TS-2800 Manual - Technologic Systems
Contents
1. and selects one of four input ranges bits 3 4 Bits 5 7 should be set to zero After the write cycle to I O location 78h the MAX197 completes Table 6 A D Control Register 78h Write the A D conversion in 11 uS Bit O at I O location 7Eh may be polled to determine when the conversion is complete The conversion result is now available at locations 78h LSB and 79h MSB When using unipolar modes the result is in binary format with the upper 4 bits of the MSB equal to zero When a bipolar mode Range select 0 5V range 1 10V range Set to zero is used the result is in twos complement binary with the upper 4 bits Bits 12 ce 15 equal to bit 11 sign extended cae Channel 1 If more details on the A D converter specifications are required the Maxim Channel 2 web site is listed in Appendix Channel 3 8 2 A D Converter BIOS Call anes Channel 5 An A D acquisition can also be obtained through BIOS call int 15h function Channel 6 BO50h By using a BIOS call your code will operate safely even when running on a development machine without the ADC because the function call will not hang if there is a hardware fault MAX197 not populated If the ADC completion bit is not true after 50 uS the routine exits with an error condition Int 15h Function BO50h Channel 7 Analog GND Table 7 ADC Header ENTRY Ad 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 BL Value to write into A D Control registe2. 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems 5 3 RS 485 Support Position with terminal strip facing you Center Right RS 485 Quick start procedure The RS 485 option must be installed Install JP7 to enable RS 485 operation Silk screen Label X GND Half duplex Usage TX RX TX RX GND Table 1 RS 485 Signals Attach the RS 485 cable to the 3 pin An option is available to add support to COMA for half terminal strip connector duplex RS 485 RS 485 drivers allow communications Set the COM1 UART serial between multiple nodes up to 4000 feet 1200 meters parameters baud rate data parity via twisted pair cable Half duplex RS 485 requires one and stop bits interrupts etc twisted pair plus a Ground connection To transmit data assert RTS and write the data to the UART To receive data deassert RTS and read the data from the UART For half duplex operation a single twisted pair is used for transmitting and receiving The serial port s RTS signal controls the RS 485 transmitter receiver When RTS is asserted true bit 1 of the modem control register 1 the RS 485 transmitter is enabled and the receiver disabled When RTS is de asserted the transmitter is tri stated disabled and the receiver is enabled Since the transmitter and receiver are never both enabled the serial port UART does not receive the data transmitted The transmitter and receiver share a single pair of signals that are available in a screw down
3. Converter Control Function BO50h provides a simple interface for performing a single A D conversion In case of hardware failure or the ADC option is not present a time out returns an error code within approximately 50 uS ENTRY AX B050h BL Value to write into A D Control register See Table 6 EXIT CY 0 no error AH 00 No Error 01 bad subfunction 02 bad input registers i e if BL bit 5 set 03 ADC option not present I O 7Dh bit O 0 04 Hardware error A D timeout BX A D Conversion value The ADC automatically sign extends the result to the full 16 bits in bipolar mode and masks the upper 4 bits in unipolar mode Appendix G Direct Control of the 386EX DIO Pins The Intel386 EX processor has three 8 bit bi directional I O ports all of which are functionally identical Figure 16 1 Each port has three control registers and a status register All three ports share pins with internal peripherals Several of these pins are routed to the DIO ports If your design does not require a pin s peripheral function you can configure that pin for use as an I O port For example if you don t need IRQ6 for PC 104 you can use the associated pin 386EX P3 4 as DIO2 pin 13 Each pin can operate either in I O mode or in peripheral mode In I O mode a pin has three possible configurations e high impedance input e open drain output requires an external pull up resistor e complementary output 22 05 21 09 TS 2800 U
4. different modes These jumpers are located to the left of the PC 104 socket and to the right of the COM 1 header Technologic Systems Function Manufacturing Mode Console Redirection Installed for 128 or 512k SRAM RS 485 Bias Resistors RS 485 Bias Resistors RS 485 Term Res Half Duplex RS 485 Table 8 Jumper Listing 32K SRAM Disk On Chip 128K or 512K SRAM EPROM Table 9 32 Pin Socket Jumper Table 19 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems Appendix D System Memory Map Resource Starting Address Size hex decimal Extended Memory RAM 7M 100000h 1024k Shadow RAM F0000h 960k Shadow RAM E0000h 896k Flash Drive D8000h 832k PC 104 or DiskOnChip D6000h 824k 8k ip PC 104 or Battery Backed SRAM overlaps 32k DiskOnChip DO000h 800k PC 104 32k typically video BIOS Co000h 768k PC 104 typically vid ee typically video memory A0000h 640k Lower Memory 640k RAM 00000h 00000 Figure 8 TS 2800 Memory Map 20 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems Appendix E System I O Map The following table lists the I O addresses used by the system All other I O locations from 100h through 3F7h are available on the PC 104 expansion bus Hex Address Resource Lo Bit 0 Description Address FOOOh FFFFh Internal 386EX Registers Always 1 400h EFFFh PC 104 Bus SRAM option Not recommended for use 0 Not installed 3F8h
5. is running this will execute a small utility that simply contains an INT 3 instruction e From the BIOS Setup main menu started by typing ctrl C during the BIOS POST the ENTER SYSTEM BIOS DEBUGGER selection will enter the debugger After use typing the G go command will return to the SETUP screens e Asa boot action as a last ditch effort if the operating system cannot be booted from the appropriate drives or out of ROM A complete discussion of debugger commands is available in the Integrated BIOS Debugger Reference Manual included on the TS 2800 Utility Disk and also available from the Technologic Systems web site Entering will list all available commands and a g go will return execution to the point where the debugger was called 15 Video Keyboard and Console Redirection The TS 2800 has no video controller or keyboard interface This was done to keep the board size small and the cost low For applications that require it a PC 104 video board can be added to the system easily This could be a VGA controller graphic LCD interface or a custom board of your own design Without a video board in the system the TS 2800 redirects all console activity to the COM2 serial port Simply connect an ANSI terminal or emulator to COM2 with a null modem cable using serial parameters of 9600 baud 8 data bits no parity 1 stop bit and make sure jumper JP2 is installed All text information that would norm
