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Scan and Share 1.07

1. Destination director Browse C XBooksy New TenesuHs HUE Image File Format i Comparer THF Tagged image File Forma m Sove os oio Save as multipage image if TIF format used C TIF Most scanners are supported by TWAIN drivers for other scanners you may need special drivers Here you can choose how to number the scanned files where to store them and in which format to save them As shown the files will be named page0001 tif page0002 tif etc You should select TIFF as the image format Do not use JPEG as the output format Click on Options to the right of Save as field This will set the options for the TIFF format TIFF ET TIFF Bes For Black white images only n LAW C2 Huffman ALE Huffman RLE Packhits CO CCITT Fax 3 Packbits C CCITT Fax 3 O JPEG CO CCITT Fax 4 OZP JPEG CCITT Fax 4 C ZIP l
2. Tungpcc Tentai Crum bonus v Cire Ezeaure KOMEN apu gt Conca rp c The second way to add hyperlinks is semi automatic using the program DJVU Hyperlinks Editor Run the program and you will see the following window T pjVu Hyperlinks Editor v 0 76 jag Tun ad 794 no 802 _ 1 l fe uo t no Ha mailto eu sh imail ru First you need to specify options for the hyperlinks Then you need to specify the page range inwhich the table of contents is located in the DJVU file These are DJVU page numbers which may be different from the page numbers printed in the book and in the table of contents e g because there are some pages taken by the cover and by th
3. Save palette for grayscale images default caes 5 ave all pages from original image You should select LZW compression this will cut the TIFF file size in two compared with no compression If you later find that you have com patibility problems with these TIFF files i e you later use a program that cannot open them then you need to change the compression method Important Do not use the JPEG compression method for black white text JPEG compression introduces digital artifacts that is funny looking shades around each letter see figure 2 It is pointless to use JPEG for black white images Now press OK and go to the TWAIN driver window for your scanner In the TWAIN window or other configuration window if you are not using TWAIN drivers set the resolution to 300dpi and the color mode to greyscale In some programs this is called 8 bit greyscale These are the most impor tant settings Some scanning programs do not allow you to set explicitly the resolution or the color mode instead they say something like Black white photo or web optimized quality Avoid these programs instead use some program that allows you to set specifically 300dpi and 8 bit greyscale If you are not sure that your settings are right you should try scanning one page save the file to disk as TIF and check the properties of the file in a graphics editor to make
4. V IOBMAX M IC IbHbIX TOEMKOCTCH JOB oe m a 3 Pageh alian pmo a bA EF p Av Myg 1 a Spec gaps L e T Rotate angle 0 special c xi 3381x2534 300 dpi 256 colors uncompressed 28 28 28 14 2159 In the example shown book was scanned with two pages per scan and apparently there was some skewing Our task now is to split to deskew and SAlso do not think that you will make your life easier from the legal point of view if you don t scan the publication information Please do not write email to Bolega asking for help for documentation for source code of ScanKromsator or for adding extra features Instead just learn to use it and make some good quality e books 10 will talk only about the bare minimum of ScanKromsator functions here Unfortu nately the ScanKromsator program does not yet have a comprehensive user s manual de scribing all the functions 13 to cut the page images so that every page has the same size and margins If your scan is single page you will not need to split but you will still need to deskew and cut This operation is called kromsating in the program 3 1 Draft run The first step is a draft processing run i e preparation for the final processing of the raw files Book Files
5. v Automargins pati B Page h align Civ Civ v align Aw Av Spec gaps L Rotate angle 0 E special eo b e 338142534 300 dpi 256 colors uncompressed 243 243 243 1228 1167 Note that there are now green tick marks in the page list top left column meaning that these pages have been draft kromsated successfully For each page you will see the blue lines across the page These lines are the cut ters that determine how the page image will be cut and split Note that the program attempts to determine automatically where to cut the margins and where to split a two page image into single pages In some cases the program may make a mistake and cut too much or too little in that case you will later be able to adjust the position of the cutters by hand 3 2 Set options The next important step is to go through the processing options and prepare for the main not draft run of ScanKromsator The processing options are set in the many different tabs in the toolbar left middle column Please note Each option can be set either to apply to all pages at once or only to the currently shown page To apply an option to all pages hold the Ctrl key while clicking the option box with the mouse In this way you can set some common options quickly for the entire task and then go to some problematic page and select other
6. Apply eMe uj Figure 11 The content rectangle is correct but very small see on left The default page alignment will flush this rectangle to the top of the page and center it which is not what is desired 45 Figure 12 An enlarged content rectangle left produces good page layout right like in the original printed page 46 Index A3 scanner 12 color plates 38 deskewing 11 DJVU 4 33 dictionary 34 OCR layer 36 rearrange pages 38 FineReader problems 5 illustrations 4 IrfanView 7 JPEG 8 digital artifacts 9 problems 8 kromsating 14 quality 3 4 ocanKromsator 5 13 cutters 15 draft run 14 main run 18 picture zones 18 scanning 11 12 disk space 12 greyscale 4 with digital camera 5 ScanTailor 5 19 TIFF 8 upsampling 4 18 using Linux 40 Vuescan 9 47
7. 2 1 Setting up IrfanView for scanning As an example we describe how to scan using IrfanView This program can be downloaded for free Scanning in other programs is quite similar Start IrfanView In the File menu press Choose TWAIN Source Choose the scanner that you need to use CanoScan 5000 5000F 8 0 32 32 D pticBaok 3600 1 0 32 32 wWIA DpticBook 3600 1 0 32 32 Then in the same menu choose Acquire Batch scan Acquire Batch S ing Set E Suus zii Acquire method es bus C Single image Show aquired image in viewer M Eose TWAIN diaca image Multiple images Batch mode Save aquired images as files Output file name 99 Starting index fi Increment fi Number of digits 4 Skip existing files if not multipage TIF 1 4
8. Optio Click the tab Files in the toolbar You get a dialog where you can set the output resolution very important to 600dpi the folder for storing the output files the output folder is a default the subdirectory out in the current directory and the way of numbering the output files prefix number of dig its starting number step Note the format for compressing Tecos the output files it s TIFF G4 encoding which is optimal for 99 gt black white TIFF images This will be the output format after sube awe w Color BAW processing To start the draft processing run click the button Draft kromsate bearing the pic togram of scissors which is located to the left of the Process button in the toolbar When you press the Draft kromsate but ton and you get the dialog shown at right o Draft kromsate Options Preprocess Advanced In this dialog you need to set tick marks on Preise o 7 Save after rotate Split pages and Safe top bottom The field Kromsate All means that the op tions are applied to all the pages If some pages do not need to be split you can se lect Kromsate Current and unset Split Cutting lines Left Aight nternals T ap Battam gt Split pages Ignore blank half page Safe top bottom Skip marked files Select specia
9. In tke majonty ice ie Candy problem under qosswesuww a parishi mpeztv Le the the eel dere on the right fir Hj tbe in consequence ihe solotions are priodi functions dr We shull conssler ihe more pec Cancby problem when initial given ab lume d 0 oS f T and iE tee Er dle sedium uir i ul ibe system 48 3 3 Dor all d 4 x 1 T iene pon te Ehe hitin eb the ila data wir oe d 4 Ti mmr that the probem hae tina eoletion lin ill itani af tire 3 d 1 T ai Ded alf eta lives of Es bs f appearing in Eq 1 1 2 eontinugus provided chert Che furection initial data wir f sells rmooth function of x Sock ution called Bsenobe the wr J ly will i s the parameter wed the hictiog nix Jj as the demint o a set ul mmtm od s ap diod t Ta this sense the one parameter eet of element iip oepami to the solution uir J ol The erstem 1 1 1 The oper ior AH and the fanctkm fjr 1 in Eg 1 0 8 ore denied bee i0 PUL respeciivehr Let xi be the al the lamaan Conchy problem Ufo 04 wilh ihal da a aif i Than bo the murtriieongl alaren relation Bottom Left 10 0 Fight Apply Alignment Align with other pages lg m Sih wal ish sao or a salficiemi
10. be 14 Proof First we will show how transition functions can be constructed for the map 1 1 4 and vice versa For the given point M we choose n linearly inde given columns of the matrix P z and let e z be N x n matrix forte Dy dhesc In the neighborhood U of the point we have rank e z columns 2 i n Simi an n x N matrix formed by n rows linearly independent in U Then the n x n matrix imilarly let 9 be an n x N matrix formed by n rows linearly independent in U The n th ge is nondegenerate and we define e ge g It is clear that Svo matrix ge is nondegenerate and we define e 4 It is clear that e e 1 Pix 1 7 in U here 1 denotes the identity n x n matrix is compact there exists finite covering U and the matrices e e defined in U satisfying the above equalities in U here 1 denotes the identity n Xn matrix M is compact there exists a finite covering U and the matrices defined in U satisfying the above equalities 1 ee 1 1 5 ee 1 P z 1 1 5 Transition functions 2 can be defined by Transition functions 2 can be defined by ei z e z lt UinU 5 ei z e z Conversely given transition functions we can define the projector P x as a block matrix with n x n blocks as follows Let p x be a quadratic pa
11. si deli al Output Resolution DPI Below only the Cauchy problem in a srp ors anl ther mixed Cuach Sy problem is memtiomed only in aped exariples a is 600 cluninates the ner doo analysis cf boundary conilibiens In ihe mayor d ars the Cauchy niles ansiceration possesses x pst xdi p Hid ty Eh ciemi the seco derm om the might m if the initial dat xi cons sequence gre peri sau anja shall consider the Mnt genes 1 C auc hy problem w when initial data v given ab the kine 4 f T aml i ii eben let hr utin al of the system fr al A e Tw y tetas immurualy dn the dumciion the di ia TA lt is axeumed ibat ihg Cauc Ay rtis bas a unique visi 3 all sianta of kime d gt and that adl drrrvativas ut Black and white uix spent ag i Ea 3 T 1 are cantisious pra sided the tibe Wi ef the inrizal data rem dTunctinn of x Such a is called i b n oe 13 pen rion s Nn ll by 1 r consider Buipyaadsar as the parameter and the 5a che r f zs the rlemuemi of x set of dunctioas af x of fined In this sense y scenari tesis wif rnrrex guns in the sobetion uiy J of the system 11 0 The nper ator LE amd the functien f x f i Eq 13 4 are denoted by jf 2 Thinner Thicker and Let fh te the Hassica luton od Che Teomogenecus
