Xprotolab User`s Manual
Contents
1. 22 4 1 Predefined Um 22 22 23 C1 NE T DUDEN UTER 23 UTE 24 UART E TNI RIS 24 oe 24 6 2 1 SEMAGA 24 622 CHDSEMINGS 5 VIGS 24 MEE eibi ulae aiHsu i e 25 MEM AWG SCIAS Ae icc I UU M 26 ONSE ea Rd M E T T UU NT 26 BMP Screen CODIUIG o ev se are hese A AAA GSO 28 DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 5 Xprotolab User s Manual TOsena a BMP screen capture TO CL T eser optat TUE Rad RR RETE AAT UI ORT 28 742 TOS nd OBMP Sce en TO aa 27 8 HimwareUpbdaling se EIDEM 30 8 1 Firmware upgrade using an external programmer eese 30 8 1 Mic RN UT ETT 30 Jnstoactops To Instellfrie TOONS viser 30 9 1 5 IMSTRUETIONS tOo update the nr nU ure EL De N 30 8 2 Firmware upgrade using the boot2. T RE 10 lt lt 10 2 Mixed Signal OScllloOS CODO _____ 11 XM aureo A SEN T ERUNT 11 PAPE E ter 11 PA RA MEN eese bre ce 11 2ko 11 er VR CV Me Se EE CE 12 2 2 UE EET 12 PS Gisela 1G T UTE 12 2293 24 mE E UU Em 12 22A Ws dI 12 PM CNCMNE US 12 2S IOC Cle ____ 4 _6_6_ _ _6_______ _ 6_______6_ 13 2 9 ele MS E E T 13 2 95 2 SS ___ ____ 13 DO _ 14 _____ 14 1 EET 15 A 15 DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 3 Xprotolab User s Manual ZAZ ATMO E eae a rae acted cao aeons 15 OSC OD Co DN 15 I 16 2 951 togan nmr 16 459220 loeo
3. Timer TCDO Load 7 Event CH3 for refresh Screensaver rate time check ATXMEGA32A4 Figure 45 Xprotolab Architecture Block Diagram S DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 34 Xprotolab User s Manual CH1 CHANNEL 1 B 2011 Gabatronice PTS6355L15D0 LES 2800 Len INTERFACE 18 18 18MHz 28325 T cia C18 TIT talig Mala Ba F9 X QJ 24 5kHz T 2 EA Q FUNCTION GENERATOR T d ME abotronics A March 2011 CFLY GND Number T 5 Xprotolab A N Monday March 12 27 nem N pm pm Page 35 Figure 46 Xprotolab Schematic DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 NON
4. Operating Temperature 450 7 C Storage Temperature 40 80 Table 2 Absolute Maximum Ratings FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 7 Xprotolab User s Manual 1 3 Specifications General Specifications ATXMEGA32AA 36KB Flash 4KB SRAM 1KB EEPROM Graphic OLED display 0 96 128x64 pixels 10 000 hours minimum life time to 50 original brightness Module size 1 615 x 1 01 PDI interface 4tactile switches Micro USB to use with the UART to USB cable Logic Analyzer specifications 8 Digital Inputs Maximum sampling rate 2Msps Protocol Sniffer UART 2 SPI Internal pull up or pull down Buffer size 256 Voltage level 3 3V Oscilloscope specifications 2 Analog Inputs Maximum Sampling rate 2Msps Analog Bandwidth 200kHz Maximum Screen Refresh Rate 128Hz Resolution 8bits Input Impedance 1MO Buffer size per channel 256 Input Voltage Range 14V to 20V Vertical sensitivity 80mV div to 5 12V div AWG specifications 1 Analog Output Maximum conversion rate 1Msps Analog Bandwidth 44 1kHz Resolution 8bits Output current gt 7mA Buffer size 256 Output Voltage 2V Weight 10 grams FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 8 Xprotolab User s Manual Dimensions 11 60 6 6 64 6 1010 200 Figure 5 Xp
5. FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 17 Xprotolab User s Manual 2 7 Display Settings These menus control various characteristics of the display Figure 35 show the display menus Display Menu More Display Options wenn nvert Display Figure 35 Display menus 2 7 1 Persistent Display When the persistent display is enabled the waveform traces are not erased The persistent display is useful as a simple data logger or to catch glitches in the waveform The persistent mode can also be used to make frequency plots in combination with the AWG frequency sweep 2 7 2 Line Pixel Display This menu item selects the drawing method e Line A line is drawn from one sample to the next e Pixel A single pixel represents a sample The pixel display is useful at slow sampling rates or when used in combination with the persistent mode Figure 36 shows the pixel display Figure 36 Pixel Display 2 7 3 Show scope settings Toggles the display of the scope settings Channel gain and time base 2 7 4 Grid Type There are 4 different grid types No grid Dots for each division Vertical dots represent the scale divisions Horizontal dots represent the time base setting and the ground level of each channel Vertical grid line follow trigger Vertical dots represent the position of the trigger the location of the vertical dots follow the trigger position Horizontal dots represent the time b
6. March 2012 Page 9 Xprotolab User s Manual 1 6 User Interface The button is the MENU button used to navigate thru all the menus The K1 buttons action depend on the current menu The green arrows represent the flow when pressing the MENU button When the MENU button is pressed on the last menu the Xprotolab settings are saved and the menu goes back to the default Figure 7 shows the main menus in blue and some important submenus in yellow Further ramifications are shown on the respective chapters Default Menu nomenushovwn ant in Channel Menu Logic Inputs Menu CH1 menu oggle Logic on off Ir Logic Inputs Menu Trigger Menu If confused Post trigger acquire while navigating the menus it is easy to d os DIDIT AN pressing the MENU button a few times Display Menu BH scope settings AWG Menu 1 21 Enter AWG Menu Figure 7 Main Menus 1 7 Saving the settings All the settings are stored to non volatile memory only when exiting from the last menu Miscellaneous Menu This method is used to reduce the number of writes to the microcontroller s EEPROM S EE DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 10 Xprotolab User s Manual 2 Mixed Signal Oscilloscope The Xprotolab is mixed signal oscilloscope it has 2 analog channels and 8 digital channels This chapter will focus on the analog s
