Fiber Optic Educational Kit Datasheets
Contents
1. It began about 40 years ago in the R amp D labs Corning Bell Labs etc and was first in Stalled in Chicago in 1976 By the early 1980s fiber networks connected bigger distances and in the 90s TV started the use of fiber to en hance the reliability of their networks Along the time phone and Internet service com puters and LANs started using glass fibers The continents became connected via glass fiber cable laid across the oceans Applica tions in automobiles aircrafts ships and au dio video came up Nowadays communica Educational Objectives e Characterization of Fibers e Guiding of Light in Fibers e Laser Diodes PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East PI mlos Glass Fiber Optics tions technology without glass fiber optics is unthinkable This education kit is excellently suited for a comprehensive introduction to theory and handling of glass fibers The preparation of glass fibers by stripping and cleaving with ap propriate tools are taught The kit enables stu dents coupling laser light into a multi and singlemode fiber respectively The measure ment of fiber parameters like numerical aper ture and transmission losses are performed All required mechanical optical and electronic components for the setup are included For time resolved measurements a 100 MHz oscil loscope is required and can be ordered as an option e Photo Detectors e Coupling Optics e Communication2. 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us PhotonX powered by MICOS PI milos MAC Set Up and Components 1 Set of 2 flat rails 500 mm with scale 7 Fiber holder on articulated connector 2 Laser Diode in XY adjustment holder 8 Photo detector in holder 3 Control electronics LDS 1200 9 2x 1000 m Optical glass fibers SM MM 4 Collimator for laser diode beam 10 Fiber cleaver and stripper 5 XY adjustment holder for fiber coupling 11 IR detector screen 0 8 1 6 um optics 12 Set of 3 BNC cables 6 Fiber holder on translation stage 13 User manual Measurements and Handling e Measurements of the diode laser e Coupling light into a fiber e Measurement of fiber parameters e Runtime of light in fibers e Stripping and cleaving of fibers Version 1 10 PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us MAC PhotonxX powered by MICOS PI miCcos campus CA 1420 Optical Time Domain Reflectometry OTDR In communication fibers the light is guided within a glass ube of only a few micrometers Reducing fiber transmission losses by using active fibers and finding the integrated optical device are the big aims nowadays To find out sources of losses in the fiber which are induced by manufacturing process or mechanical stress Optical Time Domain Reflectometry OTDR is used as an efficient method Basically this procedure couples a light signal into the fiber and measures the occu
3. pump laser power signal laser power etc are possible 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us PI milos MAC Photonx powered by MICOS Educational Objectives e Absorption emission of the gain medium e Laser spiking e Optical pumping e Introduction of losses e Fluorescence lifetime e Dynamic laser behavior e Laser threshold e With extension erbium doped fiber e Slope efficiency amplifier EDFA Components The Fiber Ring Laser kit consists of Baseplate 700 x 500 mm Fiber coupled laser diode 980 nm 100 mW Laser diode controller LDS 1200 with internal photo amplifier current modulator and temperature control Wavelength division multiplexer 980 1550 nm Fiber drum with four erbium fibers 1 4 m Optical diode 1550 nm Pair of fiber collimators in 0 adjustment holders for free beam line Step density filter with 11 steps on slide Pair of SiI PIN and InGaAs photodetectors in XY adjustment holders Plane mirror in mount Set of singlemode patch cables Infrared detector card 800 1600 nm Set for optics cleaning User manual The extension EDFA contains 15 16 Fiber coupled laser diode 1550 nm 1 mW Laser diode controller LDS 1200 with internal photo amplifier current modulator and temperature control PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us MAC PhotonxX PI milos powered by MICOS Measurements and Handling Some
4. 3 Refraction at acryl glass water transition surface V1 4 Parallel translation at the plane parallel plate basic kit While the experimental setup Fig 1 4 shows all the phenomena of reflection and refraction at the same time the didactic reduction to the parallel translation is achieved by the test and report template The parallel translation of the beam transmitting through the medium is determined with help of the projection and measuring screen It is measured as a function of incidence angle of the light beam and verified by calculation Fig 1 5 Totalreflexion in einer planparallelen Platte PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East Based on the two previous experiments determination of the refractive index of Plexiglas and water now the ratio of two refractive indices is determined in this experiment Here the beam is investigated at the transition from the optically denser Plexiglas to the optically less dense medium water On the test and report template of V1 3 the experimental setup is printed Here the beam from the plane parallel plate traverses to the transmission tray filled with water The angle of the optically denser medium is adjusted to the plane parallel plate and the angle in the optically less dense medium is read from the tangent scaled measure of the transmission tray This combination thus allows the investigation of the refractive index ratio at the tr
