A2F-Linux Evaluation Kit
Contents
1. done Bytes transferred 821888 c8a80 hex A2F LNX EVB gt e Erase the destination Flash area A2F LNX EVB erase S flashaddr filesize soe OAR ED OULD done Erased 13 sectors A2F LNX EVB the image from RAM to Flash A2F LNX EVB cp b loadaddr flashaddr filesize Copy to done A2F LNX EVB A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 16 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems 6 4 U Boot Self Upgrade The A2F Linux distribution provides a full tree of the U Boot source files This allows you to configure or otherwise enhance U Boot for your specific needs To build U Boot do the following from the A2F Linux installation on your development host refer to 5 1 Goto A2F Linux installation and activate it unless you have activated it already pslGocean a2f linux 1 0 1 8 ACTIVATE sh pslGocean a2f linux 1 0 1 2 Goto the top of the U Boot source tree pslBocean a2f linux 1 0 1 9 ed u boot psl ocean u boot 3 Configure U Boot for the A2F LNX EVB board psl ocean u boot make 2 1 config Configuring for a2f lnx evb board psl ocean u boot 4 Build the U Boot image ready for download to the target over TFTP and copy it to to the TFTP server directory psl ocean u boot make Generating include autoconf mk Generating include autoconf mk dep for dir in tools examples standalone ex2. mnt my developer app cat gt dev sample This is the new content of dev sample 2D mnt my_developer app cat dev sample This is the new content of dev sample 8 Unload the device driver mnt my_developer app rmmod sample 9 Iterate to update and test your custom device driver from the NFS mounted host directory 7 7 Develop a Custom User Space Application over NFS 1 You are in the application sub directory in your project s directory 3 25 pwd home vlad test a2f linux 1 0 1 projects my developer app 2 The developer project you have cloned your new project off already provides a user space application implemented in app c This is an example so let s add a simple print out to the application code bash 3 25 vi app c printf s THIS IS CONTENT OF SS Mn app name dev name A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 22 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems Read the sample device byte by byte 7 while 1 3 Build the updated application bash 3 2 make arm uclinuxeabi gcc Os march armv7 m mthumb march armv7 m mthumb app make C home vlad test a2f linux 1 0 1 linux lib modules 2 6 33 arml build M pwd modules CFLAGS LDFLAGS make 1 Entering directory home vlad test a2f linux 1 0 1 linux Building modules stage 2 MODPOST 1 modules make 1 Leaving directory home vlad test a2f linux 1 0 1 linux 4 Onthe target install the device driver and test the
3. 2 Evaluation User s Manual Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems Table of Contents 1 Loh nA d A er M 4 2 IKITECONT ENTS uo E P A E E AEE E AAE EAE E E AN 4 2 1 HARDWARE ITEMS uu kaa eth nue rab ush has his kaa ha ks aa is 4 2 2 DOWNLOADABLE HARDWARE MATERIALS see eme eese serene 4 2 3 DOWNLOADABLE SOFTWARE MATERIALS u ua ana apa an a nan naa n q setate s aa dena 4 2 4 DOWNLOADABLE DOCUMENTATION MATERIALS 0scsceeeececeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeneneeeeeeneeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeneaeeeeneaeeeenseeeeeeaeeeen snes 4 3 A2F ENX EVB BOARD Du aaea DAR REF E22 RAT L CRM E CEA LOU chaceaisueduudsstedsuaandeabinassadsaaieesanneduadesiaanndaaienciaaiea 4 3 1 HARDWARE INTEREAGES aa esae tlie eter aku apaq akaqa Mus yaqa Sukakaqa kuwa yaqa D Sete e kuq D Nee dha 4 3 2 BOARD CONNECTIONS EE 5 3 3 EXTENSION INTERFACES eseseseesesosessesesessesesesecsesessssesessssesessssesoessssosossesesossssesossssesessssesossesesessssesessesesesseseo 5 3 3 1 IBET cip pl 5 3 3 2 DEN PE te date seated sate yu EA ENIS yu yu umu Qu AANT 6 333 Expansion Interface 3 3 4 POMS AI E ES E AE EEI E PIAS EAS AAS PATAS IESE ES TAS ATES PEOR
4. Use ntpd to synchronize the time on the target with the time provided by a public server date Thu 1 20002200 CU 1220 2 sleep 5 date 21 GA UT C20 Mount directory development host over 5 mount o nolock rsize 1024 172 17 0 212 0pt tmp mnt mount rootfs on type rootfs rw proc on proc type proc rw relatime none dev pts type devpts rw relatime mode 600 ptmxmode 000 172 17 0 212 opt tmp on type nis rw relatime vers 3 rsize 1024 wsize 32768 namlen 255 hard nolock proto udp port 65535 t imeo 7 retrans 3 sec sys mountport 65535 mountproto addr 172 17 0 212 ls mut CREDITS busybox hello2 gdb tests tgz address_cache demo hello gdb runtests sh ulmage bacserv event hello good test window bin hello hello2 test log Start the HTTP daemon 4 httpd h httpd html dg From a local host open a Web browser to http 172 17 4 200 and watch the A2F Linux demo page Reboot the target reboot The system is going down NOW Sent SIGTERM to all processes Sent SIGKILL to all processes Requesting system reboot Restarting system U Boot 2010 03 a2f lfx evb 1 0 1 Man 21 2011 19 43 45 5 A2F Linux Software Development Environment 5 1 Distribution and Installation 5 1 1 Distribution Image The A2F Linux development software is distributed as
