Home

chapter 1 introduction to esa 86/88e

Contents

1. lt CR gt 0000 2000 R1 0000 2005 BAC 0000 200A_ Li 0000 2002 R2 lt CR gt 0000 3000 L2 0000 3000 UP This example ilustrated the use of LL command in stand alone mode of operation The listing format includes the address location of the label of the label followed by the symbol LabelName defined This format is the same for output in serial mode also Note that after listing four consecutive label definitions the monitor waits for a user strobe viz lt CR gt before proceeding with the output In the serial mode the monitor waits after listing 25 label definitions and then displays a message Press Any Key The listing continues upon pressing any key In either mode of operation entering lt ESC gt Key while the monitor is waiting terminates the command and the monitor returns to command prompt mode 8 5 ASSEMBLER DIRECTIVES PSEUDO OP CODES In addition to the normal op codes that generate executable machine instructions the Assembler recognizes some pseudo op codes which ocupy the mnemonic field like normal op codes These directives instruct the assembler to perform certain functions like setting the origin defining symbolic constants initializing byte word or string values etc ESA 86 88E symbolic one line Assembler supports the following assembler directives OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 8 10 WO Origin control ORG Symbolic constant definition EQU e Byte initialization DB Word initialization
2. lt CR gt SW lt address gt lt CR gt lt new data gt lt CR gt OPERATION l Both commands operate in a similar fashion To use either command enter S or SW when rompted for command entry then enter the address of the memory location to be examined modified This is followed by carriage return 2 The monitor will now output the contents of the adressed location followed by a hyphen the monitor s data entery prompt character and a space to indicate that the addressed locations can now be modified 3 To modify the contents ofthis location enter the new data value Note that when using the SW command the byte contents of the next consective memory location addressed memory location 1 are output first followed by the byte contents ofthe actual location addressed similarly when updating memory contents using the SW command the first byte entry will be written into the next consecutive memory location and the second byte entry will be written into the addresed memory location 4 After optionally modifying the contents of the addressed loction type a comma to examine modify the next two consecutive memory location or previous two memory locations SW commad 5 A lt CR gt terminates the command OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 6 WO ERROR CONDITIONS i Trying to modify non existent or ROM locations 2 Entering non Hex parameters as data EXAMPLES 1 Examine RAM location 2100 H relative to the DS regi
3. 6 2 PROGRAMMABLE PERIPHERAL INTERFACES ESA 86 88E Comprises of three onboard 8255A Programmable Peripheral Interface PPI devices Of these two 8255s placed at U1 and U20 provide 48 I O line that are entirely available to the user The peripheral at position U20 resides on the upper data bus while the peripheral at U1 reside on the lower data bus Each 8255A consists of three 8 bit input output data ports designated as port A B and C and one write only control port All the port can be address individually and configured independently input or output mode The I O address assignment can be found in the I O map given in the earlier section The signals of the port A port B and Port C of the 8255A at UI are brought out to the connector J4 and the port lines of other 8255A at U20 are brought out to the connector J5 The pin assignment for the individual port lines are given in Appendix B 6 3 PROGRAMMABLE INTERVAL TIMER ESA 86 88E has an onboard Programmable Interval Timer 8253 positioned at U8 8253 has one command port and three data ports viz Timer 0 1 and 2 which provided three independent timer counter channels Of these timer 0 is initialized by trainer firmware for gernerating appropriate baud clock depending upon DIPswitch setting for serial mode of operation This output is fed to the transmit and receive clock pin of the 8251A USART The other two timers are made available to the user The signals of timer 1 and 2 are avail
4. DY OUT MOV OUT MOV OUT MOV DX AL AL 08 DX AL AL 00 DX AL CX 8000 LOOP DY1 DWR OUT MOV MOV OUT MOV OUT MOV OUT MOV OUT MOV RET MOV DX 0FFED8 DX AL DX 0F4 DX 0FFDC DX AL AL OF2 DX AL AL OFA DX AL AL OF2 DX AL CX 8000 LOOP DY2 RET register Routine to write sdata Return to start of LCD disply Delay between Repeated displys This chapter covered a variety of programming example that were developed using ESA 86 88E Symbolic One line assembler The user in urged to try different variations of the program modules given here so that the capabilities of the programming enviroment provided are fully appreciated We welcome any recommendations or suggestions for improvement AO D OV ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 10 14
5. BB 0030 BA 00 32 B8 00 35 8B F3 8B F8 B9 2000 FC F3 A4 MNEMONICS MOV BX 3000 MOV DX 3200 MOV AX 3500 MOV SI BX MOV DI AX MOV CX 20 CLD REP MOVSB ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL COMMENTS Store index sreferences in registers sset up Ist block as source amp a temp sblock as destination 10 2 0000 2013 8B F2 MOV _ SI DX Set up 2nd block as 0000 2015 8B FB MOV _ DI BX source amp Ist block as 0000 2017 B9 20 00 MOV CX 20 Destination address 0000 201A FC CLD 0000 201B F3 REP 0000 201C A4 MOVSB 0000 201D 8B F0 MOV SI AX Set up temp block as 0000 201F 8B FA MOV DI DX source amp 2st block as 0000 2021 B9 20 00 MOY CX 20 Destination address 0000 2024 FC CLD 0000 2025 F3 REP 0000 2026 A4 MOVSB 0000 2027 CC INT 30 Enter the above program beginning at location 0 2000H Enter the desired data in locations 0 3000 to 0 3000 to 0 301FH and 0 3200H to 0 321FH Execute the program using GO command Now the data block at 0 3000 would be moved to 0 3200h and the data block at 0 3200H to 0 3000H This can be verified using display memory commands Example 3 The following program coverts a hexadecimal byte value to its ASCII notation The example illustates tge use of the powerful translate XLAT and rotate instructions The program asumes that the hex value is in AL register The resulting ASCII representation is left in the AX register Enter the program at 0 2000H and enter the required HEX va
6. Display memory bytes D lt start address gt lt end address gt lt CR gt display block of memory in byte Display memory Words DW lt start address gt lt end address gt lt CR gt displays block of memory in word format Examine modify registers X lt reg gt lt CR gt lt new data gt lt CR gt displays modifies 8086 8088 CPU registers Move Memory M lt Start address gt lt end address gt copies a block of memory lt destination address gt lt CR gt from one location to the other Fill Memory Bytes F lt start address gt lt end address gt lt byte value gt Fills a block of memory with lt CR gt constant byte data Fill Memory Words FW lt start address gt lt end address gt lt word Fills a block of memory with value gt lt CR gt constant word data Input byte I lt port address gt lt CR gt lt CR gt Accepts and displays the data byte at the input port Input word IW lt port address gt lt CR gt lt CR gt Accepts and displays the data word at the input port Output byte O lt port address gt lt CR gt lt data gt lt CR gt Outputs a data bytes to the output Outer Word OW lt port address gt lt CR gt lt data gt lt CR gt Outputs a data word to the output Compare memory C lt start address 1 gt lt end address 1 gt lt start Compares a block of memory address2 gt lt CR gt with another block OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 4 WO Go Execute G lt CR g
7. IN SPECIFICATION PARAMETERS While the address data parameters are to be entered as hexadecimal values the operators and can be used to form expressions and also to specify the use of the contents of any 8086 8088 register as address data values For example suppose we wish to specify an address whose segment is ES 10H and whose offset is BX 30H One way is to calculate these values as shown below Assume ES 0270H and BX 0080H Segment value ES 10H 0280H Offset value BX 30H 0050H Then the address can be specified as 0280 0050 However ESA 86 88E supports direct specification of such an address value as shown below ES 10 BX 30 The systim will automatically evaluate such expressions and use the correct values These perators can be used to considerably simplify the specification and checking of relative addresses also 4 2 3 RESPONSE TO ERRORS Whenever an error is detected the command is aborted the symbol is output on the command line a carriage return and linefeed are issued and the command prompt character is output at the beginning of the new line Command execution occurs only a command terminator a comma or a carriage return depending on the command is entered Hence a command entry can be cancelled any time before the terminator is entered The monitor detects entry of any character that is not legal or does not match the expected entry The monitor then aborts the
8. The user will always have and option to either output data at a port or skip the port and proceed with the next subsequent I O port At any stage a carriage return terminates the command EXAMPLES 1 Write to the I O port FFE6H for configuring it as output port by sending appropiate command byte to command register FFE6H OFFE6 lt CR gt FFE6 80 lt CR gt 2 Output a series of words to ports ranging from FFEO to FFE6 OFFE0 lt CR gt FFEO 1234 FFE2 ABCD FFE4 5555 FFE6 3676 lt CR gt 4 5 8 COMPARE MEMORY COMMAND FUNCTION This command compares a block of memory with another black and displays differences in the location when found SYNTAX C lt start address 1 gt lt end address 1 gt lt start address 2 gt lt CR gt OPERATION 1 Touse this command enter C when prompt for command entry and then enter the starting and ending addresses of the first memory block separated by a comma Followed by a comma and the starting address of the second memory block should b entered NOTE In this command end address 1 is always relative to the segment value specified with start address 1 or implied with start address 1 i e the contents of CS register if no Segment value is specified Consequently no segment value is permitted with the end address1 and with each command OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 15 WO execution a maximum of 64K bytes can be compared The segment for start address2 is relative to the current CS va
9. 0000 CallOUT_CHAR 0000 200C 46 INC SI sroutine 0000 200D E2 F6 LOOP 2005 Repeat display 0000 200F 9A A9 00 00 FE CALLS OFE00 00A9 CallGET_CHAR 0000 2014 CC INT 03 Return to monitor The user should fill the locations from 0 2500H to 0 250DH with the following Hexadecimal data bytes These bytes are the HEX equivalents of the ASCII characters contained in the output message 0000 2500 OA OA 48 45 4C 4C 4F 20 57 4F 52 4C 44 21 20 Example 2 This program demonstrates the use of GET STRING and SEND_STRING routines The program prompts the use to enter a message from the keyboard in either mode and output the same message on the console The output of the program will appear only on the console Execute this program in stand alone mode and also connect the trainer to a CRT or PC using RS 232 C serial interface If the communication package is running the message entered via the PC keyboard interfaced to the trainer will be displayed on the console ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 4000 B8 00 00 MOV AX 0000 Initialize segment 0000 4003 8E C0 MOV ES AX registers 0000 4005 B8 50 40 MOV AX 4050 setup up mem pointer 0000 4008 9A 31 00 00 FE CALLS 0FE00 0031 for message prompt 0000 400D 9A 13 00 00 FE INC SI Output message 0000 4012 9A 31 00 00 FE LOOP 2005 on LCD OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 10 5 WO 0000 4017 0000 401C 0000 401E 0000 4023 0000 4028 0000 402D 0000 4050 0000 4056 0000 4
10. 200E C3 RET A INC SI lt CR gt Illegal Operands 0000 200E C3 RET A INCW SI lt CR gt FF 04 0000 2010 34 01 XCHGAL O1 A JMP UP lt CR gt gt E2 FB 0000 2012 CC INT 03 A lt CR gt 0000 2011 EE OUT AL DX A NOTES 1 The Assembler is invoked without any specific address Hence it takes the current CS amp IP register contents as reference memory locations 2 Use of Origin Control Directive ORG is made here before entering any instructions since the current location counter does not point to user RAM area The location counter is now modified to point to the address specified by this directive 3 Error message follows the first instruction entered here since the Hex operand does not begin with a numeric The location counter is not updated until a valid source statement is entered In such case the appropriate error message is displayed and the current location counter is displayed again followed by the machine code and instruction at that address and the assembly prompt A on the next line The Mnemonics Syntax for ESA 86 88E Symbolic one line Assembler is described in detail in a later Section OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 8 4 WO When an instruction is successfully assembled the machine code for the instruction is output on the next line as shown in the third instruction entered in the above example this is preceded with a gt symbol and the location counter is suitably updated and subsequently displaye with t
11. 3000 03 00 00 00 0000 3004 04 00 00 00 3 Executes the program and observe the result It should be as follows 0000 3008 05 00 00 00 4 The user is urged to try with different data values to observe the results HAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 10 10 WO Example 2 The following program calculates Sin Z where Z is in degrees and 0 lt Z lt 90 Note that the values 0 and 90 are not allowed They must be handled separately Sin Z is calculated using the Tangent function FPTAN of 8087 as follows Suppose tan Z 2 Y X then sin Z 2X Y X Y7 The FPTAN function of 8087 requires the argument in radians on the top of the stack and returns the result as Y X where X is the top of stack and Y is the next element Further the argument must satisfy the condition 0 lt argument lt PI 4 Hence Z is restricted to satisfy 0 lt Z lt 90 This restriction can be eliminated at the cost of more computation IfZ be unrestricted then the FPREM function of 8087 can be used to reduce the argument to the required range and use the relation sin PI Z Sin Z In the following program the argrument Z is first divided by 2 preparatory to using the relation described above then converted into radians and then the tangent is calculated The resulting values X and Y is used to calculate sin Z The input to the program Z in degreess must be set up in the register AL as a Hex value The output in packed BCD form is available in the regist
12. 99 To perform upload operation type lt Ctrl U gt in response to the command prompt the system will Prompt for the file name Segment Address Offset start and end addresses as follows Upload filename HEX Segment address Start address End address upload filename is the name of the disk file into which the information is to be uploaded Enter the file name the file name with extension terminated by lt CR gt If the file already exists then the system will display File already exists Overwrite Yes No Append Select the first option by pressing lt Y gt to overwrite the contents of the existing file Pressing lt N gt will let the user specify another file name Select th third option lt A gt to append to the contents of the existing file Ifno error occurs the system proceeds by prompting the Segment address The user has to enter segment from which the program or data has to upload After this the system will prompt for starting address of the program Enter the Starting address QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 3 4 WO terminated by lt CR gt A maximum of four hex digits is allowed for the starting address next the system will prompt for the ending address of program or data from ESA86 88E memory Enter the ending address terminated by lt CR gt A maximum of four hex digits is allowed for the ending address Then the system will gathe the data in the specified address range of the ESA 86 88E reforma
13. DW String constant initialization ASC Each of these directive is now discussed briefly 1 Origin control ORG ORG lt Value gt lt CR gt The location counter or address can be set to a specific value with the help of this directive It is generally used at the first program entry for the starting location of the assembled code For example ORG 2000 will result in the loading of next instruction assembled to start from location 2000H The value to be specified with this directive can be entered in the Segment Offset format also Example A lt CR gt 0000 0000 27 DAA A ORG 2000 lt CR gt 0000 2000 00 3F ADD BX BH A ORG OF00 0 lt CR gt F000 0000 FA CLI A This example illustrates the use of ORG directive to set location counters After invoking the assembler the location counter corresponds to the current content of the CS and IP registers The first ORG Directive is made to change the offset of the location counter only and hence no segment specification is made In the second source statement ORG is used with segment as well as offset specification This statement modifies both the segment and the offset of the location counter accordingly 2 Symbolic Constant definition EQU User can define a value for a symbolic constant by using the equate EQU directive lt Symbol gt EQU lt defined constant gt lt CR gt For example the symbol T1 can be defined to be equal to 2000H by entering T1 EQU 2000 Further t
14. OUT_CHAR Function Outputs an ASCII stored in AL register character to the console in Serial mode or to LCD in stand alone mode Calling address FE00 0000 2 Name ofroutine OUT_STRING Function Outputs a string of ASCII characters stored in memory The String is indexed by ES AX Where ES is the segment value and AX is the offset address of the starting location of the string Calling address FE00 0013 3 Name of routine OUT_CRLF Function Output a carriage return and line feed ASCII code OAH 0DH to the LCD or console Calling address FE00 0031 4 Name of routine OUT_BLANK Function Output a blank character ASCII code 20H to the LCD or console Calling address FE00 0049 HIG Jor ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 9 1 10 11 12 13 Name ofroutine Function Calling address Name ofroutine Function Calling address Name ofroutine Function Calling address Name ofroutine Function Calling address Name ofroutine Function Calling address Name ofroutine Function Calling address Name ofroutine Function Calling address Name ofroutine Function Calling address Name ofroutine Function Calling address HAD QVO OUT_BYTE Outputs a byte in AL register to the LCD or to console FE00 0052 OUT_WORD Outputs a word value in store in AX register to the LCD or to the console FE00 006A OUT_ADDR Output an address value in Segment Offset format t
15. This directive is similar to DB directive except that with this directive a word of memory rather than a byte is initialized Further only one value is permitted with one statement E g 0000 2240 44 INC SP A TY DW 1240 lt CR gt gt DW 1240 will initialize the word location at 0 2240H with the value 1240H 5 String constant Initialization ASC ASC String This directive allows the user to enter a string of characters and have these characters translated to ASCII Codes and stored in the memory The string can have a maximum of 160 characters The string must be enclosed within a pair of single quote characters E g 0000 2000 90 XCHG AX AX QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 8 12 WO A ASC ESA lt CR gt gt ASC ESA This source statement will initialize locations 0 2000H 2001H amp 2002H respectively with 45H 53H and 41H Now the assembler will overwrite the original line with the string displayed in op code field 8 6 DISASSEMBLY COMMAND Z ESA 86 88E Moniter provides an extremely useful command viz Disassembly in support of the Symbolic One Line Assembler With the help of this command the user can disassemble a range of memory locations into corresponding Assembly Mnemonics Thus the user can view the program and subsequently verify it even if machine code has been entered directly FORMAT Z lt start address gt lt end address gt lt CR gt OPERATION The command syntax for Disassemb
16. and press lt CR gt The abbreviations for the register names are shown in the table 4 2 Table 4 2 register abbrevations Register Name Abbreviation Accumulator AX Base BX Count CX Data DX Stack pointer SP Base pointer BP Source index SI Code segment CS Data segment DS Stack segment SS Extra segment ES Instruction pointer IP Flag Register FR Program counter PC Destination Index DI Now the monitor will output an equals sign the current contents of the specified register the data prompt character and a space If you wish to change the contents of this register enter the new value following by a comma or carriage return Enter a carriage return terminates the command Entering a comma displays the contents of the next sequential register and opens it for optional modification the register sequence is in the order as shown in the above table This sequence is not circular i e ifa comma is entered after the contents of the last modifiable register viz flagesregister FL is examined modified the command is terminated and the monitor returns to the command entry mode Program counter cannot be modified using this command OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 10 UJO EXAMPLE 1 Examine the contents of all the registers X lt CR gt AX 1182 BX A113 CX 00F DX 1242 SP 0100 BP 4020 SI 6020 DI 6F20 DS 0000 SS 0000 ES 0000 SC 0000 IP 0200 FL F046 PC 0000 In case of stand alone mode operation the displa
