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1. END RECORD ARTICLE TOPIC TTL AUTHOR AGENCY 796 WPL REQUIRED YES or NO Photography Investigating Documents With Photography John Tyrrell Document Examiner Milwaukee Wisconsin LOCATION N A DATE KEY ABS N A Document Examiner Erasure Indented Handwriting According to the author document photography substantiates investigation evidence The author has used his photography to give important information in many legal cases among them the Leopold Loeb case the Magnussen bomb matter the Lindbergh kidnapping the Allis Chalmers C I O Election Fraud hearing Mr Tyrrell covers photo examination through high magnification decipherment of charred documents and tells of several interesting cases END OF RECORD ARTICLE TOPIC TTL AUTHOR AGENCY 2606 MPH REQUIRED YES or NO Bibliography of Articles Pertaining to the Examination Reconstruction N A LOCATION N A DATE KEY ABS Circa 1979 and Preservation o f Burned and Charred Documents Decipherment Reference List Sources Technical Papers Readings ARTICLE 3371 MPH REQUIRED YES or NO TOPIC TTL Evidence or Ashes FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin June 1964 pp 7 9 23 AUTHOR Federal Bureau of Investigation Law Enforcement Bulle
2. 13 9 PHOTO STYLER KEY SHIFTS COMMANDS KEYS ON LINE HELP F1 UNDO CONTROL Z ZOOM OUT SHIFT Z ZOOM IN PRESS Z AND CLICK MOUSE SHOW ALL COMMAND CTRL SHIFT Z SAVE YOUR FILE CTRL S DISPLAY THE PRACTICE PAD F9 TO SET THE CLONE SOURCE SHIFT MOUSE TO MOVE IMAGE PRESSS AND DRAG THE MOUSE 13 10 HOW TO PRINT THE PHOTOSTYLER IMAGE 13101 CLICK ON THE FILE SELECTION ON THE MENU BAR 13 10 2 SELECT THE PRINT OPTION AND THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION BOX WILL APPEAR Printer Target Device Generic HP LaserJet IIP on LPT1 CMYK Size and Position o EL V Keep Aspect Ratio V Center Horizontally FE Fit to Page 1 00 Unit Inches V Center Vertically Page 4 Pages Printer Marks Title f r Copies 1 _ Landscape Portrait Negative Tile Emulsion Down EMS Output Resolution 300 dpi Printable Area E 0 25 0 25 8 00 10 50 13 13 3 SELECT AND PRINTING WILL START REFERENCES Peterman David Dan Hemenway Janet Williams Kirsten Laine and Sarah Benn ALDUS Photostyler Special Edition User Manual Version 2 0 July 1993 C DOCUMENT PHOTOSTY WPD TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION 1 13 IHAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR IMAGING WITH ALDUS PHOTO STYLER VERSION 2 0 AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA ST
3. GO INTO FILE MANAGER IN WINDOWS SELECT THE C DRIVE FIND THE TYPE DIRECTORY ON THE DIRECTORY TREE UNDER THE TYPE DIRECTORY FIND THE TY BAT FILE DOUBLE CLICK ON IT THIS WILL START THE PROGRAM t C style_h dbf 1 08352 47 style DOUBLE CLICK tbat ON THIS FILE bat cubic dbf C dbt menu dbf mini dbf mod_mono dbf monotone dbf pro_spac dbf restore com data dbf s_data tbk Ds file dbf file dbt D s file ntx Q s file tbk san_serf dbf script dbf L set dbf setup dbf shaded dbf slant dbt bak bat office ofwin40 15 2 LOADING THE TYPE PROGRAM FROM THE DOS 15 3 15 3 15 5 15 2 1 ENTER C 15 2 2 TYPE IN CD TYPE PRESS ENTER 15 2 3 TYPE IN TY BAT PRESS ENTER THIS WILL START THE PROGRAM THE TYPE PROGRAM IS MENU DRIVEN AND BY USING THE UP DOWN ARROWS YOU CAN USE ALL ITS FUNCTIONS 15 3 1 ENTER INFORMATION ABOUT THE QUESTIONED TYPEWRITING 15 3 2 SELECT THE QUERY FUNCTION AND THE PROGRAM WILL GIVE YOU THE POSSIBLE MATCHES EXITING THE PROGRAM 15 3 1 SELECT THE EXIT PROGRAM COMMAND WITH THE LEFT RIGHT ARROWS THEN PRESS ENTER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CAN BE FOUND IN THE ASKSAM TYPEWRITER MANUAL REFERENCES McKinney Jr Ph D Users Guide AskSam the Information Manager 1993 Seaside Software Inc
4. Fu 2 Feda kake Quick Scan Pane Sample Office of Admissions Bells College of Computer Technology 197 Old Post Road Suite 18 Cheshire CA 95116 June 1 1895 Mark Clark 81 Warren St Los Perros CA 95113 Dear Mr Clark It is a great pleasure to inform you that you have been accepted a 1999 at Bells College Ve believe you and your classmates will hi tradition dating back to 1990 of graduating only tne finest in schol continue on to such computer meccas as Silicon Valley Startup Day is September 2 1996 Please bring a battery operated ceremony and set sound levels to zero if you have a sound card information as well as a disk containing software that lets you dial bulletin board Congratulations Member of the Class of 1999 Ve look forward tol student body when you and your classmates arrive in September Sincerely 1 of 1 gt lick AUTO to scan a page and have OmniPage recognize it automatically The Zone window shows the scanned image of the page Note that although you can see the text you cannot select words or letters or edit the text in any way The text window shows the recognized editable text 1 20 4 Double click the word Computer in the text window The Verification window opens to show the image of the word as it was scanned originally Imissions je of Computer Technology ist Road Suite 18 Startup Day Is September Z 1996 Please bring
5. INFRARED gt IN THE DARK DAGE MTI VIDEO 81 IR VIDEO UY FILTER CAMERA WITH SOS UN eee CRIMESCOPE CS 16 LIGHT U V RADIATION SOURCE COPYING ULTRAVIOLET FLUORESCENCE SUBJECT REMOTE FLEXIBLE ARM AND LIGHT GUIDE 12 2 PLACE U V FILTER NO 2A IN THE CAMERA S FILTER HOLDER 12 3 TURN ON THE U V LIGHTS OR USE THE LIGHT GUIDE FROM THE CRIMESCOPE CS 16 LIGHT SOURCE 12 4 USING THE IBIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE ON 486 COMPUTER WITH AT LEAST 16 MB OF RAM ACQUIRE THIS IMAGE DIGITALLY ON CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE YOU WILL NEED TO ADJUST THE LENS OPENING IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE GOOD DENSITY WE NORMALLY USE A NIKON 35MM 55MM 105 MACRO LENS 12 4 1 LENS SELECTIONS RELATES TO THE SIZE OF THE QUESTIONED DOCUMENT 35 81 2 INCHES X INCHES OR CHECK 55 ENDORSEMENT SIGNATURE 105MM JUST ONE NAME OR SEVERAL LETTERS Acquire 12 5 BELOW IS THE ACQUIRE MENU FROM THE IBIS Continuous Acquire Single Acquire PROGRAM CLICK ON Seiad nakupa CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE Gate Video Input Clear Screen Acquire with Filter MANY TIMES IF THE IMAGE IS FAINT THE GATE VIDEO INPUT OPTION IS USED SET AT 2 OR 3 TO START WITH THIS PROCEDURE WILL INCREASE THE DENSITY OF THE IMAGE 12 6 USE THE CONTRAST MENU TO CHANGE THE CONTRAST OR BRIGHTNESS IN THE IMAGE Contrast lide and Stretch Auto Fit Inverse Equalizatio Binarize 12 6 1 SLIDE AND STRETCH WITH THIS SELECTION A SLI
6. AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION k SIGNED TITLE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION 2 INFRARED LUMINESCENCE IMAGING Revised January 2002 This type of imaging is used by the Questioned Documents Section to show the differences in inks which normally appear the same The exposing of the questioned document to ultraviolet radiation 400nm to 600nm from the crimescope CS 16 will cause the specimen many times to emit radiation in the red and infrared 600nm to 1200nm part of the spectrum One of four basic phenomena can be observed occurring with the document using this technique The document may be observed reflecting the energy lighten absorbing the energy darken transmitting the energy disappear or converting the energy to a longer wavelength luminesce As in infrared imaging use is made of the invisible infrared rays as distinguished from the visible rays of the spectrum A special filter 780nm or a Kodak Wratten 87 is placed in front of the DAGE MTI infrared video camera lens to exclude the visible rays and allow only the infrared rays to reach the camera tube This leaves a clear reproduction of the inks luminescence in the red and infrared part of the spectrum This type of imaging must be carried out in an area designed for this activity where one can control the type and intensity of lighting and have complete darkness The
7. INFRARED FIBER OPTIC BUNDLE 1 SUBJECT COPYING INFRARED REFLECTANCE 12 PLACE 780mn FILTER IN THE CAMERA S FILTER HOLDER OTHER FILTERS TO TRY ARE 665nm 695nm 780nm 850nm AND 1000nm OR A KODAK WRATTEN 87 13 TURN ON THE COPY LIGHTS OR USE THE INFRARED LIGHT GUIDE FROM THE CRIMESCOPE CS 16 LIGHT SOURCE 1 4 USING THE IBIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE ON A 486 COMPUTER WITH AT LEAST 16 MB OF RAM ACQUIRE THIS IMAGE DIGITALLY ON CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE ADJUST THE LENS OPENING IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE GOOD DENSITY USE A NIKON 35MM 55MM OR A 105MM MACRO LENS 1 4 1 LENS SELECTIONS RELATES TO THE SIZE OF THE QUESTIONED DOCUMENT 35MM 81 2 INCHES X 11 INCHES OR A CHECK 55MM AN ENDORSEMENT OR SIGNATURE 105MM JUST ONE NAME OR SEVERAL LETTERS 1 5 BELOW IS THE ACQUIRE MENU FROM THE IBIS PROGRAM CLICK ON CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE Acquire Continuous Acquire Single Acquire MANY TIMES IF THE IMAGE Select Camera IS FAINT THE GATE VIDEO Pius Mu Input INPUT OPTION IS USED SET AT 2 OR 3 TO START WITH THIS PROCEDURE WILL INCREASE THE DENSITY OF THE IMAGE Acquire with Filter 1 7 Contrast lide and Stretch 1 6 NEXT USE THE CONTRAST Auto Fit MENU TO CHANGE THE Inverse CONTRAST OR BRIGHTNESS Equalizatio Binarize IN THE IMAGE 1 6 1 SLIDE AND STRETCH WITH THIS SELECTION A SLIDER BAR IS ACTIVATED DISPLAYING VALUES OF 0 5 TO 3 0 UNITS OF DENSITY BY MOVING THE MOUSE THE DENSITY CAN BE PROPERLY ADJUSTE
8. S A Survey of Toy Typewriters 1961 Journal of Forensic Sciences jVol 8 No 2 Apr 63 Hilton 0 A Systematic Method for Identifying the Make and Age Model of a Typewriter From Its Work Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Criminology Vol 41 No 5 Jan 51 Crown D Class Characteristics of Foreign Typewriters Typefaces Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 59 No 2 Jun 68 Newbrough W L A Number of Preliminary Observations of Class Characters to Assist in Typewriter Classification unpublished technical paper Crwon D A The Differentiation of Pica Monotone Typewriting Journal of Police Science and Administration Vol 4 No 2 1976 Martin C A Comparison of Xerox 800 Electronic Typing System Type Styles With Existing Type Styles o Other Manufacturers unpublished technical paper Dixon K Most Easily Recognized Characteristics Differentiating IBM Special Typefonts from Copies unpublished technical paper EE Godown L Classifying Indexing and Searching Typewriter Specimen Tiles Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 8 No 1 Jan 69 Hodgins J H A Punchcard System for Identification of Tvpescript Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 8 No 1 Jan 63 Mathyer J Problem of the Identification of Typewriter Makes and Models Forensic Science Vokt bL 19784 ff 78 REFERENCES FOR LESSON 42 TYPEWRITER AND TYPESCRIPT
9. 2 Similarity l 5 V Anti aliasing Sample Hm CLICK ON THE TITLE BAR OF THE FILE YOU ARE WORKING ON CLICK ON THE BACKGROUND COLOR IT HELPS TO HAVE SOLID COLOR SO YOU MAY HAVE TO ERASE OR USE CUT AND PASTE TO DO THIS 13 7 11 IF YOU CANNOT GET A SOLID COLOR BACKGROUND USE THE FREE SELECT TOOL TO TRACE YOUR SUBJECT THE BACKGROUND IS NOW SELECTED CLICK THE INVERT BUTTON ON THE TOOL PALETTE TO ISOLATE YOUR SUBJECT THE BLACK AND WHITE ONE YOUR SUBJECT IS NOW SELECTED 13 7 12 PLACE THE CURSOR ON THE SUBJECT AND IT WILL TURN INTO A FOUR HEADED ARROW YOU CAN NOW CLICK AND DRAG THE SUBJECT INTO THE NEW IMAGE WINDOW WILL APPEAR AS SMALL WHITE BOX 13 7 13 RELEASE THE MOUSE BUTTON 13 7 17 YOU CAN CLICK AND DRAG THE SUBJECT IN THE IMAGE WINDOW TO POSITION IT 13 7 18 WHEN YOUR ARE IN THE DESIRED POSITION CLICK THE RIGHT MOUSE BUTTON TO MERGE THE SELECTION WITH THE UNDERLYING IMAGE 13 8 SURE TO SAVE YOU NEW FILE HOW TO SAVE A FILE 13 8 1 CLICK ON FILE ON THE MENU BAR 13 8 2 FOR A COMPLETELY NEW FILE SELECT SAVE AS 13 8 3 TO UP DATE AN OLD FILE SELECT SAVE 13 8 4 A FILE MANAGEMENT SCREEN WILL NOW APPEAR 13 8 5 SELECT THE DIRECTORY YOU WANT TO STORE THE IMAGE IN 13 8 6 GIVE THE FILE A NAME AND SELECT THE FILE TYPE 13 8 7 CLICK ON SAVE Save Image File File Directories c document document EZ List Files of Type Drives es
10. I HAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR TYPE WRITTEN AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU I STIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED Dart DATED Lf 2C DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE OF THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY MY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION K SIGNED TITLE Procedure Section 3 Page 1 PROCEDURE FOR THE EXAMINATION OF TYPEWRITER RIBBONS CORRECTION TAPES AND FIBER IMPRESSIONS Ribbons 1 The ribbon and lift off correction tape when present are removed from the machine The ribbon is studied using natural light or a light box initially The text on the ribbon is examined microscopically to learn the typestlye design size and to note the appearance of any flaws The type of ribbon is determined by visual observation acetate non acetate or if necessary by infrared analysis refer to appropriate section of this manual If the text is consistent with the Questioned typescript then the area of the ribbon containing the Questioned typing is located and read This is then compared with the Questioned text to see if it was or could have been produced using this ribbon Fiber Impression 2 Non fabric ribbons when striking the paper can be impressed with i
11. Instructions W Germany c document comp wpd TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION 1 8 IHAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR_USING THE LEITZ COMPARISON MACRO SCOPE FOR IMAGING AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED DATED DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION K SIGNED TITLE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION I 9 THE CRIMESCOPE CS 16 The Crimescope CS 16 is tunable forensic light source using a high intensity xenon lamp This type of light source is used by the Questioned Documents Section for infrared reflectance infrared luminescence and ultraviolet reflectance and fluorescent imaging In infrared reflectance obscuring matter such as bank stamps white out or any other obliterating writing of any sort is removed when the substance is transparent to infrared light DAGE MTI INFRARED VIDEO CAMERA 780nm FILTER ABSORBS VISIBLE RADIATION CRIMESCOPE TRANSMITS I R C5 16 INFRARED AND VISIBLE RADIATION FIBER BUNDLE COPYING INFRARED REFLECTANCE In infrared lumine
12. No 2 April 1981 pp 319 324 Kodak s Applied Infrared Photography Publication M 28 1972 edition pp 51 57 Kodak s Kodak Infrared Films Publication N 17 1981 edition pp 2 7 Sanders Robert C Questioned Documents Photography Techniques The Evidence Photographer s International Council s Workshop Atlanta Ga April 13 thru 15 1980 pp 1 29 Young W Arthur Thomas A Benson George T Eaton Kodak s Copying and Duplication in Black and White and Color Publication M 1 1984 pp 50 53 C document ccd wpd TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION 1 17 IHAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE INFRARED REFLECTANCE IMAGING USING THE DAGE MTI CCD72 COOLED CAMERA AND THE VARISPEC FILTER SYSTEM AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED 4 Den DATED Cs 7 4 J DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE OF THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY MY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION K SIGNED TITLE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION 18 USING THE WILD 78 STEREO MICROSCOPE FOR IMAGING WITH THE MTI VE 1000 HIGH RES CAMERA This type of imaging i
13. Perry Florida C DOCUMENT ASKSAM1 WPD TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION 1 15 I HAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE ASK SAM TYPE STYLE CLASSIFICATION PROGRAM AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED DATED DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION K SIGNED TITLE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION 17 1 INFRARED REFLECTANCE IMAGING USING THE DAGE MTI CCD72 COOLED CAMERA AND THE VARISPEC FILTER SYSTEM This type of imaging is used by the Questioned Documents Section to remove obscuring matter such as bank stamps white out obliterated writing of any sort when the ink is transparent to infrared light By exposing the questioned document to infrared radiation quartz lights photo floods crimescope CS 16 we can remove this obscuring matter In infrared imaging use is made of the invisible infrared rays as distinguished from the visible rays of the spectrum A special filter 780nm or a Kodak Wratten 87 is placed in front of the DAGE MTI infrared video camera lens to exclude the visible rays and allow
14. Use the Latent Pro 2 2 software package under the Continuous Acquire setting 2 6 1 Double click on the Latent Pro Graphic User Interface 2 6 2 Click on File Acquire Camera 2 6 3 Click on Configure Customize Imascan configuration Triggered Grab Setup 2 6 4 Select Channel Association NTSC CV1 Enter OK 2 6 5 Reset path OK Imascan configuration 2 6 6 To bring in the Video feed use the forward button 2 6 7 To acquire or Freeze the image use the Red button 2 6 8 Save this image File Save as a Tiff file in the New Images Directory 2 7 Then import this Tiff file into Adobe Photo Shop 5 5 soft ware 2 7 1 Click on the Photo Shop graphics user interface 2 7 2 Open the Tiff file under the New Images directory 2 7 3 2 7 4 2 7 5 2 7 6 27 7 2 8 1 2 8 2 2 8 3 2 8 4 Click on the Image toolbar Adjust Brightness and Contrast and Color Balance Click on the Filter toolbar Sharpen Unsharp mask Click on the Image toolbar Size to adjust the print size Save this final image under the File toolbar In order to print this image go to the File toolbar Print Setup Select the Kodak DS 8650PS color printer Select either a Portrait or Landscape shaped print Be sure that the Postscript Color Management box is checked Print the image REFERENCES Barnes David Document Processing System User s Manual IBIS Imaging Systems Hilton Ordway New
15. 7 USE THE CONTRAST MENU TO CHANGE THE CONTRAST OR BRIGHTNESS IN THE IMAGE Contrast lide and Stretch Auto Fit Inverse Equalizatio Binarize 7 7 1 SLIDE AND STRETCH WITH THIS SELECTION A SLIDER BAR IS ACTIVATED DISPLAYING VALUES OF 0 5 TO 3 0 UNITS OF DENSITY BY MOVING THE MOUSE CLICK ON THE LEFT MOUSE BUTTON WHEN OPTIMUM DENSITY IS OBTAINED 7 7 2 AUTOMATICALLY SELECTED WHAT THE COMPUTER FEELS IS THE CORRECT CONTRAST 7 7 3 INVERSE PRODUCES AN IMAGE WHICH IS A NEGATIVE IMAGE 7 8 SELECT THE SHARPEN OPTION AND CLICK ONCE USING THE LEFT BUTTON ON THE MOUSE Sharpen Hi Pass Filter Edge Detect Median Lo Pass Filter Erode Dilate Select Convolved Kernel Kernel Parameters 7 9 FILTERING CAN BE USED TO SHARPEN OR BLUR AN IMAGE TO ENHANCE HIGH FREQUENCY DETAILS TO DETECT EDGES OR TO LIGHTEN OR DARKEN AN OVERALL IMAGE BY EXPANDING LIGHT OR DARK AREAS 7 8 1 TO SHARPEN AN IMAGE USE THE HI PASS OR SHARPEN FILTERING OPTIONS 7 8 2 TO BLUR AN IMAGE USE THE LO PASS OR MEDIAN FILTERING OPTIONS 7 8 3 DETECT OR ENHANCE EDGES IN AN IMAGE SELECT THE SOBEL PHASE OR HORIZONTAL VERTICAL LAPLACIAN AND ROBERS FILTERS AS SUBMENU CHOICES SELECT THE ANNOTATE OPTION Annotate Enter Text EEE WITH THIS YOU CAN ENTER TEXT AND CASE NO ON YOUR IMAGE 7 10 NEXT WE SAVE THE IMAGE TO A COMPUTER FILE BY SELECTING FILE FUNCTION File Functions Restore Image File
16. A Cantu A H Lyter Publication J Foren Sci vol 22 no 4 Oct 1977 pp Keywords typerwriter typewriter ribbons inks thin layer chromatography TLC Number 121 Chromatography 807 814 NN a gt Sel p GERE Sek the RAW 1 Ribbon Analysis Workstation Author R K Hunton J P Puckett Publication J Foren Sci Vol 39 no 1 Jan 1994 pp 21 27 Keywords typerwriter typewriter ribbons Number 126 o w k x L Subject Typewriters Title Carbon Film Ribbon Fiber Impressions and Fracture Matches A Comparison and Contrast of Methods Author Mary Ann Wolfe Publication SAFDE May 1995 Keywords Typewriter ribbon fiber Microscope NUMBER 176 TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION 3 I HAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR TYPEWRITER RIBBONS CORRECTION TAPES AND FIBER IMPRESSIONS AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED py DATED DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT TN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE OF THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY MY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION K SIGNED TITLE Control Standard Section 4 CONTROL STANDARD FOR
17. Ball Pens b the Burr Striations Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 61 No 2 1970 Hilton Nemecek Alford o Es J Characteristics of the Ball Point and Its Influence the Pali roin KEN ANG ume EEE on Handwriting Identification Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 47 No 5 Jan 57 Ball Point Pen Oddities unpublished technical paper Liquid Lead Pencils 1 Jan 61 47 Identification News Vol 11 No Polk D E Attard E and Giessen B C Forensic Cha pas es of Papers Determination of Batch Dif Differences by Scanning Electron Microscopi Microscopic Elemental Analysis of of the Inorganic Components Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 22 No 3 Jul 77 Verma N 5 Prasad K and Misra G J Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Fibre Tip Pen Inks Forensic Science International Vol 13 1979 Nakamura G R and Shimoda S C Examination of Micro Quantity of Ball Point Inks From Documents by Thin Layer Chromatography Journal of Criminal Lav Criminology and Police Science Vol 56 No 1 Mar 65 Godown L Typewriting Impressions Testing and Differentiation by Chromatographic Absorption Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 3 No 4 Oct 58 Doud D Chromatographic Analysis of Inks Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 3 No 4 Oct 58 Thollg4 AJ Thin Layer Chromat
18. Behrendt N A LOCATION ASQDE North Lake Tahoe Nevada DATE KEY ABS 1983 Microspectrophotometer Non Destructive Examination Inks Ribbons Procedures for the use of the microspectrophotometer for the differentiation of writing inks have already been established this paper will deal with the use of the microspectrophotometer for the non destructive diferentiation of typewriter ribbon inks by transmitted light There are several advantages to this technique it s nondestructive a high degree of sensitivity the time required ranges from fifteen to thirty minutes depending on rate of scan END RECORD ARTICLE mm TTL AUTHOR AGENCY 619 MPH REQUIRED YES or NO Typewriter Ribbon Transcription The Application of a Magnaprint Micrographic Reader Printer to the Examination of Carbon Film Ribbons Fary L Lee United States Army CID Fort Gillem Georgia LOCATION ASQDE Nashville Tennessee SAFS Gulf Shores Alabama DATE KEY ABS May 1984 Application Magnaprint Reader Ribbon Carbon Film Typewriter Using a micrographic reader reader printer allows an examiner to scan and read a carbon ribbon effectively and rapidly The results can be printed by the reader printer or photographed from the screen providing a hard copy for illustration The development and application of this technique is the subject
19. CONTRAST 11 6 3 INVERSE PRODUCES AN IMAGE WHICH IS A NEGATIVE IMAGE 11 7 NEXT SELECT THE SHARPEN OPTION JUST ONE CLICK ON SHARPEN IS SUFFICIENT Sharpen Hi Pass Filter Edge Detect Median Lo Pass Filter Frode Dilate Select Convolved Kernel Kernel Parameters FILTERING CAN BE USED TO SHARPEN OR BLUR AN IMAGE TO ENHANCE HIGH FREQUENCY DETAILS TO DETECT EDGES OR TO LIGHTEN OR DARKEN AN OVERALL IMAGE BY EXPANDING LIGHT OR DARK AREAS 11 7 1 TO SHARPEN AN IMAGE USE THE HI PASS OR SHARPEN FILTERING OPTIONS 11 7 2 BLUR AN IMAGE USE THE LO PASS OR MEDIAN FILTERING OPTIONS 11 7 3 TO DETECT OR ENHANCE EDGES IN AN IMAGE SELECT THE SOBEL PHASE OR HORIZONTAL VERTICAL LAPLACIAN AND ROBERS FILTERS AS SUBMENU CHOICES 11 8 SELECT THE ANNOTATE OPTION Annotate Enter Text p 1 WITH THIS YOU CAN ENTER TEXT AND CASE NO ON YOUR IMAGE 11 9 SAVE THE IMAGE TO A COMPUTER FILE BY SELECTING FILE FUNCTION 11 9 1 FROM THIS MENU ALL YOUR FILE FUNCTIONS ARE ACCESSIBLE File Functions Restore Image File Save Image File Delete Image Fue Image Directory Printrak Save SAVE A FILE PULL UP A FILE FROM MEMORY OR DELETE AN IMAGE FILE 11 10 PRINT THE IMAGE BY SELECTING THE PRINT OPTION Print Parameters Number of Prints 1 Size of Prints Medium Orientation Portrait Text Size Small Comment c document uv wpd D REFERENCES Barnes David Document
20. DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION K SIGNED TITLE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION L7 USING THE WILD 78 STEREO MICROSCOPE FOR IMAGING This type of imaging is used by the Questioned Documents Section to see magnification of the details on documents not visible to the eye This allows the examiner to see toner beads from photocopying indentions from indented writing and if paper fibers have been disturbed The Wild 78 is a modern steromicroscope which through innovation in design and technology allows the examiner to see many of the details not visible to the naked eye Imaging is accomplished by attaching a color Panasonic Digital 5000 video camera to the Wild MZ8 and acquiring the image digitized with our Ibis software and the Ibis 486 computer system This type of imaging must be carried out in an area designed for this activity where one can control the type and intensity of lighting The type of lighting normally used is a ring light or fiber optics light tubes The following steps are used to produce images from the Wild MZ8 7 1 PLACE THE QUESTIONED DOCUMENT UNDER THE MICROSCOPE STAGE 7 2 TURN ON THE PANASONIC DIGITAL 5000 VID
21. Dimensions in Infrared Luminescence Photography Journal of Forensics Sciences JFSCA Vol 26 No 2 April 1981 pp 319 324 Kodak s Applied Infrared Photography Publication M 28 1972 edition 51 57 Kodak s Kodak Infrared Films Publication N 17 1981 edition pp 2 7 Sanders Robert Questioned Documents Photoeraphy Techniques The Evidence Photographer s International Council s Workshop Atlanta Ga April 13 thru 15 1980 1 29 Young W Arthur Thomas Benson George Eaton Kodak s Copying and Duplication Black and White and Color Publication 1 1984 50 53 c myfiles project1 2001 irlum wpd TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION 1 2 IHAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR INFRARED LUMENESCENCE IMAGING AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED DATED DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION k SIGNED TITLE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION CHARRED DOCUMENTS IMAGING Revised January 2002 This type of imaging is used b
22. Examinations Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 21 No 4 Oct 76 Veillon P Rothenbuehler 0 and Mathyer J Some Remarks on the Optical Examination of Inks International Criminal Police Review No 262 Nov 72 Hilton 0 Non Destructive Tests for Field Examination of Writing Inks and Pens Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal Vol 12 No 2 1979 Brunell R L and Pro M J A Systematic Approach to Ink Identification Journal of the Association of Analytical Chemists Vol 55 No 4 1972 50 3 Flynn W J Papermate s New Erasable Ink Identification News Vol 29 No 11 Nov 79 Souder W Composition Properties and Behavior of Ball Pens and inks Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 45 No 6 Mar 55 Packard R J Selective Wavelength Examination A lied to Ink Differentiation Problems Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 9 No 1 Jan 64 Chowdhry R Gupta S K and Bami H L Ink Differentiation with Infrared Techniques Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 18 No 4 Oct 73 i Dick R M A Comparative Analysis of Didhroic Filter Viewing Reflected Infrared and Infrared Luminescence A lied to Ink Differentiation Problems Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 15 No 3 Jul 70 Fryd C F M The Examination of Inks on Documents Medicine Science and the Law Vol 14 No 2 Apr 74 51 REFERENCES FOR LESSON 56 METHODS OF CHEMICAL AND ELEMENTAL
23. IDENTIFICATION BOOKS Osborn A S and Osborn D Questioned Document Problems Chapters 18 19 and 20 Osborn 5 Questioned Documents Chapter 32 Je J V P Evidential Documents Chapter Typewriting Osborn A S Problem of Proof Chapter 25 Harrison W R Documents biu 8 pp 252 268 and 282 286 Hilton O Scientific Examination of Documents Chapter 11 pp 184 196 and 199 201 Lundquist F Methods of Forensic S Science Chapter Identification of a Typewriter r by Defects of Stroke Harrison W R Forgery Detection paragraphs 11 1 thru 11 3 and 11 19 thru 11 47 TECHNICAL ARTICLES Gayet The Imdividual Identification of Typewriting Machines Tnternational Criminal Police Reviev Patel P H Identification of Typewritten Documents Identification News Vol 29 No 11 Nov 79 Godown L A Note on Identifying Typewriting Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 53 No l Mar 62 Hilton The Influence of Variation on Typewriting Identification Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 50 No 4 Nov 59 Hilton O Problems the Identification of Proportional Spacing Typewriting Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 3 2 Jul 57 Hilton 0 Identification of Typewriting Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 48 No 2 Jul 57 79 Nemecek J Gayet J Hilton
24. KNOB IS COARSE FOCUSING SMALLER KNOB IS THE FINE FOCUSING 4 SECURING SCREW HOLDS THE OPTICS CARRIER IN MICROSCOPE CARRIER 5 SECURING SCREW HOLDS THE BINOCULAR TUBE TO THE OPTICS CARRIER 6 1 0X PLANO OBJECTIVE 7 ADJUSTABLE EYEPIECE TUBES INTERPUPILLARY DISTANCE IS ADJUSTABLE 8 WIDE ANGLE EYEPIECES FOR SPECTACLE WEARERS 9 SECURING SCREWS WHICH HOLD THE EYEPIECES IN THE BINOCULAR TUBE 10 INCIDENT LIGHT BASE 11 STAGE PLATE 12 SIDE FACED COLUMN WITH FOCUSING DRIVE HOUSING 18 4 2 ZOOM IN ON THE SUBJECT USING 1 18 4 3 FOCUS ON THE SUBJECT USING 3 USING THE IBIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE ON A 486 COMPUTER WITH AT LEAST 16 MB OF RAM ACQUIRE THIS IMAGE DIGITALLY ON CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE 18 5 1 UNDER THE SELECT CAMERA OPTION SELECT THE RS 170 18 6 BELOW IS THE ACQUIRE MENU FROM THE IBIS PROGRAM CLICK ON CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE Acquire Continuous Acquire Single Acquire Select Camera Gate Video Input Clear Screen Acquire with Filter MANY TIMES IF THE IMAGE IS FAINT THE GATE VIDEO INPUT OPTION IS USED SET AT 2 OR 3 TO START WITH THIS PROCEDURE WILL INCREASE THE DENSITY OF THE IMAGE 18 7 USE THE CONTRAST MENU TO CHANGE THE CONTRAST OR BRIGHTNESS IN THE IMAGE Contrast lide and Stretch Auto Fit Inverse Equalizatio Binarize 18 7 1 SLIDE AND STRETCH WITH THIS SELECTION SLIDER BAR ISACTIVATED DISPLAYING VALUES OF 0 5 TO 3 0 UNITS OF DENSITY BY MOVING THE MOUSE CLICK ON THE
25. LEFT MOUSE BUTTON WHEN OPTIMUM DENSITY IS OBTAINED 18 7 2 AUTO FIT AUTOMATICALLY SELECTED WHAT THE COMPUTER FEELS IS THE CORRECT CONTRAST 18 7 3 INVERSE PRODUCES AN IMAGE WHICH IS A NEGATIVE IMAGE 18 7 4 SELECT THE SHARPEN OPTION AND CLICK ONCE USING THE LEFT BUTTON ON THE MOUSE Sharpen Hi Pass Filter Edge Detect Median Lo Pass Filter Erode Dilate Select Convolved Kernel Kernel Parameters FILTERING CAN BE USED TO SHARPEN OR BLUR AN IMAGE TO ENHANCE HIGH FREQUENCY DETAILS TO DETECT EDGES OR TO LIGHTEN OR DARKEN AN OVERALL IMAGE BY EXPANDING LIGHT OR DARK AREAS 18 8 1 TO SHARPEN AN IMAGE USE THE HI PASS OR SHARPEN FILTERING OPTIONS 18 8 2 TO BLUR AN IMAGE USE THE LO PASS OR MEDIAN FILTERIN OPTIONS 18 8 3 TO DETECT OR ENHANCE EDGES IN AN IMAGE SELECT THE SOBEL PHASE OR HORIZONTAL VERTICAL LAPLACIAN AND ROBERS FILTERS AS SUBMENU CHOICES 18 9 SELECT THE ANNOTATE OPTION 18 10 18 10 1 Annotate Enter Text C WITH THIS YOU CAN ENTER TEXT AND CASE NO ON YOUR IMAGE NEXT WE SAVE THE IMAGE TO A COMPUTER FILE BY SELECTING FILE FUNCTION File Functions Restore Image File Save Image File Delete Image Fue Image Directory Printrak Save FROM THIS MENU PERFORM ALL FILE FUNCTIONS SAVE A FILE PULL UP A FILE FROM MEMORY OR DELETE AN IMAGE FILE 18 11 PRINT THE IMAGE BY SELECTING THE PRINT OPTION Print Parameters Number of Prints 1 Size of Prints Medi
26. O Osborn P A Levinson Hilton O Levinson J Hilton O Hilton O Caponi I Hilton 0 Swett G G Hilton 0 Caywood D McCarthy J F 3 A Deep Look Into Typewriter Alignment Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 10 No 1 Jan 65 Efforts at Disguise in Typewritten Documents Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 46 No 6 Mar 56 The Effect of Interchanging Segments Between Two Typewriters A Unique Criminal Defense Defeated Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 19 No 4 Oct 74 lainable Differences Revealed by Supplementary Typewriting Standards Journal of Police Science and Administration Vol 5 No 4 1977 Single El ment Typewriters Forensic Science Internati nal Vol 13 1979 What s New in Single Element Typewriters unpublished technical paper The Interchangeability of Single Element Fonts Forensic Science Vol 10 1977 Identification of the Work from Selectric Typewriter Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 7 No 3 Jul 62 Identification of Work from a Selectric IL Typewriter ne M em TE A me Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 18 No 3 Jul 73 Typewriting with a Defective Selectric Type Element unpublished technical paper Some Practical Suggestions for Examining Writing from the Selectric Typewriter Journal of Police Science and Administration Vol 3 No 1 197
27. PRINT OPTION Print Parameters Number of Prints 1 Size of Prints Medium Orientation Portrait Text Size Small Comment 3 c document uvlum wpd REFERENCES Barnes David Document Processing System User s Manual IBIS Imaging Systems Hilton Ordway New Dimensions in Infrared Luminescence Photography Journal of Forensics Sciences JFSCA Vol 26 No 2 April 1981 pp 319 324 Kodak s Applied Infrared Photography Publication M 28 1972 edition pp 51 57 Kodak s Kodak Infrared Films Publication N 17 1981 edition pp 2 7 Media Cybernetics Image Pro Plus Image Processing System Version 2 0 1992 Sanders Robert C Questioned Documents Photography Techniques The Evidence Photographer s International Council s Workshop Atlanta Ga April 13 thru 15 1980 pp 1 29 Young W Arthur Thomas A Benson George T Eaton Kodak s Copying and Duplication in Black and White and Color Publication M 1 1984 pp 50 53 TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION 1 12 IHAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR ULTRAVIOLET LUMINESCENCE IMAGING AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED DATED DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFF
28. PRINT OPTION REFERENCES Barnes David Document Processing System User s Manual IBIS Imaging Systems Hilton Ordway New Dimensions in Infrared Luminescence Photography Journal of Forensics Sciences JFSCA Vol 26 No 2 April 1981 pp 319 324 Print Parameters Number of Prints 1 Size of Prints Medium Orientation Portrait Text Size Small Comment 1 Infrared Films Publication N 17 1981 edition 2 7 Kodak s Applied Infrared Photography Publication 28 1972 edition pp 51 57 Kodak s Kodak Sanders Robert Questioned Documents Photoeraphy Techniques The Evidence Photographer s International Council s Workshop Atlanta Ga April 13 thru 15 1980 pp 1 29 Young W Arthur Thomas A Benson George T Eaton Kodak s Copying and Duplication in Black and White and Color Publication M 1 1984 pp 50 53 c document ir2 wpd TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION IHAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR INFRARED REFLECTANCE IMAGING AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED DATED DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY
29. Processing System User s Manual IBIS Imaging Systems Hilton Ordway New Dimensions in Infrared Luminescence Photography Journal of Forensics Sciences JFSCA Vol 26 No 2 April 1981 pp 319 324 Kodak s Applied Infrared Photography Publication M 28 1972 edition pp 51 57 Kodak s Kodak Infrared Films Publication N 17 1981 edition pp 2 7 Media Cybernetics Image Pro Plus Image Processing System Version 2 0 1992 Sanders Robert C Questioned Documents Photography Techniques The Evidence Photographer s International Council s Workshop Atlanta Ga April 13 thru 15 1980 pp 1 29 Young W Arthur Thomas A Benson George T Eaton Kodak s Copying and Duplication in Black and White and Color Publication M 1 1984 pp 50 53 TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION IHAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR ULTRAVIOLET REFLECTANCE IMAGING AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED DATED DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION k SIGNE
30. Save Image File Delete Image Fue Image Directory Printrak Save 7 10 1 FROM THIS MENU PERFORM ALL FILE FUNCTIONS SAVE A FILE PULL UP A FILE FROM MEMORY OR DELETE AN IMAGE FILE 7 11 PRINT THE IMAGE BY SELECTING THE PRINT OPTION Print Parameters Number of Prints 1 Size of Prints Medium Orientation Portrait Text Size Small Comment c document mz8 wpd REFERENCES Barnes David Document Processing System User s Manual IBIS Imaging Systems Delly John Grutav Photography Through the Microscope Kodak publication No P 2 1980 Wild Leica s Wild MZ 8 User Manual Switzerland 1994 ECHNI PROCED MA LA RITY ENDORSE SECTION 17 IHAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR USING THE WILD M TEREO MICROSCOPE FOR IMAGING AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC CR MY SUPERVISION SIGNED Dad DATED 2 7 DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECH AL PR DURE TE ATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE OF THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY MY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER SECTION K SIGNED TITLE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION LS USING THE LEITZ COMPARISON MACRO SCOPE FOR IMAGING This type of imaging is used by the Questioned Docum
31. Society Vol 2 No 19 1979 Kelly J H and Morton S E How Many Forgeries Journal of Police Science and Administration Vol 2 No 2 1978 Mathyer J The Expert Examination of Signatures Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 52 No 1 Mayj Jun 61 B Walters and Flynn The Illusion of Traced Forgery on Zinc Oxide Coated Photocopy Paper Journal of Police Science and Administration Vol 2 No 4 1974 Stanghor G R Examination of Simulated Writing unpublished technical paper I Chang R W Importance of Microscopic Characteristics Signature Identification unpublished technical paper 64 x REFERENCES FOR LESSON 28 SPECIAL MARKS AND SIGNATURES ERT a EAL MARKS AND SIGNATURES BOOKS Osborn S Questioned Documents Chapter 18 Conway J V P Evidential Documents Chapter Miscellaneous Document Problems pp 195 197 Hilton O Scientific Examination of Documents Chapter 7 pp 133 134 and Chapter 9 pp 170 171 and 175 177 g TECHNICAL ARTICLES Foley B G Kelly J H Guided Hand Si nature Research Journal of Police Science and Administration Vol 5 No 2 1977 Ruenes R F Guided Hand Signature and Forgery unpublished technical paper i Mathyer J Handwriting and Signatures Made by Guided Hand unpublished technical paper McNally J P The Guider is the Writer unpublished technical paper 15
32. THE IMAGE MIRROR THIS WILL GIVE YOU A MIRROR IMAGE SUBTRACTION SUBTRACT THE BACKGROUND OF AN IMAGE CORRECT FOR NONUNIFORM LIGHTING AVERAGE AVERAGE THE CONTENTS OF TWO OR MORE IMAGES Analysis Line Profile Area Histogram FFT 14 7 ANALYSIS IS THE NEXT MENU THESE OPERATIONS ALLOW THE 14 7 1 14 7 2 GATHERING OF DATA THAT DESCRIBE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IMAGE THEN THE GATHERED DATA CAN BE USED TO DEVELOP STRATEGIES FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS USING IMAGE MANIPULATION LINE PROFILE ANALYSIS IS MATHEMATICAL PLOT THAT DESCRIBES THE INDEX VALUE OF EACH PIXEL ALONG A LINE THIS IS DISPLAYED AS A TWO DIMENSIONAL GRAPH HISTOGRAM ANALYSIS IS MATHEMATICAL CURVE THAT DESCRIBES THE DYNAMIC RANGE AND CONTRAST IN AN IMAGE 14 7 3 14 7 4 14 7 4 1 14 7 4 2 14 7 4 3 effects 14 7 4 4 14 7 4 5 14 8 FFT FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM MENU IS USED TO TRANSLATE AN IMAGE FROM A SPATIAL CONTEXT BASED ON X Y COORDINATES TO A FREQUENCY REPRESENTATION THE FFT MENU ALLOW YOU TO CONVERT A SPATIAL IMAGE TO A FREQUENCY REPRESENTATION APPLY MASK TO THE FREQUENCY TRANSFORM TO ELIMINATE NOISE OF PERIODIC PATTERNS IN THE ORIGINAL IMAGE SET MASK ATTENUATION affects the strength of the mask s RECORD AND PLAY CUSTOM FILTERS mask sequences CONVERT THE FREQUENCY TRANSFORM BACK INTO A SPATIAL REPRESENTATION THE NEXT MENU OPTION IS MEASUREMENTS Measurements Calibrate Measure Line Measure
33. TLC INK ANALYSIS 1 REMOVE KNOWN SAMPLE OF FISHER SPACE PEN INK AND PLACE IN VIAL 2 ADD 5 MICROLITERS OF PYRIDINE TO EXTRACT STANDARD SAMPLE FROM PAPER 3 PIPETTE STANDARD SOLUTION FISHER SPACE PEN INK ONTO MERCK TLC PLATE AS A CIRCULAR SPOT 4 ALLOW SPOT SAMPLE TO DRY OVEN OR AIR DRY 5 PLACE SAMPLE PLATE INTO SOLVENT SYSTEM I TANK CONSISTING OF ETHYL ACETATE ETHANOL AND DISTILLED WATER FOR FIFTEEN MINUTES 6 NOTE SEPARATION OF INK COMPONENTS AND COMPARE WITH OTHER KNOWN STANDARDS IF WARRANTED 7 SEPARATION OF INK COMPONENTS INTO A KNOWN REPRODUCIBLE PATTERN IS INDICATIVE OF ACTIVE SOLVENT SYSTEM AND EXTRACTOR CHEMICALS 8 PROCEED WITH TLC INK ANALYSIS OF EVIDENCE QUESTIONED AND OR KNOWN INK ENTRIES Procedure Section 4 Page 1 PROCEDURE FOR THE ANALYSIS OF INKS AND THE IDENTIFICATION OF CERTAIN TYPES OF WRITING INSTRUMENTS Physical Examination 1 The physical examination of inks is a non destructive method which consists of a visual examination to determine the color type of ink and instrument used to produce the Questioned document It is be possible in certain cases to differentiate inks on this basis alone Ball point inks normally contain glycol or an oil base which are observed microscopically The effect of the roller ball on the writing surface is noted to the extent that it may be observed as a trough or fiber disturbed path along the surface of the paper coated by or filled with the oil based ink
34. TREMI JF ee eR A AND ELEMENTAL BOOKS O Hara C E and Osterberg J W An Introduction to Criminalistics Chapters 41 thru 44 TECHNICAL PAPERS Mehrotra V K and Sidhana S K Non Destructive Identiticdtion of Metallic ot Inks Used Documents Forensic Science Vol 9 1977 Noble W Wheals B B and Whitehouse M J The Characteristics of Adhesives b Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography and Infrared Spectroscopy Forensic Sciences Vol 3 1974 Rodin H F Application of Modern Science to the Field of Questioned Document Examination unpublished technical paper Hamman B L Nondestructiv S ve Spectrophotometric Identification of Inks and TF on Paper Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 13 No 4 Oct 68 Crown D A New Developments in the Japanese Questioned Document Laboratories Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 18 No 4 Oct 73 Lyter A R III Analysis tor Water Soluble Paper Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 25 No 2 Apr 80 Kelly J H Spectrofluotometric Analysis of Ball Point Ink Journal of Police Science and Administration Vol 1 No 2 Jun 73 Totty R N Dubrey J M Evett I W and Renshaw I D x Ray Microprobe Analysis ot Coated Papers Used in Photocopying Processes Forensic Science International Vol 13 1979 Waeschle P A Examination of Line Crossings bv Scannin Electron Microscopy Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 24 N
35. TURN OFF THE LAMP AND FAN AND TRY AGAIN AFTER 30 SECONDS 9 2 AS SOON AS THE LAMP IS ON THE UNIT WILL AUTOCALIBRATE ITSELF AND WILL BRING UP THE CSS CRIME SEAN SEARCH FILTER YOU WILL NOW SEE BRIGHT BLUE SPOT 9 3 BELOW IS A DRAWING OF THE FRONT PANEL OF THE CRIMESCOPE CS 16 lam am ss CRIMESCOPE WHEEL1 CS 18 WAVELENGTH REMOTE NARROW BAND FILTERS EXCEPT CSS 9 o BN LP480 LP530 UP DOWN 5P580 MAXIMUM POWER SP520 WHEEL 2 SHUTTER EDGE FILTERS WHEEL 1 L 9 3 1 WHEEL 1 HAS 15 POSITIONS 14 WITH BANDPASS FILTERS AND ONE FOR WHITE LIGHT THE CENTER WAVELENGTH IS INDICATED ON THE TOP DIGITAL DISPLAY A FINE TUNE SHIFTS NEGATIVE NUMBERS IS INDICATED ON THE LOWER DISPLAY 9 4 WHEEL 2 IS MANUAL AND CONTROLLED FROM THE MANUAL KNOB ON THE FRONT PANEL 9 5 9 4 1 THIS WHEEL HAS 12 POSITIONS LP480 S LP530 5 LP580 S LP520 S MAXIMUM POWER S MAXIMUM POWER AND S THE POSITIONS BETWEEN THE LABELED POSITIONS ARE SHUTTER POSITIONS WHICH ARE USED TO TEMPORARILY BLOCK OUT THE LIGHT OUTPUT SP 520 SP 580 LP 480 SHORTPASS FILTER TRANSMITS ALL THE WAVELENGTHS BELOW THE CUT OFF VALUE OF 520nm TRANSMITS NUV NEAR UV VIOLET BLUE BLOCKS GREEN YELLOW ORANGE RED SHORTPASS FILTER TRANSMITS ALL THE WAVELENGTHS BELOW THE CUT OFF VALUE 580nm TRANSMITS NUV VIOLET BLUE GREEN YELLOW BLOCKS RED LONGPASS FILTER TRANSMITS ALL THE WAVE
36. a battery operated laptop wath you to TH raramnrn and ca n if inii hava cond card Yai wall ha raraiina m t eniind lavale ta You can retype the highlighted word if necessary while the Verification window is still open This is a quick way to edit text without using the spell checker The recognized document opens in a new maximized text window 1 20 5 Window The document s font and paragraph formatting are retained but page layout is not Text is displayed in one column with the graphic at the end TAB BUTTONS SPACING ALIGNMENT FORMATTING BUTTONS BUTTONS BUTTONS BOLD ITALIC UNDERLINE TEXT FRAME True Page Sample OmmbPage Professional allows you to recognize edit and save documents in their original full page formats when RULER SET MARGINS AND TABS 1 20 6 Choose Tile Vertical or the Tile Horizontal in the Windows menu The text and zone windows tile for easy viewing 1 20 7 with 1 20 8 You 1 20 9 1 20 10 1 20 11 1 20 12 1 20 13 Compare the recogniqed document in the text window to the scanned image the zone window OmniPage highlights any words it had trouble recognizing Green suspects words that may not have been recognized correctly are highlighted in green Red tilde reflects or unrecognizable characters are marked a red tilde Select a word in the text If you double click the word the V
37. and the microscope A toners wpd Validation Referance Subject Photocopiers Toners Facsimile Title The Classification of Office Copy Machines from Physical Characteristics Author E L James publication J Foren Sci vol 32 5 Sept 1987 1293 1304 Keywords copy machines photocopier photocopy toner Number 108 Subject Photocopiers Toners Facsimile Title Classification and Identification of Photocopying Toners By Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy DRIFTS II Final Report Author W D Mazzella C J Lennard P A Margot Publication J Foren 5 vol 36 3 1991 820 837 Keywords photocopier photocopy infrared Number 114 Subject Photocopiers Toners Facsimile Title Analysis of Photocopying Toners by Infrared Spectroscopy Author R L Williams Publication Foren Sci International 22 1983 85 95 Keywords photocopier toner infrared Number 99 Subject Photocopiers Toners Facsimile Title The Differentiation of Toners Used in Photocopy Processes by Infrared Spectroscopy Author G S Kemp R N Totty Publication Foren Sci International 22 1983 75 83 Keywords photocopier toner photocopy Number 106 Analysis of Photocopier Toners by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Introduction Identification and comparison of photocopier toners can be easily conducted using a small amount of sample and a fourier t