5. on its size and is able to grow using the otherwise unused RAM memory The Linux image pre loaded on the board provides a demonstration of basic shell and network capabilities of A2F Linux Here is how you can test some of these capabilities A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 7 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems To bring up the network interface on the target perform an ifconfig command ifconfig 172 17 4 200 eth0 link up 100 Full From a local host test that the target is accessible over network pslGocean a2f linux 1 0 1 18 ping 172 17 4 200 PING 172 17 4 200 172 17 4 200 56 84 bytes of data 64 bytes from 172 17 4 200 icmp seq 1 ttl 64 time 3 11 ms 64 bytes from 172 17 4 200 icmp seq 2 ttl 64 time 0 900 ms 64 bytes from 172 17 4 200 icmp seq 3 tt1l 64 time 0 854 ms On the target connect to a local host using telnet telnet 172 1770 212 Entering character mode Escape character is Fedora release 12 Constantine Kernel 2 6132 226 175 686 1686 7 login pel Password o gum Mon Sul IS Sisley Ak oo psl pvr logout Connection closed by foreign host Start the telnet daemon to allow connections to the target telnetd sed Connect to the target from a local host using telnet hit Enter the password prompt psl ocean a2f linux 1 0 1 telnet 172 17 4 200 Trying LT2 00 4 200 Connected t
6. 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems done Bytes transferred 1439232 15f600 hex A2F LNX EVB erase flashaddr filesize Tr done Erased 22 sectors A2F LNX EVB S loadaddr S flashaddr filesize Copy to Flash done A2F LNX EVB 2 Reset the board and make sure that the new project boots from Flash in the autoboot mode A2F LNX EVB reset resetting Hit any key to stop autoboot 0 Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 74020000 amete Sis aded Willys ZO ce Is lt drwxr xr x 4 19270 Ie 70 4096 Mar 25 2011 my_developer act 7 6 Develop a Custom Loadable Device Driver over NFS 1 Go to the application sub directory in your project s directory bash 3 2 app bash 3 2 pwd home vlad test a2f linux 1 0 1 projects my developer app 2 The developer project you have cloned your new project off already provides a loadable kernel device driver implemented in sample c The device drivers allows reading device data from a pseudo device which keeps its data in a character array defined in sample c Let s enhance the device driver to allow changing the device data by writing into the character array bash 3 2 vi sample c B static char sample str 1024 This is the simplest loadable kernel module n Dt Device write E static ssize_t sample_write struct file filp const char buffer Size length lorr of
7. Saving to arm 2010q1 188 arm none eabi 1686 pc linux gnu tar bz2 A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 10 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems psl pvr tools tar xvfj arm 2010q1 188 arm none eabi i686 pc linux gnu tar bz2 arm 2010q1 arm none eabi arm 2010q1 arm none eabi lib psl pvr tools wget http www codesourcery com sgpp lite arm portal package6503 public arm uclinuxeabi arm 2010ql TIS9 arm uclinuxeabi 1686 pc linux guu tar bz2 Saving to arm 2010gl 189 arm uclinuxeasbi i696 pc linux gnu tar bz2 psl pvr tools tar xvfj arm 2010g1 1989 arm uclinuxeabi i696 pc linux gnu tar bz2 arm 2010qg1 arm uclinuxeabi arm 2010g1 arm uclinuxeabi libc It is possible to install the tools to an alternative location however should you do that you will need to modify the ACTIVATE sh script to provide a correct path to the installed tools specifically PATH must include a correct path to the directory where you have installed the cross tools The tools can be installed from an unpriviledged account In case you already have the toolchain installed on your development host it would be the case for instance if you have more than one installation of A2F Linux on your host you do not have to install the whole toolchain again Instead do the following pel pyve tools psl pye 9 In s lt path to tools gt arm 2010q1 5 1 4 Activation Whenever you want to activate an A2F Linux development
8. a a2f linux lt release gt tar bz2 available for download from the Emcraft web site along with other materials included in the a2f linux lt release gt zip distrubution image You can unpack that file to an arbitrary directory on your Linux development host as follows A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 9 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems 51 SF mkdir release psl ocean SF cd release psl ocean release tar xvjf a2f linux 1 0 1 tar bz2 azf linux l 0 1 azt laina a2f linus 1 Monna psi ocean 5 15 SE Ia anuo total 24 drwxr xr x 3 psl users 4096 2011 02 01 17 06 rwx a 1 pel users 315 2011 01 21 16 26 ACTIVAIE sh drwxr xr x 24 psl users 4096 2011 02 01 21 32 linux drwxr xr x 5 psl users 4096 2011 02 01 20 16 projects drwxr xr x 3 psl users 4096 2011 02 01 19 14 tools drwxr xr x 31 psl users 4096 2011 02 01 T9 16 u boot You do not need to be the superuser root in order to install the A2F Linux distribution The installation can be performed from an arbitrary unpriveledged user account 5 1 2 Installation Tree Having been installed onto the Linux host the A2F Linux provides the following files and directories relative to the top of the installation directory e A2F this is a directory for target components A2F busybox busybox source and development tree A2F dropbear dropbear SSH server source and development tree A2F root pre built targe
9. updated application mnt my developer app insmod sample ko mnt my developer app app app THIS IS CONTENT OF dev sample This is the simplest loadable kernel module 5 Unload the device driver mnt my developer app rmmod sample 6 Iterate to update and test your custom application from the NFS mounted host directory 8 Support and Further Materials To contact Emcraft s A2F Linux Support Team please send your questions over email at a2f linux support emcraft com Visit Emcraft s web site at www emcraft com to obtain additonal materials related to A2F Linux A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 23 23 Release 1 0 1
