Assignment 01 – Load and Energy Calculations
Contents
1. BP Ulay Rates amp Lie Cych Conte Fie Energy Mont Bc Systems zones aed iom E Osmom 101 BB amom 102 El Gassioon 103 m E Gascon 104 E Room 100 Admnetiatin Ell Room 110 Tech Stop m Efl Room 111 Muse Room m El caetens i E Gyre i ER Classon 125 Ez fod FPVAV Classroom gi Fan Cols Hal Stocage laa Parts ind eugeent lias Covkng plants Mas Heating planis Component Tree View zoo TRACES 700 C XCDSYTRACET7OUXProjectsVTutorialtrc tre File Edit Actions View Options Libraries Templates Window Help Component Tree View Alternative 1 Project Information MER Economics ALT Alternative 1 Lo Utility Rates amp Life Cycle Costs Utility Rates E Energy Mgmt Us Cooling plants ts Plants Cooling equipment DA Controls li s Heating plants lgs Plants Heating equipment Base utilities Gd Miscellaneous accessories oF Systems Op Options BY Dedicated QA hf Temperature Humidity Fans B Coi 9o Fan Overrides E33 Advanced ptions a Zones amp Rooms EP Aittlows 4 People amp Lighting Floors Miscellaneous Loads Partitions Roofs Walls Da S telu Bs WEE Recuring Additional Depreciable Costs w P Project information O Washington Elementary School Location La Crosse Wisco2. BBSE2008 Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering http www hku hk bse bbse2008 Assignment 01 Load and Energy Calculations Load and energy calculations are important tasks for HVAC heating ventilating and air conditioning design and analysis With the help of sophisticated computer software it is possible to investigate the building thermal load and energy consumption in an effective way The results could help building designers and owners optimize the performance of the HVAC systems and make informed decisions on investment Objectives e To perform load and energy calculations using the selected computer software e To evaluate the calculation results and appreciate the analysis process Methodology This assignment is intended to strengthen what you have learned during the lectures by conducting hands on exercises and developing practical experience with the calculations and analysis process In order to develop the skills for load and energy calculations three computer software programs have been selected for the learning process Students shall form a team of 3 to 4 persons to carry out the assignment and learn the key features of the programs a Carmel Loadsoft 6 0 AV 697 00028553 L79 www carmelsoft com b Energy 10 www nrel gov buildings energy 10 html www sbicouncil org energy 10 soft c TRACE 700 www trane com commercial dna view aspx 1 1136 Procedure 1 Practical use of Carmel Loadsoft 6
3. 0 1 1 Please refer to Appendix I for the instructions of a Walk though exercise 1 2 Follow the instructions to learn how to build up the inputs and do the calculations 1 3 Evaluate the information of the output reports and copy them for future analysis 2 Practical use of Energy 10 2 1 Start the software on the computer A welcome window will come up 2 2 Click First Time User and the electronic Help file will be opened Read the basic program information so as to get familiar with the software 2 3 Close the Help file you may refer to it again during the process 2 4 Perform Exercise 1 Overview see Appendix II 2 5 Perform Exercise 2 HVAC Efficiency see Appendix IIT 2 6 Copy and save the input summary and results of the exercises 3 Practical use of TRACE 700 see Appendix IV 3 1 Start the software on the computer A Startup window will come up 3 2 Click Open Open an Existing Project Select and open the file Tutorialtrc 3 3 The Project Navigator window will appear Click on each item and examine the information one by one 3 4 Click on View pull down menu and select Component Tree View Examine the information 3 5 Click on View pull down menu and select Project Tree View Examine the information 3 6 Get back to the Project Navigator view Change the weather information to Hong Kong and click OK 3 7 Click on Action pull down menu and select Calcul