38. located on KBr pellet The toner samples are ready for analysis Revision Date Approved By A toners wpd Instrument Perkin Elmer Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer 1700 series located in the Trace Evidence Section FTIR Calibration Procedures Calibration of the FTIR Spectrometer will be done a minimum of once per month However calibration is not limited to once per month and can be performed as needed Turn on the computer When computer has booted up the c gt prompt will appear Type in WIN and press ENTER This will open the PROGRAM MANAGER and the PE APPLICATIONS window will be in the center of the screen IRDM Software Move cursor to the MS DOS IRDM icon and double click Move cursor to INSTRUMENT and click Pull down to COMMUNICATIONS and click Instrument Communications window will open Click on RS232ON and then click on OK Move cursor back to INSTRUMENT and click Pull down to INST And click The instrument will initialize and the Instrument Accessories window will appear Make sure TGS is highlighted and click on OK Move cursor back to INSTRUMENT and click Pull down to SCAN MODE and click The scan mode window will appear Make sure GAIN is on one and click on OK Move cursor to INSTRUMENT and click Pull down to MONITOR and click When Monitor window appears click on ENERGY and then click on OK Read the maximum value of the energy and record it in the calibration log Click on EXIT Mo
39. of Mass Spectrometry to the Study of 11 Marks Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 25 No 3 July 80 Lyter A H and Brunelle R L A Systematic Approach for the Comparison of Paper Samples Identification News July 1977 Kelly J D and Haville Procedure tor the Characterization of Zinc Oxide Photocopy Papers unpublished technical paper 2 Martin Analysis of Paper Imternational Criminal Police Review 103 SECTION 4 I HAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE ANALYST OF INKS AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION RENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED 7 A DATED f DAVID DUNN SUPERVISING NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE OF THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY MY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION K SIGNED TITLE Procedure Section 5 page 1 EXAMINATION OF CHARRED DOCUMENTS Preliminary Examination The charred debris should be carefully handled due to its delicate nature using blount insturments The ashes should be throughly examined to separate the ligible from the illegible char The legible debris should be placed in containers to help insure their integrety and labeled
40. prepare a document 2 the deter mination of make and model of typewriter used to prepare a document and 3 the determination if a document was prepared at one sitting ARTICLE TOPIC TTL AUTHOR AGENCY LOCATION DATE KEY ABS 1409 LAT REQUIRED YES or NO Typewriter Ribbon Comparison Comparison of Typewriter Ribbon Inks By Thin Layer Chromatography JFS V 22 N 4 October 1977 807 814 Richard L Brunelle John F Negri Antonio A Cantu Albert H Lyter Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms and The George Washington University N A N A Tholl FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin Somerford Brown Kirk UV This paper desccribes a thin layer chromotographic procedure for comparison and differentiation of typewriter ribbon inks Pre coated silica gel glass Merck plates utilizing two different solvent systems were used 1 ethyl acetate ethanol wter 70 35 30 and 2 n butanol ethanol water 50 10 15 Excellent separation and resolu tion of dye components were achieved Over 150 typewriter ribbon inks from 7 major manufacturers were analyzed and compared END OF RECORD ARTICLE TOPIC TTL AUTHOR AGENCY 604 MPH REQUIRED YES or NO Microspectrophotometer Examination of Typewriter Inks The Use of the Microspectrophotometer for the Non Destructive Differentiation of Typewriter Ribbon Inks James E
41. to subject the indented writing to the Electro Static Detection Apparatus ESDA This is a nondestructive method which allows a static charge to be imparted to a film covering the writing Toner as used in a copy machine is applied and the indentions can often be enhanced and discerned Again the IBIS System can be used to capture the writing for printing or the writing maybe photographed directly The ESDA methodology also allows for the removal of the toner formed impressions of the indented writing for presevation The examination of indented writings may require one or a combination of the above methods The procedures for the IBIS System ESDA and Photography are contained in this manual and each can be located under its respective section Procedure Section 6 Page 2 Safety Procedures for the ESDA present hazards of electric static shock as well as the liberation of ozone Do not tocuh the elements on the bottom of the wand The ESDA should be placed near a hood allowing a draft to be created across the surface as to draw air and the ozone up the hood or used in a place with appropriate ventilation The use of the crimescope monochromator requires precations inclding the use of UV block glasses Refer to Section 1 page 4 for proper instruction inks 205 ESDA ESDA amp Laboratory Noise Joyce A Lauterbach SAFDE Atlanta GA May 1995 ESDA 196 ESDA amp Laboratory Noise ESDA amp Laboratory Noise J
42. 4 2 3 OR DELETE A IMAGE FILE 14 3 THE MOST USED SELECTION Acquire FORM THE MAIN MENU IS ACQUIRE Continuous Acquire Single Acquire 14 3 1 FOR MOST APPLICATIONS USE T THE CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE OPTION Clear Street p WHICH WORKS WELL WITH THE IR Acquire with Filter VIDEO CAMERA 14 3 2 GATING WORKS WELL WITH IR LUMINESCE 14 3 3 UNDER THE SELECT CAMERA MENU SELECT WHICH IR VIDEO Acquire CAMERA TO USE OR YOU CAN Select Camera SELECT TO ACQUIRE FROM THE RS 170 CCIR 625 50 Interlaced MICROSCOPE CAMERA OR THE Dage 81 Non Interlaced PANASONIC 7150 VIDEO CASSETTE PLAYER Dage 81 Interlaced Acquire with Filter 14 3 4 AFTER ACQUIRING THE IMAGE BACK TO THE MAIN MENU BY CLICKING ON THE MOUSE 14 4 ONCE BACK IN THE MAIN MENU ADJUST CONTRAST AND DO FILTERING Sharpen Hi Pass Filter Edge Detect Median Lo Pass Filter Erode Dilate Select Convolved Kernel Kernel Parameters FILTERING CAN BE USED TO SHARPEN OR BLUR AN IMAGE TO ENHANCE HIGH FREQUENCY DETAILS TO DETECT EDGES OR TO LIGHTEN OR DARKEN AN OVERALL IMAGE BY EXPANDING LIGHT OR DARK AREAS ADDITIONALLY FILTERS CAN BE FINE TUNED BY CHANGING THE SCALE AND BOOST VALUES TO COMBINE CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT WITH FILTERING 14 4 1 TO SHARPEN AN IMAGE USE THE HI PASS OR SHARPEN FILTERING OPTIONS 14 4 2 TO BLUR AN IMAGE USE THE LO PASS OR MEDIAN FILTERING OPTIONS 14 4 3 TO DETECT OR ENHANCE EDGES IN AN IMAGE SELECT
43. 5 Dating of Typewriting Journal of Criminal Lav Criminology and Police Science Vol 50 No 1 May 59 Dating Typewriting by an Analysis of Variable Defects Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 51 No 3 Sep 60 Multiple Typewriter Copies How and Why unpublished technical paper Various Methods of Identifying the Source of Typeface from an Examination of Ribbons and Correcting Tapes unpublished technical paper 80 Hilton O Identifying the Typewriter Ribbon Used to Write a Letter A Case Study Employing New Techniques Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 63 No 1 Mar 72 Hahn G H Paper Fiber Impressions on Carbon Type Ribbons Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 19 No 1 Jan 74 Hilton 0 Can Typewriting by Identified from Photocopies unpublished technical paper Picchia C M R The Mathematical Determination of the Number of Copies of a Typewritten Document Forensic Science International Vol 15 1980 j Levinson J Class Characteristics of Single Element Typevriters unpublished technical paper Hilton O The Complexities of Identifying the Modern Typewriter Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 17 No 4 Oct 72 Fryd C M Fo Forensic Examination of Typewriting TERN Medicine Science and the Law Vol 15 No Oct 1974 81 TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION 2
44. 5 USE THE CONTRAST MENU TO CHANGE THE CONTRAST OR BRIGHTNESS IN THE IMAGE Contrast lide and Stretch Auto Fit Inverse Equalizatio Binarize 4 5 1 SLIDE AND STRETCH WITH THIS SELECTION A SLIDER BAR IS ACTIVATED DISPLAYING VALUES OF 0 5 TO 3 0 UNITS OF DENSITY BY MOVING THE MOUSE CLICK ON THE LEFT MOUSE BUTTON WHEN PROPER DENSITY IS OBTAINED 4 5 2 AUTO FIT AUTOMATICALLY SELECTED WHAT THE COMPUTER FEELS IS THE CORRECT CONTRAST 4 5 3 INVERSE PRODUCES AN IMAGE WHICH IS A NEGATIVE IMAGE 4 6 SELECT THE SHARPEN OPTION NORMALLY JUST ONE CLICK ON SHARPEN IS APPROPRIATE Sharpen Hi Pass Filter Edge Detect Median Lo Pass Filter Erode Dilate Select Convolved Kernel Kernel Parameters FILTERING CAN BE USED TO SHARPEN OR BLUR AN IMAGE TO ENHANCE HIGH FREQUENCY DETAILS TO DETECT EDGES OR TO LIGHTEN OR DARKEN AN OVERALL IMAGE BY EXPANDING LIGHT OR DARK AREAS 4 6 1 TO SHARPEN AN IMAGE USE THE HI PASS OR SHARPEN FILTERING OPTIONS 4 6 2 TO BLUR AN IMAGE USE THE LO PASS OR MEDIAN FILTERING OPTIONS 4 6 3 TO DETECT OR ENHANCE EDGES IN AN IMAGE SELECT THE SOBEL PHASE OR HORIZONTAL VERTICAL LAPLACIAN AND ROBERS FILTERS AS SUBMENU CHOICES 47 SELECT THE ANNOTATE OPTION Annotate Enter Text C WITH THIS YOU CAN ENTER TEXT AND CASE NO ON YOUR IMAGE 4 8 NEXT WE SAVE THE IMAGE TO A COMPUTER FILE BY SELECTING FILE FUNCTION File Functions Restore Image File Save Image File Del
45. 6 Casey M The Individuality of Rubber Stamps unpublished technical paper 82 Foley B G Unusual Stamp Cancellation Problem unpublished technical paper Vastrick T W Checkwriter Identification unpublished technical paper Miller J T Checkprotector Identification Exemplar and Comparison Problems unpublished technical paper Black D A Identifying Addressograph Imprints unpublished technical paper Casey M A and Paholke A R A Dual View to Identifying Metal Stamped Impressions Journal of Police Science and Administration Vol 3 No 2 Jun 75 Purtell D J The Identification of Rubber Stamps Royal Canadian Mounted Police Seminar 4 May 1956 83 TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION 7 I HAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE EXAMINATION OF P APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU IGATION ome ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION DATED Z 2 2 A DAVID C D SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION ROCED EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE OF THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY MY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION K SIGNED TITLE Procedure Section 8 Page 1 THE EXAMINATION OF PHOTOCOPIED DOCUMENTS The examination of documents which have been photocopi
46. ACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION k SIGNED TITLE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION L5 VIDEO CASSETTE IMAGING USING LATENT PRO SOFTWARE Note See the Video Forensics Discipline Technical Procedures Manual Feburary 1 2002 NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION 1 6 PHOTOGRAPHY USING THE VISUAL GRAPHICS CORP TOTAL CAMERA III The VGC Total Camera III is an important large graphic arts type of camera which we use to photographically preserve evidence Photographs are helpful in nearly all questioned document cases and it is effective and convincing to use displays made from photographs in court Many times these photographs are enlarged up to 300 to make comparison charts for court This way similarities or differences in a handwriting case can be shown enlarged and side by side therefore showing whether two or more writings are the same or different This type of imaging must be carried out in an area designed for this activity where one can control the type and intensity of lighting Also due the photo chemicals used good ventilation is needed as well as running water for cleaning the equipment The following steps are used to produce photographs using this camera 6 1 TURN THE CAMERA ON AT THE KEY SWITCH IT NORMALLY TAKES ABOUT THIRTY MINUTES FOR THE CHEMICALS TO COME UP TO TEMPERATURE 95 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT 2 DEGREES 6 1 1 PLACE THE DOCUME
47. ATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED DATED DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION k SIGNED TITLE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION 1 14 USING IBIS IMAGING PROGRAMS THE FIRST MENU IS BELOW 06715795 Jmenu Version 2 22 08 54 47 am Main Menu IBIS IMAGING SOFTWARE IMAGEPRO DOS TAPE BACKUP Load Network WINDOWS Configuration 14 1 TO RUN THE IBIS PROGRAMS USE THE MOUSE TO CLICK ON 1 14 1 1 THEN THE FOLLOWING IBIS Imaging System 2 35 MENU APPEARS 1 Help F10 Clear Screen 14 1 2 YOU CAN NOW BRING TER UP AN IMAGE FROM NEW IMAGE Acquire Contrast Adjustment Filters 14 1 3 YOU CAN ALSO DO Mani anipulations ENHANCEMENTS Analysis SUCH AS CONTRAST Measurements ADJUSTMENTS Annotate AND FILTER CONTROL Print Clear Screen 14 1 4 YOU CAN PRINT AND ANNOTATE FROM THIS SCREEN 14 22 THE FIRST OPTION IS FILE FUNCTIONS WHICH ARE SHOWN BELOW FROM THIS MENU YOU CAN DO ALL YOUR File Functions FILE FUNCTIONS Restore Image File 14 2 1 SAVE A FILE Save Image File Delete Image Fue 14 2 2 PULL UP A FILE FROM Image Directory MEMORY Printrak Save 1
48. Area Perimeter 14 9 THE NEXT MENU IS ANNOTATE 14 9 1 YOUR PRINT WITH THIS YOU CAN ENTER TEXT AND CASE NO AND OTHER INFORMATION ONTO Annotate Enter Text C 14 10 THE Print Parameters NEXT MENU IS Number of Prints 1 THE PRINT Size of Prints Medium Orientation Portrait cn Text Size Small CONTROL Comment S THE SIZE AND NUMBER OF PRINTS Clear Screen 14 11 THE LAST SELECTION IS THE CLEAR SCREEN REFERENCES Barnes David Document Processing System User s Manual IBIS Imaging Systems Media Cybernetics Image Pro Plus Image Processing System Version 2 0 1992 TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION L14 IHAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE IBIS IMAGING PROGRAMS AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED DATED DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION k SIGNED TITLE 15 1 L15 USING THE ASKSAM TYPEWRITER TYPE STYLE CLASSIFICATION PROGRAM LOADING THE TYPE PROGRAM FROM WINDOWS 15 1 1 15 1 2 15 1 3 15 1 4 CLICK ON THIS DIRECTORY
49. CEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE OF THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY MY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION K SIGNED TITLE N C SBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION 1 21 VARISPEC TUNABLE IMAGING FILTER The Varispec tunable imaging filter uses electronically controlled liquid crystal elements to select a transmitted wavelength range while blocking all others The Varispec tunable filter provides rapid vibration less selection of any wavelength in the visible and infrared ranges of the spectrum VariSpec s unlimited wavelength selection and excellent image quality are valuable in questioned documents work The VariSpec filter is a Lot type birefringent filter in which electronically controlled liquid crystal elements are used to select a transmitted wavelength while blocking all others Commands are used to control all aspects of the filter and can include defining a palette of wavelengths and cycling through this palette in random or serial fashion This filter consists of an optics module and an electronics control module These two modules are connected by a cable up to two meters in length The filter transmission is sensitive to polarization of the input beam Transmission is increased by a factor of two if the input beam is polarized along the transmission axis of the input pol
50. CIENT Sharpen Hi Pass Filter Edge Detect Median Lo Pass Filter Erode Dilate Select Convolved Kernel Kernel Parameters FILTERING CAN BE USED TO SHARPEN OR BLUR AN IMAGE TO ENHANCE HIGH FREQUENCY DETAILS TO DETECT EDGES OR TO LIGHTEN OR DARKEN AN OVERALL IMAGE BY EXPANDING LIGHT OR DARK AREAS 8 11 1 TO SHARPEN AN IMAGE USE THE HI PASS OR SHARPEN FILTERING OPTIONS 8 11 2 TO BLUR AN IMAGE USE THE LO PASS OR MEDIAN FILTERING OPTIONS 8 11 3 TO DETECT OR ENHANCE EDGES IN AN IMAGE SELECT THE SOBEL PHASE OR HORIZONTAL VERTICAL LAPLACIAN AND ROBERS FILTERS AS SUBMENU CHOICES 8 12 SELECT THE ANNOTATE OPTION Annotate Enter Text WITH THIS YOU CAN ENTER TEXT AND CASE NO ON YOUR IMAGE 8 13 SAVE THE IMAGE TO A COMPUTER FILE BY SELECTING FILE FUNCTION File Functions Restore Image File Save Image File Delete Image Fue Image Directory Printrak Save 8 14 FROM THIS MENU FILE FUNCTIONS INCLUDE SAVE A FILE PULL UP A FILE FROM MEMORY OR DELETE AN IMAGE FILE 8 15 PRINT THE IMAGE BY SELECTING THE PRINT OPTION Print Parameters Number of Prints 1 Size of Prints Medium Orientation Portrait Text Size Small Comment 1 REFERENCES Barnes David Document Processing System User s Manual IBIS Imaging Systems Delly John Grutav Photography Through the Microscope Kodak publication No P 2 1980 Leitz Wetzlar Comparison Macroscope Bench Stand
51. Certain areas may be observed along this path where a consistent few of ink was not imparted to the paper unlike a tracing however The non ball point inks are water based fountain pens roller markers fiber or felt tip pens extruded plastic pens or solvent based broad markers laundry markers and other porous surface markers The instruments normally associated with the non ball point inks with the exception of the rollermarkers are generally less destructive to the writing surface and the inks can absorb more into the writing surface if the writing surface is in fact paper These characteristics should all be discerned visually or with the aide of a microscope and noted where possible The Question ink s is placed under ultraviolet light to learn if it fluoresces and the results noted This procedure is also carried out under infrared light to observe any luminescence or reflectance The opacity or transparency of the ink s may also be learn under infrared Procedure Section 4 Page 2 light examination Two ink s which appear the same type and color may differ in their degree of transparency or fluorescence under ultraviolet or infrared light and differentiated Chemical Examination 2 A solubility test is conducted by removing a small quantity of ink from the writing line This is accomplished by using a scalpel to cut discrete slivers of ink absorbed paper approximately gt inch in length from area s of the write line giving
52. D TITLE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION 1 12 ULTRAVIOLET LUMINESCENCE IMAGING This type of imaging is used by the Questioned Documents Section to show the differences in inks which normally appear the same The exposing of the questioned document to ultraviolet radiation 200nm to 600nm from the crimescope CS 16 will cause the specimen many times to emit radiation in visible part of the spectrum One of four basic phenomena can be observed occurring with the document using this technique The document may be observed reflecting the energy lighten absorbing the energy darken transmitting the energy disappear or converting the energy to a different viable wavelength luminesce As in infrared imaging use is made of the invisible ultraviolet rays as distinguished from the visible rays of the spectrum A special filter U V 2A is placed in front of the DAGE MTI infrared video camera lens to adsorb the ultraviolet rays and allow the visible rays to reach the camera tube This leaves a clear reproduction of the inks luminescence in the visible part of the spectrum This type of imaging must be carried out in an area designed for this activity where one can control the type and intensity of lighting The following steps are used to produce ultraviolet reflected images 12 1 PLACE THE QUESTIONED DOCUMENT ON THE COPY STAND UNDER THE DAGE MTI 81 IR VIDEO CAMERA 12 1 1 BELOW IS THE TYPICAL COPYSTAND AND LIGHTING SETUP
53. D TO THE LEVEL NECESSARY TO DEPICT THE QUESTIONED WRITING THAT IS UNDER THE OBSCURING MATTER YOU THEN CLICK ON THE LEFT MOUSE BUTTON 1 6 2 AUTO FIT AUTOMATICALLY SELECTS WHAT THE COMPUTER FEELS IS THE CORRECT CONTRAST 1 6 3 INVERSE PRODUCES AN IMAGE WHICH IS A NEGATIVE IMAGE NEXT SELECT THE SHARPEN OPTION NORMALLY JUST ONE CLICK ON SHARPEN WILL DO FILTERING CAN BE USED TO SHARPEN OR BLUR AN IMAGE TO ENHANCE HIGH FREQUENCY DETAILS TO DETECT EDGES OR TO LIGHTEN OR DARKEN AN OVERALL IMAGE BY EXPANDING LIGHT OR DARK AREAS 1 7 1 TO SHARPEN AN IMAGE USE THE HI PASS OR SHARPEN FILTERING OPTIONS 1 7 2 TO BLUR AN IMAGE USE THE LO PASS OR MEDIAN FILTERING OPTIONS 1 7 3 TO DETECT OR ENHANCE EDGES IN AN IMAGE SELECT THE SOBEL PHASE OR HORIZONTAL VERTICAL LAPLACIAN AND ROBERS FILTERS AS SUBMENU CHOICES 1 8 NEXT WE SELECT THE ANNOTATE OPTION Hi Pass Filter Edge Detect Median Lo Pass Filter Erode Dilate Select Convolved Kernel Kernel Parameters File Functions Restore Image File Save Image File Delete Image Fue Image Directory Printrak Save WITH THIS YOU CAN ENTER TEXT AND CASE NO ON YOUR IMAGE 19 NEXT WE SAVE THE IMAGE TO A COMPUTER FILE BY SELECTING FILE FUNCTION Annotate Enter Text 1 9 1 FROM THIS MENU ALL FILE FUNCTIONS CAN BE RUN USING SAVE A FILE PULL UP A FILE FROM MEMORY OR DELETE AN IMAGE FILE 1 10 PRINT THE IMAGE BY SELECTING THE
54. DER BAR IS ACTIVATED DISPLAYING VALUES OF 0 5 TO 3 0 UNITS OF DENSITY BY MOVING THE MOUSE UNTIL YOU GET A PLEASING IMAGE YOU THEN CLICK ON THE LEFT MOUSE BUTTON 12 6 2 AUTO FIT AUTOMATICALLY SELECTED WHAT THE COMPUTER FEELS IS THE CORRECT CONTRAST 12 6 3 INVERSE PRODUCES AN IMAGE WHICH IS NEGATIVE IMAGE 12 7 SELECT THE SHARPEN OPTION CLICK ONCE ON SHARPEN Sharpen Hi Pass Filter Edge Detect Median Lo Pass Filter Erode Dilate Select Convolved Kernel Kernel Parameters FILTERING CAN BE USED TO SHARPEN OR BLUR AN IMAGE TO ENHANCE HIGH FREQUENCY DETAILS TO DETECT EDGES OR TO LIGHTEN OR DARKEN AN OVERALL IMAGE BY EXPANDING LIGHT OR DARK AREAS 12 7 1 TO SHARPEN AN IMAGE USE THE HLPASS OR SHARPEN FILTERING OPTIONS 12 7 2 TO BLUR AN IMAGE USE THE LO PASS OR MEDIAN FILTERING OPTIONS 12 7 3 TO DETECT OR ENHANCE EDGES IN AN IMAGE SELECT THE SOBEL PHASE OR HORIZONTAL VERTICAL LAPLACIAN AND ROBERS FILTERS AS SUBMENU CHOICES 12 8 SELECT THE ANNOTATE OPTION Annotate Enter Text EEE WITH THIS YOU CAN ENTER TEXT AND CASE NO ON YOUR IMAGE 12 9 SAVE THE IMAGE TO A COMPUTER FILE BY SELECTING FILE FUNCTION File Functions Restore Image File Save Image File Delete Image Fue Image Directory Printrak Save 12 9 1 FROM THIS MENU FILE FUNCTIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS SAVE A FILE PULL UP A FILE FROM MEMORY OR DELETE AN IMAGE FILE 12 10 PRINT THE IMAGE BY SELECTING THE
55. DO FILTERING CAN BE USED TO SHARPEN OR BLUR AN IMAGE TO ENHANCE HIGH FREQUENCY DETAILS TO DETECT EDGES OR TO LIGHTEN OR DARKEN AN OVERALL IMAGE BY EXPANDING LIGHT OR DARK AREAS 17 7 1 TO SHARPEN AN IMAGE USE THE HI PASS OR SHARPEN FILTERING OPTIONS 17 7 2 TO BLUR AN IMAGE USE THE LO PASS OR MEDIAN FILTERING OPTIONS 17 7 3 TO DETECT OR ENHANCE EDGES IN AN IMAGE SELECT THE SOBEL PHASE OR HORIZONTAL VERTICAL LAPLACIAN AND ROBERS FILTERS AS SUBMENU CHOICES Sharpen Hi Pass Filter Edge Detect Median Lo Pass Filter Erode Dilate Select Convolved Kernel Kernel Parameters 17 8 NEXT WE SELECT THE ANNOTATE OPTION Annotate Enter Text C WITH THIS YOU CAN ENTER TEXT AND CASE NO ON YOUR IMAGE 17 9 NEXT WE SAVE THE IMAGE TO A COMPUTER FILE BY SELECTING FILE FUNCTION File Functions Restore Image File Save Image File Delete Image Fue Image Directory Printrak Save 17 9 1 FROM THIS MENU ALL FILE FUNCTIONS CAN BE RUN USING SAVE A FILE PULL UP A FILE FROM MEMORY OR DELETE AN IMAGE FILE 17 10 PRINT THE IMAGE BY SELECTING THE PRINT OPTION Print Parameters Number of Prints 1 Size of Prints Medium Orientation Portrait Text Size Small Comment 1 REFERENCES Barnes David Document Processing System User s Manual IBIS Imaging Systems Hilton Ordway New Dimensions in Infrared Luminescence Photography Journal of Forensics Sciences JFSCA Vol 26
