OpenTCP
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1. In order to use the demo you must first assign an IP address the board will use To do this you need to edit the gui_demo c file and rebuild your project You just also change the default gateway for your network If you are using a cross cable in order to plug directly into your laptop for example you should use an IP number on the same sub net as you laptop For example if the IP address of your laptop is 10 10 10 34 you could assign to your board the IP address 10 10 10 20 From file gui_demo c Change the numbers in RED Program in static IP address localmachine localip UINT32 10 0x1000000 UINT32 10 Ox10000 UINT32 10 0x100 UINT32 20 10 10 10 20 Default gateway localmachine defgw UINT32 10 0x1000000 UINT32 10 0x10000 UINT32 10 0x100 UINT32 1 10 10 10 1 Subnet mask localmachine netmask OxFFFFFFOO 255 255 255 0 Ver 1 1 June 2004 Page 5 of 10 RENESAS TCP IP A Free Open Source TCP IP Stack Also if you plan on running more than one board at once you will need to change the Ethernet MAC address so the two boards don t have the same hardware address From file gui_demo c Change the numbers in RED Ethernet MAC address 5 4 3 localmachine localHW 5 0x08 localmachine localHW 4 0x00 localmachine localHW 3 0x70 localmachine localHW 2 0x33 localmachine localHW 1 0x44 localmachine2. Routine When ever the value of the on board pot is changed the new value is sent via a UDP datagram on port 5004 Current Value 0245 r UDP Send Sliding this bar will cause this app to send UDP packets to the board over port 5004 Fiaure 3 Interactive TCP Windows GUI Proaram June 2004 Page 6 of 10 TCP IP E gE NI ESAS A Free Open Source TCP IP Stack When a button is pressed on the target board that info is also sent via the TCP connection to the windows program and the corresponding picture of the button on the GUI will change To send receive UDP packets click the Start Streaming button This will send a TCP packet to the target board telling it to start sending the current A2D value of the pot via a UDP packet every time it changes Also when the slider bar on the GUI is moved the new value is send to the target board via UDP packets and the value is displayed on the LCD 4 3 HTTP Web Browser Interface The demo is also running as a HTTP server in a OpenTCP Demo Microsoft Internet Explorer Re loj x File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Ea the background If you open a web browser gt A A Asah meda CH Address http 10 10 10 45 7 Oc and type in the IP address of your demo board as the URL a web page will be served back showing the current text on the LCD The OpenTCP source code comes with a HTTP Open Ti P interactive Demo server component but
3. can imaging by reducing the complexity of the state machine for sending and receiving packets ROM and RAM space are reduced greatly The cost for this is speed Instead of being able to send out a bunch of TCP packets at once and then later go back and resend the ones that didn t make it you are sending data one packet at a time 2 5 UDP Packets A UDP or User Datagram Packet is like a TCP packet except that the receiving side does not ACK back to the send whether or not it got the data correctly Since there is no state machine involved with this method OpenTCP can stream out data audio video etc as fast as it wants Ver 1 1 June 2004 Page 3 of 10 TCP IP 2 6 No Buffer Copy Another aspect that OpenTCP uses is that when you want to send data the buffer that you pass to the TCP layer will be used to form the actual packet in that gets send to the Ethernet module In other stacks that data is first copied into a separate buffer and sometimes copied more than once before it actually gets transmitted By using the same buffer that you passed to the TCP module the system can save on RAM as well as processing time used for copying All you have to keep in mind is that you must pass a buffer that enough space at the beginning of your data for the TCP IP headers These amounts are already defined for you in the OpenTCP header files so that s not a problem The TCP receive routines use the same theory When a new TCP packet arrives t
4. in RAM wasting RAM space on parts of the file that would never change For example every time text is passed to the LCD driver it is saved to a text string in memory When the Ver 1 1 June 2004 Page 4 of 10 TCP IP E gE NI ESAS A Free Open Source TCP IP Stack index html file is served it displays the current text on the LCD To do this the html file must be able to be modified before it is sent out Tags mentioned in the previous section were added to the html file in order to separate out the strings that would represent the LCD text in the HTML file So when the index html was added to the file system for the demo the portions of the html to be served that would not changed were added as pointers to file image that resided in Flash As for the portions of the HTML that would be dynamically changed the LCD text strings those were added as pointers to the text strings maintained by LCD driver So at any time the HTML file is requested it will contain the current LCD text being displayed 4 0 Running the OpenTCP demo While the Open TCP code comes with some simple examples we though it would be more impressive to have an interactive demonstration The following explains how to setup and run the interactive demo for each the M16C H8S and the SH MCUs The demo consists of firmware that can be compiled to run on the mentioned MCUs a custom Windows GUI program and the ability to interact with a web browser 4 1 Setting the IP
