PM100/300
Contents
1. www voltech com PM100 300 POWER ANALYZERS USER MANUAL Thank you for choosing to use this Voltech Power Analyzer Should you experience any difficulty during the set up or use of any Voltech product or are unsure of any of their features or abilities please do not hesitate to contact either your local supplier or one of our Voltech offices Voltech Instruments Inc 11637 Kelly Road Suite 306 Fort Myers FL 33908 U S A Tel 239 437 0494 Fax 239 437 3841 sales voltech com Voltech Instruments Ltd 148 Harwell Int l Business Centre Abingdon OX11 ORA U K Tel 44 0 1235 834555 Fax 44 0 1235 835016 sales voltech co uk WARRANTY This product is warranted against defect in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment During the warranty period Voltech will at its option either repair or replace products which prove to be defective For repair services under warranty the instrument must be returned to a service centre designated by Voltech Please contact your local supplier for details Limitation of Warranty The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from unauthorised modification or misuse or operation outside specification of instrument No other warranty is expressed or implied Whilst every care has been taken in compiling the information in this publication Voltech cannot accept legal liability for any inaccuracies contained herein Volte2. Accuracy 20kHz to 500 kHz Amplitude better than 1 Phase current output better than 1 Phase voltage output better than 35 Please contact Voltech for details of the accessories and applications currently available VPN 98 052 PAGE 29 SPECIFICATION PM100 300 USER MANUAL RACK MOUNTING DETAILS FOR THE PM100 AND PM300 IMPORTANT Detail applies to PM100 PM300 manufactured from late 2001 onwards Earlier models have a case which is split along its sides and different drilling details apply Reguest an issue 4 manual Front gt Remove feet A 4 holes M3 thread Screw length 10mm Max 174mm G 164 6mm Drill rack tray with 4mm clearance holes Assemble using M3x10mm pan head screws and washers Do not overtighten Two analyzers may be fitted side by side on one tray Suitable shelves are 400mm deep Imrak 19 Cantilever shelves Part Number 802 562285B or similar PAGE 30 VPN 98 052 PM100 300 USER MANUAL EMC COMPLIANCE SECTION 7 EMC COMPLIANCE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY Manufacturer s Name Manufacturer s Address declares that the product Product Name Model Number Voltech Instruments Ltd 65 Milton Park Abingdon Oxon United Kingdom Power Analyzer PM100 conforms to the following Product Specifications Safety EMC Supplementary Information BS EN 61010 1993 BS EN 55022 1995 Class A BS EN 50082 2 1992 The product
3. The PM100 and the PM300 may be susceptible to Fast Electrical Transients on the power line and Electrostatic Discharges which can disrupt the operation of the units In the event of such an occurrence to return the PM100 or PM300 to normal operation 1 Switch off the power 2 Wait 5 seconds 3 Switch on again VPN 98 052 PAGE 33 EMC COMPLIANCE PM100 300 UsER MANUAL PAGE 34 VPN 98 052
4. rdg 3 0 rng 50mA 5Hz to 50kHz 0 2 rdg 1kHz to 20kHz for the PM300 in three phase three wire and three phase four wire modes PAGE 26 VPN 98 052 PM100 300 UsER MANUAL SPECIFICATION 0 to 50 5Hz to 50kHz 10Hz to 250kHz 0 1 rdg 0 1 mg 10mV 0 1 kHz 0 2 rdg 0 1 mg 1mA 0 2 kHz 0 2 0 1 kHz of fundamental 0 to 999 0 4 rdg 0 1 kHz 1min to 99hrs 59mins 0 to 40 C 20 to 60 C Designed to comply with EN61010 1 Pollution Degree 2 Installation Category II Harmonics Range Bandwidth Fundamental Harmonics Accuracy Fundamental Volts Amps Harmonics THD Range Accuracy Integrator Range Environment Operating Shipping Safety Power Source 110V 230V Freguency MAX VA Fuse Type 8 Rating Dielectric Strength Input Case Input Power Srce Power Srce Case 90V to 132V 195V to 265V 48Hz to 65Hz 25VA 315mAT 4kV AC 50 60 Hz for 1 minute 4kV AC 50 60 Hz for 1 minute 1 9kV DC for 1 minute 5Hz to 20kHz for the PM300 in three phase three wire and three phase four wire modes VPN 98 052 PAGE 27 SPECIFICATION PM100 300 USER MANUAL PAGE 28 VPN 98 052 PM100 300 UsER MANUAL SPECIFICATION SECTION 6 ACCESSORIES AVAILABLE FOR THE PM100 AND PM300 A number of interfaces have been designed for use with the PM100 and PM300 power analyzers IEEE488 2 Interface Full implementation of the IEEE488 2 bus communication standard using the latest National Inst