17. bank Thus an EPROM is programmed from alternate source bytes i e only bytes form successive even or odd address location used Although 8088 memory space is linear it is organized as even and odd arrays on ESA 86 88E Example For EPROM type 2764 the highest absolute address is 1FFFH Suppose the parameters entered are PROM Type 2764 Buffer Start Segment Offset 2000 Buffer end SFFE PROM Start 100 Then 100 SFFE 2000 2 20FF gt IFFF so this combination of parameters is invalid Hence the error message Invalid Parameters is displayed After correct entry of the paramete values by the user the system checks the EPROM for blank value OFFH for the specified address range During this time the message Blank checking is displayed NOTE The system will check whether the EPROM is blank only in the range specified by the command parameter Thus the user can check if only a particular block of address in the EPROM are blank regardless of whether the EPROM contains data elsewhere Ifthe EPROM is not blank the following appears PROM not blank Non blank at XXXX Where XXXX is the address of the first non blank value found in the device Then the system returns to the EPROM Programmer command prompt Ifthe EPROM is already blank following message appears PROM is blank Blank check completed ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 7 4 AO QA OV Then the system proceeds with programming the device with the data s
18. by DS SI after the conversion DS SI will point to the least significant byte digit FFH Stored in AL register will be unpacked into 3 unpacked BCD digits 2 5 and 5 and will be stored at location 0 3000H 3001H and 3002H respectively assuming DS 0 and SI 3000H Ifthe number is less than 100 64H then the most significant digit is taken to be 0 for e g 63H decimal 99 will be unpacked as 0 9 and 9 FE00 018B ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 9 3 9 2 MONITOR ROUNTINES INDEPENDENT OF OPERATING MODE The following routines are useful for independent contorl of I O devices connected to the trainer These outine can thus be used regardless of the operating mode of ESA 86 88E 1 Name ofroutine Function Calling address 2 Name ofroutine Function Calling address 3 Nameofroutine Function Calling address 4 Name ofroutine Function Calling address AO D OV SER_SEND_STRING Outputs a string of ASCII characters stored in memory to the console The string is indexed by ES SI where is the segment value and SI is the offset address of the starting location of the string The string is terminated by 00H FE00 01AF LCD_SEND_STRING Outputs a string of ASCII Characters stored in memory to the LCD The string is indexed by ES SI where ES is the segment value and SI is the offset address of the starting location of the string The string is terminated by 00H FE00 01CE CLR_LCD Clears the LCD interfaced with
19. capacity to ESA 86 8E and Power ON the trainer Now if 8086 is installed the following sign on message will appear on the LCD The sign on message is followed by the command prompt and th cursor _ in the next line In case of 8088 CPU the sign on message will change accordingly oe 99 OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 2 4 WO ESA 86 MONITOR Vx y KBD P 86 Now ESA 86 88E is ready for operation in the stand alone mode No response in stand alone mode Ifthe trainer does not respond satisfactorily in stand alone mode check the following Ifthe LCD backlight is off check the power supply connections Ifthe display is blank or shows random patterns check the configuration settings If after a normal sign on message there is no response to PC keyboard entries check for proper connectin at the keyboard connector NOTE DIP Switch is read only at Power ON Reset Ifyou change the settings RESET the trainer Ifthe problem still persists please contact the manufacturer ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 2 5 AO D OV CHAPTER 3 COMMUNCATION WITH A HOST COMPUTER SYSTEM 3 1 INTRODUCTION ESA 86 88E operating in the serial mode can be connected to CRT terminal or a host computer system when a computer system is the controlling element it must be executing driver software to communicate with ESA 86 88E ESA 86 88E is supplied with Windows and DOS driver packages which allow the user to establish communication between
20. message on the LCD upon RESET will be ESA 86E MONITOR Vx y SER 4800 P 88 PRN Now ESA 86 88E is ready for operation in Serial mode No respons in serial mode If there is no response from ESA 86 88E in serial mide after installation as described above check the following Power supply connection as required Configuration of ESA 86 88E DIP Switch settings jumpers etc RS 232C cable connections at both the ends and proper connection of all signals of RS 232C interface Ref Appendix E Baudrate configure on trainer should match with that of the serial terminal connected to it Ensure this by setting DIP Switch positions appropriately Also check for othe serial parameters Character length stop bits etc Ifacomputer system is the controlling device check whether the driver program is running and the serial cable is connected to a correct and working serial port Check the message on LCD display modify the serial parameters as required and verify them by pressing RESET key every time a change is made NOTE DIP Switch staus is read only at Power ON Reset If you change the settings RESET the trainer If the problem still persists please contact the manufacturer Stand alone mode opertion 1 Configure the trainer using DIP Switch and jumper as described in the earlier sections 2 Install the 20 x 4 LCD and connect a PC Keyboard to the PS 2 or DIN connector provided 3 Connect the power supply of required
21. of operation and its appropriate configuration is described in chapter 2 It is essential that the trainer should be configured properly for working with it smoothly Getting a proper sign on message upon RESET as explained in the previous chapter is the minimum requirement for working with ESA 86 88E Reset Status On Power ON RESET all information about the previous user program is lost and the registers may acquire new data However the contents of user RAM are not disturbed if onboard RESET is used If the RAM is backed up with battery then the user RAM data is not lost even if power is switched OFF Resetting the trainer initializes the segment amp status registers of the CPU as described below Table 4 1 Register Initialization Resgister Value Hex CS Code segment DS Data segment ES Extra Segment SS Stack segment IP Instruction Pointer FL Flags SP Stack Pointer Further interrupt vectors 1 2 and 3 are initialized as follows Interrupt 1 Single step interrupt This interrupt is used by the monitor for implementing single step command Interrupt 2 NMI non maskable Interrupt This interrup is implemented by the on board KBINT key and the vectoring information is completely user defined Interrupt 3 Breakpoint Interrupt This interrupt is used with Go command and its user is at the user s discretion A detaild disussion of the 8086 8088 interrupt vectors can be found in the Intel s 8086 Hab E
22. starting from the location specifed as buffer Start address into successive odd or even locations Once all the bytes specified in the EPROM range are read the system displays a 16 bit Check Sum of the data read and indicates whether reading is completed QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 7 6 WO Check sum XXXX Reading complete If however all the bytes are not transferred into ESA 86 88E memory space then the system displays the number of bytes read from the EPROM In Hex and a 16 bit check sum of these bytes NNNN as shown below Such a situation is encountered when the buffer range specified is lesser than the EPROM range Note that in this case the message Reading Completed is not displayed NNNN Bytes Read Cheak Sum XXXX The system then returns to the EPROM Programmer command prompt Note Selecting the ESA 86 88E Monitor stack area i e location 0 0 to 0 1 FFFH the buffer may lead to unpredictable results 7 3 3 B BLANK CHECK Command This command is used to check if a specified range in the EPROM is blank contains OFFH Enter B to execute this command This command requires the following parameters PROM type EPROM Type One of the types listed in section 7 1 PROM Start Starting address of the EPROM from where blank checking is to begin PROM End Ending address of the EPROM till which Blank checking is to be done In case of any invalid entry the system displays are error message Invalid Paramete
23. the output to the terminal but does not terminate the command Entering CTRL Q now resumes the output from the point at which it has been stopped Entering CTRL C now terminates the command Note that CTRL S should be followed only with CTRL Q or CTRL C No other console input is allowed following a CTRL S OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 5 WO 2 In Stand alone Mode when working in stand alone mode the LCD is refreshed when the display on row 4 is completd the next display occurs on Row 1 of the LCD In case of commands where large display is involved such as Display Memory the LCD displays a total of 16 bytes or 8 words at one time and waits for the user to enter lt CR gt to proceed with subsequent displays Also thers is an additional lt CR gt re quired in stand alone mode for the monitor to return to command entry prompt However such commads can be terminated at any stage by entering lt Esc gt 4 5 COMMAND DESCRIPTION This section describes the command supported by ESA 86 88E monitor The discussion hold good for either mode of trainer operation unless otherwise mentioned 4 5 1 SUBSTITUTE MEMORY COMMANDS FUNCTION Substitute memory byte S and substitute memory word SW commands are used to examine the contents of the selected memory locations If the contents of the memory location can be midified e g a RAM Location the contents can optionally be modified SYNTAX S lt address gt lt CR gt lt new data gt
24. the trainer in serial mode and a Host PC through its asynchronous communication ports COM 1 or COM 2 Both the packages fully support the ESA 86 88E Serial Monitor commands including file upload and download facilities HEX files generated by PC native and Cross tools can also be downloaded to the trainer using these packages Further the data from ESA 86 88E memory can also be uploaded to the disk file o f the computer The compatiable serial cable for RS 232 C communication is also included in the package 3 2 INSTALLATION a Configure ESA 86 88E for serial mode of operation and set the serial port of ESA 86 88E for 9600 Baud and No parity Refer Chapter 2 b Connect the compute system to ESA 86 88E over the COM 1 COM 2 Serial port using the serial cable provided Refer to your system s Technical Manual for details regarding the definitions using the signal definitions on COM ports The signal definitions of RS 232 C port of ESA 86 88A can be found in Appendix E 3 2 1 INSTALLATION OF WIN 86E Win 86E is a Windows based communiction package for ESA 86 88E trainer that provides a powerful and convenient debugging and deveopment environment to the user The user must install this software from the ESA 86 88E Drivers CD Insert the CD in the available drive and run Setup EXE from the ESA 86 Win 86Es folder the Setup program will guide the user through the rest of the installation procedure once the software is installed successfully W
25. 00 2000 BO 80 MOV AL 80 Initialise all 8255 0000 2002 BA DE FF MOV DX OFFDE port as output 0000 2005 KE OUT DX AL 0000 2006 EB 0D JMP 2015 0000 2008 48 45 4C 4C 4F 20 MES ASC HELLOW WORLD 0000 200E 57 4F 52 4C 44 21 smessage string 0000 2014 00 DB 00 0000 2015 BO 0C START MOV AL 0C Display on no 0000 2017 E81A_ 00 CALL CMD cursor or blinking character 0000 201A BO 01 MOV AL O1 Clear Display 0000 200C E8 15 00 CALL CMD 0000 200F 2E CS 0000 2020 8D 16 08 20 LEA DX MES Set up pointer to 0000 2024 8B DA MOV BX DX Message string 0000 2026 8A 07 STR MOV AL BX 0000 2028 3C 00 CMP AL BX 0000 200A 74 E9 JE START termination 0000 202C E8 1B 00 CALL DWR Call routine to 0000 202F 43 INC BX write data 0000 2030 EB F4 JMP STR 0000 2032 EB E1 JMP STRAT Repeat continuously 0000 2034 BA D8 FF CMD MOV DX 0FFD8 Write into Data 0000 2037 KE OUT DX AL regrister 0000 2038 BA DC FF MOV DX 0FFDC enable Read Write 0000 203B BO 06 MOV AL 06 In Instruction JAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 10 13 NYO 0000 203D 0000 203E 0000 2040 0000 2041 0000 2043 0000 2044 0000 2047 0000 2049 0000 204A 0000 204D 0000 204E 0000 2050 0000 2053 0000 2054 0000 2056 0000 2057 0000 2059 0000 205A 0000 205C 0000 205D 0000 2060 0000 2062 EE BO EE BO EE B9 E2 C3 BA EE BO BA EE BO EE BO EE BO EE B9 E2 C3 08 00 00 80 EE FE D8 FF F4 DC FF F2 FA F2 00 80 FE DY1
26. 000 2505 BE 0030 MOV SI 300 Set up memory Pointer to message 0000 2508 9A F3 01 00 FE CALLS 0FE00 01F3 Call PRINT_STRING 0000 250D CC INT 03 routine and HAD QVO ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL terminate 10 12 Along with the above program enter the following look up table for the message string from location 0 3000H Then execute the program and observe the output string printed by the printer 0000 3000 0A OD 20 20 48 45 4C 4F 57 4F 52 4C 44 21 00 This program makes use of the monitor routine to print the line of characters Alternativaly the user may write programs to output to the printer by using the information given in Section 6 7 10 5 2 Liquid Crystal Display Interface This example illustrates the initialization of the onboard LCD available with ESA 86 88E Trainer The 8255 positioned at U2 control the LCD The details of thle instruction and data word formats for LCD may be obtained from Crystalonics Displays User Manul This program displays the string HELLO WORLD onthe LCD continuously with a specific delay The user can utilize this program as a model to develop his own projects using the LCD This program can be exeuted in either mode of trainer operation Enter the program from 0 2000H location on wards Excute the program and observe the output on the LCD ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 CMD EQU 2034 0000 2000 STR EQU 2026 0000 2000 DWR EQU 204A 0000 2000 MES EQU 2008 00
27. 05C 0000 405F 9A OE 8B C6 9A 31 9A AF EA 00 45 4E 41 20 41 47 00 CALLS O0FE00 010E Call GET_STRING MOV AX SI routine and accept CALLS O0FE00 0031 a message CALLS OFE00 01AF Call 3 SER_SEND_STRING JMPS 0F000 0000 routine to 01 00 FE 00 00 FE 01 00 FE 00 00 FO 54 45 52 20 4D 45 53 53 45 output smesage on the sconsole ORG 4050 Stored message string ASC ENTER A MESSAGE DB 00 Example 3 This program makes use of some conversion routine like ASCII HEX and VALID HEX in addition to other input output routines The program waits for the user to enter a valid ASCII character in HEX If the input is valid 3 1 39 41 46 the program output the equivalent character as a HEX value and repeats the sequence If the user enters any other value the program displays the message INVALID INPUT and returns control to ESA86 88E monitor The program may be exeuted in serial or stand alone mode of operation ADRESS 0000 2000 0000 2003 0000 2005 0000 200A 0000 200D 0000 2012 0000 2017 0000 2019 0000 201B 0000 2020 0000 2022 0000 2024 0000 2026 0000 2028 0000 202A 0000 202D 0000 2032 0000 2034 HAD NYO OBJECT B8 00 SE C0 9A 31 00 B8 00 21 9A 13 00 9A E000 8A E0 8A D8 9A 23 3C 00 74 1B 8A C3 3C 60 77 15 B8 50 21 9A 13 00 8A E3 9A 31 01 CODE LABELS 00 00 FE 00 FE 00 FE 0100 FE 00 FE 00 FE MNEMONICS MOV AX 0000 MOV ES AX CALLS
28. 49 20 2D DB 20 00 ORG 2130 DB 0A OD 56 41 4C 49 ASC INVALID INPUT 49 4E 50 55 DB 00 ORG 2150 DB 0A 0D 58 20 56 41 ASC HEX VALUE 45 20 3D DB 20 00 PROGRAMMING WITH ONBOARD HARDWARE Use of KBINT key This program section illustrates the use of KBINT key provided on the trainer As explained in chapter 5 this key is connected to NMI or Type 2 interrupt of 8086 8088 CPU The user has to provide the vectoring information for this interrupt This program sets the vector locations for the type 2 interrupt and then in a loop The code segment of the ISR is set at location 0 000AH as 0000H and the Instruction Pointer is set at location 0 0008H as 2100H ADDRESS 0000 2000 0000 2003 0000 2005 0000 2008 0000 200A JAD QVO OBJECT CODE B8 08 8B B8 89 B8 F0 00 04 0A 00 21 00 ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS MOV AX 0008 Load ISR offset value MOV SI AX sat 0 0008H MOV AX 2100 MOV SI AX MOV AX 000A Load ISR segment 10 7 0000 200D 8B F0 MOV SI AX value at 0 000AH 0000 200F B8 00 00 MOV AX 0000 0000 2012 89 04 MOV SI AX 0000 2014 8E CO MOV ES AX 0000 2016 B8 50 20 MOV AX 2050 Set up memory pointer 0000 2019 9A 31 00 00 FE CALLS OFE00 0031 Display memory 0000 201E 9A 13 00 00 FE CALLS OFE00 0013 0000 2023 EB FE LP JMP LP Wait for interrupt After entering the above program enter the following interrupt service routine at location 0 2100 H onwa
29. C 02000 0000 2000 051500 ADDW AX 0015 BR AX 002A BX 0000 CX 0000 DX 0000 SP 0100 BP 0000 SI 0000 DI 0000 DS 0000 SS 0000 ES 0000 CS 0000 IP 2003 FL FOO2 PC 02003 0000 2003 27 DAA i BR AX 0030 BX 0000 CX 0000 DX 0000 SP 0100 BP 0000 SI 0000 DI 0000 DS 0000 SS 0000 ES 0000 CS 0000 IP 2003 FL F002 PC 02003 0000 2004 CC INT 03 lt CR gt For further illustration of this command please execute the example program given in Chapter 10 using step command and observe the results 4 5 12 HELP COMMAND H FUNCTION This command lists of all ESA 86 88E Monitor commands with their valid syntax in stand alone mode of trainer operation H lt command mnemonic gt lt CR gt 1 When prompt fora command entry entering H with lt CR gt list ESA 86 88E monitor command with a description of their valid syntax on the LCD Thus the user can use this command as ready reference source on the monitor commands 2 Ifthe command syntax ofa particular command is required then the user should enter H followed by the command mnemionic For e g entering HS with lt CR gt will output the syntax of the Substitute memory command After displaying the command the monitor waits for a user strobe viz lt CR gt to display the next command and its syntax Pressing lt Esc gt will terminate the command and the monitor returns to command entery mode The command syntax appearing with the description of this command is the same as that of the comm
30. Ctrl F1 help Alt F1 Cmd Help Alt S Commn lt Esc gt Clr Cmd Alt X Exit F1 F3 Vv 3 4 5 COMMAND RECALL The feature facilitates recall o f the commands already entered by the user upto a maximum of 16 commands Press lt F3 gt to recall the previous command All the QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 3 5 WO commands are kept in a circular buffer User may use up arrow and down arrow keys to traverse through the sequence of commands in backward or forwaed direction respectivly in a circular fashion user may recall just the previous command character by character by pressing lt F1 gt desired number of times using lt Esc gt key any time before pressing lt CR gt can clear current command being entered 3 46 COMMUNICATION Communication parameters can be set during the session by pressing lt Alt S gt List of parameters and their current values will appear on the screen Select the desired parameter with the help of arrow keys and keep the space bar lt SP gt pressed till the desired value appears The Paramenters that can be set are Communication Port COM 1 COM 2 Baud Rate 110 150 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 Parity bits 7 8 Number of Stop bits 1 2 and parity NONE ODD EVEN After selecting the desired values press lt CR gt to set the parameters or press lt Esc gt to ignore the values Communication parameters can also be modified while user is in DOS by editing the file XT86E INS This file contains si
31. Downloading EXE files and COM files e Ifthe source program in assembly language is assembled using the Macro Assembler MASM and then linked using the Microsoft Linker the resulting object code file will have EXE file structure EXE files have certain limitations in their structure and hence can be converted to COM files which are convenient for executing small programs on PC XT AT Systems under PC DOS MS DOS ESA 86 88E supports downloading of EXE files with total size less than 64K and COM files however after converting them to suitable HEX format The conversions can be accomplished using the following file converter packages available from ESA Pvt Ltd l EXE2HEX COM for converting EXE files to HEX files 2 COM2HEX COM for converting COM files to HEX files Detailed documented information about these converter packages will be supplied with the packages if opted by the user ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 3 93 AO QB OV CHAPTER 4 ESA 86 88E MONITOR COMMANDS ESA 86 88E Microprocessor can be operated either in serial or stand alone mode This chapter describes the serial and keyboard monitor cammands used for working with the trainer Most of the monitor commands in either mode of operation bear uniformity in syntax and operation The following discussion on Monitor command is therefore common to either mode of trainer operation unless otherwise specified 4 1 GENERAL OPERATION Installing ESA 86 88E selecting the mode
32. ELD The next field is the mnemonic field This field can overwrite the label field and always begins with an alphabetic character This field is also used for entering Assembler Directives as source statements The assembler supports the standard INTEL mnemonics for 8086 8088 CPU instructions with some easy to understand modifications in a few cases The detailed syntax of mnemonics and addressing mode supported by ESA 86 88E Symbolic One Line Assembler is given at the end ofthis chapter QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 8 7 WO 8 3 3 OPERAND FIELD The operand field follows the label and mnemonic fields This field holds the operands specific to the instruction An instruction may or may not have an operand at all The operands can be register symbols data addresses or labels This assembler supports all standard addressing modes of 8086 8088 CPU Please refer to the Mnemonic syntax description the disussion on labels and programming example given in the manual to get familiar with the mnemonic and operand syntax supported by this Assembler Labels can be used in the operand field provided that they are been already defined 8 3 4 SEGMENT OVERRIDE OPTION Segment override option can be exercised by giving the segment register instruction prior to the actual instruction e g MOV ES S1 AL instruction specifies a byte movement with the segment register ES overriding the default segment register DS To realize this instrution in the prese
