TE400 Series Digital Cards User Manual
Contents
1. 31 Installing Asterisk 37 Chapter 3 Digium Inc Page 8 Table Of Contents 4 2224 1 4 39 Configuring Card Features 40 Configuring T1 E1 Lines 43 Testing Your Configuration 51 Chapter 4 Troubleshooting 52 Appendix A Pin Assignments oru Re cee ee Ep ee E rx RE 58 Appendix B Specifications eee RR AEN 59 Appendix C Glossary and Acronyms 61 Digium Inc Page 9 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Digium Inc List of Figures Sample Legacy Phone Application 14 Sample Channel Bank Application 15 Sample IP Phone Application 16 TE405P Card 255242 meno 23 420 2 Ela ei weed UN 24 T1 E1 Jumpers 25 26 Timing Ports Example 27 Motherboard Slots 28 Insert the 30 Page 10 Table 1 Table 1 Table A 1 Table B 2 Digium Inc List of Tables TE400 Series Cards2. 4 Card Identifiers 84 60 iwi 4x 34 RJ45 Telco Port Connector 58 Maximum Power Consumption 60 Page 11 Chapter 1 Overview The Digium TE400 Series cards are a T1 E1 capable card series created for voice They support industry standard protocols including Robbed Bit Signaling also known as CAS or Channel Associated Signaling CCS Common Channel Signaling E amp M and Primary Rate ISDN PRI The 400 Series cards are capable of running in E1 or J1 modes They are also capable of DACSing channels from one span to another The 400 Series are ideal for connecting phones to a channel bank connecting to your 1 1 switch or connecting to a legacy PBX This manual is for use with the TE420 TE420B PCI Express card as well as the 5 volt TE405P 407P and the 3 3 volt TE410P 412P Quad PCI cards These cards are identified collectively as the 4 Series cards throughout this manual Designed to be fully compatible with existing software applications and integrate fully with the Asterisk platform the TE400 Series cards allow many advanced call features Digium Inc Page 12 Chapter 1 Overview Voice Modes PRI CPE and PRI NET NII N2 EuroISDN 4ESS AT amp T SESS Lucent DMS100 Q SIG E amp M Wink Feature Group B Feature Group D a FXO and FXS Ground Start Loop Start Loop Start with
3. etc dahdi system conf loadzone us defaultzone us Span 1 0 0 esf b8zs fxoks 1 24 echocanceller mg2 1 24 etc asterisk chan dahdi conf group 1 echocancel yes context channelbank signalling fxo ks channel 1 24 Digium Inc Page 47 Chapter 3 Configuration Second Example E amp M Line In the E amp M Line configuration the system conf is set for the card to take timing from the telco on E amp M with wink while chan dahdi conf mirrors the configuration Feat D is a type of E amp M with wink that accepts DID but there are many other E amp M options E amp M_W E amp M Feat B etc etc dahdi system conf loadzone us defaultzone us Span 1 1 0 esf b8zs e amp m 1 24 echocanceller mg2 1 24 etc asterisk chan dahdi conf group 1 echocancel yes context incoming signalling feat d channel 1 24 Digium Inc Page 48 Chapter 3 Configuration Third Example PRI By configuring the card for a T1 PRI line in system conf you acquire 23 bearer B channels for voice on the first 23 channels and 1 delta D channel for signalling information on the 24th channel In the chan dahdi conf file define pri cpe as the signalling type to act as the client side Define the switch type you are connecting to as national You will then have 23 voice channels for Asterisk PRI T1 etc dahdi system conf loadzone us defaultzone us Span 1 1 0 esf b8zs bchan 1 23 dchan
4. 420 1420 412 0410 TE410P 0410 TE407P 0405 TE405P 0405 A Digium TE400 Series TE420B TE420 412P 410P 407P 405P card identifier should be listed If a matching card identifier is not listed then your machine is not PCI 2 2 or higher or PCI Express compatible and the card will not work with your motherboard 2 Download the latest version of libpri Substitute the version of libpri for the X X in the command line below libpri is available for download from http downloads digium com pub telephony libpri wget http downloads digium com pub telephony libpri libpri X X current tar gz Note There is no coorelation between the versioning of libpri and Asterisk The libpri 1 4 branch will function with the Asterisk 1 6 Digium Inc Page 34 Chapter 2 Card Installation branch 3 Expand the downloaded file compile its contents and install the libraries Substitute the version of libpri for the X X and X X X in the command lines below tar zxvf libpri X X current tar gz cd libpri X X X make db make install 4 Download the latest DAHDI drivers with tools DAHDI is available for download from http downloads digium com pub telephony dahdi linux complete wget http downloads digium com pub telephony dahdi linux complete dahdi linux complete current tar gz Digium Inc Page 35 Chapter 2 Card Installation 5 Expand the downloaded file compile its contents
5. 24 echocanceller mg2 1 23 etc asterisk chan dahdi conf group 1 echocancel yes signalling pri cpe switchtype national context incoming channel 1 23 Digium Inc Page 49 Chapter 3 Configuration PRI E1 etc dahdi system conf loadzone es defaultzone Span 1 1 0 ccs hdb bchan 1 15 17 31 dchan 16 echocanceller mg2 1 15 17 31 etc asterisk chan dahdi conf group 1 echocancel yes signalling pri cpe switchtype euroisdn context incoming channel 1 15 17 31 Digium Inc Page 50 Chapter 3 Configuration Testing Your Configuration 1 Load DAHDI drivers into the kernel using the modprobe utility The appropriate driver for the 400 Series cards 15 wct4xxp Users in all countries except Australia should use the following modprobe command modprobe wct4xxp dahdi cfg vv 2 Run dahdi_tool from the command line and see if the span turns green for each span you have connected dahdi tool 3 Execute the following Asterisk command to see if the span came up successfully asterisk asterisk vvvr Digium Inc Page 51 Chapter 4 Troubleshooting This chapter provides frequently asked questions as identified from Digium Technical Support and possible resolutions Multiple resources are available to obtain more information about Asterisk and Digium products These resources are listed on page 57 What do the Status LED colors indicate m Green Car