56. E COPY ULTRAVIOLET REFLECTANCE 11 2 11 3 11 5 PLACE U V FILTER IN THE CAMERA S FILTER HOLDER TURN ON THE U V LIGHTS OR USE THE LIGHT GUIDE FROM THE CRIMESCOBPE CS 16 LIGHT SOURCE USING THE IBIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE ON 486 COMPUTER WITH AT LEAST 16 MB OF RAM ACQUIRE THIS IMAGE DIGITALLY ON CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE ADJUST THE LENS OPENING IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE GOOD DENSITY USE NIKON 35 55 105 LENS 11 4 1 LENS SELECTIONS RELATES THE SIZE THE QUESTIONED DOCUMENT 35 81 2 INCHES X 11 INCHES OR A CHECK 55MM AN ENDORSEMENT OR SIGNATURE 105MM JUST ONE NAME OR SEVERAL LETTERS BELOW IS THE ACQUIRE MENU FROM THE IBIS PROGRAM CLICK ON CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE IF THE IMAGE IS FAINT THE GATE VIDEO Acquire INPUT OPTION IS USED SET Continue AT 2 OR 3 START WITH Single Acquire THIS PROCEDURE WILL Select Camera INCREASE THE DENSITY OF Gate Video Input Clear Screen THE IMAGE Acquire with Filter 11 6 USE THE CONTRAST MENU TO CHANGE THE CONTRAST OR BRIGHTNESS IN THE IMAGE Contrast lide and Stretch Auto Fit Inverse Equalizatio Binarize 11 6 1 SLIDE AND STRETCH WITH THIS SELECTION A SLIDER BAR IS ACTIVATED DISPLAYING VALUES OF 0 5 TO 3 0 UNITS OF DENSITY BY MOVING THE MOUSE THEN CLICK ON THE LEFT MOUSE BUTTON WHEN MAXIMUM DENSITY IS OBTAINED 11 6 2 AUTO FIT AUTOMATICALLY SELECTED WHAT THE COMPUTER FEELS IS THE CORRECT
57. E USE OF THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY MY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION K SIGNED TITLE Procedure section 2 1 PROCEDURE FOR THE EXAMINATION AND COMPARISON OF TYPEWRITTEN DOCUMENTS AND TYPEWRITERS Original Documents 1 The typewritten document to be examined must be determined to be the original The Examiner should ascertain that the Document in Question is not another form of production or reproduction Type of Mechanism 2 The document is studied in an attempt to decide the type of mechanism used to produce the Questioned typing This includes type bar single element ball or single element printwheel Determine if the typescript is based upon metric or standard measure If based upon the metric then careful attention should be given to the alignment and pitch Notations are made of horizontal spacing s to determine if pica elite or proportional The typestyle used such as modern letter gothic courier or prestige may also be noted The size and uniqueness of the characters bold type and justified margins are observed A determination of the type of ribbon acetate non acetate or lift off correctable is made when possible If the ribbon is fabric seldom seen any more with the arrival of the acetate ribbons then the typescript is examined for the presence of fabric thread impressions Consistency of Typewriting 3 The c
58. ECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION k SIGNED TITLE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION 1 13 IMAGING WITH ALDUS PHOTO STYLER VER 2 0 13 1 TURN ON THE HP SCANNER 13 2 DOUBLE CLICK ON THE PHOTO STYLER ICON UNDER APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS GROUP 5 PhotoStyler 13 2 1 THIS MENU APPEARS File Edit Select View Help 13 3 INORDER TO SCAN CHOSE ACQUIRE FROM THE SCAN SUBMENU UNDER THE FILE MENU 13 3 1 THEN am SELECT File Edit Select View ACQUIRE Preferences 1 cAkenlVidavel tif 2 cAkenlYalstonl tif 3 cAkenlYalston tif A c ken1 bkg tif 5 c kenl dave tif 13 3 2 TIPS FOR PRODUCING THE BEST POSSIBLE SCAN 13 3 2 1 KNOW WHAT THE FINAL OUTPUT DEVICE WILL BE AND ITS REQUIREMENTS 13 3 2 2 CLEAN THE GLASS ON THE SCANNER Deskscanl 13 3 23 USE File Edit Custom Tools Help HIGH QUALITY Type Millions of Colors 2 ARTWORK USE THE Path PhotoStyler LaserJet 4 F ORIGINAL PHOTO Brightness Contrast e 13 4 THIS WILL BRING e 157 O 170 O UP THE HP DESKSCAN 12 Scaling 100 1600 H BOX Width 1 44in Height 1 75in A _ SCALING RELATES 73K TO THE SIZE OF THE IMAGE ON THE VIDEO MONITOR NONE OF THESE SETTINGS EFFECT RESOLUTION OF THE VIDEO MON
59. ED WRITING oni 156915 WRITING BOOKS Conway J P Evidential Documents Chapter Miscellaneous Document Problems pp 201 204 Harrison W Rr Suspect Documents Chapter 10 Hilton O Scientific Examination of Documents Chapter 3 pp 151 154 TECHNICAL ARTICLES Harris J S Disguised Handwriting Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 3 No 5 Jan Feb Dor i Webb F E The Question of Disguise in Handwriting Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 23 No 1 Jan 78 Alford E Dispuised Handwriting Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 15 No 4 Oct 70 Regent J Changing Slarit Is It the Only Change unpublished technical Paper Alford E F and Dick R M Intentional Disguise Court Ordered Handwriting Specimens Journal of Police Science and Administration Vol 6 No 4 1978 Alford E F Punctuation as Aid Examinin Disguised Writin npublished technical 72221218 Disguised Writing unpublished technical paper Galbraith N Another look at Disguised Handwriting unpublished technical paper REFERENCES FOR LESSON 27 SIGNATURES AND SIGNATURE FORGERY TE AP ene Ab SIGNATURE FORGERY BOOKS Osborn A S Questioned Documents Chapters 17 19 and 20 ened Documents Conway J V P Evidential Documents Chapter Evidential A ASU tat Hocuments Signatures Harrison W R Suspect Documents Cha
60. EO CAMERA 7 3 TURN ON THE RING LIGHT OR THE FIBER OPTICS LIGHTS 7 4 ADJUST THE MICROSCOPE 7 4 1 BELOW IS A PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING THE DIFFERENT CONTROLS OF THE WILD MZ8 1 MAGNIFICATION CHANGER 8 1 ZOOM 2 KNURLED RING ENGAGES THE 8 MAGNIFICATION STEPS 3 FOCUSING DRIVE LARGER KNOB IS COARSE FOCUSING SMALLER KNOB IS THE FINE FOCUSING 4 SECURING SCREW HOLDS THE OPTICS CARRIER IN MICROSCOPE CARRIER 5 SECURING SCREW HOLDS THE BINOCULAR TUBE TO THE OPTICS CARRIER 6 1 0X PLANO OBJECTIVE 7 5 7 6 7 ADJUSTABLE EYEPIECE TUBES INTERPUPILLARY DISTANCE ISADJUSTABLE 8 WIDE ANGLE EYEPIECES FOR SPECTACLE WEARERS 9 SECURING SCREWS WHICH HOLD THE EYEPIECES IN THE BINOCULAR TUBE 10 INCIDENT LIGHT BASE 11 STAGE PLATE 12 SIDE FACED COLUMN WITH FOCUSING DRIVE HOUSING 7 4 2 ZOOM IN ON THE SUBJECT USING 1 7 4 3 FOCUS ON THE SUBJECT USING 3 USING THE IBIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE ON A 486 COMPUTER WITH AT LEAST 16 MB OF RAM ACQUIRE THIS IMAGE DIGITALLY ON CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE 7 5 1 UNDER THE SELECT CAMERA OPTION SELECT THE RS 170 BELOW IS THE ACQUIRE MENU FROM THE IBIS PROGRAM CLICK ON CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE Acquire MANY TIMES IF THE IMAGE IS FAINT THE GATE VIDEO Continuous Acquire INPUT OPTION IS USED SET Single Acquire ART WITH Select Camera AT 2 OR 3 TOST Gate Video Input THIS PROCEDURE WILL Clear Screen INCREASE THE DENSITY OF Acquire with Filter THE IMAGE 7
61. G R Comments on the Determination of Nationality from Handwriting Journal of Forensic Sciences Vo 16 No 3 Jul 71 Bellomy D A Barrio Script unpublished technical paper Moon H W A Survey of Handwriting Styles by Geographic Location Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 22 No 4 Oct 77 Winchester J M Data Obtained from a Survey of the Handwriting of Black Students in Grades One Through Twelve in a Study f the Letter Forms J and unpublished technical paper Anonymous The History of Writing unpublished technical paper Caywood D A Handwriting Styles Based Upon Cultural Education a unpublished technical paper 22 Widacki J and Horvath F An Experimental Investigation of the Relative Validity and Utilit of the Pol raph Technique and Three Other Common Methods of Criminal d q sn Hethods of Criminal Identification Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 23 No 3 Jul 78 Britt S H and Mensh I N The Identification of One s Own Handwriting Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Vol 34 No 1 May 43 53 REFERENCES FOR LESSON 23 STANDARDS FOR COMPARISON IN HANDWRITING COMPARISON IN HANDWRITING EXAMINATIONS BOOKS Osborn A S and Osborn A D Questioned Document Problems Chapter gt 3 16 Osborn A S Questioned Documents Chapter 4 ES vocuments Conway J V P Evidential Documents Chapter Handwriting
62. HE TOOL BOX THIS IS A PAINT BRUSH THIS IS THE FREE SELECTION TOOL THIS IS THE MAGIC WAND USED TO SELECT COMPLEX SHAPES THE BACKGROUND MUST BE ALL ONE COLOR THIS IS THE CROPPING TOOL SELECTS THE INVERSE Fi E z E ile Directories SELECTS BACKGROUND OR A honda2 tif FOREGROUND COLOR List Files of THIS IS THE md SELECT GROUP BUTTON v Open Copy Working Size IMAGE TN EDITING GROUP BUTTON SELECTS A RECTANGLE SELECTS AN ELLIPTICAL AREA SELECTS A LINE OF PIXELS MOVES THE IMAGE INSIDE WINDOW PLACES TEXT IN AN IMAGE PICKS A COLOR FROM A IMAGE SELECTS AL IG 13 7 CREATING A COMPOSITE IMAGE 13 7 4 SELECT THE FILES TO OPEN 13 7 2 CHECK OPEN COPY 13 7 3 PRESS CTRL AND CLICK ON FILES TO BE OPEN 13 7 4 CLICK OPEN 13 7 5 SURE THE UNDO ENABLED ON THE EDIT MENU HAS A CHECKMARK BY IT 13 7 6 TO UNDO YOUR LAST ACTION PRESS CTRL Z Edit Select Can t r Undo Enabled 1377 CLICK THE SELECTION GROUP BUTTON Paste Clipboard Pattern 13 7 8 13 7 9 USE THE FOLLOWING SETTINGS ON THE MAGIC aom WAND TOOL RIBBON COMPARED BY RGB SIMILARITY 5 ANTI ALIASING CHECKED BUTTON HIGHLIGHTED 13 7 10 Compared By RGB
63. ITOR UNDER CUSTOM PRINT PATH SET THE RESOLUTION OF YOUR PRINTER 13 4 1 PRESS FINAL AND THE IMAGE WILL BE SCANNED INTO PHOTO STYLER 13 5 THE RESOLUTION COMMAND ALLOWS YOU TO CHANGE THE DEFINED RESOLUTION OF AN IMAGE WITHOUT ADDING DELETING PIXELS DOES HOWEVER CHANGE THE IMAGE DIMENSIONS FOR EXAMPLE IF YOU HAVE AN IMAGE THAT HAS A RESOLUTION OF 300 PIXELS PER INCH IF YOU USE THE RESOLUTION COMMAND TO SET THE RESOLUTION TO 100 PPI YOU HAVE NOT CHANGED THE NUMBER OF PIXELS INTHE IMAGE RATHER YOU HAVE REDEFINED HOW MANY PIXELS THERE ARE IN EACH INCH THEREFORE THE HEIGHT AND WIDTH OF THE 100 DPI IMAGE ARE EACH THREE TIMES GREATER THAN THE HEIGHT AND WIDTH OF THE 300 DPI BECAUSE THE RESOLUTION COMMAND DOES NOT CHANGE THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PIXELS IN THE IMAGE IT CANNOT INCREASE THE SHARPNESS OR LEVEL OF DETAIL OF AN IMAGE 13 5 1 THE RESOLUTION COMMAND IS FOUND UNDER THE IMAGE SECTION OF THE MENU BAR 2 7 13 5 2 vnange Resolution Pixels Inch Current Resolution 96 00 New Resolution 1 Display 96 00 300 00 HP LaserJet IIP on LPT1 _ User Defined 72 00 Printer 1 00 4800 00 Output Size Original New 216 Pixels 216 Pixels 282 Pixels 282 Pixels Smart Resolution Quality Best J Good Fair LEAVE THE RESOLUTION SMART SET ON BEST 13 6 THE TOOL BAR THIS IS T
64. Investigations 4 Osborn S The Problem of Proof Chapter 21 AE roptem or Proof Harrison W R Suspect Documents Chapter 12 433 454 Hilton 0 Scientific Examination of Documents Chapter 13 on of Documents TECHNICAL ARTICLES Hilton O The Collection of Writin Standards in Criminal Investigation Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Vol 32 Ho 2 Jul 41 Smith S 5 Obtaining Document Standards for Com arison Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Vol 40 No 1 May 49 Hilton O A Further Look at Writing Standards Journal of Criminal Criminology and Police Science Vol 56 No 3 Sep 65 Purtell D J Handwritin Standard Forms Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and pude Science Vol 54 No 4 Dec 63 Bohn C E Admissibilit of Spa ua Writings Journal o Forensic Sciences Vol 10 No 4 Oct 65 Mortimer J H Court Ordered Handwriting Exemplars How Effective Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 18 No 4 Oct 73 Gurvey C E Obtaining Results From Handwriting The Detective Vol 5 No 8 Winter 74 75 Weavers R L uestioned Documents Obtaining Writin Standards aoe FOS Forensic Science Digest Vol 5 No 9 Mar 79 54 REFERENCES FOR LESSON 24 FACTORS WHICH AFFECT HANDWRITING BOOKS Osborn A S and Osborn A D Questioned Document Problems Chapter 29 Osborn A S Questioned Documents Chapter 13 TECHNICAL AR
65. L PRESS THE EXPOSURE BUTTON WHICH OPENS THE CAMERA SHUTTER AND TURNS ON THE COPY LIGHTS FOR THE AMOUNT OF TIME SET ON THE TIMER AFTER THE PAPER HAS BEEN EXPOSED TURN OFF THE VACUUM FAN AND REMOVE THE PAPER FROM UNDER THE PLASTIC SCREEN THE PAPER IS NOW READY TO BE PROCESSED PLACE THE PAPER IN THE REAR PORTION OF THE CAMERA CHAMBER THE ROTATING PROCESSOR ROLLERS WILL PICK UP THE PAPER AND CHANNEL IT THROUGH THE DEVELOPING TANKS DEVELOPER FIX RINSE WASH TANKS PRODUCING A DRY FINISHED PHOTOGRAPHIC THE FINISHED PRINT WILL EXIT THE MACHINE ON THE EXTERIOR TOP REFERENCES Visual Graphics Corporation s Operation and Maintenance Manual Total Camera III Visual Graphics Corporation s How to Produce Halftones Line Conversions and Other Special Effects With Your VGC Camera Sanders Robert C Questioned Documents Photography Techniques The Evidence Photographer s International Council s Workshop Atlanta Ga April 13 thru 15 1980 pp 1 29 Young W Arthur Thomas A Benson George T Eaton Kodak s Copying and Duplication in Black and White and Color Publication M 1 1984 TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION 1 6 IHAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR_USING THE VISUAL GRAPHICS CORP TOTAL CAMERA III AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED DATED DAVID C
66. L The Examination and Preservation of Burned Documents Part 2 ICPR N 177 April 1964 pp 109 117 AUTHOR Enrique Calderon Garcia AGENCY LOCATION N A DATE N A KEY Charred Paper Chemical Testing Ink Composition Handling ABS Special Investigations Preservation Reading Conclusion Bibliography ARTICLE 1470 LAT REQUIRED YES or NO TOPIC 1 ee bd TTL Charred Documents Their Handling and Decipherment A Summary of Avaiable Methods for Treating Burnt Papers JCLCPS V 43 N 6 March April 1953 pp 812 826 AUTHOR Donald Doud AGENCY LOCATION AAFS Atlanta Georgia DATE March 6 8 1952 KEY History Development Techniques Photographic Visual Damaged ABS ARTICLE 795 WPL REQUIRED YES or NO TOPIC Questioned Documents TTL Recent Developments Reflected in the European Literature AUTHOR Jan Beck AGENCY Private Examiner LOCATION ASQDE Lexington Kentucky DATE August 1968 KEY Questioned Document Examination Document Examiner Foreign Journals ABS The author reviews significant articles published in the German journals during a five year period Mr Beck reviews articles written about the following topics 1 Criticism of Handwriting Expertise 2 Training Document Examiners 3 Handwriting Identification 4 Paper Analysis 5 Ink Analysis 6 Stroke Sequence Analysis 7 Charred Documents 8 Alcohol and Handwriting 9 Typewriting Identification
67. LENGTHS ABOVE THE CUT ON VALUE OF 480nm TRANSMITS GREEN YELLOW ORANGE RED LOOKS YELLOW BLOCKS UV VIOLET BLUE RULES FOR USING THE TWO WHEELS 9 5 1 WHEN YOU ONLY WANT TO USE WHEEL 1 SET WHEEL 2 TO ONE OF TWO MAX POWER SETTING YOU MAY THEN USE WHEEL 2 TO ADJUST THE INTENSITY BY ROTATING IT TOWARDS A SHUTTER POSITION 9 6 9 7 9 5 2 9 5 3 WHEN YOU ONLY WANT TO USE WHEEL 2 EDGE SHORTPASS LONGPASS FILTER SET WHEEL 1 TO 000 TO USE BOTH WHEELS COMBINE A BROAD BANDPASS FILTER FOR EXAMPLE CSS OR 575 WITH AN EDGE FILTER FOR EXAMPLE LP 480 FOR DOCUMENTS APPLICATIONS START WITH WHEEL 2 SET ON LP480 LP530 9 6 1 GO THRU ALL THE SETTINGS ON WHEEL 1 UNTIL A DESIRABLE RESULT IS FOUND 9 6 2 NEXT FINE TUNE USING THE BOTTOM WHEEL 1 FINE TUNE KNOB 9 6 3 THE BEST ANGLE FOR THE FLEXIBLE LIGHT GUIDE IS USUALLY 45 DEGREES FROM THE QUESTIONED DOCUMENT UNLESS OBLIQUE SIDE LIGHTING IS NEEDED IN ORDER TO SEE INDENTIONS 9 6 4 AT THIS POINT CAPTURE THE IMAGE USING THE DAGE MTI INFRARED VIDEO CAMERA AND THE IBIS DIGITAL COMPUTER SYSTEM LATERAL OUTPUT THE TWO PORTS ON THE LEFT SIDE ARE ULTRAVIOLET AND INFRARED ILLUMINATIONS 97 1 THE INFRARED BEAM 630mn 1100nm IS CONNECTED TO A ONE METER FIBER OPTIC BUNDLE SLIDING THE FIBER OPTIC BUNDLE 9 8 9 7 2 9 8 1 9 8 2 IN AND OUT ADJUSTED THE POWER THE UV OUTPUT PORT 280nm 380nm IS RECOMMENDED FOR PHOTOGRAPHY WITH CONCEN
68. MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION K SIGNED TITLE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION 11 ULTRAVIOLET REFLECTANCE IMAGING This type of imaging is used by the Questioned Documents Section to penetrate obliterated writing or view ink which has faded or is faint By exposing the questioned document to ultraviolet radiation U V lamps or the CS 16 crimescope the original text of the writing can be viewed In ultraviolet imaging as in infrared imaging use is made of invisible rays as distinguished from the visible rays of the spectrum Ultraviolet rays are beyond the visible violet rays and have the shortest wave lengths in the spectrum special filter U V is placed in front of the DAGE MTI infrared video camera lens that transmits only the ultraviolet radiation to the camera s tube This leaves a clear reproduction of the obscuring matter This type of imaging must be carried out in an area designed for this activity where one can control the type and intensity of lighting The following steps are used to produce ultraviolet reflected images 11 1 PLACE THE QUESTIONED DOCUMENT ON THE COPY STAND UNDER THE DAGE MTI 81 IR VIDEO CAMERA 11 1 1 BELOW IS THE TYPICAL COPYSTAND AND LIGHTING SETUP DAGE MTI DAGE MTI 81 IR VIDEO INFRARED gt CAMERA WITH CAMERA CS 16 LIGHT VISIBLE RADIATIO CRIMESCOPE SOURCE TRANSMITS U V 6S 16 U V AND VISIBLE RADIATION SUBJECT REMOTE FLEXIBLE ARM AND LIGHT GUID
69. NALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED C aS DATED 20 97 DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE OF THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY MY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION K SIGNED TITLE 1 22 1 1 22 2 1 22 3 N C SBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION 1 22 POWERPOINT SOFTWARE PowerPoint is a complete presentation graphics package Quickly create strong overheads paper handouts 35mm slide or computer screen presentations Augment your presentations with speaker s notes outline pages and audience handouts Can import materials created in Microsoft Word and Excel Quick Preview is a demonstration of PowerPoint features It is available under the help menu The preview is designed to give you a quick overview of the main features of PowerPoint so you can grasp how the soft ware works and what it can do Microsoft PowerPoint File Edit View Insert Format Tools Draw Window Help HEE BBE Help I g z ju Index Quick Preview Tip of the Day Cue Cards Technical Support About Microsoft PowerPoint Cue Cards are procedures that stay on your screen while you work giving you a brief step by step instruction on how to accomplish a task Cue Cards cover c
70. NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION CRIME LABORATORY DIVISION QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 Section 9 Table of Contents Volume Handwriting Hand Printing Numeral and Other Writings Typewritten Documents and Typewriters Typewriter Ribbons Correction Tapes and Fiber Impressions Inks and Writing Instruments Charred Documents Indented Writings Hand Stamps and Stamped Impressions Photocopied Documents Analysis of Photocopier Toners by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Procedure section 1 page 1 THE PROCEDURE FOR THE EXAMINATION OF HANDWRITING HAND PRINTING NUMERALS AND OTHER WRITINGS GENUINENESS 1 The analysis of writing begins with the examination of the questioned writing under natural light with the aide of a microscope and magnifier This examination is made to determine if it is a genuine writing and has not been produced by a machine such as a copier or printer refer to section on machine writing NATURAL WRITINGS 2 Once the writing has been ascertained to be genuine handwriting it is examined for naturalness The majority of all comparisons are predicated on the side by side evaluation of natural writings to known writing samples submitted for comparison Therefore the questioned writing is carefully scrutinized for tracings indentions and attempts to
71. NS SELECTIONS RELATES TO THE SIZE OF THE QUESTIONED DOCUMENT 35 81 2 INCHES X 11 INCHES OR A CHECK 55MM AN ENDORSEMENT OR SIGNATURE 105MM JUST ONE NAME OR SEVERAL LETTERS In order to acquire this image into the computer data base the following equipment must be turn on in the following order 3 4 1 Turn on the DAGE MTI Camera 3 4 2 Turn on the MTI TEC 1 Cooler 3 4 3 Turn on the Dage DPS 2000 3 4 4 Turn on the Sony Monitor Input A 3 4 5 Turn on the Personal Computer Use the Latent Pro 2 2 software package under the Continuous Acquire setting 3 5 1 Double click on the Latent Pro Graphic User Interface 3 5 2 Click on File Acquire Camera 3 5 3 3 5 4 3 5 5 3 5 6 3 5 7 3 5 8 Click on Configure Customize Imascan configuration Triggered Grab Setup Select Channel Association NTSC CV1 Enter OK Reset path OK Imascan configuration To bring in the Video feed use the forward button PJ To acquire or Freeze the image use the Red button Save this image File Save as a Tiff file in the New Images Directory 3 6 Then import this Tiff file into Adobe Photo Shop 5 5 soft ware 3 7 3 6 1 3 6 2 3 6 3 3 6 4 3 6 5 3 6 7 Click on the Photo Shop graphics user interface Open the Tiff file under the New Images directory Click on the Image toolbar Adjust Brightness and Contrast and Color Balance Click on the Filter toolbar Sharpen Unsh
72. NT ON THE CENTER OF THE COPY BOARD OF THE CAMERA THE GLASS COVER OF THE COPY BOARD IS CLOSED TO HOLD THE DOCUMENT IN PLACE THE COPY BOARD IS TURNED UP TO POSITION IT IN FRONT OF THE CAMERA LENS 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 1 2 BELOW IS A DRAWING OF THE TOTAL CAMERA III COPYBOARD KEY SWITCH MAIN ON OFF _ CAMERA FRAME LENSBOARD BEHIND VISUAL GRAPHICS S TOTAL CAMERA INORDER TO MAKE A 1 1 PHOTOGRAPH SET THE KEY PAD WHICH IS FOUND ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE CONTROL PANEL TO 100 PRESS THE ENLARGEMENT KEY AND THEN THE START KEY YOU CAN ALSO REDUCE DOWN TO 33 AND ENLARGE UP TO 300 WITH THIS CAMERA NEXT SET THE LENS APERTURE ON 22 AND ENTER 10 SECONDS ON THE TIMER KEY PAD AFTER MAKING ONE TEST PHOTOGRAPH YOU MAY WANT TO DARKEN THE NEXT PRINT BY SHORTENING THE EXPOSURE TIME OR LIGHTEN THE PRINT WITH A LONGER EXPOSURE TIME THE NEXT STEP IS TO LOAD THE PAPER OR FILM INSIDE THE CAMERA PHOTO HOUSING IS A FORMATTED PLASTIC SCREEN BEARING INDICATORS FOR VARIOUS SIZES OF PAPER AND FILM THE PLASTIC SCREEN IS DIVIDED IN HALF USING THE ARM ACCESS HOLES GRASP THE TOP OF 6 5 6 6 6 7 THE FRONT HALF OF THE SCREEN AND FOLD IT OVER 6 4 1 REMOVE THE APPROPRIATE SIZE OF PAPER FROM THE PAPER SAFE WHICH IS IN THE BACK OF THE CAMERA CHAMBER ALIGN THE PAPER USING THE PLACEMENT INDICATORS AND FOLD THE PLASTIC SCREEN DOWN 6 4 2 TURN ON THE VACUUM FAN WHICH IS ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE CONTROL PANE
73. OD DENSITY USE A NIKON 35MM 55MM OR A 105MM MACRO LENS 17 4 1 LENS SELECTIONS RELATES TO THE SIZE OF THE QUESTIONED DOCUMENT 35MM 81 2 INCHES X 11 INCHES OR A CHECK SSMM AN ENDORSEMENT OR SIGNATURE 105MM JUST ONE NAME OR SEVERAL LETTERS 17 5 BELOW IS THE ACQUIRE MENU FROM THE IBIS PROGRAM CLICK ON Acquire CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE Continuous Acquire Single Acquire Select Camera MANY TIMES IF THE IMAGE noe eee nee IS FAINT THE GATE VIDEO Clear Screen Acquire with Filter INPUT OPTION IS USED SET AT 2 OR 3 TOSTART WITH THIS PROCEDURE WILL INCREASE THE DENSITY OF THE IMAGE WITH THE DAGE CCD72 COOLED IR CAMERA YOU CAN GATE UP TO 12 800 FRAMES AT 30 FRAMES A SECOND THAT S MORE THAN SEVEN MINUTES OF INTEGRATION 17 6 NEXT USE THE CONTRAST MENU TO CHANGE THE CONTRAST OR BRIGHTNESS IN THE IMAGE Contrast lide and Stretch Auto Fit Inverse Equalizatio Binarize 17 6 1 SLIDE AND STRETCH WITH THIS SELECTION A SLIDER BAR IS ACTIVATED DISPLAYING VALUES OF 0 5 TO 3 0 UNITS OF DENSITY BY MOVING THE MOUSE THE DENSITY CAN BE PROPERLY ADJUSTED TO THE LEVEL NECESSARY TO DEPICT THE QUESTIONED WRITING THAT IS UNDER THE OBSCURING MATTER YOU THEN CLICK ON THE LEFT MOUSE BUTTON 17 6 2 AUTO FIT AUTOMATICALLY SELECTS WHAT THE COMPUTER FEELS IS THE CORRECT CONTRAST 17 6 3 INVERSE PRODUCES AN IMAGE WHICH IS A NEGATIVE IMAGE 17 7 NEXT SELECT THE SHARPEN OPTION NORMALLY JUST ONE CLICK ON SHARPEN WILL
