Paragon NTFS&HFS for Linux 9 -
Contents
1. O 2014 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Frequently Asked Questions 38 After checking is completed the following summary window is displayed Some problems were found and fixed Any files that were affected by these problems were moved to a folder named Found on the device or disk Your device or disk is now ready to use If you removed the device or disk before all files were fully written to it parts of some files might still be missing If so go back to the source and recopy those files to your device or disk After user clicks Details the window is expanded and more detailed information is displayed to the user Some problems were found and fixed Any files that were affected by these problems were moved to a folder named Found on the device or disk Your device or disk is now ready to use If you removed the device or disk before all files were fully written to it parts of some files might still be missing If so go back to the source and recopy those files to your device or disk Volume dismounted All opened handles to this volume are now invalid Volume label is EssentialRED320GB CHKDSK is verifying files stage 1 of 3 4608 file records processed File verification completed2. 9 3 Installing the Drivers ccscssesseeeeceeeeeeeeeseeneeseeeeesensneeneneeseeesesessseeneeseeseesnsenees 9 4 Uninstalling the Drivers ss 11 Part IV Using The Driver 14 CH due EE Te CT EEN 14 2 Mounting NTFS HFS Partitions 14 3 Dirty flag KT 14 A GPT ISSUES E ia divo 15 5 Issues with large HDDs coercere aci Fi eden Enn CR 16 6 Unmounting NTFS HFS Partitions 16 7 Choosing the codepage charset for NTFS HFS alij m 16 Part V Mount options 19 SAA 19 Part VI Additional Utilities 23 1 Ifl cis ina 23 MANOS e ele 23 COOKIES 24 KAN TEEN 25 UKE esis ic scccinsccdevecvcsivedansscesnstveccesseasceecetvcevevsrssoasentecensvsessonuessosensdeessdsoeseucesessnvene 25 ilic 26 Part VII Troubleshooting 29 O 2014 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Contents 1 Troubleshooting processes iii 29 2 Mount toubleshooting es 30 3 The install sh script can t find kernel sources 30 4 Can t
3. Option Mount options 20 Expected behavior and examples uid o uid USERID By default all files on a mounted NTFS HFS volume are owned by root By specifying the uid parameter you can set an owner of files The userid can be any name from etc passwd or any number representing a user id gid o gid GROUPID By default all files on a mounted NTFS HFS volume are owned by group root By specifying the gid parameter you can set a owner group of the files The groupid can be any name from etc group or any number representing a group id umask o umask VALUE The default permissions given to a mounted NTFS HFS volume are for security reasons The umask option controls these permissions for files directories created after the volume is mounted mount t ufsd dev hdal mnt ntfs_0 o umask 0222 fmask dmask o fmask VALUE o dmask VALUE umask option changes the permissions for new created files and directories fmask is applied to files dmask to directories that already exist on a mounted volume The effect of these options can be combined To mount Samba FTP or NFS shares the combination of umask 000 fmask 000 dmask 000 is usually specified ro bestcompr sparse force To mount an NTFS HFS volume in read only mode Instructs the driver to use highest compression level when writing compressed files High CPU load Create new files as sparse This feature all
4. 1 large file records processed 0 bad file records processed 0 EA records processed 0 reparse records processed CHKDSK is verifying indexes stage 2 of 3 5112 index entries processed Index verification completed CHKDSK is verifying security descriptors stage 3 of 3 4608 file SDs SIDs processed Security descriptor verification completed 253 data files processed CHKDSK is verifying Usn Journal Repairing Usn Journal file record segment 1310696 USN bytes processed Usn Journal verification completed Windows has made corrections to the file system O 2014 Paragon Software Group s Paracon SOFTWARE GROUP 39 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 In case there are no errors the following information is displayed Checking Disk Xtreamer E Your device or disc was successfully scanned A Hide details Close Volume label is Xtreamer CHKDSK is verifying files stage 1 of 3 4224 file records processed File verification completed 15 large file records processed 0 bad file records processed 0 EA records processed 0 reparse records processed CHKDSK is verifying indexes stage 2 of 3 5246 index entries processed Index verification completed 0 unindexed files processed CHKDSK is verifying security descriptors stage 3 of 3 4224 security descriptors processed Security descriptor verification completed 511 data files processed Windows has ch
5. Note NTFS and HFS drivers for Linux as well as utilities were written using UFSD SDK O 2014 Paragon Software Group Yfiparacon Paracon SOFTWARE GROUP 3 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 1 3 How UFSD works on Linux Modern operating systems are based on the concept of Installable File System drivers IFS User simply needs to provide an operating system with the proper file system driver to work with the file system in usual manner Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux includes NTFS and HFS drivers for Linux environment Once appropriate components of Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux are installed the operating system can mount these file systems and work with directories files stored on the file systems 1 4 Key Features Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 is released in the Express and Professional Editions All of the products share the following features e Transparent read write access to NTFS and HFS volumes e High performance in some cases even better than Ext4 FS e Easy installation and uninstallation assistant scripts e Support for the latest Linux Kernels and distributions e Support for SMP kernels e No system degradation during data transfers e AI NTFS versions supported e Unlimited file and volume size within NTFS HFS and Kernel limitations What s new in Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 e Support for modern Linux Kernels from 2 6 36 to 3 14 x e Driver performance improvements reduce
6. Synopsis chkhfs options device E g chkhfs f dev hdbl Options f Fix errors on the disk a Perform checks only if dirty flag is set m size Memory limit used by the utility help Display this help h safe Errors are not fixed dirty flag is cleared if no errors found ES Show minor errors showminors trace Turn on UFSD trace verbose Explain what is being done zm Do not print percents during nopercents checking process version Show the version and exit O 2014 Paragon Software Group EC Yfiparacon Paragon 27 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 Description chkhfs creates and displays a status report about a HFS file system Chkh s also lists and corrects errors on the disk if any flag must be specified 2014 Paragon Software Group ER MANUAL Yfiparacon Paracon SOFTWARE GROUP 29 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 This section highlights troubleshooting processes 7 1 Troubleshooting processes Step 1 Consult Documentation Please consult documentation to make sure that encountered behavior is not by design with special attention given to the part related to installation testing and troubleshooting as well as to section on System requirements s Please also review Mount toubleshooting 30 and Using The Driverh4 subsection Step 2 Make sure the issue is not related to Linux itself Now make sure that roo