5. localHW 0 0x55 2 1 0 After the code has been built download and run it using appropriate debug tool The LCD should change After initialization the LCD should display No Conn mean no connection to the board has been made yet 4 2 Windows GUI Program Now run the Interactive Windows GUI program tep_gui exe Change the IP address in the upper left hand corner of the window by clicking on the IP address button You should change the IP address to the one that you assigned to your board fp TCP UDP Demo E x Now click the Establish connection button in order to open a TCP and UDP connection to your target board If a successful connection is made the LCD on the target board will read Conn Est meaning connection established The demo has been set up so that the OpenTCP stack will close a socket if it remains inactive for more than 2 minutes To write to the LCD simply type in the edit boxes one for each line on the LCD and click the Sena button This sends the LCD text using the TCP socket it opened when the connection was established Ver 1 1 m IP Address of Board 24 136 140 208 Establish connection Not Connected TCP Send Routine Enter text to be displayed on the LCD port 5001 r TCP Receive Routine When a button is pressed on the remote board the board uses the opened TCP connection to transfer button information back port 5001 r UDP Receive
6. the file system was created by Renesas The web page that was Change Text passed back actually resides in a mix of RAM sao and Flash space that is how the page can be modified before send back Done lap Internet 5 0 Demo Setups Figure 4 HTTP Interface of Demo The following describe the development environments used to crate this demonstration 5 1 M16C M16C Environment e MCU M16C 62P M30626FHPxx e Board SKP16C62P 12MHz XTAL e Compiler NC30WA V5 20 Release 1 e IDE Hew3 e Debugger GUI KD30 V 3 10 e Debugger Interface FOUSB ICD e Demo Size Code 17 584 bytes ROM Data 3 644 bytes RAM Data 6 632 bytes e NOTES The TM project was set up to define M16C_62P for all the compiled files This was to determine which Ver 1 1 June 2004 Page 7 of 10 TCP IP E gE NI ESAS A Free Open Source TCP IP Stack MCU specific code need to be used for files that were common between the M16C H8S and SH platforms 5 2 H8S Environment e MCU H8S 2674R HDxxxx e Board EDOSK2674R e Compiler H8S H8 300 Toolchain Ver 5 0 2 0 e IDE Hew 2 2 e Debugger GUI HDI Ver 4 00 w monitor support e Debugger Interface Serial HMON e Demo Size Code 19 689 bytes ROM Data 7 068 bytes RAM Data 6 732 bytes e NOTES The project used the HDI debugger and HMON Serial Monitor In order to use HMON has the debugger interface the ROM sections had to be mapped to RAM The HEW 2 2 projec
7. E NESAS APPLICATION NOTE OpenTCP A Free Open Source TCP IP Stack 1 0 Introduction OpenTCP is a license and royalty free TCP IP stack available to the public It was created by Viola Systems in Finland www violasystems com The code is supported and distributed via the web site www opentcp org Other services that available for the stack are HTTP DHCP TFTP SMNP POP3 BOOTP DNS Lookup as well as Ethernet support Full documentation on the stack and sample code are also available 2 0 OpenTCP Architecture 2 1 Stack Size This TCP IP was create to be sensitive to embedded applications The ROM and RAM usage are about 20k 1k bytes Because of this you may ask yourself If this stack is so small what did they leave out The answer is that by making certain limitations of the stack they were able to greatly reduce the ROM and RAM requirements normally associated with a TCP IP stack This does not mean the stack will only run on certain networks it just means that you may have to take some considerations into account when passing large amounts of data 2 2 Stack Limitations As mentioned above the TCP IP stack has removed some features that enable it to shrink considerably in size The restriction placed on the stack is that it doesn t support IP Fragmentation or TCP Segmentation will explain 2 3 IP Fragmentation In the IP protocol if an IP packets traveling across various networks encounters a network that cannot handle its