6. ooooccccccccncccccocccccnnnnncconooccccnnnnncnonononnnnnnnnncnonnnons 22 APPENDIX H USING A 12 5 MHZ BAUD CLOCK ooooccccccccccnnnnncncnononcnnnnnnnnonononononnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnininnnos 24 APPENDIX I FURTHER REFERENCE O cuiiciciciiocici ioicicicicidiciaiodaiciadolaiciaiodibiiaioliiiisioldicisioidinacioiciaaciciciaicicici a 24 APPENDIX J MANUAL REVISIONS y a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a aa EENES 24 iv 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems 5 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems 1 Introduction The model TS 2800 is a compact full featured PC compatible Single Board Computer based on the 386EX processor If you are coming up from the 8 bit microcontroller world you will find that this product provides much more performance and much quicker development since you can now use standard PC development tools such as Turbo C or Quick Basic If you have done work in the PC world in the past you will find you can now build applications for a very small target that does not require a keyboard video floppy disks or hard drives You can typically write and debug code on a host PC using standard development tools for the PC platform then simply copy it to and run it on the TS 2800 without modification If additional peripherals are required the PC 104 expansion bus allows for many standard functions available off the shelf It is also very simple to create a custom PC 104 daughter board for those spec
7. standard packet driver is installed on the board by default along with sample network applications written with the public domain Waterloo TCP IP software WATTCP WATTCP is a freely available package including source code that provides TCP IP connectivity for programs written for the DOS environment In addition we have written a simple DOS HTTP web server using WATTCP that is included on the TS 2800 utility disk Full source code is included and you are free to modify and extend the code for your own use on Technologic Systems Embedded PCs During POST the BIOS initializes the CS8900A registers with the correct settings interrupt IRQ12 I O address range 300h 30Fh and I O mapped operation The DOS packet driver is loaded by AUTOEXEC BAT once DOS starts To run the sample programs ping and finger on the TS 2800 first examine the contents of the WATTCP CFG configuration file in the AAETHERNET directory and correct any information that is not valid for your particular network Then simply run a sample program from the DOS command line For example A ping www embeddedx86 com Technologic Systems Example Configuration Pinging www embeddedx86 com 209 130 84 83 sent PING 1 PING receipt 1 response time 0 00 seconds Ping Statistics Sent Received Success 100 Average RTT 0 35 seconds A If you prefer to use a package other than WATTCP go right ahead Device drivers f
8. 3FFh COM1 1 Option installed 300h 30Fh CS8900A Ethernet controller RS 485 option 2F8h 2FFh COM2 0 Not installed 080h OFFh Internal 386EX peripherals 1 Option installed 078h 079h A D Converter Returns status of TX485EN 074h 07Fh Board configuration registers Always 0 072h 073h Alphanumeric LCD A D Converter option 070h 071h RTC and CMOS memory 0 Not installed 1 Option installed 000h 06Fh Internal 386EX peripherals A D Converter status Table 10 TS 2800 I O Map Table 11 TS 2800 Control Registers All signals are read only through bit O of the address Appendix F BIOS Interrupt Functions We have extended the standard BIOS interrupts with several functions that simplify interfacing with the TS 2800 hardware Many books are available with detailed information on using interrupts with just about any language Example code is also available on the utility disk Int 15h Function B000h Technologic Systems BIOS information This function is mostly for our own internal use but may be useful for user programs as well For example your program could have debugging code that executes on your desktop machine but does not when the program is executing on the TS 2800 ENTRY AX BO00h EXIT CY 0 carry flag AH 0 AL SP_VERSION For standard versions of the BIOS this is O An SP number is assigned when custom modifications are made to the BIOS for a client and it is returned in this registe
9. AA td a 10 O y AA NO 10 6 2 DIO2 Header A a a ec 10 7 LC DIINTEREAGE ass anat hors okt oie el A A ak lo A 11 8 AIDS CONVERTER coca sia 12 8 1 Single Sample Acquisition Procedure cccccnnnnnncccnnnnccnnnonccnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnrnnnnnnnnns 12 8 2 AD Converter BIOS Call ccoo A di dd E di 12 9 10BASE T ETHERNET PORT cccccccccccccecueeceecuueeceecueecceeeueeceeeauecececaueeeeeeueuceeeaueeeeeaueeeeesaeeceueaneesensanes 13 10 REAL TIME CLOCK 2 0 00 ccc ccccccccccccccccccueeceecueeceeeueuceeeaueceeecaueceeecueeceeeaueeeeeeaueeeesaeuceeesueeeecaueeeensageeeenanenees 14 11 WATGADOG HIMER ornato Sa na ua eu daa data ta au i at a a ta a Wt is Wats Mt i us ls na ata Wa Un ts na a 14 12 EEDAANDiWUMPERS 2tsiscihesetecetedadacadadadamededadaosdacaiamadacatacndsaansindacnteeadadatecmdadntscadamndsautarntaastacntaseducateancncadaaeas 14 13 PC 104 BUS EXPANSION ccccccccceeccccccceeceeseeeecceceeeeeaeeeeseceeeeeeesaseeseeeeeeeeeeeassaeeececeeeeeaasaaceeeeeseeeaaaanees 15 14 LOADING EXECUTING AND DEBUGGING PROGRAMS ccccccscccccceeeceeeeeeecceceeeeeaesseeeeeeeeeeeesaaaness 15 14 1 Zmodem POwnlOadS d 15 14 2 Manutacturing Mode 3 ii eds 16 14 3 Integrated BIOS Debugger iii di 16 15 VIDEO KEYBOARD AND CONSOLE REDIRECTION 0 cccccccccccesseeecceceeeeeeeseeeeceeeeaeseeeeeeeeeeeeeaaanness 17 16 FEEDBACK AND UPDATES TO THE MANUAL ccccccccceecc
10. BIOS incorporates a fairly complete set of INT10h video routines that work with the LCD Once the LCD has been enabled INT15h Func B042h Function Comments see Appendix F below the LCD can be written to using LCD 5V the standard BIOS routines This includes the majority of LCD GND PC languages such as C and C See the programs included on the utility Reg Select Buffered AO disk for examples sates 110112114 Bias 470 Ohm to GND LCD Enable Active high 73h are used to access Write Active low the LCD Figure 4 D1 shows the header pin out while Table 4 lists the LCD signals The section below will briefly describe the LCD DO interface signals I O addresses 72h and 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 Figure 4 LCD Header Pinout D3 The register select signal is simply the buffered AO D2 address line Thus reads and writes to 72h cause register select to be low and those to 73h cause it to be high Generally the LCD uses this line to separate data bytes D4 from command bytes See your LCD data sheet for D7 details DO D7 Buffered D5 bi directional data bus D6 The Write signal is an active low write enable line Table 4 LCD Header Signals LCD Select is an active high signal raised whenever the LCD addresses are being read or written DO D7 are bi directional buffered copies of the data bus and carry all data and commands to the LCD Table 4 is not the standard pin outs given for LCD disp