33. ELS MNEMONICS 0000 2000 0000 2003 0000 2006 0000 2008 0000 200B 0000 200D 0000 200E 0000 200F 0000 2011 0000 2014 0000 2016 0000 2019 0000 201B 0000 201C 0000 2020 0000 2022 0000 2024 0000 2026 0000 2028 B8 00 BE 20 8E C8 B9 05 03 04 46 46 E2 FA B9 05 F7 Fi BE 30 89 04 CC 00 20 00 00 20 MOV AX 0000 MOV SI 2020 MOV CS AX MOV CX 05 BAK ADD AX SR INC SI INC SI LOOP BAK MOV CX 05 DIV CX MOV S1 2030 MOV SI AX INT 03 ORG 2020 DW 1000 DW 2000 DW 3000 DW 4000 DW 5000 COMMENTS Initialize segment registers Load Count and add the words sequentially Divide Sum by count Store Computed average in memory Data Words stored sat 0 2020H This program will compute the average of 5 data words entered at locations 0 2020H onwards The results is stored at memoery location 0 2030H Examine the contents of the word location RESULT 2030H For the entries shown in the program the result will be 3000H Example 2 The following program exchanges two blocks of data stored in memory using the powerful string instructions of 8086 8088 This program exchanges 1 FH bytes from 0 3000H and 0 3200H onwards The user can use this program with necessary modifications to exchange data blocks of desired size between desired locations ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS 0000 2000 0000 2003 0000 2006 0000 2009 0000 200B 0000 200D 0000 2010 0000 2011 0000 2012 HAD QVO
34. Hence entry of any other command at this stage will result in an error A carriage return after executing an instruction terminate the command and returns the monitor to command entry mode Modification of any memory or register contents can be done whike single stepping through a program only by using a lt CR gt However since the current command is terminated the user will have to re enter the single step command and proceed RESTRICTIONS l An insturction that is part of a sequence of instructions that switches between stack sigments i e changes the SS and SP register contents cannot be excuted using single step cmmand Ifan interrupt occurs while executing an instruction using single step command or if the execution of that instruction generates and interrupt then CS and IP registers will contain the address of the interrupt service routine Consequently a type 3 Breakpoint interrupt insturction CCH should not be executed using single step commad since its execution will cause the program execution sequence to enter into the Monitor Program EXAMPLES 1 Single stepping a program from location 0000 2000H onwards The program considered here adds a value of 15h to the accummulator contents and adjusts the result to obtain the BCD value N lt CR gt N 0000 0000 2000 QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 20 WO AX 0015 BX 0000 CX 0000 DX 0000 SP 0100 BP 0000 SI 0000 DI 0000 DS 0000 SS 0000 ES 0000 CS 0000 IP 2000 FL 0000 P
35. LBYTE AND FILL WORD COMMADS FUNCTION QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 12 WO This command is used to fill a block of memory with constant byte or word data SYNTAX F lt start address gt lt end address gt lt byte value gt lt CR gt FW lt start address gt lt end address gt lt word value gt lt CR gt OPERATION 1 Bothcommads operate in a similar way Enter F to fill byte or FW to fill word when prompted for command entry then the starting address of the block of memory to be filled followed by comma and ending address of the block 2 After entering the address parameters a comma followed by the byte or word data should be entered Pressing lt CR gt now executes the command and the monitor returns to the command entry mode 3 Theuser may check the validity of this command by using Display MEmory command as described above Note The command will accept the last two Hex characters as vaild data in case of byte operation and the last four valid Hex characters as word data during the respective operation If less than four characters are entered in case of word operation the commad assumes the upper nibbles not entered to be 0 EXAMPLES 1 Filling the memory locations from 0 2000 to 0 2050 with constant data byte 55 F0 2000 2050 55 lt CR gt 2 Filling the memory locations from 0 5000 to 0 6000 with constant word data 1234 FW0 5000 6000 1234 lt CR gt 3 Filling the memory location from 0 5000 to 0 6000 with constant wo
36. MPONENT HANDBOOK VOLIAND II While every effort has been made to present the information in an accurate and simple fashion we do welcome suggestion for improving the quality and usefulness of this manual Please address all your correspondence to ELECTRO SYSTEMS ASSOCIATES PVT LTD 4215 J K Complex First Main Road Subramanyanagar P O Box 2139 Banglore 560 021 INDIA Phone 91 80 23577924 FAX 91 80 23475615 E mail info esaindia com www esaindia com CHAPTER 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 CHAPTER2 2 1 2 2 23 2 3 2 3 2 2 4 2 5 2 6 CHAPTER3 3 1 3 2 3 2 1 3 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 4 1 3 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 5 3 4 6 3 4 7 3 5 3 6 CHAPTER 4 4 1 4 2 4 2 1 4 2 2 4 2 3 4 3 4 3 1 4 4 4 5 4 5 1 4 5 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO ESA 86 88E System Capabilites Specifications Scope of Supply CONFIGURATION AND INSTALLATION ESA 86 88E Configuration CPU Selection Operating Mode Baud Rate Selection Printer Enable Disable 8087 Installation Memory Selection Installation of ESA 86 88 E COMMUNICATION WITH A HOST COMPUTER SYSTEM Introduction Installation Installation of WIN 86E Installation of XT 86E Returning to DOS Operation Details Download Operation Upload Operation DOS Commands Status Line Command Recall Communication Help Inter Extended HEX Format Using Cross Assembler ESA 86 88E MONITOR COMMANDS General Operation Structure of Monitor Commands Rules of Parameter Comman
37. OFE00 0031 MOV AX 2100 CALLS 0FE00 0013 CALLS OFE00 00E0 MOV AH AL MOV BL AL CALLS 0FE0 0123 CMP AL 00 JE INV MOV AL BL CMP AL 60 JNBE INV MOV AX 2150 CALLS 0FE00 0013 MOV AH BL CALLS 0FE00 0131 ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL COMMENTS Initialize segment register scallout_crlf sto display on new sline display message using sOUT_STRING routine use get_word sroutine to read user input scheck if user i p is a valid HEX character jin ASCII using valid_hex routine display massage sif input is valid convert ASCII value to hex using hex_ASCII 10 6 ADRESS 0000 2039 0000 203E 0000 203F 0000 2042 0000 2047 0000 2100 0000 2106 0000 210C 0000 2112 0000 2118 0000 211E 0000 2124 0000 2130 0000 2132 0000 2138 0000 213E 0000 213F 0000 2140 0000 2150 0000 2152 0000 2158 0000 215D 10 3 10 3 1 OBJECT 9A 52 00 CC B8 30 21 9A 13 00 cC 45 4E 56 41 48 45 41 52 52 20 53 43 20 00 0A 0D 49 4E 44 20 54 00 0A 0D 48 45 4C 55 20 00 CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS routine 00 FE CALLS 0FE00 0052 Output binary value INT 3 Save regs and exit INV MOV AX 2130 If user i p is Invalid 00 FE CALLS OFE00 0013 display appropriate JMP 2000 Message and repeat CRG 2100 Display message strings in memory 54 45 52 20 ASC ENTER VALID HEX CHARACTER IN ASCII 4C 49 44 20 58 20 43 48 41 43 54 45 49 4E 20 41 49
38. PREFACE This is the user maunal for ESA86 88 E an economical version of our advanced and popualar microprocessor trainer ESA 86 88 2 The manual describes the hardware and software componets of ESA 86E and gives the necessary information for interfacing and expanding the systerm This manual describes in detail the features offered by ESA 86 88 E Monitor for stand alone and Serial Mode of operations Symbolic one line Assemble Desassember and debugging features like Single Stepping and Breakpoints Onboard peripherals and interface features like PPIs USART Timer Parallel Printer interface LCD Interfacing and ESA EPROM Programmer interface etc are also discussed in detail in this manual This document also contains information about communicating with a Host computer System CRT terminal using RS 232C Inteface the manual is supplement with appemdices containing of useful information about the System Connectors ASCII character set Instruction look up table for Numeric Data Processor and a summary of serial communication details Complete Schematics and related drawings are also provided in the Appendices Please note that this volume is a user guide for ESA 86 88 E and as such does not deal elaborately with the features of 8086 8088 processor and related peripheral and their programming Details ragarding these can be obtained from the following INTEL publications iAPX 86 186 USER S MANUAL 8086 FAMILY USER S MANUAL MICRO SYSTEMS CO
39. PROM Start 0000 1800 lt CR gt Blank Checking PROM is blank Blank Check completed Programming Programming Commpleted Check Sun 0FC2 Now the programming is complete and the system returns to EPROM Progrmmer command prompt 7 3 2 R READ Command This command is used to transfer the contents of the EPROM into the ESA 86 88E memory space Enter R to execute this command This command requires the following parameters PROM Type EPROM Type one of the types listed in section 7 1 PROM Start Absolute starting address of the EPROM from where reading is to begin PROM End Absolute ending address of the EPROM till which address to be read Buffer Start Starting address in ESA 86 88E memory space This value can be an offset only a default and fixed Segment value 000H is used The default Offset is set at 2000H such that the Buffer Start value will point to the user RAM area The offset value can however be modified by the user In case of any invalid entry the system displays an error message Invalid Parameters and prompts for the parameter again The parameters must satisfy the following relations i PROM Start lt Absolute end address of the EPROM ii PROM End lt Absolute end address of the EPROM and gt PROM Start if all parameters are entered correctly the system proceeds with reading the device and displays Reading The EPROM data is transferred into ESA 86 88E memory
40. R MANUAL itialize segment sregisters sInitialize Pointer Load count value Load byte Check 10 bytes in all Compare current value with next vlaue If next value is slarger load it in AL Repeat the process Return to monitor Enter the above program in memory and store a string of 10 bytes starting from 0 2100H location Execute the program from its starting address 0 2000H and check the results The user may then modify the program taking into account a string of word values 10 4 10 2 ILLUSTRATION OF ESA 86 88E MONITOR ROUTINES These examples make use of some of ESA 86 88E monitor routines listed in Chapter 9 It is recommended that the user go through these routines to get familiar with the usage of these routines Example 1 Program to display a message HELLO WORLD This program stores the HEX equivalent of the ASCII characters inAL register from memory indexed by SI register The program makes use of OUT CHAR and GET_CHAR routines If the program is excuted in serial mode the message is displayed on the console In case the program is executed in stand alone mode then the output can be observed on the LCD Then the program waits for the user to enter any key after which it returns to the monitor ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 BE 00 25 MOV SI 2500 Set up memory 0000 2003 B1 0E MOV CL 0E pointer and count 0000 2005 8A 04 MOV AL SI 0000 2007 9A 00 00 00 FE CALLS OFE00
41. SA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 1 WO family user s manual chapter 2 Processor Control and Monitoring interrupts PP 2 22 2 28 Whenever the monitor is re entered as a result of a single step or brealpoint interrupt the monitor saves the contents of the 8086 8088 registers on the user stack and subsequently restores the register contents from the stack before it prompts for command entry Since the SP register is intialized to 0100H and memory loctions 0H CFH are reserved for monitor the stack length reserved for the user is 48 bytes i e location DOH FFH Of these 26 byte must be left for register contents should one of the above interrupts occur leavin 22 bytes for the user In addition locations 100H to IFFFH are used for other system functuons and system tables Hence the user RAM starts form 0 2000H 4 2 STRUCTURE OF MOINTOR COMMANDS When the monitor is ready to accept a command from the user it output a period as the command prompt character at the beginning of a new line The commands entered by the user consist of one or two character command mnemonic followed by a list of command parameters This list may be up to three parameters long depending on the command being used when more than one parameter is required a single comma is used between the parameters as a separator A command is terminated either by carriage return or by escape depending on the command itself Commands are executed one at time and only one com
42. VR MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV DEC JZ MOV JMP MOV MOV INT CS AX DS AX S1 300 AL SI BL SI BL OVR SI BL MULW SI NXT DI 3100 DI AX 03 sregisters Load value from s memory ssave value and sub for repetitive smultiplication Store Computed svalue in memory After enetering the above program in memory store the number whose factorial is to be computed at location 0 3000H Then execute the program from its starting 0 2000H and check for the computed value at location 0 3100H The factorial will be in HEX format Theuser is urged to modify the program taking into account the carry generated during multiplication of larger numbers and verify the results Example5 This program finds the largest value in a string of data bytes The string of bytes is pointed by SI register BH register holds the count value and the result is store in AL register ADDRESS 0000 2000 0000 2003 0000 2005 0000 2008 0000 200A 0000 200C 0000 200D 0000 200F 0000 2011 0000 2013 0000 2015 0000 2017 0000 2019 0000 201B HAD Wu OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS B8 8E BE B7 8A 46 FE 74 8A 3A 77 8A EB CC 00 00 C8 00 21 0A 04 CF 0A 1C C3 FS C3 F1 MOY AX 0000 In NXT OVR MOV MOV MOV MOV INC DEC JZ MOV CMP JNBE MOV JMP INT CS AX SI 2100 BH 0A AL SI SI BH 201B BL SI AL BL NXT AL BL NXT 03 ESA 86 88E USE
43. XT86E are in the INTEL Extended hex format In this format binnary values are coded in ASCII for example the binary value 0100 1111 4FH is coded as two ASCII characters 4 AND F In other words the byte 4FH is represented by two bytes 341 4 in ASCII and 46H fin ascii Thus this representation requires by two bytes 34H 4in ASCII and 46H F in ASCII Thus this repesentation requires twice as many bytes as required by binary representation A file in extended hex format can consist of upto four types for records Each record begins witha record field containing 3AH the ASCII Code for colon This is followed by a RECORD LENGTH filed which specifies the number of bytes of information that follow in the record is 255 After the data the record has a checksum field that contains the ASCII representation of the two s complement of the eight bit sum of the bytes that result from converting each pair of ASCII hexadecimal digits to one byte of binary from and including data field the RECORD LENGTH field to and including the CHECKSUM field is zero the record ends with carriage return line feed sequence ODH OAH The four types of records that may be present ina file of extended Hex format are Extended Address Record Start Address Record Data Record End of File Record gt Extended Address Record ZERO es 66 02 69 0000 02 This record is used to specify the bits 19 4 of the Segment Base A
44. able on the header J9 Refer to the connector details in Appendix B The I O address assignments can be found in the earlier section 6 4 SERIALINTERFACE CONTROLLER Serial communication in ESA 86 88E microprocessor trainer is implemented using 8251A USART The trainer firmware initializes the 8251A for full duplex asynchronous operation 2 stop bits No parity check and baud rate factor of 16x clock The clock for 8251 A is generated using a 6 144 MHz crystal The Baud clock or Transmit Receive clock is derived from Timer 0 of 8253 as described earlier ESA 86 88E Trainer supports RS 232 C serial communication standard A 5V powered RS 232 driver receiver generates the standard voltage levels I O address assignments of the8251A registers are given earlier in this chapter 6 5 8042 UNIVERSAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE ESA 86 88E Trainer support can be interfaced with a PC ASCH keyboard for stand alone mode of operation The keyboard interface is controlled by an 8042 Universal Peripheral Interface microcom puter The UPI is a general purpose device that allows the user to develop customized solutions for peripheral device control The I O addresses for 8042 UPI are given earlier in this chapter The UPI uses clock QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 6 2 WO inputs from the PCLK output of the clock generator 8284 The command status port of 8042 gives the status of keyboard input The keyboard input can be read by polling the status of output buffer reg
45. aligned with the bottom row i e top two rows of zip socket are to be left blank the system uses Intelligent Programmin Algorithm whenever possible thus reducing the programming time significantly the devices supported by the system their programming voltages and the type number to be entered by the user are listed below the device selection is totally software controlled No hardware change are necessary for working with any of these devies Vpp Pin No Type Device Programming on zip Number to EPROM Votage Vpp Socket be entered 2716 2732 2732 D 2732 A 2764 27C64 2764A 27128 27128A 27C128 27256 27C256 27256 27512 27C512 NOTE 1 ESA EPROM Programmer interface is optionally available with ESA 86 88E and is not part of the default scope of supply Please contact the manufacturer for further details QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 7 1 WO 2 The description given in this chapter holds good for either mode of trainer operation The output of the commands are described as they would appear on the console in serial mode while running the dos driver package XT863 EXE The only difference that would occur in the stand alone mode of operation would be in the output formatting on the LCD 7 2 INSTALLATION 1 Turn off power to ESA 86 88E trainer 2 Attach the hardware module to ESA 86 88E over the connector J4 using the 26 core ribbon cable supplied with the module 3 Connect the black yellow and blue wires coming fr
46. als the Logic implemented by US as follows CPU DEN A0 CORRECTED ENABLEFOR BHE Upper Data Lower data Swap Bus Buffer bus buffer Buffer 8086 HIGH X X NO NO NO LOW LOW LOW YES YES NO LOW LOW MGH NO YES NO LOW LOW HIGH YES NO NO 8088 HIGH X X NO NO NO LOW LOW HIGH NO YES NO LOW HIGH LOW NO NO YES X Don tcare the combinations not shown above never occur 5 2 SYSTEM TIMING The time base for CPU operation is derived from an 8284 A Clock Generator The CPU may be operated at a frequency of SMHz which is the clock output from the clock generator with 33 duty cycle the clock generator also generates clock output PCLK with 50 duty cycle This clock frequency is 2 5 Mhz when the 8284 input is from the 15MHz crystal The 8284 clock generator also generates synchronous Ready and Reset signals to the CPU OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 5 0 WO The serial interface controller 8251A USART user a separate crystal of 6 144 MHz as its clock frequency source the clock dividing circuit implemented using 7474 IC at U19 gives a clock frequency of 3 072 MHz to the USART and 1 536 Mhz to timer 0 of 8253 which is used to generate the Baud Clock 5 3 MEMORY ADDRESSING ESA 86 88E has four 28 pin JEDEC compatible slots labeled as U 17 U18 amp U25 U26 for memory ICs Sockets U17 amp U25 are populated with system firmware using EPROMs 27256 32Kx2 64K or 27512 64K x2 128K Sockets U18 amp U26 are populated with static RAMs 62256 32k
47. and Help appearing in serial Mode of Operation 4 6 MORE MONITOR COMMANDS OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 21 UJO 1 Refer chapte 7 of this manual for a detailed description of ESA 86 88E EPROM programmer system invoked by the following command P invoke Programmer P lt CR gt The EPROM Programmer software supports commands to Read Blank check Verify and or Program the popular EPROM 2716 through 27512 using the ESA EPROM Programmer interface which may be optionally obtained from the manufacturer 2 Refer chapter 8 of this manual for a detailed description of ESA 86 88E Symbolic one line Assembler and a discussion of the following monitor commands in support of this assembler A invoke Assembler A address gt lt CR gt LL list lables LL lt CR gt LC Clear labels LC lt CR gt Z Disassembly Z lt start address gt lt end address gt lt CR gt This chapter described the use of most of the commands of ESA 86 88E monitor It is urged that the user go through this chapter carefull to become familiar with the ESA 86 88E system Commands related to the EPROM PROGRAMMER are discussed in chapter 7 while those related to the assembler and disaddembly are duscussed in chapter 8 ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 22 AO D OV CHAPTER 5 SYSTEM DISIGN DETAILS AND MEMORY ADDRESSING This chapter gives an insight into the hardware design details of ESA 86 88E Microprocessor trainer The onboard interfacing options and external interfac
48. ata HAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 16 WO a Entering a value for the offset of the second address such that the range of locations left in the segment from this offset does not match the range to be compared 4 5 9 GO Execution COMMAND FUNCTION Go G Command is used to transfer CPU Exeution from the Monitor t user program SYNTAX G lt CR gt lt start address gt lt breakpoint address gt lt CR gt OPERATION 1 To use this command enter G when prompted for command entry followed by a lt CR gt The monitor now outputs the current CS and IP register contents in the Segment Offset format Ifthe user wishes to start program execution from an alternate starting address the user has to enter the same Segment specification is not necessary if the segment value of the program start address is the current code segment The user may use the breakpoint facility by entering a comma followed by a breakpoint address at which program execution needs to be stopped no segment value is permitted with breakpoint address Thus the default segment value for the breakpoint address Thus the default segment for the breakpoint address is either the segment specified with the start address or the current CS register content ifa segment value is not specified To transfer the cpu Exceution from monitor program to user program enter the user program starting address as mentioned in the Step1 User program termination is entirel