10. 18 A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 2 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems 7 4 aqp aispa 7 5 INSTALE THE NEW PROJECT TO FLASH ua a a aaa i Dee e RU a ee e ha re kutata aqhaq 7 6 DEVELOP CUSTOM LOADABLE DEVICE DRIVER OVER NFS 21 7 7 DEVELOP A CUSTOM USER SPACE APPLICATION OVER 5 ensem meses enne 22 8 SUPPORT AND FURTHER 5 44 22 22 4 1 111 1111 11 u u uu uu 23 A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 3 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems 1 Overview This document is User s Manual for the Emcraft A2F Linux Evaluation Kit The Kit provides a platform for evaluation and development of Linux on the Cortex M3 CPU core of the Microsemi SmartFusion FPGA 2 Kit Contents The A2F Linux Evaluation Kit includes the following components 2 1 Shippable Hardware Items 1 A2F LNX EVB board 2 Mini USB cable 2 2 Downloadable Hardware Materials 1 A2F LNX EVB schematics in PDF format 2 A2F LNX EVB Bill Of Material BOM in Excel format 2 3 Downloadable Software Materials 1 Libero project with the U Boot image embedded ready for installation onto the A2F LNX EVB board using the MicroSe
11. Copy the resultant configuration file to the project directory as project busybox clone new newproject clone the current project into a new project with a specified name The current project directory with all sub directories is copied into the new project directory The project kernel busybox and initramfs configuration files are copied with the new name In Makefile SAMPLE is set to the name of the new project The main idea behind this framework is that each project keeps its own configuration for the Linux kernel in the project kernel file its own definition of the contents of the target file system in the project initramtfs file and its own configuration of busybox in the project busybox file These files are enough to rebuild both the project kernel and the project file system with a specific configuration of the busybox tool embedded from scratch If a project makes use of a custom application specific to the project such an application must be built from the sources located in an arbitrarily named sub directory local to the project directory There could be several sub directories in a project one per a custom application Each subdirectory will have its own Makefile defining rules for building the custom application from the corresponding sources Each custom application listed in 05 0 APPS must have a Makefile the custom application sub directory defining the following targets all build the applic
12. Erased 2 sectors Writing to Flash Protected 2 sectors A2F LNX EVB 5 Bootthe Linux image over the network and test that the networking is functional Note that given a correct ipaddr setting in U Boot the kernel brings up the Ethernet interface in Linux automatically without an explicit ifconfig command A2F LNX EVB run netboot Corel0 100 link up 100 Full Using 10 100 device from server 172 I BENaddresseisei2 17 4 50 Filename vlad v Load address 0x70000000 Loading FEFE TE FE FE TE FE HE TE FE E TE FE E FE FE E FE FE TE FE FE E E E E E E E H E E done Bytes transferred 1439232 15f600 hex Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 70000000 Image Name Linux 2 6 33 arml Image Type ARM Linux Kernel Image uncompressed Data Size 1439168 Bytes 1 4 MB Load Address 70008000 Entry Point 70008001 Verifying Checksum Loading Kernel Image OK OK Starting kernel D Linux version 2 6 33 arml vlad8ocean emcraft com gcc version 4 4 1 Sourcery Lite 8 Pri Mar 25 7 26 T 2011 IP Config Complete device eth0 addr 172 17 4 150 mask 255 255 0 0 gw 255 255 255 255 host a2f lnx evb domain nis domain none bootserver 172 17 0 1 rootserver 172 17 0 1 rootpath Freeing init memory 328K init Start
13. I ae 6 4 PRE INSTALLED SES Eo Re Eod ar Ec PESE Ras EUR DOES Pens Coa 7 5 A2F LINUX SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTT 9 5 1 DISTRIBUTIONZAND INSTALLATION au exotics cons nn a aaa a Uu a Ter aaa asua aq 9 51 Distribution mage ioo 9 5 1 2 Installation Tree 5 1 3 GNU Cross Build 0 6 5 2 06 10 5 1 4 ACHIVATION EL 1 5155 Dependency on Host Components 5 2 PROJECTS FRAMEWORK oe mk aaa ett a tactic iat tete pete bete gods asua aa 12 5 2 1 MultiplesTarget Projects 5 peu vp e ded ome AEE ee Ae o e de 12 5 2 2 Hello World Project 13 5 2 3 Networking Demo Projects a fe dea co edet co e deo o de Dto do de deos s dala o Ae Beton do de Delon do de Beton df de deoa clo 13 5 2 4 Developer Demo Project concio Q ay acude usay aQ qay aq say ao Les datae 14 6 c cai cen esa seus cua aser E Dd Uc sa esa pda E a Eg rb eG er Uc pa
14. amples api cpu arm cortexm3 home psl SF release a2f linux 1 0 1 u boot cpu arm cortexm3 do N make C dir depend done make 1 Entering directory home psl SF release a2f linux 1 0 1 u boot tools pslBocean u boot 9 cp u boot bin tftpboot psl a2f To upgrade the firmware do the following on the target 1 Configure the networking in U Boot if necessary 2 Download the U Boot image from the TFTP server A2F LNX EVB tftp psl a2f u boot bin Corel0 100 link up 100 Full Using 10 100 device 1072100 Filename psl a2f u boot bin Load address 0x70000000 Loading done Bytes transferred 96052 17734 hex A2F LNX EVB 3 Program the new U Boot image to the SmartFusion eNVM Note that the following command automatically resets the target upon completion of the eVNM upgade which calls the newly programmed image from the reset vector in the eNVM A2F LNX EVB cptf 0 loadaddr filesize 1 cptf Updating eNVM Please wait U Boot 2070 03 Mer 21 2001 202189752 CPU SmartFusion FPGA Cortex M3 Hard IP Board A2F LNX EVB Rev 2 www emcraft com A2F LNX EVB NOTE Be extra careful when performing the cpt command specified above In case you program an incorrect U Boot image to the eNVM this will render the board non bootable The only resort in this scenario is to program the Libero project file included in the A2F Linu