6. 1996 deregulated the LECs CLECs compete with ILECs to offer local service See also LEC and CO Central Office The CO houses local switching equipment local access lines in a particular geographic area terminate at this facility which is usually owned and operated by an ILEC CPE Customer Premises Equipment Terminal equipment which is connected to the telecommunications network and which resides within the home or office of the customer This includes telephones modems terminals routers and television set top boxes DAHDI Digium Asterisk Hardware Device Interface A telephony project dedicated to implementing a reasonable and affordable computer telephony platform into the world marketplace In addition the collective name for the Digium provided drivers for Digium telephony interface products Digium Inc Page 63 Appendix C Glossary and Acronyms DSO Digital Signal Level 0 A voice grade channel of 64 kbps The worldwide standard speed for digitizing voice conversation using PCM Pulse Code Modulation DS1 Digital Signal Level 1 1 544 Mbps in North America T1 and Japan J1 up to 24 voice channels DSOs 2 048 Mbps in Europe E1 up to 32 voice channels DSOs DS1 T1 E1 lines are part of the PSTN DS3 Digital Signal Level 3 T3 in North America and Japan E3 in Europe Up to 672 voice channels DSOs DS3 T3 E3 lines are not part of the PSTN DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency Push button or
7. 6 Plug all TI or El equipment cables into the RJ45 ports as needed Note Use only shielded cables to ensure compliance with the international EMC standards Digium Inc Page 30 Chapter 2 Card Installation Caution This unit must be connected to the Telecommunications Network in your country using an approved line cord e g for Australia use only line cords complying with AS CA S008 2010 Caution This unit must be connected only to the appropriate Telecommunications Network port as approved for use in your specific country Software Installation Digium hardware requires drivers and libraries that are not integrated with the Linux kernel Digium hardware is only supported under Linux Digium recommends CentOS Debian Red Hat and Ubuntu distributions of Linux However many other distributions are supported by Digium Technical Support Digium s software including drivers and application software may be obtained from Digium s download server at http downloads digium com For an introduction to Asterisk Digium s telephony software including additional information on its configuration setup and features please refer to http www asterisk org For the latest information on setting up and configuring DAHDI drivers for your Digium hardware product please refer to the latest release of this manual which is available from the product specific documentation section at http www digium com Dig
8. and install the drivers and tools Substitute the version of DAHDI for the X X X in the command lines below tar zxvf dahdi linux complete current tar gz cd dahdi linux complete X X X X X X make make install make config Note Executing make config will install an init script and symlinks which will allow you to start and stop DAHDI as a service Digium Inc Page 36 Chapter 2 Card Installation Installing Asterisk If you wish to use Asterisk with your new hardware you can follow the instructions below 1 Download the latest release version of Asterisk either 1 4 22 or later 1 6 0 1 or later or 1 8 0 or later Substitute the version of Asterisk for the X X in the command below Asterisk is available for download from http downloads digium com pub telephony asterisk wget http downloads digium com pub telephony asterisk asterisk X X current tar gz 2 Expand the downloaded file compile its contents and install the application Substitute the version of Asterisk for the the X X and X X X in the command lines below tar zxvf asterisk X X current tar gz cd asterisk X X X configure make menuselect make db db db Gb make install Digium Inc Page 37 Chapter 2 Card Installation 3 If this is the first Asterisk installation on this system you should install the sample configuration files To do this run make samples Note Running this command will overwr
9. port numbers are noted on the PCI bracket Digium Inc Page 43 Chapter 3 Configuration Timing This determines how timing is handled by the card 0 This span is not used to determine timing If all spans on the card are set to 0 the card will use its internal clock as the timing source 1 2 3 A value greater than 0 will cause the span to attempt to recover a clock source from the line for the entire card to use as timing Since only one source of timing is valid per card this value defines a priority that determines which span recovers a clock in the case that multiple are defined 1 is the highest priority span followed by 2 3 and so on Only one span can be defined to take timing and it defines timing for the rest of the card s spans Line Build Out For most setups the line build out is 0 0 db CSU 0 133 feet DSX 1 133 266 feet DSX 1 266 399 feet DSX 1 399 533 feet DSX 1 533 655 feet DSX 1 7 5db CSU 15db CSU 22 5db CSU do Vi a IN Digium Inc Page 44 Chapter 3 Configuration Framing utilizes framing set for D4 SF or ESF E1 utilizes CAS or CCS Coding coding be AMI or B8ZS coding can be AMI or HDB3 El can also have the extra flag CRC4 at the end for CRC4 checking Yellow The optional yellow flag can be added at the end for transmitting a yellow alarm when no channels are open The following is a typical set
10. source across multiple cards This is a useful feature for fax modes and some voice applications to prevent corruption due to timing slips on the second third or fourth TE400 Series cards To utilize this feature daisy chain the P1 connector between each TE400 Series card using the Digium 4 position timing cable See Figure 8 on page 27 for an example Enable this feature in the drivers using the timingcablez1 switch when the drivers are loaded modprobe wct4xxp timingcable 1 Digium Inc Page 26 Chapter 2 Card Installation Caution Only qualified service personnel should continue with hardware installation and configuration of the TE400 Series card Non qualified personnel should not attempt to perform these functions themselves Digium Inc Page 27 Chapter 2 Card Installation Slot Compatibility Check the type of card you received to be sure it is compatible with your PCI slot To determine which slot you have identify it by comparing it to those shown in Figure 9 on page 28 Slot Number 0 AGP Pro Slot 1 64 bit 5 0 volt PCI Slot 2 64 bit 3 3 volt PCI Slot 3 32 bit 5 0 volt PCI Slot 4 PCI Express X1 Slot Figure 9 Motherboard Slots Digium Inc Page 28 Chapter 2 Card Installation The TE405P 407P card is a 32 bit 33MHz card keyed for 5 0 volt operation and works in any PCI 2 2 or higher compliant slot which supports 5 0 volts This means that in the motherboard shown in Figure 9 the TE405P 4
