Home

Group 12 Senior Design Document Spring 2013

1. 279922 99 3 9 98 9 93 99 9939 999 Ecee bec ee EP EE PE REBAE Y ES CUR a SN guo datu Oman cr mm eee ee ee ae Sever eT M d M xima Morus DOMI RE OE TENDERE A eth pom n 7 i DONAR ETT oon vorat oi aen wen mum GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 EDI Figure 3 2 4 OMAP4460 Symbol C Reprinted with Permission from Pandaboard 1 TIT 19 b s T gene HUE hi u il s ME BE e e rn gt Bii e pong ggg i 30 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 comes aaroo paeoqepueg uoissiuued uorueduio 1ueureDeue y 0 091AL 6 sindino Od 13333333333 HII nm a sjndu 007 434 POD OLY Xiueoug gt aries dnacog 1xnvA desig lt 4 21008 gt gt Nouma devel lo
2. pio jpadueyjazepnsuo Jawesymesguo p lqo Woy 24 320 x 12 160 55 p lqo u 1ess eop 328 129190 19 320 Jaunssaud 128 Suns YO 503 qui 55 0 120 2321 OJ S4 8 duisi 151 323140 9110 0 02 1204 yii 22 90 MaiAdeuis Delgo 90 April 29 2013 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Wesselg ase asfN Z7 Z p 314 E MD yewpue palas uoneuisaq Ja u3 uoneBi eN 1a e 53242 asegejeg sdeyy 16009 uoneugnsaqg dey 532119 uogeugnse c 133 91 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Google supplies its Layers abstraction to developers within their downloadable API Layers are graphical overlays the user can turn on and off with information pertaining to the information displayed on the screen Some available included Layers include traffic transit satellite etc The digital map remains in the background while the Layer on top displays additional information Only small pieces of this API will be utilized in th
3. 40 u uo2 be fas mee er 1 a siod 201 pue TX1 TX8 Qe euseiep eos fuowau use 4 Punxa 6416601 jeuondo 40 1 1200 145 mi ONS30o euibu seat e 62 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 3 3 3 6 Barometric Pressure Sensor The barometer is used to measure the atmospheric pressure The higher the altitude we go above sea level the lower the air pressure and vice versa the lower we go below sea level the higher the air pressure Thus with a barometric pressure sensor and the correct equation conversion we are able to calculate the altitude of our tablet To the right is the Bosch 085 high precision low power barometric pressure sensor comes with breakout board for easy prototyping This breakout allows us to access the 6 pins ground Vcc data clock xclear and This sensor Figure 3 3 3 6 1 Barometric Sensor Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 interfaces with 2 See Figure 3 3 3 6 3 10 1 8 3 6V VDDA VDDD Note 1 Pull up resistors for bus Rp 2 2 10 typ 4 7kQ Figure 3 3 3 6 2 Block Diagram for BMP085 Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 RANGE LEU Released under the Creative Commons
4. 501290007 uoisuedx3 Gh EE GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 304290009 uoisuedx3 Aejdsig 15 suopeuu0D uoisuedx3 ANT 33 L preoqepueg uoissiuuad HM 3 8 2 2 22222222008 332244277 52532 25 lt Gi wow 70001 gt 1 Jo sed 1012npui HU9 G 01 HUL G Z1 10151591 0 2 01 gt 2 AAGO GEZI SGpEL N23 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 EREE 34 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 pyeoqepueg pejuudeu Suonoouuo 19uJ9u13 SN S3 6 2 2 4 Tal __ Ocean lt 5 8 uod 8 1 8 1 1 ES Tension s TESTE Ey TER 1 marma EE His Sans
5. Quick turn 1 2 days No minimum orders Easy web upload Free technical assistance Mil spec amp ITAR compliant boards Wide range of Board Materials Available Single sided to high count multi layer boards In summery we can say our PCB design software Eagle has some integrated features to select Elementi4 they also have some experienced partner some features such quick turn in 1 to 2 days no minimum order requirement easy web upload free technical support So compared to cost effectiveness and features with other PCB prototyping company we have chosen Elemnti4 Figure 5 1 1 3 1 shows the custom board designed in EAGLE while Figure 5 1 1 3 2 shows the finished manufactured board e 6000000000 BA y 60008680 Figure 5 1 1 3 1 Custom Circuit board in EAGLE 96 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Figure 5 1 1 3 2 Finished Circuit Board Manufactured from EAGLE design 5 1 1 4 Prototyping Power Supply During the prototyping stage of this project a different source of power will supply the project Instead of the lithium batteries which will be used after the prototyping stage a 9V dc battery or other source will be used The reason behind this is because recharging the lithium batteries after use will drain the battery life With each recharge lithium batteries can hold a smaller charge then before Therefore it is pref
6. SACO WOON 1usuoduo T 12 0d 31 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 gt uoissiuuad uorueduio oipny OVOOTML 972 6 1 waw TR OR ot 9 g SHES TNS Te AAA XD 6 aoe ESH One owes Mee e l olpny xiusoudg oipny rem 52 4 Hoar avaron T 22 sey No OWH gt TON BAS M Saw ee m B E E 213088 p 2 d ONH xxm nd LL NOGT Gnd 32 pyeoqepueg pue 3 1 2 2 5104290007 uorsuedx3 Wigs E z An 5 4 2 288 B EEEE ad ren Joyeuuo i uorsuedx3 Josuas
7. Attribution Share Alike 3 8 License sre httpi creativecomnons or g licenses bu sa 3 8 TITLE BMP 85 Breakout v14 Design bu REU T Holmberg Grusin 1 4 Date 5 14 2012 1 39 38 Figure 3 3 3 6 3 BMP085 Schematic Diagram Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 3 3 3 7 Camera and Adapter A camera is needed for our applications augmented reality We chose the Pandaboard 5MP camera from OmniVision because of its compatibility with the PandaBoard ES It uses the Pandaboard camera adapter that connects the Pandaboard ES s J17 with the 30 pin connector on the Pandaboard camera See Figure 3 3 3 7 1 11 12 Here are some of the features this camera supports 60 Frames per second 720p HD video 2592x1944 Output format 8 10 bit raw RGG data Shutter rolling shutter Len size 1 32 Sensitivity 1300 mV lux sec 64 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 B OUSSSOHRBL A4T 4 pi 3 A KERR z TERROR REAR IID 10 04 19 1 s Figure 3 3 3 7 1 Above left is the PandaBoard 5MP camera Sensor and above right is the Pandaboard camera adapter Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 3 3 3 8 Mini Photocell Photocells act much like resistors A photocell s resistance however changes with the amount of light that hits the cells the more light that strikes the cells the more current is able to flow through Most photocells are able to
8. Features e 2C Digital output of 6 or 9 axis MotionFusion data in rotation matrix quaternion Euler Angle or raw data format e Input Voltage 2 3 3 4V Selectable Solder Jumpers CLK FSYNC and ADO Tri Axis angular rate sensor gyro with a sensitivity up to 131 LSBs dps and a full scale range of 250 500 1000 and 2000dps e Tri Axis accelerometer with a programmable full scale range of 20 40 8g 169 e Digital Motion Processing DMP engine offloads complex MotionFusion sensor timing synchronization and gesture detection Embedded algorithms for run time bias and compass calibration No user intervention required Digital output temperature sensor uController 1010 PandaBoard ES interface 1no x12 CLKIN AUX DA AUX CL VLOGIC C4 a 5 8 5 GND GND Figure 4 1 4 1 Typical Circuit for MPU 605 Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 78 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 4 1 5 Barometer BMP085 The BMP085 is a high precision ultra low power barometric pressure sensor It offers a measuring range of 300 to 1100 hPa with an absolute accuracy of down to 0 03 hPa The 85 has digital interface to be specific This means there may be a bit more overhead to get it talking to IOIO board or microcontroller but in return we get data that is much less susceptible to noise and other factors that
9. roughly 20 200km above Earth When the GPS is powered on it is using 24 active satellites at any given time There are many different types of GPS on the market today although they all pretty much do the same thing To narrow our selections we first had to set ee eprinted with permission from a few parameters 9 Sparkfun com 3 Size The size of our GPS device is extremely important The design team needs it to be as compact as possible since it will be soldered on to the custom PCB Real estate is limited on our board The design team also needs to know the exact dimensions and also fit the antenna on to it Update Rate The update rate is how fast the next set of data can be processed so the GPS module can recalculate and reposition itself Usually for most GPS devices it is about one second 1Hz However with faster vehicles like a boeing 777 the GPS needs to have a faster refresh rate to stay on route This also puts a heavy load on the microprocessor that is processing the data For this project we do not need a fast update rate since we will be walking with the tablet Number of channels The more channels the GPS module has the faster it can pick up satellites when it initially starts After that it may shut off some of the channels to preserve battery life The GPS for this project needs to find a fixed signal as soon as possible more channels also mean more cost For the tablet we will keep the number of channels
10. EELISE 9n t mro al EE axo aqu gt 5 SER exo mro TE BAT OW 9 O Ore exo mro say 7 9 wot tte 2 5 exo FEN mro cam sion sco 42 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 c uoissiuued 10 99UUOD 021 uoisuedxa3 2 2 aunbi4 Svp 5 35 OB ap 88883888888 8 43 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 aram fear d Mearan 2 uoissiuued pejuudeu 58620650 peog uoisuedx3 9 s 2g e1nDiJ dasererat gt K INN AA 81500181858 44 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 3 2 1 6 Seven Inch LCD The 7 inch LCD screen comes with the purchase of the Panda expansion board designed and produced by ChipSee See Figure 3 2 1 6 1 When buying the Panda expansion board we had the option to choose between the capacitive touch and the resistive touch screen We first looked into the resistive touch screen It was m
11. Program Alpha version of the Application January 30 2012 2 5 Test Alpha Version February 7 2012 3 5 Program Beta version of the Application March 1 2013 4 S Test Beta Version March 7 2013 5 5 Complete Final version of the Application April 1 2013 6 5 Test Final Version of Application April 7 2013 Presentation of Project May 01 2013 Table 8 2 2 Milestones Spring 2013 118 April 29 2013 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 06 2990120 Jequieideg 9391410 9 815 eye jog paseyoing 9121909 12504014 uSis q pue z jdwo 815 4 upeesay yaloid ypseasay palord ZTOZ ST TT 102 91 01 210 60 0 02 71 60 7102 90 21 CLOC 1915995 E4 119 April 29 2013 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 91e duio 8unse uoneoijddy jeuly pue 05 Suljse 02 0 0 V 2102 10 20 Aew judy 02 0 60 enaga Menue 91e duio suois19A suiSag 8uruuej804g M Bu SPEI uOneot ddy pue edA10101 uopeosddy nd T0c 10 S0 81e duio5 8 5 4 2102 10 20 02 0 0 3112419 cT OC Suiudg
12. Sent Monday November 19 2012 10 18 PM To zulkafil Subject Re Asking Permission to use images for educational report Dear Ahamed Sorry for the delay to reply to you We feel honored that you use our picture in your research project Do you need a formal Permission document 2012 11 16 zulkafil lt zulkafil knights ucf edu gt To whom it may concern I am a student at the University of Central Florida currently working on a engineering design group of four people as part of a course Senior Design requirement We would like to ask if it is ok to use the figure of Pandaboars ES and the expansion board since we are using them in our design as a reference board According to school rules we need permission as well as we have to quote the source in our report From Parallax Support support parallax com Sent Monday December 03 2012 3 41 PM To phillip lee knights ucf edu Subject SUPPORT XYA 602 14933 Permission to use images 2 Hello Phillip Our documentation and products are open source so feel free to use them in your project Best of luck and wish you well with your project Nick From Level 1 1 9 lt Sent Friday November 16 2012 12 21 PM To Phillip Lee Subject Re Sparkfun copyright permission Hi Phillip You can use the schematics for you project Under the image of each component on the product webpage there is a link that says CC BY NC SA 3 0 Th
13. n ma pes E FF LAM enc na Treo CEN T Dea AT 7 i 2 1 ma 4 ees ma gt Les cu 282 tue aie 2 Interface i Figure 3 2 11 Pandaboard ES Video output Reprinted with Permission from Pandaboard 1 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 ipply Supplement to PMIC OMAP VDD MPU Core Su as single traces connected to Route Sense B1 and C1 connections Figure 3 2 12 Pandaboard Power Circuits Reprinted with Permission from Pandaboard 1 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 3 2 1 5 Panda Expansion Board The Pandaboard ES expansion board designed and produced by ChipSee is a board that allows the Panda board ES to plug right into it via several pin connecters See Figure 3 2 1 5 3 It adds many features that aid developers and speed up the development process This includes either a four wire resistive touch or capacitive touch screen a 7 inch LCD screen See Figure 3 2 1 5 5 three axis digital accelerometer See Figure 3 2 1 5 6 three axis digital compass See Figure 3 2 1 5 4 and five user keys buttons The capacitive touch is used in this project It also comes mounted on a plastic board that holds the LCD screen and the circuitry together There is also a 3G module that supports SIM5320 See Figure 3 2 1 5 2 which
14. Ground pins GND should almost always be connected together when combining multiple devices so thats an easy connection to figure out NZ Figure 4 1 2 1 2 Orientation of Axis of sensitivity and polarity of rotation Reprinted with permission from V torc com 4 Next let s look at SCL and SDA These are the communication pins The ITG 3200 uses a communication protocol called 2 to talk with other devices in our system the IOIO All I2C devices have the SDA and SCL signals 4 1 3 GPS Module We used the Antenna GPS Embedded SMA for our system powered by Module VTGPSIA 3 Embedded antenna for small mobile applications Basic unpackaged antenna with LNA 5inch cable terminated with standard male SMA connector Match it with any SMA interface cable to create a truly small GPS prototype Features Gain 26dB VSWR lt 2 0 Voltage 3 3V 0 5V Current 12mA Weight 18g Mechanical 1 RF 1 13 178 RG 174 2 Conneco 3 Plastic Housing Gray or Black or Brown 4 Mounting O Internal _5 Weight 0 015kg Without Connector and Cable Table Reprinted permission pending from V torc com 77 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 4 1 4 Accelerometer We hused an accelerometer in our system or tablet We have selected as an option to use MPU 6050 triple axis accelerometer triple axis MEMS accelerometer in MPU 6050 includes a wide range of features
15. See Figure 3 3 2 4 1 49NOd AR i Figure 3 3 2 4 1 PSoC Microsontroller Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 52 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 3 3 3 Sensors 3 3 3 1 Magnetometer Magnetic field detectors use the Earth s magnetic poles to sense its direction Magnetic sensors compasses are the bread and butter of navigation control systems and will prove an essential element to the proper operation of the software application and its accuracy See Figure 3 3 3 1 1 5 Figure 3 3 3 1 1 Magnetometer Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 TITLE HMC5883L Breakout v11 Document Number REU Date 5 4 2011 9 54 49 Figure 3 3 3 1 2 Magnetometer Schematic Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 53 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Above is the HMC5883L magnetometer breakout by Sparkfun See Figure 3 3 3 1 2 It breaks out 4 pins for easy prototyping Ground Vcc data and clock It features a simple 2 interface draws low power and has a 5 milli gauss resolution This board is exactly what we need for our tablet and is selling for 14 95 on Sparkfun With this chip our tablet will know what directions north south east and west are 3 3 3 2 Gyroscopes The gyroscope is another important sensor to our project Similar to the function of the accelerometer it wi
16. built in 34 Among all of these requirements and restrictions it will be close to impossible for Project AUGI to develop and Apple related hardware in a timely manner Submitting the application for MFi seems difficult enough on top of earning the privilege to become hardware for Apple seems near impossible 3 1 3 3 Windows Phone Windows Phone 8 is still in early development at this point and does not have any official development kits at the moment In order to develop any hardware for Windows Phone 8 you must be a Microsoft hardware partner right now These companies include Nokia HTC Samsung etc The reason for this is probably so the early adopters get a good end user experience because they are using hardware made by reputable companies As the ecosystem and the platform as a whole get stronger we may see Microsoft release a hardware development kit 3 2 Hardware Resources Research 3 2 1 Reference Board Hardware Summary The hardware for our project revolves around the PandaBoard ES The PandaBoard ES is the heart and brains of this project See Figure 3 2 1 1 It was the platform which the operating system the latest version of Android ran on This board was mounted on the Panda expansion board which has a 7 0 inch LCD screen A resolution of 800 by 480 pixels with five point capacitive touch 21 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 and five user keys buttons There was also a three axis digital accele
17. 1 1 1 2 IOIO Board Connections Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 74 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 4 1 2 Gyroscope We used a Triple Axis Digital Output Gyro ITG 3200 to integrate with IOIO board This is a breakout board for InvenSense s ITG 3200 a groundbreaking triple axis digital output gyroscope Communication with the ITG 3200 is achieved over a two wire interface The sensor also features a interrupt output and an optional clock input A jumper on the top of the board allows us to easily select the I C address Provided below is the summery the features Digital output X Y and Z Axis angular rate sensors gyros integrated circuit with a sensitivity of 14 375 LSBs per and a full scale range of 2000 sec Three integrated 16 bit ADCs provide simultaneous sampling of gyros while requiring no external multiplexer Enhanced bias and sensitivity temperature stability reduces the need for user calibration Low frequency noise lower than previous generation devices simplifying application development and making for more responsive motion processing Digitally programmable low pass filter Low 6 5mA operating current consumption for long battery life e Wide VDD supply voltage range of 2 1V to 3 6V Flexible VLOGIC reference voltage allows for 12C interface voltages from 1 71V to VDD Standby current 5uA Smallest and thin
18. 102 0 0 120 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 7 3 Project Sponsors This project received a generous sponsorship from the U S Army s Simulation and Training Technology Center STTC which operates in a partnership with the University of Central Florida s Institute for Simulation Training IST IST is a UCF research institute that focuses on advanced human centered modeling and simulation technology STTC more narrowly focuses on enhancing the modern warfighters readiness through the research and development applies simulation technologies One of Group 12 s project Figure 7 3 1 Simulation and Training Technology Center members has a student internship Logo with STTC attained through UCF s Experiential Learning Center This put him in contact with a highly professional team of engineers who were happy fund a research project that could further work in the simulation field and have possible benefits for warfighters in the field A number of these benefits are explained in the Projects Motivations section of Section 2 The sponsors are especially interested in the application of augmented reality for aiding in navigation and the usefulness of the landmark marking tools that will be a part of the software application that is being designed for this project They were available to offer guidance and answer technical questions the design team may have 7 4 Project Budget and Finance As st
19. Adobe Flash Silverlight is most commonly used in web browsers Figure 3 1 1 1 3 1 Windows Phone 8 Layout Editor Microsoft Open Instruction Image and can be enabled as an add on similar to Flash Silverlight is the driving force GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 behind many of Microsoft s web based development Microsoft has provided the community with downloadable UI templates for developers to use The user interface design tool Microsoft provides is called Microsoft Expression Blend This is a separate module sold by Microsoft itself Expression Blend works seamlessly with Visual Studio Microsoft s own official Integrated Development Environment which makes it easy to move objects back and forth without the need for conversions 35 3 1 1 1 4 Winner Overall the Interface creation among the 3 platforms is very competitive from Android s extremely versatile development environment to IOS s polished and easy and straightforward Interface Builder to Microsofts well integrated development ecosystem The two interface creation mechanisms that seemed the most complete were Apple s IOS and Microsoft s Windows Phone Android fell short when it came to usability and completeness and when time is of the essence that is a risk that must be considered 3 1 1 2 Platform and Tools Development tools are a crucial in a speedy development process This is an area where these platforms begin to show their differences as far
20. B80 97ND Baki BY 68t 20ND Gati ENV 8181 B7N2 8TNV 43862 841 TT8H BCN2 1TNM DQ1 CTBH BEN2 7290312 7 TN 321 ETEH TEN2 T90312 E the 101 FTEM CEN2 b Tdt S101 2 gt FNY ONS vb Love Love p p 5 8 88 32 ORIEN Y8n8 71 dH20 18 n8 9 T00 T45 6982 015838 7 18d42 1 106 40 T1260 0lest 9 Tati 276 408 8Tdt 2s amp 45 81N2 808 21d53 72 126 BRI GPND CLNI TTA HG POU BOND SHISNGN BO9 eZ di ND2d2n ZO Cdi HdO COt CGN2 N39 CCdt FOBS T182 120 SZ dt 90t 81N2 8NIE3 208 91 3 0 35535 9 BOB ESNO Zdt N140 2218 B t 7 7 209 8308943 009 135 66N2 TOR 236 89N3 708 35 19N2 E05 i3t C9N2 2NASH amp 3t ESN2 JNASn 935 942 E 7105 2709 385 8949 EvOS E T09 42314 Tn NE E 5 eu alalalalolciolala a alalalalalalala 73 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 HiB 5 15U input DO NOT use single cell UGPo gt 1 18 Tp VIN VIN EN GND VINA ml UA 22uF GND GND 1 8 1 9 5 GND 13 14 45 16 7 18 51 19 110 TEI 12 113 114 aye 15 116 e lt a 5 119 EG 279 SND 18 GND GND 120 _ a 121 JP 3j uc L 122 123 124 125 126 122 128 124 130 TI Figure 4
21. Broan E C I sa a Sita Le r qnH 950 35 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 BBBBANS3 E ma DAT7 5 3 y 4 amp i y Pity 3 2 uenti pu gt unnm m 42 usa vive m uen Figure 3 2 10 SSMMC and USB Reprinted with Permission from Pandaboard 1 36 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 HDMI Charge Pump ESD Level Translator aR S DVS BEAR gt Pace as Cese as possibie to US device pin xo eu mE m mE e LE 24 Uv ws 22592 LLLI pa neamo Rism S Y ILLA M Lue H PODE DATE yuan q Vr 0 ag xS E t m _ gt i 266 3 EnA A GS M 60 8 E DAT 3 nia CUBE Bang STD ws H Des namis lazio T 3H ws 065 DAT gt DATO 2 Er 0 4 POS SS eS 728 ron B 3 gM 1d pes 2 24