15. ation start up sequence perspective developer is similar to networking developer is ready for NFS mount although the user must explicitly enable the mount command in 1ocal rc and edit it for his local environment From the busybox configuration perspective developer enables insmod lsmod rmmod to allow management of loadable kernel modules developer has a custom application directory called app It contains e Loadable device driver called sample c which implements a device driver for a pseudo device that returns a certain string on attempt to read the entire device rejects any attempts to write the device e User space application called app c which opens the sample device driver using dev sample device node file reads the device until EOF a per byte basis and prints the read characters to the user terminal stdout Please refer to 7 to find our more about how developer can be used to jump start A2F Linux development 6 U Boot 6 1 Pointers to Detailed Information on U Boot A2F Linux makes use of the U Boot firmware to bring the SmartFusion target up from a power on reset and to boot Linux onto the target U Boot is a popular firmware monitor developed and maintained by DENX Software Engineering www denx de DENX publishes extensive U Boot user documentation at their web site This section provides a brief introduction to U Boot as relevant to the A2F Linux software environment 6 2 U Boot Theo
16. ation from the sources clean clean anything that has been previously built Content of the initramfs file system is defined for a project in the file named project initramfs Note that this file makes use of INSTALL ROOT to provide a reference to the top of the A2F Linux installation directory 5 2 2 Hello World Demo Project Resides in projects hello A single application Linux configuration The application starts as an init process as soon as the kernel has mounted the root filesystem and prints a Hello A2F Linux message in an endless loop There is no way to interrupt or stop the application rather than resetting the system 5 2 3 Networking Demo Project Resides in projects networking A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 13 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems Implements the functionality of the demo system that comes pre installed on the A2F LNX EVB board Please refer to 4 for a detailed description of the demo The demo includes the dropbear SSH server configured to accept only DSA connections To configure the server to accept RSA connections edit networking initramfs and rebuild the demo to add the etc dropbear dropbear_rsa_host_key file to the target file system 5 2 4 Developer Demo Project Resides in projects developer developer is intended as a template project that can be used to jump start development of custom user space applications and lodable kernel modules From the kernel configur
17. e autoboot command During the bootdelay countdown you can interrupt the autobooting by pressing any key 6 3 3 Networking in U Boot U Boot supports downloading of images over network using the TFTP service To enable networking the following U Boot variables must be set to values matching the local network configuration ipaddr IP address of your A2F LNX EVB board netmask local network mask serverip address of the TFTP server After you have defined the above variables you can use the tftp U Boot command to download images to SRAM For example A2F LNX EVB gt tftp psl a2f networking uImage Corel0 100 link up 100 Full Using 10 100 device mame aron Senven Lya SIN is NRI Filename psl a2f networking uImage Load address 0x70000000 Loading done Bytes transferred 821888 c8a80 hex A2F LNX EVB 6 3 4 Flash related Commands To program a Linux loadable image to the Flash execute the following commands Download the image to RAM A2F LNX EVB tftp psl a2f networking uImage Corel0 100 link up 100 Full Using 10 100 device server address 10 2500 Filename psl a2f networking ulmage Load address 0x70000000 Loading
18. ed Busybox 2011 02 25 15212552 72 PENGET 2 0 MEE aC rts S I S SS 64 bytes from 172 17 0 1 seq 0 ttl 64 time 11 617 ms 64 bytes from 172 17 0 1 seq 1 ttl 64 time 2 016 ms A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 19 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems 7 4 Update the New Project This section updates the new project for the required functionality and validates it on the target 1 Inthe new project update the target start up script so that it automatically mounts the projects directory from the A2F Linux installation on the development host This makes all projects immediatelly available on the target allowing you to edit build and test your sample applications and loadable device drivers without having to re Flash or even reboot the target 3 wi local re bin sh mount 5 proc proc PEOC mount t sysfs sysfs sys mount t devpts none dev pts mkdir mnt mount o nolock rsize 1024 172 17 0 1 home vlad test a2f linux 1 0 1 projects mnt ifconfiuy lo 127205051 2 Build the updated project and copy it to the TFTP server directory bash 3 2 make cp my developer uImage tftpboot vlad v 3 Reboot the target load the updated image over the network and test it reboot f Restarting system Hit any key to stop autoboot 0 A2F LNX EVB run netboot aims Busy NOU 09 2580 5271529 MSK mount rootfs on type