7. The setup files of the Linux based version of the NTFS amp HFS for Linux are provided in the form of a gzip archive The archive should be copied to the hard disk and decompressed For example For the NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver and utilities e create separate folder mkdir usr tmp ufsd e change the current directory to the new one cd usr tmp ufsd use tar utility to unpack initial archive tar xf path to the initial archive ufsd tar gz Next step is to build and install the NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver Using the INSTALL SH Assistant Script The assistant script install sh provides the extremely easy and flexible way to make the NTFS amp HFS for Linux and install driver module in the system Additionally the script reconfigures OS so that driver module is automatically rebuilt for another supported Kernel version Professional edition only Please note that development tools and kernel sources are required to present on the system and stay in the default locations to build and install the drivers Installation Just run the install sh script with root privileges install sh Or sudo install sh The assistant script will automatically perform the following actions 1 Detect the Linux Kernel version 2 Find kernel header files and libraries needed for building the drivers 3 Add service for rebuilding driver module for supported Kernels via the DKMS library Professional edition only 4 Build the
8. 512 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System dev sdal 1 9730 78150743 ee EFI GPT fdisk reports that dev sda only contains single EFI partition that spans via entire disk EFI partitions are formatted as FAT32 and therefore cannot be mounted by NTFS HFS driver s Nevertheless mounting partition dev sda2 to mnt hda succeedes mount t ufsd dev sda2 mnt hda And after that mount command issued without arguments lists among others mounted partition dev sda2 that was not listed by fdisk 1 marked with red below dev root on type squashfs ro none on dev type devfs rw O 2014 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Using The Driver 16 none on proc type proc rw nodiratime devpts on dev pts type devpts rw none on sys type sysfs rw none on tmp type ramfs rw dev mtdblock 2 on usr local etc type yaffs rw noatime dev rd 0 on mnt rd type vfat rw nodiratime fmask 0022 dmask 0022 codepage cp437 iocharset iso8859 1 dev sda2 on mnt hda type ufsd rw nodiratime nls iso8859 1 uid 0 gid 0 fmask 22 dmask 22 nocase dev scsi host2 bus0 target0 lun0 partl on tmp usbmounts sdbl type ufsd ro nodiratime nls utf8 uid 0 gid 0 fmask 0 dmask 0 4 5 Issues with large HDDs Though ou
9. 9 0 2 Check if it is possible to safely unmount the storage using the system s GUI interface 3 Check if the various file media sharing services like SAMBA SMB AFP etc can be disabled Disable the services and retry unmounting the storage medium Notes e Windows system keeps SAMBA connection to the storage for several minutes Disable the connection and retry to unmount the storage medium For example in Windows XP it can be done from Disconnect network drive menu e g My computer gt Tools gt Disconnect Network Drive menu If the volume couldn t be dismount with steps above use the sync command to flush buffers to the storage medium before detaching it manually from the platform O 2014 Paragon Software Group Legal questions USER MANUAL SOFTWARE GROUP Yfiparacon Paragon 43 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 This section describes common legal questions of using Paragon UFSD driver 10 1 NTFS legal questions Paragon s UFSD driver is absolutely legal It does not violate any patents and or intellectual property rights It is well known that originally NTFS was very close to the HPFS file system developed by IBM HPFS was much more OPEN in terms of documentation support data structure and so on It helped us to gain a better understanding of its nature architecture and ideology The knowledge about NTFS we also have got has already been used for years inside our best selling produ
10. Alternate data streams forks During file copy operation using cp command on Linux only data fork is copied O 2014 Paragon Software Group Frequently Asked Questions PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Frequently Asked Questions 36 9 1 What are minor errors reported by chkntfs utility Most of information about files times sizes attributes in NTFS is duplicated and triplicated Minor error means that copies does not match original E g latime means last access time The native chkdsk from Microsoft does not show these mismatches and fixes it silently if f is specified see http technet microsoft com en us library cc959914 aspx Paragon chkntfs utility can also find the following minor errors mdtime modification time chtime last change time asize data allocated size dsize data size attrib attributes To see more verbose output on minor errors use showminors command line option when running chkntfs For an example output please see the log below chkntfs showminors dev sda2 WARNING f parameter not specified Running chkntfs in read only mode Checking Volume dev sda2 Verifying 1680 records UpCase file is formatted for use in Windows NT 2K XP Verifying 161 folders minor error lati
11. For example mount t ufsd dev sdbl mnt ntfs 4 3 Dirty flag issues Dirty flag is special feature implemented in most of the modern file systems including NTFS and HFS This flag is set after volume is mounted in read write mode and cleared after volume is correctly unmounted see notes on force mount option for more information O 2014 Paragon Software Group Yfiparacon Paracon SOFTWARE GROUP 15 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 Without dirty flag it is impossible to tell if given volume was correctly unmounted or not Detecting incorrectly unmounted volumes helps to detect possible errors as early as possible Thus this flag helps to preserve file system consistency Please note that even in case dirty flag is set on the volume file system is not necessarily corrupt Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux drivers version 9 support dirty flag on both NTFS and HFS By default driver refuses to mount volumes with dirty flag set Recommended course of action is to check the volume for errors and repair any inconsistencies found using chkntfs chkhfs utility with a command line options see Additional Utilities 23 section Run with a command line option the utilities check dirty flag state and in case it is set they performs all necessary checks If dirty flag is not set file system checking utilities exits immediately If f command line option is specified the utilities repair any errors or incons