5. E g some DC coupled current transformers The proportional voltage is applied between the EXT and LO terminals Example 1 10 Amp 100m V A EXT O10 LO Current Scaling 100mV A The scale factor is entered directly in mV A A twisted pair connection is recommended to minimize noise pick up PAGE 11 THE MENU SYSTEM PM100 300 UsER MANUAL Voltage Scaling and Current Scaling For use with voltage transformers dividers and current transformers Connect to the V HI and LO terminals for voltage probes and to the A HI and LO terminals for current probes V I 10Amp 100mV A EXT A V 1V ae SS AC a EO Current Scaling 100mV A Note When using 1000 1 CT as in the above example enter 1000 as the current scaling Manual Ranging PM100 Only By default the analyzers are fully auto ranging This is the ideal setting for most applications since the analyzers will then always be operating on the optimum range No settings are reguired by the user in this case In measurement applications where there are transients or bursts of signals then data may be lost due to the time taken by the analyzer to perform the automatic range selection In this case the auto ranging may be switched off and a manual range selected The PM100 has 8 current and 8 voltage ranges as described below To set a manual range simply select Y f
6. both the voltage and current channels for frequency and this is the ideal method for most measurement applications It is not usually necessary to adjust this setting In measurement applications where there are transients or bursts of signals then the analyzer may lose frequency synchronization momentarily The green led will not be lit and the measurements may be unstable To correct this problem choose a fixed frequency source Y If the voltage is always present and stable choose Volts If the current is always present and stable choose Amps Special operating modes of the analyzer Note To exit the mode you are in and return to default set up press the PROG key VPN 98 052 Inrush Current The analyzer continuously monitors the current channels and displays the largest peak current observed Only the lt and gt keys operate to reset the display Auto ranging is disabled in this mode so the expected peak value must be entered If in doubt enter 200 Amps when prompted and then reduce this value to improve resolution and accuracy CURRENT OVERRANGBE is displayed if the selected peak value is exceeded Press PROG to deselect Inrush Current mode to make other measurements Integration Time This is the time that the integrator will run for See the INTG key Ballast Mode The output of electronic and some ultrasonic equipment consists of a high frequency waveform heavily modulated at th
7. enter the current value which is voltmeter reading shunt resistance The next option in the calibration menu system is CALIBRATE EXT For the external current ranges XR5 to XR8 connect as shown on page 16 for external shunt calibration and enter voltage values The last menu in the calibration options is SAVE CALIBRATION gt x lt y Select gt V lt and press 1 to store the new calibration constraints Note Any stage of the calibration may be omitted New calibration constants will only be used where they are entered Entering 0 for any value causes the previously stored calibration to be used for that range VPN 98 052 PM100 300 USER MANUAL SPECIFICATION SECTION 5 SPECIFICATION AT 23 C 5 C 30 MINUTES WARM UP Voltage Ranges auto ranging Accuracy Crest Factor Max input Input Impedance Effects of Common Mode Voltage Impedance to ground Current Ranges auto ranging Accuracy excluding Neutral Crest Factor Max input Input Impedance Effects of Common Mode Voltage EXT SHUNT Range Eguivalence Accuracy Max input Input Impedance Impedance to ground 5Hz to 1kHz 1kHz to 50kHz DC Continuous 1 sec 500Vrms 120Hz 100Vrms 10kHz 5Hz to 1kHz 1kHz to 50kHz DC Continuous 1 sec 500Vrms 120Hz 100Vrms 10kHz 12 5mV A 5Hz to 50kHz Continuous 2Vrms to 1000V pk in 8 ranges 7 5 15 30 60 120 240 480 1000 Vpk 0 1 reading 0 1 range 10
8. purchase from your supplier Contact your supplier for details Any attempt to disassemble or modify the unit will render any warranty agreement invalid The contents of this guide are believed to be accurate at the time of printing The manufacturers however reserve the right to change the content product specification and performance criteria without notice No liability 15 accepted for the inappropriate negligent or incorrect set up of the instrument by the user either by manual or automated means CHECK YOUR LINE INPUT VOLTAGE SETTING BEFORE CONNECTING TO SUPPLY Read line input voltage setting here Pull out the fuse drawer and rotate the grey fuse holder to change the setting VPN 98 052 1 HEALTH AND SAFETY PM100 300 USER MANUAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS The PM100 and PM300 power analyzers have been constructed in compliance with the requirements of EN61010 1 Pollution Degree 2 Installation Category II FOR INDOOR USE ONLY This ensures the safety of the meter and the user when normal precautions are followed WARNING The analyzer MUST be earthed The power source should be inserted in a socket with a protective ground contact The power source should be inserted before connections are made to measuring or control circuits Do not attempt to remove outer cover without first disconnecting auxiliary and test power supply This instrument must only be serviced by qualified pers
