign ment extremely difficult e Work in a clean environment over an area covered by a soft cloth or pad e Wash your hands thoroughly with liquid detergent Body oils and con taminants can render otherwise fastidious cleaning practices useless In addition wear clean fin
11. 9 Belmont CA 94002 4044 Tel 415 591 7600 2 13 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Equipment and Training 2 14 Laser Safety Guide Laser Institute of America 12424 Research Parkway Suite 125 Orlando FL 32826 Tel 407 380 1553 Laser Focus World Buyer s Guide Laser Focus World Penwell Publishing 10 Tara Blvd 5 Floor Nashua NH 03062 Tel 603 891 0123 Lasers and Optronics Buyer s Guide Lasers and Optronics Gordon Publications 301 Gibraltar Drive P O Box 650 Morris Plains NJ 07950 0650 Tel 201 292 5100 Photonics Spectra Buyer s Guide Photonics Spectra Laurin Publications Berkshire Common PO Box 4949 Pittsfield MA 01202 4949 Tel 413 499 0514 Chapter 3 Laser Description Emission and Absorption of Light Laser is an acronym derived from Light Amplification by Stimulated Emis sion of Radiation Thermal radiators such as the sun emit light in all direc tions the individual photons having no definite relationship with one another But because the laser is an oscillating amplifier of light and because its output comprises photons that are identical in phase direction and amplitude it is unique among light sources Its output beam is singu larly directional intense monochromatic and coherent Radiant emission and absorption take place within the atomic or molecular structure of materials The contemporary model of atomic structure describes an electrically neutral system composed of a n
12. CE CDRH Warning Labels 0 000 ccc cette eee 2 9 Figure 2 8 Electrical Safety Labels 0 0 0 0 ccc cece eee 2 10 Figure 3 1 Electrons occupy distinct orbitals that are defined by the probability of finding an electron at a given position the shape of the orbital being determined by the radial and angular dependence of the probability tees 3 2 Figure 3 2 A typical four level laser transition scheme a compared to that of visible argon b One electron collision ionizes neutral argon and a second pumps the ion to an excited state 3 3 Figure 3 3 Energy Levels of the 4p 4s Argon lon Laser Transitions 3 4 Figure 3 4 Frequency Distribution of Longitudinal Modes for a Single Line 3 6 Figure 3 5 Outline Drawings s s ss RR Rm mue 3 11 Figure 4 1 Laser Head Interior Output End sesk kakak kaka 4 1 Figure 4 2 Laser Head Control Panel s sss sssssssesseessoo 4 3 Figure 4 3 The Stabilite 2017 Prism Assembly LL eee eee 4 4 Figure 4 4 Front Panel of the Model 2550 Power SURRIY lLLLLs sss ss sss 4 5 Figure 4 5 The Model 2670 Controller llle nen 4 7 Figure 4 6 Model 2670 Controller Rear Panel eres 4 9 Figure 5 1 Model 2550 Power Supply with the Cover Removed ss 5 2 Figure 5 2 Co
13. Introducation e interlock defeat keys 2 for the laser head cover interlock e aset of table clamps e any optional optics assemblies or system options see below that were ordered System Options The Model 2680 Computer Interface The optional Model 2680 computer interface provides standard digital data links through RS 232 C and IEEE 488 interfaces thus allowing a computer or terminal to operate the system Chapter 7 provides a complete list of the commands and queries used by the Model 2680 and describes their use Also included in that chapter is a sample program written in BASIC Extender Feet Extender feet are used to raise the Stabilite 2017 to the appropriate height to pump a Model 375B cw dye laser Patents The Stabilite 2017 laser system is manufactured or marketed under one or more of the following U S A patents 4 063 808 4 613 972 4 668 906 4 685 109 4 706 256 4 719 638 4 872 104 4 982 708 4 203 080 4 615 034 4 677 640 4 685 110 4 715 039 4 809 293 4 947 102 4 988 942 4 442 524 4 649 547 4 683 575 4 719 404 4 816 741 4 974 228 5 002 371 5 047 609 1 3 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser 1 4 Chapter 2 Laser Safety Danger Laser Radiation The Spectra Physics Stabilite 2017 is a Class IV High Power Laser whose beam is by definition a safety and fire hazard Take pre cautions to prevent accidental exposure to both direct and reflected beams Dif fuse as well as specular beam
14. Stabilite 2017 Laser Head 0 ene eee 3 7 The Model 2550 Power Supply 0000 cect teens 3 8 The Model 2670 Controller 1 2 2 2 0000 cece teens 3 9 Stabilite 2017 Specifications 1 0 0 rrr 3 9 Outline DrawingS 2 0 6 hm rehenes 3 11 Chapter 4 Controls Indicators and Connections 4 1 Easer Head oer ea I e ed reg aU Ee pu E eds 4 1 Internal Controls s a pa Resort ue ed X SRA EORR SR wed be e RUE E kab ona e s 4 1 Rear Panel Controls 20 0 4 3 Indicators aed oce ott en os betonte a s Mesue Sa eC Ng Rana ru Aa ra rado aao a 4 4 Connections o creto co ta eget oett Rd aetate dae a Ar ree TTT 4 4 Model 2550 Power SUDRplY s s ls sss rmm memes 4 5 Controls iia ee ptt alana ea ed RENAL RE T AR ROG EE RESTER Roh ete aa 4 5 IndiCators z icu aede T NEG ae Ana a Cordon eu Erba I e e E d a Vr to Stone e 4 5 Connections SA bene wie ERR RP UR RE EM E SENA 4 5 The Model 2670 Controller 0 03 si esu Re bus Ra be gg m ERR E REPERI BER PA da ee Rn durs 4 6 Controls eria boas teeth do qo a eub TTT ARE a oa xA LAC dee RR TIT dae A A AES AU UTR ae 4 6 IndiCatorsz oe vcre ems pat a e Kalo rete S a ie ae alate x del aca Goal dps duet etate ue 4 8 CONNECTIONS 25 ss Gan ee patet nb Beata Aisin d eed e rotae Na AS re Ee RAM ER a ab rare 4 8 Chapter 5 Installation lt i sss 52er or rrr REESE ERE x 5 1 Electrical Connections sss hmmm 5 1 Conne
15. coupler should remain stationary under normal operating condi tions If its alignment is disturbed realignment may be time consum ing and tedious If after adjusting the high reflector the output remains below specification clean the mirrors and plasma tube win dows refer to Chapter 8 Maintenance Cleaning Optics Turn off the key switch and remove the key If system start up is controlled by a password on a computer log out to the point that a password would be required to once again start the laser If a removable disk contains the software remove the media from the computer Do not leave the laser accessible to people who are untrained in laser safety or operation Allow the laser head to cool about 2 minutes then turn off the water supply and open the main circuit breaker Operation Automatic Fill Circuit After there is laser emission there is 30 minute delay period when no fill ing is permitted by the automatic fill circuit This delay allows the gas to warm up and to stabilize After this delay period the fill system will fill the plasma tube with gas whenever required The controller FILL STATUS indicator glows whenever the fill sequence is in process If the fill circuit cannot fill the tube i e it is either out of gas or there is an electro mechanical malfunction the solenoids have been dis connected for example the FILL STATUS indicator will blink at a 1 Hz rate If this occurs immediately turn off th
16. in both directions The CI is a talker listener When the CI is properly programmed the controller will execute data transfers to and from it via the IEEE 488 bus Command strings sent from the controller to the CI need to be terminated by a comma or a line feed lt LF gt Unlike some IEEE 488 interfaces the CI does not require the End command to terminate messages to it refer to Message Formats below Nevertheless to conform with controllers programmed to recognize the End command the CI sends it to terminate all data transfers from the CI Remote Reset The CI can be reset to the power on default state any time by sending it either a Device CLear DCL or Select Device Clear SDC bus message or InterFace Clear IFC bus reset Refer to the section above regarding the Power supply On Default Condition and to your controller s user man ual for details about 0 5 seconds to reinitialize Therefore the controller must not send messages to the CI during this time Your programs will require a delay routine immediately following any reset command Note g After receiving a DCL or SDC command or IFC signal the CI takes Serial Poll Status Byte Most Least Significant Significant Bit Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 f Command Data Operation 0 0 Firmware Version Error Ready Complete Figure 7 2 Diagram of the serial poll status byte indicating the func tion of each bit Mode
17. lens cleaning tissue Warning Do not use lens tissue designated for cleaning eye glasses Such tissue n contains silicones These molecules bind themselves to the window quartz and can permanently damage them Also do not use cotton swabs Q Tips or equivalent Solvents dissolve the glue used to fasten the cotton to the stick resulting in contaminated window coatings Only use photographic lens tissue to clean optical components Cleaning Solutions Required e spectroscopic grade acetone e spectroscopic grade methanol e hydrogen peroxide 30 solution Danger Hydrogen Peroxide H 0 is a strong corrosive and an oxidizer Use lu suitable gloves when handling In case of a spill flush it away by flood ing the area with water Contain tissue waste in a sealed plastic bag for disposal Do not mix acetone or methanol including waste with H 0 8 2 Maintenance e three small empty bottles made of glass or PTFE to hold the cleaning solutions listed above e three polyethylene droppers Cleaning Mirrors 1 Remove the output coupler or high reflector Refer to Chapter 6 Operation Removing and Replacing the Mirror Holders for removal information Caution Do not leave the optical cavity of the laser open for extended periods of time Doing so shortens the life of the intracavity passive catalyst The broadband high reflector can be cleaned without removing it from its holder All other mirrors must be r
18. mesh screen 1 2 6 7 8 Shut off the water supply Remove the water supply line from the female fitting on the power supply Using a pair of tweezers or forceps grasp the edge of the screen and pull it out Grasp the edge only if the tool punctures the mesh screen the filter will no longer be effective Hold the screen upside down under a forceful water stream to flush the debris from the screen then rinse both sides of the screen Carefully slip the screen back into place with your finger being careful not to push against the screen Verify it is securely seated Hook up the water supply hose Turn on the water increasing pressure slowly Check for leaks This completes this procedure 8 9 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser 8 10 Chapter 9 Danger Laser Radiation Service and Repair The following procedure requires removing the laser head cover and defeating its safety interlock Dangerous laser radiation is accessible when the cavity seals are pulled back therefore permit only trained per sonnel to service and repair your laser system Vertical Search Alignment Procedure Electronic Repair Warning n If your instrument fails to lase the source of the problem could be a severely misaligned high reflector The following technique allows you to readily restore lasing 1 Remove the top cover from the laser head and install the inter lock defeat key Turn on the laser Turn the coars
19. need not be marked as an emission indicator so long as its function is obvious Its presence is required on any control panel that affects laser output Remote Interlock Connector prevents laser operation when removed A jumper between pins 23 and 24 on the REMOTE connector is required for operation The jumper connected to the auxiliary interlock AUX INTLK connector on the Model 2670 controller provides this function Figure 2 3 shows the location of the emission indicator on the laser head white Figure 2 4 shows the location of the emission indicator on the Model 2670 controller red These indicators turn on immediately when emission is requested and remain on to indicate emission is present or imminent A CDRH safety delay is imposed between initial indicator turn on and actual laser emission to allow personnel to take appropriate evasive action to move out of the way or turn the laser off if necessary Intracavity Emmission Safety Shutter Indicator Interlock Key Repository for Interlock Key when not in use Figure 2 3 Laser Head Safety Interlock Key Intracavity Shutter and Emission Indicator Laser Safet e es e AUX FILL e o over E NUS STATUS TER cO ENT WATER ewe W FLO INT Safety Interlock Keyswitch Emission Indicator 2670 REMO S Spectra Physic Figure 2 4 Model 2670 Controller Emission Indicator Safety Interlock Keyswitch The safety interlock keyswitch on the Model 2670
20. nominal voltage Insulation category II Pollution degree 2 Danger Laser Radiation Danger hr Warning Warning ESD Caution Eyewear Required y z V z V E 9 A Warning Conventions The following warnings are used throughout this manual to draw your attention to situations or procedures that require extra attention They warn of hazards to your health damage to equipment sensitive procedures and exceptional circumstances All messages are set apart by a thin line above and below the text as shown here Laser radiation is present Condition or action may present a hazard to personal safety Condition or action may present an electrical hazard to personal safety Condition or action may cause damage to equipment Action may cause electrostatic discharge and cause damage to equip ment Condition or action may cause poor performance or error Text describes exceptional circumstances or makes a special refer ence Do not touch Appropriate laser safety eyewear should be worn during this opera tion Refer to the manual before operating or using this device xiii The following units abbreviations and prefixes are used in this Spectra Physics manual Standard Units Quantity Unit Abbreviation mass kilogram kg length meter m time second S frequency hertz Hz force newton N energy joule J power watt W electric current ampere A electric charge coulomb C
21. operate the laser with its cover removed Figure 2 3 It also prevents the cover from being replaced while the laser is running an electrical hazard by providing mechanical interference with the cover Shut off the laser first then remove the interlock key store the key in the clamp on the side of the interlock switch and replace the cover Power Supply The power supply cover interlock switch Figure 2 5 is a 3 position plunger actuated switch When the cover is in place the plunger is pressed down into its momentary normally closed position and the power supply is permitted to operate When the cover is removed a spring inside the switch moves it to its normally open center position where it opens the interlock circuit and turns off the laser or prevents it from turning on Pulling up the plunger defeats the switch it closes and allows you to operate the laser with the power supply cover removed When you replace the cover the plunger moves the switch back through its normally open position where it again turns off the laser It is best to shut off the laser and power down the high voltage components in the power supply before replacing the cover Be extremely careful to avoid contact with high voltage if operating the laser with the cover off Safety Interlock Switch shown pulled up in defeat position Figure 2 5 Power Supply Safety Interlock Switch Laser Safety Auxiliary Safety Interlock The 2 pin Molex AU
22. over current interlock is set you must turn off the main power to the system then turn it back on to reset the interlock If a computer is being used with the Model 2680 com puter interface CI and the main power is turned off then on the CI must once again be initialized before it can be used refer to Chapter 7 Model 2680 Computer Interface WATER FLOW interlock denotes insufficient water flow through the laser head The laser automatically shuts off to prevent overheating and damage WATER TEMP interlock denotes water exiting the laser head exceeds 60 C 140 F The laser automatically shuts off to prevent over heating and damage OVER CURRENT interlock denotes excessive plasma tube current has occurred shutting off the laser Look for the cause of the current surge before restarting the laser or damage to the power supply or plasma tube may result HEAD COVER interlock denotes an open laser head interlock switch Replace the laser head cover or insert the interlock defeat key prior to restarting the laser AUX INTLK interlock denotes an open auxiliary interlock circuit The interlock connector is on the rear panel of the remote control module Removing the factory installed jumper plug opens the circuit The jumper can be replaced with an auxiliary safety device that shuts off the laser e g a safety switch attached to a door When this inter lock is open the laser is prevented from starting or if o
23. that can prove lethal if accidentally touched SUPPLY STATUS green located near the REMOTE connector on the power supply glows to indicate the 5 Vdc power supply is working prop erly It must be glowing before the laser will start Safety Ground Lug provides connection for a safety ground strap for accessories Umbilical attachment provides a means to attach the umbilical to the power supply The cable hub is an anchor point for the umbilical and a pass through for the laser head high current and control cables which con nect to the power pc board Although the umbilical can be disconnected for convenience we suggest you place both the laser head and power supply on a gurney to transport them 4 5 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Optional RS232C serial interface 25 pin D sub provides attachment for an RS 232 serial connector for remote control operation by a computer or terminal REMOTE interface provides attachment for either the standard Model 2670 controller or a user supplied device Refer to Chapter 7 Model 2680 Computer Interface for information on using this interface Optional IEEE 488 interface provides attachment for an IEEE 488 par allel connector for remote control operation by a computer or controller Refer to Chapter 7 Model 2680 Computer Interface for information on using this interface Input power cable provides high voltage ac power to the power supply The 3 m 10 ft ca
24. the MODE switch is set to LIGHT POWER control adjusts the optical output power when the MODE switch is set to LIGHT It has no effect while the MODE switch is set to CURrent METER switch selects one of three conditions for display on the meter In the AMPS position the meter displays the plasma discharge current on the 0 50 scale In the VOLTS position the meter displays the voltage across the plasma tube on the 0 300 scale In the WATTS position the meter displays the optical output power of the laser on either the 0 2 or 0 10 scales depending on the position of the RANGE switch After the main power is turned on the system must warm up for about 5 min before power readings can be considered accurate The photodiode in the light pick off housing is temperature stabilized and the 5 min allows it reach operating temperature The power meter photodiode circuit remains stabilized as long as the main power is on Turning the key switch on or off has no effect Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Indicators Connections The five interlock indicators listed below help you identify why the laser has shut off Generally the laser shuts off only if a condition exists that could damage the laser or violates CDRH safety regulations With the exception of an over current fault once the fault is corrected the laser can be re started by turning off the key switch to reset the controller and turn off the indicator then turning it back on If the
