The bibclean manual in pdf format.
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1. 1 Letter case is not significant in field names and entry names but case is preserved in value strings 2 In field value pairs the field and value may be separated by one of three characters or space Space may optionally surround these separators gt gt nm 66 3 Value delimiters are any of these seven pairs lt gt 4 Value delimiters may not be nested even though with the first four delimiter pairs nested balanced delimiters would be unambiguous 5 Delimiters can be omitted around values that contain only letters digits sharp ampersand amp period and percent 6 Outside of delimited values a literal at sign is represented by doubled at signs 7 Bibliography entries begin with name as for BIBTEX but any of the seven SCRIBE value delimiter pairs may be used to surround the values in field value pairs As in 4 nested delimiters are forbid den 8 Arbitrary space may separate entry names from the following delimiters 9 Comment is a special command whose delimited value is discarded As in 4 nested delimiters are forbidden Version 2 11 4 09 May 1998 10 BIBCLEAN 1 BIBCLEAN 1 10 The special form Begin comment End comment permits encapsulating arbitrary text containing any characters or delimiters other than End com ment Any of the seven delimiter pairs may be used around the word comment following the Begin or2. End the delimiters in the two cases need not be the same and consequently Begin comment End comment pairs may not be nested 11 The key field is required in each bibliography entry 12 A backslashed quote in a string will be assumed to be a T X accent and braced appropriately While such accents do not conform to SCRIBE syntax SCRIBE format bibliographies have been found that appear to be intended for T X processing Because of this loose syntax bibclean s normal error detection heuristics are less effective and conse quently SCRIBE mode input is not the default it must be explicitly requested ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES BIBCLEANEXT File extension of bibliography specific initialization files Default ini BIBCLEANINI Name of bibclean initialization files Default bibcleanrc UNIX bibclean ini non UNIX BIBINPUTS Search path for bibclean and BIBTEX input files On UNIX this is a colon separated list of directories that are searched in order from first to last It is not an error for a specified directory to not exist On other operating systems the directory names should be separated by whatever char acter is used in system search path specifications such as a semicolon on IBM PC DOS PATH On Atari TOS IBM PC DOS IBM PC OS 2 Microsoft NT and UNIX search path for system executable files The system wide bibclean initialization file is searched for in this path SYS SYSTEM On
3. one of the characters lt space gt a subset of punctuation characters that are typically used in string values one or more special characters gt one or more special separated words beginning and ending with a word x exactly one x x is any character possibly with an escape sequence interpretation given earlier Version 2 11 4 09 May 1998 7 BIBCLEAN 1 BIBCLEAN 1 x exactly the character x x is anything but one of these pattern characters aAdDrRwW lt space gt The X pattern character is very powerful but generally inadvisable since it will match almost anything likely to be found in a BIBTpX value string The reason for providing pattern matching on the value strings is to uncover possible errors not mask them There is no provision for specifying ranges or repetitions of characters but this can usually be done with separate patterns It is a good idea to accompany the pattern with a comment showing the kind of thing it is expected to match Here is a portion of an initialization file giving a few of the patterns used to match num ber value strings number ANDAN 23 number WANA ADIT PN LPS5001 number ATAS DDJA 5 RJ 34 49 number TATA DATT XNSS 288811 number TATA DXA SDA Version 3 20 number A A D D UMIAC TR 89 11 number A A D CS TR 2189 number A A D D CS TR 21 7 For a bibliography that contains only article entr
4. 11 4 BIBCLEAN 1 With the positive form remove all field value pairs for which the value is an empty string This is helpful in cleaning up bibliographies generated from text editor templates Compare this option with no remove OPT pre fixes described below Default no With the positive form give detailed file position information in warning and error messages Default no With the positive form supply an additional brace level around font changes in titles to protect against downcasing by some BIBTEX styles Font changes that already have more than one level of braces are not modified For example if a title contains the Latin phrase em Dictyostelium Dis coideum or em Djictyostelium Dfiscoideum then downcasing will incorrectly convert the phrase to lower case letters Most BIBTEX users are surprised that bracing the initial letters does not prevent the downcase action The correct coding is Nem Dictyostelium Discoideum However there are also legitimate cases where an extra level of bracing wrongly pro tects from downcasing Consequently bibclean will normally not supply an extra level of braces but if you have a bibliography where the extra braces are routinely missing you can use this option to supply them If you think that you need this option it is strongly recommended that you apply bibclean to your bibliography file with and without fix font changes then compare the two output files to ensure that e