11. telephones PPP Point to Point Protocol Type of communications link that connects a single device to another single device such as a remote terminal to a host computer Digium Inc Page 68 Appendix C Glossary and Acronyms PRI Primary Rate ISDN PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network A communications network which uses telephones to establish connections between two points Also referred to as the dial network PTMP Point to Multipoint A connection where data is broadcast between more than two endpoints PTP Point to Point A connection restricted to two endpoints PTT Post Telegraph and Telephone The government agencies in many countries that traditionally operated and monopolized the public postal telegraph and telephone services QoS Quality of Service A set of quality requirements for telephone service RBOC Hegional Bell Operating Companies The creation of Regional Bell Operating Companies were a result of AT amp T s telephone monopoly being broken up in 1983 REN Ringer Equivalence Number An arbitrary value which denotes the electrical load a telephone ringer has on a line Digium Inc Page 69 Appendix C Glossary and Acronyms RJ11 A six pin jack typically used for connecting telephones modems and fax machines in residential and business settings to PBX or the local telephone CO SIP Session Initiation Protocol An IETF standard for setting up sessions between one or more clients It is
12. touch tone dialing E1 The European equivalent of North American T1 transmits data at 2 048 Mbps up to 32 channels 0505 E3 The European equivalent of North American T3 transmits data at 34 368 Mbps up to 512 channels DSOs Equivalent to 16 E1 lines EMI Electromagnetic Interference Unwanted electrical noise Digium Inc Page 64 Appendix C Glossary and Acronyms full duplex Data transmission in two directions simultaneously FXO Foreign Exchange Office Receives the ringing voltage from an FXS device Outside lines connected to FXO ports FXS Foreign Exchange Station Initiates and sends ringing voltage Phones are connected to FXS ports G 711 A recommendation by the Telecommunication Standardization Sector ITU T for an algorithm designed to transmit and receive mulaw PCM voice and A law at a digital bit rate of 64 kbps G 723 1 A recommendation by the Telecommunication Standardization Sector ITU T for an algorithm designed to transmit and receive audio at 6 3 kbps or 5 3 kbps G 729a A recommendation by the Telecommunication Standardization Sector ITU T for an algorithm designed to transmit and receive audio at 8 kbps H 323 A recommendation by the Telecommunication Standardization Sector ITU T for multimedia communications over packet based networks Digium Inc Page 65 Appendix C Glossary and Acronyms HDLC High Level Data Link Control A bit oriented synchronous data l
13. 07P card will fit into Slots 1 and 3 The TE405P 407P will not fit into Slot 0 AGP slot or Slot 2 The TE410P 412P card is a 32 bit 33MHz card keyed for 3 3 volt operation and works in any PCI 2 2 or higher compliant slot which supports 3 3 volts This means that in the motherboard shown in Figure 9 the TE410P 412P card will only fit into Slot 2 The TE410P 412P will not fit into Slots 1 or 3 The TE420 TE420B card is a PCI Express card Slot 4 illustrated above is a 1 lane PCI Express compliant slot The TE420 TE420B will work in any PCI Express compliant slot including lane lengths X4 X8 and X16 This means that in the motherboard shown in Figure 9 the TE420 TE420B will only fit into Slot 4 The TE420 TE420B can not be used in Slots 1 through 3 Digium Inc Page 29 Chapter 2 Card Installation Hardware Installation 1 Now that you are acquainted with the cards power down your computer and unplug it from its power source Attach a static strap to your wrist and open the case Check the jumper setting to ensure it matches your equipment configuration Setting the jumper with the jumper strap on enables the ports for E1 Setting the jumper with the jumper strap off enables the ports for T1 Remove the bracket place holder and insert the card into a PCI or PCI Express slot See Figure 10 for an example of card installation Figure 10 Insert the Card 5 Replace the cover to your computer
14. 61 Toll Free in the U S 1 877 344 4861 is available 7am 8pm Central Time GMT 6 Monday Friday 2 Asterisk users mailing list asterisk org lists digium com 3 IRC channel asterisk on irc freenode net Subscription Services Program Digium is dedicated to supporting your Asterisk system by offering full technical support through our Subscription Services Program Through this program you can be at ease knowing that your business will always have access to the Asterisk experts Pricing on Subscription Services may be obtained from your nearest reseller or you may call Digium Sales for referral to your nearest reseller at 1 256 428 6000 or e mail sales 9 digium com Digium Inc Page 57 Appendix Pin Assignments All four ports on the TE400 Series card bracket 8 pin RJ45 ports pin assignments are identified in Table A 1 Table A 1 RJ45 Telco Port Connector Pin Description Pin 1 Pin 8 1 Rx N Rx Not used AJo Tx Tx Not used Not used ON Not used Digium Inc Page 58 Appendix B Specifications This appendix provides specifications required environmental conditions and maximum power consumption for the 400 Series cards Physical All Cards Size 5 x 3 75 x 0 63 12 7 x 9 53 x 1 6 PCB size does not include the PCI bracket Weight 3 5 oz 100gm Without Ec