22. GPS Venus638FLPx GPS Antenna VTGPSIA 3 Lithium lon Battery Charger MCP73843 410 Magnetometer HMC5883L Photocell SEN 09088 Polymer Lithium lon Battery 6Ah PRT 08484 Status LEDs Triple Output LED RGB SMD COM 07844 Step Up Breakout NCP1402 5V 5 1 3 Housing The focus of this project is on PCB Construction and application programming nonetheless we built a PlexiGlass container that can hold all of the electrical components including the screen and battery The simple design is laid out in 5 1 2 1 and meets the basic needs of this project In this design the circuit components are mounted in a stacked manner This is done in order minimize the square area needed to house the components in the X and Y plane This does lead to a perceptible increase in thickness in the tablet but this is not considered as a serious issue The design does allow for a power button and 5 push buttons to represent the buttons found on normal Android smart phones as is shown in the final product image Figure 5 1 2 2 and Figure 5 1 2 3 Space has been allocated to the battery that will power the unit along the right hand side The GPS antenna has been mounted in the upper left hand corner of the device Underneath the main touch screen sits two circuit boards one being the Pandaboard and the other being the expansion board to connect a screen to 98 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 it The third circuit board which is the custom sensor board
23. GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 1 Executive Summary The goal of this project was to develop an enhanced navigation experience that goes beyond a simple two dimensional 2D map or turn by turn directions To do this augmented reality was used to add visual aids to the user experience in order to more easily display directly to the user the location of desired points of interest and a visual path of how to get there Augmented reality was used to overlay visual cues on top of what the user is seeing on their device This method ensures that the user can easily confirm that what they see on the map directly conforms to the environment they see around them To implement this augmented reality setup an application was developed that integrated a 2D map interface augmented reality navigation Global Positioning System GPS location tracking and customization of points of interest options This application was installed into an electronic device that is portable uses a common hardware platform and a common operating system OS foundation By building for an electronic device that uses common components and software foundations the developed navigation application will be eminently portable to other electronic devices such as smart phones or tablets To design this electronic device we began with a hardware development kit as a foundation and added any additional hardware functionality we needed in order to achieve the goals
24. Phone s SDK package is beginning to gain its reputation as one of the more polished development kits available With Windows new roll out of Windows Phone 8 many changes were made to both the operating system itself and its software development kit With these new added SDK features Microsoft is now upping the system requirements of the development PC you can work on now With the new Windows Phone 8 SDK comes the addition of Microsofts very own Hyper V requirement to run the Windows Figure 3 1 1 3 3 1 Windows Phone 8 Device Emulator Microsoft Open Instruction Image 15 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Phone 8 emulator See Figure 3 1 1 3 3 1 Since many developers have the own preference of operating system and prefer not change when switching to a new development platform because of platform limitations i e Apple and Microsoft they often find themselves running on virtual machines within their preferred operating system to get the job done To run the Windows Phone Emulator within a virtual environment Second Level Address Translation SLAT is needed and this in turn needs Hyper V on the server Hyper V has become somewhat of a hurdle for many developers on the web now having to revamp their systems after the new change 35 Once the Emulator is setup and running performance is fast and the interface is sleek Navigation within the UI is just as it would be on the physical devices and it is smooth an
25. SPRING 2013 3 1 1 1 Interface Creation Editing Interface creation within an application can be a very trivial yet time consuming task Many times developers find themselves spending too much time on code pertaining to the user interface and not enough time on the core functionality of the application Thankfully Google Microsoft and Apple have all included interface creation tools that will assist and reduce the amount of time spend on creating a usable graphical interface which in turn will free up time spent on developing the core functionality The strengths and weaknesses of the three competitors are described below 3 1 1 1 1 Android Androids Layout Editor is Google s answer to building an android interface and underlying functionality within an Android application Using this layout editor you have the ability to visually create the graphical interface which that you wish to use This layout editor is tightly associated with the XML that it generates within your code Many developers online agree that Google s layout editor seems a bit crude and they often found 7 themselves editing the generated XML code themselves Android s Layout Editor does have its advantages though Android s csoma uban views mechanism configuring referencing outlets for Ul Figure3 1 1 1 1 1 Google s Layout Editor elements is agreed to be the Google Open Instruction Image most intuitive of all the
26. The first involves using augmented reality cues to tell the user exactly where to go when they are looking at the tablet In other words a virtual pointer is overlaid live onto what the user is seeing so that they can follow it easily to their destination By using a pointer on what they are seeing the user need not be able to interpret a map They won t need to be able to identify landmarks such as streets intersections or buildings along the path to their destination This implementation solves an inherent limitation of turn by turn instructions The augmented reality tablet highlights the exact path the user must follow The user will only need to follow the pointer without needing to identify intermediate landmarks to get to their destination This also allows them to easily take the exact path they must take both locally and in the distance in front of them adding new perspective to the journey that they previously could only conjure up in their mind with a flat 2D map The second main focus of this application will be to allow the user to add landmark references to a 2D map Soldiers could use it to highlight enemy foxholes or gun positions or mark off entire areas to avoid It is one thing to mark on a map the location of a point of interest it is another completely to be able to see where it is in their field of view By having it displayed in their field of view they will not waste time trying to match the data they see on thei
27. al out effort to finish on time To avoid this problem the general goal will be for this project to be to be 80 complete with research design and construction with only 5096 of the allocated time having passed Research and design will be performed in the Fall Semester 2012 The goal will be to have all research complete a test bed for research purchased and running and to be in the process of creating the design schematics by mid semester This will allow sufficient time to finalize the design and allow a full four weeks to write the minimum 120 pages needed for the final design document due at the end of the Fall Semester 2012 For the Spring 2013 Semester it will be vital to have a running prototype as soon as possible in order to allow performance testing and provide feedback on how well the project is progressing This will also mean that there will likely need to be a redesign with a follow up re testing in order to work out un anticipated issues It will thus be important to ensure most of this work is completed midway through the allocated time The goal will be then to complete two construction and testing cycles by the midpoint of the semester This will allow sufficient time after the midpoint to refine the design and to do further testing to prove that the tablet meets or exceeds the desired performance metrics By keeping to the 80 complete at 50 timeframe rule this project will have sufficient time to correct for any un antic
28. an object oriented programming version of the C programming language adds object oriented syntax features to the existing C base which means it is fully backwards compatible with regular C code Objective C is the only programming language allowed for application development on Apple devices 1 16 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 3 1 1 4 1 Android For Google s Android platform the programming language that is used for application development is Java through the Android Software Development Kit SDK The most popular IDE for application development is Eclipse Eclipse is a widely used IDE that is highly flexible and extensible so that it can be used for coding in a wide variety of languages 27 3 1 1 4 2 iOS Apple offers up Objective C through its Xcode integrated development environment IDE Xcode is used to develop all iOS applications This IDE contains all the necessary pieces that are needed to develop applications for Apple devices including an integrated Interface builder for graphical user interface construction GUI and developer documentation for building applications 34 3 1 1 4 3 Windows Phone Application development for Windows Phone 8 is done through the Windows Phone Developer Tools which can be integrated into the Visual Studios IDE supports native C and libraries and uses a shared runtime known as the Common Language Runtime This allows easy porting of software between W
29. axis to measure Unfortunately gyroscopes are much more expensive since the technology is fairly new when compared to the accelerometer Different gyroscopes measure 54 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 different axis like yaw and roll or roll and pitch It is essential that our tablet is capable of measuring all axis as its orientation can rotate on any of the three axis Power Usage Similar to the accelerometer the gyroscope consumes around the 1000 range It is possible to find gyroscopes that have a sleep function and will only turn on when the sensor needs to be used Bonus features Some additional features for gyroscopes are temperature sensors that can compensate for drift The picture to in Figure 3 3 3 2 1 is the ITG 3200 a 3 axis digital output gyro by Sparkfun It operates with a low current consumption of 6 5mA and with a standby current draw of 5uA It uses the 2 400 2 serial interface This board sells for 49 95 This was one of the main gyroscopes we considered but ended up picking an IMU board for our tilt sensor 6 3 3 3 3 Accelerometers The accelerometer is one of the primary sensors since we need to know the orientation of our tablet This sensor essentially measures the units of meters per seconds squared m s 2 or G force g which is about 9 8 meters per second squared Other factors like the mass of the planet and the elevation will alter the readings The acceleromete
30. competitors Lastly the documentation for theming and styles in Android is not as helpful as the others 27 Text Fields 3 1 1 1 2 iOS Apple has developed an interface building tool called Interface Builder See Figure 3 1 1 1 2 1 Apple s Interface builder is the most polished interface creation tool of its competitors Interface Builder makes manipulating and adding components to your user interface simple By taking advantage of drag and drop features for almost every graphical situation directly editing XML becomes almost non existent Apple also has the advantage in the user interface 10 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 development arena because of its support for only one screen resolution This means unlike Android and Windows Phone that layouts do not have to be specified in any specific way to allow them to conform to the standard 34 Figure 3 1 1 1 2 1 iOS Layout Editor Apple Open Instruction Image 3 1 1 1 3 Windows Phone Windows Phone 8 is a fairly new operating system so not many people have tried and tested the SDK environment yet The Windows Phone SDK is basically a subset of Microsofts rich UI for web enabled content Because the Windows Phone SDK is so similar to Microsoft s Silverlight it is logical to understand Silverlight is first before trying to understand Windows Phone SDK Silverlight is used for running rich internet applications and is very similar to
31. detect light ranging from a dark room to direct light although calibration is required The Mini Photocell Figure 3 3 3 8 1 is used in the project to detect the amount of ambient light and adjust the brightness of the 7 inch LCD screen Figure 3 3 3 8 2 is a graph showing the resistance in the photocell is proportionate to the amount of light measured in lux the greater the amount of light the lesser the resistances 13 Vs Photo Resistance 1000 100 10 TOOtux Figure 3 3 3 8 1 Photocell Figure 3 3 3 8 2 Photocell Performance Stats Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 65 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 3 4 Custom PCB design Intro The custom PCB is the only hardware design of this project The rest of the hardware like the PandBoard ES and the expansion board are already designed and built Therefore this hardware was the most time consuming during the prototyping phase It had to function as described in the specifications 3 4 1 Sensors on the Custom Board The custom PCB includes all of the sensors for our project This includes the barometric pressure sensor the global positioning system GPS inertial measurement unit IMU and the magnetometer compass This board is the back bone of our project if the sensors do not work then we will not be able to implement our augment reality application First let us b
32. is detected the pin read HIGH 5V tolerant pins will tolerate up to 5V and also treat it as HIGH When nothing forces a voltage on the pin the pins can be told to either o Not influence the pin in any way The read value will be rather chaotic and can t be relied on This is called floating mode and it is the default mode for input pins o Gently pull the pin to 3 3V so that the value will be read HIGH unless someone forces on it This is called pull up mode 71 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Gently pull the pin to OV so that the value will be read LOW unless someone forces 3 3V or 5V in designated pins on it This is called pull down mode Open drain can be useful in several situations The most common is that some electronic components require signal rather than OV 3 3V The way 10 achieve that is very simple First for this purpose you need to select a 5V tolerant pin If we attempt to implement this method on a non 5V tolerant pin we risk permanently damaging our pin or the entire board 5V tolerant pins are designated on the bottom of the board with circles around the pin 4 1 1 5 Analog Output has 16 pins commonly known as Analog Inputs which are capable of measuring voltage levels between OV 3 3V with a precision of about 3mV We must ensure not to supply voltage levels outside this range on those pins or we will potentially damage our hardware In some
33. is positioned below the screen for easy viewing The final dimensions of the box are 8 5in x 11in x 2in The Plexiglass is 1 4in thick and chemically bonded together forming an extremely sturdy device m1 Tom 1 22 2 7 muU c 9 Bn 0 8 Figure 5 1 2 1 Handwritten Layout of Housing 99 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 il Figure 5 1 2 2 Front view of the Tablet Housing 100 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Figure 5 1 2 3 Side view of the Tablet Housing 5 2 Software Coding 5 2 1 Project Development Lifecycle Project AUGI is venturing into new territory With new territory come unknown questions and problems that may have and even more unknown timeframe before they are resolved When boldly going into new territory software developers and hardware alike need a plan or proposed lifecycle to which they can model their efforts upon A development lifecycle is essential to the breaking ground when it comes to new technology and because of this there have been many proposed Development Lifecycle models tried for different applications 25 Project AUGI has chosen to use the Transformational Model to which we will model our development lifecycle off of The Transformational Model tries to reduce the opportunity for error by eliminating many of the maj
34. of this project By starting with a hardware and software platform that is common to the industry the sourcing of parts design of the software application and the ability to customize the design was made eminently easier To prepare for this undertaking various hardware and software platforms were investigated in order to determine what will best suit our needs The general design process began with an investigation into various operating system platforms and their various strengths and weaknesses Since the operating system is what ties the application and hardware together and to an extent determines what hardware foundation is used it was a natural place to start Once an operating system was chosen the next step was to choose the hardware platform to run it on This was needed to be portable expandable and easily customizable to enhance the user experience and provide sufficient performance to support the software environment Any hardware functionality that was not in the chosen platform was designed and added in order to meet the needs of this project Application research and design was able to begin once the hardware and software platform was selected The design team for this project is composed of two senior electrical engineering students and two senior computer engineering students electrical engineers focused on the hardware aspects of this project which included designing an expansion board that adds hardware functiona
35. or know their current location arrive at their desired destination Skilled users will find the points of interest functionality very useful in being able to mark on 2D map locations that can be highlighted in the augmented reality space thus providing additional perspective as to distance and direction from the users current location This will also allow the user to easily share with others points of interest that they too can see on their augmented reality setup This target group can also be expanded to today s war fighter Often times soldiers can find themselves operating in environments that don t offer easily identifiable landmarks for them to maintain their bearings Dense urban environments mountainous terrain dense jungle and forest can all conspire to confuse soldiers as to their exact location the location of their destination and any important areas around them tool that overlays digital information on top of what they are seeing would be invaluable to instantly informing them of their exact path and providing perspective as to how far and in what direction in relation to what they are seeing is their objective The ability to mark enemy positions on a map and then visually see those positions overlaid onto what they are seeing would allow them to precisely locate hidden or difficult to see locations The potential benefits and applications to the modern war fighter can be endless Whole areas could be marked as unsafe for t
36. pin outs If you look at the sensors section of this report you will find that most if not all our sensors are breakout boards That is so we can prototype our project in a timely manner These boards are just for prototyping the actual custom PCB will be a single board with all the chips and components on it 3 5 1 1 3 Selecting PCB Prototyping Company PCB prototyping is important part for our custom designed PCB We are using CADSoft Eagle software for our custom design circuit As we mentioned earlier in the custom PCB design part we will build our own circuit depending on our 94 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 project requirement Our reference board contains lots of features but we will only extract the features that related to our project requirement as a result we need to build our own compact PCB where we will integrate all of our sensors and external device For PCB prototyping we have selected Elelment14 among many PCB prototyping providers for a number of reasons One of the reasons is the software we are using Eagle professional is a very powerful PCB design software which is available in our lab for senior design Moreover all the sensors and components we have selected come with Eagle supported files and Eagle have a built in feature that allow us to make a components list easily and order directly to Element14 website Element14 are one of the biggest PCB prototyping service providers with lots of f
37. rigid designs that provide a hypothetical framework for a system Defining an architectural style is important when reaching road blocks or problems pertaining to design as they can map out the generic procedure for solving them The Architecture that we will be utilizing within our project is called a Pipe and Filter model The pipe and filter model is attained by receiving input data from a source and the manipulating and converting this data into something that can be utilized in the program The concept of a pipe is basically a connector or roadway to transfer the data from one filter to another eventually traversing it to 102 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 the program termination Filters are the components that do the data manipulation to utilize for our application In terms of the software version of project AUGI the hardware being built will be feeding data in from the integrated sensors These sensors will include gyroscope magnetometer barometer ambient light sensor and GPS With the information fed to the operating system the proposed algorithms in our design and the system delivered algorithms from Google should act as the filters for our development architecture 25 Figure 5 2 2 1 Project Development Architecture 6 Project Prototype Testing 6 1 Hardware Testing In testing our hardware we chose to consider some real life situations such as navigating around campus from one building to ano
38. satisfy most any charging requirement Reprinted with permission from This charger has a JST XH charge plug aparktun c em a which makes it compatible with Zippy HXT iMax and any pack with a JST XH adapter Note A power supply is not included The DC input jack is not the same as the standard 5 5mm size we use It has a larger pin diameter Thankfully it does come with a barrel jack to alligator clip adapter Note Although the enclosure is labeled as an Imax B6 this is not the same charger as the more expensive charger by the same name Dimensions e 133x87x33mm e Weight 277g Features Ni MH NiCd cells 1 15 Li ion Poly cells 1 6 Delta peak sensitivity Large range of charge currents Store function allows safe storage current Time limit function Input voltage monitoring protects car batteries in the field 84 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Data storage Store up to 5 packs in memory Battery break in and cycling Input Voltage 11 18 Circuit power Max Charge 50W Max Discharge 5W Charge Current Range 1 6 0 Pb battery voltage 2 20v 1 LiPo 1S LiPo 2S 1 LiPo 3S LiPo 4S 1 Individual bal port Individual bal port LiPo 5S Figure 4 1 8 2 2 Pinout of the charger Figure 4 1 8 2 3 Pinout of the charger 85 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 8 1 Ex