7. n 16 Ed Uoc p ETE 17 2 VACC USON cn 17 DOL 6 sce mE 17 ZO AOMC rr 17 ZOA tait t ets tail 17 ZOO 17 EN IRSE ET 18 2 tia Beo ett 18 Die INVES 18 22725 Se SCO OSs Se NGS 18 2278 MEME Tm M 18 PAS MEMBR FPD 18 AVS DEPO A RTT TEE 18 3 Logic Analyzer and Protocol Sniffer 0 02000000000000 19 S DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 4 Xprotolab User s Manual 7 TO _ 6_ ____ ___ 19 orsa 19 Ee GIP MT 19 alee ead euer TEE 19 NR 20 20 CX LOC Olle 20 S20 SIMMONS ASQ 20 EDT a 21 310 TEE 21 3 11 21 Arbitrary Waveform 55055
8. Figure 43 HyperTerminal Settings Inthe Transfer menu select Receive File e Enter a folder where to save the file and use the XMODEM protocol See figure 44 FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 28 Xprotolab User s Manual File EJ Flace received file in the following folder Browse Use receiving protocol Kmodem gt gem Figure 44 Receive File Settings e Enter a file name with a BMP extension and press OK 7 2 To send a BMP screen capture to Linux Create the following script and save as capture sh 67 echo Please enter filename e g T y capture bmp oy read name t h stty F 51 115200 5 rx c Sname lt 51 gt 51 To use make the script executable with chmod capture sh Then enter capture sh into a terminal followed by the serial device for example capture sh dev ttyUSBO Then enter a name for the bmp image including the bmp file extension matthewgmatthew laptop File Edit View Terminal Help matthewamatthew laptop capture sh dev ttyUSB8 4 Please enter filename e g capture bmp scope rx ready to receive scope Bytes received 1152 5 562 Transfer complete matthewamatthew laptop FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 29 Xprotolab User s Manual 8 Firmware Updating This guide will show how to upgrade the firmware your AVR XME
9. Hertz and the vertical axis represents the magnitude Figure 25 shows the Xprotolab in Spectrum Analyzer Mode Figure 25 Spectrum Analyzer Mode 2 5 1 Logarithm display The log is useful when analyzing low level components on the signal When analyzing audio it is also very useful as it maps more directly to how humans perceive sound The actual function performed is y 16 log x LOG FFT Figure 28 Triangle Wave Figure 26 FFT without Log Figure 27 FFT with Log Example 2 5 2 FFT Windows To reduce the spectral leakage an FFT window function must be applied Three FFT window types are available e Hamming 0 53836 0 46164 COS 2 A Figure 29 Hamming Window and sine frequency response i Figure 30 Hann Window and sine frequency response Cosine SIN zt Um FFTy 1 8 Figure 31 Cosine Window and sine frequency response Hann 0 5 x COS 2 TT we FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 16 Xprotolab User s Manual 2 6 Cursors You can measure waveform data using cursors Cursors are horizontal and vertical markers that indicate X axis values usually time and Y axis values usually voltage on a selected waveform source The position of the cursors can be moved on the respective menu Figure 32 shows the cursor menus More Cursor Options DIN K CH1 Horizontal Cursors CH2 Horiz
10. Auto Setup feature will find the optimum gain and time base for the signals being applied on CH1 and CH2 FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 11 Xprotolab User s Manual 2 2 Vertical Settings The analog channel controls are discussed in this section Figure 9 shows the Vertical menu flow Main Channel Menu Channel Menu Toggle Channel on off Channel Options Channel Options Channel Math Doro CH1 and CH2 have identical settings 5 Figure 9 Vertical menus 2 2 1 Disable Channel Any channel can be disabled this is useful to reduce clutter on the display 2 2 2 Channel Gain Table 4 shows the possible gain settings for the analog channels One gain division consists of 16 pixels Gain Volts Division 80m 016 032 064 128 256 512 Table 4 Gain Settings The current gain settings for the analog channels are shown in the top right part of the display If the SHOW setting of the display is enabled 2 2 3 Channel Position The position of the waveform can be moved up or down in the Channel Position menu 2 2 4 Channel Invert The channel can be inverted The displayed waveform and channel calculations will be affected 2 2 5 Channel Math The channel trace will be replaced with CH1 CH2 _ To display CH1 CH2 Multiply The channel trace will be replaced with CH1xCH2 first invert CH2 and then select Average The channel samples will be
11. CHD data 256 bytes Request settings settings 3 bytes CH2 settings 3 bytes CHD settings 5 bytes General settings 10 bytes AWG settings 8 bytes Send settings G character which signals the PC that the Xprotolab is ready Then the PC sends the data CH1 settings 3 bytes 2 settings 3 bytes CHD settings 5 bytes General settings 10 bytes AWG settings 9 bytes Then the Xprotolab sends a T character which signals the PC that the data was received Request EE waveform EE Wave data 256 bytes Send EE waveform G character which signals the PC that the Xprotolab is ready Then the PC sends the data EE wave 256 bytes V X Then the Xprotolab sends a T character which signals the PC that the data was received C Hequest BMP 128x64 Monochrome BMP using the XModem protocol 4 Table 6 Xprotolab Command Set FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 27 Xprotolab User s Manual 7 BMP Screen Capture 7 1 To send a BMP screen capture to a PC You can send a screen capture of the oscilloscope to your PC using HyperTerminal All oscilloscope bitmaps in this manual where generated using this method e Open HyperTerminal Enter a name for a new connection example scope e Enter the COM port where the device is connected e Select 115200 bits per second 8 data bits Parity None 1 Stop bit Flow control None See figure 43 COMI Properties mum