5. InGaAs and Si PIN photo detectors on holder 12 IR detector card 800 nm 1600 nm 13 Optics cleaning set not shown 14 set of 4 BNC cables not shown Measurements and Handling e Measurements at the diode lasers e Coupling light into a fiber e Absorption and Fluorescence of Er fiber e Transmission gain of EDFA e Setup of an EDFA System e Measurement of EDFA signal Version 1 11 PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us MAC PhotonxX powered by MICOS campus PI miCcos CA 1450 Workshop Glass Fiber Optics Within this workshop the probationer will learn to prepare fibers Stripping by removing the plastic cladding is done by Miller pliers After cleaving process the fiber face is perpendicular and of optical quality by defined breaking This can be achieved by slightly scratching the fiber by means of a ceramic or diamond blade when it is bent and exposed to a defined force in di rection of the fiber axis Afterwards the fiber is married with the right connector by using a two component glue A fiber inspection microscope is used to control centricity and optical quality of the fiber face To improve the quality a polishing machine is used Following content is splicing of Educational Objectives e Fiber Connectors e Fiber Stripping e Fiber Breaking PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us fibers which means direct connecting of two optical fib
6. can be removed easily from the fiber it can be a first task of the students to assemble a pair of connectors to a piece of fiber as well as grinding and polishing the fiber tip for optimum transmission A two channel red and green LED transmission line with a short piece of POF is set up The signal values of the two channels are detected and the at tenuation of the two connectors is calculated The attenuation of the short fiber piece may be neg lected in first approximation Attenuation of plastic fiber lines ge POF Attenuation The attenuation of three measurement fiber lines Bee 10m 20m or 30m and their combinations is 2 O Data Points ae measured for both the red and the green channel ef EES ar The values are plotted as a function of the fiber line Ss av and the attenuation per meter and per km is calcu 5 n lated The difference in the attenuation for the red S R EN pee and the green channel is figured out erf tan The measurements are repeated for FM modulated 24 sano signals Is there a difference compared to the meas 0g r l urements with AM modulation May there be some i e Tieden 8 i R signals lost by the data transmission e Modulation and demodulation of LED light The transmitter and modulator unit of the Plastic Fi ber Controller PFC 1000 converts electrical to opti cal signals which are launched into two plastic opti cal fiber channels by a red and a green LED These signals can either be g
7. of the possible measurements are presented This presentation is by far not complete Pump diode output The output power of the pump diode laser at 980 nm is measured i as a function of the diode current For this purpose the ramp fos modulation mode of the LDS 1200 diode controller is used The i laser threshold and the slope efficiency are derived from this measurement The transmission of the pump light through erbium fibers is detected When rectangular modulation of the diode current is applied the absorption of the pump light 980 nm by the fibers can be seen as a function of the fiber length Signal Intensity a u Upper curve pump diode current as a function of time Lower curve measured pump power through the 1 4m up to down erbium fibres as a function of time e Fluorescence at 1550 nm on When pumping the erbium fibers the fluorescence of the active e 4 centers in the fiber is observed This fluorescence can be measured as a function of the pump diode current and as a function of the fiber length Shgmal intensity mu 10 15 20 25 1 Time ms e Fiber laser oscillation ect echt a BS ih a When the fiber ring laser is closed and the pump diode current is rectangular modulated one can observe the start up oscillation of the laser emission Parameters like signal amplitude damping strength or signal onset can be investigated as a function of pump power fiber length or output coupling ratio gain los
8. polarisation filter and optical slit 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us powered by MICOS MAC PhotonxX PI miCcos Setup and Experiments Li 1 refl 1 V1 Optical paths Medium 1 V1 1 Optical paths in plane parallel plate basic kit At the beginning the light paths in a plane parallel plate are studied In Figure 1 1a the typical well known beam splitting in Medium 2 reflective and transmissive beams is observed at the front surface In this experiment this representation is transferred to two interfaces Fig 1 1a Beam splitting on a partiall i 9 renee ier j i Next the didactic reduction to the investigation of the reflection and refraction law at the plane parallel plate is performed The parallel translation of the transmitting beam is evaluated in the experiment V1 4 and will be neglected here In experiment V1 1 a green laser mounted on a goniometer the angular range from 0 to 80 is continuously scanned The refraction and reflection at the two interfaces is observed The refractive angle is read out at its point of origin of the plane parallel plate This allows the tangent scaled measure engraved in the exit face of the plane parallel plate Then typically in 10 steps the angle of refraction and reflection are noted in the table of the experimental protocol or directly on the test and report template Further the optical paths are sketched on the template In this w