25. the REMOTE connector signals are given in Table 4 2 CDRH requirements for the user supplied controller are listed in Chap ter 2 Laser Safety CDRH Requirements for a Custom Remote Control or for Operation with the Model 2680 Computer Interface Installing the Model 2670 Controller 1 Attach the cable from the Model 2670 controller to the connector marked REMOTE on the control panel of the Model 2550 power supply This cable terminates in a polarized 37 pin D sub connector it can only go in one way Push it in until it seats then tighten the screws 2 until they are just tight enough to keep the cable from pulling loose during use Place the controller on the table in an easily accessible position 3 Connect the perimeter laser safety switch if used If a laser safety switch is used as part of the laser safety interlock sys tem a door switch for example remove the jumper plug from the auxiliary interlock AUX INTLK connector on the back of the Model 2670 controller and replace it with a plug wired to the safety switch The supplied jumper plug may be modified for this purpose 1 e remove the shorting jumper inside and wired so that it is shorted dur ing laser operation The laser should shut off if the contacts opens If no safety switch is used verify that the unmodified jumper plug is secure in the auxiliary interlock connector The system will not start without these contacts shorted 4 Refer to Chapter 4
26. under this warranty is limited to repairing replacing or giving credit for the purchase price of any equipment that proves defective during the warranty period provided prior authorization for such return has been given by an authorized representative of Spectra Physics Spectra Physics 10 1 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser will provide at its expense all parts and labor and one way return shipping of the defective part or instrument if required In warranty repaired or replaced equipment is warranted only for the remaining portion of the orig inal warranty period applicable to the repaired or replaced equipment This warranty does not apply to any instrument or component not manufac tured by Spectra Physics When products manufactured by others are included in Spectra Physics equipment the original manufacturer s war ranty is extended to Spectra Physics customers When products manufac tured by others are used in conjunction with Spectra Physics equipment this warranty is extended only to the equipment manufactured by Spectra Physics This warranty also does not apply to equipment or components that upon inspection by Spectra Physics discloses to be defective or unworkable due to abuse mishandling misuse alteration negligence improper installa tion unauthorized modification damage in transit or other causes beyond the control of Spectra Physics This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties expressed or implied and does n
27. 0 V main power fuses 5101 1440 Optic output coupler argon G0302 001 Optic output coupler krypton G0302 002 Optic broadband high reflector argon G3802 009 Optic broadband high reflector krypton G3814 025 Optic prism high reflector argon G3801 010 Optic prism high reflector krypton G0320 001 Optic wavelength selective mirror argon 488 nm G0332 001 Optic wavelength selective mirror argon 514 nm G0332 002 Water filter cartridge 2604 0070 Should you experience difficulty in starting your laser the troubleshooting flowchart on the next page provides you with a series of steps you can take to easily troubleshoot the problem before calling your Spectra Physics ser vice representative Many times the difficulty is something quite simple such as a blown fuse or an improper connection Service and Repair Remote Laser does Check all interlock not start connections Connect Correct ac Correct to power line problem Y Control Shutter Sado 2 head switch open set to A N Turn key so Move to Select Select Defeat cover up position remote remote interlock s On light glows Are Is the fuses ok filament XY Y glowing N N N Service required Replace Service Service Service fuse s required required required 1 Defeat the power supply interlock switch by pulling up on the plunger Warning Disconnect power before performing this step 3 Magnet res
28. 7 Laser Head e Model 2550 Power Supply e Model 2670 Controller Model 2680 Computer Interface Optional Verify all components are present Included with the laser system is this manual a packing slip listing all the parts shipped and an accessory kit containing the following items e two hoses for the water cooling system supply and return lines e a water filter and two extra filter cartridges plumbing fittings to connect the water filter in the supply line plumbing fittings to connect the water filter in the supply line e atool kit containing various Allen wrenches and drivers for aligning and maintaining your laser e aprism assembly with protective cap xvii Stabilite 2017 lon Laser xviii keys 2 for the control module 50 A fuses 3 for the power supply various small medium current fuses 8 for the power supply a plastic hemostat a glass solvent bottle a packet of Kodak Lens Cleaning Paper interlock defeat keys 2 for the laser head cover interlock a set of table clamps any optional optics assemblies that were ordered Table of Contents Preface Jair E EE PEN iii Environmental Specifications 00 0c eee eee V Warning Conventions iva sama rne ae ITA TN A KEKR AA RARA KAMA xiii Standard Units i ss sia ska a ak kakao tian E kk EUR RUE RU o Bye i ki XV Unpacking and Inspection sssssssssuuuuaos xvii Unpacking Your aser spa mapi Sd ew t csset peter e
29. 850 Btu min Into air 150 W 9 Btu min Water Flow Rate min Differential Pressure min Leakproof Inlet Pressure max IEC 601 Pressure Rating Inlet Temperature max 8 41 min 2 2 gal min 172 kPa 25 Ib in 690 kPa 100 Ib in 228 kPa 33 Ib in 10 to 35 C 50 to 90 F pH Level 7 0 to 8 5 Hardness max 150 ppm dissolved solids Particulate Size max 200 um dia Weight Laser Head 43 kg 95 Ib Power Supply 32 kg 70 Ib Defined as the difference between the exit back pressure and the input pressure Outline Drawings 1 00 32 f Thread 4 75 12 06 0 94 0 31 2 39 0 79 2 50 6 35 di pek A 33 2 54 Soo 12 70 Output End View 16 75 42 55 Laser Description 43 17 109 65 E J Hi S Spectra Physics ati 28 00 20 60 60 71 12 12 1 50 Dia X 120 00 Lg 3 81 Dia X 305 00 Lg 6 in 15 in Minimum Bend Radius Side View Output Beam lt Stabilite 2017 Umbilical Assy Stabilite 2017 Laser Head Lu End View Il IUN LUNA LI ki 18 50 46 99 5 22 13 26 26 Top View Model 2550 Power Supply All dimensions in _inches_ cm Figure 3 5 Outline Drawings Stabilite 2017 lon Laser 3 12 Chapter 4 Laser Head Internal Controls Controls Indicators and Connections This section describes the use and location of the Stabilite 2017 cont
30. DEL NUMBER SERIAL NUMBER MADE IN U S A NI wn Identification Label Controller 19 CE Caution Label 26 2 9 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Label Translations For safety the following translations are provided for non English speak ing personnel The number in parenthesis in the first column corresponds to the label number listed on the previous page Table 2 1 Label Translations Label French German Spanish Dutch European Rayonnement laser visible Sichtbare und oder unsich Radiaci n l ser visible y o Zichtbare en niet zichtbare Warning et invisible Exposition dan tbare Laserstrahlung invisible Evite que los ojos __laser straling Vermijd Logotype gereuse de l oeil ou de la Bestrahlung von Auge oder y la piel queden expuestos blootstelling van huid of Label peau au rayonnement Haut durch directe oder tanto a la radiaci n directa oog aan directe straling of 2 direct ou diffus Laser de Streustrahlung vermeiden como a la ispersa Pro weerkaatsingen Klasse 4 classe 4 Argon Krypton Laserklasse 4 Argon ducto Laser Clase 4 Laser Produkt Argon Puissance Maximum 20 W Krypton maximale Aus Argon Kryton Potencia Krypton Maximum output Voir Manuel D Utilisation gangslestung 20 W Zie maxima da salida 20 W 20 W Siehe Bedienung Handleieding Ver Manual sanleitung Aperture Ouverture Laser Exposi Austritt von sichtbarer und Por esta abertura se emite Vanuit dit apertuur wordt Label tion Dange
31. December 31 1995 meets the intent of Directive 89 336 EEC for Electromagnetic Compatibil ity Compliance was demonstrated Class A to the following specifications as listed in the official Journal of the European Communities EN 50081 2 1993 Emissions EN 55011 Class A Radiated EN 55011 Class A Conducted EN 50082 1 1992 Immunity IEC 801 2 Electrostatic Discharge IEC 801 3 RF Radiated IEC 801 4 Fast Transients I the undersigned hereby declare that the equipment specified above con forms to the above Directives and Standards Feo on Steve Sheng Vice President and General Manager Spectra Physics Inc Industrial and Scientific Lasers January 1 1998 2 11 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser CE Declaration of Conformity Low Voltage We Spectra Physics Inc Industrial and Scientific Lasers 1330 Terra Bella Avenue P O Box 7013 Mountain View CA 94039 7013 United States of America declare under sole responsibility that the 2017 Argon lon Laser System with a 2550 Power Supply and a 2670 Remote Control Box meet the intent of Directive 73 23 EEC the Low Voltage directive Compliance was demonstrated to the following specifications as listed in the official Journal of the European Communities EN 61010 1 1993 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory use EN 60825 1 1993 Safety for Laser Products I the undersigned hereby declare that the equipment specifie
32. Interface below e T and 15 alternating 1 Hz is returned when all the inter locks are closed but the reservoir is perceived empty or when there 1s a mechanical malfunction To read this condition use a com puter program subroutine to perform a continuous asynchronous read over a 3 second period or sample the CI at random using a terminal Warning If this last condition occurs the tube is well below its normal operating n pressure This may signify the end of tube life However if there is merely a mechanical malfunction e g someone disconnected the fill solenoid the tube will be needlessly destroyed if the system continues to run Turn the system off and immediately call your Spectra Physics service representative Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Control Commands Set p n The Set p n command where p is 1 or 2 and n is a decimal number from 0 to 250 sets either the tube current level p 1 or the desired optical output power p 2 Prior to sending this command the control mode current or power and range if p 2 must be selected see Write p n and Table 7 4 below Example SET 1 02 0A SET 1 125 25 A SET 1 250 50 A 2 W Range 10 W Range SET 2 0 min ow ow SET 2 250 max 2 W 10 W Write p n The Write p n command where p is 6 or 7 and n is a decimal or binary number listed in Table 7 4 controls three system functions Write 6 n sets the power range and control mode
33. Stabilite 2017 Ion Laser User s Manual GS Spectra Physics Stabilite 2017 Ion Laser User s Manual S Spectra Physics 1335 Terra Bella Road Mountain View CA 94043 Part Number 0000 215A Rev D June 2001 Preface This manual contains information you need in order to safely install oper ate maintain and service your Stabilite 2017 ion laser system on a day to day basis The system comprises three elements the Stabilite 2017 laser head the Model 2550 power supply and the Model 2670 controller The latter is a small table top controller provided with the system for local con trol If computer control is required an optional Model 2680 computer interface is available The Unpacking and Inspections section contains information on how to unpack your Stabilite 2017 system and lists the items you should have received It also lists any options you may have purchased Please read this short but important section before you begin to unpack the rest of your system The Introduction contains a brief description of the Stabilite 2017 laser head its power supply and controller Following that section is an important chapter on laser safety The Stabilite 2017 is a Class IV laser and as such emits laser radiation which can per manently damage eyes and skin This section contains information about these hazards and offers suggestions on how to safeguard against them It also suggests installation proc
34. The disper sion of the prism allows only one line to be perfectly aligned with the high reflector so that the tilt of the prism determines which line will oscillate The laser oscillates within a narrow range of frequencies around the transi tion frequency The width of the frequency distribution the linewidth and its amplitude depend on the gain medium its temperature and the mag nitude of the population inversion Linewidth is determined by plotting the gain of each frequency and mea suring the width of the curve where the gain has fallen to one half maxi mum full width at half maximum Figure 3 4 Cc Longitudinal Modes Gain Envelope 6 10 GHz Gain gt Frequency v Figure 3 4 Frequency Distribution of Longitudinal Modes for a Single Line Line broadening depends on the relative velocities of the excited ions as they radiate If the ion is stationary at the time of stimulated emission the product photons will possess exactly the transition frequency If the ion is moving toward the stimulating photon the resultant frequency will be higher than that of the transition likewise if the ion is moving away the frequency will be lower The output of the laser is discontinuous within this Doppler broadened line profile A standing wave propagates within the optical cavity and any fre quency that satisfies the resonance condition Vin 4 will oscillate where v is the fr
35. X INTLK interlock connector on the back of the Model 2670 controller Figure 2 6 is meant to be wired to a CDRH external inter lock switch Remove the jumper plug supplied and either rewire it or use a similar connector to wire to a perimeter safety switch Then attach the switch to an access door or to other auxiliary safety equipment Wire the switch as normally closed so that when the door or safety device opens and the switch opens the power supply will immediately turn off the laser as a Safety precaution to prevent unaware personnel from getting hurt N MONITOR REMOTE MODULATION MN 0000000000000 O OD 000000000000 O AUX INTLK M J Figure 2 6 The AUX INTLK connector shown in the lower left corner Operation with the Prism Cover Off Danger If the prism assembly is installed with its cover off a portion of the int Laser Radiation racavity beam is reflected upward from each face of the prism Figure 2 7 Avoid eye contact with these beams Reflected 1 Intracavity Beam A Mirror Prism Figure 2 7 A portion of the intracavity beam is reflected upward from each face of the prism Stabilite 2017 lon Laser CE CDRH Radiation Control Drawings OO NONA NN 10 11 12 13 Stabilite 2017 Laser Head Model 2550 Power Supply i Output End View Certification amp Identification Label Danger Class IV Warning Logo Label Aperture La
36. abel 2 Laser Safet DI NVISIBI LE ASER RADIATION IS EMITTED FROM THIS APERTURE SEE AVOID EXPOSURE Aperture Label 3 VISIBLE AND OR INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION IS EMIT TED AS SHOWN WHEN CAVITY SEAL IS RETRACTED 0452 0160 T RADIATION Z Danger When Open Label 5 Danger Cavity Seal Label 6 OQ A amp Ground Label 8 Lightning Bolt Label 9 23 Spectra Physics Lasers Inc POWER SUPPLY CONFIGURATION 1330 TERRA BELLA AVENUE MOUNTAIN VIEW CALIF 94043 WATER COOLING REQUIREMENTS RATED INPUT CUR PWR 1 7 GPM 45A 16 KW 3 PHASE INPUT POWER 208 V 8 50 60 Hz OPERATING MODE CONTINUOUS DUTY MADE IN USA 0451 4040 Spectra Physics Lasers MANUFACTURED OR MARKETED UNDER ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING U S A PATENTS 4 063 808 4 203 080 4 442 542 4 613 972 4 615 034 4 619 547 4 668 906 4 677 640 4 683 575 4 685 109 4 685 110 4 689 796 4 706 256 4 715 039 4 719 404 4 719 638 4 809 203 4 816 741 4 872 104 4 947 102 4 974 228 4 982 078 4 988 942 5 002 371 5 047 609 Zon 0445 4020 Configuration Label 15 CAUTION High Voltage Label 22 Patent Label 16 CE CE Aperture Label 24 Figure 2 9 CE CDRH Warning Labels CE Certification Label 25 European High Voltage Label 10 Spectra Physics MO
37. al alignment of the high reflector for fine tuning the optical output It is located on the laser head control panel Figure 4 2 WAVELENGTH nm switch calibrates the light pick off assembly so that the power meter reading remains accurate at different wavelengths refer to Figure 4 2 Pressing the upper button increases the count the lower button decreases the count When operating single line set the switch to the active wavelength When using broadband visible optics set the switch to 500 When using broadband uv optics set the switch to 350 For wavelengths between 1000 and 1090 nm ignore the 1 For example the setting for 1090 nm is 090 The power meter readings are accurate within the following ranges 275 799 nm single line 10 maximum x 595 typical 275 799 nm broadband 15 maximum 800 1090 nm single line 20 maximum 15 typical Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Indicators Connections 4 4 High Reflector is one of two intracavity mirrors and it reflects all light back into the cavity The mirror itself is held in a cup shaped retainer at the end of a bayonet type holder Figure 4 2 Turning the holder counter clockwise 30 disengages the holder from the output mirror plate and allows it to be pulled straight out of the laser To replace the mirror holder insert it back into the laser and rotate it until it goes all the way in Then turn it clockwise 30 until it clicks into place
38. allel interface Figure 7 1 shows the location of the two interface connectors on the power supply when the CI is included as part of the system al Ie Kn RS232C IEEE 488 REMOTE SUPPLY STATUS INPUT POWER WATER IN WATER TO HEAD Figure 7 1 Model 2550 Power Supply Connector Panel 7 1 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Description The CI contains the hardware and firmware to translate commands sent via the IEEE 488 or RS 232 interface into system signals and vice versa The REMOTE jumper plug included with the CI is required when the Model 2670 controller is not to be part of the system and the computer is to con trol the system directly Typically the controller remains part of the system and the computer is selected through it by setting the CONTROL switch on the remote to the IEEE488 RS 232 position Refer to Chapter 2 Laser Safety CDRH Requirements for a Custom Remote Control or for Operation with the Model 2680 Computer Inter face for information pertinent to the safe use of the laser when the con troller is not used Computer Control Functions Installation To Install the CI 7 2 Through the CI the computer can turn the plasma tube current on and off select current or light regulation e set and monitor the tube current or light output level select the 2 W or 10 W power range and e monitor the tube fill pressure the interlock and overcurrent status lines and the 5 Vdc internal refer