12. be found at the beginning of the Makefile VERSION 2 PATCHLEVEL 6 SUBLEVEL 36 7 6 ufsd Module kernel module version mismatch That means kernel version mismatch 1 Check kernel source version in usr src linux include linux version h 2 Check the currently running kernel version uname r 3 Both version must match 4 If they don t match please restore Kernel configuration or recompile the kernel O 2014 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Troubleshooting 32 7 7 ufsd Module create_module operation is not permitted That means you must have root privilege to load driver 7 8 insmod a module named as ufsd already exists That means driver have been loaded There is no need to load it again Driver status can be found by using the following command 1smod grep ufsd 7 9 can t mount NTFS HFS volume 1 Make sure that the driver is activated loaded into the Kernel 1smod grep ufsd 2 Make sure that the driver supports file system mounted partition is formatted with cat proc fs ufsd version 3 The volume is dirty Use chkntfs chkhfs utility with a command line options to reset dirty flag refer to the Additional Utilities 23 subsection Alternatively use force mount options to make the driver
13. driver and binary modules 5 Install the driver 6 Build and install additional utilities Professional edition only 7 Add automatic mounting support Professional edition only O 2014 Paragon Software Group Yfiparacon Paragon SOFTWARE GROUP 11 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 user ubuntu ufsd user ubuntu x user ubuntu ufsd user ubuntu ufsd sudo install sh sudo password for user By installing this software you accept the terms of End User License Agreement listed in License fi te Continue installing yes no read y Would you like to mount NTFS HFS volumes with UFSD driver automatically yes no y Would you like UFSD driver to rebuild after kernel updates yes no y Good news Module version for jnl ko exactly matches what is already found in kernel 3 13 0 24 generic DKMS will not replace this module You may override by specifying force Would you like to install NTFS HFS utilites yes no y user ubuntu ufsds INSTALL SH default mode for the NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver e The assistant script install sh always names the NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver module as ufsd it is the abbreviation of the project name Universal File System Driver Now you can mount any NTFS HFS partition mount t ufsd device mount point 3 4 Uninstalling the Drivers To completely remove the drivers and the utilities from the current Kernel one should dismo
14. ignore dirty flag not recommended refer to the Mount options 14 subsection O 2014 Paragon Software Group UFSD driver compatibility PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com UFSD driver compatibility 34 This section describes file system features supported by Paragon NTFS amp HFS driver respectively 8 1 NTFS features Compressed files Reading and writing compressed files is fully supported in both sequential and random orders Encrypted files Encrypted files are read encrypted During copy operation file data streams will be copied encrypted with loss of decryption capability Alternate data streams When copying from NTFS to Linux FS all additional streams will not be copied along with compression flag and security attributes Hardlinks and symlinks Any link will be copied as a full file with its body losing link information Maximum filename length NTFS stores filenames in UTF 16 encoding This may cause trouble when very long filenames containing non latin characters are used and UTF 8 is selected as default Kernel codepage 8 2 HFS features This section describes features of HFS file system supported by the driver Case sensitivity Both case sensitive and case instensitive types of HFS file system are supported
15. 9100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Introduction 2 1 1 Historical review Historically different operating systems supported different file systems Sharing files among different platforms was not an easy task For instance documents that were created in Windows and are stored on NTFS partitions may be inaccessible under Linux because Linux does not include full support for NTFS HFS For example open source nt s 3g NTFS driver does not support random write access to compressed files and Kernel hfsplus driver by default doesn t provide write support on HFS journalized volumes Paragon NTFS amp HFS driver for Linux solves these problems now everyone can access NTFS and HFS partitions from Linux in a usual manner with maximum performance and reliability The driver allows mounting NTFS and HFS partitions so that programs may work transparently with these mounted partitions browse contents open documents run applications work with existing files delete copy modify and create new ones Paragon combined NTFS amp HFS driver for Linux is commercial Linux driver for local access to NTFS and HFS volumes It supports full read write access The driver is a Kernel module which guarantees rapid and transparent access to supported file systems Mount volumes manually insert into stab or use automounting scripts and NTFS HFS partition
16. Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 User Manual O 2014 Paragon Software Group Genera ted 8 18 2014 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 User Guide Abstract This document covers implementation of NTFS and HFS file systems support in Linux operating systems using Paragon NTFS and HFS file system drivers Basic installation procedures are described Detailed mount options description is given File system creation formatting and checking utilities are described List of supported NTFS HFS features is given with limitations imposed by Linux There are also advanced troubleshooting section PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 User Guide O 2014 Paragon Software Group All rights reserved No parts of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means graphic electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording taping or information storage and retrieval systems without the written permission of the publisher Products that are referred to in this document may be either trademarks and or registered trademarks of the respective owners The publisher and the author make no claim to these trademarks While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document the publisher and the au
17. agon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 Additional utilities for Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux provide the ability to check integrity and create NTFS HFS volumes on block devices from your Linux OS Additional utilities for Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux were developed with Paragon UFSD SDK 6 1 NTFS utilities There are 2 basic utilities for NTFS file system e mkntfs 23 format any partition as NTFS under Linux e chkntfs 24 check NTFS partition for integrity and optionally fix errors 6 1 1 mkntfs MKNTFS utility creates NTFS volumes 1 2 3 0 3 1 Windows NT 4 0 2000 XP 2003 Vista 7 file system on user specified block device disk partition under Linux OS Synopsis mkntfs options device E g mkntfs f dev hdbl Options v label Specify volume label c Files created on the new volume will be compressed by default a size Override the default allocation unit size Default settings are strongly recommended for general use NTFS supports 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16K 32K 64K File compression is not supported for allocation unit size above 4096 b size Override the default block sector size Default settings are strongly recommended for general use One can use 512 1024 2048 4096 m size Override default MFT record size Default settings are strongly recommended for general use One can use 512 1024 2048 4096 f Force the format without confirmation s start Specify hid