19. er onda cb co rb a Dee E o EO Uc E EE a Fa LR rar 14 6 1 POINTERS TO DETAILED INFORMATION ON 0 2 1 4 site se si estate se ase se ases 14 6 2 THEORY OE OPERATION 3 525 pce pe eee de e pee e dee e dete eee eoe ot eut a as dove dao dea Qua 14 6 3 SELECTED USE SCENARIOS exter ea ct hraa EE AaS eaae ez deu s 15 6 3 1 U Boot Environment EET 15 6 3 2 PAULO DOOL apupas puasa LM M ML EH q akta ay 15 6 333 Networking vios akaqa akawa askai 16 6 3 4 Flash related wie ey cte ge e mee eye e ge ge ye Tcp e a egeta qe a egeta e a egeta ge 16 6 4 U BOOT SEF UPGRADE hick Content dadana rate nah np dee eruat aa oat e A ai EK Ee Ada e ed 17 7 SAMPLE DEVELOPMENT SESSION c sawa nsn n nsn nns eee eee 18 7 1 SAMPLE SESSION OUTLINE 5 523 123 ua et A uk u e et eae os ee eee eset e etat 18 7 2 CREATE A NEW PROJECT a tania ode tiie AE eee eines 18 7 3 SET UP TARGET FOR DEBUGGING OF THE NEW PROJECT
20. er to 1inux Documentation Changes for a list of host tools required on the development host to build the Linux kernel The same list of tools is required for the U Boot and busybox build A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 11 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems e The CodeSourcery A2F cross build tools Please refer to the toolchain README at http www codesourcery com sgpp lite arm portal doc7632 getting started pdf and http www codesourcery com sgpp lite arm portal doc7615 getting started pdf for the arm uclinuxeabi and arm none eabi toolchains respectively The tools mkimage utility It is expected that the utility will work as is on most of today s Linux distributions If it fails to run on a certain host you can build it for your specific Linux host from the sources included in the A2F Linux distribution by running make tools from the top of the U Boot tree 5 2 Projects Framework 5 2 1 Multiple Target Projects In the A2F Linux installation there is a directory called projects which provides a framework that you will be able to use to develop multiple projects embedded applications from a single installation of A2F Linux This directory has the following structure projects Rules make build rules common for all projects e 1 Project1 source files and build tree e project2 Project2 source files and build tree The installation provides three sample projects called
21. fset int ret 0 Check that the user has supplied valid buffer if 0 buffer length ret EINVAL goto Done ys Write the user supplied string into the sample device string i strncpy sample str buffer length sample str length 0 offset length 1 ret length Done A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 21 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems d_printk 3 length dMn length 3 Build the updated device driver bash 3 2 make make home vlad test a2f linux 1 0 1 linux lib modules 2 6 33 arml build M pwdi modules CFLAGS LDFLAGS make 1 Entering directory home vlad test a2f linux 1 0 1 linux CC M home vlad test a2f linux 1 0 1 projects my developer app sample o Building modules stage 2 MODPOST 1 modules LD M home vlad test a2f linux 1 0 1 projects my developer app sample ko make 1 Leaving directory home vlad test a2f linux 1 0 1 linux 4 Onthe target go to the application directory mnt my developer app cd mnt my developer app 5 Install the updated device driver mnt my developer app insmod sample ko 6 Test that the read operation returns the content of the built in device data mnt my developer app cat dev sample This is the simplest loadable kernel module 7 Write into dev sample in order to change the device data and test the device returns the updated data on a next read
22. hello A Hello world application networking a basic shell and networking demonstration and developer a template project demonstrating development of a custom A2F Linux application You will be able to add more projects to this directory and develop your own embedded applications using this framework Each project directory Such as projects hello contains the following configuration files project kernel kernel configuration for this project project busybox busybox configuration for this project e project initramfs file defining content of the initramfs filesystem for this project When you run make linux or simply make from the project directory the build system builds project specific versions of the Linux kernel and busybox then creates an initramfs filesystem containing the newly built busybox binary as well as other target files defined by the initramfs filesystem specification file and finally wraps it all up into a Linux image ready for download to the target by U Boot Each project directory has a Makefile identifying the following make variables You need to set these variables correctly for your project e SAMPLE the name of the project The downloadable Linux image has this name with the the uImage extension Additionally SAMPLE is passed to the initramfs build subsystem as a reference to the directory where filesystem binaries reside CUSTOM APPS this variable provides a list of the sub d
23. int all environment variables A2F LNX EVB print bootargs console ttyS0 115200 panic 10 bootcmd run flashboot bootdelay 3 baudrate 115200 hostname a2f 1nx evb loadaddr 70000000 addip setenv bootargs bootargs ip ipaddr S serverip gatewayip S netmask hostname eth0 off flashaddr 74020000 flashboot run addip bootm flashaddr netboot tftp run addip bootm image a2f ulImage ethact Core10 100 stdin serial stdout serial stderr serial ethaddr 00 22 44 66 88 AA Environment size 430 4092 bytes A2F LNX EVB setenv var val set the variable var to the value val A2F LNX EVB setenv image psl a2f hello image A2F LNX EVB printenv image image psl a2f hello image A2F LNX EVB e Running setenv var Will un set the U Boot variable saveenv Save the up to date U Boot environment possibly updated using setenv commands into persistent storage A2F LNX EVB saveenv Saving Environment to Flash Un Protected 2 sectors Erasing Flash done Erased 2 sectors Writing to Flash done Protected 2 sectors A2F LNX EVB 6 3 2 Autoboot The autoboot sequence in U Boot is controlled by the following environment variables A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 15 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems bootcmd command to execute automatically after reset To disable the autoboot undefine this variable bootdelay delay in seconds before running th