39. and control inputs are taken from a computer connected through the Model 2180 computer interface 4 Head Select Input X Either one of two laser heads may be selected Inactive head A pulled low head B 5 Power Range Select Input Selects power range Inactive 2 W pulled low 10 W 6 Control Input Selects feedback mode Inactive current mode pulled low power mode 7 Not Connected 8 Plasma On Off Input The main on off switch Pulling this input low closes the power con tactor and begins warming the tube cathode The laser will light after approximately 15 sec 9 Auxiliary Interlock Output Ifthe interlock is open the output is inactive high if it is closed the Open output is pulled low 10 High Water Temp Output If the head outlet water temperature exceeds 60 C 140 F the out put is inactive high otherwise the output is pulled low 11 Head Cover Interlock Output If the head cover is removed the output is in active high other wise output is pulled low 12 Low Water FLow Output If the cooling water falls below 1 8 US gal min the output is inactive high otherwise the output is pulled low 13 Over Current Fault Output Inactive high indicates over current pulled low indicates no fault 14 Tube Voltage Monitor Output Oto 5 V represents O to 300 V 15 Tube Current Monitor Output 0 to 5 V represents 0 to 50 V 16 Power Monitor Output 0 to 5 V represents 0 to 2 W in the low power range or 0 to 10 W in the high power rang
40. ation improves the power of principal lines by less than 10 Even those upper state populations that are shared by more than one laser transition only exhibit mi nor competition effects Therefore the use of a prism or other dispersing element in continuous wave cw argon ion lasers is not necessarily advantageous except in single line applications Ion laser gain is directly affected by several factors including discharge current density magnetic field and gas pressure Since two collisions with free electrons are required to pump an argon atom to the upper level of vis ible lasing transitions the gain of the medium varies as the square of the current density Below saturation the multimode all lines output of an ion laser can be expressed as P kPrV 3 where P is the output power J is the current density A cm V is the vol ume of the active medium and k is a constant A magnetic field enveloping the plasma discharge enhances the population inversion It tends to force free electrons toward the center of the plasma tube bore thus increasing the probability of a pumping collision Unfortu nately the magnetic field also causes Zeeman splitting of the laser lines which elliptically polarizes the output causing partial loss at the polariza tion sensitive plasma tube windows Susceptibility to the Zeeman effect varies from line to line and each has an optimum magnetic field strength Krypton laser transitions do not have as m
41. beam by direct observation use a lens to expand the beam making observation of irradiance distribu tion easier To do so place a positive lens focal length of about 1 5 cm in the beam path and observe the beam on a wall or screen expanded to about 0 5 m Multimode conditions appear as complex variations in the pattern As the diameter of the aperture is reduced the multimode patterns will shrink in overall diameter and the rapid intensity variations across the beam will disappear You should be able to obtain TEM output with one of the available aperture sizes 6 7 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser 6 8 Chapter 7 The Model 2680 Computer Interface The Stabilite 2017 laser can be operated in three ways using the Model 2670 controller connected to the power supply REMOTE connector or acomputer or terminal connected to the optional Model 2680 com puter interface CI using either the IEEE 488 or RS 232 interface or auser supplied controller connected to the power supply REMOTE connector Warning Spectra Physics recommends the use of the Model 2670 controller or lW the optional Model 2680 computer interface for controlling the Stabilite 2017 Repair for power supply damage resulting from the use of any other controller is not covered by your warranty This section describes the Model 2680 computer interface or CI The CI allows the laser system to be run from a computer or terminal via an RS 232 serial or IEEE 488 par
42. bel Danger Interlocked Housing Label Danger When Open Label Danger Cavity Seal Label Aperture Shutter Beam Diameter Label Ground Label Lightning Bolt Label Large European High Voltage Label Head Cover Interlock Switch Emission Indicator Light Laser Head Mechanical Shutter A Rear Panel View 14 A Top Cover Protective Housing Configuration Label Patent Label Remote Connector Includes Interlock Interlock Shorting Cap Serial Label Remote Control Key Switch On Off Emission Indicator Light Remote Control Caution High Voltage Label Lightning Bolt Label Small CE Aperture Label CE Certification Label CE Caution Label Figure 2 8 CE CDRH Radiation Control Drawing refer to the warning labels on next page 2 8 SPECTRA PHYSICS LASERS P O BOX 7013 MT VIEW CALIFORNIA 94023 7013 MANUFACTURED MONTH YR MODEL S N THIS LASER PRODUCT COMPLIES WITH 21 CFR 1040 AS APPLICABLE MADE IN U S A CE CDRH Warning Labels VISIBLE AND OR INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION CLASS 4 LASER PRODUCT ARGON KRYPTON MAXIMUM OUTPUT 20 W SEE MANUAL 0451 8140 Certification and Identification Label 1 SEE MANUAL Danger Interlocked Housing Label 4 o O 123456789100 Aperture Shutter Beam Diameter Label 7 CE Danger Class IV Warning L
43. ble 1s permanently attached to the control panel but has flying leads for attachment to your local service supply WATER IN connector provides attachment for the water supply hose that supplies cooling water to the power supply and laser head This hose is usually attached to a water supply source or to the source conduit of a cooling tower WATER TO HEAD connector provides attachment for the water hose that supplies cooling to the laser head The Model 2670 Controller Controls This section describes the Model 2670 controller that is supplied with the Stabilite 2017 system Installation instructions are covered in Chapter 5 Installation and operating instructions are covered in Chapter 6 Opera tion The Stabilite 2017 laser head and the Model 2550 power supply are con trolled via analog and TTL logic signals supplied through the REMOTE con nector on the power supply control panel A description of the pin assignments and signal requirements for this connector is provided later in this chapter The Model 2670 is provided as a standard unit for controlling and monitoring these signals Key Switch turns on the laser When turned to PLASMA ON the emission indicator begins glowing and emission will occur after about a 15 sec safety delay MODE switch selects the laser control mode Set to CURrent the power supply maintains constant tube discharge current Set to LIGHT the power supply maintains consta
44. by minimizing the effect of ozone on the window surface Stabilite 2017 System Description The Stabilite 2017 Laser Head The coaxial resonator defines the optical cavity and holds the cavity stable to avoid changes in output power It also contributes significantly to the laser s good beam pointing stability A brass cylinder serves as both the resonator structure and the outer jacket for the water cooling system The high thermal conductivity and excellent rigidity of brass makes it a good material for resonator construction The brass material its cylindrical configuration and the helical flow of the cool ing water create a thermal short that prevents the creation of thermal gra dients that might otherwise distort the resonator The output coupler and high reflector are mounted in mirror plates that are attached to the ends of the resonator The high reflector plate features inter changeable prism and broadband optic assemblies for single line or multi line operation The resonator is mechanically isolated from its environment to avoid the disruptive effects of stress and vibration on the optical cavity To do this the feet and base of the laser head support the magnet while two o rings one at each end decouple the resonator from the magnet by allowing the plasma tube to float inside The unique design and stability of the resonator lead to another important feature to maintain optimal mirror alignment only the fine adj
45. can be slid back onto their respective dust tubes to expose the windows for cleaning An intracavity passive catalyst inside the seal eliminates the build up of contaminating ozone O by converting it to molecules of harmless oxygen O This eliminates the requirement for the typical gas supply filters driers etc Foot adjustments provides means to raise and lower the laser head The laser head rests on four adjustable feet and is raised or lowered by loosen ing the threaded clamping ring under the bottom cover and screwing each foot in or out from the inside of the laser using a 32 in ball driver The clamping ring is then tightened to lock the foot in place after the height is adjusted Rear Panel Controls Note Controls Indicators and Connections WAVELENGTH 5 oo CORRECTION nm Figure 4 2 Laser Head Control Panel The coarse vertical and horizontal adjustment screws at both ends of the laser are locked at the factory and do not need adjustment These adjust ments are used only to achieve the initial alignment after installing the plasma tube VERTical fine adjustment changes the vertical alignment of the high reflector for fine tuning the optical output Located on the laser head con trol panel Figure 4 2 this control scans the entire visible wavelength range 514 5 to 457 9 nm argon 676 4 to 647 1 nm krypton during single line operation HORIZontal fine adjustment changes the horizont
46. cated near the umbilical entry Transporting the System to Another Location When moving the system to another location 1 2 Disconnect the power supply from the power source When the system is cool turn off the water and blow out the remaining water with compressed air before disconnecting the hoses If air is not available use a wet dry shop vac to suck the remaining water out through the source hose Disconnect the laser head from the power supply Refer to Connecting the Laser Head Umbilical to the Power Supply earlier in this chapter and reverse the procedure to disconnect the umbilical from the power supply If the transport distance is not great two people can carry the laser head to the destination loop the umbilical over your shoulder A single person can carry the power supply with the controller placed on top If it is a long dis tance it is best to place all three items on a heavy duty gurney for trans port 4 Upon arriving at your destination reassemble the laser system accord ing to these instructions starting at the beginning of this chapter 5 7 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser 5 8 Chapter 6 Warning n Starting the Laser Danger Laser Radiation Operation The Stabilite 2017 laser can be operated in one of three ways using the Model 2670 controller connected to the power supply REMOTE connector or acomputer or terminal connected to the optional Model 2680 com puter in
47. controller Figure 2 4 limits laser access to only those personnel with permission and who have had adequate laser safety training Without the key the laser cannot be turned on Nor can the laser be left on and the key removed The key can only be removed in the off position Always remove the key when done operating the laser Shutter The laser head shutter is a lever actuated mechanical device Figure 2 3 that when closed interrupts the intracavity beam and prevents the laser from lasing O is the open position is the closed position Cover Safety Interlocks The Stabilite 2017 has safety interlocks for both the laser head cover and power supply cover Removing either of these covers causes the main power contactor to open which shuts off electrical power to the laser The covers must be in place or their interlocks defeated before the laser will operate ing at lethal voltage and current levels Be extremely careful whenever the cover is removed from either unit Avoid contact with the high volt age terminals and components inside each unit Danger YW Both the laser head and power supply contain electrical circuits operat Laser Head Danger While the laser head cover is removed be extremely careful to avoid Laser Radiation exposure to laser or collateral radiation 2 5 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser i Danger YW Installing the key in the laser head safety interlock switch allows you to
48. cting to Electrical Service LL Les ens 5 1 Connecting the Laser Head Umbilical to the Power SUDpIyY L LLLssssssl 5 1 Control Gonnections pesce ihe hice hn Laal Rech di ein Sa eo Eu tee RP Vala Ela a 5 3 Installing the Model 2670 Controller a n aaea naana 5 3 Installing the Computer Interface Cable 0 0 0 0 cc tetas 5 3 Water Connections eis sis Pie KAMA BULA ela E ee GIA eed Rome VUA 5 5 Cooling Water Requirements sss hr rn 5 5 Closed loop Cooling Systems s s sss ss sss een 5 6 Laser Head Inspection ss sssscsssscsssssosreserrsossovo 5 6 Adjusting the Height of the Laser Head 20 cette 5 6 Preoperation Water Leak Tests eee teas 5 6 Chapter 6 Operation sssssssc ius ec ua belu IVAR A RE be RE kako 6 1 Starting the Laser oos dash ga ae Slats d Uu XA PSI be deep beide INI 6 1 Adjusting for Maximum Output Power s rre 6 2 Turning Off the Laser 3a seo arilo A REOR LEA af eRe ADAC AC RR a MAS a DINA AR ad ha es 6 2 Automatic Fill Circuit mos sze EtusstasSs biuvbroetigugdekuliusa se iie dep 6 3 Removing and Installing Mirror Holders illl 6 3 Bayonet style Mirror Holders e en 6 3 viii Table of Contents Removing Replacing the Mirrors 0 0 cece ett 6 3 Interchanging the Broadband Mirror Holder and Prism Assembly
49. d We are always interested in improving our products and manuals and we appreciate all suggestions Thank you From Name Company or Institution Department Address Instrument Model Number Serial Number Problem Suggested Solution s Mail To FAX to Spectra Physics Inc Attention ISL Quality Manager ISL Quality Manager 650 961 7101 1330 Terra Bella Avenue M S 15 50 Post Office Box 7013 Mountain View CA 94039 7013 U S A E mail sales splasers com www spectra physics com
50. d above con forms to the above Directives and Standards Ett hong Steve Sheng Vice President and General Manager Spectra Physics Inc Industrial and Scientific Lasers February 21 1997 2 12 Laser Safety Sources for Additional Information The following are some sources for additional information on laser safety standards safety equipment and training Laser Safety Standards Safe Use of Lasers Z136 1 1993 American National Standards Institute ANSI 11 West 42 Street New York NY 10036 Tel 212 642 4900 Occupational Safety and Health Administration Publication 8 1 7 U S Department of Labor 200 Constitution Avenue N W Room N3647 Washington DC 20210 Tel 202 219 8151 A Guide for Control of Laser Hazards American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists ACGIH 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive Cincinnati OH 45240 Tel 513 742 2020 Compliance Engineering One Tech Drive Andover MA 01810 2452 Tel 508 681 6600 or 508 681 6673 International Electrotechnical Commission Journal of the European Communities EN60825 1 TR3 Ed 1 0 Laser Safety Measurement and Instrumentation IEC 309 Plug Outlet and Socket Coupler for Industrial Uses Tel 41 22 919 0211 Fax 41 22 919 0300 Internet custserv lec ch Cenelec European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Central Secretariat rue de Stassart 35 B 1050 Brussels Document Center 1504 Industrial Way Unit
51. described in Chapter 3 It can provide several wave lengths of laser output depending on the plasma gas used An Argon sys tem can provide these single line wavelengths 514 5 nm 488 0 nm 465 8 nm 501 7 nm 476 5 nm 457 9 nm 496 5 nm 472 7 nm 454 5 nm and these multiline wavelengths 333 6 363 8 nm 457 9 514 5 nm A Krypton system can provide these single line wavelengths 676 4 nm 647 nm and these multiline wavelengths 647 1 676 4 nm 1 1 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser The specifications table at the end of Chapter 3 lists the specified output power for each of these wavelengths along with the laser model required to produce them Specifications for water quality and pressure are listed in Chapter 4 If your local water does not meet these quality standards or flow rate a closed loop system such as the Model 315A might be required If this is the case call your Spectra Physics service representative to inquire Caution n Both the Stabilite 2017 laser head and power supply are water cooled The Model 2550 Power Supply The Model 2550 power supply provides ample low noise current to create a plasma discharge in the laser plasma tube It also provides a control inter face to which the Model 2670 controller or a user supplied controller is connected To control the laser system remotely by computer the optional Model 2680 computer interface see System Options below is used This option provides both RS 232 serial
52. disperses the laser beam bending individual lines according to their wavelength A line will oscillate if its angle of refraction through the prism matches the vertical rotation angle of the prism As you adjust the high reflector vertically the angle at which the beam strikes the prism changes and with it the wavelength of the oscillating line When changing from one wavelength to another remember to set the WAVELENGTH nm switch on the laser rear panel accordingly 6 5 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Intracavity Spreading Beam Spectrum High Reflector Prism Figure 6 2 Only one line of the cavity beam spread by the prism is at the proper angle to return along the beam path and become amplified Setting the Aperture for TEM Output Well defined variations in the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field perpendicular to the direction of travel of the beam are called Trans verse ElectroMagnetic or TEM modes These variations determine in part the power distribution across the beam Many laser applications require a TEM beam which appears as a round spot that is brighter in the center than it is on its edges see Figure 6 3 Other modes have different irradiance contours and are identified by the number of nulls in the irradiance distribution The mode pattern for a given laser is a function of wavelength and can be affected by the size of the aper ture scratches on the mirrors or dust on the optical surfaces T
53. e 17 Buffered 5V Refer Output 5 V reference 10 mA maximum ence 18 Modulation Set Point Input Command signal 0 to 5 V full scale that modulates both the cur rent control input pin 19 and the power control input pin 36 See MODULATION connector description 19 Current COntrol Set Input Command signal 0 to 5 V full scale that selects the desired tube Point current with the laser in current mode pin 6 inactive May manually select the current set point when it is connected to the wiper arm of a 10 kW pot Connect the other two terminals of the pot across pins 17 buffered 5 V REF and 37 control common The input selects from 0 to 50 A of tube current at 10 A V Inputs exceeding minimum and maximum current limits of the power sup ply will be clipped 20 Not Connected 21 Not Connected 4 10 Controls Indicators and Connections Table 4 2 Model 2670 Controller Interface Pin Assignments Pin Name Type Description 22 Digital Input Common Input Current source for optically coupled logic in puts Requires 5 V pull up at 50 mA which may be user supplied or taken from pin 27 23 Auxiliary Interlock Input One side of the interlock input Must be jumpered with pin 24 for normal use the interlock requires a floating contact to make or break the interlock 24 Auxiliary Interlock Input Common interlock input Must be jumpered with pin 23 and with pin Return 25 for normal use 25 Key Interlock Input One side of the interloc