9. EXAMPLE LOW POWER STANDBY MEASUREMENTS An ac power supply is equipped with a low power standby mode In this mode current is drawn from the supply in bursts that occur every 300ms or so The waveform is shown below Current mA 800 400 0 Time 2 4 seconds 400 800 A measurement of the average input power is required to check the rating of the power supply With default settings the PM100 makes measurements at high speed and updates the display approximately every 2 second With the waveform above the measure ments are not stable and the analyzer pauses while it auto ranges in between readings To make stable average measurements follow this procedure 1 Measure the peak current In normal power on mode press the A key and then the PEAK key Amps peak will be displayed In this example the maximum reading was approximately 750mA 2 Set up a fixed current range Press MENU 1 and then 7 until you see MANUAL A RANGE x gt lt and then enter the nominal peak current ignoring the sign PEAK CURRENT gt 0 750 lt 3 Now set up long averaging in MENU 2 LONG AVERAGING x VPN 98 052 PAGE 19 THE MENU SYSTEM PM100 300 UsER MANUAL The averaging time should include several cycles of operation of the equipment In this case the power supply current seems to vary over a 2 second period Choose 20 seconds for the averaging time This can
10. NTER PASSWORD gt 0 lt Enter the password using the number keys the factory default is gt 3000 lt and then press The next display will show CHANGE PASSWORD gt x lt y Press to continue without changing the password To change the password select gt V lt using the gt key and press 4 The display will then show ENTER PASSWORD gt 0 lt Enter the new password using the number keys and then press 4 The display will now show CALIBRATE VOLTS gt X lt y Select gt V lt and press J For each of the seven ranges per channel VR1 to VR8 set up approximately the required voltage using the equipment connected as shown on page 15 for voltage calibration Enter the voltmeter reading into the PM100 or PM300 and press 1 Use gt and lt to delete incorrect entries The display will show CALIBRATION BUSY for a short time followed by PAGE 23 CALIBRATION PAGE 24 PM100 300 UsER MANUAL CALIBRATION PASS to continue or CALIBRATION FAIL If FAIL is displayed press lt to retry To skip a range press 1 when the display shows gt 0 lt When PASS is displayed press and the display will show CALIBRATE AMPS gt x lt y To calibrate amps select gt V lt and press 4 The process is similar to the calibrate volts procedure for the current ranges to AR8 Connect the equipment as shown on page 15 for internal shunt calibration and
11. as a sign to denote leading or lagging current and the convention used is shown below 0 90 180 270 360 W PF f Var f 2 For Watts or indicates the direction of the power flow For PF f indicates that I leads V Capacitive For Var f indicates an inductive load The sign used to indicate fundamental power factor may be reversed in menu 4 For example Press MENU SELECT MENU M 0 Outputs Press 4 or gt until you see the following display SELECT MENU M 4 Key Options Press 4 PF LEADING gt lt Press lt and gt to make your selection PF LEADING gt lt Press 1 to move to the next item in the menu system or press MENU to exit the menu system and return to the measurement display VPN 98 052 PM100 300 USER MANUAL GETTING STARTED VPN 98 052 Four further types of measurement are available These are associated with only specific basic measurements Attempting to show VA PEAK for example will result in a parameter error Peak value of the waveform V pk A pk Display of crest factor may be selected in menu 4 Select V cf A cf by using the V and A keys in PEAK mode Press PEAK again to cancel Press MENU SELECT MENU M 0 Outputs Press 4 or gt until you see the following display SELECT MENU M 4 Key Options Press 1 until you see the following display PEAK gt pk lt cf Press lt and gt to mak
12. available for your power analyzer PM100 and PM300 power analyzers are ideal for making accurate measurements on most electrical and electronic equipment Measurements on pulsewidth modulated motor drives present special problems however and we recommend the use of special PWM Mode on other Voltech analyzers for this application All PM100 and PM300 power analyzers are supplied with a power lead and the line voltage selector switch and menu language suitable for use in their intended destination country Please check the line voltage setting on the IEC line socket at the back of the power analyzer CHANGING THE LANGUAGE Press MENU SELECT MENU M 0 Outputs Press 6 or gt until you see the following display SELECT MENU M 6 Language Press 4 ENGLISH gt V lt Press lt ENGLISH gt x lt Press 1 to move to the next item in the menu system or press MENU to exit the menu system and return to the measurement display The menu will now be displayed in the alternative language available in your power analyzer VPN 98 052 PAGE 1 GETTING STARTED PM100 300 USER MANUAL ADJUSTING THE LCD DISPLAY CONTRAST Switch the analyzer ON Before pressing any other keys press and hold the lt or gt key to adjust the display contrast to suit your angle of view The lt key will darken the display and the gt will make it lighter CONNECTING THE ANALYZER Connect the analyzer as shown below Direct connect