11. CONFIG SYS file in the root directory of drive A 4 2 Flash There is a total of 1 MB of Flash memory on the TS 2800 The top 128 KB of Flash are reserved for the BIOS and DOS ROM During POST they are copied from Flash into DRAM at addresses E0000h through FFFFFh for improved performance a standard technique known as BIOS Shadowing The remainder of the Flash memory 896 KB is used by a SSD solid state disk appearing as drive A The SSD is fully supported by the BIOS as an INT 13h drive The physical Flash memory is accessed by the BIOS through a 64 KB memory mapped window at addresses D0000h through DFFFFh If you are installing a PC 104 daughter card that uses memory mapped 1 0 it must not conflict with this address range The Flash memory is guaranteed capable of a minimum of 100 000 write erase cycles This means that if you completely erase and rewrite the SSD drive 10 times a day you have over 27 years before any problems would occur Reading the SSD produces no wear at all 4 3 Flash Expansion If 896 KB of Flash is insufficient for your application an empty 32 pin socket is available for Flash expansion using an M Systems DiskOnChip 2000 or DiskOnChip Millennium Flash Drive This product is a wonder of miniaturization it is a complete Flash SSD in a single 32 pin package currently available in sizes from 4 MB up to 144 MB The DiskOnChip is available from Technologic Systems as well as other distributors It is compatible with DO
12. ED will cycle on and off at approximately 1 2 Hertz While data is being transferred it will cycle much more rapidly anywhere from 5 to 1000 Hertz NOTE The Manufacturing Mode driver does not work correctly with Windows 9X 95 98 Please use the Zmodem method if you are using Windows 9X 14 3 Integrated BIOS Debugger To provide simple direct access to the TS 2800 hardware the system BIOS has an integrated debugger that can perform standard low level debugger functions The debugger allows you to perform operations such as disassemble code display and alter the contents of memory write to and read from I O ports and single step through or breakpoint code The debugger is not intended for use as the only debugging tool for applications but it can be a real lifesaver when you need interactive direct access to hardware The BIOS debugger can be entered by any of several methods e The debugger hooks the CPU exception vectors in case a divide by zero occurs an invalid opcode is executed or an INT 3 instruction is executed for example By placing an INT 3 instruction in your application code the debugger will automatically be invoked To resume type the G command to GO or continue on with the rest of initialization 16 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems e From DOS ROM by typing INT3 at the command prompt If the full command com interpreter is running this is an internal command If only mini command com
13. IP source code for DOS 3 Power The TS 2800 requires regulated 5VDC at 700mA typical A quick release screw down terminal block for the 5V power and power GND connections is provided for easy connection to an external power supply When power is first supplied to the TS 2800 the board mounted LED labeled D2 is immediately turned on under hardware control Once the processor begins execution the LED is turned off under software control If the LED does not turn on at all the most likely problem is the power supply Check that the 5V and GND connections are not reversed A diode protects the board against damage in such a situation but it will not run Please note that supply voltages over 6VDC may damage the TS 2800 Be sure to use a regulated 5VDC power supply 6 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems 4 Memory 4 1 DRAM The TS 2800 has a total of 8 Megabytes MB of DRAM providing 640 Kilobytes KB of base memory 7 MB of extended memory and 128 KB of shadow RAM for the BIOS and DOS ROM This is identical to a standard PC memory map The Flash SSD is the exception see below for details As shipped the 7 MB of extended memory are used as a RAM disk by the vdisk sys device driver The RAM disk is accessible as drive C if the DiskOnChip Flash disk is not installed drive D if it is The size of the disk can be changed to provide extended memory for an application or simply removed entirely by editing the
14. S as shipped and drivers for other operating systems such as Linux are available When using the DiskOnChip it will simply appear as drive C The DiskOnChip is accessed through an 8 KB range of CEOOOh through CFFFFh in memory space If you are installing a PC 104 daughter card that uses memory mapped I O it must not conflict with this address range if the DiskOnChip is installed Additionally in a DOS environment the DiskOnChip firmware uses approximately 20 KB of user RAM below 640 KB 4 4 Battery Backed SRAM The 32 pin socket can also optionally hold 32 KB of battery backed CMOS SRAM memory This or the DiskOnChip may be installed but not both Battery backed SRAM provides non volatile memory with unlimited write cycles and no write time degradation unlike Flash memory The SRAM uses an additional 32 KB range of C8000h through CFFFFh If the SRAM is installed PC 104 daughter card that uses memory mapped I O must not conflict with this address range The SRAM can be utilized as a RAM disk drive C by the TsRAMDSK Sys device driver The device driver can be added or removed and the SRAM accessed directly by editing the associated line in the conFIG Sys file in the root directory of drive A Please see the BIOS DOS User s Manual for further information on TSRAMDSK SYS 7 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems I O 75h bit O can be read to determine whether the SRAM option is installed a 1 in bit O indicat
15. S12887 Data Sheet Intel 386EX User s Guide http developer intel com design intarch manuals 272485 htm Maxim Integrated Products http www maxim ic com National Semiconductor NS16C450 Data Sheet Omen Technologies http www omen com PC 104 Consortium Web Site http www pc104 org Waterloo TCP IP Software WATTCP http www wattcp com Appendix J Manual Revisions 05 21 09 Updated mailing address 4 17 01 e updated Appendix D incorrect system memory map 03 16 01 e updated Appendix C incorrect jumper descriptions 11 06 00 e updated URL to Intel s 386EX User s Guide 10 02 00 e updated board dimensions e added table for JP8 to JP12 09 01 99 e New Manual 24 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems 25 05 21 09