49. backward references only In addition to the standard instruction mnemonics ESA 86 88E symbolic One Line Assembler Supports some useful Assembler directives Pesudo op codes These directives can be used to set the origin define symbolic constant initialize byte word and string values and to reserve memory space 8 2 ASSEMBLY COMMADN A 8 2 1 FORMAT AND OPERATION The command syntax for invoking ESA 86 88E Symbolic one line assembler is A lt address gt lt CR gt The Assembly command has a single optional command parameter which is the assembly address for source instructions when prompted for command entry enter A followed by the assembly address and lt CR gt Now the monitor will transfer control to the Assembler and the user can enter any of the 8086 8088 CPU instructions or directives supported by this Assembler These commands and directives are described in detail in later sections NOTES il The assembly address is optional and if entered the assembler will start assembling source statements from this address In case no address is entered the assembler will use the current content of the CS and IP registers as the effective address for assembly ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 8 1 AO D OV 2 While using the Assembler the user must enter source statements programs only in the User RAM area starting from location 2000H Entering program in reserved location may lead to unpredictable results 3 Other ESA 86 88E m
50. ch fails it will search the path given by the DOS environment variable INIT Ifthe file is not present the following message is displayed XT86 INS NOT FOUND SERIAL PARAMETERS ARE SET TO COM 1 9600 8 2 NONE DO YOU WANT TO CHANGE YES NO If option No is selected the communication parameters serial port COM 1 Baud 9600 Data bits 8 Stop bits 2 and parity none are set If option yes is selected the Communication Parameters can be interactively modified as described in section 3 4 6 Now XT86E attempts to establish communication between the computer and ESA86 88E If successful c6 99 the command prompt appears on the screen subsequently during the Power ON or RESET the following sign message appears on the screen followed by the command prompt ESA 86E MONITOR Vx y or ESA 88E MONITOR Vx y QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 3 2 WO If communication fails then the console will display Unable to transmit data Retry Ignore Serial Pars If ESA 86 88E is not powered on power it on and press lt R gt to retry establishing the communiction check the configuration and setting of the trainer and retry pressing lt I gt will exit XT86E to DOS pressing lt S gt will allow the user to change the serial parameters of the Host system if communication is still not established check for the following Ensure that ESA 86 88E is conneted to the correct COM PORT and that the COM port is functiining properly Ensure t
51. cimmand displays a and returns to command entry mode 4 3 ESA 86 88E MONITOR COMMANDS The Monitor commands in both serial and stand alone mode are similar and the following discussion holds good for trainer operation in either mode These commands are summarized in the following table and are described in detail in later sections In both the table and individual command descriptions the following notation is used V indicates that V is optional V indicates one or more optional occurrences of V lt V gt indicates that V is a parameter to be entered by the user indicates that either of the two characters is to be entered NOTE Thes symbols are used to clarifyl the command formats and they are neither to be entered by the user nor output by the system OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 3 WO In the descripiton of the individual commands it is assumed that 8086 CPU has been installed However all the commands work in identical fashion even if 8088 CPU is installed The only observable difference would be in the sign on messsage generated by the system following Power ON RESET 4 3 1 SUMMARY OF ESA 86 88 MONITOR COMMADS COMMAND FUNCTION FORMAT SYNTAX Substitude memory bytes S lt address gt lt CR gt lt new data gt lt CR gt Displays modifies memory bytes Substitude memory Words S lt address gt lt CR gt lt new data gt lt CR gt Displays Modifies memory in byte
52. corresponding parameters AO QB OV Z 200 30 40 lt CR gt 0200 0030 MOV DX FFE7 BA E7 FF lt CR gt 0200 0033 NOT AX F7 DO lt CR gt ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 8 14 8 7 0200 0035 XCHG AX DX 92 lt CR gt 0200 0036 MOV CX 0001 B9 01 00 lt CR gt 0200 0039 SAR BL CL D2 FB lt CR gt 0200 003B CALLS FB00 1000 9A 00 10 00 FB lt CR gt 0200 0040 INT 03 CC lt CR gt Since the end address offset specified with the command is relative to the segment value of the start address this command can disassemble and display a maximum of 64K of machine code in a single operation Specifying an end address offset value lesser than the start address offset results in an error ADDERSSING MODES ESA 86 88E Symbolic One Line assembler supports all the addressing mode of 8086 8088 the syntax to be followed for the various addressing modes is summarized as follows Please refer Appendix F for the list of Instruction mnemonics and the syntax supported by the assembler NOTE Base Register BX or BP Index Register SI or DI Base Displacement BX SI DI or BP followed by value or label Base Index BX SI BX DI BP S or BP DI Immediate data VALUE or LABEL Direct addressing SI DI VALUE or LABEL Displacement Base Index BX SI VALUE or BX SI LABEL HIG QVO ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 8 15 AO OV All numerical values are at hexadecimal base Label when used must have def
53. d J5 respectively The user may connect any interface module compatible to these connectors and program the corresponding PPI to work with the interface The addresses of control and data port are given in Chapter 6 Note that the 8255 at U20 and its corresponding connector is supplied only if the user opts of it This is a demonstration program for Stepper Motor Interface assumed to be connected over connector J4 of the trainer correspinding to 8255 PPI Low The interface can be obtained from ESA Pvt Ltd Bangalore as an option ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 BA E6 FF MOV DX 0FFE6 sInitialize all 8255 0000 2003 BO 80 MOV AL 80 Ports as output 0000 2005 EE OUT DX AL 0000 2006 BA EO FF OUT DX 0FFEO 0000 2009 BO 88 MOV AL 88 Output data to ports 0000 200B EE OUT DxX AL 0000 200C E8 04 00 CALL 2013 Introduce delay 0000 200F DO C8 ROR AL 1 Rotate data byte for 0000 2011 EB F8 JMP 200B rotation of motor 0000 2013 B9 00 40 MOV CX 4000 Delay subroutine 0000 2016 E2 FE RPT LOOP RPT 0000 2018 C3 RET JAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 10 9 NYO Enter the program from 0 2000H onwards execute it from this location and observe the behavior of the stepper motor Change the data byte at 0 2010 from C8H to COH and observe the results 10 4 USE OF 8087 CO PROCESSOR ESA 86 88E provides direct support for an optional Numeric Data processor 8087 To utilize this feature the user has to simple install 8087 IC in the socket p
54. d peripheral interfaces and their applications along with the I O address map This chapter also includes peripheral details and summary of ESA 86 88E Trainer connectors 8255A Programmable Peripheral Interface 8253 Programmable Interval Timer 8251 A USART 8042 Universal Peripheral Interface LCD Interface Parallel Printer Interface 6 1 I O ADDRESSING AND I O MAP I O decoding is implemented using the decoding IC at U9 The following table summarizes the I O mapped I O address assignments and usage of all ESA 86 88E peripherals Refer Appendix C for Component Layout PERIPHERAL PORT ADDR DEVICE RESGISTER USAGE 8251A USART FFF2 Command status port Serial via at U10 FFFO Data port RS 232 C interface 8255 1 PPI FFE7 Control Port High at U20 FFE High portA 24 I O lines available to FFE3 High port B user for interfacing FFES High port C 8255 2 PPI to FFE6 Control Port 24 I O lines available Low at U1 FFEO Low port A user for interfacing FFE2 Low port B and parallel FFE4 Low port C Printer Interfacing 8253 PIT FFFF Command Port Timer 0 used for Baud clock at U8 PEED TIMER 0 generation FFFB TIMER 21 Timer 1 and 2 are FFFD TIMER 2 available to user 8255 3 at U2 FFDE Control Port FFD8 PortA I O lines used for interfacing FFDA Port B LCD and to read DIP switch QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 6 1 WO FFDC Port C 8042 UPI at U3 FFEB Command Port Interfacing with PC keyboard FFE9 Data Port in stand alone mode operation
55. ddress SBA where bits 3 0 are zero Bits 19 4 ofthe SBA are referred to as the Upper Segment Base Address USBA Subsequent data bytes are loaded at the specified offsets Relative to this USBA The Extended Address Record may appear anywhere within the file This value remains in effect until another Extended Address Record is encountered Example Record 02 0000 02 0200 FA 02 0000 02 0200 FA 00 checksum validity QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 3 7 WO USBA 0200H For example third byte in a subsequent data record with a load address of 0100H is loaded at 0200 102 Data Record RECE MARK LEN ADDRESS TYPE SUM The data record provides a set of ASCII characters that represent the hex digits of the data bytes The method of loading these data bytes has already been described in the discussion of the extended address Record Example Record 06 00 10 00 BA FF FF BO 40 90 B2 06 00 10 00 BA FF FF B0 40 90 B2 00 check sum validity Load address 0010 amp Number of data bytes 06 Assume the USBA Currently valid is 0200 then the data is to be loaded as shown below 0200 0010 BA 0200 0011 FF 0200 0012 FF 0200 0013 B0 0200 0014 40 0200 0015 90 Start Address Record y 0000 The start address record is used to specify the execution start address for the object file This record can appear anywhere in the HEX file Ifthe start address is not present CS and IP values will remain what they were befo
56. ds Use of Operators and Registers in Parameter Specifications Response to Errors ESA 86 88E Monitor Commands Summary of ESA 86 88 Monitor Commands Command Output Control Commands Description Substitute Memory Commands Display Memory Commands Page Nos l 1 1 2 1 4 NNNNNNDN WY it Ff 4 1 1 WNNNNR RK ODNDDDW NNN BW WD WD RR RR eoe e e e e e opeope pei NDAD NAW W WN NY 4 5 3 4 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 6 4 5 7 4 5 8 4 5 9 4 5 10 4 5 11 4 5 12 4 6 CHAPTERS 5 1 5 1 1 5 1 2 5 1 3 5 1 4 5 1 5 5 2 5 3 Sal 5 4 ao 5 6 CHAPTER 6 6 1 6 2 63 6 4 6 5 6 6 6 7 6 7 1 6 7 2 6 7 3 6 7 4 6 7 5 6 7 6 6 8 CHAPTER7 7 1 TZ Ta Examine Modify Register Commands Move Memory Commands Fill Byte and Fill Word Commands Input Byte and Input Word Commands Output Byte ans Output Word Commands Compare Memory Command Go Execution Command Breakpoint Facility Single Step Command Help Command More Monitor Commands SYSTEM DESIGN DETAILS AND MEMORY ADDRESSING CPU CPU Reset CPU Clock CPU Address Bus Corrected BHE CPU Data Bus System Timing Memory Addressing Memory Map Interrupt System 8087 Numeric Data Processor Bus Expansion ONBOAD PERIPHERALS T O Addressing and I O Map Programmable Peripheral Interfaces Programmable Interval Timer Serial Interface Controller USART 8042 Universal Peripheral Interface LCD Interface Parallel Printer Interface Configuration and Operation Theor
57. e address location referenced by R1 if R1 is defined at 0 2500H then executing this instruction will transfer 2500H to AX register ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 8 8 AO QB OV 2 The instruction MOV AX R1 will move the contents at the location reference by R1 3 The source statement ORG R1 will direct the assembler to begin assembly from location referenced by R1 4 The same holds true for branching instructions viz LOOP and JUMP 8 4 LABEL COMMANDS ESA 86 88E Monitor provides two support commands for the assembler pertaining to usage of labels The commands are briefly discussed here 1 LABELCLEAR LC This command clears all labels from the symbol table in the system memory FORMAT amp OPERATION LC lt CR gt To use this command in either mode of operation the user has to enter LC followed by a lt CR gt This command will clear the symbol table and all label definitions generated in the earlier invocations of the assembler are lost If this command is not used earlier label definitions will remain valid for this session and until the command is used It is urged that this function be used whenever a fresh session with the trainer is begun especially before invoking the assembler for the first time This function will clear all random lable assignments 2 LIST LABELS LL This command output the total count of label definitions in the symbol table and lists them FORMAT amp OPERATION LL lt CR gt To use this command in eith
58. e after displaying one location the instruction and the machine code at that location and then either returns to command prompt or refreshes the LCD and displays the next disassembled location the instruction and the respective code In serial mode the entire specified memory range is disassembled and displayed as a continuous list after which the monitor return to command prompt In serial mode operation display control commands viz lt Ctrl S gt lt Ctrl Q gt and lt Ctrl S gt can be used to control the output flow to the console Refer Section 4 4 The labels or symbols defined during assembly are not displayed during the disassembly appropriate address references or values defined using symbolic constants replace the labels and symbols defined EXAMPLES 1 Disassembling the Hex code at location 0000 2000H Assume CS content is previously set to 0000 in serial mode ofoperation Z 2000 lt CR gt 0000 2000 92 XCHG AX DX Disassembling a range of memory location from 0200 0030H to 0200 0040H Z 200 30 40 lt CR gt 0200 0030 BA E7 FF MOV DX FFE7 0200 0033 F7 DO NOT AX 0200 0035 92 XCHGAX DX 0200 0036 B9 01 00 MOV CX 0001 0200 0039 D2 FB SAR BL CL 0200 003B 9A 00 10 00 FB CALLS FB00 1000 0200 0040 CC INT 03 In stand alone mode of operation the output for the same command will be in the pattern described below As mentioned earlier the monitor waits for a user strobe after diassembling and displaying one location and its
59. e current instruction at that address This is followed by the machine code for that instruction and the assembly prompt A on the next line A lt CR gt 0000 2000 INC AL FE CO A 2 Invoking the ESA 86 88E Symbolic One line Assembler with a specific address A 0 2500 lt CR gt 0000 2500 8B C3 MOV AX BX A The output on the LCD in case of stand alone mode of operation will be as follows A 0 2500 lt CR gt 0000 2500 MOV AX BX 8B C3 A 3 Writing a small program using ESA 86 88E Symbolic One line Assembler This example illustrates the use of the assembler in Serial Mode to write a small program Some common errors are also described in the example and explanation pertaining to these errors and display format is given at the end of the example A lt CR gt 0000 0000 00 00 AND BX SI AI A ORG 2000 lt CR gt 0000 2000 E0 E9 LOOPNE 1FEB A MOVAX AABB lt CR gt Invaild Operands 0000 2000 E0 E9 LOOPNE 1FEB A MOVAX AABB lt CR gt gt B8 BB AA 0000 2003 BO 90 MOV AL 90 A MOV BX 2222 lt CR gt gt B8 22 22 QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 8 3 WO 0000 2006 03 C3 ADD AX BX A lt CR gt 0000 2008 50 PUSH AX A 1VAL DB 10 Lables should start with Alphabet 0000 2008 50 PUSH AX A VALUE DB 10 lt CR gt gt DB 10 0000 2009 FB STI A MOV CL VAL lt CR gt gt 8A OE 06 20 0000 200D 26 ES A UP INC BX lt CR gt Invalid Mnemonic 0000 200D 26 ES A UP INC BX lt CR gt gt 43 0000
60. e instruction of a program After the excution of single instruction CPU control is returned to the monitor from the program being executed SYNTAX N lt CR gt lt start address gt lt new address gt lt CR gt QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 19 WO OPERATION l 2 To use the single step command enter N and with lt CR gt when prompted for command entry The monitor will display the current contents of CS amp IP registers in Segment Offset format Ifthe execution ofan instruction at an address other than the displayed address is required the user has to enter a start address The segment value of the start address is implied to be the same as the current value of the CS register unless it is explicity entered This has to be followed by a comma the monitor now outputs the current content of the CPU registers following by line of disassembled code at the start address To procced with execution of this instruction another comma has to be entered After executing the addressed instruction the monitor saves and displays all the register contents The monitor also displays a line of disassembled code of the instruction at the next subsequent address Now the user can enter a comma and proceed with executing the instruction at the displayed address or enter a new address at which an instruction is to be executed Note that the monitor does not output a command entry prompt even though the control rests with the monitor
61. e interval Timer Onboard Programmable Peripheral Interface Use of 8087 Co pricessor Programming with Interface Parallel printer interfaces Liquid Crystal Display Interface APPENDICES Schematics Connector Details Component Layout ASCII Character Set Serial Communication Cable Details ESA 86 88E Assemble Mnemonics Syntax 8087 Instruction Set Product List Q0 GO GO Q0 Q0 QO Q0 WH KWH 0 Q0 HC OH Q0 DOD CO ON YY NR eme me aU OD O oO 10 2 10 5 10 7 10 7 10 8 10 9 10 10 10 12 10 12 10 13 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION TO ESA 86 88E ESA86 88 E is an economical and powerful genenral purpose mocrocomputer system the can be operated with 8086 or 8088 CPU tha may be used as an instructional and learning aid and also as adevelopment tool in R amp D labs and industries 8086 and 8088 are third generation CPUs from INTEL that differ primarily in their externa data paths 8088 users an 8 bit wide data bus while 8086 uses a 16 bit wide data bus ESA 86 88E can be operated with either CPU and the only possible difference would be in the speed of execution with 8088 CPU a small speed degradation occurs because of the 8 bite wide data bus In either case the CPU is operated in maximum mode The basic system can be easily expanded through the System Bus connector Powerful features like monitor resident Symbolic One line asembler and disassembler simplified the programmer s task of entering Assembly lan
62. e ofroutine Function Example Calling address Name ofroutine Function Example Calling address HAD QVO VALID_HEX This routine checks if the value stored in AH register is a valid ASCII Hex value 30 39 41 46 Stores FFH in AL register if found vaild and 00 if found invalid FE00 0123 HEX_ASCII This routine converts a vaild ASCII Hex value 30 39 41 46 stored in AH register to its equivalent character 0 9 A F and stores the result inAL register Note that the routine will not convert any other values and that the previous contents of AL register are destroyed 41H will be converted to OAH similarly 33H will be converted to 03H FE00 0131 ASCI_HEX This routline converts a valid Hex character 0 9 A F stored in AH register to its equivalent ASCII Hex value 30 39 41 46 and stores the result in AL register Note that the routine will not convert any other values and that the previous contents of AL register are destroyed OAH will be converted to 41H similarly 03H will be converted to 33H FE00 0152 BCD_BIN This routine converts a valid BCD value up to 99 stored in AH register to its equivalent binary value in AL register Note that the previous contents of AL register are destroyed 99 will be converted to 63 similarly 10 will be converted to 0A FE00 016B BIN_BCD This routine unpacks a 8 bit binary number to three unpacked BCD digits and stores them in 3 consecutive locations indexed
63. e only 5 Enable OFF Disabled refer chapter 6 CE ae a ON 8086 Both CPUs Operate at 5MHz Eeceeuon OFF 8088 in maximum mode Reserved 2 2 CPU SELECTION ESA 86 88E can be operated either with an 8086 or an 8088 CPU operating at a frequency of 5MHz Install the desired CPU 8086 or 8088 in the socket labeled U22 and select SW7 ofthe DIP Switch accordingly 2 2 OPERATING MODE In stand alone mode the trainer will be interfaced with the optional PC keyboard In the seial mode the trainer can be connected to a CRT terminal or to a host computer system through RS 232C communication standard interface OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 2 1 WO 2 3 1 Baud rate selection ESA 86 88E uses 8251 A USART for serial communcation RS 232 C In serial mode of operation the following initialization are made by system firmware Asynchronous mode 8 bit character length 2 Stop bits No parity Baud rate factor of 16 x Timer 0 of onboard 8253 prvovides the Transmit and Receive Baud clocks for the 8251 AUSART The system firware initializes the timer for proper Baud clock based on DIP Switch settings as described below DIP SWI DIP SW DIP SW3 ee ee ee e gt ON on or 0 or 200 Factory installed option 2 3 2 Printer Enable Disable ESA 86 88E firmware includes the driver program for Centronics compatible Parallel Printer inter face This driver can be enabled disabled by setting SW5 of the DIP Switc
64. er AX A decimal point is to assumed before the first BCD digit ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 B4 00 MOV AH 00 0000 2002 D1 E8 SHR AX 1 Z Angle Angle 2 0000 2004 A35A 20 MOV Argl AX Preparatory for 0000 2007 9B DF 06 5A 20 FLDI Argl sloading into NDP 0000 200C C7 06 5C 20 B4 00 MOV Arg2 00B4 Arg2 180 0000 2012 9B DF 06 5C20 FLDI Arg2 Insert a FWAIT and Load Arg2 0000 2017 9B DE F9 FDIVRP wait and divide ST 3 z 180 0000 201A 9B D9 EB FLDPI ST PI 0000 201D 9B DE C9 MULRP 3 ST PI Z 80 Angle jin radians 0000 2020 9B D9 F2 FPTAN Conmpute tan as Y X 0000 2023 9B D9 CO FLD ST 0 copy x onto stack top 0000 2026 9B D9 C9 FMULST ST 1 ST X X 0000 2029 9B D9 C2 FLD ST 2 3ST Y 0000 202C 9B D8 CB FMUL ST ST 3 Y Y 0000 200F 9B DE Cl FADDPST 1 ST 3Y Y is popped off ST x xty y 0000 2032 9B DE F9 FDIVRP 3ST x x x y y 0000 2035 9B DE C9 FMULRP ST x x cx x y y 0000 2038 9B D9 CO FLD ST 0 Copy value onto stack 0000 203B 9B DE Cl FADDPST 1 ST ST 2 X Y X X sy y 0000 203E C7 06 5E 20 10 27 MOV Arg 3 2710 0000 2044 9B DF 06 5E 20 FLDIArg3 0000 2049 9B DE C9 FMURP Result JAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 10 11 NYO 0000 204C 0000 204F 0000 2054 0000 2055 0000 2058 9B D9 FC 9B DF 36 60 20 9B Al 60 20 CC FRNDINT FSTPArg4 FWAIT MOV AX Arg4 INT 3 31000 SIN Z Round to integer sand store as BCD Get the result into Acumulator Return to monitor N