18. allocate for I O buffers this can be tuned via Kernel metafiles please see the link below for more information The memory allocated for Buffers is normally reclaimed by kernel when Kernel or an application needs to allocate some memory for private use The real time report on memory allocated by our driver for operations on specific partition that is currently mounted is available in line 2 of file proc fs ufsd lt block device name gt volinfo Peak amount of memory allocated by UFSD driver when mounting NTFS volume is around 250 KB The amount then reduced to 40 KB after mount operation is completed For more information about Kernel memory consumption please see the article http www rt embedded com blog archives linux memory consumption where more details can be founded on the content of proc meminfo file and also on Kernel approach to RAM utilization 9 6 Why the disk can t be dismounted When you try to dismount the disk with the amount command the volume is reported busy and can t be unmounted Why This issue can happen when there are working processes that are still using the volume Therefore there are several options to remove the conditions that prevent the storage medium from being unmounted 1 Verify that the umount command is not run from the mount point of the target volume O 2014 Paragon Software Group Yfiparacon Paragon SOFTWARE GROUP 41 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux
19. anslation the codepage charset nls parameter is used for this purpose Examples 1 Mounting a partition mkdir mnt test mount t ufsd dev sda6 mnt test 2 Dismounting a partition umount mnt test O 2014 Paragon Software Group SOFTWARE GROUP Yfiparacon Paracon 17 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 3 Mounting partition in read only mode mount t ufsd o ro dev sda6 mnt test 4 Choosing character set to be used with NTFS HFS when mounting partitions manually mount t ufsd o nls utf8 dev sdbl mnt test For more information on mount options please refer to the Mount optionsl19 sub section 2014 Paragon Software Group Mount options USER MANUAL Yfiparacon Paracon SOFTWARE GROUP 19 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 This section describes mount options for mounting supported file system partitions 5 1 Mount options SYNOPSYS mount t ufsd o options device mount point Option Expected behavior and examples o iocharset NAME1 iocharset NAME2 o nls NAME1 nls NAME2 o codepage NAME1 codepage NAME2 The NTFS HFS file systems store all file directory names in Unicode format UTF 16 which can represent any character from any language In case none of these options is set the default codepage will be used CONFIG NLS DEFAULT If none of the specified codepages exist on the system the default codepage will be used again This option
20. buntu user ubuntu ufsd sudo uninstall sh fusr local bin mkntfs Jusr local bin infntfs Jusr local bin chkntfs Jusr local bin fsutil Jusr local bin mkfat Jusr local bin mkexfat Jusr local bin chkexfat Jusr local bin mkhfs Jusr local bin chkhfs fusr local bin dfntfs fusr local bin dffat usr local bin mftpack Jusr local bin wipe fusr local bin hdlnk fusr local bin junction Jusr local bin fsdump usr local bin sysdump Jusr local bin extents sbin ldconfig userQubuntu ufsdS user ubuntu ufsd user ubuntu ufsd x O 2014 Paragon Software Group Using The Driver PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Using The Driver 14 After building and installing the NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver it can be automatically loaded at the system startup The driver allows to mount supported partitions and provides access to their whole contents 4 1 Getting started The goal of this section is to help quickly find out how to use the product lt describes general approach to mounting partitions using UFSD file system driver and helps to avoid common issues We strongly recommend reading this section before starting using our driver To mount volume using UFSD driver standard mount command is used with File System FS type set to ufsd
21. compile the NTFS HFS for Linux driver 31 5 Can t load module message at the end of installation naar 31 6 ufsd Module kernel module version mismatch 31 7 ufsd Module create_module operation is not permitted E 32 8 insmod a module named as ufsd already exists 32 9 can t mount NTFS HFS volume iene iene iii iii 32 Part VIII UFSD driver compatibility 34 1 NTES featUreS ist EP 34 2 HFS features ii iii eee ee ec se ede 34 Part IX Frequently Asked Questions 36 1 What are minor errors reported by chkntfs utility 36 2 Warnings on Windows7 Vista when NTFS HDD is reconnected from Linux een 37 3 Recently changed file has its modification time a few hours ahead of or behind the current system time WI 7 cardiaci 39 4 Why does mount option A make driver ignore mount A 40 5 Why alot of memory is used for volume mounting 40 6 Why the disk can t be dismounted nenna 40 Part X Legal questions 43 1 NTFS legal QUESTIONS reri ne orte ruat onera cu nore noun nan ou no nani carro aao EE 43 2 HFS legal questionis ir a rk dens Entre a EHE Vd Ve 43 O 2014 Paragon Software Group Introduction PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 7
22. ct Paragon Partition Manager We have sold several million copies of Paragon Partition Manager all over the world The stability of the products as far as NTFS related operations are concerned speaks for itself about the stability of the NTFS technology After applying other sources of information like Linux drivers for NTFS and debugging Windows applications we documented NTFS structures from within and created the Universal File System Driver While developing Paragon UFSD driver we always stuck to the following rules 1 We never applied any confidential Microsoft NTFS materials docs codes etc nor did we reverse engineer the MS code 2 Open sources are the only thing we used E g from www ntfs com we obtained a the great part of our NTFS knowledge and understanding 3 NTFS as a file system as well as its s on disk layout are not patented and not documented 10 2 HFS legal questions Paragon s UFSD is absolutely legal It does not violate any patents and or intellectual property rights HFS specifications are openly published by Apple Corporation on http developer apple com GPL statement Paragon journal writing source code for the HFS file system is based on Journaling Block Device 2 JBD2 implementation in Linux Kernel and released under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 http www gnu org licenses gpl 2 0 html Paragon journal writing implementation for the HFS file system is buil
23. d CPU load and memory consumption e Improved installation script e Auto mounting support NTFS specific features e NTFS versions 1 2 3 0 and 3 1 Windows NT 4 0 2000 XP 2003 Vista 7 Windows 8 1 e Support for compressed files random access for reading and writing with no limitations e Sparse files support HFS specific features e Both case sensitive and case insensitive types of HFS file system are supported e During file copy operation using cp command on Linux only data fork is copied NTFS compatibility information File system version Comments O 2014 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Introduction NTFS version 1 2 Originates from Microsoft Windows NT 4 0 NTFS version 3 0 Originates from Microsoft Windows 2000 NTFS version 3 1 Originates from Microsoft Windows XP 2003 Vista 7 8 and 8 1 Additional features of the Professional Edition e Full support of the native HFS journal e Support for the DKMS library e Auto mounting support e Additional NTFS utilities mkntfs 23 utility format any partition as NTFS under Linux chkntfs 24 utility check NTFS partition integrity and fix errors e Additional HFS utilities mkhtfs 23 utility format any partition as HFS