13. be increased later if the measurements are not stable AVERAGING TIME gt 20 0 lt 4 Disable blanking Small signals typically less than 10 of range are not displayed by the analyzer This is normal for auto ranging instruments When the analyzer 15 manually ranged the display blanking should be disabled so that small signals are measured properly In MENU 2 DISABLE BLANKING x gt lt 5 Press MENU again and the analyzer will now begin to make measurements The red PROG led will flash to indicate that the PM100 is in long averaging mode The display update rate will vary with the averaging time but the analyzer is making continuous measurements and averaging them together All measurements including harmonics are available Notes 1 For improved accuracy for currents less than 10mA use an external shunt or transducer See www voltech com for a technical note 11 If you see the message CURRENT OVERLOAD re measure the peak current and adjust the manual current range setting The analyzer will not be damaged by range overloads as long as they do not exceed the maximum ratings given in the specification iii The maximum long averaging time is 300 seconds For averaging over longer periods enable long averaging at 300 seconds and use the integrator as well PAGE 20 VPN 98 052 PM100 300 USER MANUAL CALIBRATION SECTION 4 CALIBRATION Calibration of your analyzer is valid for 12 mo
14. ch has an intensive programme of design and development which may well alter product specification and reserve the right to alter specification without notice and whenever necessary to ensure optimum performance from its product range Because software is inherently complex and may not be completely free of errors you are advised to verify your work In no event will Voltech be liable for direct indirect special incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use of or inability to use software or documentation even if advised of the possibility of such damage All rights reserved No part of this publication may be produced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without prior permission of Voltech O Copyright Voltech Instruments Ltd 1996 2004 Voltech Part Number 98 052 Issue 6 March 2004 PM100 300 UsER MANUAL HEALTH AND SAFETY HEALTH AND SAFETY Electrical devices can constitute a safety hazard It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the compliance of the installation with any local acts or bylaws in force Only qualified personnel should install this equipment after reading and understanding this users guide These operating instructions should be adhered to Ifin any doubt consult your supplier DANGER ELECTRIC SHOCK RISK Please note This equipment is supplied under warranty conditions in force at the time of
15. e line frequency To make accurate measurements the whole cycle at 50 or 60 Hz must be analyzed To do this select Ballast Mode and choose 50 or 60 Hz PAGE 13 THE MENU SYSTEM PAGE 14 PM100 300 UsER MANUAL To give the best measurement accuracy it is recommended that the Voltech Ballast CT current transformer be used where high common mode voltages are present 4 4 e A 519 Electronic Ballast Tube Harmonic Mode Harmonic Amplitude may be displayed as a percentage of fundamental or in RMS terms as desired Press MENU SELECT MENU M 0 Outputs Press gt until you see SELECT MENU 2 Modes Press 4 until you see HARMONIC MODE gt lt V A W Press lt and gt to make your selection Press to move to the next item in the menu system or press MENU to exit the menu system and return to the measurement display VPN 98 052 PM100 300 UsER MANUAL VPN 98 052 THE MENU SYSTEM Waveform Display Mode This mode displays one cycle of the input waveforms The waveforms are automatically scaled to fit the display voltage on CH1 always being the larger Since the waveforms are scaled for easy viewing they should not be used for comparative measurements The peak values of the waveform are shown alongside This mode is not available in Ballast mode Barchart Display Mode Displays bargraphs of voltage or current
16. e your selection PEAK pk gt cf lt Press 1 to move to the next item in the menu system or press MENU to exit the menu system and return to the measurement display Displays either Voltage Vhxx Current Ahxx or Power Whxx harmonics by pressing the V A or W keys Press HARM again to cancel harmonic display PM100 AHO1 2 47 0 526 015 1 160 8 1st 3rd current harmonic Amplitude of harmonics in Amps Phase of harmonic relative to VHO1 PAGE 5 GETTING STARTED PM100 300 USER MANUAL PM300 CH1 CH2 CH3 2 96 88 97 08 97 78 168 44 Vrms 121 13m 134 38m 128 47m 127 99m AHO1 Amplitude of harmonic in Amps 002 3 120 6 242 4 3 gt Phase of harmonic Use the lt and gt keys to scroll through harmonics 0 dc to 50 Harmonic amplitude can be shown as absolute values by selecting V A W in menu 2 See page 12 for example THD Total Harmonic Distortion V thd A thd The power analyzer automatically selects the most accurate method of calculation depending on the level of THD Press A or V to select A thd or V thd Press THD again to cancel THD display 2 2 THD gt 6 df M X 100 NH H3 H4 H5 H1 THD lt 6 thd X 100 See also the options in MENU 2 for how to manually select the formula that is used and how to change the harmonic reference the denominator in the equations above INTG Displays Integrat