24. irectories containing custom applications for the project Custom applications are built in the specified order prior to building the Linux kernel and initramfs images If a project doesn t have custom applications the variable should be left empty The following make targets are implemented in projects Rules make common build rules file all or linux build an uncompressed Linux image ready for download to the target and place it to the project directory as project u1mage A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 12 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems kclean clean up the Linux kernel source tree by running make clean in 5 INSTALL ROOT linux bclean clean up the busybox source tree by running make clean in INSTALL ROOT A2F busybox aclean clean up the custom application source trees by running make clean in each application source directory as listed in CUSTOM APPS clean Clean up the entire project by removing lt project gt uImage and then cleaning up the Linux kernel and busybox trees as described above Additionally if CUSTOM APPS is not empty make clean is performed in each custom application sub directory kmenuconfig configure the Linux kernel by running make menuconfig in the Linux source tree Copy the resultant configuration file to the project directory as project kernel bmenuconfig configure the busybox tool by running make menuconfig in the busybox source tree
25. me vlad test a2f linux 1 0 1 linux initramfs list min stub X home vlad test a2f linux 1 0 1 linux initramfs list min Image arch arm boot ulmage is ready make 1 Leaving directory home vlad test a2f linux 1 0 1 linux cp f home vlad test a2f linux 1 0 1 linux arch arm boot uImage my developer ulmage 3 25 cp my developer uImage tftpboot vlad v 7 3 Set Up Target for Debugging of the New Project This section sets up U Boot for debugging of the new project on the target 1 Reset the target and enter the U Boot command monitor hitting any key to stop the autoboot Hit any key to stop autoboot 0 A2F LNX EVB 2 Define the IP addresses for the target and a TFTP server define the name of the image to be downloaded by tftpboot A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 18 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems A2F LNX EVB setenv ipaddr 172 17 4 150 A2F LNX EVB gt setenv serverip 172 17 0 1 A2F LNX EVB gt setenv image vlad v 3 Check that U Boot defines appropriate commands macros for booting the Linux image from a TFTP server and running it on the target A2F LNX EVB gt printenv netboot netboot tftp 1 addip bootm A2F LNX EVB printenv addip addip setenv bootargs bootargs ip ipaddr S serverip S gatewayip S netmask S hostname eth0 off 4 Save the updated environment in Flash A2F LNX EVB savee Saving Environment to Flash Un Protected 2 sectors Erasing Flash done
26. mi FlashPro tool not included in the Kit 2 A2F Linux software development environment including a U Boot firmware b Linux kernel C busybox and other target components d Linux hosted cross development environment e Framework for developing multiple projects embedded applications from a single installation including sample projects allowing to kick start software development for A2F Linux 2 4 Downloadable Documentation Materials 1 A2F Linux User s Manual this document 2 A2F Linux Release Notes 3 A2F LNX EVB Board 3 1 Hardware Interfaces The A2F LNX EVB board provides a hardware plaform for evaluation and development of A2F Linux The board provides the following components and interfaces A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 4 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems SmartFusion A2F200 FG256 50MHz Oscillator 16MB PSRAM 8MB NOR Flash 2 user LEDs Expansion interface Power good LED INTERFACE peteeeeeene JTAG interface 10 100 Ethernet interface Test points USB power and USB UART interface to PC Reset push button Potentiometer 3 2 Board Connections To power the board up simply connect it to a PC notebook by plugging the mini USB cable into the P1 connector of the A2F LNX EVB As soon as the connection to the PC has been made the PowER LED should lit indicating that the board is up and running On the PC the USB link provides a serial console de
27. o 172 17 4 200 Escape character is a2f lnx evb login root Password Start the dropbear SSH daemon to allow secure connections to the target dropbear Connect to the target from a local host using ssh hit Enter on the password prompt pel ocean s2f linux L 0 1 8 ssh rootG172 17 4 200 The authenticity of host 172 17 4 200 172 17 4 200 can t be established DSA key fingerprint is d2 dl 5fidd 84 65 1d 2 f ee 69 00 85 d0 22 00 87 Are you sure you want to continue connecting yes no yes Warning Permanently added 172 17 4 200 DSA to the list of known hosts 2005 password gt On the target configure a default gateway and the name resolver Note how the sample configuration below makes use of the public name server provided by Google Note also use of vi to edit target files under Linux route add default 172 17 0 1 4 vi etc resolv conf nameserver 8 8 8 8 Use wget to download a file from a remote server 4 wget ftp ftp gnu org README A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 8 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems Connecting to org 140 186 10 20 21 README 100 al tal ah al tah ad tal ad Cad kk K tal ad K ad 1765 1 cat README This is ftp gnu org the FTP server of the the GNU project Comments suggestions problems and complaints should be reported via email to lt gnu gnu org gt