24. den sectors in the boot area g tracks sectors Specify disk geometry that should be written in the boot area tracks specifies number of tracks per disk side sectors specifies number of sectors per track The most popular geometries are e NORMAL 63 sectors per track and 15 16 tracks per O 2014 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Additional Utilities 24 cylinder e LBA 63 sectors per track and 255 tracks per cylinder In general Windows uses the LBA geometry g 255 63 If g is not specified the utility obtains geometry from OS winxp Create NTFS compatible with Windows XP default winvista Create NTFS compatible with Windows Vista win7 Create NTFS compatible with Windows 7 help h Display this help trace Turn on UFSD trace verbose Explain what is being done nopercents Do not print percents during format process version Show the version and exit Description mkntfs is a standalone utility that allows to format NTFS partitions under Linux It is used to create a NTFS 1 2 3 0 3 1 Windows NT 4 0 2000 XP 2003 Vista 7 8 file system on a device usually a disk partition Note mkntfs doesn t change the MBR Master Boot Record when formatting a partition Therefore most of Lin
25. e g mount t ufsd dev sdal mnt sdal After this command is executed there can be several mount scenarios for a disk for more information see Mount toubleshootingl30 subsection e The disk is clean without any errors mounted by the driver and ready to use e Disk can t be mounted In this case can be several scenarios 1 Disk has dirty flag set for more information see Dirty flag issues subsection gt Use chkntfs chkhfs utilities with a f options to check the volume for errors and inconsistencies and fix them if any This is recommended approach see chkntfs or chkhfs 28 subsections gt Use force mount option see Dirty flag issues subsection 2 The disk is a GPT partitioned disk check GPT issues 3 subsection for more information 3 Follow other steps on the Mount toubleshooting 30 diagram to find the cause of the issue Analyze returned status and check output of dmesg tail In case of failure follow the Mount toubleshootinglao diagram to find possible causes and and try to mount the partition again using the same or different mount options if needed see Mount options 19 subsection If there is still a problem mounting the partition fill out Paragon s online request form from your user account so we could help you with the issue 4 2 Mounting NTFS HFS Partitions To gain access to a NTFS HFS partition use standard mount command with a file system type set to ufsd
26. ecked the file system and found no problems 488384000 KB total disk space 288367428 KB in 2938 files 944 KB in 513 indexes 85088 KB in use by the system 65536 KB occupied by the log file 199930540 KB available on disk 4096 bytes in each allocation unit 122096000 total allocation units on disk 49982635 allocation units available on disk 9 3 Recently changed file has its modification time a few hours ahead of or behind the current system time Why This offset occurs due to the fact that NTFS stores file times as UTC time in contrast to FAT that stores local time and the system might not have time zone setting that can be read by C library and then used to convert file times reported by Kernel to local time Consequently if a file is written to an NTFS volume on Windows with time zone set to say UTC 8 and then the volume is connected to the Linux system C library reports values provided by Kernel as is without converting them to local time However if a file is modified on the Linux system its modification time is written to the file system as system s current time O 2014 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Frequently Asked Questions 40 and then it is reported correctly In the latter case after the file modi
27. el in the boot directory If you haven t the config x x xx file then type 1n s usr src linux uname r config boot config uname r to create a symbolic link to the config file Note There are cases when the kernel sources may be located in other directories In these cases you should create a symbolic link to usr src linux for example 1n s lib modules uname r build usr src linux If you still have the same problem i e the install sh script can t find the kernel sources it is better to rebuild your kernel or download and build a stable kernel from the www kernel org site 7 4 Can t compile the NTFS HFS for Linux driver 1 Read System requirements section make sure all tools are functional For more information please read kernel documents 2 Linux kernel must be configured correctly 3 The boot directory must contain the config kernel version file If the file is missing you should execute the following command 1n s usr src linux uname r config boot config uname r 7 5 Can t load module message at the end of installation 1 Make sure that you use the same version of GCC compiler that was used for kernel compilation 2 Make sure that the Makefile of the kernel you can find the Makefi le in the directory where the kernel sources are located have the correct kernel version at the beginning of the file For example if your loaded kernel version is 2 6 36 then the following lines must
28. ermany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Troubleshooting 30 Use our mount troubleshooting diagram for faster mount issue resolution 7 2 Mount toubleshooting START Load driver Connect disk Recognize partitions an clean eine AILURE chkntfs chkhfs a f CHECK amp FIX heck volume e 7 Use force Dirty partition YES or make driver mount dirty ORCE mount option volume NO issues section SUCCESS NO Reinstall driver KERNEL 4K CAPABLE o UPDATE KERNEL COLLECT INFORMATION AND REQUEST SUPPORT FROM PARAGON SOFTWARE 7 3 The install sh script can t find kernel sources 1 Read system requirements section make sure all tools are functional For more information please read kernel documentation 2 Linux kernel must be configured correctly 3 Make sure that you have kernel sources for example in the usr src linux x x xx directory where x x xx is your kernel version for example 2 6 36 Type uname r in the command line to know your current kernel version 4 Create a symbolic link from the usr src linux x x xx directory to usr src linux To create the link type ln s usr src linux uname r usr src linux O 2014 Paragon Software Group Yfiparacon Paracon ER 31 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 5 Make sure that you have the config x x xx file for the booted Linux kern