4. 1 area Leave the default values for any of the inputs not specified below Total Area SqM 15 SqM Avg Area Height 2 5 metre Wall 1 e Orientation East e Wall CTS No Select wall number 8 by pressing the F4 key in the Wall CTS No drop down This will list all of the available wall CTS types e Wall Color Medium e Width 4 metre e Height 2 5 metre e Wall Angle 0 e Orientation Flat e Roof CTS No Select roof number 9 by pressing the F4 key in the Roof CTS No drop down This will list all of the available roof CTS types e Width 4 metre e Length 4 metre Click the Window and Shading tab and select Window 1 and enter the following e Corresponding Wall 1 e Window No Select the window number 1a by pressing the F4 key in the Window No drop down This will list all of the available window SHGC types e Window Material W3 1 glass single pane half inch clear w draperies e Width 1 2 metre e Height 1 2 metre Under the Internal Other tab enter the following e Total People 5 e Lighting Wattage 12 Watt SqM Toggle between Watts SqM and Total Watts by pressing the F3 key e Miscellaneous Sensible 150 Watt Go to the Checks Inputs tab and perform checks to ensure all inputs are correct Then perform a quick calculation to view the load breakdown for the area Step 11 Repeat Steps 9 and 10 above except name the new area Bedroom 2 and input the following values e e Total Area SqM 1
5. 56 SqFt Avg Area Height 2 5 metre Wall 1 e Orientation West Wall CTS No Select wall number 8 by pressing the F4 key in the Wall CTS No drop down This will list all of the available wall CTS types Wall Color Medium Width 4 metre Height 2 5 metre Wall Angle 0 Orientation South Wall CTS No Select wall number 8 by pressing the F4 key in the Wall CTS No drop down This will list all of the available wall CTS types Wall Color Medium Width 4 2 metre Height 2 5 metre Wall Angle 0 Orientation Flat Roof CTS No Select roof number 9 by pressing the F4 key in the Roof CTS No drop down This will list all of the available roof CTS types Width 4 metre Length 4 metre e Click the Window and Shading tab and select Window 1 and enter the following Corresponding Wall 1 Window No Select the window number 1a by pressing the F4 key in the Window No drop down This will list all of the available window SHGC types Window Material W3 1 glass single pane half inch clear w draperies Width 1 2 metre Height 1 2 metre e Click the Window and Shading tab and select Window 2 and enter the following Corresponding Wall 2 Window No Select the window number 1a by pressing the F4 key in the Window No drop down This will list all of the available window SHGC types Window Material W3 1 glass single pane half inch clear w draperies Width 1 5 metre Height 1 2 m
6. ase and Bldg 2 Increased insulation Note that this screen is a good place to give yourself comments on what is in the scheme so that you can easily recognize your scheme later o Click OK twice to get back to the Summary Page Note that the description of the two cases has changed STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6 o Click EES Strategies in the main menu pull down Click Apply o Click the button next to Insulation The Insulation EES Characteristics screen appears with information about walls doors roof and floors Alternatively you can get here by clicking Insulation under EES Strategies Characteristics o The walls of the modified building are steelstud 6 poly as defaulted Change everything else the roof doors and floor to be the same as the Reference Case defaults doors wood roof flat r 19 floor carpeted slab floor type slab on grade and f factor 0 7 Do not click Save as Default because you do not want to make the change permanent o After you have made the changes click OK This allows you to isolate and study the effect of a change of wall insulation only o Back in the EES Strategies Apply screen apply only Insulation to Building One the Reference Case to create a new Low Energy Case To do this click OFF all check boxes except the one next to Insulation o Click Apply o In the warning screen click Yes Now and only now does the APPLY take effect Note the resul
7. ate or click the Calculate icon A new window appears to show which calculations to perform Only Design and System are ready 3 8 Click Cale Now and the simulation will start The calculation will take a few minutes to complete When completed a new window View Results will appear 3 9 Select all the items in the Design Reports and Analysis Reports Click Preview to see the reports Evaluate the information on the reports Evaluation of the Results For Carmel Loadsoft 6 0 students should study the load calculation process results and summarize the key information for the HVAC design They may also modify the inputs and make other assumptions and calculations e g different calculation month and