74. ORSEMENT SECTION I 19 I HAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE DPS 2000 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS AND APPROVE THESE a PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF I TIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION DATED 21 47 DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE OF THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY MY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION SIGNED TITLE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION 20 OMNIPAGE PRO OCR SOFTWARE OCR is optical character recognition the process of transferring text from printed pages into an editable computer file without retyping A scanner is more than a copy machine simply transferring an image into the computer scanner translates a page into data by dividing up the image into millions of dots or bits usually 40 000 to 90 000 per square inch It then assigns a value to each dot depending upon wether it is inked partially inked or blank The composite document stored in your computer is the map of these dots or a bitmap Your computer sees this data not as editable text but as one bit mapped image editable only with image editing tools OCR is the process of translating this image into edible text Text characters are designe
75. R TO SECTION k SIGNED TITLE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION 1 4 TYPEWRITER RIBBON IMAGING This type of imaging is used by the Questioned Documents Section to show the information which is left on a typewriter ribbon after a document has been typed These ribbons may have several rows of typed characters and they be written left to right or right to left inverted and up or down depending on the machine This type of imaging must be carried out in an area designed for this activity where one can control the type and intensity of lighting Transmitted light form a light box works well with this type of imaging The following steps are used to produce typewriter ribbon images 41 PLACE THE QUESTIONED RIBBON ON TOP OF THE A LIGHT BOX WHICH IS ON THE COPY STAND UNDER THE DAGE MTI 81 IR VIDEO CAMERA 4 1 1 BELOW IS THE TYPICAL COPYSTAND AND LIGHTING SETUP DAGE MTI 81 IR VIDEO CAMERA WITH LIGHT BOX 42 TURN OFF THE OVERHEAD LIGHTS AND TURN ON THE LIGHT BOX LIGHTS ADJUST THE LENS OPENING IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE GOOD DENSITY 43 USING THE IBISSOFTWARE PACKAGE ON A 486 COMPUTER WITH AT LEAST 16 MB OF RAM ACQUIRE THIS IMAGE DIGITALLY ON CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE USE A NIKON 35MM MACRO LENS ON THE VIEDO CAMERA 4 4 BELOW IS THE ACQUIRE MENU FROM THE IBIS PROGRAM CLICK ON CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE Acquire Continuous Acquire Single Acquire Select Camera Gate Video Input Clear Screen Acquire with Filter 4
76. REBY DISCONTINUED BY MY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION K SIGNED TITLE Procedure Section 7 page 1 THE PROCEDURE FOR THE EXAMINATION OF HAND STAMPS AND STAMPED IMPRESSIONS Acquisition of stamp stamp pad and ink impression 1 The examination involves a direct comparison of the inked impression to the stamp and the examiner must have both before proceeding In addition The stamp pad and the ink used on the pad should also be acquired for examination when possible Examination of the ink pad 2 The ink pad is visually and microscopically examined for foreign matter debris or any agent on the pad which may cause a change in the inked impression An ink sample is removed from the pad and analyzed see section on ink analysis if needed Examination of the Stamp 3 The stamp is visually and microscopically examined to determine if the stamp is A a fixed die glued to a mount used for signatures names words etc B a moveable type die used for date and numbering stamps C an individual rubber die which are hand mounted to a holder The material which is used for the die is also visually examined to determine if the die is composed of rubber plastic metal wood or other material The manufacturer is determined contacted if warranted by the Examiner and information is obtained as to how the stamp was manufactured and m
77. THE IMAGE 10 6 1 PEEL THE BACKING FROM THE SHEET OF 10 7 TRANSPARENT ADHESIVE FILM AND CAREFULLY LAY THE FILM OVER THE DEVELOPED IMAGES 10 6 2 TAKE CARE TO AVOID THE INCLUSION OF AIR BUBBLES 10 6 3 RUB FIRMLY OVER THE SURFACE WITH A WAD OF COTTON WOOL OR TISSUE PAPER TO ENSURE GOOD ADHESION BETWEEN THE TWO FILMS 10 6 4 PEEL THE FIXED TRANSPARENCY FORM THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENT THE CASCADE DEVELOPER IN THE CATCH TRAY CAN BE RECOVERED AND REUSED BY TILTING THE TRAY REFERENCES Foster amp Freeman Ltd ESDA Operating Instructions Robert C Sanders Questioned Documents Photography Techniques The Evidence Photographer s International Council s Workshop Atlanta Ga April 13 thru 15 1980 pp 7 8 C DOCUMENT ESDA WPD ESDA Certification Log Certified by A esda certification log wpd TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION 1 10 IHAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE ELECTRO STATIC INDENTED WRITING APPARATUS AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED DATED DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS
78. THE SOBEL PHASE OR HORIZONTAL VERTICAL LAPLACIAN AND ROBERS FILTERS AS SUBMENU CHOICES 14 5 THE CONTRAST MENU IS USED TO CHANGE THE CONTRAST OR BRIGHTNESS IN AN IMAGE USING PIXEL REDISTRIBUTION OPERATIONS Contrast lide and Stretch Auto Fit Inverse Equalizatio Binarize 14 5 1 SLIDE AND STRETCH WITH THIS SELECTION YOU WILLACTIVATE A SLIDER BAR DISPLAYING VALUES FROM 0 5 TO 3 0 BY MOVING THE MOUSE WITH NO BUTTONS PRESSED UNTIL YOU GET THE DESIRED VALUE CLICK THE LEFT BUTTON ON THE MOUSE AND THE CHANGES WILL BE APPLIED TO YOUR IMAGE 14 5 2 AUTO FIT WILL GENERALLY PRODUCE A BRIGHTER HIGHER CONTRAST IMAGE 14 5 3 INVERSE PRODUCES A IMAGE WHICH LOOKS MUCH LIKE A PHOTOGRAPHIC NEGATIVE 14 6 IN THIS MENU YOU CAN ZOOM INTO THE IMAGE POSITION THE CURSOR WHERE DESIRED ON THE IMAGE PRESS THE RIGHT Manipulations Zoom BUTTON TO ZOOM IN AND THE LEFT BUTTON Scale TO ZOOM OUT THE ZOOMED IMAGE CENTERS Interpolation ON THE CURSOR POSITION EACH ZOOM IS 2X Rotate MAGNIFICATION ZOOM OUT 2 4 8 AND Flip 16 YOU CAN ZOOM IN 2 4 AND 10 Mirror Subtraction Average 14 6 1 SCALE BY USING THIS SELECTION Y0U CAN SCALE THE IMAGE 14 6 2 14 6 3 14 6 4 14 6 5 14 6 6 14 6 7 INTERPOLATION PERFORM LOGICAL OR OPERATIONS BETWEEN AN IMAGE AND MATHEMATICAL CONSTANT ROTATE THE IMAGE WILL ROTATE 45 DEGREES WITH EACH PUSH OF THE MOUSE FLIP THIS WILL FILP
79. TICLES Todd Abnormal Handwriting Identification News Vol 16 No 2 Feb 66 Cromwell D Some Problems Associated with the Examination of Allegedly Deteriorated Signatures unpublished technical paper Naftali A Behavior Factors in Handwritin Identification Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 56 No 4 Dec 65 Hilton 0 Influence of Age and Illness on Handwritin Identification Problems Forensic Science Vol 9 1977 Tholl J Competence and Questioned Documents Identification News Vol 15 No 3 Mar 65 Hilton 0 Handwriting and the Mentally 11 Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 7 No 1 Jan 62 English J M Clinical Response in Handwriting to Medical Treatment for Parkinsonism unpublished technical paper Davis D B Writing after Loss of Favored Hand unpublished technical paper Winchester J Effect of Age Upon Learning to Write unpublished technical paper Kelly J H Effects of Artificial Aids and Prostheses on Signatures unpublished technical paper jellomy D Case of Forgery by an Alleged Multi personalitv Subject unpublished technical paper Hilton 0 Consideration of the Writer s Health in Identifyin Signatures and Detectin Forgery Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 14 No 2 Apr 69 Todd Handwriting of the Blind Identification News Vol 15 No 1 Jan 65 7 Beacom M S Handwriting by the Blin
80. TRATED UV ILLUMINATION SLIDE PUSHED IN UV IS OFF SLIDE PUSHED OUT UV IS ON CS IR TUNE INSTRUCTIONS MONOCHROMATOR DEVICE THE CS IR TUNE IS A TUNABLE INFRARED ACCESSORY FOR THE CRIMESCOPE CS 16 THE PRIMARY APPLICATION IS FOR DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN THE SUBTLE DIFFERENCES IN INKS THIS EXAM IS CONDUCTED IN COMPLETE DARKNESS WITH THE INFRARED VIDEO CAMERA AND NO FILTER IN FRONT OF THE LENS INSTALL THE 1mm SLITS ON THE MAIN BOX IN THE SLOTS CONNECT THE SHINY IR FIBER OPTIC BUNDLE TO THE IR PORT ON THE SIDE OF THE CS 16 MAXIMUM INTENSITY PUSH IT ALL THE WAY 9 8 3 9 8 4 TO REDUCE INTENSITY PULL THE BUNDLE OUT THE CENTER WAVELENGTH IS CONTROLLED WITH THE MANUAL KNOB NOTE WHEN THE COUNTER DISPLAYS A VALUE THE ACTUAL WAVELENGTH IS TWICE THAT AMOUNT FOR A VALUE OF 300 ON THE COUNTER THE WAVELENGTH COMING OUT IS 600nm THE BEST WAVELENGTH RANGE FOR FORGED DOCUMENTS IS 560nm TO 1100mn WHICH MEANS YOU SHOULD ALWAYS SCAN THE COUNTER FROM 280nm 450nm FOR EACH SAMPLE REFERENCES Barnes David Document Processing System User s Manual IBIS Imaging Systems Hilton Ordway New Dimensions in Infrared Luminescence Photography Journal of Forensics Sciences JFSCA Vol 26 No 2 April 1981 pp 319 324 Kodak s Applied Infrared Photography Publication M 28 1972 edition pp 51 57 Kodak s Kodak Infrared Films Publication N 17 1981 edition pp 2 7 Sa
81. USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIG ON FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION DATED 11202 9 DAVID D SUPERVISING CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE OF THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY MY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION K SIGNED TITLE
82. Varying Effects of Alcohol on Handwritin unpublished technical paper Doud D Some Pitfalls in Testimony Relatin to Alcohol Consumption and Handwriting unpublished technical paper 57 Ke S Effects of Intoxication on Handwriting Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 56 No 3 Sep 65 Geseil H J E Drugs and Questioned Document Problems Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 6 No l Jan 61 Purtell D J Effects of Drugs on Handwriting Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 10 No 3 Jul 65 Hilton 0 Study of the Influence of Alcohol on Handwritin uay OF the Influence of Alcohol on Handwriting Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 14 No 3 Jul 69 Tholl J Competence and Questioned Documents Forensic Medicine Vol 31 No 32 Mar 62 PER Harris J J Questioned Document Examiner Looks at A hasia Its Sse HOocument Exa Accompanying Handwriting Disorders and Resulting Case Problems unpublished technical paper Beacom M S Handwriting by Aphasics unpublished technical paper Duke D M and Coldwell B B Blood Alcohol Levels and Handwritin an EVENS Handwriting unpublished technical paper A Hirsch H W Jarvik M E and Abramson H A Lysergic Acid Diethylamide LSD 25 XVIII Effects of LSD 25 and Six Related Drugs Upon Handwritim Journal of Psychology Vol 41 1956 i Legge D Steinbert H and Summerfield A Simple Measures of Handw
83. X DIRECTION 8 KNURLED KNOB FOR THE ADJUSTMENT IN Y DIRECTION 9 KNURLED KNOB FOR THE VERTICAL ADJUSTMENT OF THE OBJECT STAGE 10 BASEPLATE 11 KNURLED KNOB FOR TURNING IN THE HALF STOPS 14 CARRIER RAIL WITH TUBE CARRIER 15 ARRESTING LEVER FOR THE VERTICAL ADJUSTMENT OF THE COMPARISON BRIDGE USING THE IBIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE ON A 486 COMPUTER WITH AT LEAST 16 MB OF RAM ACQUIRE THIS IMAGE DIGITALLY ON CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE 8 8 1 UNDER THE SELECT CAMERA OPTION SELECT THE RS 170 BELOW IS THE ACQUIRE MENU FROM THE IBIS PROGRAM CLICK ON CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE Acquire Continuous Acquire Single Acquire Select Camera Gate Video Input Clear Screen Acquire with Filter MANY TIMES IF THE IMAGE IS FAINT THE GATE VIDEO INPUT OPTION IS USED SET AT 2 OR 3 TOSTART WITH THIS PROCEDURE WILL INCREASE THE DENSITY OF THE IMAGE 8 10 USE THE CONTRAST MENU TO CHANGE THE CONTRAST OR BRIGHTNESS IN THE IMAGE 8 10 1 8 10 2 8 10 3 Contrast lide and Stretch Auto Fit Inverse Equalizatio SLIDE AND STRETCH WITH THIS SELECTION A SLIDER BAR IS ACTIVATED DISPLAYING VALUES OF 0 5 TO 3 0 UNITS OF DENSITY BY MOVING THE MOUSE CLICK ON THE LEFT MOUSE BUTTON WHEN DESIRED DENSITY IS OBTAINED AUTO FIT AUTOMATICALLY SELECTED WHAT THE COMPUTER FEELS IS THE CORRECT CONTRAST INVERSE PRODUCES AN IMAGE WHICH IS A NEGATIVE IMAGE 8 11 SELECT THE SHARPEN OPTION NORMALLY ONE CLICK ON SHARPEN IS SUFFI
84. a designed for this activity which has good ventilation Below is a photograph of the ESDA machine CASCADE DEVELOPER YACUUM BED IMAGING FILM CORONA UNIT PUMP SWITCH ON OFF SWITCH FOR THE CORONA The following steps are used to detect and decipher indented writing with the ESDA machine 10 1 TURN ON THE PUMP SWITCH 10 2 PLACE THE DOCUMENT ON THE VACUUM BED 10 2 1 GLOVES SHOULD BE USED AS THE ESDA DEVELOPS FRESH FINGERPRINTS AS WELL AS INDENTATIONS 10 3 DRAW A SUFFICIENT LENGTH OF THE IMAGING FILM FROM 10 4 10 5 10 6 THE REEL TO COMPLETELY COVER THE WHOLE VACUUM BED 10 3 1 LOWER THE FILM ONTO THE DOCUMENT TAKING CARE TO MINIMIZE CREASES IN THE FILM ANY WRINKLES WHICH ARE FORM CAN USUALLY BE REMOVED BY GENTLY PULLING AT THE SIDE OF THE FILM 10 3 2 THE SURFACE OF THE FILM ABOVE THE DOCUMENT SHOULD NOT BE TOUCHED AS THESE MARKS WILL ALSO BE DEVELOPED 10 3 3 CUT THE FILM FROM THE REEL AT THE BACK OF THE VACUUM BED SWITCH THE CORONA SWITCH ON 10 4 1 PASS THE CORONA UNIT BACKWARDS AND FORWARDS ABOVE THE DOCUMENT FOR TWO OR THREE TIMES 10 4 2 CAUTION THE CORONA UNIT CONTAINS A HIGH VOLTAGE WIRE HANDLE WITH CARE DO NOT TOUCH THE CORONA WIRE 10 4 3 TURN THE CORONA OFF RAISE THE VACUUM BED TO A SLIGHT ANGLE 10 5 1 POUR THE CASCADE DEVELOPER ONTO THE SLOPING SURFACE SO THAT IT FLOWS OVER THE RELEVANT AREA OF THE DOCUMENT CONTINUE UNTIL A SUITABLE IMAGE IS OBTAINED FIXING
85. all amount of sample and a fourier transform infrared spectrometer equipped with and infrared microscope Sample Preparation The sample can be easily collected using a stereo microscope fine point tweezers sharp 11 scalpel and glass slides that have been cleaned of oils and contaminates A SpectroTech sample roller single edge razor blade a sample holder and a KBr pellet of the proper size and thickness will also be needed for the mounting and analysis of the samples The examiner will want to collect toner from more than one area on the document Using the stereo microscope select several areas on the document where the toner is thickest Carefully shave some toner off the paper at the first area being careful not to collect any paper fibers Transfer the collected toner to a clean glass slide and label or number the slide so as to have a record of where the sample was collected Repeat the process until the examiner has collected toner samples from several areas of the document Using the SpectroTech sample roller flatten the sample and make the it as thin as possible Clean the surface of the roller and repeat the process until all collected samples have flattened as thin as much as possible Use the single edge razor blade to remove the flattened samples from the glass slide and transfer them to the KBr pellet At this point it will be necessary to make a diagram of the surface of the KBr pellet so as to indicate where each sample is
86. aluation as the Examiner must now study this writing in detail and determine the degree of natural features present More standards may be required at this point before an analysis is continued COMPARISON OF QUESTIONED TO KNOWN WRITING 6 The Document Examiner once satisfied as to the known and questioned writing as described above will now carefully study both writings to determine the habits baseline characteristics spacing format line quality letter formation writing skill pen pressures range of variations uniqness of style flourishes and accidentals When a detailed analysis of the features has been accomplished then a side by side comparison is made by the Examiner Procedure section 1 page 3 Questioned to Known writing and a conclusion is reached which can be demonstrated and supported by various combinations of these features and characteristics CONCLUSIONS 7 Numerous conclusions or combinations of conclusions can be reported from analysis of writing as follows A An Identification in which the Examiner has identified an indiviual s as the author of the Questioned writing s B A High Probable where the Examiner is virtually certain that the an indivdual s is the author of a Questioned writing s C A Probable is rendered when the evidence supports that it is likely that an indiviual s is the author of the Questioned writing s D A Can Not Be Identified or Eliminated is self explanatory a
87. anufacturing flaws Procedure Section 7 Page 2 which did or could have occurred during production stamp is then examined in microscopic detail for the presence of any defects flaws cuttings nicks alterations or debris which could affect the stamped impression When possible and if warranted these characteristics are classified as intentional accidental or due to wear Photographs or Ibis images should be made of identifying class and unique features present The Examiner should also determine how the impression was made with regard to the direction and pressure of the stamp as it impacted the surface uneven pressure angle of pressure other than perpendicular rolling or twisting motion excessive pressure The surface under the stamped document can also effect the impression and consideration should be given to this fact and noted if observable Comparison of stamp to ink impression 4 Sufficient inked impressions should be made using the suspect stamp ink pad and type of ink when possible and the characteristics noted These features are compared to the ink impression s in question to see if they can be duplicated and if the stamp produced the impression in question Instrumentation 5 The procedures for the use of the Ibis imaging system light photography and ink analysis are referenced in this manual each under it s own respective section Procedure Section 7 Page 3 Safety Equipment Ink analysis involving s
88. area of the sample to be analyzed is under the view window Then switch the microscope back to IR Move cursor to INSTRUMENT and click Pull down to SCAN and click The scan window will appear Click on SAMPLE and then on OK The computer will ask if you wish to overwrite the data region which already exists Click on OVERWRITE The instrument will begin scanning the sample When scanning is complete several data commands can be used to improve the quality of the spectrum For information concerning the data commands see the IR Data Manager User s Manual located in the FTIR room The spectrum can be plotted by clicking on FILE Pull down to and click on PLOT Load paper in the plotter and click on OK To store the spectrum click on the bow tie symbol in the upper left hand corner of the spectrum This will minimize the spectrum to the data region Double click on the data region and find the file inside the data region that you want to save Click on that file and hold Drag it to the DRIVE A icon and release it Press OK if the title is acceptable and the spectrum will be saved on the A DRIVE Note that a disc must be in the A DRIVE Spectrum For Windows software Move cursor to INSTRUMENT and click Pull down to SCAN BACKGROUND and click to make the SCAN BACKGROUND window appear The operator can determine the filename and parameters as dictated by each sample When the filename and parameters are correct click on OK The backgrou
89. arizer SET WAVELENGTH VariSpec VSC i I ENTER Se e The VariSpec filter electronics contral module L 21 1 L 21 2 1 21 3 1 21 4 Press the key to the filter To use the Varispec filter system turn on the power of the filter controller An initialization sequence will take a minute to place the filter in a known state Press the SET WAVELENGTH button on the key pad Using the key pad type in the wavelength number in NM enter activate INFRARED CCD 72 lt TEC 1 COOLER LENS VARISPEC FILTER INFRARED AND VISIBLE RADIATION Z CONTRAL SUBJECT INFRARED FIBER OPTIC 1 BUNDLE D KEYPAD DAGE MTI CCD 72 COOLED CAMERA AND THE YARISPEC FILTER SYSTEM Copystand setup using the Varispec filter system 1 21 5 This image then used ibis imaging software system by way of the Dage MTI CCD 72 camera Ref 1 17 REFERENCES Varispec Tunable Filter User s Manual Cambridge Research amp Instraumentaion Inc dated 7 15 96 revision 4 1 May 1995 21 Erie Street Cambridge MA 02139 C document varispec wpd L CHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION 1 21 I HAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE VARISPEC TUNABLE IMAGING FILTER OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC A
90. arp mask Click on the Image toolbar Size to adjust the print size Save this final image under the File toolbar In order to print this image go to the File toolbar Print Setup 3 7 1 3 7 2 Select the Kodak DS 8650PS color printer Select either a Portrait or Landscape shaped print 3 7 3 Be sure that the Postscript Color Management box is checked 3 7 4 Print the image REFERENCES Barnes David Document Processing System User s Manual IBIS Imaging Systems Kodak s Applied Infrared Photography Publication M 28 1972 edition pp 51 57 Hilton Ordway Scientific Examination of Documents Callaghan amp Company 1956 p 117 Harrison Wilson Suspect Documents Their Scientific Examination London Sweet amp Maxwell Limited 1966 p 112 c myfiles project1 2002 ircharred wpd TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION 1 3 IHAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR CHARRED DOCUMENTS IMAGING AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED DATED DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFE
91. as much consideration to maintaining the integrity of the evidence as possible The cuttings are placed in a one dram vial The areas from which the cuttings are taken should be noted for possible court explanation Another method for removal of the ink s from the writing line is to use a blunt hypodermic needle and to carefully punch out eight micro plugs using a rubber pad as a support backing pad under the document The Plugs are placed in a one dram vial This method provides a cleaner sampling when limited amount of ink is available A third method used when non porous surfaces such as glass or metal are involved is direct extraction and spotting Six microliter of extracting solvent are placed on the ink s the allowed to dissolve and the solution pipetted from the surface The pipette can then be used to spot the Silica gel plate The extracting solvents used for the above methods are as follows for ball point pens use pyridine for water based inks use a 1 1 mixture of ethanol and water for solvent based inks use pyridine Procedure Section 4 Page 3 Draw approximately six microliter of the extracting solvent into a ten microliter pipette Place the solvent into the one dram vial containing the ink sample and allow it to dissolve the ink Thin layer chromatography development 3 Pipette the ink solution from the vial s using a ten microliter pipette and spot the TLC plate E Merck Silica Gel 60 Glass Plate The plates are
92. bbon Number 122 ARTICLE TOPIC 1 TTL 1 AUTHOR AGENCY DATE KEY ABS the 671 WPL REQUIRED YES or NO Typewriter Ribbons Methods of Associating Typewriter Ribbons and Correcting Tapes with a Questioned Text JFS V 34 N 5 September 1989 pp 1183 1195 F James Gerhart FBI Laboratory LOCATION ASQDE Denver Colorado September 10 14 1988 Typwriter Ribbon Association Correcting Tape Modern electronic typewriters are difficult to associate with a questioned text because they do not develop the defects through use typewriter ribbon system which is the most abundant source of characteristics whereby a typewriter could be associated with a particular questioned typewritten text The distinctive characterist ics found on the ribbon do not depend upon developed defects END OF ARTICLE TOPIC TTL AUTHOR AGENCY 1384 REQUIRED YES or NO Typewriting The Differentiation of Pica Monotone Typewriting IPSA V 4 N 2 1976 pp 134 178 David A Crown U S DEPARTMENT OF STATE LOCATION N A DATE KEY ABS N A ribbon semi gothic italic serifs microtype primer In the questioned document laboratory there are basically three different types of examinations requested which relate to type writing 1 the identification or elimination of a Specific typewriter as the machine used to