9. school physics teaching 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us PI mlos MAC Photonx powered by MICOS The Optics System consists of a basic kit and extension kits Experiments with the basic kit V 1 1 V 1 2 V 1 3 V 1 4 V1 5 V 2 1 V 3 0 Optical paths in a plane parallel plate refraction and reflection on acryl glass Refraction on water Optical transition glass water Parallel translation by a plane parallel plate Total internal reflection on a plane parallel plate optical wave guide Refraction and reflection on a prism Investigation of ray traces in optical 2D bodies prisms and lenses Verschiebetisch Fig E2 Overview of the optical objects Beam design As a light source a green diode laser is used Further the beam design can be varied by a red diode laser a polarizing filter and a slit for additional optical experiments www pimicos com info pi usa us PI mitos Experiments with extension kits V 1 6 V 2 2 V Ai V 4 2 V5 0 V 6 0 Stronger reflection of metals Dispersion of Prisms Index of refraction determined via Brewster angle and compared to the determination via total internal reflec tion Properties of birefringent crystals and optical activity Investigation of slits and transmission gratings Absorption by optical filters Probenhalter Halbkreisscheibe Fig E3 Laser source with modular attachments
10. 1400 Optical data transmission is nowadays a standard technique in telecommunication Glass fiber lines are widespread all over the globe However in multimedia systems au tomotive systems home networks or control systems plastic optical fiber POF networks can often be found Reasons for the choice of POF can be the lower price the need of only short transmission lines 50 100 m envi ronmental conditions not suited for glass fi ber or simply the easy way of installation of a POF network Within this educational kit the basics of plastic fibers concerning fiber preparation as well as data transmission are treated The preparation of a POF will be trained to the students Stripping of a fiber and as Educational Objectives e LED Transmitter e LED Signal Modulation e Si Photo Detector Receiver e Dichroic Beam Splitter PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East Plastic Fiber Optics sembling and polishing of a connector are practiced The measurement of transmis sion losses of different lengths of POFs as well as the setup of a complete two channel low frequency data transmission system will be performed All necessary components fibers and control electronics like modula tor transmitter receiver demodulator and an audio amplifier with two speakers are in cluded Other signal sources like a CD player or a microphone can be connected to the transmitter For the measureme
11. 634 50 57 393 e mail info pimicos com home www pimicos com Physik Instrumente PI GmbH amp Co KG Auf der R merstra e 1 76228 Karlsruhe Palmbach Tel 49 721 4846 0 Fax 49 721 4846 1019 Email info pi ws Wwww pi ws 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us
12. Campus www pimicos com info pi usa us CA 1100 PI mlos Detection and Measuring of Light One of the first tasks in assembling a new experimental setup or application is to se lect the right detector for measuring and display a laser signal in terms of power or energy or its time resolved behavior The wavelengths of the different kinds of lasers cover the range from UV to IR Due to this fact it is necessary to use the best suited detector to get the best possible measurement result The influence of the characteristics of the detector like wave length gain response time or sensitivity de termine the selection This experimental kit shows the different properties of a set of photo detectors to learn how to get optimized results if the right detector is chosen with respect to spectral sensitivity and temporal response Educational Objectives e Black Body Radiation e White Light Lamp e Monochromator e Semiconductor Photo detectors e Thermoelectric Photo Detector PI mitos The set contains semiconductor and ther moelectric types which will be analyzed in their characteristics like spectral sensitivity or response time Further the effect of dif ferent kinds of electronic supply circuits for the detectors is shown in the experiment The spectral characteristics are measured by using a white light source in combination with a monochromator and the response time is evaluated by means of a fast mod ulat
13. and the fluorescence of the active fiber can be stu died All necessary mechanical optical and elec tronic components for the EDFA system shown in the figure above are included The measurements require a 100 MHz oscillos cope which can be ordered as an option e Coupling Light to Fibers e Erbium doped Fibers e Optical Amplification e Optical Pumping 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us PI milos MAC PhotonxX powered by MICOS Set Up and Components 1 1000 mm flat rail with scale 2 Laser Diode 1 55 um in XY adjustment holder 3 Control electronics for 2 4 Fiber coupled pump laser diode 980 nm in controller 5 Collimator for laser diode beam 6 XY adjustment holder with coupling optics 7 Fiber connector holder on translation stage 8 Wavelength division multiplexer WDM on long carrier 9 Erbium doped glass fiber on spool 10 Fiber collimator on adjustment holder 11 InGaAs and Si PIN photo detectors on holder 12 IR detector card 800 nm 1600 nm 13 Optics cleaning set not shown 14 set of 4 BNC cables not shown Measurements and Handling e Measurements at the diode lasers e Coupling light into a fiber e Absorption and Fluorescence of Er fiber e Transmission gain of EDFA e Setup of an EDFA System e Measurement of EDFA signal Version 1 11 PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us MAC PhotonxX powered by MICOS Cam