hour range what if scenario to demonstrate their understanding of the following issues e Design cooling and heating loads e Load components and characteristics e Load calculation skills and influence of the assumptions For Energy 10 students should analyse the energy simulation results and interpret the potential of the energy efficient strategies Important issues to be considered and discussed include Characteristics of the annual energy use Utility costs and their breakdown Monthly electric demand peaks HVAC capacities From TRACE 700 students should study and summarize the key information for the followings based on the sample tutorial file e Design cooling load e Design airflow e Design c
8. ble window SHGC types Window Material W3 1 glass single pane half inch clear w draperies Width 1 2 metre Height 1 2 metre e Click the Window and Shading tab and select Window 2 and enter the following Corresponding Wall 2 e Window No Select the window number 1a by pressing the F4 key in the Window No drop down This will list all of the available window SHGC types e Window Material W3 1 glass single pane half inch clear w draperies e Width 1 5 metre e Height 1 2 metre e Inthe Window Shading section select the Internal Shading checkbox then enter the following e Under the Int Shading Glazing System Type select the Blind Shades Single Clear Residential option e Next under the Shading Color Type or Yarn Reflectance select the Shades Opaque Dark option e Forexternal shading enter 0 25 metre for the ext shading horiz depth and vertical depth e For the offsets enter 0 4 metre e Under the Internal Other tab enter the following e Total People 1 e Lighting Wattage 100 W Toggle between Watts M and Total Watts by pressing the F3 key e Equipment Sensible SqM 10 W SqM e Go to the Checks Inputs tab and perform checks to ensure all inputs are correct Then perform a quick calculation to view the load breakdown for the area Step 13 Currently you should have 3 area listed under the system System 1 Let s perform total system load calculations Select the Walk Through 1 proje
9. ct name in the navigation area and then select the Outputs tab Press the Calculate button to begin calculating The panel below the button should display the status After the calculations are complete the report buttons will enable in the Display Reports section Select any of the reports to display them on your computer screen Appendix II Energy 10 Exercise 1 Overview adapted for Hong Kong and SI units o This symbol is your prompt to take an action in ENERGY 10 Goal of this exercise To introduce users to ENERGY 10 and Energy Efficient Strategies EES STEP 1 a Start a New Project Location Weather file Hong Kong China hongkong et1 Utility Rates 1 per kWh for consumption 2 per kW for demand and a fuel cost of 0 1 per kWh of zones 1 Building Use Office HVAC System PTAC with ER Heat packaged air conditioning with electric reheat Floor area 500 sq m of stories 2 Aspect Ratio 1 5 Library NEWLIB STEP 2 o Click OK The Provisional Data screen appears the defaults are used o Rotate your building 30 degrees PO Locate all ducts inside o OK AutoBuild process is completed BD OK STEP 3 a Note the Summary Screen with Reference Case on the Left and Low Energy Case on the right o Click on File pull down menu and select Save Project D At Project Title name the project Exercise 1 name the project directory Exer1 Click on Project Data Sheet button and name Bldg 1 Base C
10. ed to save again in order to save those changes Answer Key Q 1 The correct answer is 957 1 W K for Bldg 1 and 747 3 W K for Bldg 2 Q 2 The heat is electric not fuel since an electric reheat system furnace was selected 11 Appendix III Exercise 2 HVAC Efficiency adapted for Hong Kong and SI units Goal of this Exercise To learn some of the customizable features of HVAC systems STEP 1 Start a New Project Location Weather Hong Kong China hongkong et1 Utility Rates 1 per kWh for consumption 2 per kW for demand and a fuel cost of 0 1 per kWh of zones 1 Building Use Office HVAC System PTAC with ER Heat packaged A C with electric reheat Floor area 1 000 sq m of stories 2 Aspect Ratio 1 5 Library NEWLIB STEP 2 Click OK The Provisional Data screen appears the defaults are used Locate all ducts inside OK AutoBuild process is completed OK STEP 3 Review the Summary Screen the Reference Case should be on the left and the Low Energy Case on the right Click on File pull down menu and select Save Project Name the project Exercise 2 name the project directory Exer2 OK You will be back at the Summary Page STEP 4 Click EES Strategies in the main menu pull down Click Apply Click off all check marks except those next to Economizer Cycle High Efficiency HVAC HVAC Controls and Duct Leakage Click on the box next to each of these and review the contents Apply YES This a