16. TS 2800 User s Manual a AA waa Technologic TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems a Technolo ogic S Y S T EMS Technologic Systems Incorporated 16525 East Laser Drive Fountain Hills AZ 85268 480 837 5200 FAX 837 5300 info embeddedx86 com http www embeddedx86 com This revision of the manual is dated May 21 2009 All modifications from previous versions are listed in the appendix Copyright O 1998 2000 by Technologic Systems Inc All rights reserved ii 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems Limited Warranty Technologic Systems warrants this product to be free of defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of purchase During this warranty period Technologic Systems will repair or replace the defective unit in accordance with the following instructions e Contact Technologic Systems and obtain a Return Material Authorization RMA number and a copy of the RMA form e Fill out the RMA form completely and include it and dated proof of purchase with the defective unit being returned Clearly print the RMA number on the outside of the package This limited warranty does not cover damages resulting from lighting or other power surges misuse abuse abnormal conditions of operation or attempts to alter or modify the function of the product This warranty is limited to the repair or replacement of the defective unit In no event shall Technologic Systems be liabl
17. Technologic Systems Note Because the serial ports are internal to the 386EX COM1 and COM2 can still use IRQ4 and IRQ3 even when the associated pins P3 1 and P3 0 are configured as DIO pins DIO1 11 and DIO1 12 the interrupts are simply no longer available on the PC 104 bus Appendix H Using A 12 5 MHz Baud Clock Each serial port baud rate generator clock can be independently switched between either the standard 1 85 MHz clock or a 12 5 MHz clock the internal processor clock divided by 2 Changing the clock to 12 5 MHz allows baud rates higher than 115 kbaud up to 781 kbaud as well as low error non standard lower baud rates such as 24 kbaud The baud rate clock is controlled by I O location OF836h Bit O controls COM1 Bit 1 controls COM2 Setting a bit to O uses the standard 1 85 MHz clock and setting a bit to 1 uses the 12 5 MHz processor clock NOTE You must not modify the other bits of this register You must use a read modify write procedure to change these bits The following example in assembly illustrates this MOV DX 0F836 load the I O address IN AL DX read the configuration register OR AL 0000000l1b switch COM1 to the 12 5 MHz clock OUT DX AL write the register Neo Seo Ne Ne Appendix Further References Technologic Systems Web Site http www embeddedx86 com Crystal CS8900A Ethernet Controller Overview http www cirrus com en products pro detail P46 html Dallas Semiconductor D
18. ad Returns status of TX485EN pin A read at I O location 76h bit O will return a 1 when the Table 3 TS 2800 Control Registers All signals are RS 485 option is installed read only through bit O of the address 5 4 Adding Serial Ports If your project requires more than two serial ports additional ports may be added via the PC 104 expansion bus Technologic Systems currently offers a 2 serial 1 parallel port card and other manufacturers sell cards with up to four additional serial ports Typically these would be configured as COM3 or COMA or be assigned other non standard I O locations Because DOS only directly supports four serial ports any additional ports beyond four will require software drivers The PC 104 bus has IRQ3 4 5 6 7 or 9 available for additional serial ports If IRQ3 or 4 are to be used on a PC 104 expansion card then care must be taken since COM2 and COM 1 also use these IRQs respectively For example if IRQ4 is used for COM3 then either COM1 must be used in a non interrupt fashion or only one COM port can have the interrupt enabled at a time In any case only one 9 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems COM should have the Interrupt Enable Bit 3 of Modem Control Reg set at any one time if they share the same IRQ This is a standard issue with the PC architecture A better solution is to simply use interrupts other than 3 or 4 for additional serial ports 5 5 Synchronous Serial Port The Int
19. ally be displayed on a video screen is now displayed in your terminal window and any serial data sent to the TS 2800 is seen as standard keyboard input by programs Please note that the console redirection support is limited by the fact that there is no actual video or keyboard hardware on the TS 2800 Programs must use the standard BIOS routines for display and keyboard input which are rerouted to the serial port Any program that accesses the video or key board hardware directly will not work Keyboard redirection is limited simply because most of the extended keys on the keyboard function keys and Alt key in particular are not sent by the terminal emulator For these reasons the console redirection feature is meant more for system development testing and field repair rather than as the primary user interface for a finished product If your application uses COM2 removing the jumper JP2 easily disables console redirection If you wish to use a different serial port and or baud rate for the console the CONSOLE EXE utility allows these modifications to be made Please see the appropriate application notes for further details available on the utility disk or from the Technologic Systems web site If a video board is installed on the PC 104 bus the video BIOS on the graphics card will automatically replace the standard video routines INT10h disabling both the LCD display and the display redirection keyboard redirection wil
20. e TS 2800 while using console redirection from within your terminal emulator and begin the transfer with your terminal emulator In HyperTerminal this is Send File from the Transfer menu To upload a file from the TS 2800 to your host PC execute UL BAT lt FILENAME gt at the DOS command line on the TS 2800 and start the transfer in your terminal emulator Many emulators HyperTerminal among them will automatically begin the transfer themselves 15 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems Occasionally there may be errors in transmission due to background solid state disk operations This is not a problem Zmodem uses very accurate CRC checks to detect errors and simply resends bad data Once the file transfer is complete the file is completely error free Please note that the utility used to perform Zmodem file transfers on the TS 2800 side is called DSZ produced by Omen Technologies DSZ is shareware it is not free If you decide to use it you are legally obligated to pay Omen Technologies Currently the cost is 20 Further info is available in the DSZ zip file located on the utility disk and contact info for Omen Technologies is in Appendix E 14 2 Manufacturing Mode The TS 2800 has a special feature called Manufacturing Mode which makes the on board Flash SSD appear as just another drive on your desktop computer using a DOS device driver and a serial cable First connect a null modem cable between COM2 on t