12. 0 0 Job Settings Raster Profle book 1000 POF Profle Electrorec PDF Default x O Delp tina mone Post Conversion Steps O Create Thumbnailz O Embed Watermark Then click to the Output tab the tabs are at the bottom of the window In the list Separate document s choose One document only Tick the box under Enable at far left Wait until the encoding is finished You can also look at the Log tab to watch the progress That s all the DJVU file is created Do not delete the TIFF files yet You may need to encode again if the DJVU file has some error Also the TIFF files are useful for OCR purposes see section 6 The result of DJVU encoding is a multipage DJVU file containing the entire e book You should rename that file to something sensible not just math1 djvu At the very least the file name should contain the author s name the title of the book the publication year and or the ISBN number if available This is just a little work but it will be so much easier to share that file on the Internet if its name is sensibly chosen 6 Creating text layer with OCR Compared with the trouble needed to scan and process the book into a DJVU file it is really peanuts to add OCR for it An e book with search is a lot easier to use The search in DJVU files works only if the DJVU file has the so called OCR layer This layer is basically just a list of words stored
13. Caschv problem ji g with intial dota wih Dus in the asmimpiimm mentioned above the ratin ul Gat oe 6 8 1 50 for a sulficiemity smooth determines the linear trezcder apialar 5 t 4 Let us sume that there exists n NL space B of famctions of 3 Em which mme wt of emih hret Moree ac cerra 4 yos ral dhat the relation 1 1 0 be spelled vo the functions H Accomnding to a kasam theo cnmeerning the expansion of operates i r paxil provided the apeerabor 5 fa 5j is bounded on smooth tunctinirs As alu ations n nperatnzs arr in mma d Definition Tks probier 1 5 4 8 135 are well posed af feo A ag Figure 16 Output options at the last step You should check if the brightness of the final image is okay If you see that the final picture is too dark and has lots of black dots around the text you should move the slider towards the thinner setting and wait to see the new page image If some of your scans are darker than others you should scroll to them and click on their thumbnail this will prepare the final image and you can then check whether it is too dark Same if your final images are too light Note If you see that some options are incorrect e g Black white should be changed to Mixed or Color while ScanTailor is still calculating the image you should change the options without waiting Changing an option while a process is running wi
14. a dedication appearing somewhere towards the upper part of the page In this case it is easiest to make the content rectangle a little bigger so that the default page alignment which is flush top and center horizontally produces good results Note if some page in the book is completely empty you should make sure that it has no content rectangle at all If any content rectangle was selected you should right click on the page and click remove content rectangle This will speed up processing a perfectly white page with correct sizes will be generated Tip While going through page contents you will have to switch frequently between the windows select content and page layout It is possible to switch between them by keyboard shortcuts press P for Page layout and press 5 twice for Select content The first 5 will get you to Split pages 4 4 2 Adjusting the page alignment The page alignment options see figure 7 are first the sizes of the margins and second the alignment of the content rectangle The default options are fine for most cases Note that the page will not be aligned unless the check is set on the align with other pages checkbox Sometimes the beginning of a chapter has text that is flushed down on the page You will have to correct the page alignment manually to flush down for these pages while for most other pages most probably flush up is t
15. around the letters and a distortion of the shape of the letters 2 2 Setting up VueScan for scanning VueScan runs under Linux Windows and Macintosh is not a free program but all upgrades are free once you buy it An advantage of VueScan under Linux is that it supports many types of scanners that are otherwise not sup ported by standard Linux software In VueScan there are many tabs with options The first tab figure 3 left is the Input tab that controls the scanning mode Note that VueScan may not show you all these options unless you enable the Expert mode or show all options You can make the settings as shown for instance you explicitly set the resolution to 300dpi and the color mode to 8 bit greyscale It is important to check the box Lock image color so that each page is scanned in the same color balance If you want you can make automatic scanning with a small delay then you will have to jump to the scanner every time to change the page I prefer not to do this The second tab figure 3 left is the Output tab There you can set the direc tory where the scans will be kept the format of file names in this example it will be pOO1 tif pOO2 tif etc and the TIFF compression 2 3 Handwork while scanning By now you have set up your scanning program The actual work while scan ning is not complicated e First you need to try scanning some place in the book and check that everything works w
16. cutter position needs to be applied to uu de all subsequent pages click Copy cur Ignore coping if target cutter is off Copy current position to rent position to all down 17 If some page contains a photograph or a color figure you need to protect it from converting to black white This can be done when checking the position of the cutters Basically you can select some arbitrary part of the page and mark it as a picture zone See Section 3 4 for more details You can save the settings for this task by using the File Save Task command in the menu This command is useful if you want to stop the task and to continue it later 3 3 Main run Now that everything is ready you can begin the main run of ScanKromsator Press the large button that says Process and bears the icon of a book in the main toolbar at top Ud Proces 9 The program will ask you to confirm that you really are sure you want to change the resolution of the images Confirm The process will then start Now you need to wait a while The upsampling operation can be quite slow in recent versions of ScanKromsator 5 8 and up this operation was made faster You may expect to process 5 pages per minute or so When everything is finished you should view the output files in the output folder You should check that all pages are cut and deskewed correctly If some pages are not processed correctly you can repeat processing of just those
17. d with initial data wit Due to iha assump slap he relation m Si hn xh dx T TERS which some set od smooth hmnee forms class anil that the lation 1 1 6 be applied to the fonctions of fi According tn 1 keam theorem coscernisg the expassion ol operators this le pessihli ovila the paion 5 ify Bimel em smooth All evaln tions of operators are given im momma of the space F Definito The proba 1 1 1 amd 1 1 4 are iil pened dj Widest Page Tallest Page Figure 7 After clicking on page layout while on the first page The big question marks on the thumbnails mean that these pages have not yet had this step page layout performed on them The Alignment symbols mean the centering or flush centering of the page in various directions Press on them to see immediately what effect these options would have on the final appearance of the page 41 myscan Scan Tailor 0 9 8 File Tools Select Content 5 Page Layout el Qutout Margins Milimeters mm s Ei EU oe 10 0 chin haenibiry cheval len mida weder ere satzsfusl on il liea aor oni phe oper i JC m qeu f 1 1 5 eve gb bh ami dilleri operator whith ae ale siia AD pir F da du verior Tinctiesn ied Couche problem ia mentioned oly m specific examples Thi lireir ates the new for analysis of boundary
18. go to Split pages and select Change then Mode Manual and Scope All pages to apply this setting to all pages 4 4 5 Adjusting the deskewing This is a rare problem If you see that the page image is still significantly skewed at the select content step you need to click on the deskew step and drag the blue anchor point with the mouse until the page angle is better Then you have to click again on select content and adjust the rectangle if necessary 4 4 6 Replacing scans in the project Finally you might discover that you scanned some pages incorrectly e g some part of the page was off the scanner glass Then you can rescan that page 28 and add the new TIFF file to the project Right click on the thumbnail of some page you will see a menu Insert before Insert after Remove This allows you to remove incorrect scans and insert new corrected scanned pages into the project although this is done one page by one page so if you want to add a lot of pages it is better to start a new project Notes about removing or adding scans e When you remove pages from the project the scans are not actually removed from the disk Also you can remove only one page from a split double page scan if necessary It is advisable not to remove any empty pages in the middle of the book because removing these pages will break the numeration of the pages Empty pages will take practica
19. im rip amp considered anil tl te psoblem is mentioned only m specie examples Thi Bottom 5 0 the need tor omaha af boundary conditions In the majority a cases the Cauchy problem under eonshberatiun possesses a petiole 7 W perty pes the coeHicients the secre term im be right lix A tu Left 10 0 T data and in cimsequence the solutions periodic iunctae Fi ht 1 0 0 Wo shall Elus mere pera problem when initial dats d E ire given at the time 4 0 lt j T and is required to Del the solutio of ar f od the xystem 1 1 4 dor all 2 4 4 which temds can d the tumection of the initial dada i ae f f Tt i assumed that the problem has a unigue solati ill instunts of time 6 4 T amd that all derivatives of the solution appearing in Fay 1 8 2 sre comkinsserus prone that the luneti H the initial data u x sulficientIy smooth function of Sock bation called classical Denote the fonction ar A by wit comskder athe persmeber gol thee mmia mir i the limni o amp eer af nctims of x ak healt Im thas sense he one pasaieter set of element i correspoacdis to the sir f o the syetem 1 1 1 The oper ili ium amil Sls Hz Eq I ft je 0 ind fi respectively Let wil be the classical saintian of the homogencons Canchy problem