11. etre e Under the Internal Other tab enter the following Total People 1 Lighting Wattage 150 W Miscellaneous Sensible 150 W e Go to the Checks Inputs tab and perform checks to ensure all inputs are correct Then perform a quick calculation to view the load breakdown for the area Step 212 Repeat Steps 9 and 10 above except name the new area Master Bedroom and input the following values e Total Area SqM 20 SqM e Avg Area Height 3 metre e Walll e e e e e e e Wall 2 e e e e e e e Roofl Orientation South Wall CTS No Select wall number 8 by pressing the F4 key in the Wall CTS No drop down This will list all of the available wall CTS types Wall Color Medium Width 4 5 metre Height 3 metre Wall Angle 0 Orientation Northeast Wall CTS No Select wall number 8 by pressing the F4 key in the Wall CTS No drop down This will list all of the available wall CTS types Wall Color Medium Width 4 5 metre Height 3 metre Wall Angle 0 Orientation Flat Roof CTS No Select roof number 9 by pressing the F4 key in the Roof CTS No drop down This will list all of the available roof CTS types Width 3 metre Length 6 metre e Clickthe Window and Shading tab and select Window 1 and enter the following Corresponding Wall 1 Window No Select the window number 1a by pressing the F4 key in the Window No drop down This will list all of the availa
12. llows you to isolate and study the effect of more efficient HVAC STEP 5 Back in the Summary Sheet you may review these changes by going to the Building pull down menu and selecting Bldg2 Click HVAC system or HVAC Controls 12 STEP 6 Click the Save icon Click the Simulate Run icon Click OK to begin an annual simulation When the simulations are complete an Annual Energy Use report will appear it should match the graph below Now find the Average Hourly Energy Use graph that matches the one below Exer5 ANNUAL ENERGY USE IE Reference Case Low Energy Case kWh m Heating Cooling Lights Other Total Exer5 Reference Case 40 Energy kWh Temperature C 50 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average Hourly HVAC Energy Use by Month HE seating BEND Cooling Inside T Outside T ads Appendix IV TRACE 700 Software Interface Project Navigator ras TRACE 700 CACDS TRACE7O00Wrojects T etorialtre tre Bie Eds Acton Yew Qptions L m Temghbws Alemateeletp Window Help wg eerk cQuuiusuvegd am Project Navigator DP A Weather Information La Crosse Witeondin ull Project Tree View o TRACE 700 CACDS TRACE D0 Projocts T atorialtre tre File Edit Actions Yew Options Librones Temphies Altermstives Setup Widow Help i E Cae St be Kee ee oe E TAB TRANE ue e et GE ae o Project Iree View
13. nsin La Crosse Public Schools Company North Central La Crosse Wisconsin 88 75 3 1 1 0 2 0 2 This is a fictitious school United States For Help press F1 154
14. ooling capacity Submission Each student group should prepare a technical report based on the data and information generated and learnt during the exercises The report shall not exceed thirty 30 A4 pages Submitting either printed copy or electronic copy of the report is acceptable and the latter is preferred References ASHRAE 2009 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals 2009 Chapters 14 19 American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers Inc Atlanta Georgia Pedersen C O et al 1998 Cooling and Heating Load Calculation Principles American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers Atlanta GA 697 C77 Spitler J D 2009 Load Calculation Applications Manual American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers Atlanta GA 697 S761 179 Trane Company 2000 Cooling and Heating Load Estimation Trane Company La Crosse Wisconsin 697 93 A29 T02 Wang S K Lavan Z and Norton P 2000 Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering Chapter 6 CRC Press Boca Raton 697 93 W246 a Wickham F ed 1998 Air Conditioning Load Estimation 3rd ed Australian Institute of Refrigeration Air Conditioning and Heating Melbourne Victoria Australia and Institute of Refrigeration Heating Air Conditioning Engineers Auckland New Zealand 697 A64 DA9 Electronic files Carmel Loadsoft 6 0 User Manual Energy 10 Help File i e the User Manual Ge