21. e or responsible for any loss or damages including but not limited to any lost profits incidental or consequential damages loss of business or anticipatory profits arising from the use or inability to use this product Repairs made after the expiration of the warranty period are subject to a flat rate repair charge and the cost of return shipping Please contact Technologic Systems to arrange for any repair service ili 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems Table Of Contents EIMITED ARAN AV catsict sts centcta a a A A A A AE EAEN E A AEA AE A A A A AC A A AE EARE III 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 icactaincatacanntamacaneid REAA OAA OAA ATAA AAO OAA AA AOO AAO RRA 6 2 PO COMPATIR Tc a aa dla das AOL o 6 3 POWER 25 A a A A AA AA AE 6 4 MEMORY tion a ee ee ee 7 ALT DRAM iii a a dt A bd E dd 7 42 E siete tic asses Sc A ee to ee a eee ee ee Se ee ee ee ee es 7 4 3 Flash Expanslonre c 2 2cc5s 42284 ceb is cect Wes dea he A ne ago eee eee 7 4 4 Battery BackEd SRA Miu tas 7 5 SERIAL PORTS nit daar achiaisesaaannanaanantenadananananadad sachatabansahonasananatdeadaashehanadsmdnanadnedaanateamaan 8 5 1 Serial Port Configuration Registers ccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeeeeeeseeeeeaaeeeeeeeeeeeesaeeeeees 8 5 2 Serial Port Hardware id A ls Re E 8 SRE E E E 9 E E No o Ae Rea A maoa E PAE A A E E A A E ee E 9 55 SynchronausiS erial Pom E beanies oi sidan a id 10 6 DIGA VO iia A AAA A
22. e user LED and option jumper JP3 Please see Appendix C for further details and the utility disk for example code 14 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Signal Name D7 through DO IOCHRDY EN A19 through AO GND GND RESETDRV 5V IRQ9 SMEMW SMEMR IOW IOR 13 PC 104 Bus Expansion The PC 104 is a compact implementation of the PC AT ISA bus ideal for embedded applications Designers benefit from using an already developed standard rather than creating their own Further the presence of a compact form factor PC compatible standard has encouraged the development of a broad array of off the shelf products allowing a very quick time to market for new products The electrical specification for the PC 104 expansion bus is identical to the PC ISA bus The mechanical Technologic Systems Signal Name IOCHCHK 5V DRQ2 12V ENDXFR 12V DACK3 DRQ3 DACK1 DRQ1 REFRESH DACK2 TC SYSCLK 8 33 MHz IRQ7 IRQ6 IRQ5 IRQ4 IRQ3 BALE 5V specification allows for the very Table 7 Unsupported PC 104 Signals compact implementation of the ISA bus tailor made for embedded systems The full PC 104 specification is available from the IEEE Standards Office under IEEE P996 1 see Appendix E for further information Basically this bus allows multiple daughter boards in a 3 6 inch by 3 8 inch form factor to be added in a ase self stacking bus Since the electrical specs are identical excep
23. eeceeeceeeeueeeeeeueeeeecueueesueueeeeuueeeeesaeeeeenaaenees 17 APPENDIX A BOARD DIAGRAM AND DIMENSIONS occccccooccccononcccnonononccnnnccononononnnonononnnonarcnnonannnononenanananenons 18 APPENDIX B OPERATING CONDITIONS ccccccccceccccceeeeeeecueeceeeaueceeeeueeceeeueeseeeaueeeeueaeeeeseueeeeesaneeeeeeaneened 18 APPENDIX C JP JUMPER BEOGK ei tects sietvesiiesvebe iat idia aad hia aaa hia aaa Sa ag daa 19 APPENDIX D SYSTEM MEMORY MAP ccccccecccccceecceeceeeeceecueeceeecueuceeeuueeeeueaueeeusaeueeeeaueeeueaeeeeeusagneeenaneeees 20 APPENDIX E SYSTEM VO MAP vscsteicoatscelaacdstalaiecstahadcashsncdesshancdesehancgedshaced shehaccaansdacaaanshecedaachoasdaaahensdaaanencdads 21 APPENDIX F BIOS INTERRUPT FUNCTIONS 0cccccccceccccceeecceecueeceeeaueeceesaeeeeeeeaeeeeeeaueeseesaueeeusaeeeeenaneeees 21 Int 15h Function BOOOh Technologic Systems BIOS information cccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeess 21 Int 15h Function BO10h LED Control ooccccccnnccccccccnccnnnccccononnncnnnnncnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnns 22 Int 15h Function BO42h Alphanumeric LCD Support occccccccccccccccccconononnnononnnnnnnnnnnn nr rr rr 22 Int 15h Function BO50h A D Converter ContrOl ooccccccncccccconcccnnncccnononncnnnnnnnnononnncnnnnnnnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnns 22 APPENDIX G DIRECT CONTROL OF THE 386EX DIO PINS
24. el 386EX also has a synchronous serial port that can provide bidirectional serial communications There are four signals that support this port SSIOTX TX data SSIORX RX data STXCLK TX clock and SRXCLK RX clock These signals are connected to the DIO1 Header See Section 6 These signals are multiplexed with some of the COM2 handshake lines The default configuration for these pins is for the COM2 handshake function Please consult the Intel 386 EX manual for details of reconfiguring these lines for synchronous operation Appendix When configured as a synchronous serial port either the TX or RX channel can originate the clocking signal or receive an external clocking signal There is a great deal of flexibility and many modes of operation Please consult the Intel 386EX manual for further details 6 Digital 1 O 6 1 DIO1 Header The DIO1 port provides 5V GND and 12 digital I O lines that may P3 2 14 13 IRQ5 P3 3 be used to interface the TS 2800 with a wide range of external IRQ4 P3 0 12 11 IRQ3 P3 1 devices Additional digital I O is available on the DIO2 header These PTR2 SRXCLK 10 9 RI2 SRXD signals are connected directly to the 386EX and several have DSR2 STAGES 58 7 RTS2 STXB multiple functions For example DIO pins 6 11 12 and 13 are by i 615 dea default IRQ7 IRQ3 IRQ4 and IRQ5 respectively By setting configu ean gt gt a ration registers in the 386EX these pi
25. es that it is installed a O that it is not 5 Serial Ports The two PC compatible asynchronous serial ports provide a means to communicate with external serial devices such as printers modems etc Each is independently configured as a standard PC COM port which is compatible with the National Semiconductor NS16C450 COM1 appears in the I O space at 3F8h 3FFh and uses IRQ4 COM2 is located at 2F8h 2FFh and uses IRQ3 The COM ports use a master clock of 1 8519 MHz as compared to a standard clock of 1 8432 MHz This results in an error for all baud rates of 0047 less than The error is insignificant and this clock value allows standard baud rate selections for example a divisor of 12 yields 9600 baud By changing an internal configuration register in the 386EX the serial clock can be switched to 12 5 MHz the processor clock divided by 2 This feature allows baud rates higher than 115 Kbaud up to 781 Kbaud as well as low error non standard lower baud rates such as 24 Kbaud See Appendix F for further information The COM ports may also be configured to use a DMA channel which is handy when very high baud rates are being used When enabled a DMA request is issued any time a serial port s receive buffer is full or its transmit buffer is empty This allows higher speed operation with much lower CPU overhead See the Intel 386EX User s Manual for further details 5 1 Serial Port Configuration Registers Because bo