5. at a backslash newline pair and consequently software that processes the lexical token stream should be prepared to col lapse such wrapped lines back into single lines As an example of the use of no prettyprint the UNIX command pipeline bibclean no prettyprint mylib bib awk 2 KEY print 3 sed e s g sort will extract a sorted list of all citation keys in the file mylib bib A certain amount of processing will have been done on the tokens In particular delimiters equivalent to braces will have been replaced by braces and braced strings will have become quoted strings The LITERAL token type is used for arbitrary text that bibclean does not examine further such as the con tents of a Preamble ora Comment The UNKNOWN token type should never appear in the output stream It is used internally to initialize token type variables SCRIBE BIBLIOGRAPHY FORMAT bibclean s support for the SCRIBE bibliography format is based on the syntax description in the SCRIBE Introductory User s Manual 3rd Edition May 1980 SCRIBE was originally developed by Brian Reid at Carnegie Mellon University and is now marketed by Unilogic Ltd The BIBTEX bibliography format was strongly influenced by SCRIBE and indeed with care it is possible to share bibliography files between the two systems Nevertheless there are some differences so here is a summary of features of the SCRIBE bibliography file format
6. is implemented Field pattern pairs can be separated by arbitrary space and optionally either an equals sign or colon func tioning as an assignment operator Thus the following are equivalent pages D D ww pages D D pages D D pages D D pages D D pages D D Each field name can have an arbitrary number of patterns associated with it however they must be speci fied in separate field pattern assignments An empty pattern string causes previously loaded patterns for that field name to be forgotten This feature permits an initialization file to completely discard patterns from earlier initialization files Patterns for value strings are represented in a tiny special purpose language that is both convenient and suit able for bibliography value string syntax checking While not as powerful as the language of regular expression patterns its parsing can be portably implemented in less than 3 of the code in a widely used regular expression parser the GNU regexp package The patterns are represented by the following special characters lt space gt one or more spaces exactly one letter one or more letters exactly one digit oap one or more digits exactly one Roman numeral one or more Roman numerals i e a Roman number exactly one word one or more letters and digits a4 77 one or more space separated words beginning and ending with a word one special character
7. positive form remove the OPT prefix from each field name where the corresponding value is not an empty string The prefix OPT must be entirely in upper case to be recognized This option is for bibliographies generated with the help of the GNU Emacs BIBTEX editing support which generates templates with optional fields identified by the OPT prefix Although the function M x bibtex remove OPT normally bound to the keystrokes C c C o does the job users often forget with the result that BIBTRX does not recognize the field name and ignores the value string Compare this option with no delete empty values described above Default no With the positive form accept input syntax conforming to the SCRIBE docu ment system The output will be converted to conform to BIBTEX syntax See the SCRIBE BIBLIOGRAPHY FORMAT manual section for further 09 May 1998 4 BIBCLEAN 1 BIBCLEAN 1 details Default no no trace file opening With the positive form record in the error log file the names of all files which bibclean attempts to open Use this option to identify where initial ization files are located Default no no warnings With the positive form allow all warning messages The negative form is not recommended since it may mask problems that should be repaired Default yes version Display the program version number on stderr and then exit with a success return code This will also include an indicatio
8. unlimited so max width 0 can be used to ensure that each field value pair appears on a single line When no prettyprint requests bibclean to act as a lexical analyzer the default line width is unlimited unless overridden by this option When bibclean is prettyprinting line wrapping will be done only at a space Consequently a long non blank character sequence may result in the output exceeding the requested line width When bibclean is lexing line wrapping is done by inserting a backslash newline pair when the specified maximum is reached so no line length will ever exceed the maximum With the positive form align the equals sign in key value assignments at the same column separated by a single space from the value string Otherwise the equals sign follows the key separated by a single space Default no With the positive form apply heuristic pattern matching to field values in order to detect possible errors e g year 192 instead of year 1992 and issue warnings when unexpected patterns are found This checking is usually beneficial but if it produces too many bogus warn ings for a particular bibliography file you can disable it with the negative form of this option Default yes 09 May 1998 2 BIBCLEAN 1 no delete empty values no file position no fix font changes no fix initials no fix names no German style no keep linebreaks Version 2
