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1. ocl Set gme Connection gme FCO attachingConnections kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Connection Returns a set which contains all connections instances of association class that is a link of the fco If role is specified then the role of the connection point in the side of the fco has to match role If kind is specified the kind of the regarded connections must be kind If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Connection then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned FCO 2 isConmectedTo feo gmes FCO f role ocl String kind 3String ocls Boolean D FCO isConnectedTo fco gme FCO role ocl String kind Type ocl Boolean FCO isConnectedTo fco gme FCO kind ocl Type ocl Boolean Returns true if fco is connected to the fco If role is specified then the role of fco has to match role If kind is specified the kind of regarded connections must be kind If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Connection then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned gme FCO subTypes ocl Set gme FCO Returns a set which contains all fcos that are subtypes of the fco Returns an empty set if the fco is not a type gme FCO instances ocl Set gme FCO Returns a set which contains all fcos that are instances of this fco as a type Returns an empty set if the fco is an instance Returns the
2. ocl Boolean operator anyl ocl Any any2 ocl Any ocl Boolean Returns true if any is the same as any2 This equality means identity any1 or any2 may be undefined If only one of them is undefined then the result is false if both of them are undefined the result is true operator anyl ocl Any any2 ocl Any ocl Boolean operator lt gt anyl ocl Any any2 ocl Any ocl Boolean Returns true if any1 is not the same as any2 This equality means identity any1 or any2 may be undefined If only one of them is undefined then the result is true if both of them are undefined the result is false Methods ocl Any oclIsTypeOf type ocl Type ocl Boolean Returns true if any is an instance of type type can be a simple name but not a compound name So far this method cannot be used to check type conformity ocl Set ocl Any as argument is invalid only ocl Set is valid If the specified type is invalid or if there is no type having this name the method throws an exception and returns undefined ocl Any oclIsKindOf type ocl Type ocl Boolean Returns true if any is an instance of type or if any descendants of type For further information see ocl Any ocllsTypeOf ocl Any oclAsType type ocl Type This is actually a static typecast operator It returns the same object with type i e it does not create a new object the re
3. This meta kind can also be accessed as Connection Its super meta kind is gme FCO Methods gme Connection connectionPoints role ocl String ocl Set gme ConnectionPoint gme Connection connectionPoint role ocl String gme ConnectionPoint The first call returns a set of connection points association ends of the connection If role is specified then the role of the points has to match role The second call ease the access only one connection point gme Reference The meta kind gme Reference is a special meta kind of GME It can be considered to be a pointer to an fco Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 129 Aliases Super Meta Type This meta kind can also be accessed as Reference Its super meta kind is gme FCO Methods Reference usedByConnPoints kind ocl String ocl Set ConnectionPoint D Reference usedByConnPoints kind ocl Type ocl Set ConnectionPoint Returns a set of connection points association ends of the reference in which the reference participates With kind we can filter those points which are only parts of connections having the same kind If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Reference then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned gme Reference refersTo gme FCO Returns the fco to which the reference refers The return object can be null if the re
4. A Generic Modeling Environment GME 3 User s Manual Version 3 0 Release 3 3 5 March 2003 Institute for Software Integrated Systems Vanderbilt University Copyright 2000 2003 Vanderbilt University This program is protected by U S and international copyright laws as described in the About Box Copyright O 2000 2003 Vanderbilt University All rights reserved http www isis vanderbilt edu This manual was produced using Doc T o Help by WexTech Systems Inc Contents What is new in version 3 0 Introduction Modeling Concepts Overview Model Integrated Program Synthesis ccccescesseeseceteeeeeesseeneeeneeees The MultiGraph Architecture cccccceesceesesscceseceeecesecesecseeeseeeeeeneeaes The Modeling Paradigm cccccceeseesceescesceeseeeseeseenseeeseenaes Metamodels and Modeling Environment Synthesis The Generic Modeling Environment Models Hierro NO ADC ascos dolore Aoc ns eaaa a a cateaubanetan pes ais dd esmero Attributes nta Lao Rote S E rte ee sence A A em heen tenets Using GME 3 GME 3 Int erfacesi 3 0 52 eSea eR Jae eA SA Sa Rea The Part Browser sac sects whee hath ws wean ARG tii The Attribute Browser soisin i n E a ei Ki The Model Browse fa Model Browser navigation es ssssessesseseesesseeessreresseserseeserse Model Browser and InteroperatiON oooooncnnnnnccnocnconnconcconocnnos A A BRR en weenie The Mode l Editor 5 22205 n a e E hat The Editing W