54. e connec tors protrude through their respective windows on the connector panel and the mounting standoffs from the controller pc board are visible through the four mounting holes on the CI 5 Using four 4 40 x 1 2 in screws and washers mount the CI to the con troller pc board 6 Connect the remaining end of the ribbon cable to the connector on the end of the CI 7 Referto the dip switch setting information elsewhere in this chapter for each interface before you install the power supply cover Commands The CI is a data acquisition and control pc board Only five commands are needed to perform all control and monitoring functions in the power sup ply e Configure used to initialize the CI for computer use after system power up e Write turns plasma current on or off selects current or light mode and selects the 2 or 10 W power range e Read monitors the tube gas pressure the interlocks and the over current status lines e Set sets the current or light output level e Sample measures tube voltage and current and the 5 Vdc ref erence The following sections Status Commands and Control Commands explain how to use these commands to query system status and to control system functions Status Commands Sample a The Sample a command where a is a value from 1 to 4 queries four sys tem monitors The value returned will be a decimal number from 0 to 250 The the following equation to determine th
55. e laser and call your Spectra Physics service representative Removing and Installing Mirror Holders Bayonet style Mirror Holders The output coupler and high reflector use similar holders Both are designed with a bayonet locking mechanism and incorporate three ball optical seating Changing optics is easy with repeatable results Very little if any adjustment of the high reflector is necessary when changing optics Removing Replacing the Mirrors The output coupler holder is recessed as shown in Figure 6 1 and the front escutcheon plate and accessory mount must be removed to gain access to it The high reflector holder on the other hand protrudes from the rear escutcheon and is readily accessible Only Steps 3 and 5 below need be performed to replace the high reflector Accessory Output Coupler Mount Holder Escutcheon Plate Figure 6 1 The laser head showing the output coupler holder 6 3 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser 1 Remove the output end escutcheon plate The escutcheon plate is held in place by magnets Put your fingers through the large bezel and pull it free to remove it You need not remove the cover to do this Unscrew the accessory mount 3 Remove the mirror holder Turn the mirror holder counterclockwise to snap it out of lock then turn it another 30 and pull it straight out of the mirror plate 4 Remove and replace the mirror The mirror holders use a spring loaded cup to hold the optic a U
56. e value of the system function measured response x multiplier 250 V where V is the actual value of the system function measured response is the value returned by the Sample a command and multiplier is the value from Table 7 1 for the system function polled Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Note that the value returned for the Sample 3 command depends on the power range set see Control Commands Write p n below Table 7 1 Sample a Command System Monitor Range Multiplier Sample 1 Tube voltage 0 to 300 Vdc 300 Sample 2 Tube current O to 50A 50 Sample 3 Output power 0 to 2 W or 2 0to 10W 10 Sample 4 5 Vdc reference 0 to 5 Vde 5 Read a The Read a command where a is 4 or 5 queries the status of the eight sys tem functions shown in Table 7 2 and Table 7 3 A decimal number from 0 to 15 is returned that represents a four bit binary pattern Table 7 2 Read 4 Decimal No Water Water Flow Head Cover Power Range Returned Temperature 0 Not Okay Not Okay Open 2W 1 Not Okay Not Okay Open 10 W 2 Not Okay Not Okay Closed 2W 3 Not Okay Not Okay Closed 10 W 4 Not Okay Okay Open 2W 5 Not Okay Okay Open 10 W 6 Not Okay Okay Closed 2W 7 Not Okay Okay Closed 10 W 8 Okay Not Okay Open 2 W 9 Okay Not Okay Open 10 W 10 Okay Not Okay Closed 2 W 11 Okay Not Okay Closed 10 W 12 Okay Okay Open 2 W 13 Okay Okay Open 10W 14 Okay Okay Closed 2 W 15 Okay Okay Closed 10 W Table 7 3 Read 5 Decimal No Fill Key Ove
57. e vertical adjustment on the high reflector mirror plate two turns counterclockwise The coarse control is locked at the fac tory after the laser is aligned initially but can be broken free with a little pressure Scan the rear mirror plate horizontally while rocking it vertically to obtain a laser flash Grasp the vertical rocking lever located on the left side of the mirror plate and rock the plate back and forth simultaneously slowly turn the horizontal adjustment to scan the high reflector horizontally Keep rocking and scanning until you observe a bright flash of laser light When the beam flashes stop turning the horizontal control and stop rocking If you turn the horizontal adjustment so far that you are convinced that you will never achieve lasing turn it in the other direction Keep rock ing the mirror mount as you turn the control Turn the vertical adjustment clockwise until you establish sustained lasing This manual contains no electronic repair information Only personnel trained and authorized by Spectra Physics should attempt to trouble shoot and repair electronic assemblies 9 1 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Replacement Parts Troubleshooting Table 9 1 Replacement Parts Description Part Number Fuse 2 A slow blow Fs Fe 5100 3024 Fuse 8 A 250 V F4 Fo F40 F42 5101 1020 Fuse 1 5 A 250 V Fi F45 5101 1290 Fuse 1 A 250 V ceramic F Fg Fg 5101 1430 Fuse 50 A 25
58. each com mand These delimiters may be used interchangeably Typically the comma 1s used between elements of a command and LF is used to terminate the command The delimiter between the command word and the element s that follow it may be omitted Command words and keywords may contain either upper or lower case alpha characters Spaces and all nonprintable characters except lt LF gt are ignored by the CI Consecutive delimiters are interpreted as a single delim iter all but the first are ignored Examples SET 1 127 lt LF gt SET 2 255 lt LF gt WRITE4 1001B WRITES5 0110B lt LF gt The use of delimiters permits simple message formatting and allows entry from either a terminal or computer program When entered from a terminal they may take the following form 7 13 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Response Format 7 14 SET 1 127 lt CR gt lt LF gt If executed from a program they may look like this 10 AS SET 20 B 1 30 C 127 40 OUTPUT AS B C Command words and keywords may be abbreviated Table 7 9 but they must include at least the first three characters Whether spelled out or abbreviated they must be spelled correctly or they will be aborted Table 7 9 CI Command Abbreviations Command Word Shortest Abbreviated Form Acceptable Configure CON Read REA Sample SAM Set SET Write WRI Keywords used with the CONFIGURE Command Input INP Output OUT Nonclocked NON An input error
59. edures and maintenance you must perform to keep your system in compliance with CE and CDRH regulations To ensure your system is installed according to these regulations and to minimize the risk of injury or expensive repairs be sure to read this chapter then care fully follow these instructions Laser Description contains a brief exposition on argon ion laser theory and is followed by a more detailed description of the Stabilite 2017 laser system The chapter concludes with system specifications and outline drawings The middle chapters describe the system s controls indicators and connec tors then guide you through its installation and operation A separate chap ter covers the optional Model 2680 computer interface The last part of the manual covers maintenance and service and includes a replacement parts list and a list of world wide Spectra Physics Service Centers you can call if you need help Whereas the Maintenance section contains information you need to keep your laser clean and operational on a day to day basis Service and Repair is intended to help you guide your Spectra Physics field service engineer to the source of any problems Do not attempt repairs yourself Stabilite 2017 lon Laser while the unit is still under warranty instead report all problems to Spectra Physics for warranty repair This product has been tested and found to conform to Directive 89 336 EEC for Electromagnetic Compatib
60. eld service offices in major United States cities When calling for service inside the United States dial our toll free number 1 800 456 2552 To phone for service in other coun tries refer to the Service Centers listing located at the end of this section Order replacement parts directly from Spectra Physics For ordering or shipping instructions or for assistance of any kind contact your nearest sales office or service center You will need your instrument model and serial numbers available when you call Service data or shipping instruc tions will be promptly supplied To order optional items or other system components or for general sales assistance dial 1 800 SPL LASER in the United States or 1 650 961 2550 from anywhere else This warranty supplements the warranty contained in the specific sales order In the event of a conflict between documents the terms and condi tions of the sales order shall prevail The Stabilite 2017 ion laser is protected by an 18 month 2000 hour war ranty LaserCare agreements for incremental 6 month 750 hour periods can be purchased for extended protection This warranty applies to undam aged plasma tubes when the plasma tube is excited by the appropriate Spectra Physics power supply All mechanical electronic and optical parts and assemblies including plasma tubes are unconditionally warranted to be free of defects in workmanship and materials for the warranty period Liability
61. electric potential volt V resistance ohm Q inductance henry H magnetic flux weber Wb magnetic flux density tesla T luminous intensity candela cd temperature celcius C pressure pascal Pa capacitance farad F angle radian rad Prefixes tera 107 T deci 10 d nano 10 n giga 10 G centi 107 c pico 107 p mega 10 M mill 10 m femto 107 f kilo 10 k micro 109 u atto 1079 a XV Unpacking and Inspection Unpacking Your Laser Your Stabilite 2017 laser was packed with great care and its container was inspected prior to shipment it left Spectra Physics in good condition Upon receiving your system immediately inspect the outside of the ship ping containers If there is any major damage holes in the containers crushing etc insist that a representative of the carrier be present when you unpack the contents Carefully inspect your laser system as you unpack it If any damage is evi dent such as dents or scratches o the covers or broken knobs etc immedi ately notify the carrier and your Spectra Physics sales representative Keep the shipping containers If you file a damage claim you may need them to demonstrate that the damage occurred as a result of shipping If you need to return the system for service at a later date the specially designed container assures adequate protection System Components Accessory Kit The following components comprise the Stabilite 2017 laser system e Stabilite 201
62. emoved and hand held use clean finger cots or powderless latex gloves to protect the coated surface 2 Clean the mirrors a Wearing clean finger cots or powderless latex gloves hold the mir ror and blow away dust particles and lint using a jet of nitrogen or air b Wet a piece of photographic lens tissue acetone and clean the edges of the optic c Hold the mirror horizontal with its coated surface up and place a fresh sheet of photographic lens tissue over the sur face d Squeeze a drop or two of acetone onto the tissue Figure 8 1 then gently draw the tissue across the surface to remove dissolved con taminants and dry the surface drop and drag Figure 8 1 Cleaning a Mirror Surface 3 Ifthe mirror is an output coupler invert it and repeat Step 2 above cleaning the second surface Stabilite 2017 lon Laser 4 Install the mirror The arrow on the side of the optic points to the coated intracavity side 5 Adjust the mirror plate for maximum optical output power Typically only the high reflector needs to be adjusted This completes this procedure Cleaning the Prism Assembly 1 Remove the prism assembly from the laser Caution Do not leave the optical cavity of the laser open for extended periods of time Doing so shortens the life of the intracavity passive catalyst Unscrew and remove the cover of the prism assembly 3 Remove the high reflector A small retaining screw Figure 8 2
63. ence Usually the CI is ordered at the time the laser is ordered and it is installed and tested at the factory It may however be ordered at a later date and installed by the user When ordered separately it will come as a kit and will include e the CI with the bottom metal shield attached e a50 wire connecting ribbon cable and e a REMOTE connector jumper plug The ribbon cable connects the CI to the power supply internal controller pc board that is located directly under the CI when it is installed Refer to Description above for information on when and how to use the remote controller jumper plug 1 Remove the power supply cover 14 screws 2 Remove and discard the two plastic covers used to plug the RS 232 and IEEE 488 windows on the power supply connector panel 3 Connect the 50 wire ribbon cable to the power supply controller pc board The controller pc board sits in the same gold anodized tray into which the CIis to be installed It contains the logic circuits required to control Model 2680 Computer Interface the laser system and it provides attachment for the Model 2670 con troller via the REMOTE connector refer to Figure 7 1 a Connect the cable to connector J on the control pc board b Pull the ribbon cable to the center of the controller board and fold it at 90 so that it extends past the board end opposite the REMOTE connector 4 Place the CI onto the tray and position it so that the interfac
64. ence between the exit back pressure and the input pressure A 25 um filter is provided with the laser Cooling water may be supplied from an open loop system Typically such a system consists of a water supply source for cooling and a direct connec tion to a drain to discard the heated waste water A 25 um filter is provided and should be installed into the incoming water line as shown in Figure 5 2 Spectra Physics also recommends you include in this line valves for select ing either the water supply or a source of compressed air 690kPa or 100 psi To minimize spillage use the compressed air to drive the water out of the system before the hoses are disconnected Always turn off the water before opening the air valve and vice versa Laser Head To Drain N Filter r Oo 7 Cooling Water Power Supply From Source Valves Compressed Air Figure 5 2 Connecting the Cooling Water Loop 1 Install the water filter supplied Install the water filter case in the supply line the direction of flow is marked on the case Unscrew the lower housing and insert a 25 um fil ter supplied Screw the housing back on Stabilite 2017 lon Laser 2 Itis highly recommended that a pressure regulator be included in the installation and that it be set for the rated pressure found in Table 5 1 3 Connect the cooling water supply line to the female fitting on the power supply as shown
65. equency c is the speed of light L is the optical cavity length and m is an integer Thus the output of a given line is a set of discrete frequencies called longitudinal modes that are spaced such that Av 5 Laser Description Power Performance Considerations Several factors influence ion laser output The optical power can be calcu lated from Py rar 5 1 6 where T is the output coupler transmission A is the cross sectional area of the beam 7 is a saturation parameter is the small signal gain L is the gain length and fis the sum of all cavity losses The transmission of the output coupler should be the greatest of the cavity losses it should be greater than the sum of all others Ideally B which is caused by unwanted absorption reflection diffraction and transmission should be zero Some of the contributors to B are unavoidable due to minute impurities or flaws in the windows flaws in the mirrors and impuri ties in the gain medium However many of these impurities and flaws can be minimized The cleanliness of plasma tube processing operations which eliminates contaminants that can find their way to the inside surfaces of the mirrors is essential to improved ion laser output Cleanliness of other cav ity elements including both mirrors and the outside window surfaces is also very important A sealed cavity with an incorporated intracavity pas sive catalyst contributes to overall performance
66. er supply is the sum of the signals from the MODULATION connector and the active CURRENT or POWER control knob To illustrate with the system in current mode and the CURRENT control set so the meter reads 25 A a 1 V signal applied to the MODULATION connec tor modulates the plasma tube current 10 A that is it varies the current from 15 A to 35 A AUX INTLK 2 pin Cinch Jones these contacts must be shorted together before the laser will operate A jumper is installed at the factory It can be rewired or replaced to allow auxiliary safety equipment such as a door switch to shut off the laser di a MONITOR REMOTE MODULATION CA 0000000000000 Zan C Qo 000000000000 O AUX INTLK Figure 4 6 Model 2670 Controller Rear Panel Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Remote Interface Pin Assignments Table 4 2 describes the function of each pin in the REMOTE interface con nector All logic inputs are optically coupled and require driving logic that can sink 10 mA with a logic low voltage of less than 0 8 V Table 4 2 Model 2670 Controller Interface Pin Assignments Pin Name Type Description 1 GND Common Model 2550 power supply digital ground 2 GND Common Model 2550 power supply digital ground 3 Computer Remote Input Selects control source When this input is pulled low control signals on input pins 4 5 6 7 and 8 are enabled When the input is inactive high signals on pins 4 5 6 7 and 8 are ignored
67. etting DIP switch SW on the CI Figure 7 3 can be used to force the Data Termi nal Ready DTR and Request To Send RTS signals high 1 This may be necessary because some computers or terminals ignore one or both signals If so the appropriate signal s must be set high to enable communications between the two devices To force these lines high set the appropriate switch of SW to the on or closed position When finished setting all DIP switches replace the cover on the power sup ply Message Formats Command Format Information in this section applies for both the IEEE 488 and RS 232 inter faces The commands as shown earlier are strings of ASCII characters the com puter or terminal sends the CI The string consists of the command word and one or two data elements command word gt lt data gt lt LF gt command word gt lt data gt lt data gt lt LF gt For each command word the CI expects to find appropriate data or key word elements following it Data is always in integer form and must be in the range from 0 to 255 when in decimal format or 0000b to 1111b when in binary format refer to the Commands section earlier in this chapter Commands and keywords are reserved words that have unique meaning to the CI and can only be used for narrowly defined purposes A command string also includes the comma and line feed lt LF gt delim iter characters to separate command elements and to terminate