20. inside the DJVU file in compressed form You can create the OCR layer using two programs FineReader and DjvuOCR You need FineReader version 7 or 8 It is okay to use even a trial or unregistered or evaluation version that you can download for free The result of running FineReader will be a set of FineReader batch files The wonderful program DjvuOCR created by Gencho will read these files directly extract the OCR information and insert it into DJVU files Suppose you have already created the DJVU file out of some TIFF files Hope fully you didn t delete the TIFF files Load the TIFF files into a new batch in FineReader keep in mind the problem with selecting many files at once Set the recognition language and press Read all When the OCR process is finished click Save batch It is not recommended to edit the OCR text Previous versions of DjvuOCR could not process FineReader batches if the OCR text was edited The most recent version DjvuOCR 2 2 can deal with small edits You should not rewrite large blocks of text i e you should keep many original symbols in their original positions if you edit Also you should not delete the end of line symbols so that the number of lines in a paragraph remains the same But we recommend that you do not edit the OCR text at all After saving the FineReader batch you can quit FineReader and run the program DjvuOCR l FineReader 9 is now available but it cannot add OCR to DJVU files and t
21. is Tick the Burn DJVU file box and select the DJVU file below it means that the OCR data will be inserted burned into the DJVU file Click Process wait a few minutes and that s all Now the DJVU file is full text searchable 37 7 Adding book covers and color plates It is reasonably easy to add a simple book cover Just scan the book cover in 300dpi color or even in 200dpi Slightly blur the image in a graphics editor Encode into DJVU using the profile Photo 300 or Scanned The resulting 1 DJVU file needs to be inserted at the beginning of the DJVU e book after all the other processing is finished Usually the book cover should not be larger than 20 30 KB It is probably not necessary to spend a lot of effort on making a great looking book cover Consider that the people who will read your e book will spend most of the time reading the text rather than looking at the cover In the same way one can add color plates that is special pages that contain only color illustrations Scan them separately and insert into the finished DJVU file after all other processing is done To insert or rearrange pages in a DJVU file use DjvuSolo or DDE Open the DJVU file and you will see the thumbnails of the pages in the left column You can simply drag the thumbnails to rearrange the pages you can also Cut Copy and Paste pages or groups of selected pages or delete pages Use the menu Edit Ins
22. layer with OCR 36 7 Adding book covers and color plates 38 8 Adding hyperlinks and bookmarks 38 A Where to download software 40 This document can be distributed for free It is an expanded version of the Scan and Share 1 07 tutorial This tutorial now covers the new program ScanTailor as well as ScanKromsator Some screenshots are in Russian be cause the software does not have any other localization Screenshots of VueS can options are included now 1 Introduction This is a mini tutorial about scanning books and making high quality files out of them This tutorial is intended for people who would like to make good quality electronic books but do not know where to start There are many ways to get good results by scanning this text shows you some reasonably easy ways The tutorial has step by step screenshots and assumes some fa miliarity with Windows You may need to download and install a few programs see Appendix A 1 1 In brief For the impatient reader The process consists roughly of the following stages 1 Scan every page in 300dpi greyscale save to TIF Save a backup of your scans 2 Import images into ScanKromsator or ScanTailor process images Save a backup of the processed images at this stage 3 Create a DJVU file out of processed images 4 Add OCR and or bookmarks to the DJVU file It is most important to master the stages 1 and 2 since the processed images after stage 2 are much smaller than the ini
23. options just for that page 15 First click the Page tab Here you can set processing options for cutting the pages The option Split means to split the two page image into single pages Deskew will deskew each single page image separately Despeckle removes small dots Sometimes Deskew makes pages significantly skewed this is usually due to some complicated illustrations In that case check Art for these pages You can set Ortho if the page needs to be rotated by 90 degrees You can set these options separately for left and right L and R pages Now click on the Book tab Here you set options related to the size and layout of the pages in the final book H Gap is the size of the margins The value of 200 is good for 600dpi meaning 1 3 inch Page width and height can be set to Auto You can also center the pages differently align to center align to top align to bottom Page width Auto v Page height Auto v Page Book Files Split Despeckle Deskew At L Otho Automargins Cv Civ gt h alian Spec gaps L 0 Rotate angle 0 special Page Book Files 200 24 24 24 24 Units H Gap value Vo Gap value vert gap hor gap Spec gap 0 Use average width Merge pages after split We already visited the Files tab at the draf
24. pages with some other options The main processing run may take some hours on a slow computer It is not necessary to process the entire book in one run One can process only some portion of the pages then one needs to set Book Page width Fixed to the size determined in the previous portion of the pages so that all pages have equal size at the end of processing It is usually sufficient to take 10 to 15 pages for determining page size If you like you can use the powerful cleaning features of ScanKromsator to remove the digital dirt from some pages Typically the digital dirt is any extraneous spots on the paper pencil or pen marks and library stamps Of course you can also use any graphics editor to clean the images by hand Hopefully there will not be many pages to clean 3 4 Processing color figures and photos We discuss color figures separately because they are not frequently needed However their place in the workflow is at the point where you check and adjust the position of the cutters The latest version of Kromsator 5 9 includes a feature for color figure pro cessing the so called picture zones One some pages there may be a picture 18 i e non black white illustration such as a photograph or a colorful diagram You need to protect these illustrations from converting into black white To mark a picture zone select a rectangle containing the illustration and click on the button Mark as picture zo
25. sure that you actually got 300dpi and 8 bit greyscale 6Note that a typical page scanned in greyscale will occupy between 2 and 4 megabytes the hard disk with LZW compression The JPEG format actually cannot handle black white images when one converts black white images to JPEG the software must convert those images into greyscale images The JPEG compression then introduces a certain quality loss as shown in the figure The quality loss in JPEG compression is acceptable for photographs but may degrade black white text quite significantly unless a high quality JPEG mode is selected The quality of JPEG compression is usually selectable as a number from 1 to 100 No visible artifacts would appear at 90 quality or higher But some programs especially for making PDF files or for optimizing images may not allow you to set the JPEG quality manually 8 result when result when that Equation that Equation X are indepen X are indepent Figure 2 Digital artifacts appearing due to JPEG compression of black white text In this example the quality setting for the JPEG encoding was very low so these artifacts are apparent to the eye At left greyscale image with unnatural wavy looking shadows around the letters These digital shadows are typical for JPEG compression of black white images At right the same image converted back to black white The digital artifacts produce digital noise i e speckles
26. took By now you should have checked these TIFF files and made sure that the quality of the black white images is good the letters are sharp have smooth shapes there is little or no dirt etc To check all that you can view the TIFF files in a picture viewer Such as IrfanView at high zoom Still 50 to 200 KB per page is far too much The next step is to encode these images to DJVU format this will reduce their size dramatically typically to 5 10 KB per page To make a good well optimized DJVU file you need one of the two programs either DjvuSolo version 3 1 or Djvu Document Express DDE 4 x 5 x 6 x or Djvu Document Express Enterprise DEE version 5 1 4 x 5 x 6 x The DDE and DEE programs are much faster than DjvuSolo and DEE 5 1 can There is also free software package called djvulibre but it cannot produce sufficiently well compressed DJVU files 33 be configured to run in batch mode On the other hand DjvuSolo is a small and freely downloadable program that requires no setup The results in terms of DJVU file quality from DjvuSolo and from DDE DEE are pretty much the same if you set the options correctly There are two ways of making DJVU files one is by hand another by batch To make a DJVU file by hand run DjvuSolo or DDE and click File Open to open the first TIFF file Then click Edit Insert pages and select all the other TIFF files Please note a selection box may have a bug in that you
27. will start the automatic processing of all pages This operation is the final run which may take an hour or more maybe about 15 seconds per page After this operation is done you can do a final check up of the pages If the images for some pages are somehow still not correct you can go back to any step and re do it If your pages are all black white the only possible problems are these e Final image is too thin too thick on some pages where the brightness was for some reason different from that of all other pages e Despeckling has removed some dots that are actually part of the text You can flip through the pages while viewing the despeckling results click on the despeckling tab in the output window The red dots will show where ScanTailor removed dots from the image If you see that ScanTailor removed dots that are not dirt but actually are points in the text such as somewhere you should use a different despeckling broom or disable de speckling altogether or make the image thicker Usually ScanTailor will be careful with despeckling but there are some cases when despeckling needs to be disabled for some or all pages Note it is advisable to save your project often while you are working on it scanTailor is a stable program but Windows is not so if your computer crashes for any reason you will be able to continue right where you last saved When you are done the final images are in th