65. er internal interrupts are available to user QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 5 3 WO 5 5 8087 NUMERIC DATA PROCESSOR On board provision is made for 8087 co processor The CPU can be either 8086 or 8088 and to install 8087 no hardware change are necessary Switch off power to trainer and populate socket U21 with 8087 IC Refer the component layout diagram in Appendix C and 8087 Instruction set in Appendix F 5 6 BUS EXPANSION The buffered address data and control signals are provided on two 26 pin bus connectors i e J6 amp J7 as given below The user may use this information and implememt bus interfacing accordin to specific needs The signal definitions and details of all interfacing connectors and headers including bus expansion are described in Appendix B J6 ADDRESS amp INTERRUPT LINES J7 DATA amp CONTROL LINES PIN NO SIGNAL PIN NO SIGNAL PINNO SIGNAL PIN NO SIGNAL 2 2 BDO 10 1 meoj 2 Mwre 1 ALE 2 BD9 3 J 4 B 5 NTR 6 Bais 5 CBHE 6 BDU 7 pois s8 Bav 7 8 Dn 9 Bais i0 Bais 9 BA6 i0 PCLK Note indicates Noz Connection ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 5 4 AO D OV CHAPTER 6 ONBOARD PERIPHERALS ESA 86 88E Microprocessor Trainer features several onboard peripherals for a wide range of user applications some of which are standard features of all ESA Trainers This chapter introduces the user to the following onboar
66. er mode of operation enter LL followed by a lt CR gt This command first output the Label Count which is a hexadecimal count of the number of labels defined in the symbol table The symbol table follows the FIRST IN FIRST OUT method of storing label definitions and hence the order of label list is independent of address sequence The labels are listed is independent of address sequence The labels are listed in the order the they are defined If there are no labels defined in the symbol table this command will output a label count of zero with the message No Labels Defined Thus this command can be used to check the validity of the Label Clear command also Ifthe same label name or symbol is defined more than once the command will output all the symbols with their addressess EXAMPLES OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 8 9 WO 1 User of list labels command when no labels are defined LL lt CR gt Label Count 0000 No Labels Defined This example show the output for the LL Command in the serial mode when there are no labels defined in the symbol table In the stand alone mode of operation the monitor refreshes the LCD before displaying the label count and the message 2 Use of list labels command in stand alone mode of operation LL lt CR gt The monitor first refreshes the LCD and then displays the label count Label Count 0006 The monitor now waits for a user strobe viz lt CR gt before listing the labels defined
67. error message Invalid Operands Now the Assembler waits for a lt CR gt from the user to proceed with the assembly proceed with the assembly process When the user enter lt CR gt the display is refreshed again and the same location counter with the corresponding parameters is output as follows 0000 2003 LOOPNE 1FFB E0 E9 A MOV AX 0AABB lt CR gt Upon successful assembly the next location counter is directly displayed as shown below 0 000 2003 MOV AL 90 BO 90 A Ifthe user wishes to view the machine code generated for the instruction entered then he can do so by using the Origin Control Directive ORG specifying the previous address in the statement For instance the user can view the machine code generated in the previous example by following the pattern described below 0000 2000 LOOPNE 1FEB E0 E9 A MOV AX 0AABB lt CR gt 0000 2003 MOV AL 90 BO 90 A ORG 2000 lt CR gt 0000 2000 MOV AX AABB B8 BB AA ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 8 6 AO QA OV A It may be seen from the above that ESA 86 88E provides an easy to use assembly level program ming environment even in the stand alone mode The user is urged to try out the above example in both mode of trainer operation to get well acquainted with ESA 86 88E Symbolic One line Assembler of operation Other assembly support instructions viz label commands and disassembly are discussed in subsequent sections NOTE Before invoking ESA 86 88 E S
68. es supported by the trainer are discussed in subsequent chapters Appendix A gives the complete schematics Appendix B Gives the connector details and Appendix C has the component layout diagram The design details discussed in this chapter include a CPU b Memory addressing c System timing d Interrupt system e 8087 Co processor NDP f Bus expansion 5 1 CPU ESA 86 88E can be operated with either the 8086 CPU or 8088 A single DIP switch setting as explained earlier in the manual can make the appropriate processor selection In either case the CPU is configured for maximum mode of operatoon 5 1 1 CPU RESET An on board RESET key provides the reset signal to the CPU through the 8284 A clock generator The RESET Key gives an RSTIN signal to the 8284 and its RESET output is used to reset the CPU and the rest of the system synchronously this signal is available on the bus connector also and can be used to reset off board peripherals 5 1 2 CPU CLOCK A 15MHz crystal is the clock source for 8284A clock generator The 8284A divides this frequency by three and produces a SMHz clock with 33 duty cycle as required by8086 8088 Further 8284A Provides a2 5MHz PCLK with 50 duty cycle which can be used an a clock input for onboard peripherals the PCLK is also available on the bus connector and may be used as clock source is external peripkerals 5 1 3 CPU ADDRESS BUS Latches 74LS373s at U 16 U23 and U24 are used to latch
69. grammer command prompt 7 3 5 E EXIT command This command is used to terminate the EPROM Programming software and return control to the ESA 86 88E monitor The monitor sign on message then appears on the console or the LCD followed by the command prompt on the next line ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 7 9 AO D OV CHAPTER 8 ESA 86 88E SYMBOLIC ONE LINE ASSEMBLER ESA 86 88E provides a very convenient environmentfor Assembley Leve Programming in either mode for trainer operation This chapter describes the use of the powerfull monitor resident ESA 86 88E Symbolic One Line Assembler along with the other programming facilities viz Label Commands and disassembly Appendix F contains a list of 8086 8088 CPU instrutions supported by the assembler Note that this assembler does not support 8087 NDP instructions 8 1 ESA 86 88E SYMBOLIC ONE LINE ASSEMBLER The monitor resident Symbolic One line assembler provided with ESA 86 88E Trainer is capable of translating the mnemonic Instruction code to equivalent machine codes for the 8086 8088 CPU The Translated code is immaediately loaded into appropriate memory locations The assembler supports the standard 8086 8088 mnemonic syntax with some simple and easy to understand modifications This assembler supports labels symbolic references also that can have a maximun length of three significant characters However a label can be referenced only if it has already been defined i e the assembler supports
70. guag programs On board provision for 8087 Numeric data Processor make ESA 86 88E useful for number crunching appliction also Onboard battery backup provision for RAM is made to retain the user programs in the event of a poerr failure or when the trainer is Programmable Interval Timers USART for serial communication PC keyboard Controller and parellel printer interface futher ESA 86 88 E A firmware also supports ESA EPROM Programmer interface ESA 86 88 E can be operated on single 5 Volts power supplu in stand alone mode using LCD and optional PC AT keyboard or in serial mode with a host computer through its RS 232C interface user friendly Windows and DOS Driver packages supplied with ESA 86 88E provide for a powerful and versatile Assembly level programming debugging environment 1 1 SYSTEM CAPABILITES Assemble 8086 8088 Instruction Mnimonics using ESA 86 88E Symbolic One Line Assembler Disassembler HEX bytes from memory int 8086 88 CPU instruction using monitor resident Disassembler Perform fast numerical computations using the optional 8087 Numeric Data Processor Execute the user program at full speed or debug the program through Single Step and Breakpoint facilities Examine Mondify the contents of memory location in byte or word Format QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 1 1 WO 1 2 Examine Modify the content of CPU registers Write or read data to or from I O pirts byte or word format Operations on bl
71. h Chapter 6 describes installation and operation of this interface in detail The printer driver is enabled only in the serial mode and the 26 pin ribbon cable connector J4 is used as the parallel printer interface Appropriate conversion cables may be optionally obtained from the manufacturer 2 4 8087 INSTALLATION ESA 86 88E has on board provision for 8087 Numeric Data Processor To install it just populate the socket labeled U21 with 8087 No other hardware changes are necessary 2 5 MEMORY SELECTION ESA 86 88E has four 28 Pin Sockets labeled as U17 U18 U25 and U26 for memory Of these Sockets U18 and U26 are populated with 32 K Bytes RAM ICs 62556 providing for a total of 64 K Bytes of RAM Sockets U17 and U25 are populated with EPROMs containing the firmware These scokets can be configured for 27256 or 27512 EPROMs by setting jumper JP2 QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 2 2 WO Jumper Position on JP2 EPROM selected AB 21312 BC 21236 Refer Chapter 5 for a detailed discussion on the memory mappings 2 6 INSTALLATION OF ESA 86 88E To install and operate ESA 86 8 E trainer the following accessories are required Power supply 5V 1A max For Serial Mode of Operation CRT terminal PC Compatible Host Computer system with RS 232 C interface driver software and RS 232 C compatible Serial Cables For Stand alone operation PS 2 compatible PC Keyboard The following steps are common for either mode of opera
72. he assemblly prompt Ifthe user does not wish to change the current instruction at a location then entering a lt CR gt at that location will maintain the instruction and update the location counter Note that in this case The current line is overwritten by the next location lines in the above example indicate that they are overwritten by the next output line This is illustrated in the instruction at location 0 2006H and 0 2012H Lable supported by the assembler can have a maximum of three significant characters if the lable contains more than three characters then they can be referred using only the first three characters The ESA 86 88E Monitor supports some additional label commands that are discussed later Also refer section 8 3 5 for more details on the usage of lables Almost all instructions mnemonics may be optionally suffixed with the letter W or B to indicate word or byte operation However for indexed addressing mode instructions that have only one operand pointing to the effective address this suffix becomes mandatoryfor the correct assembly of the instruction This is equivalent to specifying Word Pointer or byte pointer with the mnemonic as is the case with some other asembler like MASM TASM 2500AD or Micrsoft Debug Example for the instruction INC BX SI 1234 the source statement to be entered during assembly will be INCW BX SI 1234 for word operation If byte operation is intended then the sou
73. he EQU directive allows the user to assign the value of another symbol for example ifT1 is already defind as 2000H then entering T2 EQU T1 defines T2 also as 2000 H HAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 8 11 WO T1 EQU 2000 T1 represents 2000H T2 EQU TI T2 represents 2000H Y EQU 10 Y represents 10H Where using the symbols defined by this directive the symbol name can be used directly with the instruction if the value to which it is assigned is required If however a reference to the location pointed by the symbol is required then it can be done by using the character before the symbol name Exmaple With the symbols is defined above the instruction MOV BX T1 will transfer the data word 2000H to BX register while the instruction MOVW BX T1 will move the data word indexed by CS 2000H to BX register 3 Byte Initialization DB lt label gt DB lt value gt lt value gt lt CR gt The user can initialze a memory location to a particular value by the use of this command This facility is particularly useful when entering a table of data as part of a program This directive supports up to two constants separated by a comma or space Eg 0000 2240 44 INC SP A T1 DB 1240 lt CR gt gt DB 12 0A4 This source statement will initialize location 0 2240 with the value 12H and location 0 2241 with the value A4H Further the symbol T1 is made equal to 2240H 4 Word Initialization DW lt label gt DW lt value gt lt CR gt
74. he ESA 86 88E is functioning properly and configured correctly for operation in Serial Mode Check the RS 232C cable connnections Since the communication package utilizes the hardware handshake signal DTR while communicating with ESA 86 88E the interfacing cable must support this signal also Note XT86E utilizes an interrupt driven routine for reading characters from the COM port thus it is possible for XT86E to miss some characters if the system has any resident programs that are interrupt driven For example many systems include a CLOCK program in the AUTOEXEC file to display the time on the upper right corner of the screen Hence it is desirable not to run any such resident programs while XT68E is running If the problem persists Please contact the manufacture 3 33 RETURNING TO DOS Use can terminate XT86E and return control to DOS by typing lt Alt X gt when the program is waiting for keyboard input 3 4 OPERATIONAL DETAILS the complete command set of ESA 86 88E is transparent and is fully supported by XT86E Chapter 4 and Chapter 7 ofthis manual contain a detailed discussion of these commands Press lt Ctrl F1 gt for on line help In addition XT86E supports the file dowmload upload and other commands which are explained below 3 4 1 DOWNLOAD OPERATION This feature allows downloading of the contents of an object code file into ESA 86 88E memory To perform download operation type lt Ctrl D gt in respon
75. he address specified by the content of these locations 10 3 2 PROGRAMMABLE INTERVAL TIMER 8253 OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 10 8 WO ESA 86 88E provides the user with three independent timing channels via an onboard Programmable Interval Timer 8253 Of these Timer 1 and 2 are fully available to the user Refer Chapter 6 for the I O address mapping of the timer Clock Gate and Output signals of these timers are brought out on a 8 pin header J9 The following program module initializes TIMER 1 of 8253 A in Mode 3 Square Wave Generator After entering and executing this program user can observe a square waveform at TIMER of connector J9 on an oscilloscope with a time base of Sms Note that the user should give clock input to CLK1 The GATE 1 should be pulled high for MODE3 operation ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 B8 00 00 MOV AX 0000 Initialize Segment 0000 2003 8E C8 MOV CS AX registers 0000 2005 BA FF FF MOV DX 0FFFF 0000 2008 BO 76 MOV AL 76 Control Word for 0000 200A FE OUT DX AL TIMER Iin MODE3 0000 200B BA FB FF MOV DX OFFFB Load 16 bit Count 0000 200E BO 10 MOV AL 10 in timer 1 count 0000 2010 EE OUT DxX AL sregister 0000 2011 EE OUT DX AL 0000 2012 EB FE NOW JMP NOW 10 3 3 Onboard Programmable Peripheral Interface 8255 ESA 86 88E provided the user with 48 programmable I O lines two programmable peripheral interface viz 8255 ICs at U1 and U20 these lines are brought to 26 pin connectors J4 an
76. in 86E offers a complete online help for working with the commands Under win86E offers a complete online help for working with the commands Under Win 86E the traniner can communicate at a baud rate of up to 19200 3 2 2 INSTALLATION OF XT86E XT86E is the DOS based communication software supplied as a EXE from the ESA QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 3 1 WO 86 88 Drover CD ROM and can be executed on a PC compatible computer system under PC DOS MS DOS operating system Insert the CD in the available drive and run XT86E EXE from the ESA 86E XT86E folder Alternatively this file may be directly copied to and executed from the Hard disk also Now the following message appears on the screen XTS86E Version x y ELECTOR SYSTEMS ASSOCIATES PVT LTD BANGALORE Alt S Set Communication Parameters Ctrl F1 Help Alt F1 Command Help lt Esc gt Clear command lt F1 gt Previous Command Character lt F3 gt Command Recall Ctrl U Upload Command Ctrl D Download Command 1 Command DOS Shell Command Alt X 2 Exit Press any key to Continue XT86E Checks for the presence of communication ports COM 1 amp COM 2 If both port are not available it will display the message No serial port present as reported by BIOS and exit to DOS Otherwise XT86E will read the communication Parameters from the file XT86E INS and initialize the communication port XT86E searches the current directory for the file XT86E INS Ifthe sear
77. in this area General instructions 1 Enter thr programs in the trainer memory at the locations shown along with the program using ESA 86 88E Symbolic One Line assembler 2 Some programs may require look up tables The corresponding data may be entered at the appropriate locations by using DB DW or ASC directives or by using the Substitute Memory Commands 3 Using the GO command execute the program at its starting location In most cases the control returns to the monitor after program execution because of the Breakpoint instruction INT 3 It is important to properly terminate any user program failing which the program data may be lost 4 After observing the results of these programs it is urged that the user try different variations of these programs to get familiar with the ESA 86 88E system 5 The actual disassembly of the programs will not contain some of the labels used instead their reference locations will be displayed However the user may use these labels while assembly ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 10 1 AO QA OV 10 1 FAMILIARIZATION EXAMPLES These examples are designed to familiarize the user with the operations of ESA86 88E system Example This program computes the average of given word values stored in memory The computed average is also stored at a given memory location Note that this program does not check for overflow while forming the sum of the data values ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LAB
78. ined in previous instructions Mnemonics may be appended with a B or W to specify whether the operands are bytes or words respectively ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 8 16 CHAPTER 9 ESA 86 88E MONITOR ROUTINES ESA 86 88 E Monitor provides the user with several useful routines in either mode of trainer operation that significantly simplifies the task of program development This chapter gives a list of routines provided by ESA 86 88E Monitor which are accessible to the use with their address Example programs using these routines are given in Chapter 10 The outputs of some routines are independent of the mode of trainer operation while some routines provide input and output facilities only the default system I O for a particular mode of operation Routines listed in section 9 1 are dependent on the mode of trainer operation When used in stand alone mode the output will be displayed on the LCD and in case of serial mode of operation the corresponding outputs will appear on the console Similarly any input parameters that are required should be entered by the terminal keyboard in case of serial mode and by the PC keyboard interfaced with the trainer during stand alone mode operation Routines listed in section 9 2 are independent of the mode of trainer operation and are useful in applications where independent control of the I O devices is required 9 1 MONITOR ROUTINES DEPENDENT ON OPERATING MODE 1 Name of routine
79. isplay including the command line NOTE All control and invalid ASCII characters will be printed as Similarly user can obtain a disassembled listing of any program by using the Z command 6 7 2 THEORY OF OPERATION The printer driver make use of 8255 at U1 port lines which are terminated on the connector J4 The printer driver in the trainer initializes the 8255 ports as given below if the driver is enabled using SW5 of DIP switch Port A as Input port and Port B Port C as output ports The STROBE and BUSY signals which are connected to the port lines are used as handshaking signals NOTE The user can use this 8255 as general purpose I O When the printer driver is not enabled i e when SW5 of DIP switch is OFF 6 7 3 ERROR MESSAGES If the printer dose not assert the Busy line then the trainer will display the message Printer Busy Waiting The status of busy line can be kept under polling until it is asserted This process can be aborted by pressing CTRL C the trainer will then display the message Print aborted Ifno acknowledgement for data transfer is received from printer then a message No ACK from Printer will be displayed on the console 6 7 4 PORT SPECIFICATIONS The signals used for Parallel Printer interface conform to the following spec Ha ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 6 4 WO Centronics Compatible Synchronization via STROBLE pulses Handshaking via BUSY signal logic levels TTL c