14. ansition of the laser beam from an optically denser Plexiglas to an optically less dense water medium Thereafter the ratio of the refractive indices is calculated and compared with values from previous measurements from the experiments V1 1 and V 1 2 Fig 1 4 Parallel translation of a laser beam at the transmission through an optically dense medium V1 5 Total internal reflection at the plane parallel plate basic kit In case of irradiation of the laser on the short side of the plane parallel plate the beam is reflected on the long side without losses This phenomenon is the total internal reflection which also occurs for example in fiber optics and endoscopes in medicine Mit der Versuchs und Protokollvorlage erfolgt in diesem Versuch die didaktische Reduktion auf die Totalreflexion The test and report template of V1 5 allows the didactic reduction to the total internal reflection It is particularly important that on the projection screen no emergent light is observed 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us MAC PhotonxX PI milos powered by MICOS V1 6 Reflection on metal compared to dielectric extension kit In this experiment in simple terms the reflectivity of dielectric material is compared with the reflectivity of metal For this purpose the experimental setup V1 1 is used to start with In addition on the exit face of the plane parallel plate a metal mirror is arranged The mirror reflects the tran
15. ay the reflection and refraction law Snell s law is verified In the post processing phase these optical laws can be reconstructed by the student Fig 1 1b Beam paths in a plane parallel plate with help of the test and report template V1 2 Investigation of refractive index of liquids basic kit At the test and report template of experiment V1 2 all beam paths are didactically reduced to the law of Snell In this experiment liquids are investigated The reflection at the front surface is not taken into account in this investigation On the Template V1 2 Snell s Law Air Water also the experimental setup is shown For the investigation of the refractive indices of liquids the transmission tray is fixed on the transparent platform by the guiding pins A tangent scaled measure is engraved on the exit face of the transmission tray so the refractive angle can be read out at its place of origin By experimental determination of the refractive indices different liquids can be identified The observation that the refractive index changes when the liquid is filled in the tray is didactically important for the understanding of this natural phenomenon Fig 1 2 Refraction at air water transition surface PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us PI mlos Photonx powered by MICOS V1 3 Refraction law at acryl glass water basic kit Fig 1
16. d reflection by means of the new source of radiation laser The company miCos has set itself the task to produce this modern experimental setup for universities and colleges and therefore has obtained a license from the developer the Philipps University Marburg With this setup the phenomena of reflection refraction and transmission which always occur together are individually assessed in a tight experimental time frame by a new educational concept PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us In this modern experimental system the transparent platform and the so called test and report templates belong together as a whole In nature all processes appear in parallel With the test and report templates the didactic reduction of the individual process and its respective learning content is realized For each individual experiment a special template is given to each student The templates serve a triple function 1 Instruction of performance the experiment is printed on the template 2 Experimental results are to be noted on the tem plates 3 Didactic reconstruction of the experiment by the student during the post processing phase A qualified visualization of the ray traces are optimal conditions for learning of optical phenomena This modern training system is particularly well suited for physical training programs in medicine biology pharmacy and engineering Another important field of application is secondary
17. d signal and continuous pumping this example shows the effect of modulated pumping with continuous signal Clearly to see are the fluorescence decay of the signal and the influence of different fiber lengths on the signal intensity 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us MAC PhotonxX powered by MICOS PI milos campus CA 2100 Optics System Refraction and Reflection Transparent Setup together with test and report templates as a unit Y axis gt o ge e G e g s 4 a r TE o n o EH d y P S A D Sea a E EN D a background il e E G LR j o l j fo j EF AR IE a gt transparent setup Be 8 tangens scale amp Se aw en GaP gt DN 2 S BS S gt test and report template Fig E1 Transparent Setup with test and report templates optical paths With the invention of the laser in 1960 the age of photonics has started This innovation permeates the whole economy and requires that the education on secondary schools and on universities provides for this invention Therefore it is not just for physics students of great interest to understand the laws of optics Also for biologists physicians engineering scientists and in fundamental physics at the upper secondary education this knowledge is essential Modern experimental setups are necessary to allow the experimental investigation of the since ages well Known laws of refraction an