12. GA based device Hardware version 1 5 requires external programmer while hardware version 1 7 has a bootloader which allows upgrading with a regular USB cable 8 1 Firmware upgrade using an external programmer 8 1 1 Tools required AVRISP mkll or similar PDI capable programmer AVR Studio 4 IDE Integrated Development Environment HEX and EEP files for the device found on the product s page Look for the HEX icon A regular AVR programmer might not work the programmer needs to be PDI capable PDI is the new interface to program XMEGA microcontrollers 8 1 2 Instructions to install the tools e Install AVR Studio and USB driver e Connect the programmer the computer and auto install the hardware A more detailed guide on how to install the tools is found here http www atmel com dyn resources prod documents AVRISPmklI UG pdf 8 1 3 Instructions to update the firmware 1 Start AVR Studio Connect the cable from the AVRISP to the PDI connector on the board Power the board pU Mem Press the Display the Connect dialog button um Alternatively you can go to this menu Tools Program AVR Connect Select your programmer and port AVRISP mkll and AUTO or USB In the MAIN tab select the device ATXMEGA32A4 In the programming mode select PDI E x To check that everything is ok press the Read Signature button You will see a message saying that the device matches the signature 9 Gotothe PR
13. I press K2 and K3 simultaneously to toggle between them If using ASCII note that letters will be always uppercase and only codes 0x20 thru 0x7A will show valid characters To stop and start the sniffer press the K1 button 3 8 Sniffers Modes Normal mode Continuous operation when the buffer is filled all pages are erased and the index goes back to page 1 e Single mode The sniffer will stop when the buffer is filled e Circular mode New data will be placed at the end of the last page and older data will be shifted towards the first page FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 20 Xprotolab User s Manual 3 9 2 Sniffer Connect SDA to Bit O SCL to Bit 1 The Xprotolab implements the 12 sniffing in bit bang fashion The maximum clock frequency is 400kHz Standard 12 Fast Speed As the data is decoded the data in HEX will appear on the screen accompanied by a symbol When the Master initiates a read lt is an and is a NACK When the Master initiates a write 2 is an ACK and is a NACK Subsequent data in the frame will be accompanied by for or a for NACK There are 16 pages of data each page shows 64 bytes gt the total memory for the I2C sniffer is 1024 bytes Example communicating to a Sib70 Programmable oscillator 55 07 Master initiates Write to slave 55 byte address 7 55 lt 05 42 04 79 9A Master initiates Read to slave 55 then reads 6 bytes 3 10 UART Sni
14. Meter Mode frequencies will have gaps depending on the range 2 4 2 XY Mode The XY mode changes the display from volts vs time display to volts vs volts You can use XY mode to compare frequency and phase relationships between two signals XY mode can also be used with transducers to display strain versus displacement flow versus pressure volts versus current or voltage versus frequency Lissajous figures can also be plotted using the XY Mode Figure 22 XY Mode 2 4 3 Oscilloscope Mode This is the default mode of the Xprotolab The 2 analog and 8 digital channels are sampled simultaneously Any of these 10 channels can be shown on the display Figure 23 shows the oscilloscope mode and the various sections of the display are detailed Trigger mark Scope Settings Channel Gain Time Base Figure 23 Oscilloscope Mode FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 15 Xprotolab User s Manual 2 5 Spectrum Analyzer If only interested in one channel turn off the other channel to maximize the Figure 24 Spectrum Analyzer menus vertical display The spectrum analyzer is done by calculating the Fast Fourier Transform FFT CHL 0 22041 BHl di of the selected analog channels or the math functions if enabled Figure 24 shows 1 the FFT menus When Spectrum Analyzer is enabled the display of the FFT spectrum is plotted as frequency vs magnitude The horizontal axis represents the frequency
15. OGRAM tab 10 In the Flash section look for the HEX file and click Program 11 In the EEPROM section look for the EEP file and click Program 12 Go to the FUSES tab 13 Set BODPD to BOD enabled in sampled mode 14 Set BODACT to BOD enabled in sampled mode 15 Set BODLVL to 2 9V 16 Click Program 17 After updating the firmware make sure to recalibrate the device FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 30 Xprotolab User s Manual 8 2 Firmware upgrade using the bootloader Hardware 1 7 and above 8 2 1 Tools required Standard USB type A to micro USB cable e Atmel s FLIP software http www atmel com tools FLIP aspx e Manual with driver installation procedure http www atmel com Images doc8429 pdf HEX and EEP files for the device found on the product s page Look for the HEX icon 8 2 2 Activating the bootloader The K1 button needs to be pressed while connecting the device to the computer with the USB cable Once the Xprotolab enters the bootloader the red LED will be lit and will blink with USB activity The Xprotolab will appear as a new device on the host computer the drivers required are found in the FLIP application folder 8 2 1 FLIP application instructions 1 Start Flip 2 Select ATXMEGA32AMU in the device selection list 3 Select USB as communication medium 4 Open the USB port to connect to the target 5 Make sure the FLASH buffer is selected and check ERASE BLANK CHECK PROGRAM VE