26. he TS 2800 and COM1 or COM2 of your desktop computer Next the TS 2800 must be placed in Manufacturing Mode To do so install jumper JP1 and power cycle the unit Manufacturing Mode will automatically start once the POST routines have been executed At this point the TS 2800 will simply sit and wait for serial packets to arrive from a host Now install the Manufacturing Mode driver on your desktop computer To do so simply copy the MFGDRV SyYS device driver from the utility disk to anywhere on your desktop machine s hard drive Then insert the following line in your CONFIG SYS file and reboot DEVICE lt PATH gt MFGDRV SYS UNIT 0 BAUD 38K PORT COMX Where lt PATH gt is the full path to the location where you copied the MFGDRV SYS driver and X is the port on your host PC that the null modem cable is connected to 1 or 2 The Flash SSD drive should now appear on the next free drive letter on your desktop computer usually the D or E drive Simply copy your program onto the drive and that s it You can create directories edit files and even execute programs on your desktop computer over the Manufacturing Mode link just the way you would with a regular disk drive just a bit more slowly When you are finished turn off the TS 2800 remove the jumper and turn it back on Your program will now execute every time the TS 2800 is turned on While Manufacturing Mode is in operation the board LED provides feedback While idle the L
27. ial features that differentiate your product Technologic Systems can provide technical support as well as a free quotation for any custom hardware software or BIOS modifications you may require This manual is fairly short This is because for the most part the TS 2800 is a standard 80386 based PC compatible computer and there are hundreds of books about writing software for the PC platform The purpose of this manual is documenting where the TS 2800 differs from a standard PC 2 PC Compatibility PC compatibility requires much more than just a 386 processor It requires PC compatible memory and I O maps as well as a PC compatible BIOS The General Software EMBEDDED BIOS offers a high degree of compatibility with past and present BIOS standards allowing it to run off the shelf operating systems and application software The EMBEDDED BIOS has been tested with all major versions of DOS including MS DOS DR DOS and Embedded DOS 6 XL all major versions of OS 2 including MS OS 2 and IBM OS 2 MS Windows 3 1 Windows 95 Windows NT and NetWare 386 Technologic Systems Embedded PCs are compatible with a wide variety of x86 based operating systems A partial list OSes currently used with our boards by customers includes e GNU Linux kernel versions 1 0 x 2 0 x and 2 2 x TNT Embedded Toolsuite Phar Lap Software RTKernel On Time Software RTEMS On Line Applications Research Corporation DOS with Waterloo TCP WATTCP public domain TCP
28. in can be read as input at I O location 77h bit O Pins 9 and 11 are open drain active low outputs that drive the Ethernet Link and LAN LEDs The default configuration is for these to be driven by the Ethernet controller to indicate network presence and activity These can be reprogrammed to be general purpose outputs For more information regarding these 2 lines please consult the Cirrus Logic CS8900A Users see Appendix Note DIO2 pin 14 P1 3 is also shared with user jumper JP3 If user jumper JP3 is being used then DIO2 pin 14 should be left not connected 10 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems For further information on configuration and use of these pins See Appendix G 7 LCD Interface A 14 pin LCD connector is provided on the TS 2800 for interfacing with standard alphanumeric LCD displays These displays use a common controller the Hitachi HD44780 or equivalent While software written for the HD44780 will work with all displays using the controller the cable needed is dependent on the display used For most displays a straight through type ribbon cable can be used The connector on the LCD display is typically mounted on the backside of the display Warning using an incorrect cable or mounting the LCD connector on the front side can result in a reverse power polarity and can damage the LCD display Please refer to your LCD data sheets for in depth information The TS 2800
29. l continue If the console redirection jumper JP2 is also removed the keyboard redirection is disabled as well 16 Feedback and Updates to the Manual To help our customers make the most of our products we are continually making additional and updated resources available on the Technologic Systems web site These include manuals application notes programming examples and updated software and firmware Check in periodically to see what s new When we are prioritizing work on these updated resources feedback from customers and prospective customers is the number one influence If you have questions comments or concerns about your TS 2800 Embedded PC please let us know Details for contacting us are listed in the front of this manual 17 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems Appendix A Board Diagram and Dimensions A 10Base T Ethernet Onc TS 2 Pin Socket 3 600 Figure 7 Board Dimensions Appendix B Operating Conditions Operating Temperature 0 to 70 C Extended temperature ranges are available Operating Humidity 0 to 90 relative humidity non condensing 18 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Appendix C JP Jumper Block Table 8 lists option jumpers 1 through 7 and their Jumper functions These jumpers are clearly labeled on the upper edge of the board see Appendix A above Table 9 lists option jumpers 8 through 12 These jumpers configure the 32 pin socket in four
30. lays But this pin out allows a standard ribbon cable to be used when the ribbon cable is attached to the backside of the LCD 11 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems 8 A D Converter The TS 2800 supports an optional eight channel 12 bit A D converter ADC capable of 60 000 samples per second Each channel is independently software programmable for a variety of analog input ranges 10V to 10V 5V to 5V OV to 10V or OV to 5V This allows an effective dynamic range of 14 bits Each channel is overvoltage tolerant from 16V to 16V a fault condition on any channel I O Address Action will not affect the conversion result of the selected 76h Write Initiate A D Conversion channel This is all accomplished with a 5V only 78h Read LSB of Conversion power supply no negative supply voltage is required 79h Read MSB of Conversion The Maxim MAX197 chip can be replaced with a 7Dh Read Bit 0 1 if A D option installed MAX199 chip if a lower range of analog input levels 7Eh Read Bit 0 1 when Conversion completed is required 4V to 4V 2V to 2V OV to 4V and OV Table 5 A D registers to 2V i Description Details B RETA Analog channel select Channels 0 7 8 1 Single Sample Acquisition A Unipolar Bipolar 0 Unipolar i e O to Procedure 5V An acquisition is initiated by writing to I O aa i e 5 to location 78h The value written to I O location 78h determines the channel to convert bits 0 2