9. BIBCLEAN 1 BIBCLEAN 1 NAME bibclean prettyprint and syntax check BibTeX and Scribe bibliography data base files SYNOPSIS bibclean author error log filename help init file filename max width nnn no align equals no check values no delete empty values no file position no fix font changes no fix initials no fix names no German style no keep linebreaks no keep parbreaks no keep preamble spaces no keep spaces no keep string spaces no parbreaks no prettyprint no print patterns no read init files no remove OPT prefixes no scribe no trace file opening no warnings version lt infile or bibfilel bibfile2 bibfile3 gt outfile All options can be abbreviated to a unique leading prefix An explicit file name of represents standard input it is assumed if no input files are specified On VAX VMS and IBM PC DOS the leading on option names may be replaced by a slash how ever the option prefix is always recognized DESCRIPTION bibclean prettyprints input BIBTEX files to stdout and checks the brace balance and bibliography entry syntax as well It can be used to detect problems in BIBTEX files that sometimes confuse even BIBTEX itself and importantly can be used to normali
10. Default no Normally line breaks inside value strings are collapsed into a single space so that long value strings can later be broken to provide lines of reasonable length With the positive form linebreaks are preserved in value strings If max width is set to zero this preserves the original line breaks Spacing outside 09 May 1998 3 BIBCLEAN 1 no keep parbreaks no keep preamble spaces no keep spaces no keep string spaces no parbreaks no prettyprint no print patterns no read init files no remove OPT prefixes no scribe Version 2 11 4 BIBCLEAN 1 value strings remains under bibclean s control and is not affected by this option Default no With the positive form preserve paragraph breaks either formfeeds or lines containing only spaces in value strings Normally paragraph breaks are collapsed into a single space Spacing outside value strings remains under bibclean s control and is not affected by this option Default no With the positive form preserve all whitespace in Preamble entries Default no With the positive form preserve all spaces in value strings Normally mul tiple spaces are collapsed into a single space This option can be used together with keep linebreaks keep parbreaks and max width 0 to preserve the form of value strings while still providing syntax and value checking Spacing outside value s
11. VAX VMS search path for system executable files and the system wide bibclean initialization file FILES bib BIBTEX and SCRIBE bibliography data base files ini File specific initialization files bibcleanrc UNIX system wide and user specific initialization files bibclean ini Non UNIX system wide and user specific initialization files SEE ALSO bibcheck 1 bibdup 1 bibextract 1 bibindex 1 bibjoin 1 biblabel 1 biblex 1 biblook 1 biborder 1 bibparse 1 bibsort 1 bibtex 1 bibunlex 1 citefind 1 citesub 1 citetags 1 latex 1 scribe 1 tex 1 AUTHOR Nelson H F Beebe Center for Scientific Computing University of Utah Department of Mathematics 322 INSCC 155 S 1400 E RM 233 Salt Lake City UT 84112 0090 USA Tel 1 801 581 5254 FAX 1 801 585 1640 1 801 581 4148 Version 2 11 4 09 May 1998 11 BIBCLEAN 1 BIBCLEAN 1 Email beebe math utah edu beebe acm org beebe ieee org Internet URL http www math utah edu beebe Version 2 11 4 09 May 1998 12
12. as bibcheck 1 bibdup 1 bibextract 1 bibindex 1 bibjoin 1 biblabel 1 biblook 1 biborder 1 bibsort 1 citefind 1 and citetags 1 to process the text and also is the one expected by the GNU Emacs BIBTEX support functions OPTIONS Command line switches may be abbreviated to a unique leading prefix and letter case is not significant All options are parsed before any input bibliography files are read no matter what their order on the com mand line Options that correspond to a yes no setting of a flag have a form with a prefix no to set the Version 2 11 4 09 May 1998 1 BIBCLEAN 1 BIBCLEAN 1 flag to no For such options the last setting determines the flag value used This is significant when options are also specified in initialization files see the INITIALIZATION FILES manual section The leading hyphen that distinguishes an option from a filename may be doubled for compatibility with GNU and POSIX conventions Thus author and author are equivalent To avoid confusion with options if a filename begins with a hyphen it must be disguised by a leading abso lute or relative directory path e g tmp foo bib or foo bib author error log filename help or init file filename max width nnn no Jalign equals no check values Version 2 11 4 Display an author credit on the standard error unit stderr and then exit with a success return code Sometimes an executabl
13. e cases however it may be desirable to associate a different message with a particular pattern This can be done by supplying a message string following the pattern string Format items single percent e entry name f field name k citation key and v string value are available to get current values expanded in the messages Here is an example chapter D D Colon found in Sf Sv 23 2 To be consistent with other messages output by bibclean the message string should not end with punctua tion If you wish to make the message an error rather than just a warning begin it with a query 7 like this chapter D D Colon found in f Sv 23 2 The query will not be included in the output message Escape sequences are supported in message strings just as they are in pattern strings You can use this to advantage for fancy things such as terminal display mode control If you rewrite the previous example as chapter D D 2 033 7mColon found in Sf Sv 033 0m 23 2 the error message will appear in inverse video on display screens that support ANSI terminal control Version 2 11 4 09 May 1998 8 BIBCLEAN 1 BIBCLEAN 1 sequences Such practice is not normally recommended since it may have undesirable effects on some out put devices Nevertheless you may find it useful for restricted applications For some types of bibliography fields bibclean con