80. ister The keyboard sends scan codes for the respective keys pressed The scan codes for the keys can be referred in the PC AT reference manual The UPI 8042 firmware supports either 71 or 84 keys PC keyboards 6 6 LCD INTERFACE A 20x4 LCD is provided on the trainer as display terminal The LCD is used as console display by the trainer firmware for stand alone mode of the trainer The LCD module has Two registers Instruction Register Data Register Three control signals RS R W and E which selects the operation of LCD E jl For any operation with the LCD RS 1 Operation with Data Register RS 0 Operation with InstructionRegister RW 0 Write to LCD RW 1 Read from LCD The LCD is interfaced to the port lines of 8255 at U2 The trainer firmware uses thesse port line for initialization and display These line are terminated on a flow strip connector J3 to which the LCD is connected An example program which initializes and displays some characters on LCD is given in chapter 10 6 7 PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE ESA 86 88E trainer is facilitated with Centronics compatible parallel printer interface for serial mode of operation The printer interface can be enabled by the DIP switch SWS on the trainer to obtain hard copy of the operations performed in serial mode of the trainer 80 132 column printers are recommended for this interface to get the proper formatted printouts 6 7 1 CONFIGURATION AND OPERATION Switch OFF
81. ith the register display directly EXAMPLES 1 Transfer control to the program at 2000H relative to CS register G lt CR gt G 0000 0000 2000 lt CR gt 2 Transfer CPU control to a program starting at location 20 300H and break the instruction at lication 20 3F2H G lt CR gt G 0000 0000 20 300 3F2 lt CR gt ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 18 AO QB OV BR AX 1182 BX A113 CX 000F DX 1242 SP 0100 BP 4020 SI 6020 DI 6F20 DS 0000 SS 0000 ES 0000 CS 0020 IP 03F2 FL F002 PC 005F2 0020 03F2 55 PUSH BP In Stand alone mode of operation the output format on the LCD with respect to the above command will be as described below G lt CR gt G 0000 0000 20 300 3F2 lt CR gt The monitor refreshes the LCD and displays all the CPU registers in the following format In this mode the monitor waits for user strobes wherever necessary AX 1182 BX A113 CX 000F DX 1242 SP 0100 BP 4020 SI 6020 DI 6F20 lt CR gt DS 0000 SS 0000 ES 0000 CS 0020 IP 03F2 FL F002 PC 005F2 lt CR gt 0020 3F2 PUSH BP 55 lt CR gt 3 Attempting to insert a breakpoint in the EPROM area As shown below this will result in an error G lt CR gt G 0000 0000 F000 100 122 lt CR gt G 0000 0000 F000 100 122 NOTE All underlined lines in these example are either overwritten by the statements following or are inserted in the text merely for illustration 4 5 11 SINGLE STEP COMMAND FUNCTION Single step N command is used to excute singl
82. le command is similar for either mode of trainer operation To use this function enter Z when prompted for command entry The user may now enter a lt CR gt to view the disassembled instruction corresponding to the current CS and IP register contents If the user wishes to view the instruction code at only a particular memory location then that address must be entered followed by a lt CR gt To view the disassembled instruction Mnemonics for a range of locations the user must specify the same by entering the start and end addresses of the range separated by a comma Upon entering lt CR gt now the monitor will output the disassembled instructions in the following format In Serial Mode the following pattern will appear on the console Segment Offset Machine Code Mnemonic In stand alone mode operation the same parameters will appear on the LCD in the following pattern Segment Offset Mnemonic Machine Code After displaying the disassembled code the monitor returns to command entry mode QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 8 13 WO The end address specified with the command is always an offset relative to the segment address with the start address Hence a segment address should not be specified with the end address However if no segment address is specified with the start address parameter then the address range of disassembly is relative to current CS register contents In stand alone mode the monitor waits for a user strob
83. lue to be converted in AL register ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 BF 12 20 MOV _ DI 2012 Get address of ASCII 0000 2003 8D 1D LEA BX DI jlook up table 0000 2005 32 E4 XOR AH AH Clear upper byte 0000 2007 B1 04 MOY CL 04 0000 2009 D3 C8 ROR AX CL Lower nibble in AH 0000 200B D2 CC ROR AH CL Upper nibble in AL 0000 200D D7 XLAT ASCII code of upper 0000 200E 86 E0 XCHG AH AL snibble in AH 0000 2010 D7 XLAT ASCII code of lower 0000 2011 CC INT 03 snibble in AL 0000 2012 30 31 DB 30 31 sASCII code look up 0000 2014 32 33 DB 32 33 table 0000 2016 34 35 DB 34 35 0000 2018 36 37 DB 36 37 0000 201A 38 39 DB 38 39 0000 201C 41 42 DB 41 42 0000 201E 43 44 DB 43 44 0000 2020 45 46 DB 45 46 Example 4 This is a program to find the factorial of a given number The program uses the Arithmetic instructions of the 8086 8088 CPU instruction set The program does not take into account the carry generated by the multiplication and hence the factorial of smaller numbers up to 8 can be properly calculated ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 B8 00 00 MOV AX 0000 Initialize Segment OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 10 3 WO 0000 2003 0000 2005 0000 2007 0000 200A 0000 200C 0000 200E 0000 2010 0000 2012 0000 2014 0000 2016 0000 2018 0000 201B 0000 201D 8E 8E BE 8E 8A FE 74 88 F7 EB BF 89 CC C8 D8 00 30 04 1C CB 06 1C 24 F4 00 31 05 NXT O
84. lue unless otherwise specified 2 Pressing lt CR gt starts exeution of the command The monitor will compare subsequent data at each corresponding location of the blocks and display differences when found in the following pattern The display format for stand alone mode of operation is described below Segment 1 offset1 data segment 2 offset2 data 3 The monitor returns to command entry mode at the end of command execution EXEAMPLES 1 Compare a block of memory beginning at 0 2500 to 0 2050 with a block beginning at 0 3000 C0 2000 2050 0 3000 lt CR gt The result shows that there are no mismatches 2 Compare a block of memory beginning at 0 2500 to 0 2550 with a block beginning at 0 3000 C0 2500 2550 0 3000 lt CR gt 0000 2505 45 0000 3005 76 0000 2515 21 0000 3015 16 0000 2532 45 0000 3032 A3 0000 2544 1A 0000 3044 22 The result shows the memory mismatch at 4 locations In case of stand alone operation the command entry format is similar to that in the serial mode The output in case of example 2 will be as follows 0000 2505 45 0000 3005 76 lt CR gt 0000 2515 21 0000 3015 16 lt CR gt The display will now be refreshed and will output the following result 0000 2532 45 0000 3032 A3 lt CR gt 0000 2544 1A 0000 3044 22 lt CR gt ERROR CONDITIONS 1 Entering the ending address offset lesser than the starting address offset 2 Trying to enter a non Hex value for the address or d
85. mand is allowed in a command line 4 2 1 RULES OF PARAMETER ENTRY When a command reuired the entry of parameters from the user the following rules apply All addreses in the 8086 8088 systems consist of a segment value and an offset value The segment value is enterd first a colon is entered as a seperator and then the offset value is entered If the segment value is not specified note that in sucha case the colon also should be omitted the default segment value is the current content of the code segment CS register The address is entered is a hexadecimal value most significant character first the valid range of hexadecimal values for an address entry either segment or offset range from 0000 to FFFFH If more than four digits are entered only the last four digits entered are valid In other words all address values are interpreted modulo 64K Data is also entered as hexadecimal value most significant character first The valid range of data entries is 00 to FFH for byte entries and from 0000 to FFFFH for word entries If more than two for byte entries or four for word entries digits are entered only the last two or four digits entered are valid Examine Modify register command X requires register symbols as parameters The register abbreviation entries required by the X command are described in detail with the explanation of this command QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 2 WO 4 2 2 USE OF OPERATORS AND REGISTER
86. mand will be in the format described below D100 10C 125 lt CR gt 0100 010C FO 00 00 9C The monitor now waits for a user stobe viz lt CR gt to refresh the display and output subsequent data lt CR gt 0100 0110 EA BA 04 BA 00 F2 10 21 A4 35 1417 FA FO Fl F5 lt CR gt 0100 0120 30 31 32 32 34 35 lt CR gt 3 Dispay word at location 10C H relative to DS register Assume DS is initialized to 200 DW DS 10C lt CR gt 0000 0002 0004 0006 0008 000A 000C 000E 0200 0100 OOFO In case of stand alone operaaton the LCD will output DW DS 10C lt CR gt 0200 010C OOFO lt CR gt For displaying a range of data words the same procedure as with display byte is followed with the exeption that DW replaces D Note that ASCII equivalent characters are not diaplayed with word data 4 5 3 EXAMINE MODIFY REGISTER COMMAD FUNCTION OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 9 WO The Examine Modify register x commad is used to examine and optionally modify the contents of any of the 808 8088 s registers SYNTAX X lt reg gt lt CR gt lt new data gt lt CR gt OPERATION 1 To use the Examine Modify register command enter X when prompted for command entery 2 If the current contents of all the registers are to be examined enter a carriage retun Now the monitor will output the contents of all 14 registers 3 Ifthe conents ofa particular register are to be examined or modified enter the abbreviated register name after entering X
87. monitor wait for a lt CR gt to refresh the output and display the next 16 bytes or 8 words of data if required Note that the end addres is always relative to the segment value specified with start address or implied with start address i e the contents of CS register if no segments value is specified Thus with each command execution a maximum of 64K bytes or 32K words can be displayed To use either command enter D for byte output or DW for word output when prompted or command entry Then type the start address of the memory block Now if only byte or word is to be displayed enter the carriage return On the other hand if a block of memory is to be displayed enter the end address followed by a carrige return 2 The monitor will now output beginning on the next line the starting offset addresses the data contents of that location and the contents of the consecutive memory locations upto the end address if an end address is specified The line format is arranged such that any subsequent lines if present will begin with an offset address whose last nibble is zero A line consists of amaximum nunber of 16 bytes or 8 words In case of stand alone operation the same amount of data as contained in one line is displayed on the LCD making use of all the 4 lines available 3 The display memory commands can be cancelled or the output can be stopped and resumed at any time by entering appropriate control parameters D
88. ngle data line having five integers separated by blanks representing various communication parameters These five integers represent serial communication port baud rate number of data bits number of stop bits and parity in sequence The following shows details of the integer values and correspinding parameters Communication Baud Data Stop t Rate Intg Bits Intg Bits Port htg COM1 0 0 1 COM2 1 2 NOTE The baud rate listed above are those supported by the DOS Driver package XT86E The trainer is capable of communication at baud rates other than these also It may be noted that ESA 86 88E is capable of communicating at baud rates other than these also it may be noted that ESA 86 88E is capable of communicating at a maximum baud of 19200 However this baud rate is suppported by the windows communication package Win86E only 3 4 7 HELP On line help is available for all ESA 86 88E monitor commands and specific commands of XT86E Help facility can be selected by Crtl F1 A menu of commands is displayed from which desired command can be selected by using arrow keys and help information about that command is displayed QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 3 6 UJO in the remaining part of the screen context sensitive help is available using Alt F1 this facility can be used if more information is desired about the command being entered against command prompt 3 5 INTER EXTENDED HEX FORMAT The files uploaded downloaded under the control of
89. nt assembler the user must enter the following source statements ES lt CR gt MOV SI AL NOTE The segment register override instruction will be applicable for all the instructions that follow it The assembler will not check for the override capability of the next instruction Thus if you want the overrid only one instruction you must restore the default segment register explicity 8 3 5 MORE ON USAGE OF LABELS Whenever labels are included in source statements the assembler understands them as address references The following discussion on labels should serve as guideline during program assembly using ESA86 88E Symbolic one line Assembler The label definitions can have a maximum of three significant characters Ifa previously defined label is defined again during assembly then the new definition is also recorded in the symbol table All future references to this label will result in only the new address being referred More than one label can be defined at one location In such cases using any of these labels can refer this location Labels can be used with Assembler directives also However if used with ORG directive there is no lable assignment in the symbol table since this directive does not perform any memory allocation Label referencing for different addressing modes can be done using the label name directly with the instruction EXAMPLE Refer Section 8 5 also 1 The instrution MOV AX R1 Will move th
90. o proceed with the appropriate EPROM Programmer function P R B V Enter E to exit to the system monitor HAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 7 2 UJO The parameters required for each of the above commands are described in the following sections For all these commads the system shows the default values The user may modify these parameters to suit individual requirements To abort any command the user can enter lt EscL gt then the system will return to the EPROM Programmer command prompt Note All commands of ESA 86 88E EPROM Programmer system except Blank Check use the trainer memory as buffer space Thus it is advisable NOT to use the monitor s stack area i e locations 0 0 to 0 1FFFH for operation with this interface as it may lead to unpredicatable results 7 3 1 P PROGRAM command This command is used to program an EPROM Enter P at the EPROM Programmer command prompt to execute this command This command requires the following four parameters PROM Tyoe EPROM Type One of the type listed in section 7 1 Buffer Start Segment Segment address of the stating location of the buffer The default value will be the current value of CS register Offset Offset from the starting address of the current segment the default value will be the current value of IP register Buffer End Ending addresss of the buffer Default value of this paremeter is the maximum buffer offset value calculated using the device size and the user specifica
91. o the LCD or to the console The segment value to be displayed is stored in ES register and the offset in BX register FE00 0082 GET_CHAR Reads an ASCII character from the keyboard and stores its Hex quivalent in AL register FE00 00A9 GET_CHAR_E Reads an ASCII character from the keyboard and display the character on the LCD or console depending on the operating mode the Hex equivalent is stored in AL register FE00 00B8 GET_BYTE Read a byte value from the keyboard and stores it in AL register FE00 00C7 GET_WORD Reads a word value entered from the keyboard and stores it in AX register FE00 00E0 GET_ADDR Read an address value from the keyboard in Segment Offset format The segment value entered is stored in ES register while the offset is stored in BX register If no segment value is entered the current CS register value will be stored in ES registe FE00 00F3 GET_STRING Reads a string of ASCII character from the keyboard and stores their HEX equivalent in memory indexed by DS SI The current content of DS register is the segment value and that of SI register is the offset value of the starting location of the string being stored The string is terminated by lt CR gt FE00 010E ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 9 2 14 15 16 17 18 Name ofroutine Function Calling address Name ofroutine Function Example Calling address Name ofroutine Function Example Calling address Nam
92. ock of memory such as filling a block of memory with a constant byte or word data comparing a block of memory with another block copying a block of data or program within the memory and displaying memory blocks in byte or word format Communicate with a Host PC serially through RS 232C interface at a baud rate of upto 19200 and develop debug applicatins using the user friendly Windows or DOS driver packages Supports for downloading user programs into ESA 86 88E from a host computer system in Intel HEX as well as Intel Extended HEX format Support for uploading user programs to Host Computer system and saving them as HEX files ona system Read Programs Verify and Blank check of popular EPROMs 2716 through 27512 using optional EPROM Programmer interface module Use the monitor resident Centronics compatible Parallel printer driver softeware and obtain hard copies of serial mode operatoins SPECIFICATIONS Central Processor 8086 or 8088 CPU operating a SMHz in maximum mode Co Processor On board 8087 Nummeric Data processor optional Memory ESA 86 88E provides a total of 128 K Bytes of onboard memory 64 K Bytes of ROM using two 27256 EPROMs 64 K Bytes of ROM using two 62256 Static RAMs Memory addressing and mapping details are given in Chapter 5 gt Onboard Peripherals amp intefacing Options 8251A Universal Synchronus Asynchronous Reciver Transmitter supporting standard baud rates from 110 to 19 200 Baud ra
93. ollowing by a display of all processor registers the breakpoint address in segment Offset format the machine code and disassembled line of the instruction at the break point address Ifasubsequent GO command is entered the current address displayed will be the breakpoint address The user can resume execution of the program from this address by just entering lt CR gt Upon receiving GO command with a breakpoint address the Monitor program saves the instruction atthe breakpoint address and replaces it with an interrupt instruction before transferring control to the user program When the program reaches the breakpoint address control is returned to the monitor The monitor saves all CPU registers restores the break point instruction and output the previously described pattern It then issues the command entry prompt allowing the user to modify any of the registers memory locations before resuming the execution of the program From the above discussion it is clear that The user can specify a breakpoint address only when a comma preccedes it The segment value for the breakpoint address is always relative to the start address segment value An instruction in the read only memory cannot be break pointed Breakpoint address must be specified each time when a program is to be broken at a desired location BR is displayed on the console i e it appears only in the serial mode In stand alone mode the monitor procceds w
94. om the 4 pin polaized connector on the Programmer module to the corresponding power supplies as shown below Color of the wire Supply to be connected BLACK GND YELLOW 12V BLUE 30 V 4 Power ON the system CAUTION The following precautions must be taken failing which the device in use as well as the PROM Programmer system is liable to be damaged i Spurious application of programming voltage to EPROM during switching operations with ESA 86 88E may damage the EPROM To avoid this insertion removal of EPROM should be done only when the trainer is powered ON i Ensure that the device type number entered corresponds to the EPROM inserted in ZIF socket ii Avoid attempting to program already damaged devices iv Avoid resetting the trainer while any of the above operation is in progress 7 3 OPERATION The EPROM programmer can be invoked either from the serial or the stand alone monitor The following discussion holds good for operation with the EPROM Programmer system for both modes of Progrmmer system for both modes of trainer operation except wherever indicated Enter P when prompted for command entry Now the EPROM programmer software gains control of the system and it will a display a list of EPROM Programmer commands as follows P Program R Read B Blank Check V Verify E Exit to Monitor Select Option This is the command prompt of EPROM Programmer system for ESA 86 88E Trainer Enter either of the following characters t
95. ompatible o 6 7 5 CONNECTOR DETAILS J4 Pin Details Signal Input or Description Centronics Connector 8255 Port s Name Output Pin Details from 86 88E 5 PCO STROBE O P STROBE pulse to 1 the printer 16 PA7 BUSY I P A high on this indicates that printer is busy 11 13 PBO Data 0 O P These signals 2 14 PB1 Data 1 O P represent 8bits 3 11 PB2 Data 2 O P ofparallel data 4 12 PB3 Data 3 O P High 1 5 9 PB4 Data 4 O P Low 0 6 10 PB5 Data 5 O P 7 7 PB6 Data 6 O P 8 8 PB7 Data 7 O P 9 26 GND Signal ground 19 The signal become high in one of the following cases a During data entry b During Printing Operation c InOFF LINE states d During printer error status 6 7 6 DIRECT OUTPUT TO PRINTER As described above when the printer interface is enabled any character sent to the console will also be sent to the printer This facility is available in the serial mode of opreation only However the trainer firmware provides a Print String routine to send a string directly to the printer This routine can be called from the user s program regard less of the operating mode of the trainer and DIP switch setting on the trainer Print String routine details are presented with a demostration example in chapter 10 6 8 ESA 86 88E CONNECTORS ESA 86 8E provides several connectors for external interfacing and system expansion A brief sum mary of the connectors available on the trainer is described below Refer