93. cience Vol amp 5 No 3 Sep Oct 54 Somerford A W Comparison ot Writing Inks by Paper Chromatography Journal ot Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 43 No 1 May Jun 52 Moon H W Electrophoretic Identification of Felt Tip Pen Inks Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 25 No 1 Jan 80 Sehgal N and Aggarwal Moditied Method for Beta Ray Radiography Using C 14 Methacrylate 5 Sheet International Criminal Police Review No 325 Feb 79 Buquet A New Techniques tor the Detection of Alterations in Documents Forensic Science Vol 10 1977 Graham D and Gray H C The Use of X Ray Electronography and Autoelectronography in Forensic Sciences Vol 11 No 2 Apr 66 Kuhn R J An Apparatus for the Generation of Soft X Rays Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 6 No 2 Apr 61 Nag N K Basak N and Mazumder T The Role of Radiology the Identification ot Forged Notes Journal of Police Science and Administration Vol 2 No 3 Sep 74 Brunelle R L Washington W D Hoffman C M and Pro M J Uses of Heutron Activation Analysis for the Characterization of Paper Journal of the Association ot Analytical Chemists Vol 54 No 4 Lob 102 Umm 3 Kelly J D and Cantu A A Proposed Standard Methods for Ink s Identification Journal of the Association of Analytical Chemists Vol 58 No 1 1975 Zoro J A and Totty R N The Application
94. create a presentation Select the AutoContent Wizard s option button The AutoContent Wizard will prompt you to make a title slide and then leads you through choosing a presentation category You will get an outline that reflects the category you have chosen Type your own ideas over the sample text in the outline Switch to Slide view to see your slides 1 22 8 c Refine your presentation To change you presentations look editing the text changing colors changing the order of slides use the Pick a Look Wizard button 1 22 8 d Preview your presentation on screen preview your show by clicking the Slide Show button at the bottom of the PowerPoint window Click the mouse button to advance the slides manually DODO SLIDESHOW BUTTON 1 22 8 d Save and Print your presentation Before printing your presentation it is a good idea to save it using the Save command on the File menu When you use the Pick a look wizard PowerPoint sets the output format for you All you need to do is choose the Print dialog box choose what you want to print to print a hard copy REFFERENCES Microsoft Corp Microsoft PowerPoint The Most Popular Presentation Graphics Program Version 4 0 1994 Microsoft Corporation c document powerp1 wpd rE CHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION I 22 I HAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE POWERPOINT SOFTWARE PACKAGE AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR
95. d Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 12 No 1l Jan 67 1 Epstein G The Behavioral Sciences and Forensic Questioned ee Oras eciences and us Q Document Examination A Need to Co Exist unpublished technical nana m technical paper Puri D K S A Study of jMental Aptitude While Writing Under Duress Identification News Vol 30 No 5 May 80 McNally J P Signatures Under Stress unpublished technical paper Morton S E and Truman V R A Comparison of Scrawled to Normal Signatures unpublished technical paper Morton S E How Does Crowding Affect Signatures Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 25 No 1 Jan 80 Mathyer J The Influence of Writin Instruments on Handwritin and R nstruments on Handwriting and Signatures Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 60 No 1 1969 Nemecek J Handwriting Under Hypnosis unpublished technical paper Gajwani A K and Sukerkar N V Characteristics of Automatic Writing During a State of Trance Forensic Science Vol 3 1974 Lacy G J Handwriting and Forgery Under H nosis Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Vol 34 No 5 Jan 44 McCarthy J F Handwriting and the Use of Alcohol An Overview of a Dilemma unpublished technical paper Foley R G and Miller A L The Effects of Marijuana and Alcohol Usage Handwritin Forensic Science International Vol 14 1979 Anderson G J
96. d by assigning a code corresponding to the keys on the keyboard to each letter number or symbol The most common code set is the ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange table of character equivalents Caere Omnipage is a page recognition program that incorporates feature analysis OCR technology Feature analysis OCR analyzes individual character features rather than trying to match shapes as the matrix matching method did File Edit Format Process Settings Window 1 20 1 1 20 2 text 1 20 1 Select the Settings Click the drop down list under each process button and select these options Scan Image Auto Zones Perform OCR Scan the Page Place the page into the scanner making sure it is aligned correctly Click the AUTO button or choose auto in the Process menu Automatically drawn zones appear on the image to show how will be ordered OmniPage makes three recognition passes over the page cyan light blue and dark blue OmniPage opens the recognized page in a maximized text window Choose TILE VERTICAL in the Windows menu so that you can see both the zone and text windows OmniPage Pro UNTITLED TMP File Edit Format Process Settings Window Help Soe E 2 2118 AUTO Scan Image AutoZones ej Pero Se E3 e 21188156 Text Window Zone Window Peke GESA eee ELT mcum TH
97. d click Pull down to INST And click The instrument will initialize and the Instrument Accessories window will appear Make sure TGS is highlighted and click on OK Move cursor back to INSTRUMENT and click Pull down to SCAN MODE and click The scan mode window will appear Make sure GAIN is on one and click on OK Move cursor to INSTRUMENT and click Pull down to MONITOR and click When Monitor window appears click on ENERGY and then click on OK Read the maximum value of the energy and record it in the user log under internal energy Click on EXIT Click on INSTRUMENT Pull down to INST and click Click on INT MCT to switch to the external detector Click on OK A toners wpd Click on INSTRUMENT and pull down to MONITOR and click Click on ENERGY and then click on OK Read the maximum value of the energy and record it in the user log under external energy Click on EXIT Remove the fixed apertures from the microscope and replace them with the adjustable apertures Switch the microscope back to view Data can now be collected Spectrum for Windows Software Move the cursor to SPECTRUM FOR WINDOWS icon and double click Login Move cursor to SETUP and click Pull down to INSTRUMENT and click The INSTRUMENT SETUP window will appear Click on the BEAM icon and make sure that the internal beam TGS detector is selected Click on UPDATE Make sure that the SCAN MODE GAIN is one and click on UPDATE Move cursor to INSTRUMENT an
98. d click Pull down to MONITOR and click Select ENERGY and click on OK Record the maximum value in the user log under internal energy Click on HALT gt Move the cursor to SETUP and click Pull down to INSTRUMENT and click Click on the BEAM icon Select INTERNAL MCT detector for the external beam and click on UPDATE Click on UPDATE to remove the INSTRUMENT SETUP window Move cursor to INSTRUMENT and click Pull down to MONITOR and click Select ENERGY and click on OK Record the maximum value in the user log under external energy and click on Halt Remove the fixed apertures and replace them with the adjustable apertures Switch the microscope back to view Data can now be collected Collection and Storage of Data Adjust the stage so that the sample can be viewed under the microscope Adjust the apertures as dictated by the sample Adjust the stage so that the sample moves out of the aperture window to expose only the KBr disc Then switch the microscope from view to IR IRDM Software A toners wpd Move cursor to INSTRUMENT and click Pull down to SCAN and click Scan window will appear Click on BACKGROUND Press backspace on the keyboard to delete the title window and type in your own title The other parameters may be set to the operator s choosing Click on OK and the instrument will begin scanning the backeround When back round is complete switch the microscope from IR to view and adjust the stage so that the exact
99. dried for fifteen minutes at 150 degrees centigrade and developed in a Solvent System I ethyl acetate ethanol distilled water 70 35 30 for approximately 15 minutes to allow migration and separation of visible dye constituents infrared luminescent components and ultraviolet fluorescent components 1 The TLC plates are allowed to air dry and then compared This method can be used to identify formula as to its manufacturer and formula code based on known standards retained on file in the Ink Library at he Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms in Rockville Maryland It is also used to detect alterations where a different ink was used to make additions to the original writing REFERENCES FOR LESSON 20 INK BOOKS Osborn S Questioned Documents Chapter 25 Conway J V P Evidential Documents Chapter Writing Materials pp 167 178 y 1 N Harrison W R Suspect pocuments Chapter 2 pp 12 24 and Chapter 5 pp 114 125 and 132 136 Hilton O Scientific Examination of Documents Chapter 3 pp 37 43 and Chapter 7 pp 132 133 Lundquist F Methods of Forensic Science Chapter The Examination and Identification of Inks O Hara C E and Osterburg J W An Introduction to Criminalistics Chapters 34 and 36 Harrison W R Forgery Detection paragraphs 8 01 thru 8 38 8 59 thru 8 60 i TECHNICAL ARTICLES Crown D Brunelle R L and Cantu A The Parameters of Ballpen Ink
100. ed requires the comparison of the features on the photocopy produced by a copy machine that can be identified as having originated from that machine or features found on another subsequent photocopy produced by the same machine Although photocopies can be compared one to the other they can be altered and the suspect machine should be examined when possible Examinations for copy machine flaws 1 The questioned photocopy is first examined macroscopically and microscopically for alterations in the copied document and for flaws occurring during the copy process This examination is accomplished using a microscope and typewriter alignment plates grids The document is inspected using the typewriter alignment plates to measure the horizontal and vertical alignment of the typed text portion The document is next examined visually and microscopically for any machine produced indentations gripper marks or trash marks denoting class and individual characteristics of the copy machine These characteristics should then be noted identified and photocopied or photographed as needed Examination of the copy machine 2 If sufficient characteristics are found for comparison the copy machine should be examined to conclude that it can produce these characteristics and the cause Procedure Section 8 Page 2 Photocopies are made for comparison and examined to determine of any of the identifying characteristics are transitional or accidental Compa
101. ene on the calibration log under STANDARD Move cursor to INSTRUMENT and click Pull down to SCAN SAMPLE and click The SCAN SAMPLE window will appear Name the FILENAME the same way as before when naming the background Set the parameters the same as well When the parameters are correct click on OK The instrument will scan the sample and upon completion the computer will ask if you wish to overwrite the background Click on OVERWRITE twice Move the cursor to PROCESS and click Pull down to PEAK TABLE and click Set the THRESHOLD at 2 00 START at 4000 1 cm end at 450 1 cm and select FIND PEAKS Click on OK Look for the reference band that corresponds to the highest wavenumber peak for polystyrene 3082 18 1 cm and record it in the calibration log If the recorded value is less than 0 3 1 cm away from 3082 18 1 cm then the instrument is calibrated and needs no further adjustments If the instrument should need adjusting refer to the FTIR user manuals FTIR Safety Concerns The instrument must be disconnected from all voltage sources before it is opened for any adjustment replacement maintenance or repair Any adjustment maintenance and or repair of the opened operating instrument shall be carried out only by a skilled person who is aware of the hazard involved Liquid Nitrogen can burn skin and eyes Safety glasses lab coats and gloves should be worn when transporting or handling liquid nitrogen The FTIR utili
102. ents Section to bring two separated images into the same field of view so that the magnified images may be compared for size color texture composition and shape Imaging is accomplished by attaching a color Panasonic Digital 5000 video camera to the Wild 78 and acquiring the image digitized with the Ibis software and the Ibis 486 computer system This type of imaging must be carried out in an area designed for this activity where one can control the type and intensity of lighting The type of lighting normally used is fiber optics light tubes or small adjustable quartz lights The following steps are used to produce images from the Leitz Comparison MACRO SCOPE 8 1 PLACE THE QUESTIONED DOCUMENT ON TO THE OBJECT STAGE 8 2 TURN ON THE PANASONIC DIGITAL 5000 VIDEO CAMERA 8 3 TURN ON THE ADJUSTABLE QUARTZ LIGHTS 8 4 ADJUST THE OBJECT STAGES WITH THE CONTROL KNOB FIG 8 amp 9 SO THAT ABOUT HALF THE SETTING RANGE OF THE RACK AND PINION MOTION IS UTILIZED 8 5 PLACE FLAT IDENTICAL OBJECTS OF HIGH DIFFUSED REFLECTIONS e g COINS ON THE OBJECT STAGES 8 6 8 7 8 5 1 SWITCH ON THE LIGHTS AND DIRECT THEM ROUGHLY AT THE CENTER OF THE STAGES FOCUS THE IMAGES BELOW IS A PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING THE DIFFERENT CONTROLS OF THE WILD MZ8 1 TWIN COLUMN 2 BINOCULAR PHOTO TUBE 3 COMPARISON BRIDGE 4 QUADRUPLE REVOLVING NOSEPIECE 8 8 8 9 5 QUARTZ LAMP 6 OBJECT STAGE 7 KNURLED KNOB FOR ADJUSTMENT IN
103. er samples are ready for analysis Revision Date 5 79 Approved 2 C OFFICE WPWIN WPDOCS ASCLD TONERS NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION L1 INFRARED REFLECTANCE IMAGING This type of imaging is used by the Questioned Documents Section to remove obscuring matter such as bank stamps white out obliterated writing of any sort when the ink is transparent to infrared light By exposing the questioned document to infrared radiation quartz lights photo floods crimescope CS 16 we can remove this obscuring matter In infrared imaging use is made of the invisible infrared rays as distinguished from the visible rays of the spectrum A special filter 780nm or a Kodak Wratten 87 is placed in front of the DAGE MTI infrared video camera lens to exclude the visible rays and allow only the infrared rays to reach the camera tube This leaves a clear reproduction of the obscured matter This type of imaging must be carried out in an area designed for this activity where one can control the type and intensity of lighting The following steps are used to produce infrared reflected images 1 1 PLACE THE QUESTIONED DOCUMENT ON THE COPY STAND UNDER THE DAGE MTI 81 IR VIDEO CAMERA 1 1 1 BELOW IS THE TYPICAL COPYSTAND AND LIGHTING DAGE MI UN SETUP VIDEO CAMERA 780nm FILTER DAGE MTI P RADIATION CRIMESCOPE 81 IR VIDEO TRANSMITS I R CS 16 CAMERA WITH CRIMESCOPE INFRARED AND VISIBLE RADIATION CS 16 LIGHT SOURCE
104. erification window opens can still edit the word if this window is open Click anywhere outside the Verification window to close it Click the Bold button in the text window The text becomes bold Experiment with the other tools in the text window to see how affect your text Check Recognition the True Page Sample has black crisp text on a clean white background and so should have few if any recognition errors Check Recognition however also allows you to add words to your user dictionary as well as correct recognition errors Click on the text window to make it active Click the Check Recognition button or choose Check Recognition in the Edit menu the check recognition window appears It displays the image and text of any questionable or unrecognizable word EEA Ee Bias L lt m Check Recognition OmniPage Profess Hot in Dictionary OmmPage Change To f s Image Bitmap set of editing tools in our Image Assistant editing package Image Assistant features are highlighted 1 20 14 Correct any errors the text if words are misspelled correct the spelling in the change to edit box and click change Select a word in the list and click change to replace the word in the text Alternatively type the proper word in the change to edit box if the word is correct click Add to add the word to the User Dictionary The word will still be
105. ess contrast bright and gamma until green calibration lights come on Switch back to live POST ROCESS The INT MODE EF CONTRAST VE M N DS P FRAMES 8 16 IS CR onn EV k now c 128 19 3 JUMPING INTEGRATING GATING The main function of jumping integration is to determine the frame number and input gain values required to reach a certain sensitivity level for a specific specimen When the jumping integration is begun the frame number is increased only after each integration cycle is completed until the whitest picture information saturates or loses detail or the RGB color monitor shows red If the whites do not saturate or red does not appear on the color monitor set frames to 1 and change the int mode switch from gate to gate M thus multi L PosrPRocESS plying each GAN MODE ON CONTRAST ENHANCE division by 100x and begin SU E again O Once whites satur ate or red appea rs the frame number is reduced by one division and DSP 2000 s input gain is increased until whites just begin to saturate or red begins to appear on the color monitor again waiting for the completion of each integration cycle before increasing the gain Memories B C and S may now be loaded using the same frame number and input gain values If the frame numbe
106. essions on Carbon Tape Ribbons V 19 N 1 January 1974 pp N A AUTHOR George H Hahn AGENCY Los Angeles Police Department Los Angeles California LOCATION N A DATE January 1974 KEY Paper Fiber Impressions Carbon Tape Ribbons Typewriters Identify ABS The standard method of identifying a typewriter as having typed a document has been to examine the document for impressions left by the typewriter The new method of identifying a specific typewriter whereby the document has left its impression on the typewriter was discussed A positive identification was made by examining as little as one character on the document and matching the paper fiber with the impressions left by the fiber on ribbon gt END OF TOPIC TTL AUTHOR AGENCY 426 REQUIRED YES or NO Typewriter Ribbons The Examination of Typewriter Correctable Carbon Film Ribbons A Preliminary Study FSI V 25 1984 pp 71 80 Jacques Mathyer Roman Pfister University of Lausanne Switzerland LOCATION ASQDE Boston Massachusetts DATE KEY ABS 1982 Typewriter Ribbon Correctable Carbon Film Examination SEM The Scanning Electron Microscope method of examination of typewritten strokes produced by single element typewriters working with Lift off correctable carbon ribbons is successful T
107. ete Image Fue Image Directory Printrak Save 4 8 1 FROM THIS MENU PERFORM ALL YOUR FILE FUNCTIONS SAVE A FILE PULL UP A FILE FROM MEMORY OR DELETE AN IMAGE FILE 4 9 USING THIS METHOD ONE CAN USUALLY RECORD 4 10 ABOUT EIGHT INCHES OF RIBBON IN ORDER TO RECORD THE REMAINDER OF THE RIBBON YOU MOVE THE RIBBON TO THE LEFT LEAVING ENOUGH LETTERS OVERLAPPING TO DETERMINE THE SEQUENCE OF THE RIBBON TEXT 4 9 1 RETURN TO PROCURER 4 1 AND REPEAT THE STEPS TROUGH 4 9 1 UNTIL THE EXAMINATION OF THE RIBBON IS COMPLETED PRINT THE IMAGE BY SELECTING THE PRINT OPTION 4 10 1 PULL UP SEVERAL USUALLY FOUR FILES ON THE SCREEN AT THE TIME INORDER TO SAVE PAPER Print Parameters Number of Prints 1 Size of Prints Medium Orientation Portrait Text Size Small Comment 1 REFERENCES Barnes David Document Processing System User s Manual IBIS Imaging Systems c document TYPE wpd TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION L4 IHAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR TYPEWRITER RIBBON IMAGING AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED DATED DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY AUTHORITY AND BEING PL
108. f enhance once calibrated further adjustment of the camera s signal should be performed by adjusting the input gain and black level of the DPS 2000 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE OF THE DPS 2000 19 1 1 Set the hi low gain switch on the rear panel of camera control unit to low 19 1 2 Set enhance and bandwidth to 12 o clock or half max 19 1 3 Set gama to 1 0 19 1 4 Set stretch to off 19 1 5 Set polarity switch to pos 19 1 6 Set black level to preset and man 19 1 7 Set gain to man and turn knob fully counterclockwise to 000 19 2 The purpose of this calibration is to allow the video input signal pass entirely through the DSP 2000 processor without altering any grey level black through white This allows the operator to monitor the true video level of the input signal using the ten step video level indication and thus properly adjust the black and white levels of the video input signal either at its source or by using the DSP 2000 input gain and black level controls For best operation adjust the video 255 input level such that Steps 2 9 are fully illuminated 10 with Steps 1 and 10 being just extinguished 1 0 19 2 1 Adjust input gain and black levels until green calibration lights come on 19 2 2 Switch from live to proc 19 2 3 Set palette to four and mode paint 19 2 4 19 2 5 19 2 6 AX BLACK LEVEL Ten Step Video Level Indicator Set enhance to min Adjust post proc
109. flagged if it is a suspect green word and it occurs again Click Ignore All to ignore all instances of the currently flagged word in the document OmniPage automatically moves to the next word after you click a button Click done if you want to end the spell check 1 20 15 Save the Document You save the document as a Caere Document a special OmniPagee format reopen it and save it as a word processing file Click on save as Button in the file menu Select CAERE Type file name Click OK 1 20 16 _Reopen the Document Choose Open Document in the File Menu box Select the Caere file needed Locate and open the file 1 20 17 To save the document as a Word Processing File Click on Save As Select the Word Perfect option type in the file name and click on OK REFERENCES Caere Corporation OmniForm Version 2 for Windows 95 NT 3 1 1996 Los Gatos California 95030 Caere Corporation OmniPage Pro Image Assistant 1993 Los Gatos California 95039 c document ocr wpd i1tCHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION I 20 I HAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR OMNIPAGE PRO OCR SOFTWARE PACKAGE OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED QA ll 2 77 DAVID DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PRO
110. following steps are used to produce infrared luminescence images 2 1 PLACE THE QUESTIONED DOCUMENT ON THE COPY STAND UNDER THE DAGE MTI 81 IR VIDEO CAMERA 2 2 PLACE 780mn FILTER IN THE CAMERA S FILTER HOLDER OTHER FILTERS TO TRY ARE 665nm 695nm 780nm 850nm AND 1000nm OR A KODAK WRATTEN 87 TURN OFF THE ROOM LIGHTS 2 3 TURN ON THE LIGHT GUIDE FROM THE CRIMESCOPE CS 16 LIGHT SOURCE TUNE THE LIGHT GUIDE TO BETWEEN 400nm and 600nm 2 4 USING THE IBIS COMPUTER ACQUIRE THIS IMAGE DIGITALLY USING THE LATENT PRO SOFTWARE PACKAGE ON CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE ADJUST THE LENS OPENING IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE GOOD DENSITY USE A NIKON 35MM 55 OR A 105MM MACRO LENS 2 4 1 LENS SELECTIONS RELATES TO THE SIZE OF THE QUESTIONED DOCUMENT 35 81 2 INCHES X 11 INCHES OR A CHECK SSMM AN ENDORSEMENT OR SIGNATURE 105MM JUST ONE OR SEVERAL LETTERS DAGE MTI INFRARED VIDEO CAMERA f80nm FILTER CRIMESCOPE LUMINESCED INFRARED RADIATION AND REFLECTED BLUE GREEN LIGHT 400mn TO 600mn REMOTE FLEXIBLE ARM AND LIGHT GUIDE COPYING INFRARED LUMINESCENCE 2 5 In order to acquire this image into the computer data base the following equipment must be turn on in the following order 2 5 1 Turn on the DAGE MTI Camera 2 5 2 Turn on the MTI TEC 1 Cooler 2 6 2 5 3 Turn on the Dage DPS 2000 2 5 4 Turn on the Sony Monitor Input A 2 5 5 Turn on the Personal Computer
