section “Configuring
Contents
1. 14 6 4 4 Generic Tcl Tk problems 15 6 5 Interfacing with Java 0 eee eee tenes 16 7 Standard Prolog compliance 18 amp Miscellany giscticcaxatsexndey Tiaret anaa 192. has installed The message no such file or directory does not refer to sp exe but to the particular libc so version that SICStus expects SICStus is currently available as binary distributions for libc so 6 a k a glibc versions 2 0 2 1 and 2 2 Make sure to download the correct version 3 4 Configure options These issues are mainly of concern when building SICStus from a source distribution Chapter 3 Installation problems 5 Question UNIX I ve changed the arguments to configure but nothing happens Why The configure script maintains a cache file called config cache This file has to be removed between configure runs if you ve changed the arguments Alternatively you can specify cache file dev null1 causing configure to avoid creating a cache file entirely Question UNIX The configure script seems to ignore some of my options Why Make sure that there is no site wide configuration file config site If configure finds one it will print a message similar to loading site script usr local etc config site creating cache config cache checking SICStus version 3 8 5 Leas In this case configure has found a config site in usr local etc The solution is to either remove the file or to set the environment variable CONFIG_SITE to an empty file of your choice For example assuming csh setenv CONFIG_SITE config site echo empty config site gt config site 3 5 Password problems Qu
3. when configuring Tcl Tk This is not enabled by default 6 4 4 Generic Tcl Tk problems Question I get the message tcl_new 1 Can t find a usable init tcl in the following directories This means that Tcl Tk can t find its libraries of tcl code needed for operation This occurs when Tcl Tk has been built but not properly installed You have the option of Chapter 6 Interfacing with other Langauges 16 stating the location of the libraries by means of the environment variables TCL_LIBRARY and TK_LIBRARY See also the Tcl Tk documentation Another reason for this could be if you are not using SICStus 3 8 1 or later The original SICStus 3 8 did not initialize Tcl Tk correctly Question I get the message tcl_eval 3 can t read var Tree no such variable This message can appear in Tcl code which tries to access Prolog variables Example tk_test tk_new Interp tcl_eval Interp 2 global var set Tree set Children set GrandChildren prolog get_tree Tree make_children Tree Children make_grandChildren Tree Children GrandChildren puts var Tree var Children var GrandChildren i cad tk_main_loop tcl_delete Interp The problem is that the argument to the prolog function is just a string that is inter preted by Prolog as a goal There is no connection between the Prolog variables Tree Children and GrandChildren and the Tcl variables with the same name After returning
4. 3 will not be able to determinately select a matching clause based on A as predicates are indexed on the shape of the first argument only which is a list in both clauses Achieving indexing on A is the subject of the next question Question Is SICStus capable of folding unifications across to determinately select a matching clause Consider the following clauses with the above goal expansion plan_tree N _Rest _GuidanceNodes _Indent is_andnode N plan_tree N _Rest _GuidanceNodes _Indent is_ornode N Chapter 5 Generic Prolog Programming 10 In SICStus as in most WAMs indexing is done on the shape of the first argument If all arguments are distinct variables A B C and the first goal is A Term indexing will be done on the shape of Term So to enable indexing on the shape of N you must transform the clause e g to plan_tree N _Rest _GuidanceNodes _Indent plan_tree_flat N _Rest _GuidanceNodes _Indent plan_tree_flat N _Rest _GuidanceNodes _Indent is_andnode N plan_tree_flat N _Rest _GuidanceNodes _Indent is_ornode N With the above goal expansion this code will indeed index on N Question Why doesn t this Fibonacci program work Here s some code that purports to print all the Fibonacci numbers The author of the code expected retract 1 to backtrack forever finding ever new fibs 2 facts print_fibs retractall fib _ assert fibs 1 1 r
5. SICStus Prolog Frequently Asked Questions by the Intelligent Systems Laboratory Swedish Institute of Computer Science PO Box 1263 SE 164 29 Kista Sweden Release 3 10 1 April 2003 Swedish Institute of Computer Science sicstus request sics se http www sics se sicstus Chapter 1 About This Document 1 1 About This Document This is a compilation of frequently asked question related to SICStus Prolog It is maintained by the SICStus Prolog support team Any questions about this FAQ should be sent to sicstus support sics se Questions about SICStus Prolog should be addressed as follows e Bug reports and technical support questions to Report bugs through the web interface http www sics se sicstus bugreport bugreport html or to sicstus support sics se e Questions regarding licensing contracts etc to sicstus request sics se This FAQ is not intended for questions about the Prolog language in general There is a specific Prolog FAQ for that available at http www cs kuleuven ac be remko prolog faq Chapter 2 Introduction 2 2 Introduction Question What is SICStus Prolog Prolog is a simple but powerful programming language developed at the University of Mar seille as a practical tool for programming in logic From a user s point of view the major attraction of the language is ease of programming Clear readable concise programs can be written quickly with few errors SICStus Prolog is owned and maint