15. ppear asking you to type in a system name and whether to use the default template Do the following e Type in the following system name System 1 e Unclick the Use default system template and select New System Template from the drop down list e Click Ok to close this form and return to the main input form The new system will appear in the navigation area under the project name Step 7 Leave all the default values for the system except for the following e Change the fan efficiency to 80 e Change the Coil Bypass to 5 e Change the cooling setpoint to 24 degrees C e Change all the safety values to 5 Step 8 Right click over the System 1 system in the navigation area and select Insert New Zone under this System A dialog box will appear asking you to create a zone Type in the name First Floor Step 9 Select the new zone that you have created right click over it and select the Insert New Area under this Zone A form will appear asking you to input an area name and also select an area template to base the new area upon Do the following e Typein the following area name Bedroom No 1 e Unclick the Use default area template and select New Area Template from the drop down list e Click Ok to close this form and return to the main input form The new area will appear in the navigation area under the First Floor zone 4 Step 10 Do the following and input the following values for the Bedroom No
16. ts under Bldg 2 still called Low Energy Case on the Summary Page Question 1 What is the total conduction UA for Building One What is the total conduction UA for Building Two If you have done everything right the two Total Conduction UAs on the Summary Sheet should match the answers in the Answer Key Ascertain that this is the case before proceeding o Click the Save icon o Click the Simulate Run icon At the Simulation screen note that Thermal is checked for both buildings and that the simulation dates are Jan I through Dec 31 o Click OK to begin an annual simulation When the simulations are complete a Annual Energy Cost report will appear o Click on Edit pull down menu and select Copy Then open a MS Word document and Paste the graph onto it Save this document so that you can use the graph for your report o Click on Reports pull down menu from the task bar Select Comparative bar graphs then Utility Costs which will generate a graph for Annual 10 Energy Cost Similarly copy this file to the MS Word document for future use in your report Exer1 ANNUAL ENERGY COST IE Base Case Low Energy Case fuel kWh Demand Total Question 2 Why is the cost for fuel zero STEP 7 a Close graph o Click the Save icon or File Save to save the results Note This is similar to any word processing program You started a document you made changes ran simulation so you ne
17. tting Started TRACE 700 User s Manual TRACE 700 Appendix I Carmel Loadsoft 6 0 Walk through 1 Overview This walk through creates a simple project in the Loadsoft 6 0 software package Please walk through the steps below to gain a basic understanding of the software Details Step 1 Open the Loadsoft program by clicking the appropriate icon on your desktop or from the Windows Start menu Select the Open Project menu option from the File main menu Step 2 Create a new project by pressing the New button and entering a new project name Call it Walk Through 1 The main project input form will open Click Settings to check that SI units are used Step 3 Click the Customer Bldg Info tab and input customer or building information here You can input anything here since it does not affect the load calculations Step 4 Click the Project Info and Conditions tab and select the Average Clearness Cn 1 option for Clearness Conditions input Select the Crushed Rock Default option for the Ground Type input Step 5 Click the Weather Data tab to display the weather data options Select the World option then select Hong Kong as the Country and Hong Kong as the city You will notice that the weather data automatically populates the text boxes to the right Step 6 Right click over the project name in the navigation area to the left Select the Insert New System menu option from the drop down A form will a
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