18. d the thickness of the crystal Further for optically active liquids a dependence of the activity on the concentration is given www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us PI mlos MAC PhotonxX powered by MICOS V5 Experiments with gratings extension kit In front of the laser a slit is placed In a sample holder optical gratings are mounted On the big measuring screen the diffraction patterns are observed The monochromatic light typically provides only one line per diffraction order From the spacing of the diffraction orders the grating parameters are determined This experiment is performed with gratings of different line constants and with green or red monochromatic light Fig 5 Refraction by a grating Probenhalter V6 Experiments with Absorption extension kit Green or red laser light is passed through red green or other filters It is observed that the red filter absorbs the green wavelength while the green filter transmits the green light With the red laser the behavior is different Fig 6 Absorption with color filters Material list of the Optics System Basic kit 1 Transparent platform with projection screen 2 Laser module 532nm 1mW at goniometer mount 3 Plane parallel acrylic plate with tangent scaled angle measure 4 Transmission tray for liquids water with tangent scaled angle measure 5 Prism 60 material acrylic g
19. demodulator output signal should look like the upper curve again However there is a signal intensity threshold at which the demodulator is not working prop erly any more If one signal channel has a much higher amplitude than the other the effect of cross talk may appear Le the signal of one channel is more or less present at the other channel as well This behavior is presented in the next graph which shows the pure signal from the modulator output in the upper curve and the same signal overlayed by the second channel s signal from the demodulator output in the lower curve If the two input signals have almost the same frequency one can observe a signal beating which is the result of alternating construc tive and destructive interference of the two signals This beating is nicely observed if the two signals are detected by one photo detec tor and the amplitudes of the two signals have the same heights D File Utilities EDGE F Version 2 10 PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us MAC PhotonxX powered by MICOS Campus CA 1410 lt a gt aR f W s le N Ee te de Zi S e Ki EE b ve c Sr gt e m gt lt a PE P a ee e EK lt was the communications technology that re quired an increase of data transfer rate and started the solution of this problem by sending signals down hair thin strands of glass fibers
20. ed laser For compensation of spectral distribution of the used light source and monochromator a wavelength independent detector is used Absolute values can be measured by using a calibrated power meter which may be of fered optionally e Photovoltaic photoconductive and transimpedance mode e Photodetector Response e Spectral Characterization 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us Setup and Components CON OOF WD Flat rail 1000 mm modified with scale Halogen light source 150 W with power supply Collimating and focusing optics in holder on carrier Wavelength separator 450 1500 nm onrail Beam shaping and imaging optics in holder on carrier Light chopper on carrier with controller Modulated diode laser in adjustment holder with power supply not shown Function generator for laser modulation not shown Filter holder on carrier with three optical filters Thermoelectric photo detector on carrier with integrated control electronics Photo detectors Si Si PIN and InGaAs Photodiode in holder on carrier PDC 1000 power supply amplifier and control electronics for photo detectors 312 Digits multimeter User manual Measurements and Handling e Types of photo detectors e Spectral response e Rise time e Optical filters e Electronic circuits for photo detectors Version 1 12 PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us Campus CA
21. enerated by a CD player a microphone or other audio sources Additionally the transmitter contains an internal frequency generator for each of the two independent channels A two po sition switch allows to set the modulation to ampli tude AM or frequency modulation FM at a fixed carrier frequency The receiver unit of the PFC 1000 receives and de modulates the signals transmitted by the POF setup Each of the two channels are separately amplified and can be displayed on an oscilloscope via BNC outlets PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us MAC PhotonxX PI milos powered by MICOS Transfer of sinusoidal signals Some examples of signal outputs of the PLC 1000 displayed on a digital oscilloscope are given below Modulator output at AM modulation Feeding the two modulated output signals to the oscilloscope the Ve graph may look like the following picture Here one signal fre Le quency is chosen as about three times the frequency of the other 3 signal In an ideal case the demodulator output signals of the Receiver may look simmilar but reduced in their amplitude Save 7 Image A sinusoidal signal upper curve is transmitted in the FM modula fem Ink Saver tion mode like shown in the lower curve A rectangular TTL signal is modulated in its frequency according to the sinusoidal input sig nal After transmission via the POF setup the
22. ers The arc diffusion splicing is a kind of weld ing where both fiber ends are exposed to an elec trical arc Before both fibers are positioned visually or microprocessor controlled In this experiment the fibers can be aligned in the field by precision V grooves The fiber position can be controlled by build in vision control system After alignment of the fibers can be spliced by a single button press After a cleaning arc the quality of the fiber connect ing will be tested concerning axis shift angle er rors and tensile strength Finishing this workshop the student will be fit in glass fiber handling e Fiber Polishing e Fiber Inspection Fiber Splicing 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us PI milos MAC Photonx powered by MICOS Set Up and Components 1 High Precision Fiber Cleaver 4 Grinding and polishing machine for fiber 2 Holt melt cementing oven for fiber con connectors nectors 5 Inspection microscope for fiber connec 3 Stand for assembled fiber connectors tors 6 Automatic handheld splicer unit Measurements and Handling e Precision cleaving of glass fibers e Optical inspection of fiber connector e Assembling of fiber connectors surfaces e Grinding and polishing of fiber connectors SPlicing of glass fibers Please note The shown pictures are similar PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us MAC PhotonxX p