28. you will be able to continue right from the point where you last saved the project file When the draft run is completed ScanTailor will stop and return to the first page figure 8 Now you need to click on step 4 select content You will see an image of the first page with a rectangle around the text this is the rectangle that ScanTailor automatically selected according to its algo rithms figure 9 You will be able to see right away whether ScanTailor was correct Maybe on some pages text will be visibly cut off or not included in the rectangle In order to correct all this you will now flip through all the pages in your project and correct all such possible errors You will also be able to immediately see and correct problems created at any previous steps 1 4 such as incorrect splitting of double pages In the page shown in figure 9 everything is okay so you go to the next page To flip to the next page press PageDown W on the keyboard To go to the previous page press PageUp or Q on the keyboard Or you can use the mouse wheel in the right column with thumbnails and then click on the thumbnails Note the long horizontal button over the thumbnails this is the scroll lock button If this button is pressed the thumbnail column will always show the page you are currently working on Otherwise you can scroll away from your currently active page to look at some other thumbnails As you go throug
29. Pages Uc Deskeny Select Content a Page Layout amp Output 2 Output Resolution DPI 600 m Lu a m A D Change X5 Aufgahen Apiu Linien be Bald 1035 rel don Ph crsdignenig cies Sindee Ap Thinner P Thicker Apply Figure 17 In the mixed mode the illustration below is automatically de tected as the picture zone and is shown to you in changing color when you click on the Picture Zones tab Note that the upper illustration is purely black white and was not selected as a picture zone You can also adjust the brightness of the final image in the mixed mode Sometimes ScanTailor guesses the picture zones somewhat incorrectly Then you can draw your own picture zones with the mouse A few words about editing the picture zones You can add new picture zones with boundaries made of straight lines You cannot delete the automatically 32 found picture zone But you can substract a picture zone from the zones already present To do that right click on some point inside the picture zone and select properties Then you can select subtract from all layers or subtract from the auto layer If the automatically selected picture zone is very irregularly shaped and if this is not right perhaps the easiest thing to do is to draw a big picture zone around the automatically selected zone and select subtrac
30. Scan and Share 1 07 st Tutorial on making e books written by V and A 2010 Contents 1 Introduction LL PULTE oc ee we eee Am ae AUR 3 UR 9L Re OS 1 2 Why make a scanned book is OCR not good 1 3 How to get good quality 2 Scanning a book 2 1 Setting up IrfanView for scanning 2 2 Setting up VueScan for scanning 2 3 Handwork while scanning 3 Processing scans with ScanKromsator Ol d A a cuu TOROS uo 63 moo PEER Eee eee X X X X X X wow ow x OX M ud 3 4 Processing color figures and photos 4 Processing scans with ScanTailor 4 1 Importing scan into ScanTailor Sc L2 c 9 55 924 9 955559553 4 3 about processing steps 02 005088 ee 4 4 Correct errors after the draft run 4 4 1 Adjusting the content rectangle 4 4 2 Adjusting the page alignment 4 4 3 Adjusting the page 5 7 1 4 4 4 Adjusting the splitting 26 4 4 5 Adjusting the deskewing 28 4 4 6 Replacing scans the project 28 4 5 Final run and final check up cnn 29 4 6 Working with picture zones lle 31 5 Encoding scans into DJVU 33 6 Creating text
31. allel to the edge of the scanner You should try to put it reasonably straight but it is unavoidable that pages will not all be scanned completely straight many pages will be slightly skewed This small skew is okay and will be corrected later after scanning by software Correcting this skew is called deskewing Deskewing is very fast and efficient What you want to avoid when scanning e Avoid very large skew angles i e do not place a book at a large angle on the glass This kind of scan can still be deskewed but the shapes will probably not be as smooth as otherwise e Avoid incomplete page scans i e when some of the text is outside of the scanning region This means that some text will be lost not scanned at all If you discover such a page scan that page again with a correct scanning region In a science book no part of the text is unimportant 1 However avoid scanning the library stamps or other marks on the pages If your book has stamps or other markings on some pages just cover them with a piece of paper while scanning or remove them with digital image editor after scanning Nobody wants to see some ugly stamps or marks in the e book e Avoid scanning any off page regions this will be when your scanning rectangle is way too large This will produce a black shadow which in many cases you will have to remove by hand while processing your scans This is so because computers are not very good at guessing what is a p
32. art of the book and what is dirt on a scan e Also avoid producing a fuzzy image because some place on the page was not close to the scanner glass The region of the text around the book crease is often difficult to scan You can try scanning one page at a time rather than two pages or pressing slightly harder onto the book binding It is important that the text is directly next to the scanner glass Even 1 mm distance between the glass and the paper will make a very fuzzy scanned image in almost all scanners Fuzzy scanned images are not acceptable It is very difficult to prepare a good quality final e book from fuzzy scans Should you scan one page at a time or two pages at a time It is faster to scan a book two pages per scan rather than one page at a time Double page scans can be cut quite efficiently and automatically if they are scanned cleanly by software But not all books can be scanned that way many books are too large you won t fit two pages onto the glass unless you have an scanner which is usually expensive Many books don t open sufficiently to be scanned two pages per scan with good quality some text near the crease is lost or becomes too fuzzy which is not acceptable You need to try two pages at a time try one page at a time and then decide how to proceed Regardless of how you scan the processing software will be able to prepare an e book with single page images as long as everything is scanned co
33. d If your scans never need to be split you can disable splitting set it to manual for all pages The third step is deskew that is a small rotation of each page to make the orientation completely upright Note that deskewing is applied separately to every page also to every split page In most cases ScanTailor will correctly make the orientation of the text as horizontal as possible In very rare cases you will have to adjust the deskewing by hand The fourth step is select content It selects the rectangle that seems to con tain all the text on the page In quite a few pages this rectangle will be too small or too big This is because it is difficult for the computer to understand automatically what the actual text is and what is some artifact of scanning like a dark shadow at the edge of the page So it is at this step that you cer tainly will have to look at every page and check that the rectangle is selected correctly More about this below The fifth step is page layout This step is fully manually controlled by the user each page s content rectangle is aligned if desired with the content rectangles of all other pages margins are added and the resulting rectangle is prepared Since it is only at step 4 that problems are quite likely to appear while step 5 is completely manual I propose to run all the steps 1 5 automatically as the draft run After the draft run you will have to return
34. ds e Scanning in 300dpi greyscale is on most scanners exactly as quick as scanning in 300dpi black white or in any lower resolution You will not save time if you scan in 300dpi black white or in 200dpi instead of 300dpi greyscale but you do lose a lot of quality e Scanning in 300dpi greyscale produces large intermediate scanned files which will be processed into very small DJVU files Scanning in 600 1 black white produces smaller intermediate scanned files but the pro cess of scanning at GOOdpi is much slower for most scanners Also it s easier to process 300dpi greyscale scans because they have less digital dirt than 600dpi black white scans It is nearly impossible to improve the quality of a poorly scanned and or incorrectly processed image of a book For example some e books are made by inexperienced people in 150dpi or in color instead of black white or the resolution was decreased after scanning in an attempt to reduce the file size These e book files are huge in size The visual and print quality of such e books is bad and cannot be improved It is important and not difficult to make the scanned image correctly and ensure great quality of the resulting e books Read on A high quality scanned e book is small in size has great visual appearance on the screen and also when printed and has searchable text There are many ways to achieve high quality of scanned e books all methods involve the resolution of 600dpi Hig
35. e front matter To compen sate for this usually one needs to add a certain offset to the page number for _ 18This program has only the Russian language interface 39 instance page 10 in the printed book may be actually page 11 in the DJVU file because one page is taken by the cover Then you need to enter the 1 corresponding offset into the box offset Now that all options are enterd press the button ELS which means Add This will add a new DJVU file to the list in the left panel the current options will apply to that file You can now set different options and add a different file Finally press the button _1 create This will insert the hyperlink information into all the DJVU files Similarly one can create hyperlinks in the subject index One needs to select a different entry in the drop box P The default entry as shown means Table of contents Other entries mean that you want to process the subject index The same settings apply After finishing the processing one should view the DJVU file and check that the hyperlinks were added correctly The program relies on the OCR text for determining the page numbers for hyperlinks So any errors in OCR may lead to errors in the position or targeting of the hyperlinks A Where to download software Name of program Download site Status IrfanView 4 1 www irfanview com ScanTailor 0 9 8 scantailor