16. RIFY lt S ATxmega32A4U Signature BytesiE 95 41 04 Device Boot 145 00 00 Checksum Blank Check Bootloader Ver 1 0 2 Reset Before Loading Program HEX File v Verify AMEL Select EEPROM Start Application V Reset USB ON 6 Load the HEX file Xprotolab hex 7 Press RUN 8 Press SELECT EEPROM 9 Load the HEX file Xprotolab eep 10 Uncheck ERASE and BLANK CHECK only leave checked PROGRAM and VERIFY 11 Press RUN 12 Press START APPLICATION 13 After updating the firmware make sure to recalibrate the device Nr DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 31 Xprotolab User s Manual 9 Frequently Asked Questions 1 What tools do need to develop my own programs on the Xprotolab Besides the power supply you need an external programmer such as the AVR ISP 2 or a debugger such as the AVR JTAGICE mkll or the AVR ONE Software Tools e Integrated Development Environment AVR Studio 4 e Compiler included in the WinAVR package WinAVR at sourceforge 2 Can the waveform generator and the oscilloscope run simultaneously Yes the waveform generator runs on the background The AWG uses the DMA so it doesn t need any CPU intervention 3 How do power the Xprotolab The Xprotolab can be powered thru the micro USB port Alternatively the Xprotolab can be powered by connecting a 5V power supply on the 5V pin Do not connect a 5V powe
17. US tenter Ellenton FL 34222 AS www gabotronics It refers This manual is outdate 4l can be found here Mixed Signal Oscilloscope Simultaneous sampling of nload xscopes xscopes manual pdf Advanced Trigger Normal Single Auto Free with edge or slope types rising or falling adjustable trigger level and ability to view signals prior to the trigger e Meter Mode VDC VPP and Frequency readout XY Mode For plotting Lissajous figures curves checking the phase difference between two waveforms Figure 1 TETT Top View e Spectrum Analyzer with different windowing options and selectable vertical log Protocol Sniffer SPI IC UART The Xprotolab is a combination of three electronic Arbitrary Waveform Generator with frequency sweep instruments a mixed signal oscilloscope an arbitrary e Channel Math add multiply invert and average waveform generator and a protocol sniffer all housed in a small 1 x1 6 DIP module The Xprotolab can also be used as a development board for the AVR XMEGA waveform measurements and waveform references microcontroller e Display options Persistence Different grid options Description e Horizontal and Vertical Cursors with automatic Display Micro USB 128x64 w UART 4 Tactile External Switches XMEGA Trigger Microcontroller 8 Digital Analog Inputs Output Analog Analog Input CH1 I
18. WG as a system For example if the AWG is generating a sinewave with 256 points the maximum frequency is 3906 25Hz If generating a sinewave with only 32 points the maximum frequency is 31 25KHz The AWG amplifier has a low pass filter of 44 1KHz The predefined AWG Frequency range is 1 91Hz thru 125 kHz The resolution of the waveform generator varies depending on the frequency range the lower the frequency the higher the resolution 125000 F Cycl requency Cycles Integer number with these possible values 1 2 4 8 Period Integer number with values between and 65535 Note that the possible frequencies are discrete 5 PC Interface The Xprotolab can communicate to a PC using the UART port which is connected to the micro USB connector Figure 42 shows a snapshot of the PC interface A more detailed description regarding the PC interface will be available in the PC application s help RT Gabotronics Xpro Oscilloscope Arbitrary Waveform Generator Spectrum Analyzer Options Honzonital Vertical Trigger CHI cH2 LOGIC MATH REF Sauce en 7 Tmce CH Invert Average Edge FFT Rising m Color Falling m Free C Auto Normal C Single Force 2 56V div CH 2 56Wfdiv Time 512p5 div Trigger AUTO RUN EN Figure 42 Xprotolab PC interface FS DS
19. Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 23 Xprotolab User s Manual 6 Interface Protocol 01011011 The Xprotolab can communicate to external devices thru the serial port using the Interface Protocol Follow the protocol to make your own applications to interface the Xprotolab or to port the PC application to other platforms 6 1 UART settings Data Bits 8 Baud rate 115200 Parity None Stop Bits One Handshaking None 6 2 Control data 6 2 1 CH1 and CH2 settings 3 bytes 1 Channel Position 2 Option bitfield Bit 0 Channel on Bit 1 x10 probe Bit 2 x100 probe Bit 3 x1000 probe Bit 4 Invert channel Bit 5 Average samples Bit 6 Math Active either addition or multiplication Bit 7 Math operation addition or multiplication 3 Channel Gain 6 2 2 CHD settings 5 bytes 1 Channel Position 2 Input Mask 3 Option bitfield Bit 0 Channel on Bit 1 Invert channel Bit 2 Thick line when logic 0 Bit 3 Pull input Bit 4 Pull up down S DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 24 Xprotolab User s Manual 4 Decode parameters bitfield Bit SPI Clock Polarity Bit 1 SPI Clock Phase Bit 2 Use UART parity Bit 3 UART parity odd or even Bit 4 UART 1 or 2 stop bits Bit 5 6 7 UART Baud rate 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 5 Decode option bitfield Bit 0 Serial Hex Display Bit 1 Parallel Hex Display Bit 2 I2C decoding Bit 3 RS232 deco