15. CE ilum 400 Series 42 TE420 412P 410P 407P 405P User Manual 601 00009 Rev B3 Digium Inc 445 Jan Davis Drive NW Huntsville AL 35806 United States 1 IU m Main Number 1 256 428 6000 Tech Support 1 256 428 6161 U S Toll Free 1 877 344 4861 Sales 1 256 428 6262 www digium com www asterisk org www asterisknow org Digium Inc 2013 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be copied distributed transmitted transcribed stored in retrieval system or translated into any human or computer language without the prior written permission of Digium Inc Digium Inc has made every effort to ensure that the instructions contained in this document are adequate and error free The manufacturer will if necessary explain issues which may not be covered by this documentation The manufacturer s liability for any errors in the documents is limited to the correction of errors and the aforementioned advisory services This document has been prepared for use by professional and properly trained personnel and the customer assumes full responsibility when using it Adobe and Acrobat are registered trademarks and Acrobat Reader is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated Asterisk Digium Switchvox and AsteriskNOW are registered trademarks and Asterisk Business Edition AsteriskGUI and Asterisk Appliance are trademarks of Digium Inc Any other trademarks mentione
16. Card Digium Inc Page 23 Chapter 2 Card Installation Timing Port Status LEDs Jumpers Ident Wheel PCI Express Connector Figure 5 TE420 Card Digium Inc Page 24 Chapter 2 Card Installation T1 E1 Selection card includes row of jumpers to select either or E1 mode for the spans An example of the jumpers from the 405 card is shown Figure 6 The mode in most cases is set at the distributor before shipment You may want to check the setting to be certain they are set for your specific use With the jumper off the span is ready for mode with the jumper on the span is ready for El mode Figure 6 T1 E1 Jumpers Identifying Multiple Cards If multiple TE400 Series cards are installed in the same machine then the Ident wheel can be used to control the order the cards are recognized The click wheel switch with the word printed above it can be set to a different number for each installed card This number adjusts the order in which the driver recognizes the card For example set the first card Ident wheel to 0 set the second card Ident wheel to 1 and so on The Ident wheel is shown in Figure 7 Digium Inc Page 25 Chapter 2 Card Installation Figure 7 Ident Wheel Connecting Timing Cables The timing port allows up to four TE400 Series cards to share the same sync timing source from the T1 line provider or provide a consistent sync
17. Disconnect Detect The 4 Series cards can be used to connect your Asterisk machine to the PSTN world your channel bank or even another PBX This is accomplished via a 1 1 interface The cards allow Asterisk software to connect to your network creating a professional telephony environment Figure 2 shows an example of the card s primary application Digium Inc Page 13 Chapter 1 Overview Asterisk Server Analog Phones Figure 1 Sample Legacy Phone Application Digium Inc Page 14 Chapter 1 Overview CLEC Y 5 Asterisk Channel Bank Server T1 T1 5 m T1 G Channel Bank EC Phones Figure 2 Sample Channel Bank Application Digium Inc Page 15 Chapter 1 Overview Figure 3 Sample IP Phone Application Digium Inc Page 16 Chapter 1 Overview Echo Cancellation Users connecting their 400 Series cards to the PSTN or other devices are likely to be placing calls that will result at some point in an unbalanced 4 wire 2 wire hybrid The result of this hybrid is the reflection of a near end echo to the calling party Elimination of this echo is the responsibility of echo cancellation The 4 Series cards unless otherwise equipped utilize Asterisk to perform software based echo cancellation Asterisk maintains a number of open source echo canc
18. ceding the channel variable with a variable called echocancel and its length in taps of milliseconds multiplied by 8 for example echocancel yes channel 1 23 By default and when setting to yes echo cancellation is enabled and set to 16 ms 128 taps Echo cancellation is explicitly disabled by setting echocancel no Digium does not recommend that users set echo cancellation to no Users of open source Asterisk based echo cancelers also have the following options echocancel 128 this sets 128 taps or 16ms Digium Inc Page 40 Chapter 3 Configuration Or echocancel 256 this sets 256 taps or 32ms Users of Digium s HPEC software have the following additional options echocancel 512 this sets 512 taps or 64ms Or echocancel 1024 this sets 1024 taps or 128ms Please note that HPEC consumes extremely high amounts of CPU MIPS that increase as the number of taps are increased Audio quality issues may result from choosing a taps length greater than the server s ability to process the echo in real time If audio quality is affected reduce the taps length or combine your TE400 Series card with Digium s 128 Users of Digium s VPMOCT128 hardware echo cancellation module will have 128ms of echo cancellation performed at all times unless explicitly disabled by setting the echocancel variable equal to no Digium Inc Page 41 Chapter 3 Configuration Signalling pri cpe for CPE side pri ne
19. currently the leading signaling protocol for Voice over IP gradually replacing H 323 T1 A dedicated digital carrier facility which transmits up to 24 voice channels DSOs and transmits data at 1 544 Mbps Commonly used to carry traffic to and from private business networks and ISPs T3 A dedicated digital carrier facility which consists of 28 T1 lines and transmits data at 44 736 Mbps Equivalent to 672 voice channels 0505 TDM Time Division Multiplexer A device that supports simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams into a single high speed data stream TDM combines signals by interleaving bits one after the other TE Terminal Equipment A device that is established as a point of termination of a communications circuit or channel Terminal equipment comprises all customer premises equipment CPE TE devices are connected to NT devices Digium Inc Page 70 Appendix C Glossary and Acronyms telco A generic name which refers to the telephone companies throughout the world including RBOCs LECs and PTTs tip and ring The standard termination on the two conductors of a telephone circuit named after the physical appearance of the contact areas on the jack plug twisted pair Two copper wires commonly used for telephony and data communications The wires are wrapped loosely around each other to minimize radio frequency interference or interference from other pairs in the same bundle V Volts VoIP Voice over In
