XV International PhD Workshop OWD 2013, 19–22 October 2013
Contents
1. C18 It has 16 MIPS operation 64K bytes of linear program memory 3896 bytes of linear data memory and support for a wide range of power supply from 1 8V to 5V It s loaded with great modules 36 General purpose I O pins 30 Analog Input pins AD Digital To Analog Converter DAC support for Capacitive Touch Sensing using Charge Time Measurement Unit CIMU three 8 bit timers and four 16 bit timers It also has pair of CCP Comparators and MSSP modules which can be either SPI or C 302 w Fie im rs gt Sahl el W i ua to N io ae sie E ou ae Din a 3 Dee d i ak 3 S Sic ii S 4 us i Tel E f I in p a CI a Sh j i 5 ia Jef 26X64 n 5 P s Gal X a SEVEN REGIMENT F AY D zog it p e IE EZAR 7 v s pa a ry f ool fh P ome cone 4 rt j2 3 j 4 X eksi 4 Y FFF J gt g GLCD 1 Fig 2 Easy PIC v7 By using this board the developer has a bunch of opportunity In this board there is a built in Liquid Chrystal Display LEDs buttons 7 segment display and of course a lot of other sensors and output devices Fig 2 1 1 3 Arduino Arduino is an open source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible easy to use hardware and software It s intended for artists designers hobbyists and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments U U Oah NON Ah bh W bh Nw Oo A as 62. Oo DIGITAL The microcontroller on the board is programmed using the Arduino programming language based on Wiring and the Arduino development environment based on Processing Arduino projects can be stand alone or they can communicate with software running on a computer e g Flash Processing One of the most popular boards is the Arduino Mega 2560 Fig 3 It has 54 digital I O pins 2 of which 15 provides PWM 16MHz clock speed and 256 KB flash memoty 1 2 As in the previous sections it has also been presented these boards provide a very wide range of opportunities for technical terms Tab 1 To make this into a successful project appropriate software and support is required too Thus the choice have fallen on the Arduino board because of the existing libraries discussion forums sample programs to Conclusion assist the development On the other hand there are plenty of pins to use and this structure of the hardware and software is ideal for this type of prototyping Tab 1 Comparison of the available boards Arduino Mega2560 Raspberry Pi Model B 20 MHz 700 MHz 64Kb 256 Mb 36 4 _ Now we know which will be the brain of the game controller let s see the other parts The other main parts are presented on Fig 4 In the second chapter the details of the electrical part will be shown including the hardware In the third chapter the software part will be discussed and then in
3. XV International PhD Workshop OWD 2013 19 22 October 2013 Development of a custom retro game console Nora Halachy BSc student Viktor Devecseri PhD student P ter Korondi DSc Budapest University of Technology and Economics Abstract In this paper the development of a complex mechatronic product through the example of a custom retro game console including the integration of the electronic components programming and manufacturing is presented There is an overview and a comparison of the available components As a result of this comparison the best components can be chosen to the game console Through the explanation of the functional block diagram the functionality of the device can be easily explained Beyond the electrical part a minimal framework for game and application programming is presented Finally some highlights about how an idea evolved into a real product through design and construction is shown 1 Intro Recently the goal for the manufacturers of the games is to achieve maximum gaming experience using maximum technical parameters Now games can be played in 3D or in very high resolution which results in very realistic games but we think the maximum gaming experience doesn t depend on the technical parameters In opinion the gameplay is up to the game s atmosphere In spirit of this our product was developed and the goal was to provide classic games such as Snake Simple games but unique gaming expe
4. echnology and Economics Bertalan Lajos Street 4 6 1111 Budapest tel 36 1 463 2602 fax 36 1 463 3787 email sablacsoki gmail com and MSc Viktor Devecseri Budapest University and Technology and Economics Bertalan Lajos Street 4 6 1111 Budapest tel 36 1 463 2602 fax 36 1 463 3787 email devi mogi bme hu DSc P ter Korondi Budapest University Technology and Economics Bertalan Lajos Street 4 6 1111 Budapest tel 36 1 463 2602 fax 36 1 463 3787 email korondi mogi bme hu and
5. gether so this way the edges of the individual layers can be hided al Fig 10 The display with the controller The main body s physical size will probably approach an average television Fig 10 but not with 16 9 aspect ratio it s around 4 3 The controller is almost the same size with the other existing game controllers in the market 5 Summary This project needed a lot of knowledge and experience from different areas and its started totally from zero In a few weeks from blueprints and schematics it s became something real something concrete The point was to make something simple but giving high gaming experience We reached our goal and we hope other people will enjoy this game too In the future we d like to make a little bit bigger display with RBG LEDs and make the body foldable and saving place when the game console is 305 not in use Furthermore built in speakers and sound effects can increase the gaming experience 6 Bibliography 1 Raspberry Pi http www taspberrypi org the official page of the Raspberry Pi 2 Arduino Official Arduino http www arduino cc 3 Mikroelektronika FEasyPIC v7 user manual http www mikroe com 4 Texas Instruments ITLO5940NT datasheet http www ti com lit ds symlink tlc5940 pdf 5 Efunda Laminated Object Manufacturing http www efunda com processes rapid_prot otyping lom cfm Page Authors Nora Halachy Budapest University T