20. ase setting and the ground level of each channel Dot graticule The screen is filled with dots that represent the vertical and horizontal divisions 2 7 5 Flip Display The display orientation is flipped This is useful when mounting the Xprotolab on a panel and the display s orientations is backwards 2 7 6 Invert Display When enabled the display s pixels are inverted the display will have a white background FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 18 Xprotolab User s Manual 3 Logic Analyzer and Protocol Sniffer 2 The Xprotolab has an 8 bit logic analyzer and can do sniffing on standard protocols 2 UART and SPI The logic inputs are 3 3V level the logic inputs are not 5V tolerant If you need to connect 5V signals to the logic analyzer you could Add a 3K resistor in series with the signal or use a 5V to 3 3V level converter chip Figure 37 shows the logic menus Protocol Sniffer Select gt Logic Select Menu 1 DM DIT Logic Options 1 Change position Invert channel mae ____ Logic Options 2 Pull Resistor efa _ Figure 37 Logic Analyzer Menus 3 1 Input Selection A subset of the 8 digital signals can be selected Any digital signal can be enabled or disabled 3 2 Channel Position The selected digital channels can be moved up or down Only applicable if less tha
21. averaged the ADD function Channel Math Examples HN Figure 12 Two signals Figure 11 1 2 Figure 10 CH1xCH2 FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 12 Xprotolab User s Manual 2 3 Trigger Settings The Xprotolab has an advance triggering system it has most of the trigger controls of a professional oscilloscope Figure 13 shows all the trigger menus mere H matrem nmm mmm memes j tme emm m oneri ee mmm o nie _ Logic Trigger Select 1 Logic Trigger Select 2 Logic Trigger Select 3 meme Bit 3 ele ejm ele Figure 13 Trigger menus 2 3 1 Trigger Types There are four different trigger types which determine when to display the trace on the screen e Normal Trace only when the trigger event occurs e Single One trace is displayed when the trigger event occurs e Auto Trace when the trigger event occurs or after a timeout e Free Trace continuously ignoring the trigger 2 3 2 Trigger Modes Two triggering modes are available After selecting the trigger mode the next menu will allow setting the specific trigger value e Edge The trigger occurs when the signal crosses a defined level This is the most common trigger mode The trigger mark is represented on the display Figure 14 Edge Trigger as a rising or falling arrow e Slope The trigger occurs when the diffe
22. ding Bit 4 SPI decoding Bit 5 Use ASCII with RS232 6 2 3 General settings 10 bytes 1 Trigger Cursors Bit Free trigger Bit 1 Normal trigger Bit 2 Single trigger Bit 3 Auto trigger Bit 4 CH1 Horizontal Cursor on Bit 5 CH2 Horizontal Cursor on Bit 6 Vertical Cursor on Bit 7 Lock Automatic Cursors Only one trigger type must be set 2 FFT Options bitfield Bit 0 Hamming window Bit 1 Hann window Bit 2 Cosine window Bit 3 unused Bit 4 Apply logarithm to FFT Bit 5 Calculate VDC Bit 6 Calculate VPP 3 MSO settings bitfield Bit 0 AWG sweep Bit 1 Trigger falling or rising Bit 2 Scope stopped Bit 3 unused ES DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 25 Xprotolab User s Manual Bit 4 Mode MSO Bit 5 Mode Multimeter Bit 6 Mode FFT Bit 7 Mode X Y Only one mode must be set 4 Sampling rate 5 6 Number of Post Trigger samples unsigned int 16 7 Trigger source 1 CH1 2 CH2 3 10 CHD 11 External Trigger 8 Horizontal position 9 Display options bitfield Bit 0 1 Grid Type Bit 2 Reference waveforms on Bit 3 Persistent Display Bit 4 Continuous Drawing Bit 5 Show scope settings time div volts div Bit 6 Invert Display Bit 7 Flip Display 10 Trigger Level 6 2 4 AWG settings 8 bytes when sending to 9 bytes when sending to device Sending to PC 1 Cycles in buffer unsigned byte 2 Amplitude signed byte range 128 0 3 Wavefo
23. ffer Connect RX to Bit 2 TX to Bil 3 The Xprotolab can decode both the TX and RX lines of the UART at the standard baud rates 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 The screen is split in two the left side is used for the RX line and the right side is used for the TX line Each side can show 40 bytes per page With 16 pages a total of 640 bytes can be stored for each decoded line 01 02 04 15 06 08 09 Ci 02 DE 09 Ho 9 Hz 08 LH Figure 40 UART Sniffer screen 3 11 SPI Sniffer Connect the Select to Bit 4 MOSI to Bit 5 MISO to Bit 6 SCK to Bit 7 The Xprotolab can decode both the MOSI and MISO lines of an SPI bus The SPI s MOSI pin decoding is done in hardware so it can decode data at high speed But the SPI s MISO pin decoding is implemented in software using bit banging so the maximum clock allowed will be limited The screen is split in two the left side is use for the MOSI line and the right side is used for the MISO line Each side can show 40 bytes per page With 16 pages a total of 640 bytes can be stored for each decoded line FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 21 Xprotolab User s Manual 4 Arbitrary Waveform Generator The Xprotolab has an embedded arbitrary waveform generator The waveform generator is independent autonomous module that is always running in the background You can adjust all the parameters of the wavefo