20. d in the document are the property of their respective owners Digium Inc Page 2 Compliance Information Compliance information for this product is available at http www digium com ccs compliance Digium Inc Page 3 Introduction to TE400 Series Documentation This manual is a user guide for Digium s 400 Series cards Digium TE400 Series cards are a T1 E1 capable card series created for voice The cards in this series are as follows Table 1 TE400 Series Cards Model Features Type 420 3 3 volt 4 Ports Echo Cancellation PCI Express TE420 3 3 volt 4 Ports PCI Express TEA12P 3 3 volt 4 Ports Echo Cancellation PCI 2 2 TE410P 3 3 volt 4 Ports PCI 2 2 TE407P 5 0 volt 4 Ports Echo Cancellation PCI 2 2 TE405P 5 0 volt 4 Ports PCI 2 2 Digium Inc Page 4 Document Organization The 400 Series user s guide is organized in the following manner Chapter gi Title Description Appendix 1 Overview Identifies the features of the card you received This chapter covers applications and uses of the TE400 Series cards in the real world 2 Card Installation Provides instructions for installing the card in your PC acquiring correct drivers and checking device compatibility 3 Configuration Provides examples for configuring dial plan options 4 Troubleshooting Explains resolutions to common problems and frequently asked questions pertaining t
21. d is in sync with the far end Yellow Card is synchronizing or is receiving a red alarm from the far end Use a software tool such as dahdi tool to get a textual description of the state of the card Red Card is not seeing far end circuit is not up or cable is bad I can t receive DID calls even though I have it enabled in extensions conf Your telco might be sending calls with a method you are not expecting 1 Check the method being used by attempting the following in your line context X 1 NoOp My DID matches as EXTEN Digium Inc Page 52 Chapter 4 Troubleshooting 2 Then type reload in the Asterisk console and call in You should see the DID come in on your 1 1 line My D Channel seems to go up and down Check to be sure you have set your timing parameters correctly Also check the common causes of problems for a T1 See the Common Fixes for all cards page 56 I have trouble dialing out It seems that one type of dialing works local long distance international but another does not Check your pridialplan variable and verify that you are dialing using the method your telco is expecting I am having trouble receiving DID information over E amp M Try the other types of E amp M featd featb etc to match the method your telco is using to stream information I am having issues with my PRI How can I see the messages coming across my D channel Enter the following command CLI gt PRI
22. debug span X where X is the port from which you are connected This command will show you the PRI messages coming across your D channel for that span Digium Inc Page 53 Chapter 4 Troubleshooting I am still having problems and the telco tells me it is my equipment The first thing to do in this situation is to test your equipment 1 Plug in a loopback cable A loopback cable is a cable that has pin 1 going to pin 4 and pin 2 going to pin 5 Plug the cable into the span and wait for its LED to turn green 2 Stop Asterisk and edit system conf by removing the lines defined for your card and replacing them with the following span gt 1 0 0 esf b8zs Clear 1 24 Or if you have an El span Span 1 0 0 ccs hdb3 clear 1 31 Digium Inc Page 54 Chapter 4 Troubleshooting 3 Navigate to the tools directory in your DAHDI complete source directory and type make tests Followed by patlooptest dev dahdi 1 60 The first argument in the patlooptest command is the device for the channel number you want to test You should always test the first channel of a span The second argument is the duration in seconds to run the test This runs a pattern looptest for 60 seconds If you receive any failures it is possible you have a bad card and will need to call Digium Technical Support 1 256 428 6161 How can I enable more features To view all of the options available to add to your dial plan type the follow
23. elers These open source echo cancelers provide a moderate level of echo cancellation but are not capable of dealing with higher levels of or more advanced echoes Digium recommends that those users concerned about echo cancellation purchase the 128 hardware echo cancellation module The VPMOCT128 may be combined with either the TE405P as TE407P TE410P as TE412P or TE420 as TE420B cards The 128 is designed to handle up to 128ms of echo cancellation across all channels and provides a G 168 compliant echo cancellation solution If equipped and not explicitly disabled in chan dahdi conf the VPMOCT128 will automatically operate and cancel all network echo within its tail range 1024 taps Users may also purchase Digium s commercial HPEC software http www digium com en products software hpec php Digium Inc Page 17 Chapter 1 Overview What is Asterisk Asterisk is the world s leading open source telephony engine and tool kit Offering flexibility unheard of in the world of proprietary communications Asterisk empowers developers and integrators to create advanced communication solutions for free Asterisk 15 released as open source under the GNU General Public License GPL and it is available for download free of charge Asterisk is the most popular open source telephony software available with the Asterisk Community being the top influencer in VoIP Asterisk as a Phone Switch PBX A