6. he Arduino is not increasing but the number of the connected LEDs are increased The controller contains 8 pushbuttons and one LED for checking the connection with the Arduino board This LED is turned on if the controller is connected to the board For the LED matrix we used blue 3 mm LEDs Luminous intensity is between 3000 and 4000 millicandelas The beam angle is 20 so one LED s luminous flux can be easily calculated The number of lumens Im per LED is 0 38 3 Software On Fig 7 the software architecture is shown The darker cells are implemented by us and the white cells are open source components 5 LED matrix lib Controller 5 TLC lib g S 54 Arduino L Fig 7 The architecture of the software To use the hardware of Arduino Wiring gives an easy to use Object Orientated interface for example easier handling of pins timers PWM etc The TLC library hides the details of the SDI communication and provides a simpler interface to control the LED driver The LED matrix library controls the LEDs through the TLC library The Controller library makes easier to get information about each button s state Using a pushbutton the bounce button phenomenon needs to be avoided With the controller library the button state is only a boolean variable which value is debounced by processing the button events 3 1 After the initialization the game s main loop starts The first task is to chec
7. k the input via the Controller library If there is any input the program handles it and the internal state of the game is updated If there isn t any event from the user the game s internal state will be also updated for example the snake is moving forward naturally without interruption Then the display will be refreshed which means that the output the LED matrix will be physically refreshed and the internal state will be the same as the external Game logic 4 Physical implementation The main material of the body and the controller is wood On Fig 8 one moment of the Snake game is shown Behind the white plastic planes there are blue LEDs Owing to the small white plastic planes each LED provides a homogenous diffuse light At the bottom there is an N character This is lighten if the game controller is switched on and it s dark if it s switched off This is a feedback to the user and a design element too Fig 8 Main body concept 304 Fig 9 Controller concept The controller Fig 9 is made with LOM Laminated Object Manufacturing This is a rapid prototyping system 5 First the appropriate shape must be cut The body is divided by layers In one step only one layer can be made so the whole body will be ready if the layers are glued together successfully For cutting the layers we used a laser cutter machine Then the layers need to be skived to
8. rience is guaranteed This product is completely developed by us and consists of a game controller an 8x10 LED matrix and a central logic unit This kind of game controller can t be found commercially 1 1 Choosing the right microcontroller was the first step because this can strongly influences the course of the development and the outcome too Taking into account the project s specialties three boards are found to be suitable for the final construction Available components 1 1 1 Raspberry Pi Model B The Raspberry Pi is a credit card sized single board computer Fig 1 has a Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip which includes an ARM 700 MHz processor Model B has 512 MB of RAM it uses an SD card for booting and long term storage nn ols el shui ret Bahai yi Fig 1 Raspberry Pi Model B It has 8 GPIO pins 5V 3 3V ground but even if the 700MHz 1 clock speed is amazing the 8 GPIO pins is not enough for this project The TLC5940 LED driver needs 5 pins and one controller has at least 4 pushbuttons Connecting more than one controller to the Raspberry Pi is harder because the number of available GPIO pins The Raspberry Pi can run different operation systems for free such as Linux Raspbian For prototyping another board can be more efficient without an operation system 1 1 2 PIC boards EasyPIC boards were equipped with PIC16 chip 3 but this new version EasyPIC v7 is equipped with PI
9. the fourth chapter the physical implementation of the construction will be presented In the end there will be a short summary of the whole project Fig 4 Overview 2 Electronics On Fig 5 the functional block diagram is shown The controlling unit is an Arduino board which is controlling the LED drivers In contrary the illustration there are 5 LED drivers in the real circuit LED matrix contains 8x10 blue LEDs OUTPUT TLC5940 LED driver TLC5940 LED driver Controller Fig 5 The functional block diagram of the system The TLC 5940 Fig 6 is a 16 channel constant current sink LED driver It has a 12 bit 4096 steps erayscale PWM control and a 6 bit 64 steps dot 303 correction LED power supply voltage is up to 17 V communicates via Serial Data Interface 4 NT PACKAGE TOP VIEW OUT1 1 OUTO OUT2 2 VPRG OUT3 3 SIN OUT4 4 SCLK OUT5 I5 XLAT OUT6 6 BLANK OUT7 7 GND OUT8 8 VCC OUTS 9 IREF OUT10 DCPRG OUT11 GSCLK OUT12 SOUT OUT13 XERR OUT14 OUT15 Fig 6 Channels of the LED driver 4 This device makes it possible to control 16 LEDs using 5 pins not counting the VCC and GND in the Arduino board It s possible to chain these drivers if more than one is needed In this case the number of requested pins on t
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