14. e program is separated from its documentation and source code this option provides a way to recover from that Redirect stderr to the indicated file which will then contain all of the error and warning messages This option is provided for those systems that have difficulty redirecting stderr Display a help message on stderr giving a usage description similar to this section of the manual pages and then exit with a success return code Provide an explicit value pattern initialization file It will be processed after any system wide and job wide initialization files found on the PATH for VAX VMS SYS SYSTEM and BIBINPUTS search paths respectively and may override them It in turn may be overridden by a subsequent file specific initialization file The initialization file name can be changed at compile time or at run time through a setting of the environment variable BIBCLEANINI but defaults to bibcleanrc on UNIX and to bibclean ini elsewhere For further details see the INITIALIZATION FILES manual section bibclean normally limits output line widths to 72 characters and in the interests of consistency that value should not be changed Occasionally special purpose applications may require different maximum line widths so this option provides that capability The number following the option name can be specified in decimal octal starting with 0 or hexadecimal starting with Ox A zero or negative value is interpreted to mean
15. field pattern message triple Comments are stripped during the parsing of the field pattern and message values The comment start symbol is not recognized inside quoted strings so it can be freely used in such strings Comments on logical lines that were input as multiple physical lines via the backslash newline convention must appear on the last physical line otherwise the remaining physical lines will become part of the com ment Pattern strings must be enclosed in quotation marks within such strings a backslash starts an escape mech anism that is commonly used in UNIX software The recognized escape sequences are a alarm bell octal 007 b backspace octal 010 f formfeed octal 014 Version 2 11 4 09 May 1998 6 BIBCLEAN 1 BIBCLEAN 1 n newline octal 012 r carriage return octal 015 t horizontal tab octal 011 v vertical tab octal 013 ooo character number octal ooo e g 012 is linefeed Up to 3 octal digits may be used Oxhh character number hexadecimal hh e g OxOa is linefeed xhh may be in either letter case Any number of hexadecimal digits may be used Backslash followed by any other character produces just that character Thus gets a literal percent into a string preventing its interpretation as a comment produces a quotation mark and produces a single backslash An ASCII NUL 0 in a string will terminate it this is a feature of the C programming language in which bibclean
16. hing host library routines together with regular expression patterns that come entirely from initialization files e The third version uses special patterns that come entirely from initialization files The second and third versions are the ones of most interest here because they allow the user to control what values are considered acceptable However command line options can also be specified in initializa tion files no matter which pattern matching choice was selected Version 2 11 4 09 May 1998 5 BIBCLEAN 1 BIBCLEAN 1 When bibclean starts it searches for initialization files finding the first one in the system executable pro gram search path on UNIX and IBM PC DOS PATH and the first one in the BIBINPUTS search path and processes them in turn Then when command line arguments are processed any additional files speci fied by init file filename options are also processed Finally immediately before each named bibliography file is processed an attempt is made to process an initialization file with the same name but with the exten sion changed to ini The default extension can be changed by a setting of the environment variable BIB CLEANEXT This scheme permits system wide user wide session wide and file specific initialization files to be supported When input is taken from stdin there is no file specific initialization For precise control the no read init files option suppresses all initialization files except t
17. hose explicitly named by init file filename options either on the command line or in requested initialization files Recursive execution of initialization files with nested init file options is permitted if the recursion is cir cular bibclean will finally get a non fatal initialization file open failure after opening too many files This terminates further initialization file processing As the recursion unwinds the files are all closed then execution proceeds normally An initialization file may contain empty lines comments from percent to end of line just like TEX option switches and field pattern or field pattern message assignments Leading and trailing spaces are ignored This is best illustrated by a short example o This is a small bibclean initialization file init file u math bib bibcleanrc departmental patterns chapter p 23 pages p p 23 27 volume D an d D 6 11 and 12 year dddd dddd dddd Multiple years specified 1989 1990 1991 no fix names do not modify author editor lists Long logical lines can be split into multiple physical lines by breaking at a backslash newline pair the backslash newline pair is discarded This processing happens while characters are being read before any further interpretation of the input stream Each logical line must contain a complete option and its value if any or a complete field pattern pair or a