8. at missing piece So now the receiving side will be getting new data yet still hasn t been able to free up the buffer space being taken up from the previous sent data What OpenTCP does is instead of allowing data to keep coming it doesn t ACK any data that comes out of order The only packets that get ACKed are the next packet in the sequence If the sending side doesn t see an ACK for the packets it sent it will re send them again anyway Ver 1 1 June 2004 Page 2 of 10 TCP IP RENESAS arree open Source TOPAP Sak OpenTCP Method Conventional Method OpenTCP fC OpenTCP Device Send Packet 1 ACK Packet 1 Send Packet 2 gt ACK Packet 2 SWI JOJSUBI Je O ACK Packet 2 Packet 2 gets held up somewhere in the network Figure 2 TCP Segmentation Time Send Packet 3 SWI JOJSUBI e O ACK Packet 3 Now for sending packets OpenTCP will only send the next packet after it has an ACK for the last data that was sent If that packet doesn t get ACKed after a certain amount of time Open TCP will try and send it again It should also be noted that if the OpenTCP device is communicating to a higher horsepower network device such as a PC or server OpenTCP sets the TCP Window to 1Kbytes Now if the PC wants to send a lot of data to the OpenTCP device it will probably send 1Kbyte packets one at a time because that is the most that it can send according to the TCP Window As you
9. hat trouble may occur with them Trouble with semiconductors may lead to personal injury fire or property damage Remember to give due consideration to safety when making your circuit designs with appropriate measures such as i placement of substitutive auxiliary circuits ii use of nonflammable material or iii prevention against any malfunction or mishap Notes regarding these materials These materials are intended as a reference to assist our customers in the selection of the Renesas Technology Corporation product best suited to the customer s application they do not convey any license under any intellectual property rights or any other rights belonging to Renesas Technology Corporation or a third party Renesas Technology Corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage or infringement of any third party s rights originating in the use of any product data diagrams charts programs algorithms or circuit application examples contained in these materials All information contained in these materials including product data diagrams charts programs and algorithms represents information on products at the time of publication of these materials and are subject to change by Renesas Technology Corporation without notice due to product improvements or other reasons It is therefore recommended that customers contact Renesas Technology Corporation or an authorized Renesas Technology Corporation product distributor for the latest prod
10. he pointer that is passed to the application is for the same buffer that was used to read out the packet from the Ethernet chip If your application would like to save that data you can then copy that data someplace else before allowing OpenTCP to use that buffer to get another incoming network packet 3 0 Demo Extras 3 1 File2C Utility A command line utility was created called File2C exe This utility is used to convert the contents of any file into a C array so that it may be added to the file system in the demo A file may be created to reside in either RAM or ROM using const A corresponding h header file is also created in order to extern the C arrays This utility also has the ability mark place holders or TAGS when converting an html or htm file By placing accent characters in your file the utility will record that particular file index as a define as well as remove the accent character from being entered into the C array The defines are then added to the resulting h header file An example of a TAG define in a header file is as follows File Tag defines define index_html_TAG 1 682 define index_html_TAG 2 690 3 2 File System A file system was created for the demo that can hold files in a mix of RAM and Flash so that they could be dynamically changed before being served By being able to store the file in a mix of RAM and Flash we would not have to keep the entire file image
11. on is necessary to reprint or reproduce in whole or in part these materials If these products or technologies are subject to the Japanese export control restrictions they must be exported under a license from the Japanese government and cannot be imported into a country other than the approved destination Any diversion or reexport contrary to the export control laws and regulations of Japan and or the country of destination is prohibited Please contact Renesas Technology Corporation for further details on these materials or the products contained therein