96. onitor commands cannot be executed while the assembler in active 8 2 2 ASSEMBLER SYNTAX DESCRIPTION Once the assembler is involed the system will output the assembly address in Segment Offset format followed by the instruction code and disassembled instruction at this address On the next line the assembler will display the assembley prompts A and wait for the user to enter a source statement Now user can either enter a source statement carriage return if the current instruction is not to be changed or the character and lt CR gt to terminate the command cy Ifthe user enters a new source statement it is immediately translated and the machine code generated is stored at the appropriate memory locations If any errors are detected or if the statement is written at an invalid location viz EPROM Area or non existent memory appropriate error message is issued next line and location counter is not updated and the old line is displayed again If there are no errors the assembled machine code is immediately loaded into the memory the valid source statement and its machine code will overwrite the previous mnemonic and its corresponding machine code while updating the location counter Now the next location counter address is displayed followed by the instruction code and disassembled instruction at this address This is followed by the assembly prompt A on the next line NOTES The source line entered by the user is analyzed onl
97. ote 16 locations from 0 205 AH to 206AH ARGI ARG2 ARG3 and ARG4 are used for storing the constants and results 1 Load the above program into the memory 2 Setup the input parameter in the register AL for example to calculate Sin 60 AL 3CH 3 Execute the program and observe the contents of AX with input as AL 3C AX will now be 8660 so sin 60 0 8660 Repeat the program with different input data and observe the output as shown below 5 The user may try using the FPREM function of 8087 calculate sin Z for any value of Z Input AL Output AX Calculated function 1E 5000 sin 30 2E 7193 sin 46 10 2756 sin 16 56 9976 sin 86 10 5 PROGRAMMING WITH INTERFACES 10 5 1 Parallel Printer Inteface This program demostrates direct output to the printer using PRINT STRING rountine Using this program parllel printer interfaced with the trainer can be acessed regrardless of the printer enable DIP switch SWS5 The printer cable is connected over the 26 pin FRC connector J4 the necessary cable may be obtained from ESA Pvt LTD Bangalore as an option This program sends message HELLO WORLD directly to the printer This routine can be called from the user s program when the system is operating in either of the two modes Refer Chapter 9 for a description of this routine and it s calling address ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2500 B8 00 00 MOV AX 0000 Initialize segment 0000 2503 8E D8 MOV DS AX registers 0
98. pecified by the buffer limits and will display Programming The system also verifies the programmed data on a byte by byte basis intelligent programming Algorithm is used if the EPROM can support it This results in considerable reduction in programming time If complete programming is successfull the system will display the following message Progrmming Completed Check Sum XXXX Where XX XX is a 16 bit checksum and control will return to the EPROM programmer command fetch routine If progrmming is unsuccessful the following information is displayed Failed At XXXX Where XXXX indicates the location in HEX where programming was unsuccessful the system then returns to EPROM Programmer command prompt EXAMPLE Enter P at the ESA 86 88E Monitor Command prompt P lt CR gt P Program R Read B Blank check V Verify E exit to Monitor Select Option P lt CR gt PROM Type 2716 2764 lt CR gt Buffer Start Segment 0000 lt CR gt Offset 0000 2000 lt CR gt Buffer End 5FFE 2FFE lt CR gt Invalid Paraments This is because the buffer end address is an old location while the buffer start offset address is an even location i e the even bank of memory is selected for use Buffer end SFFE 2FFE lt CR gt PROM Start 0000 2000 lt CR gt Invalid Parameters This error occurred because the EPROM does not have enough location to be programmed as that indicated by the buffer range QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 75 WO
99. rce statement will be INCB BX SI 1234 8 The user can terminate the active assembler by entering lt CR gt at the Assembly prompt A The user will now be to use other ESA 86 88E Monitor commands Using ESA 86 88E Symbolic One line Assembler in Stand alone Mode of Operation In stand alone mode of operation the display format on the LCD will follow the same lines as that described in Example 1 amp 2 However some points must be noted here The Assembly prompt follows the location counter the instruction at that address and the machine code in subsequent lines and generally occurs on the fourth line of the LCD When an instruction is successfull assembled the display is refreshed and the next location counter with the corresponding instruction and machine code is directly displayed Thus the user may understand that a source statement has been successfully translated by watching the location counter QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 8 5 WO Incase ofan error the error message is displayed after refreshing the display once Now the assembler waits for a user strobe viz lt CR gt and then display the same location counter with the respective parameters as explained before Thus the display pattern while entering the second source statement in the above example in stand alone mode will be as described below 0000 2000 LOOPNE 1FEB E0 E9 A MOV AX AABB lt CR gt The LCD is now refreshed once and will display the
100. rd data O0OAA FW0 5000 6000 AA lt CR gt ERROR CONDITIONS 1 Entering the ending address offset lesser than the starting address offset 2 Trying to enter anon Hex value for the address or data 3 Trying to fill non existent memory or ROM locations 4 5 6 INPUT BYTE AND INPUT WORD COMMADS FUNCTION The Input byte I and input word TW commands are used to input accept a byte or word from an input port and to display the accepted byte or word OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 13 WO SYNTAX I lt Port Address gt lt CR gt lt CR gt IW lt Port Address gt lt CR gt lt CR gt OPERATION 1 Both the commands operate in a similar way Enter I to input byte or IW to input word when prompted for command entry and then enter the address of the port to be read Since the I O space is only 64K bytes no segmet value is permitted with port address 2 After entering port address and lt CR gt enter another lt CR gt or a comma The monitor reads the bytes or word at the specified port and displays it on the console 3 Each subsequent comma incerements the port address and displays the current data at the addressed port on a new line A carriage return terminates the command and the monitor returns to the command entry mode EXAMPLES 1 Reada byte I O port at address FFE1H FFE lt CR gt FFE1 FA lt CR gt 2 Read a series of word from I O ports located at addresses FFEOH and FFE6H Note that when using word inpu
101. rds The message string at the end of the routine may be entered using Substitute Memory command also using the HEX equivalents of the ASCII characters given ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2100 B8 00 00 MOV AX 0000 Initialize segment 0000 2103 8E CO MOV ES AX sregisters 0000 2105 B8 67 20 MOV AX 2067 Set up memory pointer 0000 2108 9A 31 00 00 FE CALLS OFE00 0031 0000 210D 9A 13 00 00 FE CALLS 0F00 0013 Display message 0000 2112 9A A9 00 00 FE CALLS OFE00 00A9 Wait for user 0000 2117 EA 00 00 00 FO JMPS 0FO000 0000 Strobe and send ORG 2050 0000 2050 57 41 49 54 49 4EASC WAITING FOR 0000 2056 47 20 46 4F 52 0000 205B 0A 0D DB 0A 0D 0000 205D 42 52 45 41 4B ASC BREAK KEY 0000 2062 20 4B 4B 45 59 0000 2066 00 0A DB 00 0A 0000 2068 42 52 45 41 4B 20ASC BREAK KEY ACEPTED 0000 206E 4B 45 59 41 43 43 0000 2074 45 50 54 45 44 21 0000 207A 00 DB 00 Now execute the program from 0 2000H using the GO command The Program will output a message WAITING FOR BREAK KEY and will wait for a user strobe When the presses the KBINT key on the trainer the message BREAK KEY ACCEPTED is displayed The program now waits for another user strobe before returning to command entry mode NOTE The user can independently write vectorting information for Type 2 interrupt at location 0 0008H and 0 000AH using substitute memory commands Pressing KBINT key anytime will then tranfer control to the program at t
102. re downloading Example Record 04 00 00 03 02 00 01 00 F6 04 00 00 03 02 00 01 00 F6 0 check sum validity After Loading CS 0200 and IP 0100 End of File Record ma s O vee fso OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 3 8 QVO This is a record of fixed structure and is used to specify the end of the HEX file 3 6 USING CROSS ASSEMBLER A convenient way of creating a file to be downloaded into ESA 86 88E is to use a cross assembler for 8086 8088 that can generate the object code in Extended Hex Format Example chapter 10 includes some programs that have been developed using X8086 The distribution diskette contains HEX files object code for these example the code is in extended hex format and the files were created using X8086 and the corresponding linker LINK The user can download these files using the Download command and execute them according to previously given guidelines The steps involed in creating a HEX file are 1 Create a source file using the DOS text editor or notepad and save it as filename ASM 2 Assemble filename ASM using across assembler to create filename OBJ 3 Linkthe single file filename OBJ Specify code offset according to the memory organized in the trainer You may even skip this prompt if ORG directive has been used in the source file Select E for Extended Hex as the option for output file format This process creates filename HEX that can then be downloaded to ESA 86 88E
103. rovided U21 No other hardware changes are required The following two example illustrate the use of 8087 NOTE ESA 86 88E Symbolic One line Assembler does not support NDP instructions so these programs must be entered directly in machine code hexadecimal values using Substitute Memory Command Example 1 The following program assumes that two 32 bit integer data values a and b are stored at locations 3000H and 3004H onwards respectively It then computes a result C square root of a b and stores the result as a 32 bit integer starting at location 3008H code segment value is assumed as 0000 ADDRESS OBJECT CODE LABELS MNEMONICS COMMENTS 0000 2000 BB 00 30 MOV BX 3000 Point to a 0000 2003 DB 07 FLD BX Load a 0000 2005 9B FWAIT 0000 2006 DA OF FMUL BX 3 Compute a2 0000 2008 9B FWAIT 0000 2009 DD D9 FST STA save a2 in ST 1 0000 200B 9B FWAIT 0000 200C 81 D3 04 00 ADD BX 0004 Point to b 0000 2010 DB 07 FLD BX Load b 0000 2012 9B FWAIT 0000 2013 DA OF FMUL BX Computer b2 0000 2015 9B FWAIT 0000 2016 D8 C1 FADD ST 1 ST 0 a2 b2 0000 2018 9B FWAIT 0000 2019 D9 FA FSQRT 3ST 0 Sqrt a2 b2 0000 201B 9B FWAIT 0000 201C 81 D3 04 00 ADD BX 0004 Point to location 0000 2020 DB 17 FST BX for C and store the 0000 2022 9B FWAIT sresult as 32 bit 0000 2023 CC INT 3 jinteger in C amp exit l Load the above program into memory 2 Set up data values a and b as follows 0000
104. rs and prompt for the parameter again The parameters must satisfy the following relations i PROM Start lt Absolute end address of the EPROM it PROM End lt Absolute end address of the EPROM and gt PROM Start NOTE The system will check whether the EPROM is blank only in the range specified by the command parameters Thus the user can check if only a particular block of address in the EPROM are blank regardless of whether the EPROM contain data elsewhere If all the parameters entered are correct the system proceeds with reading the data from the device and comparing it with the device blank state value FFh in case of EPROMs During this times the following message is displayed Blank Checking Ifall the location are blank then the following message is displayed and control returns to EPROM Programmer command prompt QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 77 WO PROM is blank Blank Check completed If any memory location in the specified range is not blank the corresponding message and the absolute EPROM address of the first non blank location is displayed as shown below PROM not blank Non blank at XXXX Where XXXX is the address of the first non blank value found in the device Note that only the first non blank location address is displayed Subsequent location may or may not be blank 7 3 4 V VERIFY command This command is used to verify the contents of an EPROM agains a source Enter V to execute thi
105. s command The parameter and their interpretation are completely similar to that with respect to P command PROM Type EPROM type one of the type listed in section 7 1 Buffer Start Segment Segment address of the starting location of the buffer The default value will be the current value of CS register Offset Offset from the starting address of the current segment the default value will be the current value of IP register Buffer end Ending address of the buffer Default value of this parameter is calculated similarly as done with the P command explained in Section 7 3 1 PROM Start Absolute starting address of the EPROM from where verification of the device should begin In case of any invalid entry the system display an error message Invalid Parameters and prompts for the parameter again When all valid parameters are entered the following message is displayed on the console Verifying If the verification is successful the appropriate message along with a 16 bit checksum of the data verified is displayed as follows Verify Completed Check sum XXXX If the verification fails a corresponding message is displayed as follows indicating the first mismatch of data between the buffer and the EPROM QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 7 8 WO Verifly Failed At XXXX PROM Data XX Buffer Data XX Where XXXX and XX are address and data in Hex format respectively The system then returns to the EPROM Pro
106. s enter carriage return 2 Now the monitor moves the contents of the memory block from start address to end address of consecutive memory location beginning at destination address After moving the block of memory monitor returns to the command entry mode Note SInce move operation is performed one byte at a time M command can be used to fill a block of memory witha predefined constant To do this move the constant into the start address location using S command then use M command with a destination address which is one greater than the start address Now the memory block from start address to end address 1 is filled with the value contained in start address ERROR CONDITIONS 1 Trying to move data into a non existent or read only e g ROM or PROM memory location or outside the user RAM 2 Specifiying an end address value that is less than the offset value of the start addresss EXAMPLES 1 Move the contents of the locations 2000H through 2020H relative to CS register to the memory block starting at 3000H relative to the DS register M 2000 2020 2000 DS 3000 lt CR gt 2 Fillmemory location 1000 2000H through 1000 2100H with constant AAH S 1000 2000 lt CR gt 1000 2000 BA AA lt CR gt M 1000 2000 20FF 1000 2001 lt CR gt The validity of the Move Memory commands can be verified anytine usiing the Display Memory or compare memory commands 4 5 5 FIL
107. se to the command prompt HAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 3 3 WO The system will now prompt for the name of the disk file from which the information is to be downloaded as follows Download filename HEX Enter the file name with extension terminated by lt CR gt if the filename is invalid it displays file not found and prompt again for the filename Ifthe path specified is invalid it displays an message path not found and prompts again for the filename ifnone of the above errors occur the system will read the file gather the data in the specified address range reformat the data for compatibility with the protocol required by ESA 86 88E and send the data to the trainer During this proccess the system will display Downloading in Progress XXXX where XX XX is the start address of the record being downloaded After downloading the object the system returns to the command prompt of ESA 86 88E Note The object code file must be a HEX file with records in INTEL Extended HEX format Please refer the relevant INTEL manuals for the defination of INTEL Extended 16 Bit HEX format Most of the cross assemblers for 8086 8088 produce object code files which are HEX files with records in Intel Extended HEX format 3 4 2 UPLOAD OPERATION This feature allows the user to upload data from the memory of ESA 86 88E to the computer system and save it in the specified disk file in INTEL 8 Bit HEX format 66
108. ster modify the ontents of location 2101H and 2102H and examine the contents of 2101H agian S DS 2100 lt CR gt 0000 2100 AS 0000 2101 FF B7 0000 2102 FF 5A 0000 2103 FF lt CR S DS 2101 lt CR gt 0000 2101 B7 lt CR gt Note that here DS is set at 0000 Hence the segment value displayed will be 0000 2 Examine ROM location FFOO 9CH and trying to modify the same S FFOO 9C lt CR gt FFOO 009C FF 44 lt CR gt Note that in ROM location data can not be modified Then it will give error 3 Examine word at location 2120 H relative to DS register Assume that DS is set to 2000 SW DS 2120 lt CR gt 2000 2120 A1F4 lt CR gt Note that here A 1H is at location DS 2121 H while the byte at the addressed location DS 2120 is F4H 4 5 2 DISPLAY MEMORY COMMANDS FUNCTION Display memory byte D and Display memory word DW comands enable the user to output the contents of a block of memory either in byte or word format SYNTAX D lt start address gt lt end address gt lt CR gt DW lt start address gt lt end address gt lt CR gt OPERTATION QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 7 WO 1 Both the commands operate in a similiar fashion when operating in serial mode these commands provide a line formatted output of the memory block starting at the start address and ending at the end address However in case of stand alone operation a total of 16 bytes or 8 words is displayed at one time and the
109. t lt start address gt lt breakpont Transfers the processor control address gt lt CR gt from the monitor to the user program address with optional brealpoint Single step N lt CR gt lt start address gt lt new Executes single instructionofthe address gt lt CR gt user program Help command H lt Command mnemonic gt lt CR gt Lists Monitor commands with their valid syntax Invoke programmer software Invokes the software for ESA EPROM Programmer Interface Enter assembler A address lt CR gt Invokes esa 86 88E Symbolic on line Assembler List lables LL lt CR gt List all lables defined in the symbol table Label Clear LC lt CR gt Clears all previously defined labels from the symbol table Disassembly command Z lt start address gt lt end address gt lt CR Disassemble Hex Code into 8086 mnemonics for a specific memory range Refer chapter 7 for a detailed discussion of this command Refer chapter 8 for a detailed discussion of these commands 44 COMMAND OUTEPUT CONTROL 1 In Serial Mode During serial operation the output to the console can be stopped using the following method This is applicable in cases of commands where in the monitor continuously outputs data to the terminal viz Display memory Disassembly and compare memory commands CTRL C entered at any time immediately terminates the command and the monitor return to the command entry mode Entering CTRL S stops
110. t i e IW command lower order address is entered as port address IWFFE0 lt CR gt FFEO A2A2 FFE2 B2B2 FFE4 C2C2 FFE6 D2D2 lt CR gt 4 5 7 OUTPUT BYTE AND OUTPUT WORD COMMANDS FUNCTION The output byte O and output word OW commands are used to write a byte or word to an output port SYNTAX O lt port address gt lt CR gt lt data gt lt CR gt OW lt port address gt lt CR gt lt data gt lt CR gt OPERATION 1 Both the output commands O and OW operate similarly Enter O to write a byte or OW to write a word when prompted for a command entry and then enter the address of the port to be written followed by a lt CR gt No segment value is permitted with the port address I O address spece is limited to 64K bytes QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 14 UJO 2 After this enter the data to be written in Byte or Word format as applicable or a comma if you wish to skip writing data at this port Entering a comman will increment the port address after which the monitor displays the port address on a new line and the process continues 3 Ifthe user enters a data byte or word as applicable a comma or lt CR gt should follow it Entering a carriage return sends the data to the specified port terminates the command and returns monitor to the command entry mode Entering a comma sends the data to the specified port but does not terminate the command and it permits subsequent data output to I O ports in succession
111. t the data intp INTEL 8 Bit HEX records and store the data in the specified file While the uploading is in progress the system will display the starting address XX XX of each record being uploaded Uploading in progres XXXX Once the uploading is complete XT86E will let the user specify another address range User may specify a new address range or enter lt Esc gt to terminate uploading operations The following error messages may appera during upload and download operatins 1 Invalid function number This is XT86E internal error therefore contract ESA 86 88E techincal support for assistance File not found Path not found No more files Access denied Insufficient disk space Invalid file handle Unable to continue upload Colon is not present at the start of the Record Invalid data in source file the start of the Record 11 Checksum Error in the following Record O WON NN FW WN Please check for validity of file records in the event of any of the above errors 3 43 DOS COMMANDS 66 99 At the command prompt any vaild DOS command can be entered preceded by XT86E environment is saved and the dos command is executed then XT86E environment is restored and XT86E command prompt displayed again 3 4 4 STATUS LINE During the session some commonly used XT86E commands are displayed at the bottom line in reverse video for the convenience of user the status line is displayed as