39. satisfy the electrical characteristics specified above after exposed to the temperature 40 C 5 Cfor 24 2 hours and to 2 hours recovery time under normal temperature Temperature Cycle Test The device should also satisfy the electrical characteristics specified above after exposed to the low temperature 25 C and high temperature 85 C for 30 2 min each by 5 cycles and 1 to 2 hours recovery time under normal temperature 6 1 7 Power Supply Rechargeable Battery Pack The power supply plays significant roll on the overall performance of the tablet consequently while testing the battery pack we tested the following criteria Charge 1 Charging current should be lower than values that recommend below Higher current and voltage charging may cause damage to cell electrical mechanical safety performance and could lead heat generation or leakage 2 Batteries charger should charging with constant current and constant voltage mode 3 Charging current should be lower than or equal to 1C5A 4 Temperature 40 degree Celsius is preferred when charging 5 Charging voltage must be lower than 8 25V Discharge 1 Discharging current must be lower than or equal to 2C5A 2 Temperature 60 degree Celsius is preferred when discharging 3 Discharging voltage must not be lower than 7 0V Over discharge It should be noted that the cell would be at an over discharge state by its self discharge In order to prevent over discharge the cell
40. shall be charged periodically to keeping voltage between 7 0 8 0V 108 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Over discharge may cause loss of cell performance It should be noted that the cell would not discharge till voltage lower than 6 5V 6 1 8 GPS Accuracy Our senior design project is Augmented Reality Tablet which activities performance reliability are significantly depends on GPS sensors accuracy consequently we considered GPS accuracy as important criteria for the system We had to deeply analyze GPS accuracy to confirm our expected performance of the system as accurate as possible as well as reliable in any possible conditions The Global Positioning System GPS is a space based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in some scientific way anywhere on or near the Earth when there is a straight line of sight or path to four or more GPS satellites GPS is now widely accepted as significant component or system for many applications for daily use There are some factors to consider when we deal with the GPS system but not limited to mentioned factors only Those factors place some limitation when we calculate some GPS data and play a negative roll for GPS system accuracy Most observed factors affecting the accuracy of GPS GPS Technique employed Autonomous WADGPS DGPS etc Atmospheric errors Surrounding conditions such visibility or obstacles issues Nu
41. since the PandaBoard ES will be running the Android operating system the IOIO board fits perfectly for our project The chip is actually the same used in a PIC microcontroller but with a boot loader programmed to let Android applications control the 48 pin outs This is all done with a simple and intuitive Java and does not need an external programmer to program the chip 15 3 3 1 2 IOIO Peripherals The IOIO board interacts with its peripherals or pin outs much the same way most microcontrollers do The pins are digital input digital output pulse width modulation PWN analog input 12C SPI and UART and can all be controlled Figure 3 3 1 2 1 20 I O Pins 1 48 e e eee ec 5 vi y 74 9 27 aj OEF ey X 26 i cs 1 15 1 OEL 4 4 t 75 Figure 3 3 1 2 1 IOIO Pinout Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 48 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 1 USB Connector The female connector that connects to the PandaBoard ES 2 Ground Pin The ground connection power supply s negative terminal 3 Vin The power supply s positive terminal 5 15v 4 5V Pin 5v output after the power supply is regulated 5 3 3 Pin 3 3 output after the power supply i
42. the exact position IMU s are widely used in robotic arms and even missiles 8 Below is a list of features the MPU 6050 has Digital output temperature sensor Digital output 2 6 or 9 axis Motion Fusion Data in raw Euler Angle quaternion rotation matrix format Digital Motion Processing Embedded algorithms Build in accelerometer and gyroscope Optional external magnetometer sensor can be added The picture above See Figure 3 3 3 4 1 is the MPU 6050 triple axis accelerometer and gyroscope breakout by Sparkfun This board also includes a magnetometer that acts as a compass The board basically combines a 3 axis accelerometer with a 3 axis gyroscope together with a Digital Motion Processor DMP This DMP can process complex 9 axis Motion Fusion algorithms Interfacing with the auxiliary master 2 bus and can also access external sensors like a magnetometer And at a price point of 39 95 on Sparkfun we decided this will be our tilt sensor for our tablet 8 The picture above is the logic schematic for the MPU 6050 As can be seen it uses either 2 or SPI to communicate with the MPU to process the data It also includes extra AUX CL and AUX DA for external sensors like a compass 57 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 MPU 60X0 SCL J soasoi SDA Optional Ls d CL dee RT GNO REGOUT Figure 3 3 3 4 2 MPU 6050 Block Diagram
43. two seconds before a dialog will appear asking for the user to name the landmark Once you have named the landmark press OK and a marker will be placed onto the map where you have touched This landmark will now be available when asking for direction from your current location See Directions for more details Team AUGI has also included some built in landmarks for you so you don t have to add popular landmarks like Business Student Union or Engineering Figure 8 3 1 below illustrates the pop up window that will be displayed after releasing your finger from a two second hold Create New Landmark Enter New Landmark Name Figure 8 3 1 Adding a Custom Landmark 124 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 8 4 Directions The Direction button can be pressed at any time Directions will route you from your current location using the GPS sensor from the custom board to a destination within your Landmarks archive The Landmarks archive is populated by system delivered landmarks and custom landmarks that the user has entered Upon pressing the Directions button a spinner will appear displaying both the custom and system delivered landmarks for you to route to The spinner is illustrated in Figure 8 4 1 below Student Union Library Harris Engineering Classroom 1 Health and Public Affair Melican Hall Parking Lot C Stadium Figure 8 4 1 Directions Spinner containing Landmarks Upon choosing a destination to rou
44. used to overlay the virtual images into the user s field of use Ideally the implementation of this navigation aid would be able to function using any of these methods This tablet was built onto a hardware platform that is common to other tablet designs such as those used for Android or IOS devices By adopting one of the popular hardware and software standards the team was able to build a product that can be widely used on all other similar devices By using a common platform with other devices the software implementation of the augmented reality can be easily installed to other devices that share the same platform By using a tablet design that one can hold up to their line of sight with the landscape and allow the software to draw visual cues over the problems mentioned in 2 1 can be overcome A tablet design can present a large surface to view virtual visual aids It can be used to implement any of the possible three forms mentioned above Whenever the user needs to see where to do they can simply lift up the tablet which will automatically display visual clues about which way to face and overlay line and arrows about where to travel directly over what they are seeing Designing for a tablet that is built around one of the popular development packages the navigation aid application could be scaled to work with smaller devices such as smart phones The attachment of visual goggles to the tablet that display the same images seen on the tabl
45. 3 2 Other Considered Microcontrollers 3 3 2 1 Parallax Propeller The Propeller chip by Parallax was another microcontroller we considered There are 8 cogs or processors that can operate simultaneously This operation can be either independent from each other or work cooperatively A central hub is where all 8 pg these cogs share their resources Both high level spin or Propeller assembly can be used which can execute up to 160 MIPS or 20 MIPS each cog Below in Figure 3 3 2 1 1 are some of the packages the Propeller chip comes in On the very left we have DIP though hole Gull wing solder ball surface mount and a zoomed in version of the bat wing Figure 3 3 2 1 1 Parallax Propeller Chip Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 3 3 2 2 MSP430 The MSP 430 is a low cost low power nb qu iEn microcontroller with a 16 bit CPU from Texas Instruments The price however is the most attractive for our project At only 4 30 with shipping included Although this microcontroller is the most cost effective we did not choose this board because of its IDE E E or integrated development environment The OE chip can be difficult to program and with the ase gt lt SPESE selection on the market today there were better chooses for our project 23 o 3 Texas 20 p To the right in Figure 3 3 2 2 1 is the MSP 3 P 430 It is very
46. 412010 windows phone 8 sdk review 36 37 133 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 38 From Britannica Customer Service customerservice eb com Sent Monday December 03 2012 4 53 PM To zulkafil knights ucf edu Subject Re Britannica com Customer Inquiry Form KMM5867015COKM Dear Zulkafil Ahamed Thank you very much for your inquiry concerning the use of Encyclopaedia Britannica content Encyclopaedia Britannica s copyright and permissions policy is described in detail in our Terms of Use statement which can be found at the following Web address http corporate britannica com termsofuse html The Terms of Use statement should answer your question regarding your responsibilities and ability to use our content If you have any other questions please feel free to contact us again at your convenience We appreciate your interest in Britannica products and services Sincerely Rob Britannica Customer Service 134
47. Graphical Layout Editor Essentially it is a powerful and affordable circuit board editor perfect for students to make custom PCB designs and that s exactly how the hardware team will make the custom PCB design The Professional version called Eagle Professional is available through UCF This version of Eagle allows up to 999 schematic sheets up to 16 signal layers in design and can be 4m by 4m routing area This is more than enough to fit the specification for the microcontroller and sensors 66 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 3 4 4 Powering the Custom Board To power the board we used a portable power supply Lithium batteries are perfect for this project they are light in weight compact and pack a lot of power An external charging unit is used to safely recharge the batteries These batteries also power the PandaBoard ES as well as the Panda Expansion Board 3 4 5 Power Supply Parameter The 1010 has two on board voltage regulators e switching regulator that can take 5V 15V input and outputs up to 1 5A of stable 5V A linear regulator that feeds off the 5V line and outputs up to 800mA of stable 3 3V 5V is used for charging the Android device as well as powering any 5V peripherals we might have in future development It is available on any of the three pins marked 5V Android devices can draw up to 500mA of current when charging leaving about 1A for external devices The switching regulator is v
48. How much do the parts cost and can we get those parts can be a big factor if we can get this board made Routing the signals Next is routing the connections Can the parts connect or do we need to adjust the layout These are all considerations we have to take into account We can use the Auto router in Eagle to automatically route our signals or we a manually route it There are some cases where we would need to do both to make a functional design Vias will be added automatically as needed through the Eagle routing software Checking the Board After we finish the physical layout we need to make sure everything is connected correctly Are there any overlaps There are also a minimum distance and need not to violate it Eagle also has an Error command to make it easily to find errors Editing the board Because you can always edit your design modifying it is easy Any mistakes made during designing our PCB can be changed Moving or rotating components to make them fit the board Processing Producing CAM data The CAM data is the data create by Eagle after you finish your design This data is need to manufacture our PCB Drill station photoplotters postscript machines and pen plotters all use the CAM data 21 93 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 5 1 1 2 Prototyping Before we design and manufacture our custom PCB we need to prototype and test it That will be for the prototyping step We have done all the r
49. IO either from 5V 15V input on the VIN line or from 5V directly on the 5V line We have to cautious to avoid accidental contact between the power lines and other pins conductors e Not all of the IOIO pins 5V tolerant Some of them can only tolerate up to 3 3V We should input 5V to the IOIO only on those pins marked with a circle on the back side of the board If we need 5V output we can also choose one of those pins connect a pull up resistor 10K 47K from the pin to the 5V line and use it in open drain mode Legend A D pin can be used as analog input 2C pin can be used as 12 DAx data pin if 2C module number x CLx clock pin module number x e PPSi can be used as input for remappable peripherals input capture UART SPI e PPSo pin can be used as output for remappable peripherals UART SPI comparator output e 5V pin is tolerant can be used as input or output in open drain mode e Comp can be used as comparator input number as specified e Prog pin can be used for ICSP use Vpp and either C1 D1 C2 D2 or C3 D3 which are clock and data respectively 99 M 3 ae e Do p Figure 4 1 1 1 1 IOIO connection board Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 70 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 4 1 1 2 Analog and Digital I O Each of the IOIO pins can function as a digital input or a digital output dep
50. P085 uController 1010 Control Unit interface Sensor element PandaBoard ES Figure 4 1 5 2 Typical BMP085 Circuit Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 80 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 4 1 6 Camera Sensor The PandaBoard 5MP Camera Sensor is a 1 3 2 5 megapixel camera sensor from OmniVision It is designed for digital still camera DSC quality imaging in mobile phones PandaBoard 5MP Camera Sensor is able to provide high frame rate 720p HD video at 60 frames per second with complete user control over formatting and output data transfer Followings are some specifications Active array size 2592 x 1944 Output format 8 10 bit raw RBG data Lens size 1 3 2 e Sensitivity 1300 mV lux sec The PandaBoard does not support the camera sensor directly So we need to use PandaBoard Camera Adaptor The Pandaboard Camera Adapter is designed to provides camera capability for the Pandaboard This adapter comes with a 30 pin connector that can be soldered to camera expansion J17 on Pandaboard 4 1 7 Status LED s We included a status RGB LED in our custom designed circuit for indicating different status of different components such as when the tablet is moving the Accelerometer MPU 6050 will start changing values on a pin same way when the position changing the GPS sensor GPS 00177 will start changing position values according to the signal that will be received from the
51. Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 April 29 2013 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 e woo unppeds uoissiuued pajulday 0909 amp v anba 5 jou gre es nq ziaqunw iuaun2og esuse2 1 e4 n ejeus suo TTA 1no4qe2s48 221111 SUAS gLLa 2 10 254 Aq OND pei22uubo ndur mjrbrp 24 14 eet 12512 203 ONS peissuuoj euondg 5 anu amp 9 g sseJjppu nor 2 QO4 upd sse4ppu 116490 Utd ua peunuiayep 2 ap 857 241 zr 77 paj2a ua3 aq zQxQgo ndi ONL ONS T acoe ndd DZI 224 220 59 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 3 3 3 5 Global Positioning System GPS The global positioning system or GPS is the bread and butter for our application This sensor will tell us our tablet s location with exact coordinates This handy little sensor can figure out where it is from almost anywhere on Earth and with a good map it is virtually impossible to get lost This is possible through the use of 35 satellites
52. Venus638FLPx 20Hz update rate 29 second cold start 1 second hot start 2 5meter accuracy Work with active passive antenna Supports SPI data logging Single 2 7 3 3v power supply Dimension 10m x 10mm x 1 3mm size Below See Figure 3 3 3 5 2 is our GPS antenna VTGPSIA 3 The unit of measurement is in millimeters The antenna needs to point towards the sky to get the best readings Its performance both indoors and outdoors will effect the overall performance of the software navigation 18 Ceramic Cable PCB Rad Q 25 adome Figure 3 3 3 5 2 VTGPSIA 3 GPS Antenna Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 61 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 uoissiuued VISdDLA S 4 T T neeus ZTOZ VZ T 1 0 JUNO E vedo uysnap 551 gc es hq sasua3 1 5a0 suouuo20 1 0042 nae 148qunwN iuaunaog esue r exiw es eus Suowwo e pese4 eu sapun Ani snua awado oi iyan 12 aq o Te Sd9 nun S3unoss BES Shuan 310N jddns 20 dnaoeq eljqeboeu2a uou ueun f 1290202510 ONS ONS haamieq dessed ys draneq dnaoeq ZTEBT Ltd 97242975 re OU 40 pai2euuo23 EFS area jc e leuondo 20
53. a common anode configuration Use this one LED for three status indicators or pulse width modulate all three and get mixed colors 14 Some possible color combination are given below Color Hex Code Active Components White Gyroscope Blue 0000FF Red FF0000 Accelerometer Green 00FF00 Gray 808080 GPS sensor Yellow FFFFOO Orange FFA500 Barometer Violet EE82EE Simple breakout board also available which are given below lv Typical Red 81mcd e Green 130mcd Blue 54mcd Vf Typical e Red 2 0V Green 3 5V Blue 3 5V Wavelength AD nm e Red 615nm Green 530nm e Blue 470nm Figure 4 1 7 2 1 LED Size Feature Reprinted with permission from e Package in 8mm tape diameter reel Sparkfun com 3 e Compatible with many equipment e Compatible with infrared and vapor phase reflow solder process 82 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 e Full color type 4 1 8 Power Supply The power supply of the Augmented Reality system contains two parts as usual for flexibility and portability e Rechargeable Li on Battery pack e Charging unit 4 1 8 1 Rechargeable Li on Battery 2200mAh 7 4V Description This high discharge LiPo is a great way to power any R C robotic or portable project This is an excellent choice for anything that requires a small battery with a lot of punch The voltage is low enough not to tax your regulating circuit
54. ade from a normal glass panel that is coated with three layers Two of these layers are conductive and resistive and the third layer is a hard cover that covers the hold setup For resistive touch screens current flows through these layers when the system is running With a touch of a finger a change in the electrical field occurs This is a single touch system The system then calculates the coordinates of the point of contact and the touch screen drivers passes it to the rest of the system The capacitive touch screen on the other hand is capable of multi touch The glass panel is made up of a material that can store an electrical charge The human finger also stores an electrical charge When a finger touches a capacitive touch screen some of the charge transfers from the screen to the finger The oscillator circuit within the circuitry of the screen detects the change in electrical charge and the exact location of where the touch occurred This data is then transfer to the touch screen driver for processing After we understand how both touch screens functioned we needed to see which screen fit our project needs The first and most apparent feature was the multi touch on the capacitive touch Because our application may use multi touch we wanted our LCD to be able to grow with the software needs Next is the fast response of the capacitive Like most smart phones the touch needs to be very responsive and fast pace The capacitive touch was the
55. and while the expansion board connects a touch screen to the board 114 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 The development and expansion boards do not have all of the hardware necessary to the project however Particularly in the area of the onboard sensors that were needed to make the software application work whole host of sensors and a GPS communication chip needed to be added leading to the design and construction of a circuit board that was connected via the USB port on the computer The design and construction of this board involved several phases with the first being the choosing of sensors and the GPS communication chip that went into the board The design team then needed to work out how to integrate them and communicate with them via the main development board After that designs had to be drawn up and ready for inclusion in the first design report due at the end of the Fall 2012 Semester For the Spring 2013 Semester the board needed to be manufactured as quickly as possible so that testing and verification could begin Like any design project there was a need for a lengthy period of testing tweaking and rebuilding of the board in order to iron out several issues arose during development There were also a number of other hardware projects that needed to be accomplished such as the design of the housing which encloses all of the internal computational components and the integration of the battery tha
56. ardware options For example a mobile operating system such as Android has countless devices manufactured by Samsung Motorola HTC etc Each of these devices features different screen resolutions processors cameras and peripheral connectors all of which has to be taken into account when the development of an application is considered Device Emulators allow someone to test across all of these with the click of a button The sections below will describe the device emulators each platform s SDK features 3 1 1 3 1 Android Android s device emulator See Figure 3 1 1 3 1 1 remains unpolished like the rest of the available SDK It does not have features such as the on screen keyboard and physical device like navigation like its competitors do Apple and Microsoft The illustration shown is an example of the Androids device On Google s defense it has a very wide range of devices to support unlike Apple or Microsoft which have a very limited selection of handset devices Another consideration would be the manufacturers personalized UI builds which can also have an effect on the appearance of an application s layout Although Google s emulator seems to lag behind in its polish and realistic navigation it is fully functional and perfectly useable Finally the speed of the emulator is a bit slower than that of its competitors This isn t a deal breaker but it is something to consider 26 e pn m m rnm dS 2 x e vl