5. before this method HRESULT GetLocation out long sx out long sy out long ex out long ey Return the coordinates you got in SetLocation HRESULT SetActive in VARIANT BOOL isActive GME calls this method with VARIANT_FALSE if your object must be shown in gray color Eg GME was switched into set mode By default the decorator should paint its object with the active color HRESULT Draw in HDC hdc You have all the required information when this method is called Because a Windows HDC is supplied the decorator has to be an in process server Saving and restoring this DC in the beginning and at the end of your Draw method is highly recommended HRESULT SaveState Because this is the only method your decorator is in read write transaction mode it has to backup all the permanent data here Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Decorators e 43 HRESULT Destroy A destructor like function Releasing here all your MGA COM pointers is a good practice Using the Decorator skeleton You can find a decorkit zip file in the GME 3 distribution It contains a skeleton project for Visual C that implements a dumb decorator Modifying the DecoratorConfig h file would be your first step when using the skeleton The following modifications have to be made e Give anew value to TYPELIB_UUID a new ID can be generated by the guidgen tool found in Visual Studio e Give a new value to TYPELIB_NA
6. int2 ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns an integer which is the subtraction of int1 and int2 operator intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns an integer which is the multiplication of int and int2 Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 116 operator div intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns the number of times that int2 fits completely within int1 operator mod intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns the modulo of int1 and int2 Functions abs int ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns the absolute value of int max intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns the maximum of int41 and int2 min intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns the minimum of int1 and int2 Methods ocl Integer abs ocl Integer Returns the absolute value of this ocl Integer max int ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns the maximum of this and int ocl Integer min int ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns the minimum of this and int ocl Type The type ocl Type represents the types and the meta types used in an OCL expression For the time being this type does not have features e g enumerating the attribute of the type but this type will be the foundation of obtaining meta kind informa
7. ocl Bag ocl Set Returns the intersection of sett and set2 or set and bag o operator setl ocl Set set2 ocl Set ocl Set Returns a set which contains all elements that are contained by only sett or set2 Methods ocl Set union set ocl Set ocl Set ocl Set union bag ocl Bag eclirBag Returns the union of the set and set or bag Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 120 ocl Set subtract collection ocl Collection ocl Set Returns a set which contains all elements that that are contained in set but not in collection ocl Set intersection set ocl Set ocl Set ocl Set intersection bag ocl Bag ocl Set Returns the intersection of the set and set or bag ocl Set symmetricDifference set ocl Set ocl Set Returns a set which contains all elements that are contained by only the set or set ocl Set including any ocl Any ocl Set Returns a set containing any ocl Set excluding any ocl Any ocl Set Returns a set not containing any Iterators ocl Set select boolExpr ocl Boolean ocl Set Returns a sub set of the set containing all elements for which boolExpr evaluated to true ocl Set reject boolExpr ocl Boolean ocl Set Returns a sub set of the set containing all elements for which boolExpr evaluated to false ocl Set co
8. GetAtomReferences and GetModelReferences GetSets functions work the same way except that a part name must be supplied to them The GetConnections method return the list of the kind of connections that was requested These are the connections that are visible inside the given model The GetAspectNames function return the list of names of aspects the current model has This helps in writing paradigm independent components Children can be created with the appropriate creation functions Similarly connections can be constructed by specifying their kind and the source and destination objects Please see the description of the CBuilderConnection class for a detailed description of connections The TraverseModels function is similar to the TraverseChildren but it only traverses models class CBuilderModel public CBuilderObject public const CBuilderObjectList GetChildren const const CBuilderModelList GetModels const const CBuilderModelList GetModels CString partName const const CBuilderAtomList GetAtoms CString partName const const CBuilderModelReferenceList GetModelReferences CString refPartName const const CBuilderAtomReferenceList GetAtomReferences CString refPartName const const CBuilderConnectionList GetConnections CString name const const CBuilderSetList GetSets CString name const void GetAspectNames CStringList list Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual High Level Component
9. Sequence then the method returns the sequence itself without creating a new sequence ocl Collection asBag ocl Bag Returns a bag which contains the same elements as the collection If the collection is an instance of ocl Bag then the method returns the bag itself without creating a new bag Iterators ocl Collection exists boolExpr ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Returns true if boolExpr evaluates to true for at least one element of the collection Returns undefined if boolExpr evaluates to undefined for all elements of the collection ocl Collection forAll boolExpr ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Returns true if boolExpr evaluates to true for all element of the collection Returns undefined if boolExpr evaluates to undefined for at least one element of the collection ocl Collection isUnique anyExpr ocl Any ocl Boolean Returns true if anyExpr evaluates to a different value for each element of the collection ocl Collection any boolExpr ocl Boolean lt innerType gt Returns any element of the collection for which boolExpr evaluates to true If there is more than one element than one in the collection for which the condition is fulfilled then one of them will be returned If there are no elements then undefined is returned ocl Collection one boolExpr ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Returns true if the collection contains exactly one element for which boolExpr evaluate