18. ies this list should probably be reduced to just the first pat tern so that anything other than a digit string fails the pattern match test This is easily done by keeping bibliography specific patterns in a corresponding file with extension ini since that file is read automati cally You should be sure to use empty pattern strings in this pattern file to discard patterns from earlier initializa tion files The value strings passed to the pattern matcher contain surrounding quotes so the patterns should also However you could use a pattern specification like D to match an initial digit string followed by any thing else the omission of the final quotation mark in the pattern allows the match to succeed without checking that the next character in the value string is a quotation mark Because the value strings are intended to be processed by TX the pattern matching ignores braces and TEX control sequences together with any space following those control sequences Spaces around braces are preserved This convention allows the pattern fragment A AD D to match the value string TN K slash 27 70 because the value is implicitly collapsed to TN K27 70 during the matching operation bibclean s normal action when a string value fails to match any of the corresponding patterns is to issue a warning message something like this Unexpected value in year 192 In most cases that is suffi cient to alert the user to a problem In som
19. n of who compiled the pro gram the host name on which it was compiled the time of compilation and the type of string value matching code selected when that information is available to the compiler ERROR RECOVERY AND WARNINGS When bibclean detects an error it issues an error message to both stderr and stdout That way the user is clearly notified and the output bibliography also contains the message at the point of error Error messages begin with a distinctive pair of queries beginning in column 1 followed by the input file name and line number If the file position option was specified they also contain the input and output positions of the current file entry and value Each position includes the file byte number the line number and the column number In the event of a runaway string argument the entry and value positions should precisely pinpoint the erroneous bibliography entry and the file positions will indicate where it was detected which may be rather later in the files Warning messages identify possible problems and are therefore sent only to stderr and not to stdout so they never appear in the output file They are identified by a distinctive pair of percents beginning in column 1 and as with error messages may be followed by file position messages if the file position option was specified For convenience the first line of each error and warning message sent to stderr is formatted according to the ex
20. pectations of the GNU Emacs next error command You can invoke bibclean with the Emacs M x compile lt RET gt bibclean filename bib gt filename new command then use the next error command normally bound to C x that s a grave or back accent to move to the location of the error in the input file If error messages are ignored and left in the output bibliography file they will precipitate an error when the bibliography is next processed with BIBTEX After issuing an error message bibclean then resynchronizes its input by copying it verbatim to stdout until a new bibliography entry is recognized on a line in which the first non blank character is an at sign This ensures that nothing is lost from the input file s allowing corrections to be made in either the input or the output files However if bibclean detects an internal error in its data structures it will terminate abruptly without further input or output processing this kind of error should never happen and if it does it should be reported immediately to the author of the program Errors in initialization files and running out of dynamic memory will also immediately terminate bibclean INITIALIZATION FILES bibclean can be compiled with one of three different types of pattern matching the choice is made by the installer at compile time e The original version uses explicit hand coded tests of value string syntax e The second version uses regular expression pattern matc
21. s increasingly important as your bibliography data base grows LEXICAL ANALYSIS When no prettyprint is specified bibclean acts as a lexical analyzer instead of a prettyprinter producing output in lines of the form lt token number gt lt tab gt lt token name gt lt tab gt lt token value gt Each output line contains a single complete token identified by a small integer number for use by a com puter program a token type name for human readers and a string value in quotes Special characters in the token value string are represented with ANSI ISO Standard C escape sequences so all characters other than NUL are representable and multi line values can be represented in a single line Here are the token numbers and token type names that can appear in the output when prettyprint is speci fied UNKNOWN ABBREV AT COMMA COMMENT ENTRY EQUALS FIELD INCLUDE INLINE KEY LBRACE LITERAL NEWLINE PREAMBLE SCADNAWNK CO p p pi p pah RWONH OY Version 2 11 4 09 May 1998 9 BIBCLEAN 1 BIBCLEAN 1 15 RBRACE 16 SHARP 17 SPACE 18 STRING 19 VALUE Programs that parse such output should also be prepared for lines beginning with the warning prefix or the error prefix and for ANSI ISO Standard C line number directives of the form line 273 texbook1 bib which record the line number and file name of the current input file If a max width nnn command line option was specified long output lines will be wrapped