57. are development kits and it has proven to be successful in luring customers to their platform because of a more accessory rich environment 3 1 3 1 Android Google s Android unlike Apple does not need a certification to develop hardware There is no approval process and in turn no wait time to begin development Google supplies an Accessory Development Kit or ADK on their website for anyone looking to get into developing hardware for their platform The Accessory Development Kit is for anyone and is a reference implementation starting point for building accessories for Android An accessory includes speaker docks credit card scanners or anything else that can interface with a handset running android These accessories use AOA or Android open accessory protocol in order to communicate between a handset and the piece of hardware this includes wired connections such as USB or wireless connections such as Bluetooth 29 The latest version of Android s ADK is based on the Arduino open source electronics prototyping platform with some modifications that help it integrate with Android devices With the purchase of an Android Development Kit comes a hack able Arduino box that contains every sensor imaginable It can be used to find the right combination of hardware for a developer s specific purpose to then be built and put into production There is currently no certification program for new Android hardware which means that customers can t ex
58. as SDK features goes This is also an area that Project AUGI is especially concerned about due to our limited budget and the magnitude of the cost of a new computer using a supported operating system Platform describes the operating system that developers are allowed to build the software on Tools for an SDK include Integrated Development Environments IDE s that are platform dependent An Integrated Development Environment is a piece of software that offers a large set of tools for programmers to assist in software development An IDE normally consists of a source code editor build automation tools and a debugger A platform can also be replaced by a virtual machine which can run the operating system with another operating system Utilizing this virtual machine software can solve the problem but more time and money must be spent in buying new licenses and configuring some virtual machine specific settings Such as Hyper V for Windows Phone 8 which is required to run their device emulator 3 1 1 2 1 Android Google has allowed software developers to choose between virtually any desktop operating system of their choice which includes Apples OS X Microsoft s Windows or Linux This opens up a wide range of IDE s to choose from and allows our group to develop across different desktop platforms which becomes a problem when a tight budget is involved This is a positive for project AUGI because of this versatility no funds will have to be waste
59. as low as possible to make it more cost effective for us The GPS should still find a fix signal within minutes of powering Antennas The antenna is very important to the GPS It is designed to pick up the GPS L1 frequency of 1 57542 GHz Furthermore it is essential that we place the antennas pointing into the sky to get the best reading We will pick a simple GPS 60 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 antenna that does not require additional amplification and filtering that other GPS antenna technologies require chip helical Accuracy If you have used a GPS for traveling you know that it might not be exactly where you are This is where accuracy comes into play but the more accurate the GPS usually the more expensive it becomes GPS can have an accuracy of 100meter which is pretty amazing For this project however that may not enough If possible we need one that can get down to 3meter Above See Figure 3 3 3 5 1 is the Venus 638FLPx breakout with SMA connector This small yet powerful GPS module outputs standard NMEA 0183 at 9600bps It updates at a rate of 20Hz which fits our project needs One of the main reasons we choose this chip because it comes with a breakout board and an SMA connector This allows for easy connection to the antenna Not only will this speed up the prototyping process but this would make testing and debugging our circuit much more efficient 9 Below are some of the features on
60. ate synchronous dynamic random access memory The chip uses an Advanced RISC Machine ARM architecture and uses 45 nm technology 1 This type of CPU design ARM is the most widely used in portable devices such as the Iphone and other smart phones The 4460 is designed to provide best in class video graphics and image processing for various applications The PandaBoard ES has an intergrated SGX540 graphics processor and can output 1080p through HDMI and DVI output ports See Figure 3 2 11 This graphics processor will also support OpenGL ES OpenVG and other graphic base 25 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 programs Usually an internal clock in the battery allows devices to keep time The PandaBoard ES however does not have a battery to save the time when the power is disconnected Instead there is a software clock that can set the clock time during the bootup as the PandaBoard ES starts up The low power design of this board will prove ideal when the design team attaches a battery to make the platform mobile See Figure 3 2 12 1 3 2 1 4 Operating Temperature of OMAP4460 We are using the OMAP4460 1 2 Ghz processor in our system For reliability and operability concerns the absolute maximum junction temperature of the 4460 has to be below 125 C and the maximum average junction temperature has to be below 110 C Depending on the thermal mechanical design Smartphone Tablet Personal Navigatio
61. ated in Section 8 3 above STTC has agreed to sponsor this design project and made available 2 000 for parts and construction of tablet and navigation application The money was spent in three phases The first phase was in the Fall 2012 semester with the purchase of a development board that was used as the basis for the future tablet This allowed the design team to experiment and test the performance characteristics of the base line computer and thus get a clearer picture of what needed to be designed in order to meet the project goals 121 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 The second phase took place at the beginning of the Spring 2013 semester when parts for the expansion board were purchased for the first version of the board This allowed for the construction of the expansion board based on the designs developed in the Fall 2012 semester After a thorough testing was carried out it was expected that revisions to the hardware design needed to be made The third phase was carried out which involved purchasing any new parts and paying for any new manufacturing that was needed to correct a few bugs with the previous hardware design By dividing up the money in this fashion that team was able to have the flexibility needed to deal with any unforeseen occurrences in the design Which did occur at the last moment which the custom board was accidentally shorted necessitating the manufacture of another board Based on this
62. atform to stay relevant Problems can arise when complex programs are rewritten on another platform due to different API calls and system references Along with API differences comes the hardware variations associated with respective devices running their mobile platforms With different hardware also come more compatibility issues For these reasons porting an application has become less trivial than the past There are many outsourcing availabilities out there in the wild providing platform to platform conversions one of the most popular being a firm called Two Toasters 3 1 2 1 Android Many Android developers nowadays are seeing how beneficial developing an application for one of the most popular mobile platforms in the world can be and would like to expand their audience Google has done a lot of the work for Android developers and created a porting tool to assist in the porting from Android to iOS devices this includes iPhones iPod Touches and iPads The program is called J2OBJC and is basically a Java to Objective C translator J2OBJC achieves this by converting Java classes to Objective C classes by directly using the iOS Foundation Framework GUI related elements are not supported but the core functionality Java source code is J2OBJC supports the complete Java 6 language and most of its runtime features that are required by client side application developers and include exceptions inner and anonymous classes generic types thr
63. cases where the input to measure is outside of this range a simple resistor ladder we can use to scale down the voltage while in other cases an amplifier circuit will be needed At the time of writing this the answers to these questions seem a little bit over long for this guide Internally as soon as we open an analog input the starts sampling the voltage at even intervals and sends these samples to the Android device When reading them we have a choice on whether to read the most recent value captured or to read them on a sample by sample basis The analog pins are marked on the back side of the board by squares surrounding the pins 72 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 c wo OWSLOdHItL eu UNI T amp uoissiuued 25 0101 LP L e1nDrJ Z3u snen gsm C9U EBN2 0 9t F9N2 G 905 8N2 TZdt U0N1T2 Z08 6N2 97dt 2N1T3 1089 6 TdH ONI 72 108 27 dt 2N1723 CTOU ECN2 DECT271280 ETW TK2 UNIE2 1280S 2 26198 2 162 271 14728 02805 GT28 77N2 09 12 0280 135n 8NV 1036d TBt EN2 Tdty dIt 1N4 1239d 0INN ENIZI ZNY 8t3 G amp N2 01d n wNIZ2 ENS tGti 9N2 82d0 N30857 8NIT2 PNY ED IS GRR NOSDnen WNTT2 GNe E 239d 989t vCN2 9dt 9Nu 2239d 87029 28 2987 INV ZO3Od
64. ch board to use we first created a list of requirements our project needs Unlike typical microcontrollers which often have under 100 KB of RAM we needed a system on chip that had a processor powerful enough to run an operating system like Window or Linux preferably any ARM Cortex A8 or later In our case it is the Android Operating system We also wanted our microcontroller to be as open source as possible At first we looked into the Raspberry Pi When we compared it with the features of the Beagle Board or Panda Board it seemed to lack many of the features we 22 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 needed Therefore the Raspberry Pi was out of the picture Next we looked into the Beagle Board The Beagle board was very open source and could run the Android OS It had sample codes and step by step tutorials over the internet We then looked into the Panda board The big difference between the Beagle board and the Panda board is that the Panda Board had most of the hardware a smart phone would have like audio jack camera expansion and SD slot Our project is to create an augmented reality via an android app If our development board has all the features a smart phone has it would be possible to use the software not only on our device but on any android devices The Panda board is also very open source so at the end we decided that this microcontroller was our best bet There are two kinds of Panda board The Panda Board and T
65. clear winner in this department as well It also had a nice glossy finish and was much more visible over sunlight And because this device is intended for outdoor use this was a major deciding factor Overall the capacitive touch came out to be the better screen for our project Thus we picked the capacitive for this project Figure 3 2 1 6 1 Expansion Board LCD in Action 45 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Below in Figure 3 2 1 6 2 is a list of pros and cons for both resistive touch and capacitive touch screens Resistive Touch Capacitive Touch PROS of Resistive Touch Its relatively cheaper compared with capacitive touch Can function with any pointing device PROS of Capacitive Touch Supports Multi touch Visible under sunlight Glossy look and feel pen nail etc More sensitive to finger touch Can operate at any level of humidity easier to use More accurate than capacitive touch More responsive CONS of Resistive Touch CONS of Capacitive Touch Multi touch is not available 596 humidity to achieve capacitive Reflective layer cause poor visibility in effect sunlight More expensive than resistive touch More vulnerable to scratches screen More vulnerable to unwanted pointing Does not work with inanimate device dust objects Figure 3 2 1 6 2 Touch Screen Type Comparison 3 2 2 Output Screen Options The design team has given careful consideration to the output scree
66. compact and cost effective einen LaunchPad Vm u This is easily the cheapest microcontroller Figure 3 3 2 2 1 MSP430 we found and packs some serious features Reprinted with permission from Some of the features include Sparkfun com 3 Comparator 51 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Digital to analog convertors Op Amps Sigma Delta Timers 3 3 2 3 Arduino The Arduino is hands down the most popular microcontroller today for hobbyist and senior design students The board has an Atmel processor with on board input and output pins The Atmel AVR processor has a preprogram boot loader that uses Wiring based a language similar to This microcontroller is easily the most documented and one can easily find sample code to start on almost any project See Figure 3 3 2 3 1 Figure 3 3 2 3 1 Arduino Microcontroller Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 3 3 2 4 PSoC The PSoC by Cypress Semiconductor is another microcontroller we considered It is a programmable System on chip that includes a CPU and a mixed array of configurable integrated analog and digital peripherals What is unique about this chip is it has an array of embedded hardware within the chip itself No longer do you need an external DAC or ACD It is already built into the chip Another nice feature about PSoC is its IDE which includes an easy to use graphical design editor which makes programming hardware a breeze
67. d accurate This fact puts it in direct comparison with the iOS simulator by Apple except for the fact that Microsoft took it a step further and added the extra emulator functionality to give it the correctly emulated processor speed memory support and storage availability Options like changing color accents and adding email and administrative accounts are also available in the emulated window 3 1 1 3 4 Winner The winner of this Software Development Kit Emulator round will have to be Windows Phone 8 s Emulator With its highly polished and true to life emulation Microsoft has done their homework when it comes to making an emulator that developers want to work on Although there is the added hassle of setting up the virtual machine to Hyper V s liking for this project we will not be using any servers to simulate the Windows environment requirement iOS was in a close second but due to our application being very hardware intensive a simulated environment that utilizes hardware far beyond the physical devices just won t cut it Android s emulator is great if a developer is looking for purely functionality but just cannot compete with Microsoft s polish and equaled functionality 3 1 1 4 Programming Language Options Another aspect when considering which OS platform to choose as the foundation for our project is considering which programming languages are usable for each For Apple s iOS platform this means using Objective C Objective C is
68. d by DRMS will be within limit of 95 percent to 98 percent Two plots are shown below Figures 6 1 8 1 2 Figures 6 1 8 1 3 each has been created using 24 hours of data taken at 20 second intervals in the south western USA GPS Corrected with WAAS 24 hrs CEP 50 0 36m 20RMS 28 0 85 Delta Y meters 15 Delta X meters Figure 6 1 8 1 2 GPS Accuracy Correction Technique WAAS Reprinted with permission Britannica com 38 112 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Autonomous GPS 24 hrs CEP 50 1 67m 2DRMS 98 406m Delta Y meters Delta X meters Figure 6 1 8 1 3 GPS Accuracy Correction Technique Autonomous Reprinted with permission Britannica com 38 Satellite GPS Sensor Figure 6 1 8 1 4 Direct and reflected signal from same satellite Reprinted with permission Britannica com 38 113 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Sources of error could be Troposphere causes some signal delay lonosphere causes some signal delay e GPS satellite position inaccuracy or Orbital inaccuracy e SNR or Signal to noise ratio 6 1 8 2 Ideal Conditions We decided ideal conditions for GPS sensor to be a clear view of the sky with no visible interruption from within 5 degrees We expected the path of the satellite signal to be in clear view without any kind of visible interruption The interruption could be any building trees tower or any large
69. d on the development portion of the project Although the use of virtually any Java 12 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 development IDE is possible Eclipse seems to be the IDE of choice for one big reason Google s SDK has only been fully integrated on Eclipse 26 3 1 1 2 2 iOS Apple has made the decision to only allow developers to build IOS applications on computers running their desktop operating system OSX in other words a Macintosh This restriction was crucial in making our decision in picking our mobile platform Due to this fact a limited number of IDE s are available for use XCode is arguably the only useable IDE for developers to use and because of this also limits options dramatically There are other IDE s available when programming in Objective C but XCode seems to be the fan favorite 34 3 1 1 2 3 Windows Phone Microsoft s Windows Phone 8 SDK includes Visual Studio 2012 Express as its main IDE Visual Studio can only be installed and run on a machine running Windows operating system on it Mac OSX and Linux are not yet supported Visual Studio supports development in Windows Phone s main programming language which is C There are other development environments to choose from when programming in C such as Monodevelop Monodevelop is supported across Windows OSX and Linux Although there are some other alternatives to Visual Studio the programming community is in agreement that Visual Studio E
70. droid IOS and Windows Phone An SDK can also pertain to software framework hardware platform computer system or video game console In our situation we will be considering the mobile operating system with the most comprehensive SDK for our particular needs 29 An SDK often comes in the form of a downloadable file that can be interfaced with an Integrated Development Environment or IDE See IDE Section for more details Within the IDE the SDK can help by providing tools such as interface creation sample code and device emulators to jump start the learning process for a new platform and assist in a speedy development cycle These SDK s are provided by the operating system s owners such are Google or Apple to give incentives to third party application programmers to develop on their mobile platform 26 In this section we picked out the three main areas that pertain to Project AUGI the most These three areas are Interface Creation Editing Platform and Tools and Device Emulators and Simulators Because our group is new to mobile application development initial requirements are that the setup of the appropriate IDE API and SDK be simple and straightforward creating trivial things like the user interface be simple and almost done for us so there is more time to work on core components and functionality and all of our current machines be compatible with the respective SDK due to budget limitations 26 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT
71. e Figure 3 1 1 3 1 1 Android Device Emulator Google Open Instruction Image 14 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 3 1 1 3 2 105 Apple s iOS continues to be the most polished SDK around offering the fastest and most realistic virtual device interface See 3 1 1 3 2 1 Apple s simulator also features completely functional keyboard that behaves exactly like the one on their physical phones Navigation is also realistic in the sense that it behaves just like its physical look alike Swiping gestures on the physical devices is mimicked by clicking and dragging and applications are opened by I I amp I amp IQU RIAIR IST F RIAI clicking Another impressive feature Figure 3 1 1 3 2 1 Apple Device Emulator about iOS s device emulator is the Apple Open Instruction Image speed It is smooth and on par with its physical devices The only downside to the iOS simulator is that fact that it is a simulator itself This can be a downside because when testing the performance of an application you won t get a real world estimate of how well the application will perform on an actual device This is also noticeable when keeping track of memory consumption and available disk space Upon viewing the system specs of a simulated iPhone within the simulator the development computer s specs will appear rather than the specs of the phone in question 34 3 1 1 3 3 Windows Phone Windows
72. e final product due to the fact that the Landmarks Layer will be unlike any of the built in layers available now Google s included layers work very closely with the Map View in the background to make sure the overlay is seamless and understandable Project AUGI will be taking the Landmarks Layer one step further and adding an unpredictable dynamic camera feed in the background overlaid with a continuously updating Landmarks Layer due to the gyroscopic orientation of the users device To call a layer within the MapFragment call the method setMap which passes the map object on which to display the layer 33 5 Project Construction 5 1 Hardware Construction 5 1 1 PCB Manufacturing 5 1 1 1 Building with Eagle Eagle stands for Easily Applicable Graphical Layout Editor Basically it is a powerful and affordable way to make custom PCB designs and that s exactly how we made our custom PCB design The Professional version called Eagle Professional is available to us through UCF This version of Eagle allows up to 999 schematic sheets up to 16 signal layers in design and can be 4m by 4m routing area This is more than enough to fit our microcontroller and sensors 21 Drawing the Schematic The first step into designing our PCB is drawing out the schematic We knew all the parts necessary for all of our hardware Because most of our sensors we picked are breakout boards from Sparkfun or prebuilt PCB we combined their design into ou
73. e link goes to a summary of the creative commons license http creativecommons org licenses by nc sa 3 0 for the boards which 3 basically says that you may share copy distribute transmit the work As long as you cite where you got the datasheet schematic images from or who created the circuit if it says on the schematic you can use it and do not need our permission Maybe when you get to the part of the license where you start selling the components to make money for commercials purposes then you would need our permission Other than that you re good Good luck on your project and happy hacking 130 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 From zulkafil Sent Saturday December 01 2012 8 43 PM To info v torch com Subject Asking copyright permission To whom it may concern I am a student at the University of Central Florida currently working on a engineering design group of four people as part of a course Senior Design requirement We would like to ask if it is ok to use some figures and data of GPS internal Antenna Model VTGPSIA 3 since we are using them in our 4 design According to school rules we need permission as well as we have to quote the source in our report Thanks in advance Sincerely Zulkafil Ahamed https www sparkfun com products 10530 6 https www sparkfun com products 9801 7 https www sparkfun com products 9269 8 https www s