10. added or deleted In a secondary aspect it only shows up but cannot be added or deleted Note that all the information provided by the user through this dialog box is persistent It is stored in the metamodel in the registry of the corresponding objects A subsequent invocation of the interpreter will show the dialog box with the information specified by the user the previous time Each attribute of any given FCO in the Metamodeling environment has a specific meaning for the output paradigm This section describes each attribute and lists the FCO s in which the attribute resides Attributes are listed by the text prompted on the screen for their entry The section also gives what special instructions if any are necessary for filling out the attribute For fields if the default value of the field is then no default value is specified in the description All other attributes list the default value 1 source label String value that gives the name of the Attribute class to be displayed there The Attribute should also belong through aggregation to the Connection Then the value of that Attribute will be displayed in the first position at the end of the source of the connection Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Metamodeling Environment e 53 Contained in Connection 2 source label String value that gives the name of the Attribute class to be displayed there The Attribute should also belong through aggregation
11. case it is a model type if it is an archetype it does not have a base type so the field shows N A or the type model in case the current model is an instance GME Menus On the GME Menubar the following commands are available File Project and model related commands The File menu is context sensitive with choices depending on whether or not a paradigm definition file and or project has been loaded and whether there is at least one model window open If no model window is open the following items show e New Project Creates a new empty project and allows registering a new modeling paradigm discussed in detail later e Open Project Opens an existing project from either a database or a binary file with the mga extension discussed in detail later e Close Project Saves and closes the currently open project if any e Save Project Saves the current project to disk e Save Project As Saves the current project with a new name e Abort Project Aborts all the changes made since last save and closes project Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Using GME 3 e 23 e Export XML GME 3 uses XML with a specific DTD as a export import file format This command saves the current project in XML format e Import XML Loads a previously exported XML project file Note that the file must conform to the DTD specifications in the mga dtd file If no paradigm is loaded GME 3 tries to locate and load the corresponding paradi
12. these types cannot conform it is a type conformance error and an exception is thrown and undefined is returned The explicit use of oclAsType is not required because some expressions have it implicitly e g let expressions and iterators Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME 97 Undefined In OCL 1 4 undefined is a special object which cannot be written as literal in this implementation During evaluation undefined can be returned if the result of a feature call is undefined or if an exception is thrown These two aspects of undefined must be distinguished in the new version i e undefined is the sole instance of ocl Object and a new type called ocl Error must be introduced in order to denote exceptions thrown during the evaluation In this implementation undefined is considered first and foremost as an error Thus if a feature has to be performed on or with an object that is undfined then the feature is skipped and undefined is returned for example the user cannot perform an attribute call on undefined or if a method gets undefined as argument then the method is not called There are only some features in which undefined can participate in i e the result is not always undefined e ocl Any isUndefined e operator ocl Any ocl Any e operator lt gt ocl Any ocl Any e operator ocl Any ocl Any e operator ocl Any oc
13. 45 How to specify containment for a Folder Folder containment applies to Folders and Models that may be contained in a Folder In the figure below the UML diagram outlines the containment scheme of a paradigm for a sports season To specify containment for a Folder follow these steps Create the Folder and item it contains through insertion or dragging from the parts menu Connect the item to the Folder Now the Folder contains the item Baseball Basketball lt lt folder gt gt lt lt folder gt gt oh lt lt model gt gt is lt lt folder gt gt Postseason lt lt folder gt gt Example of a Folder containment FCO This is a class that is mandatorily abstract The purpose of this class is to enable objects that are inherently different Atom Reference Set etc to be able to inherit from a common base class To avoid confusion with the generalization of modeling concepts Model Atom Set Connection Reference called collectively an FCO and this kind of object in the metamodeling environment which is called an FCO the metamodeling concept that would actually be dragged into a Paradigm model will be shown in regular font while the generalization of types will be in italics as FCO An FCO has the Js Abstract and General Preferences attributes All FCO s will also have these attributes How to create an FCO An FCO like all FCO s is created by dragging in th