17. ed values Ah Wh VAh VArh PF Average and fundamentals are valid The period of integration is set in menu 2 Pressing the INTG key starts integration and displays any of the integrated values during integration Pressing the INTG key again returns the display to normal mode integration continues in the background until the time set in menu 2 is reached The orange LED is lit when the integrator is running Press and HOLD the INTG key to stop integration PAGE 6 VPN 98 052 PM100 300 USER MANUAL FUNCTION KEYS SECTION 2 FUNCTION KEYS Press and HOLD this key to toggle between default Red LED off and stored settings Red LED on Enter and exit the menu system Move through menus select settings etc Clear erroneous menu data When measuring acts as a HOLD key toggle In the menu system acts as the ENTER key PM300 only Selects Channel on Display Toggles display of quantities and Neutral Amps When in 1ph 2W mode pressing the DISP key sequences through measurements on all 3 channels In this mode all 3 channels are operating independently of each other and are able to make measurements on different ranges and at different frequencies For waveform display the DISP key sequences through the following displays 1 V amp A CH1 24 V amp A CH2 3 V amp A CH3 4 V CH1 CH2 and CH3 5 A CH1 CH2 and CH3 6 V amp A CH1 CH2 and CH3 For barchart display the DISP key sequences through the f
18. harmonics All 50 harmonics are displayed and individual detail can be displayed by pressing the lt or gt keys to scroll through the harmonics Fast Mode In this mode the display averaging is reduced to provide a rapid response to changing inputs This mode is not available in Ballast mode Long Averaging PM100 Only This mode may be used to average measurements over a long interval from 10 to 300 seconds Normally the PM100 samples the waveforms at 200kHz and updates the display approximately every second This is ideal for most measurement applications When there are transient or burst signals however and it is the average measurements over a long period of time that are required then Long Averaging should be enabled Y The averaging time should be several times longer than the cycle of operation of the equipment under test See also the low power standby measurements example later in this manual Equipment Cycle Time Example Long Averaging Time lt 1 second Power supply in low 10s power standby mode 1 lt 10sec Signs message boards 100s oscillating fan 10 lt 60 sec Soldering iron 300s gt 60 sec Washing machine 300s Integrator All measurements including harmonics are available in long averaging mode Notes 1 The display update rate varies with the averaging time used 10 to 3000 seconds To indicate the analyzer is averaging the red PROG led flashes w
19. henever this mode is enabled 2 To reset the averaging press the PROG key 3 To cancel this mode return to the menu system and disable Long Averaging 4 For equipment with very long cycles of operation e g washing machine use the long averaging mode and the integrator together 5 The sample rate in this mode is 200kHz 6 If this command is not documented in your RS232 or IEEE488 interface card manual the format is AVG LNG nnn where nnn is an integer in the range 10 to 300 CFG 1 0 may be used to return to normal mode PAGE 15 THE MENU SYSTEM PM100 300 UsER MANUAL Disable Blanking Normally small signals which are below the specified range of the analyzer are not displayed The display is blanked To view small signals disable the blanking by selecting V For best accuracy however bring the signals into the normal operating range of the analyzer A simple external resistive shunt is often used for low current applications See the technical note at www voltech com M 3 Display This display enables the user to change the top and middle functions of the screen to one of the six basic functions as shown on page 3 The bottom line of the numeric display is automatically changed depending on which one of the six basic functions are selected For example 234 5 W 123 6VA 50 03 Hz M 4 Key Options PF Leading Normally the convention used is gt lt means I leads V This may be reversed by selecti