74. e positive terminal from the battery goes into Vin of the IOIO board The negative terminal from the battery goes into the ground pin on the 1010 board When there is a connection and the board is supplied with the correct voltage the red power LED should light up One other method to power the IOIO board is the use of a surface mount JST connector Our prototype 1010 board actually has one of these connectors This makes connections much cleaner and robust Also users cannot connect the wrong terminals which can destroy the board 3 3 1 4 PandaBoard ES with 1010 connect The charges the PandaBoard ES with through the USB line Although the PandaBoard ES and the 1010 shares the same battery pack it still needs this 5V to let the PandaBoard ES know that a USB host is connected A trimmer pot on the can be turned on to control the amount of current going through the USB line This is achieved via a screwdriver and turning it clockwise The reason a trimmer pot is used because devices connected to the board may not connect without the proper current Unfortunately these current amounts can vary from device to device Thus a trimmer pot can be used to adjust the current until the device detects a USB host connection peripheral i 9 U N c Figure 3 3 1 4 1 IOIO connection board Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 50 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 3
75. e testing the GPS module we gave attention to the following information that could effect the reliability performance Reliability Condition Temperature 40 5 Load DC 5V 0 5 V Quantity 2000pcs Sustained Time 480h Environmental Specifications Condition Post Environmental Tolerance Temperature range 25 3 C Relative Humidity range 55 75 RH Operating Temperature range 40 C 85 C Storage Temperature range 40 C 100 C Moisture Proof The device should satisfy the electrical characteristics specified above after exposed to the temperature 40 2 C and the relative humidity 90 95 RH for 96 hours and 1 2 hours recovery time under normal condition e Vibration Resist The device should satisfy the electrical characteristics specified above after applied to the vibration of 10 to 55Hz with amplitude of 1 5mm for 2 hours each in X Y and Z directions Drop Shock 107 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 The device should satisfy the electrical characteristics specified above after dropping onto the hard wooden board from the height of 30cm for 3 times each facet of the 3 dimensions of the device Which is a feature of the Module VTGPSIA 3 but we will skip High Temperature Endurance The device should satisfy the electrical characteristics specified above after exposed to temperature 80 5 Cfor 24 2 hours and 1 2 hours recovery time under normal temperature Low Temperature Endurance The device should also
76. eads and reflection Also the translation of JUnit test and execution is built in Also many IDE s such as Xcode and Make can take advantage of J2OBJC At the moment there is not one to one port tool available for Android to Windows Phone 8 Microsoft has released some tools to assist in the API translations between the two platforms Some of these tools include the formation of an Android to Windows Phone API mapping tool and a service called App Guy that scours the internet for porting questions regarding Windows Phone 8 and any porting issues developers may be having The bottom line is that the application will have to be rewritten in a Windows Phone 8 form factor 18 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 3 1 2 2 iOS iOS to Android porting is not as simple as Android to iOS and there is no porting automation available yet In fact Objective C cannot even be re compiled into Java for Android Besides that demotivating fact when trying to rewrite an iOS application for Android the immense size of device configurations becomes a problem Android devices come in different sizes pixel densities processor speeds Android versions etc In the event that an iOS application uses basic C code then there is a possibility that the code can be reused in Android For porting iOS to Windows Phone 8 a code rewrite is also necessary as there is no known porting option Microsoft has provided the same type of documentation that its
77. eatures Some of the services they provide are given below PCB Prototyping e PCB Fabrication Service Manufacturing the PCB to specified specifications PCB Assembly Service Soldering electronic components to the PCB Element14 are partner with many leading company in fabrication and assembly service with years of experience and lots of supports for end user We are listing bellow few of the company in different fields working with Element14 Few partners of Element14 PCB Fabrication Service Sunstone Circuits With 40 years of experience in manufacturing innovative and reliable PCB solutions Sunstone Circuits has a an on time delivery rate exceeding 9996 Pentalogix A provider of full range PCB fabrication services that range from single layer PCBs with a free DFM review to full service Mil Spec amp ITAR complaint boards PCB Assembly Service e PCB Assembly Express With state of the art assembly plants PCB Assembly is able to handle all types of PCB assembly from basic thru hole PCB assembly to standard surface mount PCB assembly to ultra fine pitch BGA assembly Screaming Circuits They will assemble virtually any component onto virtually any PC board Quickly putting parts onto small numbers of PC boards is their specialty Now we are listing some of the features from Element14 s partner that are very important feature for our PCB PCB Fabrication Features 95 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013
78. ed as a service in order to allow it to always run in the background even as other activities are running The Map and Navigation classes will poll IOIO Service for updated sensor data The IOIO Service starts by establishing a connection to the IOIO microcontroller over the USB port It then initializes the 2 UART ports to establish communication with the sensors Once communication with the sensors is established it proceeds to calibrate and initialize each of the sensors The service then creates a new Looper object which cycles through a loop in which each sensor is polled for new data The new data is in raw form however and requires a large amount of post processing in order to convert it to usable data The data sheets for each sensor were carefully studied in order to derive what needed to be done to the raw sensor data 88 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 4 2 2 Navigation Application Class The Navigation tool is going to be a tool UCF Students will use to get from classroom to classroom effectively and on time Many times students will be caught using the map keys beside sidewalks at UCF and Project AUGI hopes to eliminate these trips to the physical mapping keys Project AUGI s navigation tool is going to include a camera driven user interface and feature on screen routes to the students destination These routes will be configured the moment the student inputs a location within UCF The screen a
79. el for a useful amount of time Given the design group s limited manufacturing abilities a weight limit of no more than three pounds will be aimed for n accordance with this a screen size no larger than ten inches will be used but no smaller than seven inches in order to provide a comfortable user experience with the tablets interface Naturally the design will need to integrate a battery in order to make the device portable Power consumption and efficiency is not a design priority for this project so a modest three hour battery life is being aimed for in order to facilitate final design testing which will take place in real world environments Given that UCF s Institute for Simulation and Training have generously agreed to fund this project to the amount of 2 000 the final cost for parts and manufacturing must not exceed this amount If accomplished this would prove significant in and of itself that an augmented reality navigation tablet can be designed and built using standard off the shelf parts for 2 000 or less Project minimum Performance goals verses Real Tablet Products 252 Kindle Project iPad Mini Nexus 7 Surface RT Fire HD 7 Tablet Size di a 7 8x4 72x0 41 10 81 11x8 5x3 2 Weight 68 165 75 lbs 1 5 lbs 87 lbs 4 Screen 7 9 in 7 in 10 6 in 7 in 7 in Size 4490 mAh 4325 mAh 8200 mAh 4400 mAh 2200 mAh Processo TI OMAP TI OMAP r Apple A5 Tegra 3 Tegra 4460 4460 L
80. ending on the our sensor or device requirement we can have a choice in software as demonstrated below The on board stat LED is also considered a pin and can be controlled as a digital output 4 1 1 3 Digital Output When used as output in their default operation modes the pins represent the logical levels as following A logical LOW will cause the pin to force a voltage of OV ground on whatever is connected to it e A logical HIGH will cause the pin to force a voltage of 3 3V on whatever is connected to it Many digital electronics will accept this representation correctly reading the LOWs as LOWs and the HIGHs as HIGHs As an example LED connected between a digital output pin LED anode through a 220 resistor to ground will light when the pin state is high For some components an open drain operation is required In open drain mode the pins will represent the logical levels slightly differently Alogical LOW will cause the pin to force a voltage of OV ground on whatever is connected to it just like in normal mode e A logical HIGH will cause the pin to not force anything on whatever is connected to it as if it were physically disconnected 4 1 1 4 Digital Input When used as inputs the IOIO pins never force any voltage on whatever is connected to them but rather sense the voltage level and report their state accordingly When is detected the pin reads LOW e When 3 3V
81. erable to use an alternative power source Regardless of our source either a switching regulator or linear regulator is needed 24 Linear regulators Linear regulators are very popular and can be found almost every low power device They are fairly cheap and simple to implement however how do they compare with switching regulators The way linear regulators work is they take the difference of the input and output voltage and convert it into heat The larger the difference between the input voltage and output the more heat is generated and more energy is lost Therefore linear regulators are actually very inefficient with efficiencies about 4096 These not only drains the batteries it makes the device very hot 24 97 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Switching regulators Switching regulators like linear regulators maintain a steady voltage but are far more efficient Even with high input voltage switching regulators can handle loads over 200mA something linear regulators cannot do The way switching regulators work is that they take small amounts of energy at a time from the input source this results in efficiency around 85 or higher 5 1 2 Project Total Part List Component Part Part Number Barometric Pressure Sensor BMP085 Camera Sensor PB CAM5 01 Camera Adaptor PB CAME 01 Charger MCP73843 410 Inertial Measurement Unit MPU 6050 IOIO Board DEV 10748
82. ery efficient It should run fairly cool and thus does not waste a lot of energy When powering it from a high voltage source the current drawn from this source will decrease accordingly 3 3V is being used for powering the IOIO s MCU It draws about 30mA 40mA under normal operation leaving a little over 700mA for any external 3 3V peripherals It is available on any of the pins marked 3 3V It is very useful for connecting to potentiometers as the IOIO s analog inputs are 0 3 3V Never feed this line 3 3V It is to be used as output only 4 Project Hardware and Software Design Details 41 Hardware Design Schematics The Printed Circuit Board PCB designed for our tablet is based on the IOIO development board which is specially designed for the Android OS We used the IOIO board as a base or reference board for our design since we are choosing this development board to run all of our test and debugging procedures for our system We integrated all of the sensors such as the accelerometer gyroscope GPS barometer and lights or photo sensor with the IOIO board We used Pandaboard ES also in our system since we used the Android OS as our operating system integrated the camera sensor PB CAMO5 01 to the Pandaboard ES We used the Eagle software to design our custom circuit board which included all sensors such as gyroscope accelerometer barometer GPS 67 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 module Finally the team c
83. esearch bought all the parts now we need to put everything together and see if it really works This phase of our project is extremely important and we need to make sure the combination of hardware is a feasible task Prototyping Platform The Breadboard Figure 5 1 1 2 Prototyping Breadboard To construct a prototype we need Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 something all the components can stand on A breadboard is commonly used as a base for prototyping electronics What is great about breadboards is that is does not require you to make soldering connections This allows for a fast and convenient way to interchange parts and easy to isolate for debugging your circuits Breadboard can also be reused after you finish your prototyping Figure is the Breadboard Clear Self Adhesive from Sparkfun It has 2 power buses 30 columns and 10 rows That is a total of 400 tie in points Pins are standard 0 1 and two sets of five rows are spaced 0 3 apart This spacing allows for packages to fit on to the board Furthermore this board accepts wire size from 29 20 AWG 3 Breakout Boards Breakout Boards are very popular in the prototyping world It is pretty much what the name applies take a electrical component and all its wirings and breaks out each of the wiring terminals so that can easily accept a hook up wire from another component These break outs end up being on design PCB boards that primary open the
84. et would even allow the user to avoid having to hold the tablet with their hands freeing them for other uses The goggles implementation is probably the best design solution since it allows the users hands to remain free for task such as driving For soldiers it would also be the best implementation since they are already overburdened with equipment to carry and it can be integrated to the anti ballistic glasses they already wear Goggles are only a form of display however which can be plugged into any tablet device and about the data shown on the tablet screen The tablet still serves as the foundation device in this setup and thus the tablet will be the focus of design efforts for this project In the end transparent LCD panels proved to be unavailable and thus could not be used for this project The group also didn t want to dedicate budget resources to purchase 3D goggles and thus it was decided to implement the camera combined with a normal LCD panel Once the group decided on the size shape and nature of the tablet the augmented reality was implemented in a software application designed to run on the tablet design This application is able to combine all of the elements of traditional navigation applications such as a 2D map and step by step GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 navigation with 3D augmented reality that provides further visual information to the user This application has two main areas of focus
85. g the floor of a building accurately is much easier then highlighting a specific window The same less than five meter accuracy will be used Indoor navigation will be attempted though GPS accuracy decreases noticeably indoors and may not prove feasible for time allowance of this project However if indoor GPS navigation can be achieved reliably then indoor room to room navigation can be attempted The device must be able to tell what floor it is on when as it is moving through a building A barometric sensor will be needed for this purpose so the tablet must integrate one To support the software requirements the tablet must integrate the necessary sensors to feed the needed data to the application This includes the already mentioned barometric sensor for altitude detection but it must also be able to fully detect movement changes in orientation and acceleration This information will not only be needed to activate the application when the user brings up the tablet into their field of view but will also be needed to help in determining the users direction of travel and their current facing when standing still As such the tablet must contain a gyroscope accelerometer and compass This tablet must also be able to offer a level of computational performance sufficient for computing not only the necessary navigational data but also for generating the 3D imagery necessary for the augmented reality portion of the project graphics accele
86. have a difficult time identifying locations on a map because they have no idea what the target destination is supposed to look like GPS navigation can be very helpful in informing the user of their current location and direction of travel but it can t point out to the user what they are looking for or how it looks like Even turn by turn instructions can be of limited usefulness because the world we live in does not lend itself to fit cleanly in a 2D X Y space Anyone who has traveled in an urban environment especially one that is built up from an older city can understand the frustration of receiving an instruction to Turn Right and there be two or three right turn options because the intersection has five or six streets coming off it Perhaps the intersection it multilevel with one right turn passing under an elevated roadway that also has an off ramp to the right to get onto the elevated roadway These ambiguities can lead to lost time and frustration as the user is forced to guess what the correct path is and determine through process of elimination which one was correct Signs can be unreliable as well as they can be placed in hard to notice locations or be damaged or missing thus making it difficult to know if the user is at the correct cross street or at the specified landmark that designates their next turn to their destination GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 If a device could be designed and built that not onl
87. he Panda Board ES The ES version has the OMAP4460 1 2 Ghz vs the regular version which has OMAP4430 1 0 Ghz Not only was the ES faster but it also supports TiWi BLE has a sysboot control to control the boot order support AFML R and a hand full of other features Thus we picked the Panda board ES 3 2 1 2 Pandaboard ES The Pandaboard ES See Figure 3 2 1 2 1 Figure 3 2 1 2 2 is based on a system on chip SoC the OMAP4460 by Texas Instruments It is designed to be low power consumption cost effective single board computer for development OMAP4460 is a duel core A9 CPU with 384 MHz GPU and has 1 GiB of DDR2 SDRAM See Figure 3 2 1 The board is completely open sourced and is a community supported development platform The PandaBoard ES can run an array of operating systems such as Windows CE WinMobile Symbian OS Linux which includes any of the Android OS and Palm OS The Pandabord ES has additional expandability via onboard connectors throughout the board See Figure 3 2 7 It can output 1080p from either its HDMI or DVI ports It also comes with Wi Fi See Figure 3 2 8 Bluetooth LAN port See Figure 3 2 8 and much more 1 Listed below are the major components used on the PandaBoard OMAP4430 Processor See Figures 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 4 TWL6030 Phoenix Power Management Companion Device See Figure 3 2 5 TWL6040 Phoenix Audio Companion Device See Figure 3 2 6 POP Mobile LPDDR2 SDRAM Memor
88. he interface of the custom board will cease to update the sensor values If this situation occurs while in use IOIO Service button will restart the service that is running in the background polling the data and will fix the problem Be careful to not press this button twice quickly because it will shut the application down 8 11 Waypoint Cycle To find the next heading to a future waypoint select the Waypoint Cycle button This button will increment the current waypoint by one resulting in setting the next waypoint as the bearing s trajectory 8 12 Landmarks The Landmarks button retrieves data directly from the Navigation Activity Selecting this button will display a spinner of all of the landmarks that have been created in the Navigation Activity along with the system delivered landmarks for your convenience Just select a landmarks from the spinner and the Bearing for the three dimensional arrow will automatically update to the relevant waypoint to get to the selected destination The Bearing can be changed at any time using this Landmarks button To add more landmarks you must go back to the navigation activity and follow the instructions on creating a new landmark Student Union Library Harris Engineering Classroom 1 Health and Public Affairs Melican Hall Parking Lot C Stadium Figure 8 12 1 Landmarks 129 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 9 Bibliography From ChipSee 6 service chipsee com
89. hings such as minefield locations ambush sights and large numbers of hostiles Combining this application with automated visual processing could even allow the device to automatically created landmarks of interest on the map such as buildings that provide support to the enemy effort Although this capability is beyond the scope of this project the basic foundation for a whole host of supplementary applications begins with an application that provides live visual cues to the user directly displaying optimal paths to their destination over what they are seeing landmarks of interests and information about those landmarks with the added ability to custom add those landmarks 2 2 Project Solution Goals Keeping these target groups in mind the engineering team designed and built a portable tablet that will display augmented reality visuals via software application installed to the tablet onto what the user is seeing This can take several possible forms such as using the tablets built in camera to display video of what the user is seeing on the screen and then overlay a virtual image over it to show the user additional information Another method could be to make the tablets screen transparent so that the virtual images can be overlaid directly onto what 4 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 the user is seeing A final method would be to display the virtual images to special goggles that contain built in screens that can be
90. ight Light Light Light accelerometer accelerometer accelerometer Sensors accelerometer None gyro 4 Mes gyro compass compass P barometer Operating Android system iOS 6 Android 4 1 Windows 8 RT Forked Android 4 0 3 GPS YES YES NO NO YES Bluetooth YES YES YES YES YES Wifi YES YES YES YES YES Figure 2 3 1 Tablet Comparisons GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 In summation at a minimum this project will accomplished the construction of a tablet computer not weighing more than three pounds with a screen no larger than ten inches and a three hour battery life This tablet will power the new navigation application that will provide an augmented reality experience to users in order to aid them in navigating to desired destinations and in highlighting points of interest relevant to their needs These design goals should be considered a minimum goal Figure 2 3 1 above compares these modest design goals against shipping tablet products 3 Research Related to Software and Hardware Design 3 1 Software Resources Research Android vs iOS vs WP8 3 1 1 Software Development Kit A big decision when taking the leap into software development for mobile platforms is the SDK support the platform has to offer SDK stands for Software Development Kit and it is basically software development tools that allow for the creation of applications for a certain software package or operating systems An