14. BON INVOKE IMPLEMENTED class CComponent public CComponent focusfolder NULL CBuilderFolder focusfolder CBuilderFolderList selectedfolders void InvokeEx CBuilder builder CBuilderObject focus CBuilderObjectList amp selected long param 7 class CCompoundBuilder public CBuilderModel DECLARE CUSTOMMODEL CCompoundBuilder CBuilderModel public void Scan CString foldName 7 endif whole file Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual High Level Component Interface e 71 The component cpp file is shown below tinclude stdafx h include Component h void CComponent InvokeEx CBuilder builder CBuilderO0bject focus CBuilderObjectList selected long param const CBuilderFolderList folds builder GetFolders POSITION foldPos folds gt GetHeadPosition while foldPos CBuilderFolder fold folds gt GetNext foldPos const CBuilderModelList roots fold gt GetRootModels POSITION rootPos roots gt GetHeadPosition while rootPos CBuilderModel root roots gt GetNext rootPos if root gt IsKindOf RUNTIME CLASS CCompoundBuilder BUILDER_CAST CCompoundBuilder root gt Scan fold gt GetName IMPLEMENT CUSTOMMODEL CCompoundBuilder CBuilderModel Compound void CCompoundBuilder Scan CString foldName AfxMessageBox GetName model found in foldName folder const CBuilderModelList models GetMod
15. Browser is available through contextual menus and drag and drop operations Currently contextual menus are only offered for selections found within the Aggregate tab Contextual information is primarily used for easily inserting new objects based on the current selection or for capturing the contents of current selections for Edit functions Copy Paste Delete etc Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Using GME 3 e 20 Aggregate inheritance Meta GeneratorBase SF2000 Gen Systems 5 4 BasicTypes i a r Properties wf Su Attributes a Signal Preferences Her MC Registry Gz WO attach Library Srl eres de 1 T Library rt InputParameters H Insert Model Inputsignals Hey f Wa 14 Undo OutputParameters Redo Outputsignals Parameters Copy Paste Delete Constraints Interpret Help Tree Browser Options Model Browser context menus Based on the Aggregate tab selection shown above five different kinds of atoms are available for insertion Models can also be inserted but within this Model we have specified that the paradigm not allow any References or Sets Note that connections cannot be added using the Browser Similarly several Edit options are available in the form of Undo Redo Copy Paste etc Sorting options allow for the all of the objects and their children to be sorted by a specific style The Tree Browser Options menuitem displays a dialog used for specifying t
16. COM interface provides the means to access and modify the models their attributes and connectivity In short the user can do everything that can be done using the GUI of the GME There is a higher level C interface that takes care of a lot of lower level issues and makes component writing much easier This high level C component interface is the focus of this chapter Interpreters are typical but not the only components that can be created using this technology The other types are plugins i e components that provide some useful additional functionality to ease working in GME These components are very similar to interpreters though they are paradigm independent For example a plugin can be developed to search or locate objects based on some user defined criteria like the value of an attribute What Does the Component Interface Do The component interface is implemented on the top of the COM interface When the user initiates model interpretation the component interface creates the so called Builder Object Network BON The builder object network mirrors the structure of the models each model atom reference connection etc has a corresponding builder object This way the interface shields the user from the lower level details of the COM interface and provides support for easy traversal of the models along either the containment hierarchy the connections or the references The builder classes provide general purpose functionality
17. Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager e 87 Selecting one line in the track window the Expression window and the list showing the defined variables are updated according to the context of the track line At this time tracking of the execution of Constraint Definitions is not available Constraints in the model Constraints types As GME had introduced the type inheritance concept it became essential that the user would be able to attach constraints to types and subtypes similarly to kinds In GME 3 the set of the rules expressed by constraints defined in the paradigm may be extended by constraints defined by the modeler These constraints can be associated to types subtypes even instances in a specific way If the modeler set the aim to create a model which will be imported as a libarary into other models then the constraints defined in the imported model become library constraints The types of constraints are the following Critical Constraint in the paradigm Non critical Constraint in the paradigm 3 Critical Constraint in the model Non critical Constraint in the model Critical Constraint in a library 0 Non critical Constraint in a library Attribute Definition in the paradigm Method Definition in the paradigm Icons for types of Constraints and Definitions Constraint Browser Exceuting the File Display Constraints command the user can browse all constraints availa