29. fied on the Linux system is brought back to the Windows machine with its local time zone set to UTC 8 the file s modification time will be reported 8 hours ahead of current time assuming that current time is the same on the Linux system and Windows PC 9 4 Why does mount option A make driver ignore mount option B When you mount disk with several mount options driver may ignore some of them Why This issue can happen when mount command is used with several options coded like mount t ufsd o option A option B o option C device mount point In this case driver may ignore options A and B when mounting disk with option C To prevent this possibility it is recommended to write your commands with several options like mount t ufsd o option A option B option C device mount point 9 5 Why a lot of memory is used for volume mounting Let me describe what s going on when UFSD driver mounts volumes First of all the driver must read file system boot record and after verifying it it must also read some metadata from the mounted volume namely parts of M t and the entire Bitmap metafile For example if the volume has Bitmap of 74 MB the driver has to read not less than 74MB to mount it When our driver reads data from disk Kernel keeps the data cached in memory The amount of memory that Kernel allocates for I O buffers is printed in line 3 of proc meminfo file Buffers XXXX kB It s up to Kernel to decide how much memory to
30. informs the driver how to interpret path strings and translate them to Unicode and back Up to 8 different Senasa code pages can be specified The driver tries to use the codepages or from specified list in order until it manages to translate all the ale characters in the string If none of the specified codepages allows to or translate all the characters Kernel s default codepages is used codepage Note Paragon driver uses extended UTF 8 for Unicode number U 10000 characters support when utf8 is specified Codepage nls and iocharset mount option must be used in the form codepage nls cp iocharset cp Examples codepage utf8 nls utf8 iocharset utf8 O nocase All file and directory operations open find rename are case nocase insensitive Casing is preserved in the names of existing files and directories o showmeta showmeta Use this parameter to show all meta files System Files on a mounted NTFS HFS partition By default all meta files are hidden o noatime All files and directories will not update their last access time attribute if a NTFS HFS partition is mounted with this parameter This option can speed up file system operation noatime O 2014 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com
31. istencies that they find and finally clear dirty flag This approach is similar to the way Windows and MacOS handle dirty volumes See corresponding sections on NTFS and HFS utilities and File system checking utilities return codes section for more information To make driver mount dirty volumes without checking for possible errors and correcting them force mount option can be used while it is not recommended This way dirty flag is not cleared and any possibly existing errors or inconsistencies are not fixed Dirty flag will remain set until volume is checked for errors using Paragon chkntfs chkhfs with f command line option or using Windows chkdsk utility with f switch or MacOS Disk Utility for NTFS and HFS volumes respectively 4 4 GPT issues Some Linux Kernels do not behave correctly when there is EFI partition on GPT partitioned devices This is most often the case with HDDs partitioned using MacOS Disk Utility This leads to seemingly wrong operation of UFSD driver s that refuse to mount partition In that case FDISK may report that there is only one EFI partition on the device ignoring some or all of the following NTFS and or HFS partition s To work around the issue attention must be paid to volume type reported by fdisk 1 command on GUID partitioned disks Example 4 fdisk 1 Disk dev sda 80 0 GB 80026361856 bytes 255 heads 63 sectors track 9729 cylinders Units cylinders of 16065
32. l the drivers and utilities e Correct operation is not guaranteed for customized Linux kernels Commercial porting service to customized Linux kernels is available from Paragon Software Group for more information send e mail to sales paragon software com O 2014 Paragon Software Group IVNNVIN 43SN Installation SOFTWARE GROUP Yfiparacon Paracon 9 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 This section describes workflows related to installing and using Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver 3 1 Shipment The setup files for each product of the family are provided as the downloadable TGZ archives which can be downloaded from the company site 3 2 Components The package includes the following components e Source files for the NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver e Assistant script files which are purposed to simplify the installation and uninstallation routines e Source files for additional utilities for Professional edition only e Source files for DKMS library support for Professional edition only e Source files for automatic mounting integration for Professional edition only Paragon NTFS amp HFS Linux driver and utilities must be compiled on the end user s system for correct configuration By installing the software you accept the terms of End User License Agreement listed in License file 3 3 Installing the Drivers First NTFS amp HFS driver must be built and installed Steps to install the NTFS a
33. lly fix errors 6 2 1 mkhtfs MKHFS Utility Create an HFS volume on a partition Name mkhfs create an HFS volume on specified block device under Linux OS Synopsis mkhfs options device E g mkhfs j dev hdb1 Options v label Specify the volume label a size Override the default allocation unit size Default settings are strongly recommended for general use HFS supports 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16K 32K and 64K ne size Specify extents b tree node size 512 32K nc size Specify catalog b tree node size 4K 32K j Make volume journalized c Make volume case sensitive 2014 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Additional Utilities 26 help h Display this help trace Turn on UFSD trace verbose Explain what is being done nopercents Do not print percents during format process version Show the version and exit Description mkhfs is a standalone utility that allows to format HFS partitions under Linux It is used to create an HFS file system on a device usually a disk partition 6 2 2 chkhfs CHKHFS Utility Perform consistency checks on an HFS volume Name chkhfs provide consistency checking of a HFS volume and fix errors
34. me in index 0x5 gt admin minor error latime in index 0xb Extend gt Reparse minor error latime in index 0x1f public gt EZ TALK doc minor error latime in index 0x1f public gt Fedora 13 i686 Live KDE minor error latime in index 0x1f public gt Fedora 13 x86 64 Live minor error latime in index 0x1f public gt FEDORA 1 minor error latime in index 0x1f public gt FEDORA 2 minor error latime in index 0x1f public gt FTP login information doc minor error latime in index 0x1f public gt Reports minor error latime in index Ox1lf public gt 2 K M b minor error latime in index 0x1f public gt 1 minor error mdtime chtime latime in index 0x5bd restore FB5EFA8E F7E1 4999 B498 21EECOCF7124 gt RP83 minor error latime in index 0x676 mungchacha com LC Kung Fu Dunk gt DISC2 DAT bc minor error latime in index 0x676 mungchacha com LC Kung Fu Dunk gt DISC2D 1 BC Verifying files security 4 83 Gb in 1492 files 464 Kb in 163 directories 0 Kb in bad blocks in 0 fragments 90424 Kb in use by the system O 2014 Paragon Software Group ParaGon SOFTWARE GROUP 37 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 65536 Kb occupied by the log file 4096 bytes in each allocation unit 182879943 total allocation units on volume 181590430 allocation units available on volume The volume dev sda2 contains minor err