112. te is selected through on board DIPswitch setting QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 1 2 WO 8253 5 Programmable Interval Timer Timer 0 is used for Baud clock generation Timer 1 and Timer 2 are available to the user 8255A 3 Programmable Peripheral Interface Provide upto 72 Programmable I O line One 8255 is used for controlling LCD and reading DIP Switch Two 8255s are for the user of which one is populated by default and the other is optional 8288 Bus Controller used for generating control in Maximum Mode Operation 8042 8742 UPI Universal Peripheral Interface gt Interrupts External NMI 8086 8088 Type 2 Interrupt connected to KBINT key on the trainer The vectoring information for this interrupt is fully user defined INTR Available to user on system expansion connector J6 Internal Interrupt Vectors 1 Single step Interrupt and 3 Breakpoint Interrupt reserved for monitor gt External Interface Signals CPU Bus De multiplexed and fully buffered TTL compartible Addresss Data amp Control signal are available on two 26 pin ribbon cable connectors Parallel I O 48 Programmable parallel I O lines TTL Compatible through two 26 Pin ribbon cable connectors Note that only one 8255 and its corresponding 26 pin ribbon cable connector is available as default factory installation which way additionally be used as a parallel printer interface Further ESA 86 88E firm ware uses this 8255 for operations wi
113. th ESA ESPROM Programmer inteface also Serial I O RS 232C through on board 9 pin D Type female Connector PC Keyboard PS 2 connector is provided for interfacing optional PC Keyboard 20x4LCD 15 Pin flow strip for interfacing the 20x4 LCD Timer Signals Timer 1 and Timer 2 signals are brought to a header Power Supply 5v 1A approx Battery backup 3 6V Ni Cd Battery as Power Backup to RAM optional All connector details are given in appendix B OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 1 3 WO 1 3 AO OV SCOPE OF SUPPLY Default ESA 86 88E Trainer Kit with 20x4 LCD ESA 86 88E User manual 8086 88 Assembly Reference card RS 232C Cable ESA 86 88 Driver CD ROM ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL CHAPTER 2 CONFIGURATION AND INSTALLATION This chapter describes all the configuration options and the installation procedures of ESA 86 88 E Microprocessor traniner The trainer can be configured in different ways as determined by DIP Switch Settings Refer to the conponent layout diagram in appendix C to locate the DIP Switch and the jumpers 2 1 ESA86 88E CONFIGURATION The following table summarizes the DIP Switch settings for different configurations of ESA 86 88E Trainer ESA 86 88 E communicates Baud Rate Setting Pl fe for RS 232C an a at a max Baud rate of 19200 Communication _ with the Windows Driver package ON Serial Mode Operational OFF Stand lone Mode Mode Printer Driver ON Enabled For Serial mod
114. the addresses with the help of ALE signal These latches are always enabled since there is no provision for external bus master In addition to these BHE status signals S0 S1 S2 are also latched QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 5 1 WO As the CPU operates in maximum mode the 8288 Bus controller is used to decode the status signals and to provide all the control signals 5 1 4 CORRECTED BHE 8086 processor generates a BHE signal on pin 34 and this signal is used to access the devices residing on the upper data bus However 8088 Processor always drives a high signal on pin 34 as its access is always over the lower data bus To accommodate this difference a corrected BHE CBHE signal is used in rest of the system This corrected BHE signal is either the latched BHE signal for 8086 or the inverted latched AO signal for 8088 The setting of SW7 of the DIP Switch indicates the selection of 8086 8088 CPU and the enable signals for the corresponding CPU are derived from the decoding IC at US if 8086 is selected the latched the IC will pass the inverted AO signal as corrected BHE Signal 5 1 5 CPU DATA BUS BlI directional buffers 741S245 s at U 13 U14 and U15 are used to buffer the CPU data bus One of these buffer 741S245 at U15 is used as swap buffer to route the upper data bus to lower data bus when 8088 is selected The enable signal for this bus are derived from CBHE AO DEN from 8288 bus controller and 86SEL sign
115. the component layout dia gram in Appendix C to locate these connectors The signal definitions of these connectors are avail able in Appemdix B J1 5V Power Jack OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 6 5 UJO J2 J3 J4 J5 J J7 J8 J9 AO OV 9 Pin D type female connector for RS 232 C standard 15 Pin Flow Strip for LCD Module 26 Pin parllel I O Connector Default Provision 26 Pin parllel I O Connector Optional 26 Pin connector for system expansion Address and Control signals 26 Pin connector for system expansion Data and Control signals ASCII Keyboard Interface Connector 7 Pin Header for 8253 Timer Counter signals ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL CHAPTER 7 ESA 86 88E PROM PROGRAMMER SYSTEM 7 1 INTRODUTION ESA 86 88E Monitor program supports all the function of ESA EPROM Programmer interface Thus ESA 86 88E in conjuction with this interface module form a powerfull and easy to use EPROM Programmer system This chapter describes the use of this EPROM Programmer system The system Permits the user to program verify blank check amp read any of the popula EPROMs 2716 through 27512 The system hardware consists of the interface module connected to the parallel T O Port of the trainer using a 26 core ribbon connector the software is invoked from the ESA 86 88E monitor itself The EPROM Programmer interface module provide a 28 pin ZIP socket for placing the EPROMs When a 24 pin EPROM is to be places it must be
116. the power to trainer Configure the trainer to serial mode of operation Enable printer driver using onboard DIP switch SW5 by switching it ON Connect the 26 pin end of the printer cable to J4 of ESA 86 88E and the other end to the printer Switch ON the power to trainer as well as the printer Check for proper sign on message as described in chapter 2 QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 6 3 WO Nowifthe command prompt does not appear for serial mode of trainer then check the configuration settings the connector cable and Online ready indicator on the printer When the command prompt appears the printer is assumed to be attached to ESA 86 88E To detach or disable the printer switch off SW5 of on board DIP switch and press RESET NOTE The printer cable may be obtained from ESA as an optional item The user may build a suitable connector using the details given in sections 6 7 6 and 6 7 7 However note that the cable must be short enough to be driven by 8255 port line A maximum length of 3ft is recommended for reliable operation When the printer is attached and enabled any character output to the console display will also be written to the printer For example to obtain a hard copy of the contents of memory location in Hex byte format use the Display command D lt addr1 gt lt addr2 gt lt CR gt The entire contents of memory locations between the specified range will be printed exactly as it appears on the console d
117. the trainer in either mode of operation FE00 01ED PRINT_STRING Prints a string of ASCII characters in memory when a parallel printer is interfaced with the trainer The string is indexed by DS SI where DS is the segment value and SI is the offset address of the starting location of the string The string is terminated by 00H Note that this routine is used for direct output to the printer regardless of whether the printer driver is enabled by DIP Switch FE00 01F3 ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 9 4 CHAPTER 10 PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES This chapter describes some programming examples that can be executed on the ESA 86 88E trainer These examples range from fairly simple ones designed to illustrate the use of various instructions to some comprehensive examples designed to illustrate the use of monitor routines and demonstration examples for onboard peripherals It is strongly urged that the user read this chapter carefully to be able to use ESA 86 88E efficiently The examples are presented in a format that makes it convenient for the user to enter programs using the monitor resident ESA 86 88E Symbolic One line Assmebler The HEX equivalents of the instructions are also given in the examples as they appear during disassembly Thus the user may use Substitute Memory commands and enter the HEX codes at the memory locations directly if so desired NOTE User of RAM starts from 0 2000H and program entry or execution should not begin from an address with
118. tion if Odd Even or All location from the buffer are being programmed PROM Start Absolute starting address of the EPROM from where programming its to begin As soon as P is typed the system will display the current values for the above parameters the user may enter new parameter values value followed by lt CR gt or simply enter lt CR gt ifthe displayed value is not to be changed In case ofany invaild entry the system displays an error message Invalid Parameters for the parameter again Entering lt Esc gt at any stage will cause the system to return to PROM Programmer prompt Note that the parameters must satisfy certain conditions as listed below i PROM type should only be one of the type listed in section 7 1 i Buffer start offset and Buffer End address must either be either even or odd addresses it Buffer end address can be only an offset Segment is not allowed The segment value is the one specified for the buffer start address iv Buffer end address must be greater than or equal to the offset value of the Buffer start address OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 7 3 WO v The EPROM must have enough space to accommodate all the bytes specified by the Buffer start address and Buffer end address i e the following relation must be satisfied EPROM Start buffer end address Buffer Start address 2 lt Highest absolute address of the EPROM NOTE 8086 memory space consists of an even bank and an odd
119. tion with ESA 86 88E Trainer 1 Select the CPU 8086 or 8088 and Mode of Operation using the DIP Switch 2 Select EPROM configuration if necessary Ref Section 2 5 3 Install 8087 NDP if desired Ref Section 2 4 4 Connect the Power Supply of required capacity to ESA 86 88E Ref Section 2 6 Serial Mode Operation 1 Select mode of operation Baud rate and Enable Disable Printer Driver by setting the DIP Switch 2 Connect ESA 86 88 E to Host PC CRT through an RS 232 C cable Interfacing requirements for RS 232 C communication are described in Appendix E 3 The terminal computer system should be powered ON and the driver software should be running Refer Chapter 3 for details of installation of Driver Software and Communication procedures Now the following sign on message should appear on the console depending on the CPU installed ESA 86E MONITOR Vx y or ESA 88E MONITOR Vxy V x y indicates Version x and Revision y The sign on message is followed by the command prompt in the next line The following message appears on the LCD display ESA 86 MONITOR Vx y SER 9600 P 86 OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 2 3 WO The message on the LCD gives information about the CPU being used the mode of operation current Baud rate configuration in case of Serial Mode and the status of the Printe driver If the trainer is configured to work with 8088 CPU in Serial Mode with a Baud rate of 4800 and if the printer driver is enabled the
120. uring Serial operation entering Ctrl C at any time immediately terminates the command Monitor returns to the command entry mode CtrI S stops the output but does not terminate the command Entering CtrH Q now resumes the output from the point where the output is stopped while Ctrl C will terminate the command Note that Ctrl S should be followed only by CtrH Q or Ctrl C no other console input is allowed following CtrHS During stand alone operation the monitor waits for a user strobe viz lt CR gt to refresh and display the next set of data Pressing lt Esc gt instead will terminate the command and the monitor returns to command entry mode ERROR CONDITONS 1 Specifying an end address that is less than the offset value of the start address EXAMPLES 1 Display contents of location 140H relative to DS register Assume DS is set to 0000 D DS 140 lt CR gt 0000 0140 AO OAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 8 WO 2 Display contents of location 100 10CH through 100 125H D100 10C 125 lt CR gt 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 OA OB OC OD OE OF 0100 010C FO 00 00 9C 0100 0110 EA BD 04 BA 00 F2 10 21 A4 35 1417FA FO F1 F5 0100 0120 30 31 32 34 35 In addition to the above the ASCII characters equivalent to the data bytes are also displayed on the right hand side of each line of output only in serial mode of operation The non existent ASCII equivalent data is represented by a In the stand alone mode the output for the above com
121. x2 64K EPROM configuration using jumper setting is described in chapter 2 However the RAM area starts from 0 0000H the memory from 0 000H to 0 1 fffh is used by the system for interrupt Vectors Stack and Assembler data tables Thus user RAM starts from 0 2000H 5 3 1 MEMORTY MAP Memory Type Sockets Used Device Address range in Hex EPROM U17 amp U25 27256 F0000 FFFFF EPROM U17 amp U25 27512 E0000 FFFFF RAM U18 amp U26 62256 00000 OFFFF Optional battery backup provision is available for RAM using an onboard 3 6V Ni Cd cell Refer Appendix C for Component layout diagram 5 4 INTERRUPT SYSTEM Hardware Interrupts the 8086 8088 CPU has two hardware interrupts called NMI and INTR TheNMlor type 2 interrput is connected to the KBINT key on the trainer Providing the vectoring information for this interrupt is entirely left to the user To make use of this interrupt the user should enter the instruction pointer word of the Interrupt Service Routine at address 0 0008H and the code segment word at address 0 000AH Then pressing the NMI service routine address specified by the user An example using the KBINT key is given in chapter 10 The INTR maskable interrupt line is available to user on system expansion bus connector J6 for external inter face Internal Interrupts INT 3 can be used by user programs to return the control to ESA 86 88E monitor INT 1 is reserved by the Monitor and is used for Single stepping Oth
122. y after a carriage return is entered Thus user can carrect the entry errors using the Backspace key The address displayed when the assembler is invoked will bear the current CS and IP register contents unless the user specifies a different address with the A command Ifthe user doesn t wish to change the displayed instruction he can enter the carriage return The location counter will be updated the new value of the location counter is displayed along with the machine code the disassembled instruction at that location and the assembly prompt on the next line The process continues thereafter Ifthe use enter followed by lt CR gt the assembler is terminated and control returns to the ESA 86 88E Monitor command prompt EXAMPLES 1 Invoking the ESA 86 88E symbolic One line Asssembler at the current PC value QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 8 2 WO A lt CR gt 0000 2000 FE CO INC AL A Here the CS amp IP register contents before invoking the Assembler are assumed to be 000H amp 2000H respectively The display format shown is for the serial mode of operation The location counter is followed by a string of the machine code and the current instruction at that address Further the system will output the Assembly prompt A in the next line In the stand alone mode the display format on the LCD is slightly different and is as given below In this format the display string following the location counter is th
123. y dependent on the instructions entered by the user To exit from the user program execution and to return to monitor program the user has the following options At the logical termination of the user program the user can enter the instrcution INT3 Hex code CC This instruction will execution the Type 3 interrupt service routine embedded in the ESA 86 88E Monitor which will break the program at that address and displays all the current register contents and returns to command entry prompt If the user program ends with a HLT instruction Hex Code F4 or continues to execute in an endless loop the user may have to RESET the trainer However upon RESET any previous information of the program contained in segment and status registers will be lost and they are reinitialized to their default values The user can use the breakpoint facility provided with the GO command and can break the program at any desired address With this option the user program breaks at the specified address and control is transferred back to the monitor The details about breakpoint facility are discussed in following section HAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 17 WO 4 5 10 BREAKPOINT FACILTY GO command permits the optional specification of breakpoint address When program reaches the breakpoint address control is transferred to the monitor and contents of all registers are saved Before returning to command entry prompt the monitor displays the message BR f
124. y format will be x lt CR gt AX 1182 BX A113 CX 000F DX 1242 SP 0100 BP 4020 SI 6020 DI 6F20 The monitor now waits for a user strobe viz lt CR gt to refresh the display and output subsequent data DS 0000 SS 0000 ES 0000 CS 0000 IP 0200 FL F046 PC 0000 lt CR gt 2 Examine and modify the SP register and examine the next register i e BP XSP lt CR gt XSP 0100 0110 BP 4020 lt CR gt 4 5 4 MOVE MEMORY COMMAD FUNCTION Move memory command is used to move a block of data from one area of the memory to another area SYNTAX M lt start address gt lt end address gt lt destination address gt lt CR gt OPERATION QAD ESA 86 88E USER MANUAL 4 11 WO 1 To use the move command enter M when prompt for command entry then enter the three required paramenters separated by commas The three paramenters are the start and end address of the memory block to be moved and the start address of the destination block In this command the end address is relative to the segment value specified with start address or implied with the start address i e the current contents of CS register if no segment value is specified Consequently no segment value is permitted with the end address and with each command execution a maximum of 64K bytes can be moved The segment for the destination address is relative to the current CS value unless otherwise specified After entering the three paramenter
125. y of Operation Error of Messages Port Specifications Connector Details Direct Output to Printer ESA 86 88E Connectors ONBOAD PERIPHERALS Introduction Installation Operation 4 9 4 11 4 12 4 13 4 14 4 15 4 17 4 18 4 19 4 21 4 21 PAAPAA y B BWW WN WN ND RRR Fe T nAnmAnrBbBBWWWNN NN e NNDNNDNDDDDDADA VD AD in NN Faded 7 3 2 Tidd 7 3 4 Ta CHAPTER 8 8 1 8 2 8 2 1 8 2 2 8 3 8 3 1 8 3 2 8 3 3 8 3 4 8 3 5 8 4 8 5 8 6 8 7 CHAPTER9 9 1 9 2 CHAPTER 10 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 3 1 10 3 2 10 3 3 10 4 10 5 10 5 1 10 5 4 APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C APPENDIX D APPENDIX E APPENDIX F APPENDIX G APPENDIX H P PROGRAM Command R READ Command B BLANK CHECK Command V VERIFY command E EXIT command So Sl sl Oooow ESA 86 88E SYMBOLIC ONE LINE ASSEMBLER ESA 86 88E Configuration Assemble Command A Format and Operation Assembler Syntax Description Assembler Language Conventions Lable field Mnemonic field Operand field Segment Override option More on usage of Labels Labels Commands Assembler Directives Pseudo Op codes Disassembly Command Z Addressing Mode ESA 86 88E MONITOR ROUTINE Monitor routines dependent on Operating mode Monitor routines independent of Operating mode PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES Familiarization Examples Illustration of ESA 86 88E Monitor routines Programming with Onboard Hardware Use of KBINT Key Programmabl
126. ymbolic One line Assembler for the first session it is advisable to use label clear command described later to clear all random label definitions in the symbol table 8 3 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE CONVENTIONS The different fields in a source statements is described in this section Each line of a source statement can contain a lable field amnemonic field amp an Operand field in that order Thus the general syntax for a source statement involving a CPU instruction will be label lt Mnemonic gt operand s The different fields in a source line are identified by the order in they appear These fields are separated by one or more blank spaces or a comma acting as the delimiters 8 3 1 LABEL FIELD The label field is not exclusive in nature and may be overwitten by mnemonics or assembler directives that are part of the source statement A label can have a maximum of three significant characters The first label character must be an alphabetic character The following character if present can be an alphanumeric ifmore than three character The following characters if present can be an alphanumeric Ifmore three characters are assigned to the label the assembler stores only the first three characters and ignores the others Register names and assembler directives given in the list below form reserved word and cannot be used as labels AH AL ASC AX CS DB DS DSP DW EQU ORG SS ES CH CL CX BH BL BX SP BP SI DLDH DL DX 8 3 2 MNEMONIC FI

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents

Troubleshooting Radiated Emissions  LG 65UB9300 Energy Guide : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive  A Guide to Deploying Subversion for Version Control  Manuel d`Utilisation  Vital CNC Control User Manual (HiCON Integra)  Ultrasonic Coating Thickness Gage  Samsung SGH-M600 دليل المستخدم    LG 55LN5710 Specification Sheet  48-614型 48-615型 48-616型 48-617型 43-060型 43  

Copyright © All rights reserved. Failed to retrieve file