18. On models T S or I letter is displayed according to the object type information e For instances below the name of the object the name of the type or subtype is shown with small font Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Type Inheritance e 38 Libraries Model library support Starting with v 2 0 GME supports model libraries an important mechanism for reusing design artifacts Libraries are ordinary GME projects indeed every GME project including the ones that import libraries themselves can be imported in a project as a library The only prerequisite is that both the library and the target project are based on the same version of the same paradigm When a library is imported it is copied into the target project in whole so that the root folder of the library becomes an ordinary non root folder in the target The copy is indicated with a special flag that warrants read only access to this part of the target project The primary way of using libraries is to create subtypes and instances from the library objects It is also possible to refer library objects through references Apart from being read only objects imported through the library are equivalent to objects created from scratch Library objects can easily be recognized in the tree browser The library root is indicated with a special icon and if the browser displays access icons all library objects are marked to indicate read only access To import a library in
19. Once an initial modeling paradigm has been formulated an MGA expert constructs a metamodel The metamodel is a UML based formal description of the modeling environment s model construction semantics The metamodel defines what types of objects can be used during the modeling process how those objects will appear on screen what attributes will be associated with those objects and how relationships between those objects will be represented The metamodel also contains a description of any constraints that the modeling environment must enforce at model creation time These constraints are expressed using the standard predicate logic language Object Constraint Language OCL with some additional features and limitations according to metamodeling environment of GME Note that as mentioned earlier metamodels are merely models of modeling environments and as such can be built using the GME A special metamodeling paradigm has been developed that allows metamodels to be constructed using the GME Once a metamodel has been created it is used to automatically generate a domain specific GME The GME is then made available to one or more domain experts who use it to build domain specific models Typically the domain expert s initial modeling efforts will reveal flaws or inconsistencies in the modeling paradigm As the modeling paradigm is refined and improved the metamodel is updated to reflect these refinements and new GMEs are generated Once t
20. The builder objects are instances of these predefined paradigm independent classes For simple paradigm specific or any kind of paradigm independent components they are all the user needs For more complicated components the builder classes can be extended with inheritance By using a pair of supplied macros the user can have the component interface instantiate these paradigm specific classes instead of the built in ones The builder object network will have the functionality provided by the general purpose interface extended by the functionality the component writer needs Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual High Level Component Interface 62 Component Interface Entry Point The Builder h file in component source package defines the high level C component interface The entry point of the component is defined in the Component h in the appropriate subdirectory of the components directory Here is the file at the start of the component writing process ifndef GME INTERPRETER H define GME INTERPRETER H include Builder h define NEW_BON INVOKE define DEPRECATED BON INVOKE IMPLEMENTED class CComponent public CComponent focusfolder NULL CBuilderFolder focusfolder CBuilderFolderList selectedfolders void InvokeEx CBuilder builder CBuilderObject focus CBuilderObjectList selected long param void Invoke CBuilder amp builder CBuilderObjectList amp selected long param endif whole f
21. allowed to simply call features of an object A type of the object and of course the meta type defines the kinds of expressions in which the object can participate In most cases the type of the object in a specific expression is enough to write the expression without type casting but there are some circumstances in which it is necessary An object always has dynamic and static type in an expression The static type is known at the time of writing the expression The dynamic type is determined at run time while the constraint is evaluating There are two known situations in which type casting is required e The static type of the object differs from the well known i e dynamic type of the object To write certain expressions the type must be downcast This is the case when an expression returns an object but its static type is the supertype of the object s dynamic type e The type of the objects overloads or overrides a feature of a supertype in a certain way e g by inheritance To access the supertype s functionality the type of the object must be up cast Type casting is defined by the meta type ocl Any It declares the type cast operator to be a method called oclAsType This method returns the same object but with the type it obtains as an argument To cast one object s type to another the former type has to conform to the new type up casting or the new type has to conform to the former type down casting When