35. mp HFS for Linux driver are as follows 1 Log in as root This step is obligatory 2 Build and install the NTFS amp HFS driver using install sh script Alternatively driver binary module may be built manually using configure and make driver commands After kernel module is built install load driver modules insmod jnl ko insmod ufsd ko 3 Activating the driver After building and installing the NTFS amp HFS driver can be referenced as universal file system driver ufsd when mounting NTFS and HFS partitions refer to the Mounting NTFS HFS Partitions 14 subsection The steps 1 2 should be made only once while the step 3 is the standard way of using file system drivers in Linux environment NTFS amp HFS for Linux include a set of assistant script files for the simplification of building installing and uninstalling procedures Note that these assistant scripts may fail to work in customized Linux configurations or unsupported Linux distributions O 2014 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Installation 10 Use install sh and uninstall sh script files to install and uninstall correspondingly NTFS amp HFS driver and utilities The sections below describe the installation procedure in details Unpacking Setup Files
36. or s 9 2 Warnings on Windows7 Vista when NTFS HDD is reconnected from Linux After NTFS volume previously operated by Paragon NTFS amp HFS driver is attached to Windows Vista Windows 7 machine warnings are displayed on the screen Why This is the case when volume was not unmounted correctly before it was detached from Linux system This section illustrates dirty volumes handling as implemented in Windows 7 For more information on dirty flag and its support in Paragon file system drivers products see Dirty flag issues subsection of Using The Driverl14 section An USB HDD enclosure with 320 Gb SATA HDD with one NTFS partition was detached from system while file copy operation was in progress After the enclosure was attached to Windows 7 PC again the following dialog was displayed Microsoft Windows E yw Do you want to scan and fix EssentialRED320GB F There might be a problem with some files on this device or disc This can happen if you remove the device or disc before all files have been written to it i gt Scan and fix recommended This will prevent future problems when copying files to this device or disc Continue without scanning After user clicks Scan and fix recommended scan process begins Checking Disk EssentialRED320GB F Ex Check disk options Automatically fix file system errors Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors 4810 index entries processed
37. ows creating holes inside new created files avoids filling unwritten space with zeroes This option is not recommended in case NTFS partition is used for BitTorrent downloads Not recommended for use Forces the driver to mount partitions even if dirty flag volume dirty is set It is recommended to use Paragon or OS specific file system checking utility before mounting dirty partitions to reset the dirty flag Note that if dirty volume was mounted with force mount option dirty flag will not be cleared when volume is unmounted using umount command nohidden Files with the Windows specific HIDDEN attribute will not be shown under Linux e sys immutabl Files with the Windows specific SYSTEM attribute will be marked as system immutable files O 2014 Paragon Software Group a SOFTWARE GROUP Yfiparacon Paragon Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 Option Expected behavior and examples acl user xattr Support POSIX ACLs Access Control Lists Effective if supported by Kernel The option specified as acl enables support for POSIX ACLs ac1 0 disables it Support user extended attributes Effective if supported by Kernel The options specified as user xattr enables support for user extended attributes user xattr O0 disables it O 2014 Paragon Software Group R MANUAL Additional Utilities S ER Yfiparacon Paragon 23 Par
38. r driver supports partitions larger than 2 Tb tested on 16 Tb partitions on real hardware and on 25 Tb partitions in virtual environment not all versions of Linux Kernels support block devices larger than 2 Tb on all possible interfaces E g Ubuntu 10 04 does not support 2 5 Tb SATA HDD attached via USB gt SATA converter while the same HDD with the same converter is mounted OK on Windows 7 and the same HDD connected to Ubuntu 10 04 via SATA interface can be mounted and used successfully If there is similar issue please perform the test cases described above to make sure where the root cause of the issue is in Paragon s driver or in Linux Kernel 4 6 Unmounting NTFS HFS Partitions To unmount a NTFS HFS partition use the standard command umount For example umount dev sdbl 4 7 Choosing the codepage charset for NTFS HFS Partitions The format of filenames on NTFS HFS partitions differs from text standard presentation used in Linux To accommodate NTFS HFS standards to Linux ones character translation is required The character translation uses charset or codepage information for correct translation non English characters between NTFS HFS and Linux Unfortunately Linux is unable to automatically detect NTFS HFS codepage charset nls settings For this reason the user must assign character set for filenames translation manually The standard Linux command mount allows choosing the character set that is used for the filenames tr
39. s will be available like any other directory tree Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux Professional also includes useful additional utilities that provide the ability to check integrity and create NTFS HFS volumes 1 2 Paragon UFSD technology UFSD Universal File System Driver is an unique technology developed by Paragon Software to provide full access read write format etc to volumes of the popular file systems NTFS FAT Ext2Fs Ext3Fs HFS HFS etc under various platforms including Windows Linux Mac OS X etc in case these file systems are not otherwise supported UFSD technology provides access directly to the physical devices that is why it can process partitions regardless of their support by the current Operating System OS With UFSD it is possible to mount NTFS and HFS partitions under Linux thus getting access to its contents just the way it is implemented in the NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver and the technology also allows direct access via physical device addressing the way it is implemented in the driver too Paragon UFSDs are designed to be readily integrated into any solution using our UFSD Software Development Kit UFSD SDK which includes all of the necessary tools to develop applications with the following main features e Access to un mounted partitions i e drive letter not assigned e Access to other file systems that normally would not be supported by the operating system e Platform independent UFSD API