24. ho Cancellation Module Interfaces Local Loop Access El T1 J1 PRI RJ45 TE405P 407P 410P 412P PCI Bus 3 3V or 5V bus slot half length slot minimum size 33MHz minimum bus speed compliant with PCI 2 2 or greater TE420 PCI E X1 compliant with PCI E X1 1 0 or greater Environment Temperature 0 to 50 C 32 to 122 F operation 20 to 65 C 4 to 149 F storage Humidity 10 to 90 non condensing Digium Inc Page 59 Hardware and Software Requirements 800 Mhz Pentium III or better 64MB RAM Appendix B Specifications Available PCI TE405P 407P 410P 412P or PCI E 420 Slot Table B 2 Maximum Power Consumption Model Power 420 3 3V 5 Watts TE420 3 3V 2 5 Watts 412 3 3V 3 0 Watts SV 0 5 Watts 410 3 3V 2 0 Watts SV 0 Watts TE407 3 3V 3 0 Watts SV 0 5 Watts 405 3 3V 2 0 Watts 5 0 Watts Digium Inc Page 60 Appendix Glossary and Acronyms ACD Automatic Call Distribution A technology that distributes incoming calls to a specific group of devices that are associated to agents Asterisk s Queue application performs automatic call distribution ANSI American National Standards Institute An organization which proposes and establishes standards for international communications asynchronous Not synchronized not timed to an outside clock source Transmission is controlled by start bits at the beginning and stop bits at the e
25. ill apply to any card in the series Examples and card specific information are included as needed Digium Inc Page 21 Chapter 2 Card Installation Unpacking the Card When you unpack your card carefully inspect it for any damage that may have occurred in shipment If damage is suspected file a claim with the carrier and contact your reseller from which the card was purchased or contact Digium Technical Support 1 256 428 6161 Keep the original shipping container to use for future shipment or proof of damage during shipment Note Only qualified service personnel should install the card Users should not attempt to perform this function themselves The installer must ensure that the equipment is permanently connected equipment pluggable type B or connected to a socket outlet that has been checked to ensure that it is reliably earthed in accordance with the National Electrical Code Shipment Inspection The following items are included in shipment of the TE400 Series m TE400 Series card TE405P 407P 410P 412P 420 4208 Digium Inc Page 22 Chapter 2 Card Installation Identifying Communication Ports TE400 Series cards consists of four RJ45 ports and four status LEDs The ports are used for connecting T1 1 or J1 cables Refer to Figure 4 on page 23 or Figure 5 on page 24 to locate the ports and LEDs Timing Port Status LEDs Jumpers Ident Wheel pdi 2 2 Connector Figure 4 TE405P
26. ing commands from within Asterisk CLI core show applications CLI core show functions Digium also offers services to help configure and add features you might need Contact Digium Technical Support 1 256 428 6161 for more information Digium Inc Page 55 Chapter 4 Troubleshooting Common Fixes for all cards 1 Check to see if the X Window System e g X Org Server is running by entering the following ps aux grep X If the X Window System is running stop the application since it may cause a conflict with Asterisk 2 Check to see if your PATA IDE hard drives are running with DMA levels set Advance user can perform an hdparm on your hard drive interface Use hdparm with caution as the man page states that hard drive corruption can occur when using incorrect settings Please review the man page for hdparm and make sure you understand the risks before using this tool Check the current mode using this command hdparm vi dev IDE Device Use this command to set the drives into UDMA2 mode hdparm d 1 X udma2 c 3 dev IDE Device If you are still having problems contact your reseller from which the card was purchased or Digium Technical Support 1 256 428 6161 Digium Inc Page 56 Chapter 4 Troubleshooting Where can I find answers to additional questions There are several places to inquire for more information about Asterisk Digium products 1 Digium Technical Support 1 256 428 61
27. ink layer protocol developed by the International Organization for Standardization ISO IAX Inter Asterisk eXchange The native VoIP protocol used by Asterisk It is an IETF standard used to enable VoIP connections between Asterisk servers and between servers and clients that also use the IAX protocol iLBC internet Low Bitrate Codec A free speech codec used for voice over IP It is designed for narrow band speech with a payload bitrate of 13 33 kbps frame length 30ms and 15 2 kbps frame length 20ms ILEC Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier The LECs that were the original carriers in the market prior to the entry of competition and therefore have the dominant position in the market interface A point of contact between two systems networks or devices ISO International Standards Organization IVR Interactive Voice Menu An interactive technology that allows a telephone system to detect voice and keypad input Digium Inc Page 66 Appendix C Glossary and Acronyms LED Light emitting Diode Linux A robust feature packed open source operating system based on Unix that remains freely available on the internet It boasts dependability and offers a wide range of compatibility with hardware and software Asterisk is supported exclusively on Linux loopback A state in which the transmit signal is reversed back as the receive signal typically by a far end network element MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol multiplexi
28. ite after making a backup copy any older Asterisk configuration files that you have in the etc asterisk directory If your installation has failed it may be because you are missing one or more of the build dependencies the kernel headers or the development tools Please contact your reseller where the card was purchased or call Digium Technical Support 1 256 428 6161 for assistance Complete instructions for installing Asterisk are available at www asterisk org Digium Inc Page 38 Chapter 3 Configuration 400 Series cards have a variety of configuration options This chapter provides configurations for PRI channel bank and E amp M wink These sample configurations are provided to assist you in familiarizing yourself with the flexibility of editing the configuration files to meet your specific needs The list of possible configurations is too expansive to cover in this user manual Digium Inc Page 39 Chapter 3 Configuration Configuring Card Features You will need to modify the chan dahdi conf file which is located in the etc asterisk directory in order to configure the essential features of your card This file is the configuration layer between DAHDI and Asterisk Switchtype national National ISDN 2 default dms100 Nortel DMS100 4ess AT amp T 4 55 5ess Lucent 5ESS euroisdn EuroISDN nil Old National ISDN 1 qsig Q SIG Echocancel Echo Cancellation is enabled in chan dahdi conf by pre