91. ility When picking a new mobile platform to start developing hard for one question that hardware developers ask themselves is How easy will it be to integrate new hardware into the operating system There are some key differentiators when it comes to developing hardware for the big three players in the mobile handset 19 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 game There are also certifications involved when it comes to being eligible to receive their support when it comes to and integration This fact can slow down the development process because of the time it takes a big company like Apple to approve a project and give you access to their integration libraries 29 Project AUGI will need to communicate to a handset device via some sort of input port Input methods change because to the input support each device carries For example the standard protocol for a USB port will differ from the protocol on iPhones Lightning connector The design decision will ultimately be chosen and their reasons explained further in the documentation The sections below will explain the process it takes for each mobile platform to develop a piece of hardware Mobile platform s will often release hardware development kits to jump start and entice developers to start building hardware for their platforms so there is a richer and more option filled experience for the end user Companies such as Apple and Google have released their own hardw
92. indows programs and Windows Phone 8 35 3 1 1 4 4 Winner For this project the criteria for which of the three options listed above best suits the projects needs are familiarity with the programming language the openness of the development platform and its accessibility to custom hardware that we can build with Since Objective C is only available through Apple s Xcode which is further restricted to operating on Apple hardware it is unsuitable to the needs of this project Windows Phone 8 also falls through due to these same limitations The openness of the Android platform however and its use of Java which is a very widely used programming language meets the needs of the project perfectly The design team can build its custom hardware and install the Android OS onto it It can further develop the needed navigation aid application using the highly familiar and common Java programming language This further supports the choice of the Android OS as the software foundation for this project 17 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 3 1 2 Multiple Platform Cross Compatibility and Porting Requirements In this day and age where there are so many new mobile platforms and operating systems arising platform cross compatibility and porting requirements are becoming more and more relevant This is because software development companies now have to convert or port their application from its primary development platform to a new pl
93. initiated it will display the User Interface located in Figure 8 2 1 The Navigation Activity has a couple simple buttons Directions Satellite and Find Me These three buttons deliver the bulk of the functionality of the Navigation Activity with the exception of creating custom landmarks There are a couple miscellaneous features thrown into the application These features include a graphical compass and a heading indicator located in the top left hand corner of the screen This compass utilizes the tablets on board compass and is mostly used for the debugging of the customs board s compass The heading will calculate the Euler angle to North and basically acts as a custom compass from our custom board These two are always on the graphical user interface and are updating in real time 123 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 MainActivity 0 Lake 4 Recreational Area T BA 4 Lake d A o Li 4 ME em E E uM Memory a 2 N Ns TON e 2 Ox Directions eT T dh oed 2 4 j Google z 4 Figure 8 2 1 Navigation Activity 8 3 Custom Landmarks Custom landmarks are an essential part of the application and allow the user to create landmarks for anything they desire To create a custom landmark all the user has to do is press their finger anywhere on the map and hold their finger for
94. int B and the mapping display objects to view an on screen map 87 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 4 2 1 1 MAP Class A map as implemented by Google within their API is basically a behavior or a portion of user interface in an Activity Or single activity that a user can be doing at one time usually within a focused window that the user is working in This MAP activity polls the service for GPS and heading data in order to display to the user their current position When the user decides to add a custom landmark the activity will convert the touch screen coordinates into longitude and latitude coordinates This data for the landmark is then stored in a landmark list where all the other landmarks are stored When the user selects a destination a JSON request is sent to Google which will automatically calculate all of the waypoints along the path that the user needs to follow It will return the longitude and latitude of these waypoints which are stored in a waypoints list The user can then view the plotted path on the map or start the Augmented Navigation Activity to see the 3D pointer to the next waypoint 32 4 2 1 2 IOIO Service Class The Service handles all of the communication between the application and the sensors It constantly polls the sensors for new data provides post processing on that data and then makes it available to the other program activities This class was implement
95. ion to determine performance issues and programming bugs 5 Complete the final version of the application and 6 Test the final version of the application See Table 8 2 2 These milestones were largely achieved during the project 7 2 Project Development and Construction Timeline When working out a viable plan for this project there were a number of important ideas that needed to be kept in mind The first is that it cannot be underestimated how important and how long testing and bug fixing can take It is a common mistake to allocate only a small amount of time to this very vital process seemingly thinking that the initial version of the product will be in near perfect working order Given that this navigation aid project will involve both the design and construction of new hardware and creating an application from scratch the likely hood that there will be a lot of problems to work out is very high An extension of the idea mentioned above is that the project needs to ramp up as quickly as possible First the research and then construction work needs to operate at a high level from the very beginning A project of this scale will require 116 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 every bit of allocated time There is a tendency for projects to slowly ramp up then time passes quickly and before it is realized there is little time left This causes crunch in the last 1096 of a projects allocated time where there is an
96. ipated problems that may arise It will also allow the design team to possibly add extra features or refine the design to exceed the desired minimum performance metrics What follows below is a table laying out specific milestones and their expected completion date broken up in the Fall 2012 Semester and the Spring 2013 Semester 117 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Milestones Fall 2012 Completion Date 1 H Research of system components and choosing parts October 9 2012 2 H Complete design of expansion board November 15 2012 3 H Complete design of communication of protocols November 15 2012 4 H Research of battery components October 9 2012 5 H Complete design of the battery pack November 15 2012 6 H Design the housing for all internal components November 15 2012 1 5 Research of Google Maps October 9 2012 2 5 Research of program class structure October 9 2012 3 5 Complete high level class design UML November 15 2012 Turn in 120 Page Research and Design Report December 6 2012 Table 8 2 1 Milestones Fall 2012 Milestones Spring 2013 Completion Date 1 H Complete initial hardware construction January 30 2012 2 H Complete test initial hardware version February 7 2012 Complete construction of revised hardware March 30 2013 design 4 H Completion of testing revised hardware design April 7 2013 1 5
97. is required Bonus Features There are a handful of additional features that an accelerometer can come with These include but not limit to tap sensing G force detection sleep function and measurement range For our tablet we would like to have as many functions as possible at a reasonable cost The picture above See Figure 3 3 3 3 1 shows the 84520 3 axis accelerometer breakout It has 12 bit and 8 bit resolution output I2C interface dynamically selectable full scales 24 44 89 and a current consumption of 165uA This chip has an array of features and sells for 9 95 on Sparkfun We did not however choose this as our tilt sensor for our final design 56 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 3 3 3 4 Inertial Measurement Unit IMU After long consideration on which gyroscope or accelerometer would be best for our tablet we decided on an Inertial Measurement Unit as the best alternative Both the gyroscope and accelerometer are great sensors however they do not always give enough information to accurately calculate orientation position and velocity We wanted our device to be as precise as possible The inertial measurement unit or IMU is a combination of the two sensors which provides 2 to 6 degrees of freedom Although IMU s are much more expensive then Figure 3 3 3 4 1 IMU MPU 6050 gyroscopes or accelerometers as Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 they are able to calculate
98. is sold separately This would support data and voice which include WCDMA and GPS We will not be using the wireless capabilities from this board nor will we use the three axis digital accelerometer or three axis digital compass The main purpose for the Panda Expansion board is to use the 7 inch LCD screen with its capacitive touch and the plastic mount that holds the expansion circuitry We will also use the five user keys buttons we mide BPO Faure 1 Cagect er emo Ti S punon View figure amp Capacitive Touch vervon 5 Bottom View Figure 3 2 1 5 1 Top and Bottom of Panda Board ES Reprinted with Permission from Parallax 2 39 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 c uoissiuueag oneuieuos 0266 WIS Z S L Z anpa 40 2 uoissiuueg pejuudeu 10 99UUOD pJeog uoisuedx3 2 6 1 2 2 Wad 0H Ici cH ru sa gu A 0D 98998888 8 8983 55 3 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 qq 86666666 i 289888 41 April 29 2013 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 c uoissiuueg pejuudeg sseduio pueog uoisuedx3 lt gt
99. ld need to be devised since the user no longer has a touch screen to manipulate the tablet For soldiers in the field this is by far the best option Soldiers often have very heavy loads to carry as it is and their hands are already busy handling their weapons and equipment By using the goggles they can be integrated into the ballistic glasses that soldiers already wear on the battlefield With this key target audience in mind the design team will first focus on building the tablet with a normal LCD screen and if there is sufficient time and resources attempt to add the goggles feature via the video out port of the panda board 3 3 Custom Expansion Board 3 3 1 Secondary Microcontroller The PandaBoard ES our primary microcontroller runs the augmented reality application while a second microcontroller processes all the data from our sensors This secondary microcontroller will then send the data via USB to the PandaBoard ES This way it will free up the PandaBoard ES and let it focus on the application There are many different microcontrollers on the market today and finding the best one to fit our project was not easy 47 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 3 3 1 1 IOIO Board The IOIO board Called yo yo is the microcontroller of choice for our secondary microcontroller The main reason we chose this particular board is because it is designed specifically to work with the Android operating system Also
100. lity to the base GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 hardware providing a battery power supply to make the system portable The computer engineers will focus on the software aspects of this project including application development and integration into the OS environment and setting up any low level communication between the hardware in the expansion board and the hardware in the base device They will also ensure proper OS to hardware operation 2 Project Description 2 1 Project Motivation and Goals Navigation applications have often required that the user be able to understand and interpret a 2D map understand their location on a map and be able to identify significant landmarks identified on the map such as cross streets buildings or terrain Even after the user has accomplished this task assistance provided by the application to inform the user of where they need to go next on the path to their destination have also been limited to a line on a 2D map or verbal step by step instructions This is suitable for those who have a natural sense of direction or an aptitude for map reading but can be difficult for lay users It can also be difficult for them to identify specified landmarks that are often labeled with vague outlines The inherent difficulties on navigation with a 2D map that displays locations with at best outlines of significant landmarks or at worst a single point with a title are easy to see Users can
101. ll measure the tilt and orientation of our tablet Essentially this sensor measures the angular velocity the speed of which an object spins on its axis One very significant difference between the gyroscope and the accelerometer is that the gyroscope is immune to gravity thus both of these sensors make great compliment to each other The axis of rotation corresponds to X for roll Y for pitch and Z for yaw They are measured in angular velocities which Figure 3 3 3 2 1 Gyroscope are represented by rotation per Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 minute RPM or degrees seconds A gyroscope will be a great addition to our sensors that will compliment the accelerometer to achieve an even more accurate reading There are still things to consider when selecting the right gyroscope 6 Range When looking at range it is important to find a gyroscope capable of reading the maximum and minimum value of our tablet Next we have to make sure that the range measured is within the range of the gyroscopes measurement limits and that the sensitivity works with our device Interface There are two ways a gyroscope will communicate with its data to the users The first method is with an analog signal output This is the case with almost all gyroscopes Next is a digital interface with either SPI Serial Peripheral Interface or I2C Inter Integrated Circuit Number of axis Like accelerometers gyroscopes can have up to 3
102. lumination that the transparent LCD needs while still remaining transparent However until a supply of transparent LCD panels is made available for purchase it is not possible to pursue this path One other solution to the transparent LCD is to use a transparent OLED screen OLED pixels generate their own light and thus don t rely on ambient light to operate Although there are many demonstration exams out there there are no products available for purchase at the time of writing If a product should become available during the Spring 2013 Semester the design team will consider its integration to the tablet The next alternative considered is a more conservative approach which involves combining the tablets onboard camera to feed a video stream to the tablets regular LCD screen in an attempt to replicate what the user would have seen had the screen been transparent This approach has the benefits of being simple to implement from a hardware perspective and is the approach the design team has chosen to adopt for the time being The final visual output option is to connect a pair of goggles that contain integrate screens capable of displaying to the users eyes what they normally would have seen on the tablet screen This option has the benefit of freeing the users hands when viewing the navigation application and they also would grow tired of holding the tablet up while navigating However an alternative method for controlling the tablet wou
103. may hamper an analog signal IC is a synchronous two wire interface The first wire SDA transmits data while a second wire SCL transmits a clock which is used to keep track of the data While we are using an IOIO to talk to the BMPO85 the wire library will conveniently take care of most of the work in communicating with the sensor BMP085 Pin Function Pin VCC Power 1 8V 3 6V GND Ground EOC End of conversion output XCLR Master Clear low active SCL Serial Clock I O SDA Serial Data I O The bottom side of the BMP085 Breakout labels of all six pins SDA SCL XCLR EOC GND and VCC VCC and GND are obviously the power pins SDA and SCL are the communication lines SDA being where the data is transmitted and SCL is the clock that keeps track of that data The last two pins XCLR and are a couple extra functions of the BMP085 XCLR acts as a master reset It s active low so if it s pulled to GND it will reset the BMP085 and set its registers to their default state EOC standing for end of conversion is a signal generated by the BMPO085 that s triggered whenever a pressure temperature conversion has finished These last two pins are optional we don t need to use them we will just leave them as they are now 79 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Figure 4 1 5 1 085 Pin Connection with IOIO Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 1 8 3 6V VDDA VDDD BM
104. mber of satellites in view Satellite Geometry HDOP GDOP PDOP etc Distance from Reference Receiver s non autonomous GPS ie WADGPS DGPS RTK lonosphere related conditions Troposphere related conditions Clock timing and receiver rounding errors Quality of GPS receiver 109 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Empty Space Scattered propagation lonosphere W Figure 6 1 8 1 Atmospheric Errors Reprinted with permission from Brittanica com 38 Summary of considerable errors lonospheric effects 5 meters Calculation und rounding errors 1 1 meter Clock errors of the satellites clocks 2 meter Multipath effect 1 meter Tropospheric effects 0 5 meter Shifts in the satellite orbits t 2 2 meter 6 1 8 1 Precision and Accuracy We need to mention precision and accuracy since we are considering GPS accuracy significantly important in our project idea A measurement system can be accurate but not precise precise but not accurate neither or both Precision and accuracy are often assumed to be the same thing technically they are slightly different Precision refers to the closeness to the mean of observations and accuracy refers to the closeness to truth 110 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Reference value Probability Accuracy density Value Precision Figure 6 1 8 1 1 GPS precision graph Re
105. n Figure 6 1 3 1 Pandaboard OMAP4460 Debug Port Reprinted with Permission from Pandaboard 1 105 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 6 1 4 IOIO Board Basically while we were testing the IOIO board we also tested all of the sensors such as the gyroscope accelerometer barometer and charging circuit We also tested connecting devices with the IOIO board which is in our Pandaboard ES system For connecting devices with the IOIO board we had to consider the power requirements of the IOIO board since it has some specific requirements with regards to the maximum power draw it can sustain during operation 20 Limiting Charge Current It is important to realize that limiting charge current inevitably decreases voltage on the USB VBUS line We know according to the USB specification decreasing VBUS under a certain threshold below 5V is illegal It will not damage our Android device in any way to do so but at a certain point our Android device will stop sensing that it is connected to the To make things a bit more interesting the exact point where this happens varies from device to device and varies slightly depending on the battery charge level 20 The simplest way to adjust this for a specific device is by starting from full charge current trimmer all the way clockwise and with the Android device connected slowly turn the trimmer counter clockwise keeping an eye on the battery ico
106. n Device etc the system thermal management software and worst case thermal applications the junction temperature might be exposed to higher values than those specified above Therefore it is recommended to perform thermal simulations at the device level Smartphone Tablet Personal Navigation Device etc with the measured power of the worst case UC of the device The level thermal policy relies on a PCB sensor Therefore it is recommended to have such sensors located on the PCB addition it is recommended to avoid having another significant thermal source near the OMAP4460 by TI So to be able to run the designed system efficiently at the desired thermal level we must follow these testing parameters The risks of not managing this junction temperature are hazardous heating power supply clamping reliability issues and malfunction 1 26 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 mm zz 11 uoissiuued pejuudey 49019 21601 9 1 2 2 2 2 Co X T 1i LI urejbeig 22018 09ttd VINO 72 1 enbi4 o 27 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 uoissiuuad pejuudeH 104 6 o9rtrdVIWO 672 6
107. n on the screen When the charge icon flashlight icon over the battery icon disappears we have choked the current too much Turn it back a notch or two to be on the safe side When the Android devices battery discharges substantially we might have to increase a bit further in order to maintain a stable connection In the end we decided to leave the trimmer at full charge to ensure there would be no shortage of power supplied to the Pandaboard 6 1 5 Gyroscope While testing the system we ensured to keep the following Absolute Maximum ratings for the gyroscope Stresses above those listed as Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these conditions is not reconmended Exposure to the absolute maximum ratings conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability 106 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Parameter Rating Supply Voltage VDD 0 5V to 6V VLOGIC Input Voltage Level 0 5V to VDD 0 5V REGOUT 0 5V to 2V Input Voltage Level CLKIN ADO 0 5V to VDD 0 5V SCL SDA INT 0 5V to VLOGIC 0 5V CPOUT 2 1V s VDD s 3 6V 0 5V to 30V Acceleration Any Axis 10 000g for 0 3ms unpowered Operating Temperature Range 40 to 105 Storage Temperature Range 40 C to 125 Electrostatic Discharge ESD 52 1 5kV 200V MM Figure 6 1 5 1 Absolute Maximum Ratings 6 1 6 GPS Module Whil
108. n options for this project Initially the idea of building a tablet with a transparent LCD screen was considered See Figure 2 1 1 This had a certain level of coolness going for it and would provide for a more seamless user experience since the user would have the feeling of directly interacting with the world they are using their tablet for to augment The biggest problem with transparent LCD screens however is that transparent LCD screens are mostly in a prototype stage and thus are hard to come by At the time of this writing there were none that the design team was able to purchase There are a few engineering issues that the team would have to overcome as well with the use of a transparent LCD screen The first is that LCD pixels do not generate their own light LCD screens normally rely upon a florescent lamp to provide the light needed to see the image A transparent LCD screen however has no such lamp and thus relies entirely upon ambient light to operate This means that in low light conditions or at night it would be difficult or impossible to see anything on the transparent screen One possible solution to this problem that was derived by the engineering team is to use a clear piece of glass with white LED s arraigned along the outer edge of 46 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 the glass to shine light into its edges The glass should distribute the light along the glass panel and provide the needed il