28. rootfs rw proc on proc type proc rw relatime Sysfs on sys type sysfs rw relatime none dev pts type devpts rw relatime mode 600 ptmxmode 000 172 17 0 1 home vlad test a2f linux 1 0 l projects on mnunt type nfs rw relatime vers 3 rsize 1024 wsize 32768 namlen 255 hard nolock proto udp port 65535 t imeo 7 retrans 3 sec sys mountport 65535 mountproto addr 172 17 0 1 Is 15 4 19270 iS 2 4096 Mar 25 2011 my developer drwxr xr x 4 19270 19270 4096 25 2011 developer Saye L 19270 3581 Mar 25 2011 Rules make drwxr xr x ECAT 192 10 4096 25 2011 hello IE 19270 4096 25 2011 networking 7 5 Install the New Project to Flash This section installs the new project to Flash so that it automatically boots up on the target on any power up reset 1 Atthe U Boot prompt load the Linux image into the target RAM over TFTP and program it to Flash A2F LNX EVB tftp image Corel 0 100 Link up 100 Full Using 10 100 device TEEPE server 172 170 ours LE address ase 72 1 4 150 Filename vlad v Load address 0x70000000 Loading FERE TE FE FE TE FE HE TE FE E TE FE E TE FE E FE HE E E E TE E E E E E E E E E E A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 20 23 Release
29. ry of Operation A typical A2F Linux boot up sequence is as follows e U Boot firmware runs the target from the eNVM eSRAM no external memory required and performs all required initialization from power on reset including setting up the EMC controller for external memory accesses e U Boot relocates Linux image from external Flash to external RAM and passes control to the kernel entry point in RAM External Flash resides at the EMC interface Linux image can be compressed to save the Flash storage in this case U Boot uncompresses the image when relocating it to RAM A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 14 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems e Linux proceeds to boot up and mount a RAM based filesystem initramfs as a root filesystem initramfs is populated with required files and directories at build time and is then simply linked into the kernel U Boot operation is controlled at run time by the so called environment variables which are stored in persistent storage such as external Flash Each environment variable controls a certain aspect of U Boot operation For instance there is an environment variable called bootargs that defines a kernel command string that U Boot passes to the Linux kernel as the parameters 6 3 Selected Use Scenarios 6 3 1 U Boot Environment To manipulate the U Boot environment the following commands are used printenv var print the value of the variable var Without arguments pr
30. sequence by hitting a key before U Boot starts relocating the Linux image to RAM and enter the command line interface of U Boot however assuming no operator intervention U Boot proceeds to boot Linux up as soon as possible U Boot 2010 03221 d mxceevi 1 Man 21 20117 T9 43 45 CPU SmartFusion FPGA Cortex M3 Hard IP Board A2F LNX EVB Rev 2 www emcraft com DRAM 16 MB Pashe te EMB Tas serial Out serial Ert serial Net 10 100 Hit any key to stop autoboot 0 Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 74020000 Image Name 6 332 ARM Linux Kernel Image uncompressed Data Size 821816 Bytes 802 6 kB Load Address 70008000 Entry Point 70008001 Verifying Checksum OK Loading Kernel Image OK OK Starting kernel Uncompressing Linux done booting the kernel Linux version 2 6 33 arml psl ocean emcraft com gcc version 4 4 1 Sourcery Lite 2010g1 198 Mon Mar 21 19 59 56 MSK 2011 CPU ARMv7 M Processor 411fc231 revision 1 ARMv7M CPU NO data cache NO instruction cache Machine Actel A2F Freeing init memory 292K init started BusyBox vl 17 0 2011 02 01 19 58 44 MSK The Linux kernel is configured to mount a root filesystem the external RAM using the initramfs file system initramfs is populated with required files and utilities at the kernel build time and then simply linked into the Linux image initramfs doesn t have hard limits
31. session go to the top of your A2F Linux installation and run ACTIVATE sh This command sets up exports the following environment variables required by the A2F Linux development environment INSTALL ROOT dir root directory of the installation This variable is used by the A2F Linux make system as well as in the project initramts file to provide a reference to the A2F Linux installation directory CROSS COMPILE arm non abi Reference to the cross tools used to build U Boot and the Linux kernel CROSS COMPILE APPS arm uclinuxeabi Reference to the cross tools used to build user space applications and tools It should be noted that the busybox toolset application has its own build system that makes use of a local CROSS COMPILE environment variable set to arm uclinuxeabi in the busybox configuration file PATH SINSTALL ROOT tools arm 2010q1 bin INSTALL ROOT tools bin orig path Path to the cross tools used by the shell 5 1 5 Dependency on Host Components The A2F Linux distribution has the following dependencies on Linux host software components Please consult the notes below in case the A2F Linux development environment does not function as documented in the sections that follow The U Boot busybox and Linux kernel build systems require that certain host packages be installed on the development host to function correctly These packages are make gcc perl and some others Please ref