68. for the second win dow If the second window cleaning provides specified power you are done Skip to the next step If it still does not produce specified power call your Spectra Physics representative 5 Turn off the laser and slide the cavity seal to its normal position to close the intracavity 6 Remove the cover interlock key place it in its parking place and replace the laser head cover This completes this procedure Replacing the Water Filter 8 8 The water filter supplied for the water supply line should be changed reg ularly to prevent restricted flow which will ultimately shut down the laser or whenever it appears to be dirty 1 Shut off the water supply 2 Press the button on top of the filter housing to release internal pressure 3 Unscrew the lower portion of the filter housing 4 Remove the used filter cartridge Maintenance Make sure the O ring at the top of the housing is clean and seated evenly in its groove Insert a new 25 um filter cartridge into the lower housing and install the housing with the cartridge Refer to Chapter 9 Service and Repair Replacement Parts for the filter part number This completes this procedure Cleaning the Power Supply Water Filter The filter in the female hose fitting on the power supply should be inspected frequently and cleaned when required to prevent restricted water flow which will ultimately shut down the laser The filter is a small round
69. ger cots or powderless latex gloves when ever touching optics e Usea jet of dry nitrogen or canned air or a rubber squeeze bulb to blow dust or lint from the optic surface before cleaning it with solvent Per manent damage may occur if dust scratches the coating during wiping 8 1 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser e Use spectroscopic or reagent grade solvents Don t try to remove con tamination with a cleaning solvent that may leave other impurities behind e Use Kodak Lens Cleaning Paper or equivalent photographic lens tis sue to clean optics and plasma tube windows Do not use lens tissue meant to clean eye glasses as they contain contaminating silicones Use each tissue only once dirty tissue merely redistributes contamina tion it does not remove it Cleaning Optics There are two cleaning procedures for mirrors and prisms an acetone cleaning to remove light everyday contaminants and a more aggressive cleaning to remove stubborn contaminants Perform the less harsh acetone cleaning first to see if specified power can be obtained without the addi tional scrubbing If performance is still unsatisfactory proceed with the harsher hydrogen peroxide cleaning listed under Cleaning Plasma Tube Windows Equipment Required dry nitrogen canned air or rubber squeeze bulb plastic hemostat e forceps e 2 Phillips screwdriver e clean new finger cots or powderless latex gloves e Kodak Lens Cleaning Paper or an equivalent
70. h electrons The first ionizes the atom and the second excites the ion from its ground state E either directly to the 4p energy level E or to E from which it cascades almost immediately to 4p The 4p ions will eventually decay to 4s E emitting a photon either spontaneously or when stimulated to do so by a photon of equivalent energy The wavelength of the photon depends on the specific energy levels involved but it will be between 400 and 600 nm with its strongest lines at 488 and 514 5 nm The ion decays spontaneously from 4s to the ionic ground state emitting a photon in the vacuum ultraviolet uv about 74 nm as it leaves the lower level of the lasing transition 1 5 4p2S0 Figure 3 3 Energy Levels of the 4p 4s Argon Ion Laser Transitions The population in the ionic ground state at any given time is small Recom bination processes return ions to the neutral atom energy level scheme therefore there is no tendency toward a self absorption bottleneck a population buildup in the lower laser levels Laser Description The existence of only two lower states for a large number of visible laser transitions suggests that strong competition between lines with a common lower level may exist Such competition would manifest itself as improved performance of a given line during single line operation compared to its strength when all lines are present Although competition exists its effect is minor and single line oper
71. he Stabilite 2017 employs a lever operated aperture plate that contains 10 aperture sizes labeled 1 through 10 which provides the means to tune to TEM Aperture 1 has the smallest diameter aperture 10 the largest The setting marked O is not an aperture but is wide open Table 6 1 lists the aperture diameters Table 6 1 Aperture Diameters Aperture Number Diameter mm in 1 193 076 206 081 216 085 224 088 231 091 239 094 246 100 104 104 108 150 254 4 264 104 274 108 381 150 OMAN DO BW Io Os 6 6 Operation Figure 6 3 Transverse Modes Viewing the Mode Danger Laser Radiation The Stabilite 2017 is shipped with the broadband mirror holder in stalled To get a TEM output at a single line install the prism assembly and select the aperture that produces TEM output Refer to Interchanging the Broadband Mirror Holder and Prism Assembly earlier in this chapter e At 514 5 nm an aperture setting from 5 to 9 will typically produce TEM og output e At 488 0 nm an aperture setting from 2 to 6 will typically produce TEM og output The Stabilite 2017 is a Class IV laser therefore the beam whether direct or reflected is a safety hazard Use a neutral density attenuator for mode observations and adjustments and make sure the beam only strikes low reflectance surfaces If you find it difficult to identify the mode of a
72. he laser head The other ends are terminated with standard U S garden hose fittings Controls Indicators and Connections Model 2550 Power Supply Controls i Danger y Indicators Connections In each category below the power supply control panel is described from left to right top to bottom as shown in Figure 4 4 Safety Optional Model 2670 Optional Ground RS 232 C REMOTE IEEE 488 Power SUPPLY Lug Connector Connector Connector STATUS LED eee me Ves e e 9 RS232C IEEE 488 Cleans e REMOTE SUPPLY STATUS INPUT POWER WATER IN WATER TO HEAD Umbilical INPUT WATER IN WATER TO Attachment POWER Connector HEAD Cable Connector Figure 4 4 Front Panel of the Model 2550 Power Supply The only control on the power supply is inside the cover interlock switch Refer to When the cover is in place it pushes down on a lever that closes a spring loaded switch When the cover is removed the spring raises the plunger and opens the switch It is this condition that opens the interlock loop and turns off the laser The switch can be defeated when the cover is off by pulling up on the plunger which again closes the switch Be vary careful when operating the power supply with the cover removed and interlock switch defeated There are several high voltage high current devices inside
73. holds the mirror spring clip in place Loosen the retaining screw and slide the spring clip to the side Do not adjust any other screws on the prism assembly Invert the assembly and drop the mirror onto a soft lint free cloth Prism Dust Retaining Spring Clip Prism Cover Screw holding high Cover reflector in place Figure 8 2 Prism Assembly 4 Clean the mirror refer to Cleaning Mirrors above 5 Install the high reflector in its holder The arrow on the side of the optic points to the coated surface that faces the cavity Once the mirror is in the holder slide the retaining spring into place and tighten the screw 8 4 Maintenance 6 Clean the prism The prism can be cleaned in its mount do not remove it a Blow away dust particles or lint using nitrogen or air b Prepare an acetone saturated lens tissue in a hemostat Figure 8 3 P Figure 8 3 Lens Tissue Folded for Cleaning Fold a piece of lens tissue until it is the appropriate size to fit within the prism slot Do not touch the tissue with your fingers use clean finger cots or powderless latex gloves Clamp the tissue in a plastic hemostat and cut it at the fold with forceps Saturate the tissue with acetone and shake off the excess This reduces the contaminants inherent in the tissue Resaturate the tis sue and shake again c Wipe one surface bottom to top in a single motion Be careful that the tip of the hemostat does not scratch
74. ides immediate feedback on plasma tube cleanliness Q M Endbells technology is a Spectra Physics innovation that permits extended plasma tube lifetime A patented window coating protects the windows from long term uv radiation damage and a modified optical con tact bond is used to seal each window to an endbell assembly essentially eliminating residual contamination inherent in conventional hard seal bonding agents Q M Endbells are sturdy enough to withstand high temper ature processing methods and they produce a window that remains free of internal deposits that degrade performance An automatic gas fill system is incorporated that monitors the gas pressure in the plasma tube Whenever tube pressure falls below the optimal range the system meters a precise volume of gas into the tube from a high pres sure reservoir located on the end of the tube This autofill feature contrib utes to the dependability and convenience of the Stabilite 2017 ion laser The Stabilite 2017 does not require a cavity purge Instead an intracavity passive catalyst inside each cavity seal minimizes contaminating ozone O4 inside the resonator cavity between each window and mirror by con verting it to molecules of harmless oxygen O This eliminates the requirement for a gas supply filters driers and air tubing The Model 2550 Power Supply 3 8 The power supply provides ample low noise current to create a plasma dis charge in the laser plasma
75. il ou ung Bestrahlung von Auge que los ojos y la piel blootsteling aan huid of de la Peau au Rayonne oder Haut durch direkte queden expuestos tanto a oog aan disecte straling of ment Direct ou Diffus oder Streustrahlung ver la radiaicion directa como weerkaatsingen meiden a la dispersa Cavity Seal Rayonnement Laser visible Sichtbare und oder unsich Cuando se retira el cierre Zichtbare en of niet zicht Label et invisible en cas D Ouver tbare Laserstrahlung nicht de la cavidad hay emision bare laser straling wordt 6 ture dem Strahl aussetzen de radiaci n laser visible y geemitteerd zoals aange o invisible tal como se geven wanneer caviteit afs muestra cherming wordt verwijderd Patent Ce produits est fabriqu Dieses Produkt wurde Este producto esta fabri Dit product is gefabriceerd Label Sous l un ou plusieurs des unter Verwendung einer cado con una o m s de las met een of meer van de 16 brevets suivants oder mehrerer der fol genden US Patente herg estellt siguientes patentes de los Estados Unidos volgende USA patenten 2 10 Laser Safety CE Declaration of Conformity Emissions We Spectra Physics Inc Industrial and Scientific Lasers 1330 Terra Bella Avenue P O Box 7013 Mountain View CA 94039 7013 United States of America declare under sole responsibility that the 2017 Argon lon Laser System with a Model 2550 Power Supply and Model 2670 Remote control box Manufactured after
76. ility Class A compliance was demon strated for EN 50081 2 1993 Emissions and EN 50082 1 1992 Immunity as listed in the official Journal of the European Communities It also meets the intent of Directive 73 23 EEC for Low Voltage Class A compliance was demonstrated for EN 61010 1 1993 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory use and EN 60825 1 1992 Radiation Safety for Laser Products Refer to the CE Declaration of Conformity documents in Chapter 2 Finally if you encounter any difficulty with the content or style of this manual please let us know The last page is a form to aid in bringing such problems to our attention Thank you for your purchase of Spectra Physics instruments Environmental Specifications CE Electrical Equipment Requirements For information regarding the equipment needed to provide the electrical service listed under Service Requirements at the end of Chapter 3 please refer to specification EN 309 Plug Outlet and Socket Couplers for Indus trial Uses listed in the official Journal of the European Communities Environmental Specifications The environmental conditions under which the laser system will function are listed below Indoor use Altitude up to 2000 m Temperatures 10 C to 409 C Maximum relative humidity 80 non condensing for temperatures up to 31 C Mains supply voltage do not exceed 10 of the
77. in Figure 5 2 4 Connect the male fitting on the power supply to the female fitting on the laser head 5 Connect the male fitting on the laser head to the water return drain line Warning Verify the water enters the power supply first before going to the laser m head If the supply line is connected incorrectly significant damage can occur Such damage is not covered by your warranty Figure 5 2 shows a properly connected system Closed loop Cooling Systems Because local water varies in pressure and temperature throughout the day or may have a high calcium content hard water a closed loop cooling system such as the Model 315A water conditioner may be used to regulate the pressure temperature and flow rate of the cooling water It also greatly reduces the amount of water used to cool the system it s recycled Such a system also enhances the stability of the laser and improves its perfor mance Like the Model 315A your closed loop cooling system specifica tions must meet or exceed the Stabilite 2017 cooling requirements listed in Table 3 4 Laser Head Inspection Great care was taken in preparing your laser for shipping Remove the laser head cover and inspect the interior 1 Inspect the cavity seal on each end of the plasma tube If the seal was dislodged during shipping the plasma tube window will have to be cleaned refer to Chapter 8 Maintenance Cleaning the Plasma Tube Windows for details 2 I
78. istance across Pins 2 and 4 of laser head cable J1 should be 68 Q 1 see connector drawing below Resistance from either pin to ground should be gt 10 MQ 4 Danger Remove the high reflector to stop the lasing action before looking down the bore J 2 4 6 8 10 mlr 44islocated on the power supply main board To read the magnet resistance disconnect the multi component plug from J1 and use an ohm meter to read the resistance across the wires going to the laser head pins 2 and 4 1 3 5 7 9 Figure 9 1 Troubleshooting Flowchart 9 3 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser 9 4 Chapter 10 Warranty Customer Service At Spectra Physics we take great pride in the reliability of our products Considerable emphasis has been placed on controlled manufacturing meth ods and quality control throughout the manufacturing process Neverthe less even the finest precision instruments will need occasional service We feel our instruments have excellent service records compared to competi tive products and we hope to demonstrate in the long run that we provide excellent service to our customers in two ways first by providing the best equipment for the money and second by offering service facilities that get your instrument repaired and back to you as soon as possible Spectra Physics maintains major service centers in the United States Europe and Japan Additionally there are fi
79. ity 10 Remove the cover interlock key place it in its parking place and replace the laser head cover Hydrogen Peroxide Cleaning 1 Turn off the laser and close the intracavity shutter 2 Clean the window with hydrogen peroxide Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Danger n Warning lW a Prepare a fresh lens tissue in a hemostat as in Step 6b of the ace tone cleaning procedure above but wet the tissue with hydrogen peroxide instead do not saturate Hydrogen peroxide is corrosive Do not shake off the excess as you nor mally do with acetone and methanol b Using a circular motion scrub the entire window surface for 10 to 20 seconds Do not allow hydrogen peroxide to wick between the PTFE shroud and the Q M endbell Hydrogen peroxide is slow to dry and if too much is used it may draw contaminants into the void between the shroud and the endbell These contaminants will eventually migrate recontaminat ing the window and possibly rendering the intracavity passive catalyst ineffective c Use a fresh lens tissue to dry the surface d Repeat this step substituting methanol for hydrogen peroxide e Repeat this step this time with acetone 3 Turn on the laser and open the intracavity shutter Note the optical output power If output now meets specified power you are done Skip to the next step If it does not meet specified power turn off the laser close the intracavity shutter and repeat Steps 1 through 3
80. iwa Nakameguro Building 4 6 1 Nakameguro Meguro ku Tokyo 153 Telephone 81 3 3794 5511 Fax 81 3 3794 5510 Japan West Spectra Physics KK West Regional Office Cygnes Building 2 19 Uchihirano Cho Chuo ku Osaka Telephone 81 6 6941 7331 Fax 81 6 6941 2700 All European and Middle Eastern countries in this region not included elsewhere on this list 10 3 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Service Centers cont 10 4 United Kingdom Spectra Physics Ltd Boundary Way Hemel Hempstead Herts HP2 7SH Telephone 44 1442 258100 Fax 44 1442 68538 United States and Export Countries Spectra Physics 1330 Terra Bella Avenue Mountain View CA 94043 Telephone 800 456 2552 Service or 800 SPL LASER Sales or 800 775 5273 Sales or 650 961 2550 Operator Fax 650 964 3584 e mail service splasers com sales splasers com Internet www spectra physics com And all countries not included elsewhere on this list Notes Notes 1 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Notes 2 Notes Notes 3 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Notes 4 Notes Notes 5 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Notes 6 Report Form for Problems and Solutions We have provided this form to encourage you to tell us about any difficulties you have experienced in using your Spectra Physics instrument or its manual problems that did not require a formal call or letter to our service department but that you feel should be remedie
81. k input Must be jumpered with pin 24 for normal use 26 Key Interlock Open Output If key interlock is open the output is inactive high otherwise the output is pulled low 27 5M Output 5 V at 500 mA max for customer use 28 12V Output 12 V at 50 mA max for customer use 29 12V Output 12 V at 50 mA max for customer use 30 Tube Fill Status Output If the automatic gas fill circuit is filling the plasma tube the output is inactive high If the tube cannot be filled because the gas reservoir is empty the output is repeatedly pulled low and high 1 Hz square wave When the output is held constantly low it indicates that the plasma tube is maintaining sufficient gas pressure 31 Remote Emission Output If the laser is turned off the output is inactive high otherwise out Indicator put is pulled low 32 Not Connected 33 Current Monitor Output Return for pin 15 0 to 5 V current monitor output Return 34 Power Monitor Return Output Return for pin 16 0 to 5 V power monitor out put 35 Volt REF Monitor Output Return for pin 17 buffered 5 V reference output and pin 4 volt Return age monitor output 36 Power Control Set Input Command signal 0 to 5 V full scale that selects the optical output Point power when the laser is operated in the power mode pin 6 low May be used to manually select the power set point when it is con nected to the wiper arm of a 10 kW potentiometer Connect the other two terminals of the pot across