40. system If it is low then the driver wouldn t keep a lot of descriptors opened to keep the memory usage at minimum 2 2 Software requirements Supported Linux kernels e Linux with kernel versions 2 6 36 and newer e Linux with kernel versions up to 3 14 x NTFS amp HFS driver was tested with Kernels up to 3 14 4 Linux distributions the products were tested with e Ubuntu 14 04 e Debian 7 5 e Fedora 20 e OpenSuse 13 1 e CentOS 7 Development Environment 2014 Paragon Software Group Yfiparacon Paragon SOFTWARE GROUP 7 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 A development environment is required to compile Linux drivers and utilities Please verify that these tools are all functional The easiest way is to choose the developer toolkit when installing Linux What must be installed depending on the Linux distribution commands for checking installed components may vary e Kernel source code recommended or Kernel header files doesn t always work rpm qa grep kernel devel for RPM based kernel sources e GNU C compiler GCC gcc version e GNU C compiler g for Professional version only g version e GNU Make make version GNU Id binutils Hld version e Modutils module init tools insmod V e DKMS library for Professional version only dkms version Limitations e GNU C compiler gcc version 4 4 or higher is required e The user should login as root to instal
41. t as a single kernel module jn1 ko Customers and other interested parties can obtain access to the Paragon journal writing source code by sending a request via e mail to support paragon software com 2014 Paragon Software Group
42. t cause of the issue is not related to Linux itself For example if an issue is discovered while performing certain file system related operation on a volume mounted with Paragon NTFS amp HFS driver make sure the same issue is not observed when the same operation is performed on native file system like Ext2fs Ext3fs or FAT except of course for operations specific to NTFS or HFS file systems or to Paragon s driver itself e g IOCTLs additional utilities and so on Step 3 Prepare to report the issue After performing previous steps and making sure that the issue is related to Paragon NTFS amp HFS driver prepare to report the issue to Paragon Collect all information on the issue The most important point in issue resolution process is quickly obtaining all the information related to the issue Quick collection of required information is the key to resolving an issue faster Please collect paragon ufsd install log file generated by the install sh script or config log and console output of the building process if modules are built by configure and make driver commands Step 4 Assist Paragon engineers to resolve the issue quickly Provide logs collected on step 3 to the Paragon engineer Nevertheless try to share as much additional information on the issue with our engineer as possible O 2014 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg G
43. thor assume no responsibility for errors or omissions or for damages resulting from the use of information contained in this document or from the use of programs and source code that may accompany it In no event shall the publisher and the author be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this document Printed August 2014 in Freiburg Germany We welcome your feedback Special thanks to Please send your feedback to All the people who contributed to this document either by writing text developing solutions to sales paragon software com various issues performing tests collecting or use your User account with information or by requested support from our Paragon Software team To our customers who continue to support us and help us to improve the product by constantly demanding more Yfiparacon Paracon SOFTWARE GROUP Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 Table of Contents Part Introduction 2 1 Historical reVie Wives 2 2 Paragon UFSD technology ennn nn nnmnnn na 2 3 How UFSD works on Linux 3 4 Key FeatuUres eiit tiere re Itin ee reco cron Ire oic cero rece 3 Part Il System requirements 6 1 Hardware requirements ria 6 2 Software requirements 6 Part Ill Installation 9 Ulla ee E 9 2 COMPONONES sceee
44. under Linux chkhfs 26 utility check HFS partition for integrity and fix errors O 2014 Paragon Software Group System requirements PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com System requirements 6 This topic highlights requirements to hardware and software that may be used to run Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver 2 1 Hardware requirements Minimum hardware requirements e Processor Intel Pentium 300 MHz and higher or compatible e both 32 and 64 bit CPUs are supported e 16MB of RAM Due to unique technology our NTFS amp HFS for Linux drivers have low system requirements For example it is enough for our driver to have 450KB of free RAM to work with NTFS partitions larger than 250 GB NTFS amp HFS Kernel modules occupy around 800 Kb of RAM Real life values 180 Kb maximum while executing 5 commands like dd if dev zero of mnt sdal test bs 1M count 1000 amp in background 500 Kb maximum while executing rsync r home mnt sdal command 16 Mb maximum while compiling bench test on Desktop Linux system in virtual environment using NTFS file system a file tree with a size about 220 Mb was created and patched simulating Linux Kernel installation process RAM consumption depends first of all on whole amount of memory available in the
45. unt all NTFS HFS partitions mounted with the driver uninstall the drivers and unload binary modules from the Kernel NTFS amp HFS for Linux provides tools for the drivers utilities uninstall automation The assistant script uninstall sh completely removes the drivers utilities from the system including unmounting all NTFS HFS partitions Using the UNINSTALL SH Assistant Script The assistant script uninstall sh provides the extremely easy and flexible way to deactivate and remove the drivers and utilities from the system The script performs the correct deactivation uninstallation and the complete removing of the driver s and utilities files Uninstalling Unmount all currently mounted NTFS HFS partitions and run the uninstall sh script uninstall sh O 2014 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Installation The assistant script will automatically perform the following actions 1 Deactivate the driver modules 2 Uninstall the drivers 3 Remove all binary and source files of the driver 4 Uninstall utilities for Professional version only 5 Remove automatic mounting settings configured for the UFSD driver SS user ubuntu ufsd Ee D NEE e EE DEET E h h h h h h h h h h h h h hh AAA F user u
46. ux commands like fdisk I will be unable to determine that partition s files system was changed to NTFS 6 1 2 chkntfs CHKNTFS utility performs consistency checking of NTFS volumes and optionally fixes errors Synopsis chkntfs options device E g chkntfs f dev hdbl Options f Fix errors on the disk a Perform checks only if dirty flag is set h Display this help m size Memory limit used by the utility short Minimum file system check safe Errors are not fixed dirty flag is cleared if no errors found showminors Show minor errors no orphans Do not restore real orphan files 2014 Paragon Software Group Yfiparacon Paragon SOFTWARE GROUP 25 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 9 0 trace Turn on UFSD trace verbose Explain what is being done nopercents Do not print percents during checking process version Show version and exit Description chkntfs creates and displays a status report about a NTFS file system Chkntfs also lists and corrects errors on the disk if any flag must be specified Note when no orphans option is used real orphan files will be deleted Without this option chkntfs restores real orphan files to found XXX folders 6 2 HFS utilities There are 2 additional utilities for HFS file system e mkht s 25 format any partition as HFS under Linux e chkh s 26 check HFS partition for integrity and optiona
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