29. ium Inc Page 31 Chapter 2 Card Installation To install your TE400 Series card you will need Linux 2 6 kernel headers Development libraries and headers for ncurses Development libraries and headers for zlib and openssl Development libraries and headers for newt GCC and standard software build tools It is recommended that you use the most recent version of the Asterisk DAHDI and libpri software for the best results If you have previously installed any of these Digium recommends that you upgrade to the latest current version of each Note If you are using the 1 4 x series of Asterisk you will need Asterisk 1 4 22 or newer Digium Inc Page 32 Chapter 2 Card Installation 1 After the machine has booted to Linux log in and execute the following command to list the devices detected by the PCI bus lspci n Confirm that the output from Ispci lists a device with Digium s PCI vendor ID which is d161 The screen output should be similar to the following 0000 01 0e 0 ISDN controller Unknown device di61 card identifier Note The output from Ispci may or may not state Unknown device If it does this does not indicate a problem In the PCI device listing shown above card identifier will be populated with one of the identifiers listed in the table below Digium Inc Page 33 Chapter 2 Card Installation Table 1 Card Identifiers Model Identifier 420 0420 420 0420
30. nd of each character Asynchronous communications are often found in internet access and remote office applications attenuation The dissipation of a transmitted signal s power as it travels over a wire bandwidth The capacity to carry traffic Higher bandwidth indicates the ability to transfer more data in a given time period Digium Inc Page 61 Appendix C Glossary and Acronyms bit The smallest element of information in a digital system A bit can be either a zero or a one bps bits per second A measurement of transmission speed across a data connection BRI Basic Rate ISDN broadband Broadband transmission shares the bandwidth of a particular medium copper or fiber optic to integrate multiple signals The channels take up different frequencies on the cable integrating voice data and video over one line channel A generic term for an individual data stream Service providers can use multiplexing techniques to transmit multiple channels over a common medium Cat5 Category of Performance for wiring and cabling Cat 5 cabling support applications up to 100 MHz Digium Inc Page 62 Appendix C Glossary and Acronyms Cat5E Category of Performance for wiring and cabling Category 5 Enhanced wiring supports signal rates up to 100 MHz but adheres to stricter quality specifications CLEC Competitive Local Exchange Carrier A term for telephone companies established after the Telecommunications Act of
31. ng Transmitting multiple signals over a single line or channel FDM frequency division multiplexing and TDM time division multiplexing are the two most common methods FDM separates signals by dividing the data onto different carrier frequencies and TDM separates signals by interleaving bits one after the other mux multiplexer A device which transmits multiple signals over a single communications line or channel See multiplexing node A terminal in a computer network Digium Inc Page 67 Appendix C Glossary and Acronyms NT Network Termination A device connecting the customer s telephone or data equipment to the local ISDN exchange carrier s line NT devices are connected to TE devices PBX Private Branch Exchange A smaller version of a phone company s large central switching office Example Asterisk PCI peripheral component interconnect A standard bus used in most computers to connect peripheral devices POP Point of Presence The physical connection point between a network and a telephone network A POP is usually a network node serving as the equivalent of a CO to a network service provider or an interexchange carrier POTS Plain Old Telephone Service The public switched telephone network PSTN is the network of the world s public circuit switched telephone networks Originally a network of fixed line analog telephone systems the PSTN is now almost entirely digital and now includes mobile as well as fixed
32. o card installation and usage Pin Assignments Lists the connectors and pin assignments B Specifications Details card specifications Glossary and Acronyms Defines terms related to this product Digium Inc Page 5 Symbol Definitions Caution statements indicate a condition where damage to the unit or its configuration could occur if operational procedures are not followed To reduce the risk of damage or injury follow all steps or procedures as instructed The ESD symbol indicates electrostatic sensitive devices Observe precautions for handling devices Wear a properly grounded electrostatic discharge ESD wrist strap while handling the device The Electrical Hazard Symbol indicates a possibility of electrical shock when operating this unit in certain situations To reduce the risk of damage or injury follow all steps or procedures as instructed gt gt Digium Inc Page 6 Important Safety Instructions User Cautions Servicing Do not attempt to service this card unless specifically instructed to do so Do not attempt to remove the card from your equipment while power is present Refer servicing to qualified service personnel Water and Moisture Do not spill liquids on this unit Do not operate this equipment in a wet environment Heat Do not operate or store this product near heat sources such as radiators air ducts areas subject to direct intense sunlight or other products that p