36. e greyscale scans which is what you should have 16 Files Options Opti EIES Deskew method Auto shear filter Test vert sensitivity Normal Jg High Text horiz sensitivity Normal Jg High Law for non bwv TIFFs Options 2 Convert gt Convert to bw threshold The same for left amp right Left page MiddleDark Right page EREN Convert Quality PEI Enhance image Smooth 1 Blur 1 Sharpen 1 L RR e Gray enhance Don t change out color D Preview gt Preview with resample i Reload Gray image enhance Background cleaner Contrast Histogram Illu gt Be Cleaner passes 1 Protect black pixels Frame size 20 tA Clean exclude zones Method pa Corect low contrast Sensitivity 5i ignore light pels the same lett right Enable ig You will get a dialog with many options for greyscale images Go to the Background cleaner tab and check Enable okip several tabs and click the Illumination tab click Correct illumination This will nor CI Em malize the illumination of the page which is Strength 10 24 us e e important since usually some parts of the page Iterations 1 8 are darker than others This is a very use Fuses Combe Agressive ful feature that removes black shadows that a w
37. e output directory as a bunch of TIFF files These files will be in 600dpi and black white so they will be much smaller than your original greyscale scans This concludes the processing of scans the next step would be converting these scans to DJVU see section 5 4 6 Working with picture zones Now let us see what you need to do if your book does have some greyscale or color illustrations If your book has a lot of colored text e g all chapter headings and all column titles on each page are in blue you should consider not making them col ored but reducing all text to black white The colored chapter headings are 31 not particularly useful making them all black white will not significantly de crease the usefulness of the book but it will significantly decrease the amount of work you will have to expend on the file and the final file size will be maybe half the size If there are some pages with important illustrations you need to navigate to these pages and click on output You will get to these pages if you flip through all the final images after the output run Do not wait until the final image is produced and immediately click on Mixed in the Mode box In the mixed mode ScanTailor will try to detect automatically where the greyscale or color illustration is located on the page As an example see figure 17 myscan Scan Tailor 0 9 8 File Tools Fix Orientation C Split
38. ei Editing Profile Bitomal 600 dpi Background Segmenter Tex Transform Stock Profile Liomman Text Quality Legeless baggen He Bitonal 600 Less los bigger file Special C Mediur loss medium sal boross smaler E d Profle enmabest fie Background Sul Low High Foreground Duab 1 1100 Disable Halftome Foreground Subsample Jm 182 Page Dicti ini Moe FG ages Dichonane integer default 10 Fr More BG Advanced Sathings Aoniu rot Profle Hare Now choose the Text tab as shown above In that tab set Pages per dictio nary 1000 if this consumes too much RAM on your computer or if this is too slow set to 200 or 300 instead of 1000 Save the custom profile under a new name say Bitonal 1 Do the same for the Scanned 600dpi profile if you need to encode books with color drawings Now run the Document Express Workflow Manager Load all the TIFF pages into it In the Job name field write the name of the book if you want Choose the previously created custom profile in the list Raster profile T Document Express Enterprise Workflow Manager Joe Fie Edit Job Tools Help Status Emos Urinbaized 0 0
39. ell Take a book open somewhere where the pages are full of text put the book both pages down on the scanner glass e If necessary press with your hand so that the crease of the book is as close to the glass as possible You can also use a weight e g put another heavy book on top but it s slower than pressing by hand 9 pt crop iter cor Task Source Media Media size Bits per pixel Make gray from Multi page Preview resolution Scan resolution Rotation Auto skew Skew Mirror Auto save Auto print Auto repeat Number of samples Scan from preview Lock image color Default options Figure 3 Options for scanning when using VueScan utp re B W photo E 8 bit Gray 300 Fe lt gt 300 dpi a gt 1 10 Printed size Magnification Auto file name TIFF file TIFF file name TIFF size reduction TIFF multi page TIFF file type TIFF compression TIFF DNG format TIFF profile JPEG file PDF file OCR text file Index file Raw file e Do a preview scan Then you can see what has been scanned in the preview window If needed you can turn the page 90 degrees so that the text is straight up You can also adjust contrast brightness gamma correction if necessary Your goal is that the text must be clearly visible not too dark and not too light Select the scanning region by using the mouse You should se
40. entirely missing from the image Note that the content rectangle is also not quite right it should be made a little taller to include the bottom part of the table frame But here we discuss the problem that cannot be corrected by changing the content rectangle at this point 3 myscan Scan Tailor 0 9 8 File Tools Orientation Split Pages 4 Select Content p Page Layout 6 Output Content Box Auto Manual Figure 13 The left part of the page is missing and cannot be included in the content rectangle at all 26 The problem is that some part of the text was cut away at the splitting step Click on split pages and you will see something like figure 14 myscan Scan Tailor 0 9 8 File Tools Auto detected Change Split Line Auto Manual Figure 14 The splitting step shows the line of splitting It was obviously incorrect Clearly you need to drag the line of splitting to the left After dragging that line click again on select content Now you will see a better content rectan gle still it needs to be adjusted a little until you see something like figure 15 27 myscan Scan Tailor 0 9 8 File Tools Content Puta Manual Figure 15 Problem corrected Note that in this example the scan did not actually need to be split If this is the case with your scans you can disable splitting entirely To disable splitting
41. ert pages to add more DJVU pages to an existing DJVU file You can insert single page or multipage DJVU files anywhere before or after any page as you need 8 Adding hyperlinks and bookmarks After finishing all the preceding work with the DJVU file including OCR you can add some hyperlink navigation to it There are two ways of adding hyperlinks The first is to use the DjvuSolo or Djvu Editor programs and add hyperlinks by hand Usually one adds hyperlinks to pages in the table of contents for easier navigation In DjvuSolo or Djvu Editor you can select any rectangular area on any page and then insert a hyperlink to a different page of the DJVU file The user will go to this page when clicking anywhere in the area Note that the hyperlink will point to a page number so adding hyperlinks has to be done after any changes to the page order or after inserting any additional pages into the DJVU file So if you want you can sit and make some rectangular areas into hyperlinks until you are blue in the face 38 a EM ipm Express Le TTHTHEEADOGTHHP BOTHER Te FHE THE IE Wr ARE ATEEPDPSTUOR S Ej Ed 7 7 S c S e e e e mas Perea 3 3kc i Op
42. eyboard and wait a little The first page will be pro cessed through all the steps 1 5 and then you will see the page layout di alog figure 7 You will see that the first page has been really processed deskewed split and a content rectangle was selected everything outside the content rectangle has been cut away Don t worry about any options at this point e If your scans contain double pages automatic splitting is what you need But if your scans contain only single pages and never need to be split it is perhaps better to disable splitting Click on Split Pages then click on Change then select Mode Manual and Scope All pages This will effectively disable automatic splitting for all pages Now click again on 5 Page Layout e Now press the play button to the right of 5 Page Layout 21 Unnamed Scan Tailor 0 9 8 File Tools 006 nf x Figure 6 ScanTailor s main window with some scans loaded into a project Unnamed This will start the automatic batch processing of steps 1 5 for all pages with the default options This process will take maybe 20 minutes or so maybe about 5 seconds per page but at least you don t have to do anything while the program is working This is your draft run While it is running let me try to explain what is actually happening now 4 3 More about processing steps The idea of ScanTailor is to divide the processing
43. file for example myscan It is also advisable to make the ScanTailor window maximized to full screen but I will keep this window small in my examples just to make screenshots smaller in this PDF file 20 Project Files nput Directory Browse Dutput Directory Browse Files Not In Project ECVE 1 Fix Orientation 2 Split Pages Files In Project Select All Right to left layout for Hebrew and Arabic Fix DPls even if they look OK Select All Cancel Figure 5 ScanTailor asks you to select the input files 4 2 Draft run Now that your scans are loaded into ScanTailor you can start processing The optimal way of processing is to let ScanTailor run automatically for all pages and then correct the errors that may have been made Even when the scanned material is very simple and no user interaction is really needed it is necessary to have a draft run and a final run because the final output cannot be produced until all final page sizes are known and the page sizes are computed only after the page layout step is performed on all pages For the draft run I suggest the following procedure that seems to be quickest e You already have the first page selected when you open the project for the first time Press with the mouse on the Page layout step or simply press P on the k
44. h the pages or switch between different steps you may have to wait a little bit as the display updates Eventually as you go through all the pages you will probably find a page where there is some problem after the draft run There are five main types of problems to be corrected most frequently 1 the content rectangle needs adjusting some text is outside or the rect angle is too big and includes some noise 2 the page alignment needs adjusting usually at the beginning or at the end of a chapter when most of the text is at the top of page or at the bottom of page 3 incorrect splitting this may happen when the page contains complicated tables and so was split when it shouldn t have been 4 incorrect deskewing usually this happens when the page contains no text but only some large shapeless illustration 5 the scan was done incorrectly e g the page was not completely scanned Let us see how these problems can be corrected 24 4 4 1 Adjusting the content rectangle You can see in figure 10 that the content rectangle is too small some part of the text was not included Drag the content rectangle by the mouse until it is correct The content rectangle as a rule should not include any white margins the content rectangle should fit snugly around the text on the page White margins will be added later automatically An exception to this rule is when the content is neither centered nor flushed on the page e g