24. ge translator chip FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 32 Xprotolab User s Manual 10 The source code says evaluation version get the full version The full source code is currently not open The evaluation source code does not contain the MSO application The HEX file does contain the full version of the oscilloscope 11 What is the current consumption of the Xprotolab Between 40mA and 60mA depending on how many pixels are lit on the OLED 12 There is a new firmware for the Xprotolab how do update Follow the instructions on section 8 13 How does the Xprotolab compare to other digital oscilloscopes You can check this comparison table http www gabotronics com resources hobbyists oscilloscopes htm 10 Troubleshooting Is the Xprotolab not working Check out these tips 1 The unit does not power up If using the USB connector to power try applying 5V directly instead with another power supply 2 The unit powers up but the MSO is not working Try restoring the default settings Press K4 during power up then select Restore 3 The screen turns off after a certain amount of time This is the screen saver in action The screen saver time can be changed in factory options to disable this feature set a time equal to O 4 A particular button doesn t work There might be shorted pins on the microcontroller Check for debris or solder bridges Using a solder wick on the pins will help 5 When
25. iately after the trigger event are shown 5 Figure 19 Post trigger 100 of buffer The actual post trigger value can vary between and 32768 samples so you can explore the signal after a very long time after the trigger event has occurred but with a high post trigger value the refresh rate of the scope will be reduced 2 3 4 Trigger Source Any analog or digital channel can be the trigger source If selecting a digital channel the slope trigger mode is not applicable The external trigger input is an additional digital trigger source but tolerates voltages up to 5 5V S DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 14 Xprotolab User s Manual 2 4 Device Modes There are different device modes that can be selected the menus shown on figure 20 allow selecting the Meter Mode the XY Mode or the Oscilloscope Mode Other device modes are the Spectrum Analyzer and the Protocol Sniffer which are discussed in their respective chapters Mode Menu Meter Mode ss Set Meter mode DC Voltage reno Set Scope Mode Frequency Figure 20 Device mode menus 2 4 1 Meter Mode The Xprotolab can function as a dual digital voltmeter The font used is bigger 1 cH2 n in meter mode to facilitate reading The available measurements in meter mode are 4 2h 5 1 4 Average Voltage DC Peak to Peak Voltage and Frequency The Frequency measurement is performed with an FFT so the measurement Figure 21
26. ignals More information about the digital channels is presented on chapter 4 2 1 Horizontal Settings The horizontal settings are controlled on the default menu The menu is shown on figure 7 Default menu shown Stop acquisition Horizontal Position pa Benes 8 ct tin Figure 8 Horizontal Menus 2 1 1 Time Base The time base can be varied from 8us div to 50s div Table 1 shows all the possible time bases One time division consists of 16 pixels Example division 8us 16 pixels gt 500ns pixel Time Base s div Table 3 Time divisions At 8us div CH2 is not displayed 2 1 2 Technical Details 5 There are two distinct sampling methods Fast Sampling and Slow Sampling Fast Sampling 10ms div or faster All samples are acquired to fill the buffer and then they are displayed on the screen Only 128 samples of the 256 are visible at a single time Slow Sampling 20ms div or slower Single samples are acquired and simultaneously displayed on the display All 256 samples are visible on the display each vertical line will have at least two samples 2 1 3 Horizontal Position The horizontal position can be varied on the Fast Sampling time bases There are 256 samples for each channel but only 128 can be displayed on the screen When the acquisition is stopped the full sample buffer can be explored with the K2 and K3 buttons 2 1 4 Auto Setup The
27. loader Hardware 1 7 and 31 9 2 fere 3 O22 PETIVETNG IMS METTE T UOI 3 8 2 FLIP eot E REST 31 9 Frequently Asked Questions coiere hee tea 32 TroUblesnoollllg eite ea erred Ee ____________________ e aee eed 33 Co RTT 34 11 1 vepres CM c RT TEE 34 35 DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 6 Xprotolab User s Manual 1 General Overview 1 1 Pin Description USB 76543210 1 GND Logic 3 3V 5 CH2 AWG EXT T GND 5V Figure 4 Front Signals Figure 3 Back Signals Name Description 5V s5VInputvolage Do not apply 5V if using the USB port 5V 5VOutputvolage SOMA maxoutput 0 GND Itis recommended useallgroundpins Digital Channel 4 SPI Sniffer signal SS Digital Channel 3 UART Sniffer signal TX Digital Channel 6 SPI Sniffer signal MISO Iti Digital Channel 1 I2C Sniffer signal SCL Digital Channel 2 UART Sniffer signal RX Digital Channel 5 SPI Sniffer signal MOSI 5V 5V GND Table 1 Pin description 1 2 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Minimum 30 3 8 External Trigger 22 55
28. n 8 digital signals are selected 3 3 Invert Channel digital channels are inverted This setting also affects the protocol sniffer 3 4 Thick Logic 0 A thick line is drawn when the signal is at logic This is useful to quickly differentiate 0 from a 1 FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 19 Xprotolab User s Manual 3 5 Parallel Decoding Shows the hexadecimal value of the 8 bit digital input lines The hexadecimal number is shown below the last digital trace If all the 8 digital traces are enabled then there is no space to show the parallel decoding Figure 38 Parallel Decoding 3 6 Serial Decoding Shows the hexadecimal value of the stream of bits on each channel The decoding starts at the first vertical cursor and ends at the second vertical cursor 8 bits are decoded If the cursors are disabled then the decoding is done from the start of the screen to the end The data can be decoded MSB first or LSB first depending on the position of the first vertical cursor FARALLEL SERIAL Figure 39 Serial Decoding 3 7 Protocol Sniffer When the Xprotolab is in Sniffer mode a small text appears on the screen indicating where to hook up the signals As soon as the data is received the data is displayed in pages There are 16 pages of data To browse thru the pages use the buttons K2 and K3 In the UART and SPI sniffers the data can be displayed in HEX or ASCI