32. t binaries ready for use on the target e u boot U Boot source and development tree linux Linux uClinux kernel source and development tree projects sample projects embedded applications tools development tools tools bin mkimage utility used by the A2F Linux kernel build process to create a bootable U Boot kernel image such as uImage e ACTIVATE sh Shell script you need to perform in order to acitvate the A2F Linux development environment on your host 5 1 3 GNU Cross Build Tools As a next step in the A2F Linux installation procedure you need to download the GNU cross build tools for the Cortex M3 target The tools are available from CodeSourcery and can be downloaded from the following URLs kernel and U Boot toolchain http www codesourcery com sgpp lite arm portal package6493 public arm none eabi arm 201091 188 arm non abi i686 pc linux gnu tar bz2 busybox and applications toolchain http www codesourcery com sgpp lite arm portal package6503 public arm uclinuxeabi arm 2010g1 189 arm uclinuxeabi i686 pc linux gnu tar bz2 It is recommended that you install the GNU development tools to the too1s directory of the A2F Linux installation as follows acf luinux l D VU Ds ed tools psl pvr tools wget http www codesourcery com sgpp lite arm portal package6493 public arm none eabi arm 2010gl1 188 arm none eabi i6986 pc linux gnu tar bz2
33. urrent through the Potentiometer N6 P6 Voltage on the Potentiometer T5 3 3 3 Expansion Interface P3 Pin SmartFusion Pin P3 Pin SmartFusion Pin 1 VCC3 11 GND 2 VCC3 12 GND 3 M16 13 K15 4 N16 14 K14 5 M15 15 GND 6 M13 16 GND 7 13 17 R11 8 J12 18 11 9 116 19 P9 10 J14 20 R9 P4 Pin SmartFusion Pin P4 Pin SmartFusion Pin 1 GND 11 D15 2 GND 12 D14 3 E16 13 GND 4 E15 14 GND 5 F12 15 C16 6 E12 16 C15 7 GND 17 D13 8 GND 18 C14 9 E14 19 G5 10 F14 20 F3 3 3 4 Test Points Test Point SmartFusion Pin Test Point SmartFusion Pin 1 10 11 N9 2 R10 12 N10 3 R6 13 P10 4 7 14 GND 5 T12 15 GND A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 6 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems Test Point SmartFusion Pin Test Point SmartFusion Pin 6 M12 16 GND 7 M11 17 GND 8 R5 18 GND 9 N5 19 GND 10 M9 20 GND 4 Pre installed Demo The A2F Linux board comes with the U Boot firmware installed into the eNVM of SmartFusion and a Linux image installed into the external NOR Flash memory On a power on or reset U Boot runs from the eNVM and uses the embedded SRAM of SmartFusion as a storage for volatile data Having completed the basic initialization U Boot configures the memory controller to allow accesses to the external RAM and Flash memory and then copies the Linux image from Flash to RAM and jumps to the Linux kernel entry point in RAM It is possible to interrupt the U Boot autoboot
34. vice to the A2F LNX EVB board The A2F Linux software installed on the board is configured for a 115 2Kb terminal On the Linux host the serial console is available using a dev ttyUSBn device To provide network connectivity to the board connect it into your LAN by plugging a standard Ethernet cable into the J1 connector The A2F LNX EVB comes with the U Boot firmware pre installed into SmartFusion U Boot provides sufficient interfaces for uploading and installing new firmware images onto the board so you may never need re install firmware over the interface If however at some point you require re programming U Boot onto your board connect it to a Microsemi FlashPro programmer tool by plugging a standard cable into the P2 connector Note that neither a FlashPro programming tool nor a cable is included the A2F Linux Evaluation Kit 3 3 Extension Interfaces The A2F LNX EVB provides the following interfaces that can be used to prototype custom hardware extensions to the main hardware design of the board as well as to develop new software drivers and applications 3 3 1 User LEDs LED SmartFusion Pin USER_1 G4 USER_2 115 A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 5 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems 3 3 2 Potentiometer Measurement SmartFusion Pin C
35. x A2F Linux Evaluation Kit User s Manual 17 23 Release 1 0 1 Emcraft Systems Evaluation Kit to the board using the Microsemi FlashPro tool Please refer to the Microsemi documentation for detailed information on the FlashPro tool 7 Sample Development Session 7 1 Sample Session Outline This sample session illustrates a possible software development cycle in A2F Linux We will do the following 1 Create a new project by cloning it off of the developer demo project 2 Modify the new project to automatically NFS mount a development tree from the Linux host where we have installed A2F Linux 3 Program the new project image into Flash so that it autoboots on the target on each power up reset 4 Develop a new custom application anda kernel module and debug them from the NFS mounted host directory without having to even reboot the target 7 2 Create a New Project This section creates a new project as a clone of the existing project and makes sure the new project builds 1 Start off of the developer project and create a clone called developer 3 25 pwd home vlad test a2f linux 1 0 1 projects developer bash 3 2 make clone new smy developer New project created in home vlad test a2f linux 1 0 1 projects my developer bash 3 2 2 Goto the new project directory build it and copy the downloadable Linux image to the TFTP server directory bash 3 2 cd my developer bash 3 2 make ep ho
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search