109. nd suggested route will constantly be refreshed depending on the location and orientation of the student whom contains the device 28 This component of our project will essentially be a combination of the Google Maps locational database and the augmented reality features of this application Since Google Maps has already mapped out all of the routes throughout UCF from which a student will regularly travel this will provide a starting point for constructing the application This is important because Google s Street view builds off of these coordinates so the application can use these to draw a realistically augmented line following these coordinates The application will call for these coordinates from Google s map database and combine them with the augmented line functionality of Google Street View when a route containing a destination is input from the user The users GPS location will supply Google Maps with the location of the user 30 Once the user s location is known the built in compass can inform the application of the users facing With these two pieces of information the application will be able to calculate the bearing to the user s next destination This will all be used to control the overlaid pointer on the camera feed of the user s device to point them to the next waypoint 31 89 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 uone ddy uoneSiAeN 10 5521 T z p 9 8 4
110. nest package for portable devices 4x4x0 9mm QFN high pass filter needed Turn on time 50ms Digital output temperature sensor Factory calibrated scale factor 10 000 g shock tolerant Fast Mode 2 400kHz serial interface On chip timing generator clock frequency is accurate to 2 over full temperature range Optional external clock inputs of 32 768kHz or 19 2MHz to synchronize with system clock MEMS structure hermetically sealed and bonded at wafer level RoHS and Green compliant 75 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 4 1 2 1 Hooking it Up We confirmed how to read data from the ITG 3200 before we start examining the sketch we need to hook the sensor up to the IOIO board Here s a table that shows how to connect the pins on the ITG 3200 to the pins on the 1010 We can use stripped wire or our fancy jumper wires to connect the two devices for testing and will integrate finally with our custom circuit board IOIO Pin 16 3200 Pin 93200 Pin DAO SCL 23 DA1 SDA 24 GND GND 18 3 3v VIO 8 3 3v VDD 13 p Controller 1010 PandaBoard ES interface GND e N T GND GND Figure 5 1 2 1 1 Typical IOIO Circuit Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 76 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 To use the basic functions of the ITG 3200 there are only 5 pins that need to be connected to the board
111. obstacles All kind of obstacles could significantly effects the GPS accuracy The following effects can cause inaccuracy e Less number of visible Satellites by sensor Reduced strength of satellite geometry Dilution of Precision DOP values GPS measurement error e Reflected Satellite signal Overall the system performed adequately for our needs By establishing waypoints to certain specific intersections and then testing when the GPS concluded we had reached the desired waypoint we were able to get a general estimate that the accuracy of the GPS was to within less than 5 meters 7 Administrative Content 7 1 Project Milestones This Senior Design Project had proposed to build a tablet that will run an augmented reality navigation application This proved to be an ambitious project because it involved both the design and construction of custom hardware and the creation of an augmented reality navigation application from scratch There are a lot of things that needed to be accomplished in a short amount of time so it was very important to subdivide the project into sub parts that can be more easily managed The first division was simple enough The hardware and software portions can be separated and worked on in parallel For the hardware the team began with a base system composed of an Android development board and an expansion board designed to operate with the development board The development board houses the CPU RAM
112. ocation on the lap It will also pan the map and center you on the location on the screen no matter where you are The find me button functionality is illustrated in the image below in Figure 8 6 1 McCulloch Rd Lake Claire 2 Recreational i ree Rd Area M 5 y Lake nup NA 2 Y 3 a M i x y Memory A c al ics pa i 1 Directions 2 Google ET Figure 8 6 1 Find Me 126 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 8 7 AUGI Lens The AUGI Lens is an activity that allows you to navigate to a destination of your choice that was chosen from the Navigation Activity This Activity will contain a three dimensional arrow that will point you in the direction of the next waypoint to your destination This three dimensional arrow was designed to be multicolored to be able to distinguish the unique points of the pyramid The most important thing to know about the pyramid is the red peak The red peak will always be pointing to the heading of your next waypoint and in turn will be the point that you will follow to navigate to your destination A Bearing and Distance indicator will be shown in the top right corner of the screen displaying the current bearing to the next waypoint and updated distance from the next waypoint These two calculations will not be relevant until a destination is selected within
113. onnected the custom designed circuit with Pandaboard ES through USB We used the following hardware components Pandaboard ES powered by OMAP4460 microcontroller SD Card Slot to install Android operating system JTAG for debugging Camera Sensor 5 01 Camera Adaptor PB CAME 01 Capacitive touchscreen RS 232 connection 1010 Board Gyroscope MPU 6050 GPS Module GPS 00177 Accelerometer MPU 6050 Barometer BMP085 Inertial Measurement Unit IMU MPU 6050 Alternate option Status LEDs Triple Output LED RGB SMD COM 007844 Power supply battery pack MCP73843 410 The above mentioned hardware is for the entire system For our custom circuit design considered components listed under the IOIO board These components listed above are not all included in the development board instead they are for our Augmented Reality Tablet which needed those components such as the gyroscope accelerometer barometer or compass camera camera adaptor and light sensor There are many components also present on the development board Pandaboard ES that we do not need Therefore we came up with the schematic captures for the components we needed The schematics for each layer of the processor OMAP4460 are shown in the figures 68 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 HMC5883L MAGNETOMETER 1010 BOARD Figure 4 1 1 Block Layout for Custom Expansion Board 4 1 1 IOIO Board We used the IOIO board as a reference boa
114. or development steps The transformational development process applies a series of transformations to change a specification to a deliverable system This model will work perfectly for Project AUGI being that we have never done a project of this magnitude and none of our group members have done extensive work with 101 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Android With these deficiencies to map out a project of this size for the first time in a specifications sheet might be troublesome if there is no room for transformation of the product specifications Transformations include changing the data representations selecting algorithms optimizing compiling This projects transformation will most likely include utilizing what algorithms Google already has in place as far as routing and user interface is concerned and modifying optimizing them to suit our needs 25 The figure below shows an example of Transformational Model displayed graphically The process is as follows Formal Development Record Check requirements update as needed Transformation sequence with reasoning Transformation N Spec Sheet Transformation 1 Requirements for the System occasionally not complete Figure 5 2 1 1 Project Transformational Model 5 2 2 Project Development Architecture An architectural style is also known as an architectural pattern A software based architectural style is a basic set of fundamentals or
115. pansion Board Capacitive Touch Screen FC interface 1010 085 interface V z a FC interface Power Supply Figure 4 1 9 1 Augmented Reality Tablet Block 4 1 9 PandaBoard ES Connection As we mentioned earlier the PandaBoard ES will be used as a platform for supporting the Android operating system with the expansion board Our custom build circuit will be connected through USB connector with the PandaBoard ES Expansion Ability to connect external device See figure 4 1 9 1 above e 1x USB 2 0 High Speed On the go port 86 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 2x USB 2 0 High Speed host ports General purpose expansion header I2C GPMC USB MMC DSS ETM Camera expansion header LCD signal expansion using a single set of resistor banks 4 2 Software Design Details One of the main features to the software component of Project AUGI is the Augmented Navigation Application This section of our software project is divided up into three basic components the Service the Map Activity and the Augmented Navigation Activity Each of these components will be making system calls using the Android API and will be discussed in further detail later within this documentation These three components will deliver three unique sets of functionality that will result in one grand delivered UCF Navigation product The Augmented Navigation Application will ha
116. parkfun com products 11028 9 https www sparkfun com products 11058 10 https www sparkfun com products 11282 http boardzoo com product info php products idz101 12 http boardzoo com product info php products id 100 13 https www sparkfun com products 9088 14 https www sparkfun com products 7844 131 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 15 https www sparkfun com products 10748 16 https www sparkfun com products 8293 17 https www sparkfun com products 8484 https www sparkfun com products 177 18 https www sparkfun com products 10968 19 https github com ytai ioio wiki 20 http www cadsoftusa com shop pricing language en 21 From TI Cares Customer Support ti cares ti com Sent Wednesday December 05 2012 12 24 PM To Phillip lee knights ucf edu Subject Re US EdPrograms 4 REF 74708594739 Hello Phillip Thank you for contacting Texas Instruments understand that you would like permission to use images for your project If you are not using any of TI s materials for your project then TI s permission is not needed In fact if you take your own photo of TI s products and or use your own screen shots then you don t need permission to use those images If you are using our images or photos please use the following credit Photo used with permission from http education ti com You will not need special permission for using our manual
117. pect anything from quality of their hardware It also means that dependable manufacturers are at a disadvantage because of the consumer confusion when shopping for a new accessory 20 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 3 1 3 2 iOS Apple has always maintained a closed ecosystem regulating all the device accessories applications and even the devices themselves Building a piece of iPhone hardware is no different The first step in the hardware development process for an Apple iPhone product is to become a member of Apple s MFi program This program will give a developer access to the hardware components and documentation allow you to use the official MFi certified logos and allow you access to Apple s technical support engineers This is a lengthy process requiring things like a credit review the write up of an enrollment form and even Apple s analysis of the developer to determine if Apple thinks Apple hardware development is right for them Upon becoming an official hardware developer Apple requires you only use the components that they approve and exclusively buy it through them Being a company is also another problem area Apple only accepts certified companies before they even consider looking over any approval papers There are no fees when applying for the MFi program but Apple requires you to pass a standard series of third party tests to demonstrate that the piece of hardware won t interfere with the iOS hardware
118. printed with permission Britannica com 38 Care must be taken particularly when using differential GPS to the accuracy of the results closeness to truth as reference points used can and often are inconsistent with truth The precision or accuracy quoted by many GPS manufacturers is mostly computed using a statistic known as circular error probable CEP also circular error probability or circle of equal probability is an intuitive measure of a weapon system s precision It is defined as the radius of a circle centered about the mean whose boundary is expected to include the landing points of 50 percent of the rounds Sp standard deviation of latitude Sl standard deviation of longitude 59 100 x sp sl As we mentioned earlier CEP is the radius of the circle that will contain approximately 50 percent of the horizontal position measurements reported by the GPS receiver This also means that 50 percent of the positions reported by related GPS will be outside of this circle If we consider the percent rate it is big enough for accuracy problem Distance Root Mean Squared DRMS is also used to measure accuracy with the above mentioned CEP as follows 2xDRMS 2x spxsp slxsl 0 5 Standard deviation of latitude and longitude always doesn t match consequently probability varies between 95 percent and 98 percent In summery we can 111 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 conclude that accuracy measure
119. provided for porting Android to Windows Phone This document is called the iPhone API mapping tool and makes the migration process much less time consuming 34 3 1 2 3 Windows Phone Windows Phone 8 is still new operating system and chances are an application won t initially be developed on it before other platforms There seems to be no trivial away for anyone to port a Windows Phone Application to any other platform at the moment Because it is a Windows Phone there was a lot of discussion regarding porting an application to a Windows desktop environment but that without any substantial porting tools also Also the fact that Microsoft is less interested in making developers move their applications to another platform until it starts to gain some more momentum in the mobile handset realm 3 1 2 4 Conclusion To conclude there is a clear advantage among one of the platforms within this list Android Google has developed their own J2OBJC porting application that is the only true porting utility out there on the market to port to iOS Microsoft also supplies Android to Windows Phone API translations for easy look ups and code rewrites It is general consensus though that porting a phones graphical user interface is neither supported nor is it a good idea for developers to do Taking advantage of a platform s strengths as far as its user interface is a big deal and if it means code re writes so be it 3 1 3 Hardware OS Platform Flexib
120. r 2D map with the field of view they see in front of them Instead all of the digital information of the 2D map can be directly displayed on top of their view allowing them to instantly grasp any important information 2 3 Project Requirements and Specifications Starting with the application portion of this project and working back to the hardware portion the feature and performance requirements of this design will need to satisfy the goals defined in 2 2 The application will need to locate the user s current location with a precision of less than five meters in error in an outdoor environment At that distance the user should be to see their destination without difficulty If this performance can be improved upon it may be possible to add extra functionality to enable a very fine grain of point to point navigation such as leading straight to the doorway of a building The application will need to match the GPS s level of accuracy when overlaying its virtual images over what the user is seeing This means that visual cues such as lines representing the user s path to destination and arrows showing the 6 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 required direction of travel must overlay accurately to the users visual plane This will apply equally to landmarks that the user chooses to identify on their map The level of accuracy achieved will directly translate into how small a landmark the user chooses to identify Highlightin
121. r can sense two forces First is the static force like gravity This is a constant force that is always acting upon us Next is dynamic acceleration This includes sudden speed up or stops But the Figure 3 3 3 3 1 Accelerometer MMA8452Q main reason we using Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 accelerometer is for the tilt sensing capabilities This is widely used in many applications such as phones and tablets You may ask Just how does measuring the gravity or the sudden start or stop tell us about the orientation Well we first have to understand that our tablet will be under a constant force gravity This is a static force We can then tell where the bottom of the Earth is because gravity is always pulling downward Because there are so many different types of accelerometers in the market we had to narrow the selection For our tablet there were several key factors to consider before deciding on the right accelerometer That includes range interface the 55 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 number of axis measured its power consumption and any other features it has 7 Range The range is how accurate our accelerometer will be Because we are working with a tablet that will sustain very low G forces our accelerometer needs to be very precise If we used a 200g ranged accelerometer we probably will not get much data Therefore we need a very precise accelerometer that can meas
122. rator will thus be needed as well as a powerful enough CPU and large enough RAM to support the application The display method of this tablet will depend on a number of factors The simplest version that was mentioned in section 2 2 is to use the onboard camera to record video and stream it to the screen in order to replicate what the user is seeing in their plane of view Then the virtual visual aids can be super imposed onto the video stream This method has the advantage of using standard hardware that is commonly available The more advanced version is to use a transparent screen so that the user can simply look through the tablet and allowing them to never have to take their eye off of what they are looking at It will also ensure that the perspective of the user is not altered by the position of the camera in the device However transparent screens are still an experimental product and using one will depend mostly in being able to acquire one If one cannot be bought then the simple method mentioned above will be used Should time and budget permit the use of goggles plugged into the tablet can be explored and possible implemented as an additional feature for this project this GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 should not be considered a required goal of the project though just a future possible path to take the design in the future All of this hardware will need to fit into a chassis that a user can elevate to eye lev
123. rd for our Augmented Reality Tablet The 1010 acts as a USB host and connects to most Android devices that have a USB slave device capability We used the Pandaboard ES as our Android device with a supported expansion board that provided camera connectivity with a camera adaptor and the capacitive touchscreen 20 4 1 1 1 Pins The pins are the essence of the They are used to connect to external circuits using different interfaces The common denominator to all pins is that they can all serve as 3 3V digital inputs or 3 3V digital outputs In addition many of the pins are capable of other functions as detailed in the table at the bottom of this page 20 For convenience the common pin functions are presented graphically on the bottom of the board See Figure 4 1 1 1 1 Below with a legend e Pins surrounded by a square can be used as analog inputs 3 3V For more details see Analog Input e Pins surrounded by a circle are 5V tolerant i e can be used as 5V logic inputs or product 5V logic output when used in open drain mode with the help of a pull up resistor For more details see Digital 69 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 e Pins marked with P can be used as peripheral inputs and outputs Mainly this includes PWM UART and SPI The pin marked with Pi can be used as peripheral input but not output e Pins marked with DAx and CLx are used for TWI e We will power the IO
124. reak down the sensors mentioned earlier To understand where we are we need the global positioning system This gives us the exact location in coordinates and so the application can place an icon that defines where the user is on a map Then another question arises which direction are we facing In order to figure out where north vector is a magnetometer or the compass was used With the northern direction calculated we easily pinpoint the direction the device is facing Next how high are we We can be at sea level or on top of a skyscraper With the barometric pressure sensor the application figured if the user is on the first or fifth floor of any given building Lastly what orientation are we looking at To find out the tilt and positioning of our device we used a inertial measurement unit which is the combination of a gyroscope and an accelerometer 3 4 2 Sensors and 1010 Interaction At the center of the custom PCB board is the IOIO board The task of the IOIO board is gathering all the raw data from all of the sensors processes it into useable data and sends it back to the PandaBoard ES This is no easy task and the board has 48 pins with an array of features to accomplish this Either through 12 PWM UART or just analog the IOIO communicates with each sensor Furthermore we figured out the additional math involved in converting raw data into usable data 15 3 4 3 Building with Eagle EAGLE stands for Easily Applicable
125. rometer and three axis digital compass which we did not use for our project Instead our sensors were from a custom made PCB board that is attached via the USB port into the Panda Board ES The 7 inch LCD screen Pandaboard ES and Panda expansion board are mounted on a plastic frame to neatly and aesthetically hold everything together The Pandaboard ES does not have sensors like a barometer accelerometer or gyroscope Some of these sensors like an on board accelerometer are featured on the expansion board however instead of using the prebuilt sensors on the expansion board a custom design PCB board read in all of these sensors This custom PCB board has the IOIO circuitry within which acts as USB host and interprets commands from our Android app programmed in the Panda Board The custom PCB board also includes other sensors such as accelerometer gyroscope barometer GPS GPS antenna ambient light photo sensor temperature and sensor Two 2200mAh polymer lithium ion batteries were used to power all the devices alternating while one was being recharged Our custom made PCB included circuitry to regulate and a separate charger to recharge the battery packs 7 Inch LCD Five Point Capacitive Panda Board ES Custom Build PCB Touch Five user key Figure 3 2 1 1 Reference Board Hardware Description Image 3 2 1 1 Primary Microcontroller The microcontroller is the most essential part of this project Even before deciding whi