29. nput CH2 Figure 2 Xprotolab Block Diagram FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 1 Xprotolab User s Manual About this manual This manual targets both novice and advanced users providing a full resource for everyone However for a full understanding of the operation of the Xprotolab the user should be familiar with the operation of a regular oscilloscope The features documented in this manual are for hardware version 1 4 and 1 5 and firmware version 1 38 Conventions 1 Analog Channel 1 CH2 Analog Channel 2 CHD Logic Inputs Fast Sampling 10ms div or faster Slow Sampling 20ms div or slower Helpful tip Technical Detail Revision History Version Date Notes 1 0 September 2011 First revision 1 1 December 2011 Firmware upgrade for HW 1 7 1 2 January 2012 Updated AWG maximum frequency to 125kHz 1 3 January 2012 Added vertical sensitivity on specifications 1 5 January 2012 Changed seconds units from S to s 1 6 February 2012 Corrected discrepancies in the interface protocol 1 7 March 2012 Added maximum screen refresh rate FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 2 Xprotolab User s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 7 m Tm RAIN G RU TEE 8 5 gt 9 4 Eco Cc 9
30. ontal Cursors Reference Waveform Horizontal Cursors Vertical Cursors DIT Move cursor right Figure 32 Cursor menus 2 6 1 Vertical Cursors CHL 1 28074 Time interval measurements are made with a pair of time markers The nour oscilloscope automatically calculates the time difference between the two markers and displays the difference as a delta time Additionally the oscilloscope calculates the inverse of the delta time which is the frequency of the selected period 2 6 2 Horizontal Cursors Voltage measurements are made with a pair of voltage markers to determine 1 or 2 specific voltage points on a waveform The oscilloscope automatically calculates the voltage difference between the two markers and displays the difference as a delta voltage value 2 6 3 Automatic Cursors The device will try to automatically measure the waveform Figure 34 Horizontal Cursors e Vertical Cursors The device will try to a full or half cycle of the selected waveform If both CH1 and CH2 are enabled the channel with the most amplitude will be used e Horizontal Cursor The selected horizontal cursor will be set with the maximum and minimum points of the waveform 2 6 4 Lock Cursors Same as the automatic cursors but it is performed continuously 2 6 5 Reference Waveform A snapshot is taken of the analog waveforms to be used as reference waveforms The reference waveforms are stored in non volatile memory
31. powering up the splash screen stays for a very long time more than 4 seconds The crystal is defective or the traces on the crystal are shorted 6 It still isn t working If you have a multimeter and want to try to fix yourself check the following voltages If any of the voltages are wrong there might be a defective part e Voltage at 5V should be between 4 75 and 5 25 If the unit is powered with Voltage at 5V should be between 4 75 and 5 25V Voltage at 3 3V should be between 3 2 and 3 4V Voltage at pin 8 of U3 should be between 2 00 and 2 09V more than 5 5V the negative voltage generator would be the first component to get damaged If all fails and if the device is under warranty you can send it back for repairs FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 33 Xprotolab User s Manual 11 Xprotolab Design 11 1 System Architecture The Xprotolab uses many resources and peripherals of the XMEGA microcontroller Figure 45 shows the Xprotolab s Architecture block diagram Timer TCC1 Timer TCCO Event CHO Trigger Post Trigger amp timeout UART sniffer Anal m 5 an ADCCHO HM DMA CHO Input CHO Stage Xprotolab Timer TCEO Architecture For ADC CH1 Gain Analog ADCCHI1 Input CH1 J Stage e gt DMA CH2 Inputs CH3 amplifier DMA CH1 Timer TCD1
32. r supply and the USB at the same time 4 Can I connect the Xprotolab to the computer to control the oscilloscope and get the data Yes you can use the Xprotolab PC Interface A UART to USB cable will be required 5 Can I connect the Xprotolab to the computer using the USB for firmware updates No a PDI programmer will be needed for firmware updates 6 How much power can the Xprotolab supply The Xprotolab can also power external devices This is the maximum current on each voltage 5V Will be the same as the power source minus 60mA 5V Approximately 50mA but this subtracts from the available current on the 5 line 3 3V Approximately 200 but this subtracts from the available current on the 5 line 7 What is the maximum frequency that can measure with the Xprotolab The analog bandwidth is set at 200kHz However you can still measure frequencies up to almost Nyquist 2 i e 1MHz The FFT analysis will be particularly useful to measure high frequencies 8 Can measure voltages above 20V Yes by adding a 9Mohm resistor on the input Since the input impedance of the device is 1Mohm the voltage will is divided by 10 This is the equivalent of using a 10 1 probe 9 Are the logic inputs 5V tolerant No the logic inputs are not 5V tolerant An easy solution would be to place a 3K resistor in series with the 5V signal this Will work for signals with a frequency lower than 200kHz Another solution would be to use a volta