82. l 2680 Computer Interface Note The CI responds to the IEEE 488 controller s Serial Poll Enable SPE mes sage by returning a status byte that indicates a the execution status of the last command received and b the version number of the CI firmware which is used for factory diagnostic purposes Figure 7 2 shows the com position of the status byte This status byte is provided primarily to facili tate error masking and recovery This feature is standard on all IEEE 488 controllers Bit 0 is set 1 when the CI finishes executing a command It is reset 0 during the execution of a command Bit 1 is set when the CI has finished executing the Sample or Read com mand and response data is ready for output to the controller It is reset when the CI has finished sending the response to the controller The Sam ple and Read commands are defined in the Commands section above Bit 2 is set when an error is detected in the command line and the CI has aborted the command Bits 3 4 and 5 indicate the firmware version as a 3 bit binary number Bit 5 is the most significant bit Bits 6 and 7 are always zero The IEEE 488 controller performs a serial poll of the CI by executing an SPE command The CI will automatically respond by sending back the sta tus byte Each IEEE 488 controller manufacturer has its own way of querying the input device for the serial status byte Refer to your IEEE 488 controller hardware manual for sam
83. le line powers for argon lasers are specified at 514 5 and 486 0 nm and for krypton lasers at 647 1 and 676 4 nm only Powers for all other lines indicated are nominal Firm specifications require special testing and are only available at the time of purchase All output power specifications except multiline refer to TEM operation 3 9 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser 3 10 Table 3 3 Optical Characteristics Optical Characteristics Specification Optical Noise Power Mode Current Mode Power Stability Power Mode Current Mode Beam Pointing Stability Beam Divergence at 1 e points Argon Krypton Beam Divergence full angle Argon Krypton Cavity Length With prism Without prism Mode Spacing With prism Without prism Polarization 0 5 rms 0 5 rms 0 5 1 0 0 5 mrad 0 7 mrad 0 960 m 0 920 m 156 MHz 163 MHz 100 1 vertical 4 bh A Performance at 514 5 nm for argon 647 1 nm for krypton 10 Hz to 2 MHz In any 30 min period after a 2 hr warm up Specification applies after a 2 hour warm up Data for 514 5 nm for argon 647 1 nm for krypton At other wavelengths assuming no change in optical configuration the diameter is given by diaydia l Lp Table 3 4 Stabilite 2017 Mechanical Specifications Electrical Specification Input Power 3 phase with ground Voltage 208 Vac 10 Current 42 A 208 Vac Frequency 50 60 Hz Power Dissipation Into water 16 kW
84. llow action to avoid exposure to laser radiation 5 Verify that the beam attenuator actually blocks exposure to laser radia tion 6 Verify that removing the laser head cover shuts off the laser 7 Verify that when the cover interlock is defeated the defeat mechanism is clearly visible and prevents installation of the cover until disen gaged 0 39 mW for continuous wave operation where output is limited to the 400 to 1400 nm range 2 3 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser CDRH Requirements for a Custom Controller or for Operation with the Model 2680 Computer Interface Safety Devices Emission Indicator 2 4 The Stabilite 2017 laser head and the Model 2550 power supply comply with all CDRH safety standards when operated with a Model 2670 control module However when the laser and power supply are operated without the Model 2670 controller through either the REMOTE interface or the Model 2680 computer interface you must provide the following in order to satisfy CDRH regulations Key Switch a means of limiting laser access It can be a real key lock a removable computer disk a password that limits access to computer con trol software or similar implement The laser must be capable of operation only when the key is present and in the on position Emission Indicator indicates that laser energy is or can be accessible It can be a power on lamp computer display or similar indicator on the control equipment It
85. lon Laser 8 e HEAD SELECT A or B but usually A e CONTROL REMOTE or IEEE 488 RS 232 e CURRENT or POWER level depending on the active mode Key switch off Turn on the main power Turn on the key switch The PLASMA ON indicator will glow and emission will occur after about 15 seconds Open the shutter Adjusting for Maximum Output Power Turning Off the Laser 1 Misalignment of the high reflector is the most frequent cause of low output power The mirror must be perpendicular to the beam for optimum perfor mance The mirror plate can be independently adjusted horizontally and vertically 1 Switch to current mode and monitor the optical output power 2 Verify the WAVELENGTH nm switch on the laser head rear panel matches the desired output wavelength 3 Adjust the high reflector for maximum optical output Achieve maximum power with one control before using the other The adjustments may interact so repeat this procedure first with one con trol then with the other until maximum output power is achieved If the unit stops lasing while you are turning one of the controls turn it in the opposite direction until lasing is restored Work only with that control until you get the unit lasing again If you cannot restore lasing refer to Chapter 9 Service and Repair Vertical Search Alignment Procedure to get it to lase again Adjust only the high reflector to achieve maximum power The curved output
86. n cleaning the windows Scratching the window can m degrade performance to the point that the plasma tube may have to be replaced Also applying too much pressure while scrubbing can bend the window support tube a Blow away dust particles or lint using a jet of nitrogen or air b Prepare an acetone saturated lens tissue in a hemostat Fold a piece of photographic lens tissue into a pad about 1 cm on a side and clamp it in a hemostat Figure 8 3 Do not touch the tis sue with your fingers use clean finger cots or powder less latex gloves Saturate the pad with acetone shake off the excess resaturate and shake again c Wipe the window bottom to top in a single motion Be careful that the tip of the hemostat does not scratch the surface Also insure that the acetone does not run down the window and wick between the PTFE shroud and the window support tube Turn on the laser and open the intracavity shutter Note the optical output power If power now meets specification you are done Skip to the next step If it doesn t turn off the laser close the intracavity shutter and repeat Steps 6 through 8 for the second window If the second window clean ing provides specified power you are done Skip to the next step If it still does not produce specified power skip to the section on Hydro gen Peroxide Cleaning below 9 Turn off the laser and slide the cavity seal to its normal position to close the intracav
87. nnecting the Cooling Water Loop sssssssssessoo 5 6 Figure 6 1 The laser head showing the outputcouplerholder 6 3 Figure 6 2 Only one line of the cavity beam spread by the prism is at the proper angle to return along the beam path and become amplified 6 6 Figure 6 3 Transverse Modes ss ss ehm 6 7 Figure 7 1 Model 2550 Power Supply Connector Panel sssssssoo 7 1 Figure 7 2 Diagram of the serial poll status byte indicating the function of each bit 7 8 Figure 7 3 Model 2680 Computer Interface liliis eres 7 10 Figure 8 1 Cleaning a Mirror Surface es 8 3 Figure 8 2 Prism Assembly s l Ls hr m rr 8 4 Figure 8 3 Lens Tissue Folded for Cleaning ssssssssssssesoo 8 5 Figure 8 4 A portion of the intracavity beam is reflected upward from each face of the prism 8 6 Figure 9 1 Troubleshooting Flowchart 0 0 0 9 3 List of Tables Table 2 1 Label Translations 0 0 0 cette 2 10 Table 3 1 Argon Output Power saaana eaea 3 9 Table 3 2 Krypton OutputPower eee ee 3 9 Table 3 3 Optical Characteristics 2 0 0 0 0c eee 3 10 Table 3 4 Stabilite 2017 Mechanical Specifications sss sss isis 3 10 Table 4 1 Aperture Diameters
88. nspect the shutter and aperture Both should operate easily and the shutter should open fully O is the open position for both the aperture lever and shutter switch Adjusting the Height of the Laser Head The laser head rests on four adjustable feet To raise or lower the head loosen the threaded jam nut on each foot where the foot meets the bottom panel then screw the feet in or out using an Allen wrench from inside the laser head The feet should all be the same height especially from side to side and their heights must be within 0 3 cm 8 in of one another Tighten the jam nuts when the adjustments are complete 5 6 Installation Pre Operation Water Leak Tests Perform the following test before you start your laser for the first time 1 2 3 Remove the laser head cover Slowly open the water supply valve until you hear water begin to flow Check for leaks at all plumbing connections within the laser head and at the ends of all water hoses Look for water under the power supply If there are no leaks open the valve and apply full pressure up to the rating specified in Table 5 1 If leaks are present check all water seals for proper seating If leaks persist shut off the water supply drain the cooling system and call your Spectra Physics representative When you are satisfied there are no leaks install the laser head and power supply covers Verify the each cover actuates the cover interlock switch lo
89. nt optical output power Power RANGE switch sets the full scale reading on the remote control meter to 2 W or 10 W when the meter switch is set to WATTS If the MODE switch is set to LIGHT the output power of the laser adjusts to reflect the meter setting if set to CURrent the meter reflects the present laser output power Note if the previous setting was gt 2 W on the 10 W scale the needle will now indicate maximum range on the 2 W scale peg the meter Controls Indicators and Connections ex FILL STAT us POWER cun 10W E Wl s CONT nEMOTE wee 488 8232 ort e POWER PLASM METER on cunno PS vano C 3 z AMI Q es 267 Roe REMO Spectra Physic CONTROLS Figure 4 5 The Model 2670 Controller HEAD SELECT switch switches power supply output between two laser heads Select A if you have only one head A dual head switch box is required to use the B setting CONTROL switch selects the external control state for the power supply In the REMOTE position the power supply is controlled by the Model 2670 remote control module or a user supplied controller attached to the REMOTE connector In the IEEE 488 RS 232 position the power supply is controlled by a computer or terminal connected through the optional Model 2180 computer interface board CURRENT control adjusts the plasma discharge current when the MODE switch is set to CURrent It has no effect while
90. nterface cable adapter that switches the data signal lines pin 2 with pin 3 and control signal lines pin 4 with pin 5 25 pin configuration is usually all that is needed to make the devices compatible The following diagram shows the interface signals and interconnections used by the CI The data link signals are named relative to the DTE Table 7 6 Standard RS 232 Interconnections Computer or Terminal Model 2680 DTE DCE RS 232 C Signal Pin No PinNo Pin No Signal Signal Name 25 Pin 9 Pin Transmitted Data TXD 2 3 2 RXD Received Data RXD 3 2 3 TXD Request To Send RTS 4 7 4 CTS Clear To Send CTS 5 8 5 RTS Data Set Ready DSR 6 6 6 DTR Data Carrier Detect DCD 8 1 8 DCD Data terminal Ready DTR 20 4 20 DSR Signal Ground 7 5 7 Protective Ground 1 SHELL 1 7 11 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Data Transfer and Handshaking The RS 232 serial interface operates in the full duplex mode data may be sent and received simultaneously To synchronize data trans missions with the RS 232 controller the CI implements a simple hardware handshaking protocol that monitors and controls the interface signals in the manner described below Interface signals are named relative to the data terminal device Data Terminal Ready and Request To Send the CI checks both of these lines when it has response data to send It sends data only when both sig nals are high 1 Data Set Ready Clear To Send and Data Carrier Detec
91. occurs if any part of the command is invalid e g a mis spelled command word or keyword a data value out of range or an incor rect number of elements in the command When an input error is detected the CI aborts and waits for a new command Bit 2 of the IEEE 488 interface status byte register is set 1 Refer to IEEE 488 Interface Serial Poll Sta tus Byte After executing a Sample or Read command the CI sends the re quested data to the computer followed by a carriage return and line feed lt response gt lt CR gt lt LF gt The CI also sends the End message to terminate transmission if the IEEE 488 interface is used Model 2680 Computer Interface Programming Example 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 This BASIC program continuously runs the Model 2550 power supply through the following seven minute plasma on and off cycle Minute Plasma Current 1 on high 2 on low 3 on high 4 on modulated 5 on high 6 off 7 off CLS PRINT 2550 TEST OPEN COM 78N2D FOR OUTPUT AS 1Initialize RS 232 port to 4800 baud 8 bit character no parity 2 stop bits XON XOFF disabled PRINT 1 Clear CI RS 232 port PRINT 1 WRITE 6 4 Initialize CI port 6 PRINT 1 WRITE 7 1 Initialize CI port 7 PRINT 1 CONFIGURE 6 OUT NON Configure CI port 6 PRINT 1
92. on Laser 1 Remove the cover from the power supply 14 screws 2 Attach the umbilical to the power supply a Insert the umbilical cables and ground wires through the access hole in the power supply cabinet b Anchor the umbilical flange to the power supply using all four mounting screws 3 Fasten the ground wires Insert the two green yellow ground wires into the opening of the power supply grounding lug then tighten the lug screw to anchor the wires 4 Attach the black umbilical cable connector to J on the laser control pc board 5 Attach the red umbilical cable connector to J on the power pc board Warning Before connecting the large red connector group be sure they are prop erly aligned Improper alignment will short the power supply and may damage both the supply and the plasma tube Grounding Lug 8 ie 1 Era P Na Jo Power PC Board J1 Figure 5 1 Model 2550 Power Supply with the Cover Removed Installation Control Connections Before the laser can be operated a controller must be installed typically the Model 2670 If the Model 2680 computer interface CI was ordered at the time of purchase it will already be installed and either the controller or a computer or terminal may be used to control the laser If a user supplied controller is to be used connected it to the Model 2550 power supply in the same manner described for the Model 2670 controller below Specifications for
93. or IEEE 488 parallel interface connec tions The power supply requires a 208 Vac x 1046 3 phase 42 A electrical source and its high power regulating devices are water cooled Refer to the cautionary statement above The Model 2670 Controller The easy to use Model 2670 controller included with the system provides all the controls necessary for local laser operation Using this device you can turn on and off the system select power or current mode set the output power or plasma current and monitor the output via the large meter Status lamps provide information regarding the interlock system fill circuit and laser emission A long 3 m 10 ft cord that attaches to the power supply allows you to place the controller anywhere on a standard table so that it is always conveniently in reach Accessory Kit Included with the laser system is an accessory kit that contains the follow ing items e two hoses for the water cooling system supply and return lines e a water filter and two extra filter cartridges plumbing fittings to connect the water filter in the supply line e atool kit containing various Allen wrenches and drivers for aligning and maintaining your laser e aprism assembly with protective cap e keys 2 for the controller e 50A fuses 3 for the power supply e various small medium current fuses 8 for the power supply 1 2 e aplastic hemostat e a glass solvent bottle e apacket of Kodak Lens Cleaning Paper
94. ot cover incidental or consequential loss The above warranty is valid for units purchased and used in the United States only Products shipped outside the United States are subject to a war ranty surcharge Return of the Instrument for Repair 10 2 Contact your nearest Spectra Physics field sales office service center or local distributor for shipping instructions or an on site service appointment You are responsible for one way shipment of the defective part or instru ment to Spectra Physics We encourage you to use the original packing boxes to secure instruments during shipment If shipping boxes have been lost or destroyed we recom mend that you order new ones We can return instruments only in Spectra Physics containers Always drain cooling water from the plasma tube before shipping Water expands as it freezes and damage incurred is excluded from warranty cov erage Service Centers Customer Service Benelux Spectra Physics BV Prof Dr Dorgelolaan 20 5613 AM Eindhoven The Netherlands Telephone 31 40 265 99 59 Fax 31 40 243 99 22 France Spectra Physics S A R L Z A de Courtaboeuf Avenue de Scandinavie 91941 Les Ullis Cedex Telephone 33 1 69 18 63 10 Fax 33 1 6907 60 93 Germany and Export Countries Spectra Physics GmbH Siemensstrasse 20 D 64289 Darmstadt Kranichstein Telephone 49 06151 7080 Fax 49 6151 79102 Japan East Spectra Physics KK East Regional Office Da
95. pened while the laser is running shuts it off Verify that the interlock is closed prior to restarting the laser FILL STATUS when off denotes tube pressure is normal When glowing continuously it indicates tube pressure has dropped below the factory set ting and that a fill is in process When blinking it also indicates tube pres sure has dropped below the factory setting but that the fill system cannot fill the tube If this occurs immediately turn off the laser and contact your Spectra Physics service representative Refer to Figure 4 6 MONITOR BNC outputs 0 to 5 Vdc proportional to the panel meter read ing depending on the position of the METER and RANGE switches as shown in the following table Controls Indicators and Connections METER Switch Range Switch 0 5 Vdc Represents AMPS N A 0 50A WATTS 2W 0 2W WATTS 10W 0 10W VOLTS N A 0 300 V REMOTE 37 pin D Sub provides connection for the control cable that attaches it to the REMOTE connector on the power supply MODULATION BNC allows the laser output to be modulated externally by a signal applied to this connector Modulation specifications are listed in the chart below Category Specifications Input Impedance 20 kQ Input Voltage Range 5V Modulation Sensitivity Current mode 10 A tube current volt Light mode 10 W 2 0 W optical output power volt Light mode 2 W 0 4 W optical output power volt The control signal to the pow
96. ples of BASIC statements to be used The following is a BASIC statement used by the 7O Tech Personal 488 GPIB Controller Card Print 1 SPOLL Input 2 A Print is a BASIC output statement The controller attached to the CI has been designated device 1 for output Spoll is the SPE command that causes its controller to request a status byte Refer to your IEEE 488 con troller manual for specific I O device setup information and command lan guage Input is a BASIC input statement The controller attached to the CI has been designated device 2 for input even though only one controller card is likely to be used for both input and output The requested status byte is read into the IEEE 488 controller as BASIC variable A Stabilite 2017 lon Laser SW DIP Switch Setting 7 10 The CI IEEE 488 hardware interface is easy to configure Remove the power supply cover 14 screws to expose the CI Figure 5 1 Select a device address that is different from that of all other devices attached to the same bus and set DIP switch SW Figure 7 3 to set the IEEE 488 address from 0 to 31 see Table 7 5 The five positions add together to establish the address The factory setting is 25 Replace the cover on the power supply when done setting the dip switches Table 7 5 SW DIP switch settings for Selecting Device Address Switch Number 1 2 3 4 5 Bit Weight 16 8 4 2 1 Factory Setting 25 On 16 On 8 Off Off On 1