31. ns can be individually changed to general purpose I O GPIO as high impedance inputs open drain outputs or complementary outputs Note that these same signals are also connected directly to the PC 104 bus if a pin is configured as GPIO then the associated IRQ will not be available for PC 104 expansion cards Figure 2 DIO1 Header Pinout DIO pins 7 10 can be configured as a synchronous serial port supporting baud rates to 6 25Mbaud These pins are COM2 handshake lines by default that can be also used as GPIO DIO pins 3 4 5 and 14 are always GPIO they do not have secondary functions All digital outputs can source or sink up to 8mA All digital inputs have standard TTL level thresholds For further information on configuration and use of these pins See Appendix G 6 2 DIO2 Header Up to 13 additional DIO lines are available on the DIO2 Header Pins P1 3 14 13 IRQ6 P3 4 1 3 5 and 7 are digital inputs with 10K Ohm pull up resistors that can TX485EN 12 11 LinkLED be read at I O location 77h bits 1 4 Pin 4 is a Digital output that ae 19 ee drives the TS 2800 LED Pins 6 8 13 and 14 are i386EX ie 6 15 11n2077 programmable I O lines Pin 10 is a fixed input that can be read LED ON 4 13 IN3 77 inverted polarity at the COM2 Status Reg I O location 2FEh bit 7 GND 2 14 11N4077 Pin 12 is the signal that enables the RS 485 Transmit driver If the Figure 3 DIO2 Header Pinout RS 485 option is not installed this p
32. or other operating systems and network protocols are available from both the Technologic Systems and Cirrus Logic web sites see Appendix 13 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems 10 Real Time Clock The Dallas Semiconductor DS12887 is used for the PC compatible battery backed real time clock It is a completely self contained module that includes a Motorola 146818 compatible clock chip the 32 768 kHz crystal the lithium battery and 114 bytes of battery backed CMOS RAM It is guaranteed to maintain clock operation for a minimum of 10 years in the absence of power It is located at the standard PC I O addresses of Hex 070 and 071 The top 32 bytes index 60h through 7Fh are not used by the BIOS and are available for user applications 11 Watchdog Timer The Intel 386EX contains a 32 bit watchdog timer WDT unit that can be used in two different modes to effect a watchdog supervisory function In either mode a system reset is asserted when the WDT times out preventing a system hanging due to a software bug To prevent a WDT timeout the application must periodically feed the WDT by writing to specific I O locations The 32 bit down counter allows timeout values as high as 160 seconds The general purpose timer mode is more flexible in that the timeout values can be changed dynamically and the timer can be turned on and off under software control The disadvantage of this mode is that it doesn t provide 100 pro
33. r Contact us for further information BH BIOS Version Major Number E g If the current BIOS version is 1 25 the register will contain 01h BL BIOS Version Minor Number E g If the current BIOS version is 1 25 the register will contain 19h 19h 25 decimal CH Base Flash Memory Size 512kB The TS 2800 is available with 1024kB of base Flash memory standard but this can be increased to 2048 KB for custom orders These would be returned as 02h or 04h respectively CL 1Ch This is the hardware model number 1Ch 28 decimal DX TS 5453h 21 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems Int 15h Function B010h LED Control This function is used to turn the board LED on and off You can also invert the LED i e if the LED is off it will be turned on and if it is on it will be turned off ENTRY AX B010h BH 00 LED off 01 LED on 81 LED invert EXIT CY 0 carry flag AH _ 00 Int 15h Function B042h Alphanumeric LCD Support This routine enables and disables the console on the LCD interface It supports all LCD displays sized 2 x 40 or smaller using a Hitachi HD44780 controller ENTRY AX B042h BH 00 Disable LCD 01 Enable LCD 02 Return current LCD status EXIT CY Setif error else clear if success carry flag AH 00 No Error LCD initialized OK BH 00 LCD currently disabled Not present 01 LCD currently enabled and running Int 15h Function B050h A D
34. r See Table 6 113l15 719111113115 EXIT Figure 5 ADC Header Pinout CY 0 no error AH 0 No Error 1 bad subfunction 2 bad input registers i e if BL bit 5 set 3 ADC option not present I O 7Dh bit O 0 4 Hardware error A D timeout BX A D Conversion value 12 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual Technologic Systems 9 10Base T Ethernet Port The TS 2800 has full function IEEE 802 3 Ethernet capability 10 Mbit sec provided by a Cirrus Logic CS8900A Ethernet controller The CS8900A is a single chip 16 bit Ethernet controller that includes such features as full duplex operation power saving shutdown modes and LED indicators for link status and activity The physical interface is 10Base T RJ45 connector The TS 2800 has both a LINK LED and a LAN LED that indicates the current ethernet status The LINK LED labeled D4 is active when valid ethernet link pulses are detected This LED should be ON whenever the TS 2800 is powered on and properly connected to a 10BaseT Ethernet network The LAN LED labeled D3 should pulse ON briefly when any network traffic is detected This includes all traffic not just that sent to or from the TS 2800 Both of these LEDs are controlled by the CS8900A and do not require initialization Additionally the LEDs can be placed under software control allowing the customer application use of the LEDs for feedback Please see the CS8900A User Manual Appendix for further details A
35. r an open drain output a zero results in a actively driven low on the pin a one results in a high impedance input state at the pin To configure a pin as an input write a one to the corresponding PL bit A one results in a high impedance state at the pin allowing external hardware to drive it Reading this register returns the value in the register not the actual pin state P1PIN OF860h Port n Pin State POTIS OFS 70N Each bit of this read only register reflects the state of the associated pin read only Reading this register returns the current pin state value regardless of the pin s mode and direction Table 12 386EX I O Port Registers In the default configuration P1 5 P1 0 and P3 6 are all initialized as inputs while P3 0 P3 1 and P3 3 are initialized as peripherals IRQ4 IRQ3 and IRQ5 Warning When changing these registers always use read modify write procedures so that other port pins used by on board peripherals are not affected For example let s say you want to use 386EX Port 3 1 DIO1 pin 11 as an output rather than IRQ3 the default configuration 1 Read P3CFG I O F824h AND it with OFDh write it back to F824h changes from peripheral to I O pin 2 Read P3DIR I O F874h AND it with OFDh write it back to F874h this made it a complementary output 3 To set this pin to a 1 Read P3LTC I O F872h OR it with 02h write it back 23 05 21 09 TS 2800 User s Manual