20. herewith complies with the requirements of the EMC Directives 89 336 EEC and 92 31 EEC and the Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC Signed for on behalf of Voltech Instruments Ltd A VAA Martin Whitley Quality Manager Abingdon United Kingdom June 1996 VPN 98 052 PAGE 31 EMC COMPLIANCE PM100 300 UsER MANUAL DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY Manufacturer s Name Manufacturer s Address declares that the product Product Name Model Number Voltech Instruments Ltd 65 Milton Park Abingdon Oxon United Kingdom Power Analyzer PM300 conforms to the following Product Specifications Safety EMC Supplementary Information BS EN 61010 1993 BS EN 55022 1995 Class A BS EN 50082 2 1992 The product herewith complies with the requirements of the EMC Directives 89 336 EEC and 92 31 EEC and the Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC Signed for on behalf of Voltech Instruments Ltd i WA Martin Whitley Quality Manager Abingdon United Kingdom June 1996 PAGE 32 VPN 98 052 PM100 300 USER MANUAL EMC COMPLIANCE EMC PRECAUTIONS Conducted and Radiated Emissions The PM100 and PM300 comply with the limits of BS EN 55022 Class A To ensure continued compliance the RS232 lead supplied for PC communications must be fitted with the ferrite at the analyzer end Any other RS232 or Parallel Printer leads used should have a ferrite fitted at the end of the lead closest to the analyzer Immunity
21. in interface options Options are defined in the user manual supplied with the separately purchased interface VPN 98 052 PAGE 9 THE MENU SYSTEM M 1 Inputs M 2 Modes M 3 Display 1ph2W 1ph 3W 3ph 2W 3ph 4W External Shunt Voltage Scaling Current Scaling Manual V Range Manual A Range Fix Freq Source Inrush Current Integration Time Ballast Mode Harmonic Mode Waveform Barchart Fast Mode Long Averaging Disable Blanking Upper Function Middle Function M 4 Key Options PF Leading Peak Fix THD Formula Series Formula RMS Harmonic Ref M 5 Calibration Password M 6 Language Select Menu PM100 only PAGE 10 English gt x lt or gt x lt or gt x lt or gt x lt or gt x lt or gt x lt or gt x lt or gt x lt or gt x lt or gt x lt or HH MM gt x lt or gt lt or gt x lt or gt x lt or gt x lt or gt x lt or gt x lt or gt V rms lt gt A rms lt gt lt or gt pk lt or gt x lt or gt x lt or gt x lt or gt 0 lt gt x lt or gt lt ON lt S KSSS PM100 300 USER MANUAL See connection diagram on page 2 See connection diagram on page 2 See connection diagram on page 2 See connection diagram on page 2 Enter scale factor Enter scale factor Enter peak volts Enter peak amps Amps or Volts Enter Time HH MM 50 7 or 60Hz Enter Time secs Sign of PF when I leads V Dis
22. ion to the analyzer s voltage and current inputs gives the best accuracy For higher current applications that require current transformers or external shunts see page 10 r NE jp a le dla b al du g Single phase T i E wy B or Ss vs ingle phase Two wire ar ki a o A and DC measurements SY Lon SHI N J T E A S w E xo u n Q A ne Single phase Three wire a AS ALO a gt V ell H TAN LO ih AS cH2 mi ANO s Three Ls Three Phase YAN Phase Source e lie a Load Three phase Three wire du See 2 wattmeter method AA A Aor Three A Three Phase re A Phase Source ww Load Three phase Three wire A AN An AN 3 wattmeter method A or AN lo o Me A or Set Analyzer to Three Phase Four Wire mode Three 7 Three Phase AY Phase Source ae Load Three phase Four wire Ns ARE 7 Ww aN 3 wattmeter method ok or A N o Sio So N Ao VAN PM300 only See page 13 for selection of wiring mode PAGE 2 VPN 98 052 PM100 300 USER MANUAL GETTING STARTED With the analyzer connected and with power applied the default display shows Volts Amps and Watts On a PM300 quantities for 3 channels and sum are shown The green LED on the fro
23. mV 0 1 rdg 0 1 rng 10mV 0 1 kHz 0 1 rdg 0 1 mg 10mV Up to 20 1000V pk 1500 pk gt 1MQ in parallel with lt 10pF Less than 500mV Less than 1V Galvanic Isolation Capacitance approx 100pF 20mArms to 20Arms in 8 ranges 0 1 0 3 0 9 2 7 8 1 24 3 72 9 200 0 Apk 0 1 reading 0 1 range 1mA 0 1 rdg 0 1 mg 1mA 0 2 kHz 0 1 rdg 0 1 mg 2mA Up to 20 20Arms 200Apk 16Arms when all three channels used on PM300 60Arms 12 5mQ on all ranges Less than 50mA Less than 50mA 12 5mVrms to 2 0Vpk 0 1 rdg 0 1 rng 1mV 0 2 kHz 250Vrms 1MQ on all ranges Galvanic isolation Capacitance approx 100pF 1kHz to 20kHz for the PM300 in three phase three wire and three phase four wire modes VPN 98 052 PAGE 25 SPECIFICATION Power Display Range Accuracy Apparent Power Display Range Accuracy Reactive Power Display Range Accuracy Power Factor Range Accuracy Crest Factor Range Accuracy Peak Voltage and Current Accuracy Inrush Current Range Accuracy Frequency Range Accuracy PM100 300 UsER MANUAL 0 to 1 999GW 0 2 rdg 0 2 rng 5mW 0 3 kHz 0 to 1 999GVA 0 2 rdg 0 2 rng 5mVA 0 3 kHz 0 to 1 999GVAr 0 2 rdg 0 2 rng 5mVAr 0 3 kHz 0 000 to 1 000 0 004 0 2 rdg 0 2 kHz 1 000 to 19 999 Ranges 2 to 8 only pk error rms error 1 rdg 1 rng 0 2 kHz Ranaes 2 to 8 onlv 0 200A 3 0
24. ng gt lt means 1 leads V Peak Pressing the PEAK key normally displays the repetitive peak value of the voltage or current waveform This may be changed here to display the Crest Factor CF where CF Peak RMS values of the waveform For a sine wave the CF is 1 414 Fix THD Formula Normally the analyzer automatically selects the optimum THD formula The formula may be set manually by selecting Series Formula This menu is only available if Fix THD Formula has been selected as above Select v to use the series formula only x to use the difference formula See Page 6 RMS Harmonic Ref Normally the reference value used during THD calculation is the fundamental or H1 Select Y to use the rms value as the reference See page 6 M 5 Calibration PAGE 16 See page 17 for a full description of this menu VPN 98 052 PM100 300 UsER MANUAL THE MENU SYSTEM M 6 Language English or an alternative language may be selected for the menus Select Menu By selecting gt v lt at this menu the screen will switch to the first menu option MO Outputs and you may now scroll through all the menu options once again If you wish to exit the menu system select gt x lt at this menu and press 1 Alternatively press the MENU key to return to the measurement display VPN 98 052 PAGE 17 THE MENU SYSTEM PM100 300 USER MANUAL PAGE 18 VPN 98 052 PM100 300 UsER MANUAL THE MENU SYSTEM APPLICATIONS