22. bool is false or if both operands are true Returns undefined if bool1 or bool2 are undefined Operator gt is a short circuit operator If bool is false or undefined bool2 will not be evaluated operator not bool ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Returns true if bool is false Returns undefined if bool is undefined ocl Real The type ocl Real represents the mathematical concept of real Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as real or double Its supertype is ocl Any Operators operator reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Boolean Returns true if real1 is equal to real2 operator lt gt reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Boolean Returns true if real1 is not equal to real2 operator lt reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Boolean Returns true if real1 is less than real2 operator lt reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Boolean Returns true if real is less than or equal to real2 operator gt reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Boolean Returns true if real1 is greater than real2 operator gt reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Boolean Returns true if real1 is greater than or equal to real2 operator real ocl Real ocl Real Returns a real which is the opposite of real or 0 0 if real is 0 0 operator reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real oc
23. by a gme Reference Aliases Super Meta Type This meta kind can also be accessed as FCO Its super meta kind is gme Object Attributes gme FCO roleName ocl String Returns the name of the role of the fco which is contained by a model Methods FCO roleName ocl String D connected role ocl lt String 4 kind ocl String gme FCO D connectedFCOs role ocl String kind ocl String gme FCO D connectedFCOs role ocl String kind ocl Type gme FCO connectedFCOs kind ocl Type ocl Set gme FCO bagConnectedFCOs role ocl String kind ocl Type gme FCO bagConnectedFCOs kind ocl Type ocl Bag gme FCO Returns a set or a bag which contains all fcos that are associated with the fco If role is specified then it returns only those which have the same role in the link If kind is specified the kind of connections must be kind If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Connection then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned FCO connectedAs role 2 cols String kind oclssString Set gme FCO D FCO reverseConnectedFCOs role ocl String kind ocl String ocl Set gme FCO D FCO reverseConnectedFCOs role ocl String kind ocl Type ocl Set gme FCO FCO reverseConnectedFCOs kind ocl Type ocl Set gme FCO FCO bagRevers
24. definition file as being allowed to be connected together Remember that connections are inherently directional in nature Connections are made by first placing the editor in the Add Connection Mode then left clicking the source object followed by left clicking on the destination object It is not necessary to go to this mode to create a connection Instead in Edit mode right clicking on the desired source of a new connection and selecting Connect in the context menu changes the cursor to the connect cursor A connection will be made to the object that is left clicked next Or by selecting the Connect command on the destination object as well Note that any other operation such as mode change window change new object creation cancels the instant connection operation Remove Connection Mode By placing the graphical editor in the Remove Connection Mode connections between objects can be removed by simply left clicking on the connection itself or the source and or destination parts Set Mode Set parts are added to a model just like any other part However their members can only be specified when the editor is in Set Mode Once the editor is in this mode right clicking a set will cause all parts even connections in the model that are not part of the given set to be grayed out Left clicking object toggles their membership in the set As they are added removed to the set they regain lose their color and appearance Zoom Mo
25. evaluation As OCL is a predicate and query language during the execution of the constraints nothing is altered in the underlying model In some cases for example the model is quite huge and the evaluation would be time consuming logical operators and iterators may be switched to short circuit mode if the result is already available and the further operation will not modify the model these features can return earlier With these options the performance may be improved Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager e 85 Evaluation Tracking If this option is off constraints evaluation is not debugged and only the context and the result false or undefined are shown in the Constraint Violations dialog This option may be turned on if the user would like to test the paradigm i e constraints Termination of evaluation With these options the user can manage when the evaluation process must terminate If the there were a lot of constraints and the model was too large the Check All command would take too mush time In this case the user can shorten the evaluation to concentrate on the first violations Depth of on demand evaluation If the user wants to evaluate all constraints on the currently selected model she may choose which constraints have to be checked The default is that the constraints of the model and its immediate children are executed Run time exceptions and constraint violations I