97. pre vent ing unnecessary reflections or scattering Figure 2 2 2 1 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser VISIBLE AND OR INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION CLASS 4 LASER PRODUCT ARGON KRYPTON MAXIMUM OUTPUT 20 W SEE MANUAL 0451 8140 VISIBLE amp INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION RAYONNEMENT LASER VISIBLE ET INVISIBLE EXPOSITION DANGEREUSE DE L OEIL OU DE LA PEAU AU RAYONNEMENT DIRECT OU DIFFUS LASER DE CLASSE 4 ARGON KRYPTON PUISSANCE MAXIMUM 20 W ARGON KRYPTON 20W CLASS IV LASER PRODUCT SEE VOIR MANUEL D UTILISATION MANUAL Figure 2 1 These CE and CDRH standard safety warning labels would be appropriate for use as entry warning signs EN 60825 1 ANSI 4 3 10 1 Figure 2 2 Folded Metal Beam Target Caution Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure Danger Follow the instructions contained in this manual for safe operation of Laser Radiation your laser At all times during operation maintenance or service of your laser avoid unnecessary exposure to laser or collateral radiation that exceeds the accessible emission limits listed in Performance Stan dards for Laser Products United States Code of Federal Regulations 21CFR1040 10 d Any elec
98. r Current Auxiliary Returned Status Interlock Interlock Interlock 0 Okay Open Open Open 1 Okay Open Open Closed 2 Okay Open Closed Open 3 Okay Open Closed Closed 4 Okay Closed Open Open 5 Okay Closed Open Closed Model 2680 Computer Interface Table 7 3 Read 5 Decimal No Fill Key Over Current Auxiliary Returned Status Interlock Interlock Interlock 6 Okay Closed Closed Open 7 Okay Closed Closed Closed 8 Low Open Open Open 9 Low Open Open Closed 10 Low Open Closed Open 11 Low Open Closed Closed 12 Low Closed Open Open 13 Low Closed Open Closed 14 Low Closed Closed Open 15 Low Closed Closed Closed Of these responses only four are commonly observed e 7 is returned when the system is operating properly i e all interlocks are closed and fill pressure is okay e 15 is returned if the interlocks are closed but the fill pressure is low e 3 5 or 6 is returned if one of the interlocks opens usually the keyswitch which shuts down the system and there is no tube cur rent and the fill status defaults to okay Typically only one inter lock will show as open Note If an interlock fault occurs and the REMOTE jumper plug is used or if the over current fault occurs turn off the main power to the system then turn it back on to reset the interlock Naturally the CI must be initialized again before it can be used refer to Power Supply ON Default Condi tion Initializing the
99. red if you attempt to install the laser yourself and such action may void your warranty Note g The following installation procedures are provided for reference only Electrical Connections Connecting to Electrical Service The Model 2550 power supply requires three phase 208 Vac 10 42 A electrical service Connect the green lead of the power cable to earth ground not neutral Connect the remaining three leads to the legs of the three phase service sequence is not important To comply with IEC 601 1 safety standards the installation must include a switch that simultaneously separates all three phases A circuit breaker or wall switch should be placed between the elec trical service and the power supply the breaker or switch must be rated for at least 50 A Warning If your electrical service does not fall within the range 208 Vac 10 use a transformer to convert your line voltage so that it does Contact your Spectra Physics service representative for details Connecting the Laser Head Umbilical to the Power Supply Two multiconductor cables and two ground wires in a protective flexible hose comprise the umbilical that connects the laser head to the power sup ply The umbilical is permanently attached to the laser head while a metal flange anchors it to the power supply cabinet Figure 5 1 shows the power supply with the cover off and lists the connections for the laser head umbil ical 5 1 Stabilite 2017 l
100. reflections can cause severe eye or skin damage Precautions for the Safe Operation of Class IV High Power Lasers Wear protective eyewear at all times selection depends on the wave length and intensity of the radiation the conditions of use and the visual function required Protective eyewear is available from vendors listed in the Laser Focus World Lasers and Optronics and Photonics Spectra buyer s guides Consult the ANSI ACGIH or OSHA standards listed at the end of this section for guidance Keep the protective cover on the laser head at all times Avoid looking at the output beam even diffuse reflections are hazard ous Operate the laser at the lowest beam intensity possible given the requirements of the application Expand the beam whenever possible to reduce beam intensity Avoid intercepting the output beam or its reflection with any part of the body Establish a controlled access area for laser operation Limit access to those trained in laser safety principles Maintain a high ambient light level in the laser operation area so the eye s pupil remains constricted reducing the possibility of damage Post prominent warning signs near the laser operation area Figure 2 1 Set up experiments so the laser beam is either above or below eye level Provide enclosures for beam paths whenever possible Set up shields to prevent unnecessary specular reflections Set up an energy absorbing target to capture the laser beam
101. rence between the rates of emission and absorption at that frequency It can be shown that the rate of excitation from E to E is proportional to both the number of atoms in the lower level N and the transition probability Similarly the rate of stimulated emission is proportional to the population of the upper level N and the transition probability Moreover the transition probabil ity depends on the flux of the incident wave and a characteristic of the tran sition called its cross section It can also be shown that the transition cross section is the same regardless of direction Therefore the absorption coefficient depends only on the difference between the populations involved N and N and the flux of the incident wave When a material is at thermal equilibrium a Boltzmann distribution of its atoms over the array of available energy levels exists with nearly all atoms Laser Description in the ground state Since the rate of absorption of all frequencies exceeds that of emission the absorption coefficient at any frequency is positive If enough light of frequency v is supplied the populations can be shifted until N N Under these conditions the rates of absorption and stimu lated emission are equal and the absorption coefficient at frequency v is zero If the transition scheme is limited to two energy levels it is impossi ble to drive the populations involved beyond equality that is N can never exceed N becau
102. reuse Un ray unsictbarer Laserstrahl radiacion laser visible e zichtbare en onzichtbare 3 onnement laser visible et ung Bestrahlung ver invisible evite la exposi laserstraling geemiteerd invisible est emis par cette meiden cion Vermijd blootstelling ouverture Danger Attention Rayonnement Gefahr Austritt von sicht Peligro al abrir y retirar el Gevaar Zichtbare en Defeatable Laser visible et invisible en barer und unsichtbarer dispositivo de seguridad onzichtbare laserstraling Interlock cas D Ouverture et lor Laserstrahlung wenn exist radiaci n laser visible wanneer geopend en inter 4 sque la securite est neutra Abdeckung ge ffnet und e invisible evite que los lock uitgeschakeld Vermijd lisse exposition SicherheitsverschluB ber ojos o la piel queden blootstelling van oog of dangereuse de l ceil ou de br ckt Bestrahlung von expuestos tanto a la radi huid aan directe straling of la peau au rayonnement Auge oder Haut durch aci n dircta como a la dis terugkaatsingen daarvan dirct ou diffus direkte oder Streustrahlung persa vermeiden Bedienungsan leitung beachten Danger Attention Rayonnement Vorsicht beim Offnen Aus Peligro Cuando se abre Gevaar zichtbare en niet Non Laser Visible et Invisible en tritt von sichtbare und existe Radiacion Laser zichtbare laser straling Interlocked Cas D Ouverture Exposi unsichtbare Laserstrahl Visible e Invisible Evite wanneer geoend vermijd 5 tion Engereuse de l
103. rols indicators and connectors To familiarize yourself with your laser system and to prevent errors in installation alignment or operation read this sec tion prior to performing any of these Safety Accessory Output Emission ltracavity Aperture Auto fill Interlock Holder Coupler Indicator Shutter Lever PC Board Key and Switch Holder Cavity Seal Figure 4 1 Laser Head Interior Output End Safety interlock switch and key disables the interlock switch Figure 4 1 to allow the laser to lase when the cover is removed To disable the switch place the key in the slot and turn it 90 clockwise to lock it in place To remove it do just the opposite When the key is in place it stands up and prevents the cover from being installed When not being used the key is stored in a clip located near the interlock switch Accessory holder provides means of attachment for various accessories including lenses fiber optic connectors etc 4 1 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Output coupler OC is one of two intracavity mirrors and it is located at the output end of the laser Whereas the high reflector at the other end of the laser reflects all light back into the cavity the output coupler allows part of the intracavity beam to escape as the laser beam The OC is held in a cup shaped retainer at the end of a bayonet type holder Figure 4 1 Turn ing the holder counterclockwise 30 disengages the holder from the output mirror pla
104. rt 15 75 eV a lonizing Transition 3p6 Ar Ground a b Figure 3 2 A typical four level laser transition scheme a compared to that of visible argon b One electron collision ionizes neutral argon and a second pumps the ion to an excited state 3 3 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser A four level scheme has a distinct advantage over three level systems where E is both the origin of the pumping transition and the terminus of the lasing transition In the four level arrangement the first atom that is pumped contributes to the population inversion while over half of the atoms must be pumped from E before an inversion is established in the three level system In commercial laser designs the source of excitation energy is usually opti cal or electrical arc lamps are often employed to pump solid state lasers the output of one laser can be used to pump another e g a liquid dye laser is often pumped by an ion laser and more recently a diode laser is used to pump a solid state laser and an electric discharge is generally used to excite a gaseous media like argon or krypton Argon as an Excitation Medium The properties of argon are probably the best understood of all the ionized gas laser media Its transition scheme is similar to the model in Figure 3 2 b and its visible energy level diagram is depicted in Figure 3 3 The neutral atom is pumped to the 4p energy level the origin of the lasing transition by two collisions wit
105. s of terminals use various types of connectors for an RS 232 interface Some use pins others use sockets In all cases not all 25 pins are wired for use Refer to the terminal manual to be sure which port is to be used to connect to the Model 2550 2 Push the connectors in until they seat then tighten the screws 2 ea until they are just tight enough to keep the cable from pulling loose IEEE 488 Interface Many computers and engineering test and measurement equipment from vendors such as Hewlett Packard Keithly and Fluke incorporate the IEEE 488 parallel bus into their products This allows the computer to be used as automated controllers for operating the test equipment and to provide a data logging function This makes the job of running and monitoring otherwise tedious tests easier for the manufacturing or test engineer Because of its popularity this bus is provided as an alternative control interface on the CI The IEEE 488 connector is a 24 pin polarized shell with metric fasteners Up to 32 IEEE 488 compatible devices can be daisy chained together in either a serial or star network with one master controller and various talk ers and listeners for drivers monitors and measuring devices Refer to Chapter 7 The Model 2680 Computer Interface IEEE 488 Interface for a description of the interface and the CI commands for information on how to set the dip switches on the CI and for information on programming the de
106. se every upward transition is matched by one in the oppo site direction However if three or more energy levels are employed and if their relation ship satisfies certain requirements described below additional excitation can create a population inversion in which N gt Nj A model four level laser transition scheme is depicted in Figure 3 2 a A photon of frequency v excites or pumps an atom from E to E If the E to E transition probability is greater than that of E to E and if E is unstable the atom will decay almost immediately to E If E is metastable 1 e atoms that occupy it have a relatively long lifetime the population will grow rapidly as excited atoms cascade from above The E atom will even tually decay to E emitting a photon of frequency v Finally if E is unsta ble its atoms will rapidly return to the ground state E keeping the population of E small and reducing the rate of absorption of v In this way the population of E is kept large and that of E remains low thus establish ing a population inversion between E and E Under these conditions the absorption coefficient at v becomes negative Light is amplified as it passes through the material which is now called an active medium the greater the population inversion the greater the gain E4 E A Es 4p Visible Visible P i umping naa Laser Transition rasition Trasition Eo 4s E41 al 3p5 A
107. sing clean lint free finger cots or powder free latex gloves hold onto the cup and pull the optic out by its edges It fits snugly into the cup but will slide out easily can damage the spring Hold onto the cup Also optics are fragile and Warning y Do not hold onto the holder assembly as you remove the optic you can be damaged if dropped Work over a clean dust free soft surface b Place the mirror into its protective case c Insert a new mirror into the holder so that the arrow on the barrel points into the laser cavity A Spectra Physics part number and an arrow appear on the barrel of each mirror The arrow points to the coated or intracavity side Mirrors available from Spectra Physics are listed in Chapter 9 Service and Repair Replacement Parts 5 Install the mirror holder Insert the holder into the mirror plate and turn it clockwise until the bayonet aligns and the holder goes into the mirror plate then turn it another 30 to snap it into its seat If you are installing the prism at this time refer below to Interchang ing the Broadband Mirror Holder and Prism Assembly 6 If you replaced the output coupler install the accessory mount and escutcheon 6 4 Operation Interchanging the Broadband Mirror Holder and Prism Assembly Warning Optics are fragile and can be damaged if dropped Work over a clean dust free soft surface The Stabilite 2017 comes equipped with a se
108. ss sss sss kekakak aaa 9 1 Electronic Repair soss seso dem etan Bee a ne ea i dae oa a Bee XA 9 1 Replacement Pants sss sss nla uua ead pa IN po A rd ana e Re AN 9 2 Troubleshooting sun eto a LA A BAA MEAL LAMPA A VAL ea dk ZAS 9 2 Chapter 10 Customer Service s sssststnauas 10 1 UE EE Tr Tq e De o TTT TTT be S ecce pitt d oeste um ds Be 10 1 Return of the Instrument for Repair e mh 10 2 service Centers roe xac e dines eed a Dae iG iau NO hu US NU Re DE Dd date 10 3 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser List of Figures Figure 1 1 The Stabilite 2017 Laser System tenes 1 1 Figure 2 1 These CE and CDRH standard safety warning labels would be appropriate for use as entry warning signs EN 60825 1 ANSI 4 3 10 1 2 2 Figure 2 2 Folded Metal Beam Target 0 0 cc eee eee eee 2 2 Figure 2 3 Laser Head Safety Interlock Key Intracavity Shutter and Emission Indicator 2 4 Figure 2 4 Model 2670 Controller Emission Indicator liliis 2 5 Figure 2 5 Power Supply Safety Interlock Switch LLL seres 2 6 Figure 2 6 The AUXINTLKconnector ssssssssssesssssossos 2 7 Figure 2 7 A portion of the intracavity beam is reflected upward from each face of the prism 2 7 Figure 2 8 CE CDRH Radiation Control Drawing ss sssssssssssss 2 8 Figure 2 9
109. sun a e ee ei Lea eine d debe Geo a ee apa 7 11 Operation uno ean cmt ON ema A ASN i cct AN um us cime dat Ed NA 7 11 Data Transfer and Handshaking sssssssssessssesssvo 7 12 SW4DIP Switch Setting s1 senses cane ek neo x me EX DR RR Re dle kt 7 12 SW3 DIP Switch Setting rip Sadia ai iR a ned deeper e dede co Fa Ra o A 7 18 Message Formas ia ed o ASS R deci ei a AA AAA A 7 13 Command Format sss asa naa peb ur dee RA RS AA ae pesa 7 13 Response Format esses E PR LNA lo EU A elg MIR ER EUR ba ein Bia 7 14 Programming Example 0 0 ce e hh rh 7 15 Chapter 8 Maintenance c l IER ne lys RE e oe eeskans 8 1 Notes on the Cleaning of Laser Optics serakan kaka kaka 8 1 Cleaning Optics s dc re t Re e D ee ahah ered eae M RR EK apenas 8 2 Equipment Bequil d sas asi AN A pakas a be Hehe bathe l akt ee y ree Ori 8 2 Cleaning Solutions Required 0 0 ccc eee 8 2 Cleaning Mirrors a a dex Aika sei Saws ee eda eden hod qan DeL any Gee nant 8 3 Cleaning the Prism Assembly sss rn 8 4 Cleaning Plasma Tube Windows ss rs 8 6 Replacing the Water Filler Ll RR RII IIR en 8 8 Cleaning the Power Supply Water Filter l sl III 8 9 Chapter 9 Service and Repair s s sststsssss 9 1 Vertical Search Alignment Procedure s sss s
110. t the CI keeps these lines high at all times thus it is always ready to receive commands from the RS 232 controller SW DIP Switch Setting 7 12 Both the CI and the RS 232 controller must be configured to send and receive data at the same rate Remove the cover to the power supply 14 screws to expose the CI Figure 5 1 Positions five through eight of DIP switch SW refer to Figure 7 3 and Table 7 7 set the bit transmission baud rate for the CI Match the controller baud rate to the chosen CI rate The factory setting for the CI is 4800 baud Table 7 7 SW Baud Rate Settings Switch Switch Position Number 5 Off Off Off Off Off Off Off Off On 6 Off Off Off Off On On On On Off 7 Off Off On On Off Off On On Off 8 Off On Off On Off On Off On Off Baud Rate 75 100 150 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 There are also three data format settings on the two communications devices that must match character length parity and stop bit s see Table 7 8 SW also sets these parameters The factory setting is eight bit charac ter length parity disabled odd even is ignored and two stop bits Table 7 8 SW Mode Select Settings Switch Switch Condition Switch Condition Position Position Position 1 Off Parity Disabled On Parity Enabled 2 Off Odd Parity On Even Parity 3 Off One Stop Bit On Two Stops Bits 4 Off Seven Bits per On Eight Bits per Character Character Model 2680 Computer Interface SW DIP Switch S