45. he right alignment option Sometimes you have a page with only very little text or text that is only at the bottom of the page or only at the top You need to adjust the alignment of the page or adjust the content rectangle so that it is aligned properly For example see figure 11 In this case the default page alignment which is flush to top center horizon tally will produce undesirable results see figure 11 right You can make this page centered but this is also not quite what you need The easiest is to adjust the content rectangle so that it is larger and is aligned properly when flushed up and centered horizontally Then you click on page layout and see something like figure 12 right 25 4 4 3 Adjusting the page sizes If you notice in the page layout preview that the final image has very wide or tall white margins on all pages it means that some page is too wide or too tall and ScanTailor has adjusted all pages so that they have the same pixel sizes This can be fixed in two ways first you can exclude some pages from alignment by unclicking align with other pages Second you can make the margins smaller say O mm if you know that a significant amount of margin will be added by alignment anyway 4 4 4 Adjusting the splitting You can see in figure 13 that the page image does not contain a small part of the text This cannot be fixed by adjusting the content rectangle because some text is
46. her resolution almost never brings a significantly better quality Output files are in the DJVU format and take typically about oKB page to IOKB page If your file is significantly larger while the book contains only black white text and is printed reasonably clearly something was done incorrectly when producing the file You may of course experiment on your own with other programs For ex ample some people use Photoshop with special plugins Book Restorer Corel PhotoPaint RasterID even Matlab and IDL for image processing This tutorial presents a particular method that practically guarantees good results If you are a beginner please make a few books by closely following the instructions This kind of processing when the resolution of an image is increased is called upsampling If you don t know what DJVU is please use Google or Wikipedia to read about it The DJVU format was specially developed for high compression storage of scanned images Most e books today are in the PDF format but the PDF format was intended for documents created in a word processor i e for vector documents rather than scanned documents Scanned e books in PDF format occupy more space and or display slower than in the DJVU format 2 in this tutorial You will then see that you can achieve quite a high a level of quality without excessive effort and without learning too many technicalities If you develop your own methods for example by using different o
47. here is no DjvuOCR support for FR 9 36 E DjvuOCR version 2 2 beta ia 2004 2007 by gencho Select mode Dfvu Decoder DivuOCR by gencho c 2004 2007 Burn existing OCH file In Diu baok Thanks all who help me mailto dieuacrceimailzworld cam Manual mode OCR manager Remove OCR Layer This program has several functions for example DjVu Decoder will produce TIFF files out of DJVU in case you deleted your TIFF files or if you are working with somebody else s DJVU file For now you will use only the Manual mode OCR manager Click that and you get the following window Manual mode FineReader Project directory 713 DjvuOCR version 2 2 beta 2004 2007 by Jos CAQCR Bowe Test project E Output text fle i CRi qa tet Browse Page Interval in FineReader project AlFPages fram Start Page in book E Burn CYL file Diu file by gencha Options Normal hyphenation Ignore error checking Test before processing Create HTML file Configure ZIP c 2004 2007 CXDCRNob divu Tm Thanks all who help me Process mailto djeuacrcimailzwarld corm Prey Exit Select the directory where the FineReader batch is located in the FineReader Project directory field Output OCR text file will be the name of the new file it doesn t matter what that name
48. into steps as shown in the left of figure 6 Each step requires that all the previous steps are already performed on a given page There is in version 0 9 8 no way to omit some steps entirely from processing You will have control over each step of the processing and can in principle adjust the settings for each page separately or apply special settings to a group of pages The first step is fix orientation Here you can rotate pages by 90 degrees or by 180 degrees so that the text on the pages is more or less upright This step is completely manual the user needs to supply the rotation for each page or for all pages In order to apply some option for all pages usually you need to press the Apply button and then select Apply to all pages You will not need to control this step at all if you adjusted the page orientation correctly while scanning By default ScanTailor will not do anything at this step However you may go to a single particular page choose it by clicking on the thumbnail in the right column and change the orientation if needed The second step is split pages In the example shown in figure 6 there are 22 double page scans that are already correctly oriented Most likely ScanTailor will automatically and correctly split them into single page scans In some rare cases the splitting is done incorrectly e g too much text is cut off In this case you can go back to the split pages step and correct this by han
49. ions but some of them are not intuitive or difficult to understand if you just look at the user interface In this tutorial you will be walked through a particular simplified workflow with ScanKromsator assuming that you scanned a book at 300dpi greyscale Start ScanKromsator and load the raw TIFF files into it menu File The list of files will appear on the top left column The toolbar with several tabs Book etc will appear below the list of files EP ScanKromsator Version 5 9 Bolega 2007 BAX File Edit Process Result Image Zones Service About Poes 3 0 Kaar e 307 3 AR 00031 e 4 AR 00041 ooo a 5 0005 4 gt T 0006 4 7 AR 0007 4 8 0008 4 9 AR 00091 Page Book Files C Split Despeckle Deskew L R At M 12 1 30 la Ortho v Autemargins TB sons cnet 1DHOM e Ou T OT maps poston 1 M a 1 i B p
50. l processed Set only cutter Don t set cutter near border pages for these pages Press OK and wait 10 15 minutes until the Draft kromsate operation is finished You will get the following screen 1lThe pseudoword kromsate is a mangled Russian word meaning to cut in pieces Within the ScanKromsator the meaning of kromsate is the operation of splitting a two page scanned image into individual page images and also the operation of cutting page images so that the margins become even and equal on all pages 14 ScanKromsator Version 5 9 Bolega 2007 exampl Fie Edit Process Result Image Zones Service About 17 m gt 95 re3324 Yl g ERA G Proces 3 VS cet 5308 Je 1 ad m X O v amp 5 AR 00051 57 0006 amp 7 AR 0007 amp 8 AR 0008 ti amp 0009 T Page Book Files ela v Split Despeckle v Deskew L R 4 44 BbICOKMX Te b M 12 14 ans i s ries lt nx Tp 30 Otho O O AB v M reyon i f 1
51. lect the scanning region such that some white space is left around the text but no book crease or off page regions are scanned Your purpose is that the scanning rectangle should fit around the text with some margin so that you will not lose any text even if you put the book a little askew on the glass And yet you do not want to scan any useless regions outside of the page Press the Scan button with the mouse and wait until the scanner fin ishes scanning the page This will get the scan of one page or two pages at once if you can fit the book onto the scanner The scanned file will be saved to the disk e Now that the scanning program is set up you can scan all the pages with the same settings While the scanner lamp is moving back turn the next page and put the book back to the same place on the scanner Then press the mouse button to scan again The mouse can be left pointing at the Scan button so you don t need to look Alternatively some scanners have buttons on them that make the next scan This technique allows you to scan the entire book one page after another without looking at the computer screen or at the keyboard You can watch TV or whatever while you are scanning Depending on the scanner speed you can get between 100 and 200 scanned pages per hour Some scanners are particularly fast e g Plustek OpticBook It is not necessary to set the book onto the scaner absolutely straight edge of the book par
52. ll automatically restart the process for this page If your book has important greyscale or color illustrations on some pages see section 4 6 for information about processing those pages The other pages which contain only black white material will still have to be processed as I will now describe If your book has all black white text or black white diagrams and no greyscale or color illustrations you just need to adjust the brightness so that the image is sufficiently sharp and not too thin not too thick You can view the page images at higher zoom zooming is done by mouse scrolling Scroll up for zooming in scroll down for zooming out Then you can see how the letters actually will look in the final image You should ex pect smooth letter shapes at this point ScanTailor applies some smoothing algorithms to the scans 30 Note that you can apply the brightness settings to all pages at once or only to selected pages select them with the mouse in the thumbnail column at right or only to pages after the current one It is important to remember that the settings you click on the output window or anywhere else in ScanTailor are only for the current page unless you press Apply and select Apply to all pages or something else You are basically almost done at this point Click again on the first page thumbnail so that you see the first page and then click on the play button to the right of output This
53. lly no space in the final file However it is better to remove empty pages at the very beginning and at the very end of the book e When you add pages to the project the new pages will have no processing steps already run on them while other pages might be already partially processed So for instance the new pages will appear to have the default page layout settings and you will have to run all the steps on them including select content and page layout e When a page has been removed from project and this page was part of a two page sheet the settings for the other half of the sheet will be lost You will have to click on that page and run again the content selection and page layout steps 4 5 Final run and final check up After going through all the pages and correcting the layout errors you need to return to the first page and click on the last step output You will see after a somewhat longer waiting a final version of the first page and the output options see figure 16 The best options are 600dpi black white mode and slight despeckling small broom as is the default 20 Desken Select Content 1 1 aiig lier Page Layout certain bourdkiry be which are satisfa om 6 Output gt lateral surface P y H ol the rapon 10 Hw m iv d 1 1 53 Mere is some difierential operator agi depen 041 eum Do aj Ph ARS pie ie