111. for future reference The Examiner will develope a numbering system specifically designed to aide him in later retrieving specific ashes which need to be examined Examination The ash is visually observed using a microscope and placed under infrared light using the Crimescope The infrared camera and the Ibis Imaging System is used in connection with the infrared light to visualize any ligible script and capture the image which is then printed out on the Lazer Techniques Printer Instrumentation The Crimescope infrared camera Ibis Imaging System and Lazer Techniques Printer procedures are listed in later sections of this manual under each respective heading ARTICLE 1704 MPH REQUIRED YES or NO TOPIC 1 TTL Questioned Documents Collection and Examination of Charred and Watersoaked Documents FSD V 4 N 8 February 1978 pp 178 188 1 AUTHOR Michael P McConnell AGENCY LOCATION N A DATE N A KEY Damaged Burned Decipherment Photography Infrared Ultraviolet ABS Filters Lens ARTICLE 1582 REQUI TOPIC lt ed bet ts TTL RED YES or NO Burned Loot Helps Convict Attempted Murderer AUTHOR Richard L Shipp AGENCY LOCATION N A DATE KEY ABS N A Charred Documents Registered Mail Fragments Photograph Decipher Reconstruction Books Court Chart s Demonstrative Evidence ARTICLE 1580 MPH REQUIRED YES or NO TOPIC TT
112. hat corresponds to the highest wavenumber peak for polystyrene 3082 18 1 cm and record it in the calibration log If the recorded value is less than 40 3 1 cm away from 3082 18 1 cm then the instrument is calibrated and needs no further adjustments If the instrument should need adjusting refer to FTIR user manuals Produce and store a hard copy Save spectrum Spectrum for Windows Software Move cursor to SPECTRUM FOR WINDOWS icon and double click Login Move cursor to SET UP and click Pull down to INSTRUMENT and click Click on BEAM icon and make sure that the internal beam TGS is selected Click on UPDATE Make sure that the scan mode GAIN is 1 0 and click on UPDATE Move cursor to INSTRUMENT and click Pull down to MONITOR and click Make sure ENERGY is selected and click on OK Read the maximum value of the energy and record it in the calibration log Click on HALT Move cursor to INSTRUMENT and click Pull down to SCAN BACKGROUND and click The SCAN BACKGROUND window will appear Name the FILENAME according to the instructions for the IRDM software Set the range from 4000 to 450 reciprocal centimeters and the number of scans to at least 30 When the parameters are correct click on OK The instrument will begin scanning the background When the background is complete raise the hood on the bench of the FTIR and place an IR A toners wpd spectrophotometer polystyrene calibration film in the sample holder Record polystyr
113. he group identification and differentiation of such ribbons is possible but needs a well trained and experienced examiner familiar with the SEM images The authors intend to carry on their research into the different brand marks of carbon film ribbons ARTICLE TOPIC TTL AUTHOR AGENCY 131 REQUIRED YES or NO Typewriter Analysis Chemical Reaction from Typewritings JCLCPS V 33 N 2 July August 1942 pp 188 192 H E Cassidy Examiner of Questioned Documents Richmond Virginia LOCATION N A DATE KEY ABS N A Inks Ribbons Chemical Analysis As the use of writing machines has grown fradulent documents have increased until now they are everyday occurrences Some of the questions arising are what makes of machine was the document written was it written on this particular machine did this particular person write it is the writing as old as it purports to be were all the writings done continously at the same writing were all the writings done with the same kind of ribbon END OF RECORD Subject Typerwriter Typewriter Ribbons Title IBM Correcting Selective Typewriter An Analysis of the Use of Correctable Flim Ribbon in Altering Typewritten Documents Author M A Casey D J Purtell Publication J Foren Sci vol 21 1 Jan 1976 208 212 Keywords typerwriter typewriter ribbons IBM correctable flim ri
114. iew No 105 Feb 57 odd I The Process of Comparison Identification News Vol 25 No 12 Dec 75 59 Martin C C Handwriting Comparison Incorrect Methods unpublished paper Harris J J How Much Do People Write Alike Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 48 No 6 Mar 58 a Sjoegren T Handwriting Comparison and Probability International Criminal Review No 92 Nov 55 Livingston O B Frequency of Certain Characteristics in Handwriting Pen Printing of Two Hundred People Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 8 No 2 Apr 63 English J M et al A Statistical Examination of Selected Handwritinj Characteristics unpublished technical paper McCarthy J F Some Aspects of Normal Behavior Their Use in Understanding Problems Encountered by Document Examiners Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 21 No 1 Jan 76 Schroeder E H W Checlass Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 16 No 2 Apr 71 5 Schroeder E H W Revised Method of Classifying Fraudulent Checks in a Document Examination Laborator Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 19 No 3 Jul 74 Dibowski J R Proving Negative Results Identification News Vol 3 25 No 10 Oct 75 Webb F E Elimination of Suspects by Handwriting unpublished technical paper Stanghor G R Opposite Hand Writings Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 13 No 3 Jul 68 Beacom M 5 Was This Document Writt
115. ines How They Work New Developments Their Effect on Forensic Documents Sy 52 SC U DE eee Examinations unpublished technical paper Nemecek J Copier Copies Can Tell unpublished technical paper VanStratt W Who s Who on the Welfare Rolls unpublished technical paper Doud D Some Characteristics of Xerox Color Reproductions unpublished technical paper Conlon J Xerox Color Copier and its Potential for Unauthorized Duplication of Documents of Value unpublished technical paper 85 Hilton 0 and Cromwell D Fraud by Photocopy Case and Comment Vol 82 No 2 1977 86 TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION 8 I HAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE EXAMINATION OF PHOTOCOPIED DOCUMENDTS AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVE GATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION DATED 7 f DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE OF THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY MY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION K SIGNED TITLE Analysis of Photocopier Toners by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Introduction Identification and comparison of photocopier toners can be easily conducted using a sm
116. n with the Left Hand Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 6 No 3 Jul 61 Conway J V P The Investigation of Suicide Notes Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 5 No 1 Jan 60 Buglio J and Gidion H M Another Adept Penman unpublished technical paper jhaneyfelt L L The Versatile Writer unpublished technical paper 60 Gamble D J The Handwriting of Identical Tvins Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal Vol 13 1 1980 Beacom M Study of Handwritings by Twins and Other Persons of Multiple Births Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 5 No 1 Jan 60 Hilton O Some Basic Rules for the Identification of Handwriting Medicine Science and the Law Apr 63 Hiller J T Departure from Handwriting System Journal of Forensic Sciences 1972 7 Dick Re M Background Knowledge in Questioned Document Cases Helpful oy Harmful unpublished technical paper Baxendale D and Renshaw I D The Large Scale Searching o Handwriting Samples Journal of the Forensic S ence Society Vol 19 1979 Stevens V Characteristics of Awkark Harid Signatures Written by 200 Inmates of Wisconsin Correctional Institutions International Criminal Police Review 237 Apr 1970 Purtell D J The Ampersand unpublished technical paper Cabanne R Factors Causing Erroneous Handwriting unpublished technical paper 61 REFERENCES FOR LESSON 26 DISGUIS
117. nd reported in cases where class characteristics are prevalent E Can Not Be Identified is rendered when there exists prominent writing disimilaites between the Question and the Known and F An Elimination in which the Document Examiner is certain the indiviual s could not have produced the Questioned writing INSTRUMENTATION The observation of these characteristics in handwriting routinely requires a microscope a 10 x maginfying glass and the use of infrared oblique ultraviolet lighting techniques IBIS Imaging System and Crimescope monochromator and photographic techniques which are refered to in this manual each under its own respective section Procedure section 1 page 4 VALIDATION REFERENCES REFERENCES FOR LESSON 22 THE DEVELOPMENT OF HANDWRITING AND WRITING RE OF HANDWRITING AND WRITING SYSTEMS BOOKS Osborn A S and Osborn A D Questioned Document Problems Chapter 28 Ogg 0 The Twenty Six Letters Chapter 1 thru 7 Osborn A S Questioned Documents Chapter 12 I Harrison Suspect Documents Chapter 9 pp 288 290 American Jurisprudence Proof of Facts Vol 17 pp 507 thru 550 Twentieth Century Handwriting Systems U S Postal Service publication Foreign Systems of Handwritin U S Postal Service publication TECHNICAL ARTICLES Caywood D A Influence of Forei n Education on American Handwriting unpublished technical paper Stanghor
118. nd will be scanned When the background is complete switch the microscope from IR to view Move the stage such that the exact area of the sample to be analyzed is in the aperture window Switch the microscope back to IR Move the cusor to INSTRUMENT and click Pull down to SCAN SAMPLE and click The SCAN SAMPLE window will appear When the filename and parameters are set at the A toners wpd operator s choice click OK The sample will be scanned Sample spectra can be processed in several ways See the Spectrum for Windows User s Manual for details on data processing Spectra can be printed by clicking on the PRINT icon Spectra can be saved by clicking on the SAVE icon Choose the appropriate filename and directory and click on OK Shut Down Save all necessary data Select the instruments internal beam TGS detector and ensure that the scan mode gain is one before shutting down If you are click on FILE Pull down to QUIT TO DOS and click The computer will ask you if you want to quit Answer yes This will take you back to the program manager If you are in Spectrum for Windows double click on the uppermost left hand corner This will take you back to the program manager You should now be at the program manager Double click on the uppermost left hand corner The computer will ask if you are sure that you want to quit click on OK The computer will quit to DOS You may now turn off the computer
119. ndentations of the fibers that comprise the paper Therefore the Questioned area of the ribbon is examined microscopically for paper fiber impressions that can be compared to the typescript and paper on the Questioned document This requires a meticulous microscopic examination and a comparison microscope is used for a side by side analysis of any possible fiber matches If located micrographs using light photograpy or digital enhancements are made and photographic overlays prepared as needed Procedures Section 3 Page 2 Correction Tape 3 The ribbon can contain the text as found on the correction tape Accordingly The two are compared and each corresponding correction is located on the typewriter ribbon This will justify the readable text on the ribbon and further substantiate that use of the machine in the production of the Questioned document tape is read using natural light special side light a light box or microcope as required Instrumentation The above procedures require standard light photography and micrography methods infrared analysis Ibis Imaging Enhancement oblique lighting the use of a light box a stereo microscope and a comparison microscope with a camera Refer to the appropriate section for equipment procedures PROCEDURE SECTION 3 PAGE 3 VALIDATION REFERENCE Subject Typerwriter Typewriter Ribbons Title Comparison of Typewriter Ribbon Inks by Thin Layer Author R L Brunelle J F Negri A
120. nders Robert C Questioned Documents Photography Techniques The Evidence Photographer s International Council s Workshop Atlanta Ga April 13 thru 15 1980 pp 1 29 Spex s Crimescope CS 16 Tunable Forensic Light Source Operation amp Maintenance Instructions Application Manual Edison N J Young W Arthur Thomas A Benson George T Eaton Kodak s Copying and Duplication in Black and White and Color Publication M 1 1984 pp 50 53 C DOCUMENT SCOPE TECHNICAL PR DURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION 1 9 IHAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE CRIMESCOPE CS 16 AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENS SUPERVISION SIGNED DS DATED 26 DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE OF THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY MY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER SECTION S GNED TITLE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION 10 ELECTRO STATIC INDENTED WRITING APPARATUS The ESDA machine is an electro static device that can detect and decipher indented writing better than any other method including photography by oblique side lighting This type of imaging must be carried out in an are
121. ne writer Miller J T Writing Machines Forensic Science International Vol 13 1979 Stanghor G R and Alford E F Synthetic Signatures Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 10 No 1 Jan 65 3 McCarthy J F and Winchester J The Autopen Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 18 No 4 Oct 73 Grant J Was the Ballot Rigged unpublished technical paper Keeler K A Study of Documentar Evidence in Election Frauds Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Vol 25 No 2 Jul Aug 34 Keeler K A Documentary Evidence Involved in an Election Dispute Journal of Criminal Lav anda Criminology Vol 27 No 2 Jul Aug 36 65 REFERENCES FOR LESSON 29 THE IDENTIFICATION OF HANDPRINTING AND NUMERALS BOOKS Osborn S and Osborn D Questioned Document Problems Chapter L Osborn A S Questioned Documents Chapter 23 Yuca 29ocuments Conway J V P Evidential Documents Chapter 23 IEEE 3 1 c Hilton O Scientific Examination of Documents Chapter 10 FH TECHNICAL ARTICLES Conway J V P The Identification of Handprintin Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 45 No 5 Jan 55 2 Alford E Identification Through Comparison of Numbers Identification News Vol 15 No 7 Jul 65 D ARTICLE 205 REQUIRED YES or NO TOPIC Paper Fiber Impression evidence left on Carbon Tape Ribbons TTL Paper Fiber Impr
122. ng factors Procedure section 2 page 3 EXAMINATION OF TYPEWRITER Record the make model serial number and manufacturer of the typewriter Remove and examine the ribbon and the off correction tape if present These should be replaced with anewribbon and tape With the use of special light sources examine the platen to determine the condition and note any impressions from the typefaces or defects that could affect the typescript Microscopically study the typefaces noting any defects Printwheels or ball elements are removed to facilitate analysis EXEMPLARS Upon completion of the above examination reassemble the machine using a new ribbon and correction ribbon of the same type Type several documents that exactly repeat the Questioned typescript and several strike ups of the entire keyboard Initial samples should be taken using the settings on the typewriter as received and changed for additional standards as needed Typewriters can be multi pitch 10 pitch 12 pitch 15 pitch or proportional and standards are taken to comply with the Questioned typescript In addition these standards are taken with consideration as to the thickness of the paper or paper as backing used to produce the original document as this can affect alignment Note any mechanical defects or problems with the operation of the machine COMPARISON With knowledge of the preceding examination the questioned text can now be compared with the typewritten exemplar
123. o 3 Jul 79 100 s REFERENCES FOR LESSON 18 WRITING INSTRUMENTS ar ANU BOOKS Osborn A S Questioned Documents Chapter ll Conway J V P Evidential Documents Chapter Writing Materials 157 167 Harrison W R Suspect Documents Chapter 2 pp 24 26 Hilton 0 Scientific Examination o Documents Chapter 3 pp 22 37 and 43748 Harrison W R Forgery Detection paragraphs 8 39 thru 8 57 TECHNICAL ARTICLES Hilton O Identification and Differentiation Between Colored Pencils Forensic Science Vol 6 1975 Cain S Cantu A A Brunelle R and Lyter A Scientific Study of Pencil Lead Components Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 23 No 4 Oct 78 Anonymous Development of the Fountain Pen unpublished technical a eae lt S paper Anonymous Development of the Ball Pen unpublished technical paper Cromwell D Some Aspects of Fiber Tipped Pens as Writing Instruments unpublished technical paper Black D A Fiber Tipped Pens The Journal of Criminal Lav Criminology amp Police Science Vol 57 No 4 Dec 66 Snape K W Determination of the Direction of Ball Point Pen Motion from the Orientations of Burr Striations in Curved Pen Strokes Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 25 No 2 Apr 80 Flynn W J Paper Mate s New Erasable Ink Pen Journal of Police Science and Administration Vol 7 3 1979 Black D A Identifying
124. of this paper Certain products are named only as examples of types of equipment available on the commercial market ARTICLE TOPIC 1 TTL AUTHOR AGENCY 870 WPL REQUIRED YES or NO Typewriter Ribbons Film and Fabric Ribbons Characteristics Applications Ribbon Demands Advantages Disadvantages Market Information Bernie Mazzurana Pelikan Inc Marketing Department LOCATION N A DATE KEY ABS N A Typewriter Wordprocessing Dataprocessing Document Examiner The author discusses three print technologies 1 Typewriters 2 Wordprocessing 3 Dataprocessing In addition there is a brief overview of the print systems to show the reader how many different parameters influence the design of different ribbon technologies The ribbons available for different applications are 1 Fabric Ribbons 2 Film Ribbons 3 Silk 4 Cotton The author discusses the various inks for fabric ribbons correctable singlestrike etc mm END OF RECORD SECTION 1 I HAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR HANDWRITING HAND PRINTING NUMERALS AND OTHER WRITINGS AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU T FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED pATED 7 6 DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR TH
125. ography Techniques pei Tiel ng the Eastman Chromagram Sheet and Developing Apparatus Identification News Vol 18 No 7 Aug 67 Brunelle R L Negri J F Cantu and Lyter A H Comparison of Typewriter Ribbon Inks by Thin Layer Chromatography Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 22 No 4 Oct 77 English J M Dye Composition of Typewriter Inks as an indication of Date of Typing Journal of Police Science and Administration Vol 6 No 1 1978 Sen N K and Ghosh P C Dating Iron Base Ink Writings on Documents Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 16 No 4 Oct 71 Raju P 5 Banerjee R C and Iyengar N K Comparison of Inks by Paper Chromatography Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 8 No 2 Apr 63 Scott J E Hoffman C M Pro M J and Schlesinger H L Comparison of Adhesive Tapes by Neutron Activation Analysis Journal of the Association of Analytical Chemists Vol 50 No 2 1967 101 Schlesinger L and Settle D M Large Scale Study of Paper by Neutron Activation Analysis Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 16 No 3 Jul 71 Brown C and Kirk P L Paper Electrophoresis in the Identification of Writing Inks Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 45 No 4 Nov Dec 54 Brown Kirk L Horizontal Paper Chromatography the Identification of Ball Point Pen Inks Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police S
126. olvent usage mandates the use of a hood positive air flow and safety glasses REFERENCES FOR LESSON 45 MECHANICAL IMPRESSIONS BOOKS Harrison W R Suspect Documents Chapter 2 p 12 Hilton 0 Scientific Examination of Documents Chapter 3 pp 63 66 73 and 84 85 and Chapter 12 pp 202 203 TECHNICAL ARTICLES i ec Patel P H Rubber Stamp Impressions Identification News Vol 29 No 10 Oct 79 Herring H H An Interesting and Unusual Document Case Identification News Vol 28 No 6 Jun 78 Winchester J The Computer Challenges the Document Examiner unpublished technical paper Cole Computer Checks unpublished technical paper Harrington Plastic Police Soldiers Nov 76 Levinson J Pertoration Devices unpublished technical paper Purtell D J The Identification of Checkwriters Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 45 No 2 Jul 54 Hilton O Individualizing Oil Delivery Imprints Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 21 No 1 Jan 76 Kessell T R Mechanical Addressing Methods Journal of Forensic Sciences v 21 No Apr 76 Curvey C E and Eaton C E Identification of IBM Keypunch Machines by Their Printed Products Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 21 No 4 Oct 76 Hargett J W and Dusak R A Classification and Identification of Checkwriters Journal of Police Science and Administration Vol 4 No 4 197
127. ommon but sophisticated procedures such as adding a logo to every slide creating drill 1 22 4 1 22 5 the down documents or adding video to your slides To use the Cue Cards 1 22 4 From the Help menu choose the Cue Cards The Cue Cards screen appears 1 22 4 b Click the topic or procedure you want help with The Cue Cards lead you through the procedure step by step Cue cards stay on your screen until you close them ToolTips and the Status Bar When you position the pointer over one of the toolbar buttons a yellow box appears telling you the name on button These boxes are called ToolTips The status bar shows a longer description of the command while a ToolTip is displayed 1 22 7 Tip of the day Each time you start PowerPoint you ll see a PowerPoint tip to help you use PowerPoint more effectively You can view tips at any time by choosing the of the day command from the Help menu 1 22 8 Quick Steps for Creating Presentation 1 22 8 Start PowerPoint by double clicking icon 1 22 8 b Use the AutoContent Wizard to create a presentation From the file menu choose New and then in the New Presentation dialog box select AutoContent Wizard PowerPoint Create New Presentation Using Pick a Look Wizard C Template Blank Presentation Hid Users The AutoContent Wizard is the quickest C Open an Existing Presentation way to
128. only the infrared rays to reach the camera tube This leaves a clear reproduction of the obscured matter This type of imaging must be carried out in an area designed for this activity where one can control the type and intensity of lighting The following steps are used to produce infrared reflected images 17 1 PLACE THE QUESTIONED DOCUMENT ON THE COPY STAND UNDER THE DAGE MTI CCD 72 IR VIDEO CAMERA 17 1 1 BELOW IS THE TYPICAL COPYSTAND SETUP DAGE MTI EU A 1 COOLER CCD 72 IR VIDEO INFRARED AND pcc CAMERA WITH VISIBLE RADIATION 2 CRIMESCOPE CONTRAL gt CS 16 LIGHT SOURCE oc XL FIBER OPTIC i BUNDLE Vinene KEYPAD DAGE MTI CCD 72 COOLED CAMERA AND THE VARISPEC FILTER SYSTEM 172 PLACE THE VARISPEC FILTER IN THE CAMERA S FILTER HOLDER WITH THIS FILTER SYSTEM YOU CAN KEY IN THE DISIRED FILTER NANOMETER RANGE 17 3 TURN ON THE COPY LIGHTS OR USE THE INFRARED LIGHT GUIDE FROM THE CRIMESCOPE CS 16 LIGHT SOURCE 17 3a THE COOLED DAGE CCD72 CAMERA PROVIDES HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGES IN ULTRA LOW LIGHT BY GATING YOUR CAMERA FOR HUNDREDS OR EVEN THOUSANDS OF FRAMES YOU CAN BUILD UP AN ACCEPTABLE SIGNAL FROM A VERY WEAK IMAGE THE LONGER YOU INTEGRATE THE STRONGER YOUR SINGAL 17 4 USING THE IBIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE ON A 486 COMPUTER WITH AT LEAST 16 MB OF RAM ACQUIRE THIS IMAGE DIGITALLY ON CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE ADJUST THE LENS OPENING IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE GO