23. fiber These amplifiers provide a large gain which occurs when the fiber is pumped by additional light input at a wavelength shorter than 1 55 um e g at a wavelength of 980 nm Therefore large output power may be obtained EDFAs enable the user transmitting an optical signal over very long distances without the need for electronic signal regeneration Two bands are usually used for EDFA the Conventional or C band from approximately 1525 nm 1565 nm and the Long or L band from approximately 1570 nm to 1610 nm Educational Objectives e Emission and Absorption e Laser Diodes e Laser Threshold and Slope Efficiency e Optical Fibers PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us This educational kit teaches the principle of an EDFA by using an open frame setup which shows all single components instead of a closed black box A fiber coupled laser diode at 980 nm is used as pump source for an Er doped fiber of several me ters length This light is coupled into an Er doped fiber via a wavelength division multiplexer WDM The light of a 1 55 um laser diode is used as signal to be amplified The signal source is a free space laser diode which is coupled in the WDM with help of a microscope objective The interaction of the pump and signal laser with the Er fiber as well as signal amplification can be demonstrated and measured Further the characteristics laser thre shold and slope efficiency of the two laser signals
24. lass 6 Translation stage with 2D elements 90 Prism 40 Prism biconvex plano convex and bicon cave lense 7 Projection and measuring screen with scale 8 Test and report templates printed and pdf 9 Instruction manual for students 10 Instruction manual for teachers PI micos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East Extension kits Filter holder Metal mirror Laser module 650nm Prism heavy flint SF Polariser Half circular disk Birefringent crystal Optically active crystal plates 9 Optical slit 10 Different gratings CO NOOO SS W DP 11 Big measuring screen 12 Color filters red green 13 Templates for extensions printed and pdf 14 Instruction manual for students 15 Instruction manual for teachers Version 2 11 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us USA East amp CANADA PI Physik Instrumente L P 16 Albert St Auburn MA 01501 Tel 1 508 832 3456 Fax 1 508 832 0506 Email info pi usa us Www pi usa us USA West amp MEXICO PI Physik Instrumente L P 5420 Trabuco Rd Suite 100 Irvine CA 92620 Tel 1 949 679 9191 Fax 1 949 679 9292 Email info pi usa us Wwww pi usa us Call Us Today 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 www pimicos com West PI miCtos info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East PI mic os GERMANY Headquarters PI miCos GmbH Freiburger Strasse 30 D 79427 Eschbach GERMANY Phone 49 763450570 Fax 49 7
25. nge of the optical path can be obtained V4 Light an electromagnetic wave experiments with polarised light extension kit V4 1 Refractive index from Brewster angle and total internal reflection With the polarizer linearly polarized light is generated Perpendicular or parallel polarisation states with respect to the incidence plane are adjusted Now the reflection of these states at the flat surface of the half circular disk is measured For parallel polarized light no reflection is observed at the Brewster angle For radiation at the curved surface of the half circular disk the critical angle of total reflection and the internal Brewster angle are determined n n2 Drehung der Polarisationsebene Doppelbrechender Kristall KA n gt n2 Doppelbrechung Fig 4 2 Strahleng nge im doppelbrechenden Kristall PI mitos Polarisator 180 drehbar V4 2 Polarisation Birefringence Birefringent crystal The laser emits elliptically polarised light When shining in the direction n1 n2 of the crystal then two orthogonal polarization states are generated For radiation in the direction of n1 n2 elliptically polarized light is generated This can be proven with a polarizer Optical activity Optical activity is shown with SiO single crystals Depending on the crystal structure they are left or right turning crystals The rotation angle depends on the type of material the wavelength an
26. nts a signal oscilloscope is necessary and can be or dered as an option e Dual Wavelength Data Transmission e Plastic Fiber Handling and Preparation e Plastic Fiber Attenuation e Signal Beating and Cross Talk 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us HAT milos MAC PhotonxX powered by MICOS Setup and Components 1 Flat Rail 500 mm with scale NO Controller for LED transmitter with frequency generator photo diode receiver and demodulator POF Y coupler on carrier FSMA coupler in holder on carrier FSMA coupler in XY adjustment holder on carrier Light receiver system with beam separation and detectors 3 POF cables with two FSMA connectors length 10 m 20 m 30 m Pair of active stereo speakers Set of tools for fiber preparation and assembling of FSMA connectors Set of necessary BNC cables and adapters not shown ON OO OF fF W ech User manual PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us powered by MICOS HAT milos MAC PhotonxX Measurements and Handling Some of the possible measurements are presented in the following list e Preparation of plastic fiber POF and assembling of POF connectors Although the setup comes already with terminated and polished fibers a set of tools a bare fiber coil and connectors are added to get experienced to prepare the fiber to be connected and subsequently to be polished Since the FSMA connectors