126. rs Sparkfun s breakout boards gave us easy access to the pin outs especially when most if not all the sensor chips are surface mounts Accessing its pins can be very difficult However these breakout boards have other electronic components to make the board function Fortunately Sparkfun provides schematics to all of their boards and we can incorporate it into our design We will definitely use these schematic as a reference Checking the Schematic After we had all the schematics drawn we made sure all the connections are correct That meant there are no conflicting outputs all power terminals are connected with the correct polarity Check if there are any short circuit or isolated 92 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 circuits on the board Another check is if the power require by all the sensors is not limited and the components are capable of handling the currents drawn 21 Creating the Board Now we can create the actual physical board First is laying out the schematic we design into the board When creating our board it is crucial that we keep in mind the physical constraint of our setup Can the schematic fit our board Some components needs more space than others and we need to design our layout to best use the space How many layers is our board Do we need a heat sink Drill holes Placing the parts A list of parts is necessary to build our circuits Which parts do we use and are they readily available
127. rve accurate color perception Additionally the CLD display was adjusted to perform optimally based on contrast settings recommended by default 1 and the input provided by the ambient light sensor 6 1 2 Camera and Adapter The specifications given in the design are require the testing o the camera as well as the camera adaptor The camera and the adapter was used with the expansion board and the PandaBoard ES before integrating to the project separately The built in apps for Android that came on the Pandaboard for supporting the camera were used to ensure that it operated as intended This simply involved turning the camera on and making sure that it could properly take pictures and show a live video stream to the user 104 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 6 1 3 PandaBoard ES The Pandaboard ES was tested before it was integrated with the IOIO board We installed the Android operating system on the built in SD card location and tested all the required components for our intended system The board came with a number of test applications such a simple app to test the touch screen run system diagnostics and use the internet Debug e JTAG See Figure 6 1 3 1 e UART RS 232 e 2 status LEDs configurable e 1 GPIO Button Sysboot switch available on board e 5 H Hr Dumpu o
128. s 22 To help you become familiar with your calculator has Web based tutorials available that answer common questions students and teachers may have when learning to use our products http education ti com calculators pd US Online Learning Tutorials hope that you find this information helpful If you have further questions or comments please feel free to send me an email Happy Holidays Maria 132 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 23 bit_msp430 overview page DCMP MCU_ other amp HQS msp430 24 http www dimensionengineering com info switching regulators 25 Pfleeger Shari Software Engineering pg 223 290 Prentice Hall 2010 26 Mednieks Zigurd Programming Android pg 111 163 O Reilly 2011 27 Mednieks Zigurd Programming Android pg 211 243 O Reilly 2011 28 Mednieks Zigurd Programming Android pg 371 386 O Reilly 2011 29 Deitel Paul Android for Programmers pg 35 67 Pearson 2012 30 Deitel Paul Android for Programmers pg 226 256 Pearson 2012 31 Deitel Paul Android for Programmers pg 291 318 Pearson 2012 32 Deitel Paul Android for Programmers pg 390 459 Pearson 2012 33 https developer mapquest com web products featured android maps api 34 http blog hsoi com 2010 11 10 ios vs android programmer first impressions 35 http www pcadvisor co uk reviews software 3
129. s and the discharge rate is high enough to accommodate lot of electronics and a few small motors The battery has two cells and outputs 7 4V storing 2200mAh of charge Because this is a dual cell battery pack a special charger is needed This battery is not compatible with single chargers Figure 4 1 8 1 1 Polymer Lithium lon Battery PRT 08484 Reprinted with permission from Sparkfun com 3 Note Care should be taken not to short circuit or overtax these batteries because they don t have any built in protection circuit Features 7 4 2 cell pack 2200mAh of charge 30C continuous discharge rate JST XH charge plug 8AWG bare discharge leads Dimensions 138 5mm x 47 5mm x 24 5mm Weight 2060 7 2602 83 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 4 1 8 2 Polymer Battery Charger and Balancer Description This charger accurately balances and charges Lithium Polymer LiFe A123 NiCd and NiMH batteries It will handle LiPo LiFe up to 6S and NIMH NiCd up to 155 and shows individual cell voltage during charge with realtime updates throughout the charge cycle The intuitive menu system means charging and cycling is an easy process and can be done quickly and accurately either in the field by using a 12V input such as a car battery or at home with a 12Vpower supply Bundled with the charger are a number of input and output wires which should Figure 4 1 8 2 1 Battery Charger and Balancer
130. s regulated 6 Pins 48 Pins some are General purpose some have special function 7 Power LED LED that light up when there is power 8 Stat LED Lights up when under application control 9 MCLR Pin Used to reprogram the boot loader firmware 10 CHG Charge current trimmer used to adjust how much current is supplied into the USB port and into the device Figure 3 3 1 2 2 IOIO Pinout Description The input and output pins are labeled to more easily identify which port has what functions Pins that have a square around them mean that they can be used as 3 3V analog input pins Those with circles mean that they are 5V tolerant and can be used as 5V logic output using an open drain mode You would also need a pull up resistor for this function Next to the port with the P mark means they can be use as a peripheral input and output These include pulse width modulation UART and SPI These p marked pins are especially important for our project as they are what the sensors will be communicating through The pins marked with Pi can be used as a peripheral input but not output And lastly the pins marked with DAx and CLx are used for two wire interface See Figure 3 3 1 4 1 15 3 3 1 3 1010 Power Supply In order to power the IOIO board we need a DC voltage ranging from 5V to 15V A switching regulator steps the Vin to 5V with a limiting current of 1 5A This is 49 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 where th
131. satellite the gyroscope will change values as well when the orientation of the tablet starts changing Our goal of integrating the status LED s is to make the Augmented Reality Tablet more interactive with the response of different sensors reliable with accurate and expected results and dependable by indicating when the tablet should work 14 We have selected Triple Output LED RGB SMDCOM 07844 for our custom designed circuit since we need various combinations of color to indicate many status s that could be possible 4 1 7 1 RGB Color System RGB color space or RGB color system comes from the name of the three principal colors which can construct all of the colors from the combination of the following three principle colors e Red e Green e Blue 81 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 The red green and blue use 8 bits each which have integer values from 0 to 255 This makes 256 256 256 16777216 possible colors From above description it is cleared that RGB Red Green Blue Each pixel in the LCD monitor displays colors this way by combination of red green and blue LEDs light emitting diodes When the red pixel is set to 0 the LED is turned off When the red pixel is set to 255 the LED is turned fully on Any value between them sets the LED to partial light emission 4 1 7 2 Triple Output LED RGB This is a very popular RGB combo but in SMD Surface Mount Devoce form These units have four pads with
132. spending this project needed the following expenditures for this project is shown below in Table 7 4 1 Component Cost Panda Board ES 162 Panda Expansion Board 250 5MP Camera Adapter 120 Microcontrollers 354 GPS Antenna 50 Sensors 120 Board Construction 457 Battery 70 Housing Material Cost 100 Miscellaneous Materials 100 Shipping Cost 200 1 983 Table 7 4 1 Project Expenditures This budget proved to be sufficient to meet the needs of this project The funds were allotted as needed so any un used funds remained with the sponsor 122 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 8 Project AUGI Tablet User Manual 8 1 Launching Activity and Main Activity To launch the application click in the icon on the Project icon located within the app drawer or the home screen See Figure 8 1 1 for a visual description Upon launching the application the main activity will be initialized This screen can be recognized by the UCF Knights logo in the background There are two different activities that can be initialized from the home screen Navigation and AUGI Lens These activities will be explained in the section below See Figure 8 1 2 for and illustration of the Main Activity Project AUGI Project AUGI Phone Contacts Figure 8 1 1 Launch Application Figure 8 1 2 Main Activity Screen 8 2 Navigation Once the navigation activity is
133. t powers the system This work proceeded in parallel with the board work since none of them were really reliant upon the other As such for the Fall 2012 Semester the hardware milestones we achieved were as follows 1 Research of system components and choosing exact parts 2 Completing the design of the board that integrates the parts together 3 Designing the communication protocols that these parts will use to communicate with the development board via a shared USB interface 4 Researching the battery components to integrate into the board 5 Completing the designs for battery pack and 6 Designing the housing for all internal components See Table 8 2 1 As for the Spring 2013 Semester the hardware milestones we achieved were as follows 1 Completion of the initial versions of all hardware components 2 Complete an extended period of testing to ensure required performance metrics are met 3 Completion of the final device revisions 4 Complete hardware testing to ensure proper operation and meeting expected performance metrics See Table 8 2 2 With regards to the software the main focus was on the application development This application had two main areas of development One was the navigation aid feature which provides visual cues to users to help them navigate to their 115 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 destination The other was the map where custom landmark identifications could be highlighted to
134. te to the program will immediately return to the map and begin calculating the path to the selected destination via by method Walking It will display markers labeled A and B indicating the start and destination respectively A dark line will be drawn on the screen to give a visual representation of the route s waypoints to reach your destination To view the textual directions more explicitly click on the distance from your destination in the top left hand corner A screen with textual direction in chronological order will appear with the appropriate distances from each waypoint Figure 8 4 2 below illustrates the routing in action To Unknown road f 7 min 0 4 mi Via Route puter Science A A 1 200 4i Busine Administra CES Figure 8 4 2 Routing 125 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 8 5 Satellite View Another feature rich button is the Satellite button This button will toggle between the Google Maps standard view and its Satellite view Figure 8 5 1 below illustrates the map view in satellite mode To toggle back to the standard map mode click the Satellite button again 8 6 Find Me The Find Me button will poll the GPS sensor on the custom board from the IOIO Service for your current location It will then send the location via longitude and latitude coordinates to the Map Activity which will display a little android marker to your current l
135. the handle To access the rest of the features touch the arrow itself to bring up a Handle of options The Handle is described below in more detail Figure 8 7 1 AUGI Lens 8 8 Handle The Handle can be activated by touching the three dimensional arrow in the main careen of the AUGI Lens This handle will contain four main buttons that will control how you interact with the AUGI Lens and dynamically change its functionality An illustration of the handle is shown below with all of its containing buttons 127 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Navigation S 2 Figure 8 8 1 Handle 8 9 Sensor Data Sensor Data will display an overlay of all of the relevant sensor data that is being received from the custom board This is generally used for debugging purposes but can also give insight to the user of the specific data that is being polled from each sensor Sensor data includes data from an LED ambient light sensor a altitude determining barometer the current heading calculation three dimensional gyroscopic data accelorometer data given in euler angles and the current users longitude and latitude An illustration of the sensor data is shown below with all of its containing information Navigation Figure 8 9 1 Sensor Data 128 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 8 10 1010 Service There are times where the logic from t
136. the user The navigation aid feature was broken down into several sub components The first was tracking the user s current location and facing The code for this portion feeds off of signals from the GPS and compass It also pulls data from the Google Maps in order to state exactly where the user is located The next portion needs to pull data from the gyroscope and accelerometer to determine the tablets position and orientation in order to take the users position data and calculate what the user is looking at through the integrated camera This operates without any input from the camera The last portion draws the visual aids to the screen representing the summation of calculated data from the previous two portions Given these programming portions the milestones for the software work for the Fall of 2012 were as follows 1 Completion of research into the calling and use of the Google Maps 2 Completion of research into the needed class structure and algorithms for both portions of the software application 3 Design Unified Modeling Language UML charts to demonstrate the high level operations of the software See Table 8 2 1 The milestones for the Spring of 2013 were 1 Completion of all software classes up to Alpha version levels 2 Thoroughly test the Alpha build to determine performance issues against the metrics and programming bugs 3 Complete the Beta version of the of application 4 Thoroughly test the Beta vers
137. ther We will pick several different buildings around campus and select different destinations BY doing so we will be able to see how ell waypoints are plotted to each destination These waypoints will be viewable in the AUGI Navigation view along with other detailed sensor data in order for us to get a close and detailed understanding of how the 103 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 device is operating In this way we will test all of our hardware and sensors as they are all needed to successfully navigate around campus After passing all of the testing processes the project will be able to function as expected meeting all of the required technical issues We are using LCD capacitive touchscreen Gyroscope Accelerometer Photometer Camera IOIO board PandaBoard ES Expansion board GPS Battery pack 6 1 1 Capacitive LCD Touch Screen We tested the LCD display by connecting it to the appropriate level of power supply just to see if it turns on If the LCD lights up then we can perform the next test Capacitive touchscreen is very sensitive to system noise to eliminate system noise we used a battery pack Different variables such as the light source the viewing angle and the system s graphics card can have a significant effect on an LCD display s performance To maintain consistent and ideal viewing conditions all testing was performed in an appropriate lighting environment which helps to prese
138. ure very low g forces Interface The interface is how the accelerometer will tell us the forces There are several ways to do this First with an analog signal the voltage output is directly proportional to what is measured by the acceleration The next type of interface is pulse width modulation or PWM This is basically a square wave with a set frequency and with a varying duty cycle As the acceleration changes the duty cycle will change as well Next and lastly is the digital interface SPI Serial Peripheral Interface or I2C Inter Integrated Circuit The benefit of these digital interfaces is they are more noise resistant and usually include more features For our tablet we would like it too be as noise resistant as possible and additional features would only help Number of axis The number of axis is pretty self explanatory It is the number of possible axis on the X Y and Z plane The more axis the more data that can be used which for our project we would want the maximum number of axis which is three Power usage The power usage is how much the accelerometer will consume the more current it draws the more power it is using Most accelerometers will be drawing roughly in the 100uA range Some additional features may include a sleep function which will not power the accelerometer when it does not need to be in use This function is very attractive for this project since we will only use the accelerometer when the orientation
139. ve three parts but in an effort to keep features and usability to end users both powerful and simple we have decided to intelligently combine them into one application This is going to be possible by both using concepts Google has already implemented within their system delivered applications and combining those concepts with built in Google Maps API calls and house developed algorithms 4 2 1 Google Maps API Google Maps is a built in mapping and routing application that is delivered with every Android device It also has many other features such as detailed 3D maps positional based turn by turn navigation public transit real time traffic updates access to a large database filled with information on local businesses and establishments any many more This feature is going to be the heart of our Augmented Navigation Application 33 Because Google wants developers to maintain the high level of quality in applications they d like Google has supplied developers with a portion of their API devoted to mapping and navigation tools The Maps Library includes classes that deliver map rendering multiple display options and touch enables controls This is also coupled with a large database of locations and establishments at our disposal 28 The Main areas within the Google Maps API that we will be using are the following the centralized locations database that Google uses the routing algorithms to achieve the shortest path from point A to po
140. xpress is the most convenient one 35 3 1 1 2 4 Winner The winner of this round will go to Google s Android because of its versatility and many development options Because of Android s SDK ability to develop on almost any platform the need for virtual machines and compatibility issues no longer becomes a problem and everything in the end will work as close to seamlessly as possible Microsoft and Apple have a road ahead of making their SDK s runnable on other machines besides their own and sadly because of that fact the world may never see them rolled out for other operating systems 3 1 1 3 Device Emulators and Simulators Device Emulators have become a necessity in the mobile application development realm A device emulator is supposed to mimic the user device interaction without working on the actual physical device If a device has 1GB or RAM that runs on a 1 3 GHz Snapdragon S3 processor the device emulator should present the same type of performance that is expected of the physical device Software nowadays is not developed and run on the same machine like it used to be Due to this fact device emulators were created to speed up testing and debugging time Time and money is a big road block and the ability to run a virtual device s screen on your desktop and test a virtual device instead of a physical one is crucial 13 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Devices also come in a large amount of configurations and h
141. y Connector Type A for 4430 Transmitter output See Figure 3 2 11 HDMI Connector Type A for DVI D output sourced via OMAPA parallel display output See Figure 3 2 11 Audio Input amp Output Connectors 3 5mm SD SDIO MMC Media Card Cage See Figure 3 2 10 LS Research Module 802 1 1b g n Bluetooth FM 23 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 PandaBoard ES Block Diagram OMAP4460 Processor Figure 3 2 1 2 1 Block Diagram for Panda Board ES Reprinted with Permission from Panda Board 1 24 GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 PandaBoard ES Set up Overvoltage LED Vrat J7 Back side of PCB 05 Expansion Connector RS 232 P4 eevee woe EOIIILILIILILLO Expansion J17 41 Generic Expansion J3 J6 TIT Figure 3 2 1 2 2 Top View of the Panda Board ES Reprinted with Permission from Panda Board 1 3 2 1 3 Processor 4460 The Pandaboard ES is a platform for the OMAP4460 which has many powerful multimedia features while also staying low cost The OMAP4460 is developed by Texas Instruments and is a category of proprietary system on chip SoC for portable and mobile multimedia applications The OMAP4460 is a duel core CPU with 384 MHz GPU It also has 1 GiB of DDR2 SDRAM double data r
142. y generated a path to a user s destination but could actually highlight on the screen precisely what the user is looking for these issues could be resolved Imagine a device that when the user holds it up to the landscape they are looking at the device draws virtual information to its screen that directly super imposes onto what the use is seeing in their landscape This can enable the user to directly follow visual cues their destination and be able to precisely identify what it is they are looking for With a device like this See Figure 2 1 1 even the most novice of user would be able to follow the virtual image of say a line or arrow without having to worry if they passed the street or sidewalk that they were supposed to turn on They would not need to worry about identifying intermediate land marks along their path that mark the location of their next turn They also wouldn t need to determine if they are heading the right direction every time they change heading Figure 2 1 1 Navigation Tablet Concept Idea GROUP 12 SENIOR DESIGN DOCUMENT SPRING 2013 Augmented reality can provide an enhanced navigation experience that overcomes the difficulties mentioned above The target groups for this enhanced navigation are users who are both skilled and unskilled with map reading and navigation Unskilled users will benefit by being able to follow virtual representations of the desired path and without even needing to look at the map

Group 12 Senior Design Document Spring 2013

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents