BrightEye 92-M Manual 2.4
Contents
1. BrightEye 92 M HD Downconverter User Guide ENSEMBLE This user guide provides detailed information for using the BrightEye 92 M HD downconverter The information is organized into the following sections e Product Overview e Functional Description e Applications e Rear Connectors e Operation e Front Panel Controls and Indicators e Using the BrightEye Control Application e Warranty and Factory Service e Specifications e Glossary BrightEye 92 M Page 1 BrightEye 92 M Downconverter PRODUCT OVERVIEW BrightEye 92 M is a flexible configurable downconverter with analog and digital outputs It downconverts high definition HD signals into standard definition SD and performs aspect ratio conversion as needed The built in frame synchronizer handles any asynchronous signals fed to the unit Audio is bypassed around the video processing in order to preserve lip sync Up to sixteen channels of embedded audio are supported You can select one pair to monitor through the Audio Monitor headphone jack from the Audio Out menu The rear panel HDMI output connector is compatible with many LCD monitors and allows confidence monitoring of signal feeds Basic controls are accessed on the front panel BrightEye PC and Mac Control applications provide access to video processing functions FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION As shown in the diagram below HD video is fed to the serial digital receiver and the frame synchronized to the refer2. time compression and decompression of television possible Today there are many variations of these techniques and the term MPEG has to some extent become a broad generic label Metadata This word comes from the Greek meta means beyond or after When used as a prefix to data it can be thought of as data about the data In other words the metadata in a data stream tells you about that data but it is not the data itself In the television industry this word is sometimes used correctly when for example we label as metadata the timecode which accompanies a video signal That timecode tells you something about the video i e when it was shot but the timecode in and of itself is of no interest But in our industry s usual slovenly way in matters linguistic the term metadata has also come to be used to describe data that is associated with the primary video in a datastream So embedded audio will incorrectly be called metadata when it tells us nothing at all about the pictures Oh well Multi mode Multi mode fibers have a larger diameter core than single mode fibers either 50 or 62 5 microns compared to 9 microns and a correspondingly larger aperture It is much easier to couple light energy into a multi mode fiber but internal reflections will cause multiple modes of the signal to propagate down the fiber This will degrade the ability of the fiber to be used over long distances See also Single Mode NTSC The
3. Ensemble s expense if the unit should be determined to be defective after consultation with a factory technician This warranty is not transferable Any implied warranties expire at the expiration date of this warranty This warranty does not cover a defect that has resulted from improper or unreasonable use or maintenance as determined by us This warranty is void if there is any attempt to dissemble or adjust factory set presets without factory authorization Illuminates green when power is applied to the unit and the internal voltage regulator is functioning correctly Factory Service If you require service under warranty or not please contact Ensemble Designs and ask for Customer Service before you return the unit This will allow the service technician to provide any other suggestions for identifying the problem and recommend possible solutions You may also refer to the technical support section of the Ensemble web site for the latest information on your equipment at the URL below http www ensembledesigns com support If you return equipment for repair please get a Return Material Authorization Number RMA from the factory first Ship the product and a written description of the problem to Ensemble Designs Inc Attention Customer Service RMA 870 Gold Flat Rd Nevada City CA 95959 USA 530 478 1830 Fax 530 478 1832 service ensembledesigns com http www ensembledesigns com Be sure to put your
4. H 264 The latest salvo in the compression wars is H 264 which is also known as MPEG 4 Part 10 MPEG 4 promises good results at just half the bit rate required by MPEG 2 HD High Definition This two letter acronym has certainly become very popular Here we thought it was all about the pictures and the radio industry stole it HDMI The High Definition Multimedia Interface comes to us from the consumer marketplace where it is becoming the de facto standard for the digital interconnect of display devices to audio and video sources It is an uncompressed all digital interface that transmits digital video and eight channels of digital audio HDMI is a bit serial interface that carries the video content in digital component form over multiple twisted pairs HDMI is closely related to the DVI interface for desktop computers and their displays BrightEye 92 M Page 24 gt BrightEye 92 M IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission provides a wide range of worldwide standards They have provided standardization of the AC power connection to products by means of an IEC line cord The connection point uses three flat contact blades in a triangular arrangement set in a rectangular connector The IEC specification does not dictate line voltage or frequency Therefore the user must take care to verify that a device either has a universal input capable of 90 to 230 volts either 50 or 60 Hz or that a line voltage switch if presen
5. base error is present when there is excessive jitter or uncertainty in the line to line output timing of a video signal This is commonly associated with playback from video tape recorders and is particularly severe with consumer type heterodyne systems like VHS Time base error will render a signal unusable for broadcast or editing purposes Timecode Timecode a method to uniquely identify and label every frame in a video stream has become one of the most recognized standards ever developed by SMPTE It uses a 24 hour clock consisting of hours minutes seconds and television frames Originally recorded on a spare audio track this 2400 baud signal was a significant contributor to the development of video tape editing We now refer to this as LTC or Longitudinal Time Code because it was carried along the edge of the tape This allowed it to be recovered in rewind and fast forward when the picture itself could not Timecode continues to be useful today and is carried in the vertical interval as VITC and as a digital packet as DVITC Timecode is the true metadata BrightEye 92 M Page 28 BrightEye 92 M Tri Level Sync For many many years television systems used composite black as a genlock reference source This was a natural evolution from analog systems to digital implementations With the advent of High Definition television with even higher data rates and tighter jitter requirements problems with this legacy genlock signal s
6. color television encoding system used in North America was originally defined by the National Television Standards Committee This American standard has also been adopted by Canada Mexico Japan Korea and Taiwan This standard is referred to disparagingly as Never Twice Same Color Optical An optical interface between two devices carries data by modulating a light source This light source is typically a laser or laser diode similar to an LED which is turned on and off at the bitrate of the datastream The light is carried from one device to another through a glass fiber The fiber s core acts as a waveguide or lightpipe to carry the light energy from one end to another Optical transmission has two very significant advantages over metallic copper cables Firstly it does not require that the two endpoint devices have any electrical connection to each other This can be very advantageous in large facilities where problems with ground loops appear And secondly and most importantly an optical interface can carry a signal for many kilometers or miles without any degradation or loss in the recovered signal Copper is barely useful at distances of just 1000 feet BrightEye 92 M Page 26 BrightEye 92 M Oversampling A technique to perform digital sampling at a multiple of the required sample rate This has the advantage of raising the Nyquist Rate the maximum frequency which can be reproduced by a given sample rate much higher th
7. entering a value directly into the field Click the Default buttons to return settings to their default values videoin Mode Manual Config Proa Video Out Audio Out Gain Default t 100 pent Chroma Default tH i 100 pent Pedestal Detar o f RE Hue Default er gt 0 degrees BrightEye 92 M Page 13 BrightEye 92 M Downconverter Video Out NOTE Hor Timing use this control to adjust the horizontal timing of the output signal to place the leading edge of sync coincident with other sources range is 2000 to 2000 clocks default is 0 clocks Vert Timing sets the vertical timing to a typical setting of 0 lines range is 1000 to 1000 lines default is 0 lines Test Pattern select On or Off On enables the test pattern to be sent to the video output Off disables the test pattern from being sent to the video output HDMI Status reports the status of a monitor or a display connected to the HDMI output No Display DVI Display Unknown HDMI HDMI Non Compat HDMI Native HDMI Compatible Status information comes from the display itself Some displays may not work with the BrightEye 92 M depending on the formats that the display supports For best results use a display that is HDMI Native Captions Out use this control to enable or disable closed captioning if present on the input source material On enables closed captioning by con t
8. of color transmission This scheme encodes the color difference information onto a color subcarrier The instantaneous phase of the subcarrier is the color s hue and the amplitude is the color s saturation or intensity This subcarrier is then added onto the existing luminance video signal This trick works because the subcarrier is set at a high enough frequency to leave spectrum for the luminance information But it is not a seamless matter to pull the signal apart again at the destination in order to display it or process it The resultant artifacts of dot crawl also referred to as chroma crawl are only the most obvious result Composite television is the most BrightEye 92 M Page 22 x BrightEye 92 M commonly used format throughout the world either as PAL or NTSC It is also referred to as Encoded video Color Difference Color Difference systems take advantage of the details of human vision We have more acuity in our black and white vision than we do in color This means that we need only the luminance information to be carried at full bandwidth we can scrimp on the color channels In order to do this RGB information is converted to carry all of the luminance Y is the black and white of the scene in a single channel The other two channels are used to carry the color difference Noted as B Y and R Y these two signals describe how a particular pixel differs from being purely black and white These channels typicall
9. MPTE is also shorthand for one particular component video format luminance and color difference Single Mode A Single mode or mono mode optical fiber carries an optical signal on a very small diameter 9 micron core surrounded with cladding The small diameter means that no internally reflected lightwaves will be propagated Thus only the original mode of the signal passes down the fiber A single mode fiber used in an optical SDI system can carry a signal for up to 20 kilometers Single mode fibers require particular care in their installation due to the extremely small optical aperture that they present at splice and connection points See also Multi mode TBC A Time Base Corrector is a system to reduce the Time Base Error in a signal to acceptable levels It accomplishes this by using a FIFO First In First Out memory The incoming video is written into the memory using its own jittery timing This operation is closely associated with the actual digitization of the analog signal because the varying position of the sync timing must be mimicked by the sampling function of the analog to digital converter A second timing system genlocked to a stable reference is used to read the video back out of the memory The memory acts as a dynamically adjusting delay to smooth out the imperfections in the original signal s timing Very often a TBC will also function as a Frame Synchronizer See also Frame Sync Time Base Error Time
10. RMA number on the outside of the box BrightEye 92 M Page 17 BrightEye 92 M Downconverter Specifications Serial Digital Input Number One Signal Type HD Serial Digital 1 485 Gb s SMPTE 274M 292M 296M Impedance 75 Q Return Loss gt 15dB Max Cable Length 100 meters for 1 485Gb s HD Automatic Input Cable Equalization Reference Input Number One Type 1 V P P Composite Video PAL or NTSC or Tri Level Sync Impedance 75 Q Return Loss gt 40 dB Analog Video Output Number One Type Composite PAL or NTSC Delay Adjustable from 1 field to 1 frame Return Loss gt 40 dB Output DC lt 100 mV Serial Digital Output Number Two Type SD Serial Digital 270Mb s SMPTE 259M Delay Adjustable from 1 field to 1 frame Processing 12 and 16 bit Impedance 75 Q Return Loss gt 15 dB Max Cable Length 300 meters for 270 Mb s SD Belden 1694A HD Standards Supported 1080i 50 59 94 or 60 Hz SMPTE 274M 4 5 6 720p 50 59 94 or 60 Hz SMPTE 296M 1 2 3 1080p 23 98 24 or 25 Hz SMPTE 274M 9 10 11 1080sF 23 98 24 or 25 Hz RP211 14 15 16 Monitor Output Number One Connector HDMI Type Follows SDI out Audio Monitoring Output Number One for monitoring a pair of audio channels Connector 3 5mm stereo mini jack BrightEye 92 M Page 18 BrightEye 92 M General Specifications Size 5 625 W x 1 7 H x 5 5 D 143 mm x 40 mm x 140 mm including connectors Weight 1 lb 7 oz Power 12 volts 10 watts 100 230 VAC modular power suppl
11. ality of the picture information as independent Red Green and Blue signals Television is an additive color system where all three components add to produce white Because the luminance or detail information is carried partially in each of the RGB channels all three must be carried at full bandwidth in order to faithfully reproduce an image ScH Phase Used in composite systems ScH Phase measures the relative phase between the leading edge of sync on line 1 of field 1 and a continuous subcarrier sinewave Due to the arithmetic details of both PAL and NTSC this relationship is not the same at the beginning of each frame In PAL the pattern repeats ever 4 frames 8 fields which is also known as the Bruch Blanking sequence In NTSC the repeat is every 2 frames 4 fields This creates enormous headaches in editing systems and the system timing of analog composite facilities SDI Serial Digital Interface This term refers to inputs and outputs of devices that support serial digital component BrightEye 92 M Page 27 BrightEye 92 M Downconverter video This could refer to standard definition at 270 Mb s HD SDI or High Definition Serial Digital video at 1 485 Gb s or to the newer 3G standard of High Definition video at 2 97 Gb s SMPTE The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers is a professional organization which has done tremendous work in setting standards for both the film and television industries The term S
12. an the desired passband This allows more easily realized anti aliasing filters PAL During the early days of color television in North America European broadcasters developed a competing system called Phase Alternation by Line This slightly more complex system is better able to withstand the differential gain and phase errors that appear in amplifiers and transmission systems Engineers at the BBC claim that it stands for Perfection At Last Pathological Test Pattern see Checkfield Progressive An image scanning technique which progresses through all of the lines in a frame in a single pass Computer monitors all use progressive displays This contrasts to the interlace technique common to television systems Return Loss An idealized input or output circuit will exactly match its desired impedance generally 75 ohms as a purely resistive element with no reactive capacitive or inductive elements In the real world we can only approach the ideal So our real inputs and outputs will have some capacitance and inductance This will create impedance matching errors especially at higher frequencies The Return Loss of an input or output measures how much energy is returned reflected back due to the impedance mismatch For digital circuits a return loss of 15 dB is typical This means that the energy returned is 15 dB less than the original signal In analog circuits a 40 dB figure is expected RGB RGB systems carry the tot
13. c VideoOut Audio Out Mode Letter Box 16 9 HA BrightEye 92 M Page 10 ES BrightEYE 92 M Manual e Width sets the aspect ratio width in percent range is 30 to 145 default is 100 e Height sets the aspect ratio height in percent range is 30 to 140 default is 100 e Hor Position sets the horizontal position of the output range is 100 to 100 default is 0 e Ver Position sets the vertical position of the output range is 100 to 100 default is 0 Make adjustments by clicking and dragging the slider controls by using the up and down arrow buttons or by entering a value directly into the field Click the Default buttons to return settings to their default values Video in Mode Manuali Config Proc VideoOut Audio Out Width TET he 7 Lt 100 41 Height Defaut Smeje 100 l l Hor Position C Defaut meee e 0 4 Ver Position Default igi 0 BrightEye 92 M Page 11 BrightEye 92 M Downconverter Config Noise Reduce adjusts the amount of noise reduction on the output signal from Off Low Medium or High The typical setting for this parameter is Off or Low Detail adjusts the amount of picture detail enhancement on the output from Off Low Medium or High The typical setting for this parameter is Off or Low 3 2 Detect turns the control to detect video that has been converted from film On or Off Use this onl
14. completely transparent to 100 no transparency See Video Out diagram on next page BrightEye 92 M Page 14 Z BrightEye 92 M BrightEye 92 M Page 15 BrightEye 92 M Downconverter Audio Out e Mon Assign choose the audio pair that you want to send to the Audio Monitor headphone jack Choices are Chan 1 2 Chan 3 4 Chan 5 6 Chan 7 8 Chan 9 10 Chan 11 12 Chan 13 14 Chan 15 16 e Mon Volume sets the volume level sent to the headphone jack from 0 to 100 by moving the slider control using the up down arrows or entering a desired level directly in the field and pressing the Enter key on your computer Press the Default button to return to the default setting of 100 e HDMI Assign selects the audio pair that is output on the HDMI Out port The HDMI port carries both audio and video signals Choices are Chan 1 2 Chan 3 4 Chan 5 6 Chan 7 8 Chan 9 10 Chan 11 12 Chan 13 14 Chan 15 16 Video In Mode Manual Config Proc_ Video Out _wAudiovOute Mon Assign Chan 1 2 H Mon Volume C Defaui a oo 4 gt HDMI Assign Chan 1 2 4 BrightEye 92 M Page 16 BrightEye 92 M WARRANTY AND FACTORY SERVICE Warranty Ensemble Designs Inc warrants this product to be free from defect in material and workmanship for a period of five years from the date of delivery During this five year warranty period Ensemble Designs Inc will repair any defective units at
15. e serialized at 270 Mb s Jitter Serial digital signals either video or audio are subject to the effects of jitter This refers to the instantaneous error that can occur from one bit to the next in the exact position of each digital transition Although the signal may be at the correct frequency on average in the interim it varies Some bits come slightly early others come slightly late The measurement of this jitter is given either as the amount of time uncertainty or as the fraction of a bit width For 270 Mb s SD video the allowable jitter is 740 picoseconds or 0 2 UI Unit Interval one bit width For 1 485 Gb s HD the same 0 2UI spec corresponds to just 135 pico seconds Luminance The black amp white content of the image Human vision had more acuity in luminance so television systems generally devote more bandwidth to the luminance content In component systems the luminance is referred to as Y BrightEye 92 M Page 25 BrightEye 92 M Downconverter MPEG The Moving Picture Experts Group is an industry group that develops standards for the compression of moving pictures for television Their work is an on going effort The understanding of image processing and information theory is constantly expanding And the raw bandwidth of both the hardware and software used for this work is ever increasing Accordingly the compression methods available today are far superior to the algorithms that originally made the real
16. egative or positive transitions or closed where those transitions are encroaching toward the center In the first case the open eye indicates that recovery of data from the stream can be made reliably and with few errors But in the closed case data will be difficult to extract and bit errors will occur Generally it is jitter in the signal that is the enemy of the eye Frame Sync A Frame Synchronizer is used to synchronize the timing of a video signal to coincide with a timing reference usually a color black signal that is distributed throughout a facility The synchronizer accomplishes this by writing the incoming video into a frame buffer memory under the timing direction of the sync information contained in that video Simultaneously the memory is being read back by a timing system that is genlocked to a house reference As a result the timing or alignment of the video frame can be adjusted so that the scan of the upper left corner of the image is happening simultaneously on all sources This is a requirement for both analog and digital systems in order to perform video effects or switch glitch free in a router Frame synchronization can only be performed within a single television line standard A synchronizer will not convert an NTSC signal to a PAL signal it takes a standards converter to do that Frequency Response A measurement of the accuracy of a system to carry or reproduce a range of signal frequencies Similar to Bandwidth
17. ence input Audio is demuxed and passed around the downconversion process The video is downconverted to standard definition The video and audio signals are joined in the embedder This embedded signal passes through a serializer to the SD SDI outputs Additionally an analog composite output is provided The HDMI connector outputs the same video signal that appears on the SDI and composite outputs Two channels of audio can be monitored on the headphone jack BrightEye 92 M is powered by a 12 volt DC universal power supply This power supply can accept an input voltage between 100 and 230 volts at 50 or 60 Hertz It uses a standard IEC line cord and can be used anywhere in the world It is normal for the converter to be quite warm to the touch when operating Composite or Tri Level Ref In g__ Genlock SDI Driver HD SDI SD SDI Out CE 7 Downconversion Video In Composite SDI Ga eceiver Out Encoder bo Audio Encoder CS Demux HDMI Out MEMI Xmtr Headphone Jack Monitor Provides embedded pass through of all 16 audio channels BrightEye 92 M Functional Block Diagram BrightEye 92 M Page 2 Z BrightEye 92 M PERFORMANCE ADVANTAGES OF THE BRIGHTEYE SERIES When images are converted between different formats color spaces and resolution geometries the need for accuracy and fidelity are extremely important Whether upconverting from standard definition to HD formats converting between differen
18. er guide HDMI Out Connect an LCD monitor to this port for confidence monitoring of a video feed Audio Monitor Connect a headset to this 3 5 mm mini jack to monitor the pair of audio channels selected from the Mon Assign control on the Audio Out menu Input Output BNCs There are five rear BNC connectors used as inputs and outputs as follows SD SDI Out This BNC outputs a timed standard definition SDI video signal with embedded audio SD SDI Out This BNC also outputs a timed SD SDI video signal with embedded audio Cpst Out This BNC outputs a timed analog composite NTSC or PAL video signal BrightEye 92 M Page 5 BrightEye 92 M Downconverter HD SDI In This BNC input accepts an HD SDI serial digital video signal with or without embedded audio Ref In This BNC accepts an analog composite video signal or Tri Level Sync reference which is used as the genlock and timing reference for the internal Frame Synchronizer Typically the reference signal is Color Black or Color Bars fed from a master sync generator such as the BrightEye 55 OPERATION NOTE Control and operation of the BrightEye 92 M is performed from the front panel or remotely from a networked PC with the BrightEye PC or BrightEye Mac Control application Some control settings are only available with BrightEye PC or Mac These parameters cannot be monitored or controlled from the front panel Front Panel Controls and Indicators The front
19. htEye 92 M Downconverter APPLICATIONS HD Downconversion 1 As shown in the example below the HD ingest signal from a satellite is fed to a BE 92 M where it is downconverted to feed an SD Master Control Switcher The other output can be sent to another SD destination ne HD Signal In HD Downconversion 2 As shown in the example below the BrightEye 92 M can be used to monitor material originated in HD The BrightEye 92 M can output signals to feed a server video monitor BE 92 M Downconversion gt and HDMI display simultaneously HD Camera HD SDI BE 92 M Composite SD Master P Control Switcher Other SD Destinations House Reference SD SDI BrightEye 92 M Page 4 Server Monitor LCD Display BrightEye 92 M REAR CONNECTORS All connections to the BrightEye 92 M are made on the rear of the unit Refer to the photo below gt i G BrightEye 92 M BrightEye 92 M Rear Connectors Power Connection Connect a modular power supply to the 12 volt DC power input connection on the far left of the unit Use the locking ring to secure it USB Connector Connect a PC or Mac to the USB connector to enable more comprehensive control diagnostics and upgrades to the BE 92 M Use the BrightEye PC or Mac applica tion included on CD ROM to make adjustments as described in the OPERATION section of this us
20. inuously transmitting captions including any null or empty caption packets Off disables closed captioning by stripping captions from the source material The BrightEye 92 M translates between CEA 608 and CEA 708 standards for closed captioning as needed Note that closed captions are not supported for 1080p and 1080sF outputs Graticule use this control to display on screen graticule lines These alignment markers facilitate film transfer post production and quality control measurements relating to picture location for both the 4 3 and 16 9 aspect ratios Safe Title displays the safe title boxes SD Protect Only displays only the SD Protect area without displaying the safe title boxes Off disables graticules Target use this control to select the monitor on which graticule lines are displayed Choices are All Outputs Main Only the unit s output BNCs or HDMI Only Hor Flip Horizontal Flip is a special Mirror Output Mode that is useful for flipping the image left to right for use with on screen talent or with prism lens cameras Select On to flip the output image left to right Select Off after Reset to turn Mirror Output Mode off Power down the module and turn it back on for the Off selection to take effect Color use this control to set the color of the graticule lines Choices are White Gray Black Red Blue and Green Transparency use this control to adjust the transparency of the graticule lines from 0
21. nnected to a computer running this software the following menus are available for controlling and monitoring the unit Video In e Input Pres indicates the status of the video input 720p 50 720p 59 94 720p 60 1080i 50 1080i 59 94 1080i 60 1080p 25 1080p 23 98 1080p 24 1080sF 25 1080sF 23 98 1080sF 24 No Input or Unknown e Captions In indicates the presence of closed captioned material on the input signal None Line 21 CEA 708 The BrightEye 92 M translates between CEA 608 and CEA 708 standards for closed captioning as needed e Ref Source use this control to set the reference input source Video In Ref indicates that the SD video output will be locked to the incoming video signal Ext Ref indicates that the SD video output will be locked to the external reference input e Reference indicates the status of a reference video presence Ref Mismatch Ref Unlocked Ref TLS Lock No Reference Ref 525 Lock Ref 625 Lock Video In Mode Manual Config Proc j Video Out Audio Out Input Pres Captions In 1080i 59 94 None Ref Source Reference Ext Ref EA Ref TLS Lock BrightEye 92 M Page 9 BrightEye 92 M Downconverter Mode e Mode use this control to set the aspect ratio for the downconverted SD video output Anamorphic Letter Box 16 9 Letter Box 14 9 Crop Manual When Manual is selected use the Manual menu to set the aspect ratio Video In Mode Manual Config Pro
22. ore long winded Y R Y B Y Y Cr Cb In digital component video the luminance component is Y and the two color difference signals are Cr R Y and Cb B Y Y Pr Pb In analog component video the image is carried in three components The luminance is Y the R Y color difference signal is Pr and the B Y color difference signal is Pb BrightEye 92 M Page 30
23. panel of the BrightEye 92 M shown below provides status and control indicators for the module BrightEye 92 M Ho downconverter FH ENSEMBLE DHE Si SG NS BrightEye 92 M Front Panel BrightEye 92 M Page 6 BrightEye 92 M Status Indicators The following status indicators and controls are provided on the front panel Embed In Illuminates green when an embedded audio stream is detected on the HD SDI In video input BNC Mon Vol Monitor Volume Illuminates green when audio monitor volume is set to unity or red when set to other than unity This control affects the audio headset jack output Input Illuminated green when a valid HD video signal is detected on the HD SDI In video input BNC Ref Reference illuminates green when a valid composite or Tri Level Sync reference is detected on the Ref input BNC Mode Indicates the output aspect ratio of the output signal Choices are e Anamorphic original material shrinks as needed to 4 3 e Box Letter Box horizontal bars are added to the top and bottom of the original material e Crop right and left edges are cropped off the original material e Manual illuminates green when the output aspect ratio has been set manually Bars Illuminates green when color bars are selected for the output Graticule Illuminates green when the on screen aspect ratio graticule is displayed Gain Illuminates green when video gain is set to unity or red when set to othe
24. r than unity Pwr Power Illuminates green when power is applied to the unit and the internal voltage regulator is functioning correctly BrightEye 92 M Page 7 BrightEye 92 M Downconverter ADJUSTING PARAMETERS FROM THE FRONT PANEL NOTE Use the Mode Right Arrow and Left Arrow buttons to select and adjust parameters from the front panel Pressing the Mode button activates the front panel for editing and tabs between each section of editable parameters Pressing the Right Arrow or Left Arrow advances the selection within a given section of parameters or increases Right Arrow or decreases Left Arrow the value of a selected parameter The LED of an edited parameter will blink for 15 seconds after which time its value is stored in memory If power is interrupted before this 15 second timeout period has elapsed the edited state will not be not saved BrightEye 92 M Page 8 BrightEye 92 M USING THE BRIGHTEYE CONTROL APPLICATION The BrightEye PC and BrightEye Mac applications included on CD ROM are designed to allow you to configure and control the BrightEye 92 M from a personal computer Installation and instructions for using this software application are given in the PDF manual on disk BrightEye PC Mac Control application software is included on CD that came with your unit or the application can be downloaded here http www ensembledesigns com support brighteye support If the BrightEye 92 M is co
25. re wave at the audio sampling frequency is carried on a 75 ohm coaxial cable Early systems would daisychain this 44 1 or 48 kilohertz clock from one device to another with coax cable and Tee connectors On the rising edge of this Work Clock these twisted pairs would carry the left channel while on the falling edge they would carry the right channel In most television systems using digital audio the audio sample clock frequency and hence the genlock between the audio and video worlds is derived from the video genlock signal But products that are purely audio with no video reference capa bility may still require Word Clock WSS Wide Screen Signaling is used in the PAL 625 video standards both in analog and digital form to convey information about the aspect ratio and format of the transmitted signal Carried in the vertical interval much like closed captioning it can be used to signal a television receiver to adjust its vertical or horizontal sizing to reflect incoming material Although an NTSC specification for WSS exists it never achieved any traction in the marketplace BrightEye 92 M Page 29 BrightEye 92 M Downconverter Strictly speaking YUV does not apply to component video The letters refer to the Luminance Y and the U and V encoding axes using in the PAL composite system Since the U axis is very close to the B Y axis and the V axis is very close to the R Y axis YUV is often used as a sort of shorthand for the m
26. rts a data packet in the vertical interval of the SDI signal and every line of the HD signal which contains a checksum of the entire video frame This checksum is formed by adding up the numerical values of all of the samples in the frame using a complex formula At the destination this same formula is applied to the incoming video and the resulting value is compared to the one included in the transmission If they match then the content has all arrived with no errors If they don t then an error has occurred Embedded Audio Digital Audio can be carried along in the same bitstream as an SDI or HD SDI signal by taking advantage of the gaps in the transmission which correspond to the horizontal and vertical intervals of the television waveform This technique BrightEye 92 M Page 23 BrightEye 92 M Downconverter can be very cost effective in transmission and routing but can also add complexi ty to signal handling issues because the audio content can no longer be treated independently of the video Eye Pattern To analyze a digital bitstream the signal can be displayed visually on an oscilloscope by triggering the horizontal timebase with a clock extracted from the stream Since the bit positions in the stream form a very regular cadence the resulting display will look like an eye an oval with slightly pointed left and right ends It is easy to see from this display if the eye is open with a large central area that is free of n
27. s A single bit can take on one of two states On Off Low High Asserted Deasserted etc It is represented numerically by the numerals 1 one and 0 zero A byte containing 8 bits can represent 256 different states The binary number 11010111 for example has the value of 215 in our base 10 numbering system When a value is carried digitally each additional bit of resolution will double the number of different states that can be represented Systems that operate with a greater BrightEye 92 M Page 21 BrightEye 92 M Downconverter number of bits of resolution or quantization will be able to capture a signal with more detail or fidelity Thus a video digitizer with 12 bits of resolution will capture 4 times as much detail as one with 10 bits Blanking The Horizontal and Vertical blanking intervals of a television signal refer to the time periods between lines and between fields No picture information is transmitted during these times which are required in CRT displays to allow the electron beam to be repositioned for the start of the next line or field They are also used to carry synchronizing pulses which are used in transmission and recovery of the image Although some of these needs are disappearing the intervals themselves are retained for compatibility purposes They have turned out to be very useful for the transmission of additional content such as teletext and embedded audio CAV Component Analog Video This is a con
28. t is set correctly Interlace Human vision can be fooled to see motion by presenting a series of images each with a small change relative to the previous image In order to eliminate the flicker our eyes need to see more than 30 images per second This is accomplished in television systems by dividing the lines that make up each video frame which run at 25 or 30 frames per second into two fields All of the odd numbered lines are transmitted in the first field the even numbered lines are in the second field In this way the repetition rate is 50 or 60 Hz without using more bandwidth This trick has worked well for years but it introduces other temporal artifacts Motion pictures use a slightly different technique to raise the repetition rate from the original 24 frames that make up each second of film they just project each one twice IRE Video level is measured on the IRE scale where 0 IRE is black and 100 IRE is full white The actual voltages that these levels correspond to can vary between formats ITU R 601 This is the principal standard for standard definition component digital video It defines the luminance and color difference coding system that is also referred to as 4 2 2 The standard applies to both PAL and NTSC derived signals They both will result in an image that contains 720 pixels horizontally with 486 vertical pixels in NTSC and 576 vertically in PAL Both systems use a sample clock rate of 27 Mhz and ar
29. t HD formats or downconverting to SD extra care must be paid to every aspect of the signal and the content of the images The BrightEye series of up down and cross converters were designed specifically with this in mind and provide the highest possible level of signal processing quality Key aspects of this design are 1 2 3 4 5 The Standard Definition analog inputs and outputs feature 12 bit quantization with 4 times oversampling and 4 4 4 internal processing This allows for better separation of real image content from artifacts The RF aspects of the electrical performance of the SDI inputs and outputs have been carefully optimized for reliable and dependable SDI I O performance even under adverse conditions Input signals are upsampled to 4 4 4 spatial resolution in RGB colorspace and adaptively de interlaced This enables all of the geometrical conversions of the image to be performed in the Progressive domain This enhancement to the temporal resolution of the image is a key contributor to final image quality even if the final output is interlaced The colorspace and geometrical conversions of the signal are performed at up to 16 bits of resolution The final output signal is built from this intermediate progressive workspace which is the most uncompromised version of the image possible It provides the best possible starting point from which to create the final output signal BrightEye 92 M Page 3 Brig
30. tplace AFD can be included in both SD and HD SDI transport systems There is no legacy analog implementa tion See WSS ASI A commonly used transport method for MPEG video streams ASI or Asynchronous Serial Interface operates at the same 270 Mb s data rate as SD SDI This makes it easy to carry an ASI stream through existing digital television infrastructure Known more formally as DVB ASI this transport mechanism can be used to carry multiple program channels Aspect Ratio The ratio of the vertical and horizontal measurements of an image 4 3 is the aspect ratio for standard definition video formats and television and 16 9 for high definition Converting formats of unequal ratios is done by letterboxing horizontal bars or pillar boxing vertical pillars in order to keep the original format s aspect ratio Bandwidth Strictly speaking this refers to the range of frequencies i e the width of the band of frequency used by a signal or carried by a transmission channel Generally wider bandwidth will carry and reproduce a signal with greater fidelity and accuracy Beta Sony Beta SP video tape machines use an analog component format that is similar to SMPTE but differs in the amplitude of the color difference signals It may also carry setup on the luminance channel Bit A binary digit or bit is the smallest amount of information that can be stored or transmitted digitally by electrical optical magnetic or other mean
31. urfaced Further a reference signal with a 50 or 60 Hz frame rate was useless with 24 Hz HD systems running at film rates Today we can think of composite black as a bi level sync signal it has two levels one at sync tip and one at blanking For HD systems Tri Level Sync which has the same blanking level at ground of bi level sync but the sync pulse now has both a negative and a positive element This keeps the signal symmetrically balanced so that its DC content is zero And it also means that the timing pickoff point is now at the point where the signal crosses blanking and is no longer subject to variation with amplitude This makes Tri Level Sync a much more robust signal and one which can be delivered with less jitter USB The Universal Serial Bus developed in the computer industry to replace the previously ubiquitous RS 232 serial interface now appears in many different forms and with many different uses It actually forms a small local area network allowing multiple devices to coexist on a single bus where they can be individually addressed and accessed VGA Video Graphics Array Traditional 15 pin analog interface between a PC and monitor Word Clock Use of Word Clock to genlock digital audio devices developed in the audio recording industry Early digital audio products were interconnected with a massive parallel connector carrying a twisted pair for every bit in the digital audio word A clock signal which is a squa