12. packet size that packet may be broken up into smaller pieces in order to be transmitted between the sending and receiving nodes for that particular network This is called IP Fragmentation a feature that OpenTCP does not support If a packet is sent to the OpenTCP device across the internet it may be broken up into pieces along the way in order to adhere to the required maximum packet size on other networks This is fine But before it is delivered to the OpenTCP device it must be reassembled Now knowing that is this going to be a problem Probably not If you are using Ethernet for example a max Ethernet packet size can be 1526 bytes Since you can instruct the TCP layer to only send you less than say 1500 bytes at a time the remote side has no need to fragmented any packets anyway because they will never be larger than the maximum size designated by Ethernet Knowing that loosing IP fragmentation is not a big deal Ver 1 1 June 2004 Page 1 of 10 TCP IP RENESAS arree open Source ToPIP Sak Somewhere in this network the packets may have to pass over a section that cannot handle the 1KB size so it will be broken up into smaller packets but then reassembled before it gets to the OpenTCP device Ethernet Figure 1 IP Fragmentation over Intermediate Networks 2 4 TCP Segmentation TCP Segmentation can be described as what you do when you have 1MB of data to send but Ethernet can only handle 1 5KB packets at a time The TCP
13. protocol allows you break up that data into smaller packets in order to transfer them That is what s know as TCP Segmentation TCP also has what is called a TCP Window The window is how much un ACKed data you can send to a device at once When a TCP connection is being established the two communicating devices negotiate on a Window size that they both can handle pretty much the smaller size of the two wins It should also be known that when a TCP packet is sent the receiving side has to acknowledge that the packet has been received without errors So a TCP Window tells the sending side how much outstanding data packets not ACKed yet it may have at one time Now with all that information can explain how the OpenTCP stack can run with 1K of buffer space instead of other stacks that may need 128KB of buffer If for example a Window size is determined to be 4Kbytes then a sending side can send four 1Kbyte packets then if it wants to The problem is that now the receiving side has to account for those smaller packets and if they come out of order Also let s say 1 of those packets gets lost but the other 3 get though After the receiving side sends the ACKs for those three 1Kbyte packets the sender might start sending another 3Kbytes of data because only 1Kbytes in the TCP window are outstanding But the receiving side still can t pass the data it got back up to its application because it s still waiting for the sending side to re send th
14. t created has 2 build configurations Debug and Release The Debug configuration is set up to locate all the code in RAM space so that it may be downloaded and run with HMON The Release configuration locates sections in Flash so that the demonstration may be used without the debugger The HEW project was set up to define H8S_2674 for all the compiled files This was to determine which MCU specific code need to be used for files that were common between the M16C H8S and SH platforms An add on board was created for the EDOSK board for user interaction The add on board connected the board J1 connector and consisted of an LCD 4 push buttons and a pot The schematic for this add on board is below Ver 1 1 June 2004 Page 8 of 10 TCP IP 100k 10k Figure Add on Board Schematic for EDOSK 2674R 6 0 Reference OpenTCP is a registered trade mark of Viola Systems Ltd Finland Renesas Technology Corporation Semiconductor Home Page http www renesas com Contact for Renesas Products E mail csc renesas com Data Sheet Use the latest version on the home page http Avww renesas com User s Manual Use the latest version on the home page http Avww renesas com Ver 1 1 June 2004 Page 9 of 10 Keep safety first in your circuit designs e Renesas Technology Corporation puts the maximum effort into making semiconductor products better and more reliable but there is always the possibility t
15. uct information before purchasing a product listed herein The information described here may contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors Renesas Technology Corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage liability or other loss rising from these inaccuracies or errors Please also pay attention to information published by Renesas Technology Corporation by various means including the Renesas Technology Corporation Semiconductor home page http www renesas com When using any or all of the information contained in these materials including product data diagrams charts programs and algorithms please be sure to evaluate all information as a total system before making a final decision on the applicability of the information and products Renesas Technology Corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage liability or other loss resulting from the information contained herein Renesas Technology Corporation semiconductors are not designed or manufactured for use in a device or system that is used under circumstances in which human life is potentially at stake Please contact Renesas Technology Corporation or an authorized Renesas Technology Corporation product distributor when considering the use of a product contained herein for any specific purposes such as apparatus or systems for transportation vehicular medical aerospace nuclear or undersea repeater use The prior written approval of Renesas Technology Corporati
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