33. orld based on its flexibility Call center and contact center developers have built complete ACD systems based on Asterisk Asterisk has also added new life to existing call center solutions by adding remote IP agent capabilities advanced skills based routing predictive and bulk dialing and more Asterisk in the Network Internet Telephony Service Providers ITSPs Competitive Local Exchange Carriers CLECs and even first tier incumbents have discovered the power of open source communications with Asterisk Feature servers hosted services clusters voicemail systems and pre paid calling solutions all based on Asterisk have helped reduce costs and enabled flexibility Digium Inc Page 19 Chapter 1 Overview Asterisk Everywhere Asterisk has become the basis for thousands of communications solutions If you need to communicate Asterisk is your answer For more information on Asterisk visit http www asterisk org or http www digium com Digium Inc Page 20 Chapter 2 Card Installation This chapter provides the following information Unpacking the Card on page 22 Shipment Inspection on page 22 Identifying Communication Ports on page 23 T1 E1 Selection on page 25 Identifying Multiple Cards on page 25 Connecting Timing Cables on page 26 Slot Compatibility on page 28 Hardware Installation on page 30 Software Installation on page 31 Note The TE400 Series card installation instructions are written so that they w
34. roduce heat Static Electricity To reduce the risk of damaging the unit or your equipment do not attempt to open the enclosure or gain access to areas where you are instructed to do so Refer servicing to qualified service personnel gt gt gt Save these instructions for future reference Digium Inc Page 7 TABLE OF 5 Chapter 1 Su APT 12 Echo Cancellation 17 What is Asterisk 18 Asterisk as a Phone Switch PBX 18 Asterisk as a Gateway 18 Asterisk in the Call Center 19 Asterisk in the Network 19 Asterisk Everywhere 20 Chapter 2 Card Installation 21 Unpacking the Card 22 Shipment Inspection 22 Identifying Communication Ports 23 xu A e sega RESI hada we gaa abe sea 25 Identifying Multiple Cards 25 Connecting Timing Cables 26 Slot Compatibility 28 Hardware Installation 30 Software Installation
35. sterisk can be configured as the core of an IP or hybrid PBX switching calls managing routes enabling features and connecting callers with the outside world over IP analog POTS and digital T1 E1 J1 BRI connections Asterisk runs on a wide variety of operating systems including Linux Mac OS X OpenBSD FreeBSD and Sun Solaris It provides all of the features you would expect from a PBX including many advanced features that are often associated with high end and high cost proprietary PBXs Asterisk s architecture is designed for maximum flexibility and supports Voice over IP in many protocols and can interoperate with almost all standards based telephony equipment using relatively inexpensive hardware Asterisk as a Gateway It can also be built out as the heart of a media gateway bridging the legacy PSTN to the expanding world of IP telephony Asterisk s modular Digium Inc Page 18 Chapter 1 Overview architecture allows it to convert between a wide range of communications protocols and media codecs Asterisk as a Feature Media Server Need an IVR Asterisk s got you covered How about a conference bridge Yep It s in there What about an automated attendant Asterisk does that too How about a replacement for your aging legacy voicemail system Can do Unified messaging No problem Need a telephony interface for your web site Okay Asterisk in the Call Center Asterisk has been adopted by call centers around the w
36. t for NET side If you have a T1 PRI add these lines to the following lines of the sample file signalling pri cpe national switchtype group 1 context incoming channel 1 23 El PRI signalling pri cpe switchtype euroisdn context incoming channel gt 1 15 17 31 You can also configure a T1 channel bank of phones signalling fxo ks group 1 context phones channel 1 24 E1 channel bank signalling fxo ks group 1 context phones channel 1 15 17 31 Note More detailed troubleshooting information is provided on http ww w asterisk org Digium Inc Page 42 Chapter 3 Configuration Configuring T1 E1 Lines 1 Begin by opening the system conf file from the etc dahdi directory 2 Specify the two letter country code for your loadzone and defaultzone This will preload tone zone data and specify a default tone zone for your interfaces The following is a typical setup for a telco in the US loadzone us defaultzone us 3 Configure the SPAN Map For each 1 1 you are using you will need to define a span The SPAN map includes defining the SPAN number timing line build out framing and coding Configuration details for each of these items is explained in this section span gt Number Timing Line Build Out gt lt Framing gt lt Coding gt Yellow Number This is the port the T1 E1 line is plugged into Port 1 being the furthest span from the PCI bus The
37. ternet Protocol Technology used for transmitting voice traffic over a data network using the Internet Protocol Digium Inc Page 71
38. up for a telco in the US span gt 1 1 0 esf b8zs In Europe span gt 1 1 0 ccs hdb3 4 Specify the channel definitions The format is device channel list A list of valid devices are specified in the sample system conf file The following is a typical setup for a TI PRI in the US bchan 1 23 dchan 24 5 DAHDI uses modular echo cancellers that are configured per channel The echo cancellers are compiled and installed as part of the dahdi Digium Inc Page 45 Chapter 3 Configuration linux package You can specify the echo canceller to be used for each channel The default behavior is for there to be no echo canceller on any channel So it is very important that you specify one in the system conf file if you do not have hardware echo cancellers and need echo cancellation The format is echocanceller echocanceller name gt lt channel s gt A list of valid echo cancellers are specified in the sample system conf file The following is a typical setup for a T1 PRI in the US using software based echo cancellation echocanceller mg2 1 23 Digium Inc Page 46 Chapter 3 Configuration First Example Channel Bank The Channel Bank in this example has 24 FXS ports In this configuration the system conf is set for the card to provide timing to the channel bank and fxoks is set for 24 stations Set chan dahdi conf to mirror the configuration with signalling fxo ks and define it for channels 1 24
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