54. ly amrih wif determines the trass er peratur Sa 4l Tant assume thet there cents a space fonctions cir which sena xe ol Fanctirais forme Sense chee aml thori the misin 11 8 call he mpplied i iha functions af According dn krom ihesrem concern the espanszm of operators the is pilil the operator 5 ji 2 boobed on ome functions Al evala Irem ub operators ere jnven imp 40 he sparr Definition js Arwa ido and 04 r we fou i ik r l l 1 I 1 I l l 1 I 1 I l 1 Widest Page Tallest Page Figure 8 After the draft run you are again at the first page The big question marks on the thumbnails are gone 42 myscan Scan Tailor 0 9 8 Fille Tools Fix Orientation Split Pages 4 Select Content 5 Page Layout Content Bax uto M anual lina need fur lysis nf iei i 4 wpertr i Hw reise the wc ight Hw th 006 E zl Figure 9 After you click on select content you can inspect the content rect angle In most cases like on this page the content is detected perfectly 43 myscan Scan Tailor 0 9 8 Fille Tools Figure 10 In this case the content rectangle is too small You need to adjust it by dragging with the mouse 44 ELM mm Top so Left 10 0 Ri
55. ne bearing the icon of a blue frame in this oS fark as picture zaone F There is also a possibility to have polygon shaped picture zones This is use ful for example if the page was scanned with a large skewing Use the star E 3 2 toolbar shaped tool button to mark such zones To set the options for a picture zone double click on the selected region You will see the dialog Picture zone properties Picture zone properties 1 1 Id 1 Format Filters Format Zone status Color Locked i Selected Clear source G C Transparent 4 Protect from Color Sbit correction Color 2468 Inverse dithering C Inverse dithering Iterations 1 4 v After downsample OO 3 Copy to all zones at page Copy to group You need to set the color of the illustration For example if the page contains a greyscale photograph rather than a color photograph or color diagram set Color Gray We cannot discuss other zone options here as you see there are many options intended for advanced users But note that after kromsating the picture zones will be saved to separate files So after the main processing run you will have to merge them with the page files This is done by using the menu command Zones Picture zone Merge zones The resulting page files will be TIFF files in which the text is black white but the picture z
56. ones have color 4 Processing scans with ScanTailor ScanTailor is a relatively new program that is being actively developed I de scribe version 0 9 8 at this time It can be downloaded for free and runs under Windows and Linux The functionality of ScanTailor is sufficient for processing books that have black white text and some greyscale illustrations as well as occasional color pages ScanTailor can deskew and clean up your scanned pages split double page scans into single pages and convert from 300dpi greyscale into 600dpi black white while keeping greyscale illustrations 19 ocanTailor has online documentation at its website you can read about many features of ScanTailor there Therefore here I will only show how to do the most common processing steps 4 1 Importing scan into ScanTailor ScanTailor takes as input a number of TIFF files and produces as output a new set of TIFF files When you run ScanTailor it first asks you to start a new project or to open a previous project A project means a bunch of TIFF files that are going to be processed together So you say new project at this point figure 4 Unnamed Scan Tailor 0 9 8 File Tools 1 Fix Orientation 2 Split Pages New Project Open Project Output Projects Figure 4 ScanTailor asks to create a new project to open a previously existing project Then you will see a dialog box asking y
57. ooks The auto rotate algorithm is faulty and produces defects in the image broken lines The auto rotation is hard coded into FineReader 7 x 8 x and cannot be disabled 3 If you scan in 300dpi greyscale which is the procedure recommended here FineReader will perform all operations at 300dpi rather than resample to 600dpi ScanKrom sator and ScanTailor will first resample to 600dpi and then perform process ing The results of FineReader processing are always going to be inferior for these reasons Why not use a digital camera for scanning books You will never get good results even with expensive 10 Megapixel or whatever cameras Never even closely as good as with a flatbed scanner even a cheap one Look at figure 1 below and guess which of the two images of the same page is made by a digital camera Only in FineReader version 9 there was added an option to disable this auto rotation However other features of FineReader remain Also not ethat FineReader version 9 cannot be used to produce OCR layer in DJVU files I recommend using FineReader version 8 5 14 1 Elements of Differential Geometry Proof First we will show how transition functions can be constructed for the given map 1 1 4 and vice versa For the given point M we choose n linearly independent columns of the matrix P x and let e z be N x matrix formed by these columns In the neighborhood U of the point zp we have rank e z n Similarly let g x
58. ou to select the input files figure 5 Press Browse on Input directory and select the directory where you have your scanned TIFF files The output directory will be automatically selected as the out subdirectory For example if your scans are in C myscans then the output TIFF files will be in C myscans out You can now use the arrow buttons lt lt and gt gt to exclude some of the TIFF files from processing You probably want Select all at this point i e use all the TIFFs in that directory Then press OK the TIFF files will be inspected and a project will be created If some of the TIFFs do not have the correct resolution stamped inside them you can correct it fix DPIs but normally this is not necessary After this you see the main window of ScanTailor that looks like the following The selected page is shown in the central window thumbnails of all pages are shown in the column at right and the processing sequence which I will explain shortly is shown on the left ScanTailor s projects can be saved to files with the extension scantailor these files are in the XML format and have the full information needed to process the input TIFF files from the project and to produce the output files So it is advisable to save the project also while working in ScanTailor So you go to the File menu and choose Save and specify the location and the name of the project
59. ould otherwise appear in darker places on v Protect pure colors J the page Gray image enhance Gamma Mise Sharpen Blur Denose p Smooth strength 100 22 ERIT Skip several tabs and click the De Contour precision 3 5 4 noise tab Set the parameters as Blur strength 3 f shown at right These parameters Calc precision E a Anisotropy 5i clean up the image This is the last Enable set of options that we are going to bother with right now You can use the File Options menu to write the options to a file This will save you all this work for the next time The last step before the main processing is a visual checking of the position of the cutters You need to go through every page and check that the cutters are correctly positioned Yes this is a bit boring but you can make it quick Put two fingers of the left hand onto the keys q and w pressing these keys will go to the previous next page With the right hand you hold the mouse and adjust the position of the cutters wherever needed Sometimes there is a skewed shadow or it is necessary for some reason to set the cutter line at an angle rather than vertically or horizontally Hold the Shift key and drag the cutter by its end to achieve this You can copy the cutter position from one page to another Right click on the cutter and you will see the menu as a shown For instance if the current MN
60. ptions or different programs you will be able to decide which method is best because you can then compare the quality of the results with the reference quality obtained by the methods in this tutorial 2 Scanning a book You pick up a thick volume Maybe you think that only a maniac could scan it page after page Yes you are right But you can become that kind of maniac and scan books of any size without much discomfort if you organize your work well For the impatient reader e use any flatbed scanner even a cheap one and a program such as IrfanView to control scanning e do not use a digital camera for scanning books e do not use FineReader for scanning books Why not use FineReader for scanning The FineReader is a good program for making OCR but is not optimal for scanning and for processing the scans with the goal of making a scanned e book FineReader attempts to give you a kind of all in one solution for scanning and processing e books please re sist the temptation to use just one program for everything You will not get good results with FineReader in any case nowhere as good as when you follow this tutorial FineReader has the following technical drawbacks 1 It sometimes uses JPEG for image compression This is not appropriate for black white text 2 It stores images internally as black white 300dpi TIFFs and auto rotates them Black white 300dpi is adequate for OCR but not op timal for digital scanned e b
61. rem For two isomorphic bundles E with transition functions des jectors P P by 1 1 7 Using lemma 1 1 3 we may wright P AR 1 1 8 1 1 8 S fi define the pro Figure 1 Two images of the same page one made by a digital camera an other by a cheap flatbed scanner The image made by a flatbed scanner was scanned at 300dpi greyscale and upsampled to 600dpi black white You can guess which image was made by the digital camera Yes the crappy one We recommend that you always use a flatbed scanner and scan at 300dpi greyscale or higher resolution For scanning you need basically any program that can work with your scan ner Under Windows the TWAIN scanner driver is popular Under Linux many scanners are supported by the VueScan program but you can use any other program as long as your scanner is supported You can scan using any program like IrfanView XnView ACDSee PhotoShop Note that IrfanView is small an free It is important that your scanning program does not try to do anything with the images in particular no deskew no optimizing no resizing nothing at all You should be able to tell the program just to save the scans for each page to the hard disk in the TIF format It is convenient if your scanning program can save scanned images for every page one after another numbering the files like pOOO1 tif pOOO2 tif etc For example VueScan and IrfanView can do this