6. address your problem submit a bug report by filling in the form http www sics se sicstus bugreport bugreport html If you are using an academic license for example if you are a student then you should primarily consult with the maintenance contact at your site Chapter 3 Installation problems 4 3 Installation problems Some of the problems in this sections are UNIX Windows specific These are marked UNIX Windows 3 1 Windows Installer Problems Question Windows NT 4 The installer complains that MSIEXEC cannot be found This happens if the installing user does not have Administrator rights Either install as the user Administrator or ensure that the installing user have these rights during installation If this is unclear please contact your system administrator This problem should not happen on other versions of Windows 3 2 Corrupted binary files Question UNIX gzip says stdin not in gzip format This means that the input piped to gzip has been corrupted in some way The most likely cause is that the original file file tar gz was downloaded incorrectly typically in ASCII mode instead of binary mode 3 3 Linux C libraries Question UNIX I get the message sp exe no such file or directory when running SICStus even though sp exe is there What s wrong This error message appears when SICStus has been compiled using a different version of libc so than your machine
7. ained by the Swedish Institute of Computer Science Parts of the system were developed by the project Industrialization of SICStus Prolog in collaboration with Ericsson Telecom AB NobelTech Systems AB Infologics AB and Televerket SICStus Prolog follows the mainstream Prolog tradition in terms of syntax and built in predicates As of release 3 8 SICStus Prolog provides two execution modes the iso mode which is fully compliant with the International Standard ISO IEC 13211 1 PROLOG Part 1 General Core and the sicstus mode which is largely compatible with e g C Prolog and Quintus Prolog supports code written in earlier versions of SICStus Prolog Question Where can I get more information about SICStus Prolog The main source of information about SICStus Prolog is the WWW site at http www sics se sicstus and in particular the User s Manual Release Notes and this FAQ list at http www sics se isl sicstuswww site documentation html Question Does SICStus run on platform XYZ SICStus runs under most UNIX dialects and under Windows 98 NT 2000 For a current list of supported platforms see the release notes Question What do I need to run SICStus e Disk space 100 MB should be enough for packing up the binary installer and perform ing the installation The actual installation will use less than half of that 100 MB should also be enough to compile SICStus from the sources e Memory usage At least 8 16 Mb RAM b
8. al and the release notes Chapter 6 Interfacing with other Langauges 13 6 4 Interfacing with Tcl Tk 6 4 1 Installing the Tcl Tk library module under UNIX NOTE This section applies to UNIX binary distributions only As of 3 8 the Tcl Tk library module is automatically configured by the installation script InstallSICStus after asking a few simple questions Question When InstallSICStus asks for the Tcl Tk installation path which path should I specify The installation path should be specified such that installation path lib contains the Tcl Tk libraries libtcl lt version gt so This is the same as the value of the prefix options specified to Tcl Tk s configure script Question My Tcl and Tk installation are not in the same directory What should I do Unfortunately there is no solution to this yet You need to install Tcl Tk in the same directory in order for Instal1SICStus to find them 6 4 2 Configuring the Tcl Tk library module under Windows Question I need to use a different Tcl Tk version from the one SICStus is compiled against How do I do The symptom of this is that Windows complains about not finding tcl lt ver gt d11 See the release notes for what version of Tcl Tk was used to build SICStus If you want to use another Tcl Tk version you need to recompile library tcltk You can do this by following these steps Please do not embark on this unless you are fairly familiar with command prompts an
9. d compilation procedures 1 You need MSVC version 6 0 or later 5 x or 4 x might work but have not been tested 2 Build a new Tcl Tk foreign resource assuming Bash Cygwin cd library x86 win32 nt 4 mkdir tcltk_new cd tcltk_new splfr cflag Ic path to Tcl include tcltk c tcltk pl c path to cp tcltk dll tcltk d1l If you do not have a shell which expands c you need to replace tcltk c with the name of all C source files in tcltk Also don t forget to adjust the actual paths to your Tcl Tk installation directory Chapter 6 Interfacing with other Langauges 14 The following sample session shows how it may look splfr cflag Ih MS_Windows_2000 Tcl include tcltk c tcltk pl h SIcStus 3 10 0 x86 win32 nt 4 Sat Jan 11 15 04 03 2003 Licensed to sics tcltk_glue_1084_1044046414 c generated 20 msec tcltk_glue h generated 20 msec tcl c tcltk tcl c 223 warning C4090 function different const qualifiers tcltk tcl c 223 warning C4024 sptcl_save_error different types for fi tcltk tcl c 323 warning C4090 function different const qualifiers tcltk tcl c 323 warning C4024 sptcl_save_error different types for fi tcltk tcl c 374 warning C4090 function different const qualifiers tcltk tcl c 374 warning C4024 sptcl_save_error different
10. er 4 Runtime problems 7 4 Runtime problems 4 1 Memory allocation problems Question I get the message Memory allocation failed A generic limitation of SICStus Prolog is that it cannot use more than 256 Mb of virtual memory on 32 bit architectures This is an artifact of the tagged pointer scheme that we use We have plans for replacing the tagging scheme but it s a long term project See the section Generic limitations in the Release Notes for additional details Chapter 5 Generic Prolog Programming 8 5 Generic Prolog Programming Question How can I split a module into several source code files You need a main file for the module e g main pl and several subfiles e g sub1 pl sub2 pl Lay out the main file as follows module ModuleName ExportList clauses directives ensure_loaded sub1 clauses directives ensure_loaded sub2 The subfiles can contain any clauses and directives including ensure_loaded 1 directives but not module 2 directives An alternative is to use an include declaration Question How can I make the compiler abort the compilation if it encounters a syntax error This can be done by defining user message_hook 3 appropriately user user consulting user message_hook error _ Lines i print_message_lines user_error error Lines abort end_of_file consulted user in module user 0 msec 24 bytes x This will intercept any err
11. estion Windows When asked for the installation password I typed it but it doesn t work Why There are three pieces of information that you must not mix up e The password to the FTP HTTP site containing the SICStus distributions e The password required by the installation program e Your license code which comes with a site name and an expiration date 3 6 Problems getting started Question I get the message Failed to locate bootfile What s wrong The message Failed to locate bootfile means that SICStus cannot find either spds sav or sprt sav depending on whether you are executing a Development System or a Runtime System If you are running a Runtime System you may want to read the chapter Runtime Systems in the User s Manual If you want to execute Runtime Systems on machines which Chapter 3 Installation problems 6 do not have SICStus installed a k a target machines read the sections Runtime Systems on Target Machines in the Release Notes If you get this message running a Development System your installation is probably incon sistent Reinstall SICStus and try again Question D doesn t seem to bring me back a level down after break What s wrong The manual assumes that D is the EOF character Under Windows however it s Z except when running under Emacs In most contexts the term end_of_file terminated by a full stop can be typed instead of the EOF character Chapt
12. etract fibs F1 F2 write F1 nl F3 is FitF2 assert fibs F2 F3 fail If you run it print_fibs 1 no It doesn t work because of the semantics for calls to dynamic predicates in the presence of asserts and retracts SICStus Prolog complies with the ISO Prolog standard in this respect Clause 7 5 4 of the standard reads Any change in the database that occurs as the result of executing a goal for example when the activator of a subgoal is a call of assertz 1 or retract 1 shall affect only an activation whose execution begins afterwards The change shall not affect any activation that is currently being executed In the above example the retract 1 goal is unaffected by the subsequent assert and only succeeds once Chapter 5 Generic Prolog Programming 11 Question The query X 97 X name A X loops Is it a bug It is possible and sometimes useful to write programs which unify a variable to a term in which that variable occurs thus creating a cyclic term The usual LP theory forbids the creation of cyclic terms dictating that an occurs check should be done each time a variable is unified with a term Unfortunately an occurs check would be so expensive as to render Prolog impractical as a programming language Thus cyclic terms may be created and may cause loops trying to print them SICStus Prolog mitigates the problem by its ability to unify compare assert and copy cyclic terms without looping The wri
13. from prolog the values which the Prolog variables have been bound to are assigned to the array variable prolog_variables So replacing var in your example with prolog_variables makes it work 6 5 Interfacing with Java Question I m having basic trouble in getting Java to work What should I do First try to get a simple Hello world program to work that does not use Jasper A large portion of the support questions we get are unrelated to the SICStus Java interface Once you can compile and run your own Java classes it should be relatively easy to get Jasper to work Read the Release Notes and the User s Manual and the section in them related to Jasper Question I want to use Jasper from an applet but my browser won t let me What s wrong Chapter 6 Interfacing with other Langauges 17 Jasper is built as a layer on top of SICStus C Prolog interface and hence Jasper needs to be able to call methods declared as native i e C functions For security reasons this is prohibited in applets This is a serious restriction and future versions of Jasper will most likely allow connecting to the Prolog engine via sockets In the interim there are some examples on this at the Don t Panic page at http www sics se sicstus Question I get the message Failed to locate bootfile when running java ClassUsing Jasper What s wrong The answer to this and related questions can be found in the Jasper chapter of the Re
14. ime linker cannot find Tcl Tk Tcl Tk is configured for installation similar to SICStus by the use of a configure script generated by GNU Autoconf The installation directory is specified by the prefix option The value of this option is referred to as the installation dir below Question The configure script complains that it cannot find Tcl_Init and or Tk_Init What should I do The following message from configure indicates that it could not link a test program with the Tcl Tk libraries checking for Tcl_Init in ltcl8 3 no checking for Tk_Init in 1tk8 3 no The common cause of this is that the compiler cannot find 1tc18 3 and or 1tk8 3 or whichever version it tries to find usually because Tcl Tk has been installed in a non standard directory i e different from usr lib usr local 1ib etc If you ve installed Tcl Tk in installation dir specify the following to configure configure with tcltk installation dir more options The problem can occur even if the Tcl Tk shared libraries can be found but the link phase failed due to other reasons If this occurs it is often useful to look in config log where output from compilation stages etc is logged Question I ve installed Tcl and Tk in different directories What do I do You can use configure with tcl tclinstallpath with tk tkinstallpath Question There are no shared Tcl Tk libraries What has happened You need to specify enable shared
15. lease Notes section Getting Started Chapter 7 Standard Prolog compliance 18 7 Standard Prolog compliance SICStus 3 8 supports standard Prolog adhering to the International Standard ISO IEC 13211 1 PROLOG Part 1 General Core At the same time it also supports programs written in earlier versions of SICStus This is achieved by introducing two execution modes iso and sicstus Users can change between the modes using the Prolog flag language Main issues e The sicstus execution mode is practically identical to 3 7 1 except for minor changes in error term format e The iso mode is fully compliant with ISO standard but no strict conformance mode is provided e The dual mode system supports the gradual transition from legacy SICStus code to ISO Prolog compliant programs e Note that the built in predicates functions and Prolog flags required by the ISO stan dard are also available in sicstus execution mode unless they conflict with existing SICStus predicates or functions This expansion of the language carries a remote risk of name clashes with user code Chapter 8 Miscellany 19 8 Miscellany Question Windows How do I save a transcript of my Prolog session on Windows As of 3 8 3 the Windows console spwin exe can save a transcript of the interaction with the Prolog top level The command is under the File menu You may wish to increase the number of save lines in the Windows Settings u
16. nder the Settings menu Question Windows How do increase the number of history lines used by the Windows console spwin exe See section The console in the SICStus Prolog Release Notes Table of Contents 1 About This Document 1 2 Tntroduction sessies sidde iver dee oseewhd ead 2 3 Installation problems 4444 4 54s 4ssee0 2x500 4 3 1 Windows Installer Problems 00 0000s eee eens 4 3 2 Corrupted binary files 0 000 eee ee eee 4 23 inte bra ries ovnd20 tae Medea ghd edad bed Band dae ee 4 34 Confipure Options 2 45 s0ceeb aspran enced ease nae 4 3 5 Password problems 000 cece eee eee e eens 5 3 6 Problems getting started 0 c cece eee eee ee 5 4 Runtime problems sss560 600s se eesees ee ees 7 4 1 Memory allocation problems 0002000ee eee 7 5 Generic Prolog Programming 8 6 Interfacing with other Langauges 12 6 1 Interfacing with UNIX inata iid aaan a aat 12 6 2 Interfacing with C 0 eee eee eee 12 6 3 Interfacing with Visual Basic 000200 eee 12 6 4 Interfacing with Vel ys cysteioiwse gaia onsen sR oaneqss 12 6 4 1 Installing the Tcl Tk library module under UNIX EEEE E E E create AE A e anemerm cara E EE 13 6 4 2 Configuring the Tcl Tk library module under WiIndOWS is avian a ii as deaa aaa ede a lech e ate es 13 6 4 3 Compiling SICStus with Tcl Tk support