22. tains special purpose code to supplement or replace the pattern matching e CODEN ISBN and ISSN field values are handled this way because their validation requires evaluation of checksums that cannot be expressed by simple patterns no patterns are even used in these three cases e When bibclean is compiled with pattern matching code support chapter number pages and volume values are checked only by pattern matching e month values are first checked against the standard BIBTEX month abbreviations and only if no match is found are patterns then used e year values are first checked against patterns then if no match is found the year numbers are found and converted to integer values for testing against reasonable bounds Values for other fields are checked only against patterns You can provide patterns for any field you like even ones bibclean does not already know about New ones are simply added to an internal table that is searched for each string to be validated The special field key represents the bibliographic citation key It can be given patterns like any other field Here is an initialization file pattern assignment that will match an author name a colon an alphabetic string and a two digit year key A Add 6 Knuth TB86 Notice that no quotation marks are included in the pattern because the citation keys are not quoted You can use such patterns to help enforce uniform naming conventions for citation keys which i
23. trings remains under bibclean s control and is not affected by this option Default no With the positive form preserve all whitespace in String entries Default no With the negative form a paragraph break either a formfeed or a line con taining only spaces is not permitted in value strings or between field value pairs This may be useful to quickly trap runaway strings arising from mis matched delimiters Default yes Normally bibclean functions as a prettyprinter However with the negative form of this option it acts as a lexical analyzer instead producing a stream of lexical tokens See the LEXICAL ANALYSIS manual section for fur ther details Default yes With the positive form print the value patterns read from initialization files as they are added to internal tables Use this option to check newly added patterns or to see what patterns are being used When bibclean is compiled with native pattern matching code the default these patterns are the ones that will be used in checking value strings for valid syntax and all of them are specified in initialization files rather than hard coded into the program For further details see the INITIALIZA TION FILES manual section Default no With the negative form suppress loading of system user and file specific initialization files Initializations will come only from those files explicitly given by init file filename options Default yes With the
24. xtra braces are not being supplied in titles where they should not be present You will have to decide which of the two output files is the better choice then repair the incorrect title bracing by hand Since font changes in titles are uncommon except for cases of the type which this option is designed to correct it should do more good than harm Default no With the positive form insert a space after a period following author ini tials Default yes With the positive form reorder author and editor name lists to remove com mas at brace level zero placing first names or initials before last names Default yes With the positive form interpret quote characters inside braced value strings at brace level 1 according to the conventions of the TEX style file german sty which overloads quote to simplify input and representation of German umlaut accents sharp s es zet ligature separators invisible hyphens raised lowered quotes French guillemets and discretionary hyphens Recognized character combinations will be braced to prevent BIBTEX from interpreting the quote as a string delimiter Quoted strings receive no special handling from this option and since Ger man nouns in titles must anyway be protected from the downcasing opera tion of most BIBTEX bibliography styles German value strings that use the overloaded quote character can always be entered in the form with out the need to specify this option at all
25. ze the appearance of collections of BIBTEX files Here is a summary of the formatting actions e BIBTEX items are formatted into a consistent structure with one field value pair per line and the ini tial and trailing right brace in column 1 e Tabs are expanded into blank strings their use is discouraged because they inhibit portability and can suffer corruption in electronic mail e Long string values are split at a blank and continued onto the next line with leading indentation e A single blank line separates adjacent bibliography entries e Text outside BIBTEX entries is passed through verbatim e Outer parentheses around entries are converted to braces e Personal names in author and editor field values are normalized to the form P D Q Bach from P D Q Bach and Bach P D Q e Hyphen sequences in page numbers are converted to en dashes e Month values are converted to standard BIBTEX string abbreviations e In titles sequences of upper case characters at brace level zero are braced to protect them from being converted to lower case letters by some bibliography styles e CODEN ISBN International Standard Book Number and ISSN International Standard Serial Num ber entry values are examined to verify the checksums of each listed number and correct ISBN hyphenation is automatically supplied The standardized format of the output of bibclean facilitates the later application of simple filters such
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