129. onsistency of typewriting throughout the document is determined noting any interlineation Procedure section 2 page 2 Reference sources 4 A search is then made of reference sources to determine make and models of typewriters using that typestyle See section on ASK SAM data base EXAMINATION OF TYPEWRITTEN DOCUMENTS An examination is conducted of each document for the characteristics of typestyle design escapement interlineation alignment size margin justification flaws and presence of any other unique characteristics The typescript is examined microscopically for occasional and consistent defects Defects are characterized as to if they are sporadic transient constant fixed or progressive A typewriter grid is used to recognize horizontal alignment pitch interlineation escapement and misalignment Character abnormalities as well as defects and typestyle are determined by this method also Features in typewriting examination can be both class and individual depending upon the particular make and model of typewriter and the nature of the misalignment or defect This can be due to manufacturing flaws Although in theory each machine from one assembly line should type the same the final step in production of type bar typewriters is to adjust the typeface alignment and spacing Each typeface is typically soldered some riveted and an adjustmentis often needed Individualities can result because of this and other manufacturi
130. oyce A Lauterbach Southeastern Association of Forensic Document Examiners 1995 Annual Meeting noise ESDA decibel levels 209 ESDA secondary impressions of writing Secondary Impressions of Writing Detected by ESDA Steven J Strach Graeme M McCormack Robert W Radley Paul D Westwood Forensic Science International 74 1995 193 204 Impressions writing ESDA Secondary impressions Questioned Documents 206 ESDA Traced Forgeries Application of the ESDA in Demonstrating Traced Forgeries O M Prakash Jasuja Atul K Singla Forensic Science International 75 1995 25 28 indented impressions inked strokes traced forgery Electrostatic Detection Apparatus ESDA Handwriting identification 204 Electrostatic Document Device Modification of the Indentation Materializer Electrostatic Document Device IMEDD For Superior Results Brian B Carney SAFDE Conference May 1995 ESDA EDIE IMEDD Polymer Film 179 Handwiritng TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT SECTION 6 I HAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE EXAMINATION OF INDENTED WRITING AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU NSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION DATED SIGNED DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE OF THIS PROCEDURE IS HE
131. pter 11 Hilton 0 Scientific Examination of Documents Chapter 9 pp 155 170 and 172 175 Harr son W R Forgery Detection paragraphs 3 17 thru 3 29 and Chapter 9 TECHNICAL ARTICLES lilton O Can the Forger be Identified From His Handwriting Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 43 No 4 Nov Dec 52 Snimoda J Can Simulated Forgeries be Identified unpublished technical paper Cinelli S E and Picchia C M R Traced Forgery Hidrographic Recovery of Carbon Outlines unpublished technical paper Hilton O Ihe Detective of Forgery Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Vol 30 No 4 Nov 39 Purig Ka 5 Forgery by Physical Transfer Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 59 No 1 Mar 68 Carney B B Transfer of Pencil Writing by Cellophane Tape Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 25 No 2 Apr 80 Mantle R L Forgery by Facsimile Transfer unpublished technical paper Black D Forged Signatures More Skillfull Written Than the True Signatures Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science Vol 53 No 1 Mar 62 63 Ashton R M Multiple Forgeries Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol amp No 2 Apr 59 Hesselink W F Controversy Over a Forged Document International Criminal Police Review No 86 Mar 55 Gupta S K Protecting Signatures Against Forgery Journal of the Forensic Science
132. r or input gain is changed then all memories must be reloaded using new values 19 3 1 19 3 2 19 3 3 19 3 4 19 3 5 19 3 6 19 3 7 19 3 8 19 3 9 Set frames to sixteen Set int mode to gate A Set int ave to int Push display A three times rapidly to start jumping integration Increase frame number after each integration cycle is completed until whites saturate or red appears on the color monitor If whites don t saturate or red doesn t appear return frames to 1 switch int mode from gate A to gate M This multiplies the frame number by 100X and repeats the sequence again until whites saturate or red appears on the color monitor Now reduce the frame number one division Now slowly increase input gain waiting for each integration cycle to be completed and continue cycles until whites just start to saturate or red begins to appear on the color monitor To stop jumping integration cycle push display A once to store image in memory A Memories B C and S may now be loaded If frame number or input gain is changed for memory A then memories B C and S must be reloaded with the new values Adjust contrast bright enhance and gamma for the most pleasing image REFERENCES Bogen John DPS 2000 Operating Instructions Dage MTI Inc c document dps 2000 wpd r CHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY END
133. ransform infrared spectrometer equipped with and infrared microscope Sample Preparation The sample can be easily collected using a stereo microscope fine point tweezers sharp 11 scalpel and glass slides that have been cleaned of oils and contaminates SpectroTech sample roller single edge razor blade a sample holder and a KBr pellet of the proper size and thickness will also be needed for the mounting and analysis of the samples The examiner will want to collect toner from more than one area on the document Using the stereo microscope select several areas on the document where the toner is thickest Carefully shave some toner off the paper at the first area being careful not to collect any paper fibers Transfer the collected toner to a clean glass slide and label or number the slide so as to have a record of where the sample was collected Repeat the process until the examiner has collected toner samples from several areas of the document Using the SpectroTech sample roller flatten the sample and make the it as thin as possible Clean the surface of the roller and repeat the process until all collected samples have flattened as thin as much as possible Use the single edge razor blade to remove the flattened samples from the glass slide and transfer them to the KBr pellet At this point it will be necessary to make a diagram of the surface of the KBr pellet so as to indicate where each sample is located on KBr pellet The ton
134. rison 3 The photocopies are compared as to the above procedure to determine if the questioned document was produced by specific machine or if two photocopies were generated on the same machine Instrumentation 4 The use of the microscope and camera are referred to in other sections of this manual each under its own heading Safety The copy machine should be unplugged before examination and the Examiner should be aware of the danger of further shock due to high voltage capacitor discharge REFERENCES FOR LESSON 47 COPYING PROCESSES AND COPY MACHINE l r O m C F IDENTIFICATION BOOKS Hilton 0 Scientific Examination of Documents Chapter 3 PP Scott C C Photographic Evidence Vol 11 Chapter 27 TECHNICAL ARTICLES i Hilton O Detecting Fraudulent Photocopies Forensic Science International Vol 13 1979 Kelly J H Identifying the Copying Machine Used in Preparation ot Simulated Forgeries Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 18 No 4 Oct 73 Lile J E and Blair A R Classification and Identification of Photocopiers A Progress Report Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 21 No 4 Oct 76 Purdy D C The Xerox 6500 Colour Copier Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal Vol 9 No 3 1976 Kelly J H Copying Processes unpublished technical paper Mantle R L Forgery by Facsimile Transter unpublished technical paper Anonymous Office Copying_Mach
135. riting as Indices of Drug Effects Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 18 1964 Beacom M S Handwriting by the Cerebral Palsied unpublished technical paper 58 REFERENCES FOR LESSON 25 THE IDENTIFICATION OF HANDWRITING nT VN HANDWRITING BOOKS Osborn A S and Osborn A D Questioned Document Problems Chapter 30 Osborn A S Questioned Documents Chapters 8 9 10 14 15 16 and 21 J V P Evidential Documents Chapter The Identification of Handwriting Osborn S The Problem of Proof Chapter 28 T Harrison W R Suspect Documents Chapter 9 pp 290 297 and 307 348 Hilton O Scientific Examination of Documents Chapter 7 pp 130 and Chapter 8 pp 136 American Jurisprudence Proof of Facts Vol 17 pp 507 550 TECHNICAL ARTICLES DOULDER C Examination of Document Case Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 10 No 4 Oct 65 Ruenes R F Perception and Handwriting Identification Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 12 No 1 Jan 67 Swett G The Importance of Copies in Document Inquiries Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 11 No 4 Oct 66 Kiser R F and Torres B Like Letter Substitution How Dependable unpublished technical paper McCarthy J F The Axioms of Handwriting Comparisons unpublished technical paper Hilton 0 Proper Evaluation of Dissimilarities in Handwritin 3 International Criminal Police Rev
136. s for class and individual characters of typeface alignment Procedure Section 2 Page 4 misalignment interlineation escapement pitch and defects Evaluation The preceding procedure is designed to be used in part or in whole at the discretions of the examiner as needed to conclude the examination Documents can have obvious features that can make them unique and preclude the need for step by step procedural analysis Conclusion The conclusions rendered are A That the typewriter can be identified as having produced the Questioned Document B That the typewriter could have produced the Questioned document but not to the exclusion of other similar machines That the typewriter can be eliminated as having produced the Questioned document INSTRUMENTATION Any individual characteristics found on the typeface that can be proven by the Questioned typescript should be photographed or digitized enhanced and printed if possible The crimescope microscope and oblique lighting techniques and the Ibis Image System may be needed to complete these examinations Refer to later sections of this manual for each of these respective procedure PROCEDURE SECTION 2 PAGE 5 VALIDATION REFERENCES REFERENCES FOR LESSON 41 TYPE FONT IDENTIFICATION TECHNICAL ARTICLES Casey M A A Look into Japanese Made Typewriters Journal of Forensic Sciences Vol 15 No 2 Apr 70 Horan J J Special Type Faces unpublished technical paper Wilson
137. s used by the Questioned Documents Section to see magnification of the details on documents not visible to the eye This allows the examiner to see toner beads from photocopying indentions from indented writing and if paper fibers have been disturbed The Wild MZ8 is a modern steromicroscope which through innovation in design and technology allows the examiner to see many of the details not visible to the naked eye Imaging is accomplished by attaching a B amp W high resulation MTI VE 1000 video camera to the Wild 78 and acquiring the image digitized with our Ibis software and the Ibis 486 computer system MTI VE 1000 HIGH RES B amp W VIDEO CAMERA MTI VE 1000 B amp W MONITOR AND IMAGE CONTRAL SWITCHES WILD STEROMICROSCOPE This type of imaging must be carried out in an area designed for this activity where one can control the type and intensity of lighting The type of lighting normally used is a ring light or fiber optics light tubes The following steps are used to produce images from the Wild MZ8 18 1 PLACE THE QUESTIONED DOCUMENT UNDER THE MICROSCOPE STAGE 18 2 TURN ON THE MTI VE 1000 DIGITAL 5000 VIDEO CAMERA 18 3 TURN ON THE RING LIGHT OR THE FIBER OPTICS LIGHT 18 4 ADJUST THE MICROSCOPE 18 4 1 BELOW IS A PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING THE DIFFERENT CONTROLS OF THE WILD 78 18 5 1 MAGNIFICATION CHANGER 8 1 ZOOM 2 KNURLED RING ENGAGES THE 8 MAGNIFICATION STEPS 3 FOCUSING DRIVE LARGER
138. scence it is necessary to show the differences in inks which normally appear the same to the naked eye The exposing of the questioned document to ultraviolet radiation 400nm to 600nm from the crimescope CS 16 will cause the specimen many times to emit radiation in the red and infrared 600nm to 1200nm part of the spectrum One of four basic phenomena can be observed occurring with the document using this technique The document may be observed reflecting the energy lighten absorbing the energy darken transmitting the energy disappear or converting the energy to a longer wavelength luminesce DAGE MTI INFRARED IN THE VIDEO DARK CAMERA 780nm FILTER CRIMESCOPE LUMINESCED INFRARED Cs lb RADIATION AND REFLECTED BLUE GREEN LIGHT 400mn TO 600mn REMOTE FLEXIBLE ARM AND LIGHT GUIDE SUBJECT COPYING INFRARED LUMINESCENCE In both infrared reflectance and luminescence use is made of the invisible infrared rays as distinguished from the visible rays of the spectrum special filter 780nm or a Kodak Wratten 87 is placed in front of the DAGE MTI infrared video camera lens to exclude the visible rays and allow only the infrared rays to reach the camera tube This leaves a clear reproduction of the inks luminescence in the red and infrared part of the spectrum In ultraviolet reflectance the document is illuminated by the Crimescope CS 16 with ultraviolet radiation and a filter is placed over
139. simulate by studying line quality hesitations retouches tremors direction of pen movements pen pressures speed of movements slant size beginning strokes ending strokes as well as connectors UNNATURAL WRITINGS 3 The presence of unnatural writing may limit or even prevent an Examiner from making any further comparison More standards may be requested if of value to the case A report is written stating that the author of the Known writing can not be identified or eliminated as the author of the Questioned writing s A statement of explaination as to why this conclusion was reached may also be appropriate PROCEDURE section 1 page 2 HANDWRITING HAND PRINTING NUMERALS AND OTHER WRITINGS EVALUATION OF THE QUESTIONED WRITING S 4 If the Examiner is satisfied that a genuine and natural writing exists a determination is then made as to whether or not this particular questioned writing demonstrates sufficient quantity and quality of writing features and unique characteristics upon which an expert conclusion can be supported EVALUATION OT HE KNOWN WRITING S 5 The known writing sample are next evaluated for naturalness quantity quality of writing and sufficiency in features and characteristics In some cases the known writing will be taken from a individual alleged in a crime and an attempt to disguise their own natural writing will be demonstrated in the Known specimen This adds greatly to the complexity of the ev
140. the lens UV filter of the video camera that transmits only the ultraviolet radiation DAGE MTI INFRARED VIDEO CAMERA U V FILTER ABSORBS VISIBLE RADIATIO CRIMESCOPE TRANSMITS U V 5 1 U V AND VISIBLE RADIATION _ SUBJECT REMOTE FLEXIBLE ARM AND LIGHT GUIDE COPY ULTRAVIOLET REFLECTANCE In ultraviolet fluorescence certain materials absorb ultraviolet radiation and emit light they fluoresce The document is illuminated by the Crinescope CS 16 with ultraviolet radiation and a filter UV is placed over the video camera s lens to absorb the ultraviolet radiation and allow only the florescence to be seen DAGE MTI IN THE DARK INFRARED gt VIDEO CAMERA U V FILTER NO 2 ABSORBS U V CRIMESCOPE C5 16 U V RADIATION SUBJECT REMOTE FLEXIBLE ARM AND LIGHT GUIDE COPYING ULTRAVIOLET FLUORESCENCE This type of imaging must be carried out in an area designed for this activity where one can control the type and intensity of lighting and have complete darkness Note WARNING Light emitted can result in blindness if pointed at the eyes Use proper protective goggles The following steps are used needed when using the Crimescope CS 16 9 1 TURN ON THE CRIMESCOPE CS 16 BY USING THE TWO SWITCHES ONE FOR THE LAMP AND THE OTHER FOR THE FAN ON THE BACK OF THE UNIT 9 1 1 1 3 SECONDS ARE NECESSARY FOR THE LAMP TO LIGHT IF THE LAMP DOESN T IGNITE
141. tin AGENCY LOCATION DATE KEY Charred Destroyed Documents Decipherment Examination Paper ABS ARTICLE 3044 MPH REQUIRED YES or NO TOPIC TIL Restoration and Preservation of Typewriting and Printing on Charred Documents J AUTHOR A Bartha AGENCY LOCATION DATE KEY ABS SECTION 5 I HAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR CHARRED DOCUMENTS AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION ENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION DATED ae SIGNED gt Lune DAVID C D SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE OF THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY MY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION K SIGNED TITLE Procedure Section 6 Page 1 THE EXAMINATION OF INDENTED WRITING The document is first examined visually using oblique lighting for the presence of any indentions These indentions if decipherable may then be recorded and photographed If the indentions can not be discerned the document can be placed under vary wavelengths of light using the Crime Scope monochromator and viewed on the IBIS System Contrasting and gating adjustments can enhance the indentions before being printed on the Lazer Techniques thus preserving them Another method most often used is
142. um Orientation Portrait Text Size Small Comment 1 REFERENCES Barnes David Document Processing System User s Manual IBIS Imaging Systems Delly John Grutav Photography Through the Microscope Kodak publication No P 2 1980 Wild Leica s Wild MZ 8 User Manual Switzerland 1994 c document VE1000 wpd TECHNICAL PROCEDURES MANUAL AUTHORITY ENDORSEMENT AD SS ee OOS SECTION I 18 I HAVE REVIEWED THE TECHNICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE WILD MZ8 STEREO MICROSCOPE WITH THE VE 1000 CAMERA SYSTEM AND APPROVE THESE PROCEDURES FOR USE BY THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FORENSIC ANALYST UNDER MY SUPERVISION SIGNED Z U DATED 9 27 DAVID C DUNN SUPERVISING AGENT IN CHARGE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS TECHNICAL PROCEDURE TERMINATION AND ARCHIVE ANN LAS NS JU U L mmm EFFECTIVE THIS DAY OF OF THE YEAR THE USE OF THIS PROCEDURE IS HEREBY DISCONTINUED BY MY AUTHORITY AND BEING PLACED IN THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL SECTION OF THIS MANUAL FOR REFERENCE REFER TO SECTION K SIGNED TITLE NCSBI QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS SECTION 1 19 1 DPS 2000 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 19 1 Dage MTI inc unit is used for calibrating the camera for the highest possible signal to noise ratio for the purpose of on chip integration and densitometry applications This produces the highest quality video image With the exception o
143. ve cursor to INSTRUMENT and click Pull down to SCAN and click The scan window will appear Move cursor to BACKGROUND and click Hit Backspace on the keyboard to delete the word scan that is already in the title window Type in CB followed by the date in numbers without dashes or slashes CB will designate calibration spectra and the date will show when the spectra was run For example if the date is December 17 1996 and I was running a calibration spectra I would type in CB121796 Make sure the number of scans is at least 30 and the range is from 4000 to 450 reciprocal centimeters Click on OK when the parameters are correct The instrument will begin scanning the background A toners wpd When the background is complete raise the hood on the bench of the FTIR and place an IR spectrophotometer polystyrene calibration film in the sample holder Record polystyrene on the calibration log under STANDARD Move cursor to INSTRUMENT and click Pull down to scan and click The scan window will appear Move cursor to SAMPLE and click Click on OK The computer will ask if you wish to overwrite the data region which already exists Click on OVERWRITE The instrument will begin scanning the sample When scanning is complete click on DATA and pull down to PEAK and click Peak parameters should appear Set the threshold at 2 00 highlight PEAK set Range at 4000 00 450 00 and hit OK The peak table should appear Look for the reference band t
144. y the Questioned Documents Section to visually decipher the information which remains after documents have been burned Depending on the degree of burning there is often a great deal of information still on the damage document During burning paper will shrink and curl and become fragile It becomes necessary to handle charred documents with a great deal of care This takes a lot of time using tweezers and small model paint brushes to remove the ash and to move the document under the camera By using the DAGE MTI infrared video camera with the Ibis computer soft ware package good results can be obtained This type of imaging must be carried out in an area designed for this activity where one can control the type and intensity of lighting Normal copy lighting works well with the quartz lights set at a 45 degree angle to the document The following steps are used to produce charred document images 3 1 PLACE THE QUESTIONED DOCUMENT ON THE COPY STAND UNDER THE DAGE MTI 81 IR VIDEO CAMERA 3 1 1 BELOW IS THE TYPICAL COPYSTAND AND LIGHTING SETUP DAGE MTI 81 IR VIDEO CAMERA WITH QUARTZ LIGHTS 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 TURN OFF THE OVERHEAD LIGHTS AND TURN ON THE COPY STAND LIGHTS ADJUST THE THE LENS OPENING IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE GOOD DENSITY USING THE IBIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE ON A 486 COMPUTER WITH AT LEAST 16 MB OF RAM ACQUIRE THIS IMAGE DIGITALLY ON CONTINUOUS ACQUIRE USE A NIKON 35MM SSMM OR A 105MM MACRO LENS 3 3 1 LE
145. zes helium neon laser which produces laser radiation See the next two pages for information and warnings concerning laser radiation Other Information FTIR manuals can be located in the FTIR room as well as in the Trace Evidence Library FTIR CALIBRATION LOG A toners wpd DATE INTERNAL STANDARD REFERENCE NITIALS ENERGY BAND A Voners wpd FTIR Operating Procedures Start Up Fill dewar with liquid nitrogen until you see overflow Allow the dewar to burp and then fill it until it overflows again and cap it off Turn on the microscope and turn up the light source Insert a KBr disc on the microscope stage and focus on the top of the disc Move one side of the lower aperture over into the viewing area and focus on it using the condenser Then move the lower aperture back out of the way Remove the adjustable apertures from the microscope and replace them with the fixed apertures Switch the microscope from view to IR Turn on the computer When computer has booted up the c gt prompt will appear Type in WIN and press ENTER This will open the PROGRAM MANAGER and the PE APPLICATIONS window will be in the center of the screen IRDM Software Move cursor to the MS DOS IRDM icon and double click Move cursor to INSTRUMENT and click Pull down to COMMUNICATIONS and click Instrument Communications window will open Click on RS232ON and then click on OK Move cursor back to INSTRUMENT an

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