111. t of mirrors designed for opti mum performance within the wavelength range specified at the time of pur chase Additional sets of optics can be obtained from Spectra Physics For part numbers refer to Chapter 9 Service and Repair Replacement Parts Be sure the laser is warmed up and stable before proceeding 1 Adjust the high reflector vertically and horizontally for maximum broadband power if the high reflector is installed or for highest power at 488 nm for argon or 647 nm for krypton if the prism is installed 2 Remove the high reflector assembly If necessary refer to Removing Replacing the Mirrors earlier in this chapter for instructions on removing and installing mirror holders In order to protect the mirror or prism from dust and contamination keep the it covered or place it in its container when it is not being used 3 Install the new prism or mirror assembly Remove the protective cap from the assembly then install it as you would a standard mirror assembly 4 Adjust the high reflector vertically and horizontally for maximum power Because the mirror is now optimized perpendicular to the beam the assembly will now lase at the factory set interchange wavelength of 488 0 nm for argon or 647 1 nm for krypton This completes the high reflector interchange procedure Wavelength Selection Using a Prism The prism assembly contains both a prism and a flat high reflector refer to Figure 6 2 The prism
112. te and allows it to be pulled straight out of the laser To replace the mirror holder insert it back into the laser and rotate it until it goes all the way in Then turn it clockwise 30 until it clicks into place Once the holder is out of the laser the mirror can be removed by simply pulling it out of the cup When replacing the mirror note the small arrow on the barrel which points to the coated surface The coated side must always face the cavity Intracavity shutter lever moves a mechanical shutter that blocks the laser cavity beam to prevent the laser from lasing The control lever is located on top of the laser head near the aperture lever The shutter is open when the lever is in the O position and closed when in the OS position Aperture lever provide a means to control beam size and mode by intro ducing various sizes of restricting apertures into and centered on the intrac avity beam Aperture 1 has the smallest diameter aperture 10 the largest The setting marked O is not an aperture but is wide open Table 4 1 lists the aperture diameters Table 4 1 Aperture Diameters Aperture Number Diameter mm in 1 1 93 076 2 2 06 081 3 2 16 085 4 2 24 088 5 2 31 091 6 2 39 094 7 2 46 097 8 2 54 100 9 2 64 104 10 2 74 108 O 3 81 150 Cavity seal together with the dust tube they seal the cavity between the plasma tube and the mirror plate The seals 2
113. terface CI through either the IEEE 488 or RS 232 inter face or auser supplied controller connected to the power supply REMOTE connector Spectra Physics recommends using the Model 2670 controller or the optional Model 2680 computer interface for controlling the Stabilite 2017 Repair for power supply damage resulting from the use of any other controller is not covered under your warranty This section describes the start up sequence using the Model 2670 control ler This procedure is also typical of operation when using a custom control device connected to the REMOTE interface or when using a terminal or computer attached to either the IEEE 488 or RS 232 connectors of the CI The output beam of this laser is a safety and fire hazard Avoid directly viewing the beam or its reflections Avoid blocking it with clothing or parts of the body 1 Place a folded metal target see Chapter 2 Laser Safety or a power meter in the beam path and close the shutter 2 Verify power line input voltage is nominally 208 Vac between 188 and 228 Vac Extended operation near the limits of this range is not recommended 3 Verify the green yellow lead of the power cable is connected to earth ground not neutral Turn on the cooling water and verify there are no leaks 5 Setthe controller for the desired turn on conditions e MODE current or power Power RANGE 2 W or 10 W if power mode is selected 6 1 Stabilite 2017
114. than AATAS xvii System Components cepe dee arbi RE BA MEAN Ra wa RGR het Sa EE napra da xvii ACCOSSOLIY KIE sp va Ta p eR OS esi eoru vd ae bk bad gaude aee dole LA xvii Chapter 1 Introduction ies sis Rx rx eee des KRI EA NNR eee ee eae ws 1 1 The Stabilite 2017 System 0 hr 1 1 Th Laser Head esee eve e REED eet bes qe ere cached ponte Dl 1 1 The Model 2550 Power Supply 00 cece eee eee eee 1 2 The Model 2670 Controller 0 0 0 00 cee eee 1 2 ACCESSORY KIE sa os Sees Mo e d A aL Po D Soke a teo Me EA a 1 2 System Options ai un ON nx KUNG EA RENA ANE PALA SE RIEN VOKA Ao 1 3 The Model 2680 Computer Interface sssssssessstescoo 1 3 Extender Feet cess kb ken EUR b us Se XA eae ele aes tA 1 3 PALMS ZM iA SOL ta a E So ec LA Ese o E A A EE A Me 1 3 Chapter 2 Laser Safety Sun naa ka RARE TA EH WR ARA RA PARA C 2 1 Precautions for the Safe Operation of Class IV High Power Lasers 2 1 Maintenance Necessary to Keep this Laser Product in Compliance with Center for Devices and Radiological Health CDRH Regulations 2 3 CDRH Requirements for a Custom Controller or for Operation with the Model 2180 Computer Interface liliis ren 2 4 Safety Devices s su subustekai stie eli petus ele whee LPs BLESS pidis akalo ved 2 4 Emission Indicator 3 355 sens erus konus akra l Bh DEA er eR ENG ka Ms 2 4 SafetylInterlockKeyswitch
115. the frequency of the photon Light is used to describe the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from far infrared to ultraviolet 3 1 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Figure 3 1 Electrons occupy distinct orbitals that are defined by the probability of finding an electron at a given position the shape of the orbital being determined by the radial and angular dependence of the probability Likewise when an atom excited to E decays to E it loses energy equal to E E Because its tendency is toward the lower energy state the atom may decay spontaneously emitting a photon with energy hv and frequency LEVE h y 2 Spontaneous decay can also occur without emission of a photon the lost energy taking another form e g transfer of kinetic energy by collision with another atom An atom excited to E can also be stimulated to decay to E by interacting with a photon of frequency v shed ding energy in the form of a pair of photons that are identical to the incident one in phase fre quency and direction By contrast spontaneous emission produces photons that have no directional or phase relationship with one another A laser is designed to take advantage of absorption and both spontaneous and stimulated emission phenomena using them to create conditions favor able to light amplification The following paragraphs describe these condi tions Population Inversion The absorption coefficient at a given frequency is the diffe
116. the pins 17 buffered 5 V REF and 37 control common a When the 10 W power range is selected pin 5 pulled low the input selects from 0 to 10 W at 2 W V b When the 2 W power range is selected pin 5 inactive the input selects from 0 to 2 W at 0 4 W V Inputs exceeding the minimum and maximum current limits of the power supply will be clipped 37 Control Common Input Return for set point inputs pin 18 modulation pin 19 current con trol and pin 36 power control The laser is turned off automatically when this or any other system interlock is open an open system interlock is indi cated when pin 9 10 11 12 or 13 of the REMOTE interface connector is inactive Once an open interlock has caused the laser to turn off the laser will remain off even after the interlock is closed again The laser may be restarted by a opening the key interlock removing the jumper between pins 24 and 25 for 15 sec then closing it again or b turning off and on the circuit breaker in the main power line Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Chapter 5 Installation they are not intended as guides to the initial installation and set up of your Stabilite 2017 laser Please call your Spectra Physics service rep resentative to arrange an installation appointment which is part of your purchase agreement Allow only those qualified and authorized by Spectra Physics to install and set up your laser You will be charged for repair of any damage incur
117. the surface Doing so will permanently damage the prism d Repeatthis process with a fresh tissue on the second prism surface A clean prism surface will scatter little or no light when the laser is operating Screw the protective cover back over the prism assembly Install the prism assembly in the laser Adjust the high reflector vertically and horizontally for maximum optical output power Danger If the prism assembly is installed with its cover off a portion of the int racavity beam is reflected upward from each face of the prism see Fig ure 8 4 Avoid eye contact with these beams This completes this procedure 8 5 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser Reflected 1 Intracavity Beam Mirror Prism Figure 8 4 A portion of the intracavity beam is reflected upward from each face of the prism Cleaning Plasma Tube Windows meet specified power after it has been properly aligned and the intracav Caution m Plasma tube windows should be cleaned only when the laser fails to ity mirrors have been cleaned Danger The following procedure requires removal of the laser head cover and N YW defeating its safety interlock Because high voltage is normally present adjacent to the plasma tube windows and because dangerous uninter Danger rupted laser radiation is accessible when the cavity seals are pulled back Aya turn off power to the laser and close the intracavity shutter when clean ing windows Fail
118. tronic product radiation except laser radiation emitted by a laser product as a result of or necessary for the operation of a laser incorporated into that product Laser Safety Maintenance Necessary to Keep this Laser Product in Compliance with Center for Devices and Radiological Health CDRH Regulations This laser product complies with Title 21 of the United States Code of Fed eral Regulations Chapter 1 Subchapter J Parts 1040 10 and 1040 11 as applicable To maintain compliance with these regulations once a year or whenever the product has been subjected to adverse environmental condi tions e g fire flood mechanical shock spilled solvent check to see that all features of the product identified on the radiation control drawing Fig ure 2 8 function properly Also make sure that all the safety warning labels shown in Figure 2 9 remain firmly attached 1 Verify that removing the auxiliary interlock plug on the power supply prevents laser operation 2 Verify that the laser will only operate with the key switch in the ON position and that the key can only be removed when the switch is in the OFF position 3 Verify that the emission indicator provides a visible signal when the laser emits accessible laser radiation that exceeds the accessible emis sion limits for Class I 4 Verify that a time delay exists between the turn on of the emission indicator and the starting of the laser it must give enough warning to a
119. tube To this end and to keep the power supply compact cost effective and efficient Spectra Physics switched resistor technology is used for its regulator and passbank An EMI filter is placed between the supply and the utility power source to minimize the conduction of electrical noise to the utility line Such noise can interfere with other sensitive electronic devices also on that line This Laser Description filter is required for compliance with FCC Class A and VDE 0871A con ducted emissions standards The Model 2670 Controller This small control module provides convenient control of the laser system and connects to an analog TTL interface on the power supply A user sup plied controller can also operate the system through this interface Note however that repair for power supply damage resulting from the use of a control device other the Model 2670 controller or the optional Model 2680 computer interface is not covered under your warranty Stabilite 2017 Specifications Table 3 1 Argon Output Power A nm Model 2017 AR Multiline W 333 6 363 8 0 100 457 9 514 5 6 0 Single Line W 514 5 2 00 501 7 0 30 496 5 0 60 488 0 1 50 476 5 0 45 472 7 0 17 465 8 0 12 457 9 0 20 454 5 0 10 Table 3 2 Krypton Output Power nm Model 2017 KR Multiline W 647 1 676 4 0 60 Single Line W 676 4 0 12 647 1 0 50 Specifications subject to change without notice Sing
120. uch gain as argon transitions and are generally less powerful Krypton lasers exhibit emission across a broader visible spectrum than do argon lasers and are often attractive for this reason The primary wavelength from a krypton laser is the strong red line at 647 1 nm although there are other significant lines in the blue green yellow red and near infrared ir regions Krypton lasers are nomi nally referred to by the optical output power of the 647 1 nm line The Resonant Optical Cavity A resonant cavity defined by two mirrors provides feedback to the active medium Photons emitted parallel to the cavity axis are reflected returning to interact with other excited ions Stimulated emission produces two pho tons of equal energy phase and direction from each interaction The two become four four become eight and the numbers continue to increase geo metrically until an equilibrium between excitation and emission is reached Both mirrors are coated to reflect the wavelength or wavelengths of inter est while transmitting all others One of the mirrors the output coupler transmits a fraction of the energy stored within the cavity and the escaping radiation becomes the output beam of the laser 3 5 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser For broadband or all lines operation the mirrors reflect a number of lines within a limited wavelength range about 70 nm maximum Adding a prism to the cavity limits oscillation to a single line
121. ucleus with one or more electrons bound to it Each electron occupies a distinct orbital that represents the probability of finding the electron at a given position relative to the nucleus Each orbital has a characteristic shape that is defined by the radial and angular dependence of that probability e g all s orbitals are spherically symmetrical and all p orbitals surround the x y and z axes of the nucleus in a double lobed configuration Figure 3 1 The energy of an electron is determined by the orbital that it occupies and the over all energy of an atom its energy level depends on the distribution of its electrons throughout the available orbitals Each atom has an array of energy levels the level with the lowest possible energy is called the ground state and higher energy levels are called excited states If an atom is in its ground state it will stay there until it is excited by an external source Movement from one energy level to another a transition happens when the atom either absorbs or emits energy Upward transitions can be caused by collision with a free electron or an excited atom and transitions in both directions occur as a result of interaction with a photon of light Consider a transition from a lower level whose energy content is E to a higher one with energy It will only occur if the energy of the incident photon matches the energy difference between levels i e where A is Planck s constant and v is
122. ure to do so can result in serious injury to the operator and catastrophic damage to the laser and power supply Permit only trained personnel to service your laser This is a two step procedure designed to enable you to remove even the most stubborn contaminating films If specified power can be achieved with the acetone cleaning and it usually will stop cleaning If specified power can be achieved using this process proceed with the hydrogen per oxide cleaning Once started how ever be sure to complete the entire step failure to do so may leave additional contamination on the window surface and may leave you worse off than you were originally Acetone Cleaning 1 Verify the laser is properly aligned and that the intracavity mirrors have been cleaned Set the laser for maximum optical output and note the power level 3 Turn off the laser and remove the laser head cover 4 screws Place one of the interlock defeat keys from the accessory kit into the laser head interlock 5 Expose the windows Maintenance Caution Do not touch the interior of any intracavity components with your fin n gers including the PTFE shroud around the Q M Endbells Contami nants left on these surfaces will migrate to the windows later Always wear clean finger cots or powderless latex gloves when cleaning win dows Slide the cavity seals toward the plasma tube to expose the windows 6 Clean the window Warning Be careful whe
123. ustment control on the high reflector mirror plate is needed it even allows you to 3 7 Stabilite 2017 lon Laser scan the entire single line wavelength range when the prism assembly is installed The coarse adjustments on both mirror plates are locked at the factory after the plasma tube has been aligned The plasma tube features metal ceramic construction clean room manufac turing and Q M Endbells These features result in a rugged reliable high performance plasma tube Tungsten disks are used in the plasma tube to confine the plasma discharge and copper webs link the disks to a ceramic envelope The webs transfer heat from the disks to the envelope where the heat dissipates into the cool ing water The bore elements are made of tungsten because of tungsten s high melting point and resistance to sputtering under high current densities These properties minimize erosion of bore elements which is necessary to keep beam diameter mode quality and output power constant over the life time of the tube In order to create plasma tubes that are free of internal contamination Spectra Physics manufactures them in Class 100 clean rooms All tubes are evacuated at high temperatures to drive out residual contaminants Residual gas analysis monitors plasma tubes during processing to ensure cleanliness A scanning electron microscope energy dispersive spectrometer is used to check parts and processes for contamination Such monitoring prov
124. vice Refer to your computer manual or to your third party IEEE 488 con troller manual for information on how to use their IEEE 488 interface prod uct 1 Connect the IEEE 488 parallel cable supplied by your computer or controller vendor between the IEEE 488 connector on the power sup ply and the IEEE 488 connector on the back of your computer termi nal or controller Unlike the RS 232 interface the IEEE 488 cable is standardized there are no wires to modify Simply buy a cable from your IEEE 488 vendor and plug it in 2 Push the connectors in until they seat then tighten the screws 2 ea until they are just tight enough to keep the cable from pulling loose Remember the screws are metric and will not screw into a similar but non IEEE 488 compatible connector Installation Water Connections Cooling Water Requirements Refer to Table 5 1 for flow pressure and thermal ratings and for require ments for water quality The diameter of the incoming water service line should be at least 16 mm s in All hose connections are U S garden hose variety Table 5 1 Stabilite 2017 Cooling Water Requirements Flow Rate min 8 4 l min 2 2 gal min Inlet Temperature max 35 C 95 F Differential Pressure min 172 kPa 25 psi Inlet Pressure max 690 kPa 100 psi Hardness max 100 ppm calcium pH Level 7 0 to 8 5 Particulate Size max 200 um dia Heat Load 15 kW 850 Btu min Defined as the differ

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