25. nt panel 15 illuminated when the analyzer has detected a stable fundamental frequency Harmonic measurements are invalid when this LED is not lit when measuring DC quantities for example The third line of the display can be changed to show any of the 6 basic measurement functions The selected measurement mode will be indicated on the display in the position marked with a below a v dt RMS PM100 113 0 Vrms 0 524 A rms 0 000 VA Veas rus lt y oa lt 4 Sc c a yo lt gt 7 Su 2 D D 5 gt II SO CH1 CH2 CH3 2 107 66 107 89 107 99 186 79 V rms Volt Amperes 142 43 155 52 0 000 99 32 A rms 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 2 w VAr VAr VA W PM300 Volt Amperes aS fo D g5 D lt 2 o Y Y II sa lt gt VPN 98 052 PAGE 3 GETTING STARTED PAGE 4 PM100 300 USER MANUAL Frequency The frequency of the input waveform is obtained using the FREQ key The lowest of the frequencies detected on the Channel 1 V and A inputs is displayed This frequency is used as the fundamental for harmonic analysis Fundamental value V f A f W f VA f Var f PF f The fundamental 1st Harmonic component of the 6 basic measurements are quickly shown by using the FUND key PF f is the power factor due to the fundamental components of voltage and current This is equivalent to cos in a sinewave system Cos h
26. nth periods If any input range is uncalibrated the analyzer displays CALIBRATION ERROR on power up This may be bypassed by pressing the 1 key Equipment Required High accuracy 0 02 true RMS volt meter 0 20A rms Current Generator 120Hz 0 1000V rms Voltage Generator 120Hz 1 0009 precision shunt For lt 2A rms 0 10002 precision shunt For gt 2A rms Equipment Connections IMPORTANT NOTE For optimum performance always calibrate with BOTH voltage and current present simultaneously e During voltage calibration apply approximately 100mA from the same ac source to the current channel e During current calibration including external shunt apply approximately 5V from the same ac source to the voltage channel For Voltage Calibration PM100 PM300 Voltage Generator 0 1000V 120Hz LO HI VPN 98 052 PAGE 21 CALIBRATION PM100 300 USER MANUAL For Current Calibration PM100 PM300 Current Generator 0 20A 120Hz EXT LO HI HI LO HI 00400 Precision Shunt 10 lt 2A 0 10 gt 2A JE For Current Calibration External Shunt PM100 PM300 Current Generator 0 20A 120Hz LO HI PAGE 22 VPN 98 052 PM100 300 USER MANUAL Calibration Method VPN 98 052 CALIBRATION Press MENU and the display will show SELECT MENU M 0 Outputs Press 5 or gt until you see SELECT MENU 5 calibration Press and the following display will be shown E
27. ollowing displays V amp A CH1 2 V amp A CH2 3 V amp A CH3 VPN 98 052 PAGE 7 FUNCTION KEYS PM100 300 USER MANUAL PAGE 8 VPN 98 052 PM100 300 UsER MANUAL THE MENU SYSTEM SECTION 3 THE MENU SYSTEM menu Allows access to the analyzer menu system To navigate the menu system press the MENU key and select the menu you require either by pressing one of the number keys corresponding to the menu number or gt until you see the menu displayed When the display shows the required menu press to access it To change options within a menu use the gt and lt keys to move the flashing gt lt around the desired option and press MENU to return to the measurement display or press J to move to the next menu option For example to access the M 4 key options menu and change the display to show crest factor instead of peak Press MENU and the display will show SELECT MENU M 0 Outputs Press 4 or gt until you see SELECT MENU M 4 key options Press 4 until the following display is shown PEAK gt pk lt cf To change the option Press gt to select gt cf lt Press to move to the next item in the menu system or press MENU to exit the menu system and return to the measurement display All settings are stored when the analyzer is switched off and may be restored by pressing the PROG key The following menu options are available M 0 Outputs Select plug