33. rence between two consecutive samples is greater than a predefined value This is useful for detecting spikes or for detecting high frequency signals The trigger mark is represented on the screen as two small lines with a size proportional to the trigger value Figure 15 Slope trigger FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 13 Xprotolab User s Manual 2 3 3 Post Trigger The oscilloscope is continuously acquiring samples in a circular buffer Once the trigger event occurs the oscilloscope will acquire more samples specified by the Post Trigger value The ability to show samples before or after the trigger occurs is one of the most powerful features of a digital sampling oscilloscope Depending on the post trigger settings different parts of a signal can be displayed Consider the signal on figure 16 Figure 16 Sample signal Even though the buffer sample is relatively small any section of the shown figure can be analyzed by varying the post trigger Examples Post trigger don t acquire more signals after the trigger Only the signals that occurred before the trigger event are shown 4 Figure 17 Post trigger value equal zero Post trigger 5096 of the sample buffer default setting Half of the buffer contains samples before the trigger and half contains the samples after the trigger 2 Figure 18 Post trigger 5096 of sample buffer Post trigger 10096 of the sample buffer Only signals immed
34. rm frequency amplitude offset and duty cycle Figure 41 shows the AWG Menus 4 AWG Menu 2 AWG Menu 3 Lr Select Sine Wave EN Select Square Wave Adjust Duty Cycle Amplitude Duty Cycle Dr oem ae mene romae emen _ Figure 41 AWG Menus 4 1 Predefined Waveforms The Xprotolab can output the standard waveforms of a function generator sine triangle and square It can also output a custom waveform which is initially set with an exponential Triangle Wave Table 5 The custom wave is preset with an exponential but can be changed with the PC Xprotolab Interface 4 2 Frequency Sweep The Xprotolab has a SWEEP feature which increases the frequency of the wave automatically on each screen refresh of the oscilloscope The start and end frequencies are automatically determined by the current sampling rate Since the sweep is synchronized with the oscilloscope displaying perfect frequency plots is a breeze To make a frequency plot set the mode to FFT and set the display to persistent FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 22 Xprotolab User s Manual 4 3 Technical Details 5 The waveform is stored in a 256 byte long buffer this buffer is fed to the XMEGA s DAC thru the DMA Once the waveform is set the waveform will be generated without any CPU intervention The maximum conversion rate of the DAC is 1Msps this limits the maximum output frequency of the A
35. rm type 1 Sine 2 Square 3 Triangle 4 Custom 4 Duty cycle unsigned byte range 0 255 5 Sweep type unsigned byte currently unused 6 Offset signed byte 7 8 Actual period of timer used generate waveform unsigned int 16 6 3 Command Set Sending to device 1 Amplitude 2 Waveform type 3 Duty cycle 4 Sweep 5 Offset 6 9 Desired frequency multiplied by 100 unsigned int 32 All commands sent to the Xprotolab are in ASCII format further data sent or received is in binary Table 6 shows the Xprotolab Interface Protocol Command Set FS DS Xprotolab 1 7 March 2012 Page 26 Xprotolab User s Manual SimuateKCkeyprss Noresponse 1 0 0 0 00 0 No response Auto Setup No response Change mode No response 9 Increase sampling rate Noresponse 002 6 Decrease sampling rate Noresponse No response When the Auto send is active the Xprotolab will continuously send data this is to maximize the refresh rate on the PC side Enable Auto send When using fast sampling rates the Xprotolab will first fill its buffers and then send the buffers in bursts When using slow sampling rates the PC app will need to keep track of time as the samples will arrive with no time reference Hequest CH1 CH1 data 256 bytes Request CH2 CH2 data 256 bytes Hequest CHD
36. rotolab dimensions r 1615 N 16 1 4 Factory Setup The device can enter factory options if the MENU key is pressed during power up The following options are available 1 Offset calibration The unit is calibrated before being shipped but calibration is required again if the firmware is updated 2 Sleep timeout Sets the time to shut down the display and put the microcontroller to sleep after the last key press Shutting down the OLED extends its life The current consumption is also reduced 3 Restore defaults Select this function to restore to the default the settings There are many settings on the device if you are not familiar with them this function is useful to set the device to a known state 1 5 Quick Start Guide Take the Xprotolab out of the packaging Included is an optional 2x3 pin header used for programming the microcontroller via the PDI interface There is a protective film on the display which can be removed A Place the Xprotolab a breadboard and apply power The Xprotolab can be powered with either the USB or with an external power supply by applying 5 on the corresponding pin Double check your connections because the Xprotolab WILL get damaged if applying power on the wrong pin Connect the AWG pin to CH1 Press the K2 and K3 keys simultaneously auto setup The screen should look like figure 6 28041 Figure 6 Quick start FS DS Xprotolab 1 7
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