27. oped fiber of several me ters length This light is coupled into an Er doped fiber via a wavelength division multiplexer WDM The light of a 1 55 um laser diode is used as signal to be amplified The signal source is a free space laser diode which is coupled in the WDM with help of a microscope objective The interaction of the pump and signal laser with the Er fiber as well as signal amplification can be demonstrated and measured Further the characteristics laser thre shold and slope efficiency of the two laser signals and the fluorescence of the active fiber can be stu died All necessary mechanical optical and elec tronic components for the EDFA system shown in the figure above are included The measurements require a 100 MHz oscillos cope which can be ordered as an option e Coupling Light to Fibers e Erbium doped Fibers e Optical Amplification e Optical Pumping 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us PI milos MAC PhotonxX powered by MICOS Set Up and Components 1 1000 mm flat rail with scale 2 Laser Diode 1 55 um in XY adjustment holder 3 Control electronics for 2 4 Fiber coupled pump laser diode 980 nm in controller 5 Collimator for laser diode beam 6 XY adjustment holder with coupling optics 7 Fiber connector holder on translation stage 8 Wavelength division multiplexer WDM on long carrier 9 Erbium doped glass fiber on spool 10 Fiber collimator on adjustment holder 11
28. owered by MICOS PI miCcos CA 1240 CA 1241 Fiber Ring Laser Extension EDFA Campus This fiber laser set offers a multitude of experimental performances As a start up measurement the characterization of the 980 nm pump laser concerning the diode current or the beam profile is recom mended Coupling the pump light in the erbium fibers absorption and fluorescence properties can be investigated With help of a resonator mirror a linear erbium fiber laser can be realized Closing the resonator for a ring the fiber ring laser is built Both types can be investigated with respect to several parameters for example the active fiber length four different lengths of erbium fibers are provided the amount of losses variable in 11 steps the pump power and so on The ring laser can be PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us operated bi directional An optical diode allows an unidirectional operation in or against the pumping direction as well The pump diode controller contains an internal modulator which enables investigations of statical as well as dynamical laser processes lf a laser source of 1 55 um is available optionally offered by miCos CA 1241 EDFA then the interaction of this laser light with the erbium fibers can be studied By simultaneously pumping of the fibers at 980 nm an erbium doped fiber amplifier EDFA is realized and can be investigated several EDFA measurements concerning the fiber length
29. pus PI milos CA 1430 Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier EDFA An important step in optical fiber technology has been done with the development of fibers which are able to amplify light through stimu lated emission Erbium is a metallic rare earth element that is used to amplify light signals sent along fiber optic cables If ions of this element are doped in a glass fiber and light of a suited wavelength is send through it the result may be an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier EDFA de pending on the optical pumping of the fiber These amplifiers provide a large gain which occurs when the fiber is pumped by additional light input at a wavelength shorter than 1 55 um e g at a wavelength of 980 nm Therefore large output power may be obtained EDFAs enable the user transmitting an optical signal over very long distances without the need for electronic signal regeneration Two bands are usually used for EDFA the Conventional or C band from approximately 1525 nm 1565 nm and the Long or L band from approximately 1570 nm to 1610 nm Educational Objectives e Emission and Absorption e Laser Diodes e Laser Threshold and Slope Efficiency e Optical Fibers PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us This educational kit teaches the principle of an EDFA by using an open frame setup which shows all single components instead of a closed black box A fiber coupled laser diode at 980 nm is used as pump source for an Er d
30. rrence of reflected light blips These blips will be produced at stray centers at defects within the fiber core or at fiber surfaces for example at fiber connectors This behavior is exploited within OTDR and can be used to locate errors in fiber links Educational Objectives e Laser Diode Power Modes e Optical Fiber e Si PIN Photo Detector e Fiber Handling and Preparation PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East The goal of this educational kit is understanding and training in this very important technique The students will be shown the principle of operation of OTDR with the help of a complete set up shown in the figure below The measurement of the back scattered light and the interpretation of the measured data are explained and discussed All needed mechanical optical and electronic components are included For the measurements a 100 MHz oscilloscope is necessary and can be ordered as an option Besides the OTDR many other fiber related measurements and handling like measurement of speed of light or behavior of diode lasers can be carried out e Coupling Light into Fiber e Reflected Light Echoes e Properties of Glass Fibers e Speed of Light 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us PI m los Set Up and Components oR WN O CO NO Set of 4 flat rails with scale Laser Diode in XY adjustment holder Control electronics Collimator for laser diode beam Adjustable beam split