28. onnel who understand the danger of shock hazards When the instrument is removed from its case hazardous voltages are present The electronic circuitry of this instrument is fully floating with respect to ground If the instrument is opened and dangerous voltages above 50V peak applied to the input terminals then all the circuitry must be considered Live The signal leads must be in good condition with no damage Use a fuse only with the same type and rating 315mAT VPN 98 052 PM100 300 UsER MANUAL CONTENTS Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 VPN 98 052 Getting Started Function Keys The Menu System Example Low Power Standby Measurements Calibration Specifications Accessories EMC Compliance PAGES 21 25 29 31 CONTENTS 111 CONTENTS PM100 300 UsER MANUAL iv VPN 98 052 PM100 300 USER MANUAL GETTING STARTED SECTION 1 GETTING STARTED Thank you for purchasing a Voltech Power Analyzer Your analyzer comes supplied with 1 This Manual 2 A Power Lead 3 Safety Insulated test leads PM100 2 yellow 2 black PM300 6 yellow 6 black 4 Safety crocodile clips 5 A Voltech product registration card Please report any missing items to your Voltech product supplier immediately When you return your product registration card to Voltech we will ensure that you continue to receive news of the latest applications software and hardware
29. or Manual V Range or Manual A Range in M 2 and then enter the approximate maximum peak current or voltage that is expected This can be measured by pressing the PEAK key It is not necessary to remember the exact ranges of the PM100 since they will be selected for you according to the following tables Amps Peak Amps Peak Volts Peak Volts Peak Range Entered Range Entered 0 1 0 0 0 1 7 5V 0 0 7 5 0 3A 0 1 0 3 15V 7 5 15 0 9A 0 3 0 9 30V 15 30 2 74 0 9 2 7 60 30 60 8 1A 2 7 8 1 120V 60 120 24 3A 8 1 24 3 240V 120 240 72 9A 24 3 72 9 480V 240 480 200A gt 200 1000 gt 480 PAGE 12 When a manual range is set the analyzer will make accurate measurements for signals up to the specified range peak Notes 1 Small signals may not be displayed because of the analyzer s display blanking feature and this should be disabled See M 2 Disable Blanking 2 Scaling is ignored When setting a manual range use the actual peak current or voltage seen at the terminals of the PM100 VPN 98 052 PM100 300 UsER MANUAL M 2 Modes THE MENU SYSTEM Fixed Frequency Source PM100 Only It is important that the analyzer detects the correct frequency for analysis since this frequency is used in the calculation of rms and harmonic measurements Good frequency detection is indicated by the green led on the front panel Normally the analyzers continuously scan
30. play peak or crest factor Auto or fixed formula select Choose fixed formula Reference for THD formula The factory default is 3000 VPN 98 052 PM100 300 UsER MANUAL THE MENU SYSTEM M 0 Outputs M 1 Inputs VPN 98 052 This menu is only available when a Voltech interface card is fitted See page 23 for a full description of the cards available for your analyzer For operating instructions see the manual supplied with the interface card The PM100 300 analyzers are highly versatile and can be configured to analyze almost any electrical system The versatility is achieved because all power inputs are ac de coupled and are isolated from each other and from the ground The four main wiring modes are 192 W SINGLE PHASE TWO WIRE Select for single phase loads two wire distribution system and rectifier output 193W SINGLE PHASE THREE WIRE Select for three wire single phase distribution systems 303W THREE PHASE THREE WIRE Select for three phase loads without neutral connection two wattmeter method Note that the N channel provides computed values of current Arms Afund Acf Apk Aharm and Athd for the third unmeasured phase of the system 364W THREE PHASE FOUR WIRE Select for three phase loads with or without neutral connection three wattmeter method External Shunt For use with external shunts and other devices that produce a voltage proportional to the current being measured
31. ruments compatible circuits Allows full control of the analyzer remotely IEEE address may be any number from 2 to 30 Centronics parallel and RS232 serial Interface The parallel connector a 25 way D type connects to most printers with a Centronics type interface matrix jet and laser User selected text is printed when the key is pressed The RS232 connector a 9 way D type may be used to connect to a serial printer or to allow full remote control for the analyzer using the IEEE488 2 command set The baud rate 1200 to 19200 is selected from the front panel Chart Recorder and Alarm Contacts Interface 12 measurements may be output onto a 15 way D type for connection to a chart recorder or data logger Each measurement is scaled for MAX and MIN level from the front panel 2 isolated alarm relay contacts are also provided rated 50V 1A for plant control The relays may be programmed via the front panel to operate when any measurement exceeds a preset MAX or MIN level Extra integration features are provided for load shedding and peak demand applications Voltech can also supply a range of current transformers CT1000 Precision AC 0 2 dual ratio current transformer 100A 1A and 1000A 1A CL1000 AC clamp on current transformer 1000A 1A CL100 AC clamp on current transformer 100A 1A Lighting Ballast CT SmA to 1A RMS current in two ranges 5 kHz to 1MHz bandwidth Maximum voltage Ballast Tube to output 1000vpk
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