17. or message print the message and abort user consulting user P P Syntax error operator expected after expression in line 39 P lt lt here gt gt pa consulted user in module user O msec 16 bytes Execution aborted ra aes eee a a ee a 4 Chapter 5 Generic Prolog Programming 9 Question How can I write access predicates for terms without paying a performance penalty There is support for unfolding predicates at compile time user goal_expansion 3 For example assume that is_ornode X is_andnode X is true if the shape principal func tor of X is or 2 and 2 If you consult the following multifile user goal_expansion 3 dynamic user goal_expansion 3 user goal_expansion is_ornode Term _ Term or _ _ user goal_expansion is_andnode Term _ Term and _ _ plan_tree N _Rest _GuidanceNodes _Indent is_andnode N plan_tree N _Rest _GuidanceNodes _Indent is_ornode N then plan_tree 3 becomes transformed to plan_tree Al_ _ _ A and _ _ plan_tree Al_ _ _ A or _ _ If you are using fcompile 1 make sure that the definition of user goal_expansion 3 and anything else that the compiler needs to know has been loaded at fcompile time A common idiom is ensure_loaded SetOfFiles fcompile SetOfFiles Note that fcompile 1 is obsolescent with the introduction of partial saved states po files Note also that plan_tree
18. te_term 2 3 built in predicate can optionally handle cyclic terms Unification with occurs check is available as a built in predicate Predicates testing a cyclicity are available in a library package Other predicates usually do not handle cyclic terms well Chapter 6 Interfacing with other Langauges 12 6 Interfacing with other Langauges 6 1 Interfacing with UNIX Question UNIX How can I turn a Prolog source file into a UNIX script to be invoked from the command line or from a Web application for example Wrap the file into an executable Shell script which simply invokes SICStus Informational messages can be filtered out by redirecting stderr to dev null For example bin sh exec sicstus 2 gt dev null f a lt lt EOF Tell SICStus to consult the sources The embedded command invokes main Args where Args is the script s arguments passed as a list of atoms user main Args format Hello world n c Invoked with args q n Args prolog_flag argv Args main Args EOF The above script can be invoked as follows scheutz gt hw sh a 236U ka ka Hello world Invoked with args a 236U ka ka 6 2 Interfacing with C See the Don t Panic page for some examples of how to interface SICStus with C The ex amples use Microsoft Visual C but the same technique can be adapted to other compilers e g gcc on unix 6 3 Interfacing with Visual Basic See the manu
19. types for f tk c tcltk tk c 134 warning C4090 function different const qualifiers tcltk tk c 134 warning C4024 sptcl_save_error different types for fo tcltk tk c 162 warning C4090 function different const qualifiers tcltk tk c 162 warning C4024 sptcl_save_error different types for fo tkappini c tkterm c util c tcltk_glue_1084_1044046414 c Creating library dummy lib and object dummy exp cp tcltk dll tcltk d1l 3 Test your new resource sicstus i SIcStus 3 10 0 x86 win32 nt 4 Sat Jan 11 15 04 03 2003 Licensed to sics use_module library tcltk loading c program files sicstus prolog 3 10 0 library tcltk po module tcltk imported into user loading foreign resource c program files sicstus prolog 3 10 0 library x86 win loaded c program files sicstus prolog 3 10 0 library tcltk po in module tcltk yes 6 4 3 Compiling SICStus with Tcl Tk support NOTE This section is only relevant when compiling source distributions with support for Tcl Tk Most UNIX machines today have Tcl Tk preinstalled This reduces the risk of installation difficulties since the linker and the runtime linker usually finds Tcl Tk in its default paths Most other installation and or configuration problems related to Tcl Tk are caused by Chapter 6 Interfacing with other Langauges 15 improper installation or installation in a path where the linker and runt
20. ut more memory is recommended e In order to use library tcltk you need a Tcl Tk installation on your machine see the release notes for information about what Tcl Tk version you need and where you can get it e In order to use library jasper you need a JNI compatible Java installation See the release notes for supported versions and where you can get it Chapter 2 Introduction 3 e In order to use library bdb you need a Berkeley DB See the release notes for sup ported versions and where you gan get it Question How can I get SICStus SICStus is a commercial product and licensing information can be found on the WWW site http www sics se sicstus Free evaluation licenses are available Upon completed license agreement you will receive a mail containing download instructions including confidential passwords and encryption keys Be sure to read the Release Notes before installation If you are a university student your department may have acquired the right to sub license SICStus to its students If that is the case your department should provide to you download instructions and license codes for the relevant distributions Your professor should know Question How do I report a bug or some other problem If you think you ve discovered a bug or if you have another problem first read this FAQ list the release notes and the list of known bugs at the Don t Panic page page at http www sics se sicstus If these do not
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