31. ses Signal Intensity Iau D D Al CD it D Upper curve pump diode current o d 02 03 0 Lower curve Erbium laser signal Time rns PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us PI mlos Fiber laser output Laser intensity faul D Ba 49 60 EI 100 120 140 160 Diode current mA MAC PhotonxX powered by MICOS The output power of the linear or fiber ring laser at 1550 nm can be measured as a function of the diode current Using the ramp modulation together with the offset function of the LDS 1200 the laser emission can also be measured directly as a function of the pump diode power The laser threshold and the slope efficiency are derived from this measurement Extension for Ring Fiber Laser CA 1241 EDFA Signal amplification 1 Signal intensity a u Signal intorvaity at www pimicos com Im Er Fiber im Er Fiber Im Erber d PI mitos info pi usa us Simultanous pumping of the erbium fibers at 980 nm and inserting a seeding signal at 1550 nm shows the physics behind erbium doped fiber amplifiers The signal gain at 1550 nm is investigated as a function of the fiber length the pump power or the signal power Upper curve amplified signal through 3 m erbium fiber Lower curve signal at 1550 nm without pumping While the measurements of the previous example where performed with modulate
32. smitted beam with higher reflectivity than the dielectric surface Hence the resulting spot on the projection screen is much more intense than that generated by the reflection at the dielectric medium Projektionswand GF1 GF2 d 2 Alu Spiegel Fig 1 6a Schematic presentation of the setup for com parison of reflectivity of dielectric media and SC metal Fig 1 66 Comparison of reflectivity of dielectric media and metal PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us MAC PhotonxX PI micos E V2 Experiments with prisms V2 1 Optical paths in prism basic kit Using prisms two types of optical paths are observed experimentally 1 For small angles of incidence the laser beam is totally reflected on the opposite face 2 When increasing the angle of incidence the total internal reflection changes to refraction The angle of refraction in the transition from total reflection is verified experimentally determined and calculated The angle of minimum deflection is also determined experimentally and verified by calculation Fig 2 1 Refraction and reflection in a prism V2 2 Dispersion in prism extension kit 1 Optical path in deflecting prism The didactic reduction to the deflection effect is achieved by a prism of very small dispersion In the prism the green laser is compared to a red laser Here no difference in the deflection is vis
33. ter on articulated connector Imaging optics for start pulse detector Detector for start pulse in holder Quarter wave plate in rotation holder 5 axes adjustments holder with coupling optics Measurements and Handling www pimicos com info pi usa us Measurements at the diode laser Coupling light into a fiber Measurement of fiber parameters PI mitos Photonx powered by MICOS MAC 10 Fiber holder on linear stage 11 1000 m Optical glass fibers 12 Fiber holder on linear stage 13 Imaging optics for measurement pulse detector 14 Detector for measurement pulse in holder 15 Fiber cleaver and stripper 16 IR detector screen 0 8 1 2 um 17 Set of 3 BNC cables 18 User manual e Runtime of light in fibers e Cutting and stripping of fibers e Set up and alignment of OTDR Systems Version 1 09 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us MAC PhotonxX powered by MICOS Campus PI miCcos CA 1430 Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier EDFA An important step in optical fiber technology has been done with the development of fibers which are able to amplify light through stimu lated emission Erbium is a metallic rare earth element that is used to amplify light signals sent along fiber optic cables If ions of this element are doped in a glass fiber and light of a suited wavelength is send through it the result may be an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier EDFA de pending on the optical pumping of the
34. ually observed Thus it is demonstrated that crown glasses have almost no dispersion Laser 1 532 nm Laser 2 650 nm Umlenkprisma Nssanm 1 518 Meso nm 1 515 Fig 2 2a Refraction in a deflecting prism 2 Optical path in dispersion prism extension kit The dispersion prism is made of heavy flint glass The deflection is bigger than with the prism of acryl glass Further dispersion can be observed because the green laser beam is deflected more than the red one 7 Laser 1 532 nm D Laser 2 650 nm Dispersionsprisma 1 746 gt t KEE N 532nm 650 nm Fig 2 2b Refraction in dispersion prism PI mitos www pimicos com info pi usa us 508 832 3456 East 949 679 9191 West www pi usa us MAC PhotonxX powered by MICOS Fig 3 Optical paths in transparent objects PI miCcos V3 Experiments with translation stage basic kit On a translation stage convex and concave lenses and prisms with different angles are placed individually or in combination Due to the design of these objects the radiation patterns are clearly visible Dabei wird das Wirkprinzip von Konvex und Konkav linsen als auch die Wirkung von Prismen demons triert Durch Bewegen des Verschiebetischs kann die kontinuierliche Ver nderung des optischen Weges verfolgt werden Here the principles of convex and concave lenses and the effect of prisms are demonstrated By moving the translation stage the continuous cha
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