36. ser s Manual Technologic Systems In 1 O mode register bits control the direction input or output of each pin and the value of each output pin In peripheral mode the internal peripheral controls the operation input or output of the pin Each port has three control registers and a status register associated with it The control registers PnCFG PnDIR and PnLTC can be both read and written The status register PnPIN can only be read All four registers reside in I O address space Register I O Address Description P1CFG OF820h Port n Mode Configuration ESCES OPOZAN Each bit controls the mode of the associated pin read write 0 Selects I O mode 1 Selects peripheral mode P1DIR OF864h Port n Direction P3DIR 0F874h Each bit controls the direction of a pin that is in I O mode If a pin is in read write peripheral mode this value is ignored 0 Configures a pin as a complementary output 1 Configures a pin as either an input or an open drain output P1LTC OF862h Port n Data Latch P3LTO 0F972h Each bit contains data to be driven on to an output pin that is in I O mode read write Write the desired pin state value to this register If a pin is in peripheral mode this value is ignored Writing a value to a PL bit causes that value to be driven onto the corresponding pin For a complementary output write the desired pin value to its PL bit This value is actively driven high or low onto the pin Fo
37. t for END drive levels to a standard PC ISA bus standard peripherals such as GND COM ports Ethernet video LCD drivers and Flash drives may be easily Table 6 Supported PC 104 added using standard drivers Signals The TS 2800 implements a sub set of the 8 bit version of the PC 104 these signals are also bus We have found this allows the support of the vast majority of connected to the DIO port PC 104 boards including all of the above mentioned examples The one feature missing is DMA which few PC 104 boards use PC 104 expansion cards must not connect to these pins See Appendix A for information on PC 104 pin numbering 14 Loading Executing and Debugging Programs Two methods are available for transferring files between a desktop PC and your TS 2800 Zmodem downloads and Manufacturing Mode Full descriptions of each are detailed below To make your program automatically execute at power up just edit the AUTOEXEC BAT file on the Flash SSD drive and replace the name of the factory test program EPC DIAG EXE with yours 14 1 Zmodem Downloads Using the Zmodem protocol to send files to and from the TS 2800 is simple and straightforward The only requirement is a terminal emulation program that supports Zmodem and virtually all do If you are using Windows 9X for your development work the HyperTerminal accessory works well To download a file to the TS 2800 from your host PC execute DL BAT at the DOS command line on th
38. tection because a bug could turn off the timer during a crash and the system would hang The software secure watchdog mode utilizes a lockout sequence to set a WDTEN bit in the watch dog status register Once this bit is set only a system reset can clear this bit When WDTEN is set it is not possible to change the WDT timeout value or to turn off the WDT This provides a high level of assurance against errant software causing a system to hang For details see the Intel 386EX User Manual 12 LED and Jumpers The TS 2800 has three LEDs available for user software The user LED labeled D2 can be used for diagnostics status messages and simple output This signal is also available as a digital output on the DIO2 port When power is first supplied to the TS 2800 the user LED is immediately turned on under hardware control Once the processor begins execution the LED is turned off then flashed on and off again briefly After boot this LED is reserved solely for user applications LEDs D3 and D4 are controlled by the CS8900A Ethernet Controller and provide feedback on the status of the network See Section 9 above for details If the user LED does not turn on at all when power is applied the most likely problem is the power supply Check that the 5V and GND connections are not reversed A diode protects the board against damage in such a situation but it will not run BIOS interrupt functions are used to interface software with th
39. terminal block See the table below for pin outs Note the correct jumper must be installed See the next table for details Fail safe bias resistors are used to bias both the X and X lines to the correct state when these lines are not being actively driven This installed Half duplex RS 485 is an important consideration since in a typical RS 485 installation the drivers are frequently tri stated If fail safe bias resistors are not Pee RS 232 present the 485 bus will be floating and very small amounts of noise can cause spurious characters at the receivers A 1 2KQ resistor is used to pull the X signal to 5V and another 1 2KQ resistor pulls the X signal to ground Termination resistors are also required for reliable operation particularly when running long distances Termination resistors should only be installed at each end of an RS 485 transmission line In a multi drop application where there are several drivers and or receivers attached only the devices at each end of the transmission line pair should have termination resistors JP7 Receiver Source Table 2 COM1 Receiver Source Installing JP6 adds a 100 termination resistor to the RS 485 line vO R W Bit 0 Description eee Address When the RS 485 option is installed jumper JP7 76h Read RS 485 option enables the RS 485 receiver to drive the COM1 UART 0 Not installed When JP7 is not installed the RS 232 receiver drives 1 Option installed the COM1 UART 77h Re
40. th serial ports are 100 PC compatible software written for the PC that accesses serial ports directly or through standard BIOS calls will work without modification on the TS 2800 The details of the COM port internal registers are available in most PC documentation books or the data sheet for the National Semiconductor NS16C450 may be consulted 5 2 Serial Port Hardware Nc 70 5 GND Each serial port has 4 lines buffered the two data lines NC 9 4 DTR RTS out and the CTS RTS handshake pair This is quite suffi in CTS 8 3 TXdata out cient to interface with the vast majority of serial devices outl RTS 7 2 RXdata in NC 6 1 NC The serial lines are routed to 10 pin headers labeled COM1 and COM2 A serial adapter cable can be plugged into the header to convert this into a standard DB9 male connector The pin out for the 10 pin header PLEASE NOTE The serial port headers and DB9 male connector are listed below The RTS use a non standard numbering scheme signal also drives the DTR pin on the serial ports DTR Thig was done some Header pins would ne a have the same numbering as the corre is always the same state as RTS In addition RTS is a f sponding DB 9 pin i e pin 8 CTS on also used to enable the RS 485 transmitter see below the header connects to pin 8 on the DB 9 for more details Figure 1 Serial Port Header and DB9 Pin out signal direction is in brackets 8 05 21 09 TS
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