62. rrectly and the images are clear The result after scanning the entire book is a directory full of TIFF files These files are the raw material that you will start processing after you fin ish scanning Note that you need sufficient disk space to store all those scans at least 4MB per scanned image After you finish scanning use a slideshow mode of some picture viewer to quickly preview the scanned images to make sure that you didn t miss any pages and that every page is adequately scanned It will be too late when you discover at the final processing stage that some pages are only half scanned or missing especially when the book has already left your hands Note When you scan the book scan all pages please do not omit any pages including title pages front matter including any information about the pub lisher the table of contents the index the bibliography empty pages in the middle of the book page numbers errata sheets or anything else You will 12 not save much time if you decide to skip 20 pages or so while scanning How ever a science book is almost unusable without bibliography and index and without exact information about its publication 8 3 Processing scans with ScanKromsator Now we discuss the processing software The first program is the wonderful ScanKromsator written by Bolega ScanKromsator is a very powerful tool for processing scanned material ScanKromsator has a very large number of useful funct
63. rtition of unity that is a collection of nonnegative functions such that 0 outside U and 3 1 1 1 6 Conversely given transition functions we can define the projector P x as a block matrix with n x n blocks as follows Let 2 be a quadratic partition of unity that is a collection of nonnegative functions such that p z 0 outside U and 1 1 1 6 Set a pif pi 3 1 2 N 1 1 7 Then using 1 1 1 1 1 2 we get D Pig Bik fii Fi Pw Pi fik pas 2 2 1 Pij bj 1 2 N 1 1 7 Then using 1 1 1 1 1 2 we get Y pis Pik pi D gt fish Fix pi fin Do Pjpk Pik j j j which means that the blocks p give a projector matrix The frame and the coframe matrices e and e can be given as which means that the blocks give a projector matrix The frame and the coframe matrices and can be given pii fa pai fia pii ape pa fii pin fri pu fa pin pNi fin fin It is easy to verify the identities 1 1 5 for these matrices This completes the proof of the first part of the theorem For two isomorphic bundles E E with transition functions f fi define the pro jectors P P by 1 1 7 Using lemma 1 1 3 we may wright f of It is easy to verify the identities 1 1 5 for these matrices This completes the proo the first part of the theo
64. select many files by holding the Shift key and the mouse but they will be selected in the inverse order in the box This is a bug in a Windows dialog box Look at the text in the file name field and check that you are selecting the files in the correct order After inserting the pages you need to Save as and select the Bundled format for DJVU and Bitonal option at 600dpi You can also edit the file documenttodjvu conf in the profiles directory and set pages per dict 100 or 200 The more pages per dictionary the slower is the compression process but the smaller the resulting file size Note that the Bitonal option or profile in the DJVU encoders is intended for purely black white scans while Scanned option is intended for scans that have some not many colors but no photographs Use the Photo option for photographs To make a DJVU file by batch you need DEE 5 1 First you need to create a special set of options or custom profile for the DJVU encoding job Run the Document Express Configuration Manager choose the profile Bitonal 6OOdpi from the list of profiles click Advanced settings and you will see the following dialog 1SThis is a rather large package there exists a stripped down version that takes only about 20MB on the hard disk 34 iy Document Express Enterprise Contiguration Manager documenttodjvu cont ReadOnty Fi Ex Select Profile Bitanal 600 d
65. sf net ScanKromsator 5 9 www djvu soft narod ru DjvuSolo 3 1 www djvu soft narod ru Djvu Editor 4 x 5 x 6 x DDE DEE www djvu soft narod ru FineReader 7 x 8 x www abbyy com DjvuOCR 2 2 djvuocr ucoz ru Djvu Hyperlinks Editor www djvu soft narod ru Big thanks to monday2000 for creating the website djvu soft narod ru Note for Linux users All the programs in this table work reasonably well under the standard Windows emulator wine However some programs Ir fanView DDE DEE FineReader may fail to install if you run setup exe for those programs You need to get portable or installed versions of these programs that do not require running an installer ScanTailor has a native Linux version that can be compiled from the sources l This is the Russian convention where the page numbering starts right away from the first page of the book In the Western typography the front matter usually has separate roman numbering so typical offsets will be not 1 but between 10 and 20 40 myscan Scan Tailor 0 9 8 File Tools Select Content 5 Layout el Outout Ini serium bourn ccrlitums shlinulil be adklisd ubl are anbisdirvl ie ihe 9 lateral surface A the region t Millimet m gx il 8 3 5 WIrnevers Here same ditlerential operalar wheel depenia cm aysin h m 4 aml elt ie the vecies finet defun Top 5 0 in d Below ony the Cauchy problem
66. t stage It is very important to have 600dpi as the output resolution in the Files tab Now click on the Options tab Set Deskew method Auto shear Resample filter Lanczos3 The setting De speckle Fine Normal or Safe switches an intelligent de speckle method that avoids removing the dots over i or j for example Text sensitivity controls the logic of the auto cutting Low sensitivity might cut off the page numbers if they are too far away from the text You may need to adjust the sensitivity settings a little bit but in most cases they do not need to be adjusted You can skip the Options 2 tab for now Click on the Con vert tab Here you set the threshold for converting greyscale images to black white Do not forget to hold the Ctrl key to set this for all pages as you select Threshold MiddleDark Experiment with other settings if you don t like the results Click the Quality tab there you can further control the con version to black white This is a very important function Set Enhance image Blur 1 and Sharpen 1 What is important is that the image will become smoother with this setting The values of Blur and Sharpen could be 2 instead of 1 although the value 1 is usually good A larger value will make the let ters more black You may need to experiment depending on the quality of printing in a particular book Another important option is Gray enhance Click on it since you hav
67. t from auto layer so that the automatic picture zone is effectively removed and then to draw your own picture zones and select add to auto layer What you add to auto layer will take precedence over what you subtract from auto layer If you click subtract from all layers this is the highest layer and will subtract also from your added layers The other possibility is not to tinker with picture zones but encode everything as color The color mode In that mode it is advisable to check the boxes white margins and adjust luminosity If you use this mode the entire image will be saved as a picture zone This will result in larger files but is entirely acceptable and perhaps necessary if you have very complicated graphics that are not greyscale Experiment and see what works best for your scans In any case you can immediately see what the output will be for each given page You will have to experiment until you find the right options You can then apply these options at once to a group of pages or to all pages by select ing the pages in the thumbnail column and pressing Apply To and then To selected pages 5 Encoding scans into DJVU Once the processing of raw scans is finished you have in the output folder a bunch of TIFF files which are almost all black white at 600dpi These TIFF files will take typically between 50 and 200 KB per page instead of about 4 MB that greyscale files
68. tial scans and you can send them to somebody else if you have trouble with stages 3 and 4 1 2 Why make a scanned book is OCR not good Here I will be mostly talking about scanning of old books on science math ematics or technical books For these books OCR is not practical because these books contain too many equations diagrams graphs etc No OCR pro gram can accurately recognize this kind of material The only solution is to scan and make images of all pages 1 3 How to get good quality of scans Such books are almost always printed purely in black white with perhaps very few pages having greyscale or color illustrations For that kind of books the highest quality of scanned e books is achieved if one uses 600dpi black white images for most pages So you need to scan either directly in 600dpi black white or at 300dpi greyscale and then process the scans to make them into 600dpi Tf you don t know what 600dpi means it s called the resolution of the image and means the number of image points pixels per inch dpi dots per inch black white If the book has a few pages with color illustrations you will need to scan them separately in 300dpi 24 bit color mode The same applies to colorful book covers that you also may want to scan Please note e Never scan at 300dpi black white The quality of the results is never as good as what you can get by scanning in 300dpi greyscale and following this tutorial or equivalent metho
69. to step 3 and flip manually through all pages to check that all is well If needed you will be able to return to any previous step for every page where that step produced an incorrect result As experience shows a non negligible amount of work is needed only for step 4 at this point The last step is output At this step which is usually quite slow but does not require any attention from you ScanTailor will produce the resulting TIFF files in the output directory After this step you should flip through the final page images again and check that everything is okay especially if there were any color illustrations see below If there are no color illustrations the output is usually fine without any further manual work It is important to understand that your original scanned TIFFs will never be changed ScanTailor will only produce some new TIFFs in a different directory and this will be done only at the last step the output These TIFFs will be the result of the ScanTailor processing 4 4 Correct errors after the draft run While the batch run is executing you see the big stop button in the middle of the ScanTailor window You can stop the automatic operation of ScanTailor at any time by pressing on this stop button Or you can save the project 23 file also at any time without stopping the automatic run This will save the information gathered up to that point What if the power is cut to your com puter Then

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