32. venient shorthand form but it is subject to confusion It is sometimes used to mean ONLY color difference component formats SMPTE or Beta and other times to include RGB format In any case a CAV signal will always require 3 connectors either Y R Y B Y or R G B Checkfield A Checkfield signal is a special test signal that stresses particular aspects of serial digital transmission The performance of the Phase Locked Loops PLLs in an SDI receiver must be able to tolerate long runs of 0 s and 1 s Under normal conditions only very short runs of these are produced due to a scrambling algorithm that is used The Checkfield also referred to as the Pathological test signal will undo the scrambling and cause extremely long runs to occur This test signal is very useful for testing transmission paths Chroma The color or chroma content of a signal consisting of the hue and saturation of the image See also Color Difference Component In a component video system the totality of the image is carried by three separate but related components This method provides the best image fidelity with the fewest artifacts but it requires three independent transmission paths cables The commonly used component formats are Luminance and Color Difference Y Pr Pb and RGB It was far too unwieldy in the early days of color television to even consider component transmission Composite Composite television dates back to the early days
33. y for film applications The typical setting for this parameter is Off Cpst Setup turns Setup on the composite output On or Off 525 only Set this to On if your material has Setup on it Vert Blanking sets the blanking mode to Narrow lines 1 9 are blanked in NTSC lines 1 6 in PAL or Wide lines 1 20 in NTSC lines 1 22 in PAL Output Muting set to either Mute On Noise or Off Mute On Noise means that the module will mute the video output output a black signal when the module detects that the video quality is unacceptable Off allows the video to pass through to the output regardless of video quality Video In Mode Manual jwGonfige Proc Video Out Audio Out Noise Reduce Detail Off EA off B 3 2 Detect off H Cpst Setup Vert Blanking On RA Wide B Output Muting Mute On Noise A BrightEye 92 M Page 12 BrightEye 92 M Proc e Gain adjusts the percentage of overall gain luminance and chrominance range is 0 to 150 default is 100 e Chroma adjusts the percentage of chroma amplitude range is 0 to 150 default is 100 e Pedestal adjusts the pedestal black level of the signal in IRE range is 30 to 30 IRE default is 0 IRE e Haue adjusts the hue of the signal in degrees range is 180 degrees default is 0 degrees Make adjustments by clicking and dragging the slider controls by using the up and down arrow buttons or by
34. y have only half the bandwidth of the luminance Decibel dB The decibel is a unit of measure used to express the ratio in the amplitude or power of two signals A difference of 20 dB corresponds to a 10 1 ratio between two signals 6 dB is approximately a 2 1 ration Decibels add while the ratios multiply so 26 dB is a 20 1 ratio and 14 dB is a 5 1 ratio There are several special cases of the dB scale where the reference is implied Thus dBm refers to power relative to 1 milliwatt and dBu refers to voltage relative to 775V RMS The original unit of measure was the Bel 10 times bigger named after Alexander Graham Bell dBFS In Digital Audio systems the largest numerical value that can be represented is referred to as Full Scale No values or audio levels greater than FS can be reproduced because they would be clipped The nominal operating point roughly corresponding to 0 VU must be set below FS in order to have headroom for audio peaks This operating point is described relative to FS so a digital reference level of 20 dBFS has 20 dB of headroom before hitting the FS clipping point DVI Digital Visual Interface DVI I integrated provides both digital and analog con nectivity The larger group of pins on the connector are digital while the four pins on the right are analog EDH Error Detection and Handling is a method to verify proper reception of an SDI or HD SDI signal at the destination The originating device inse
35. y not included Temperature Range 0 to 40 C ambient Relative Humidity 0 to 95 noncondensing Due to ongoing product development all specifications subject to change BrightEye 92 M Page 19 BrightEye 92 M Downconverter BRIGHTEYE POWER SUPPLY INFORMATION Below is a list of power supplies and optional items that may have come with your BrightEye BEPS BrightEye Individual Power Supply BEPS6 Spider Power Supply This powers 6 single high BrightEyes or 3 double high BrightEyes BEPS6 RP Redundant Power Supply for Spider BERKMT BrightEye Rack Mount This holds 6 single high BrightEyes or 3 double high BrightEyes or a combination BEBP BrightEye Blank Panel Single high for empty slots in Rack Mount BEAC Analog Audio Breakout Cable BrightEye 92 M Page 20 BrightEye 92 M GLOSSARY AES EBU The digital audio standard defined as a joint effort of the Audio Engineering Society and the European Broadcast Union AES EBU or AES3 describes a serial bitstream that carries two audio channels thus an AES stream is a stereo pair The AES EBU standard covers a wide range of sample rates and quantizations bit depths In television systems these will generally be 48 KHz and either 20 or 24 bits AFD Active Format Description is a method to carry information regarding the aspect ratio of the video content The specification of AFD was standardized by SMPTE in 2007 and is now beginning to appear in the marke
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search