26. examples to facilitate the understanding of navigation over associations elements Box Person towner dogs Dos 0 1 D Cee BoxContainment _______ 0 1 container Example for associations Regarding these parts of a paradigm the following OCL expression can be written Assuming that b is a Box bc is a BoxContainment If Box had further association which has elements or container roles then these roles could not be used because of ambiguity Cannot be used in any cases because of recursive containment b box Returns in ocl Set Box If elements was missing that association end would not be accessible from Box b elements Returns in Box If container was missing that association end would not accessible from Box b container Cannot be used in any cases because of recursive containment b boxContainment Returns in ocl Set BoxContainment If container was missing that association class would not be accessible from Box as container b boxContainment container Returns in BoxContainment If elements was missing that association class would not be accessible from Box as element b boxContainment elements Cannot be used in any cases because of recursive containment be box Returns in Box If elements was missing that association end would not accessible from BoxContainment bc elements Returns in Box If conta
27. i e the meta kind does not correspond to the method name then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned gme Project This kind is predefined in GME and has exactly one instance in all models It is introduced to facilitate writing constraint definitions whose context cannot be any of the kinds defined in the paradigm Aliases Supertypes This kind can be accessed as Project Its supertype is ocl Any Operators operator projectl gme Project project2 gme Project ocl Boolean operator lt gt projectl gme Project project2 gme Project ocl Boolean These operators are defined because of consistency But since there is only one instance of gme Project in all projects these features are useless Attributes Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 131 gme project name Returns the name of the project This attribute can be used to check whether the project is included as a library in another project Methods gme project allInstancesOf kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Object Returns a set which contains all objects in the project whose kind is kind If kind is not defined in the paradigm an exception is thrown and undefined is returned gme project rootFolder gme RootFolder Returns the root folder of the project gme RootFolder This kind is predefined in GME and has exactly one instance in all projects I
28. lt attribute gt If the object comes from an implicit variable e If exactly one feature is found resolution is stopped Appendix B OCL and GME e 108 If more features are found then resolution is stopped and an exception is thrown because there are more features which can be accessed in the same way Resolution ends and an exception is thrown because lt attribute gt cannot be resolved If the object comes from an expression i e member selection operator is used If exactly one feature is found resolution is stopped If two attributes are found i e an attribute of the compound object and an attribute of the contained objects then resolution is stopped If the member selection operator is then the compound object s attribute is resolved otherwise the other attribute is resolved If an attribute and an association end are found in this case the object is not compound because it cannot have associations then resolution is stopped and an exception is thrown because of ambiguity Resolution ends and an exception is thrown because lt attribute gt cannot be resolved Resolving an expression which looks like a method call Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Check whether the object has a method which can be called as lt method gt If the object is compound check whether the object has an iterator which can be called as lt method gt If the object comes from an implicit variab
29. menu right clicking the Project Name the user can add folders and other objects as defined in the paradigm Double clicking a model opens it up in a new Editor window Editor Operations Using the Editor window the user can edit the models graphically Menus and editing operations are context sensitive preventing illegal model construction operations Note however that even a syntactically correct model can be invalid semantically This section gives a brief overview of common editor operations such as changing editing modes creating and destroying models placing parts etc Editing Modes The graphical editor has six editing modes Normal Add Connection Delete Connection Set Mode Zoom Mode and Visualization The Editing Modebar Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Using GME 3 e 29 located by default just to the left of the main editing window is used to change between these modes Normal Add A Delete ___ P Connection Connection Set Mode Zoom 4 a Visualization GME Editing Mode Bar The figure above indicates the buttons used to select different editing modes The Editing Modebar is a dockable Windows menu button bar It can be dragged to different positions in the editor floated on top of the editing window or docked to the side of the editor Normal Mode Normal mode is used to add delete move copy parts within editing windows Models from the Model
30. model in a chemical engineering paradigm e References to nodes of a multiprocessor network in a paradigm describing hardware software allocation assignments As mentioned above the icon used to represent the reference part is user defined Model or model reference references that do not have their own icon defined have an appearance similar to the referred to model but without 3D borders Connections and links Merely having parts in a model is not sufficient for creating meaningful models there are relationships among those parts that need to be expressed The GME uses many different methods for expressing these relationships the simplest one being the connection A connection is a line that connects two parts of a model Connections have at least two attributes appearance to aid the modeler in making distinctions between different types of connections and directionality as distinguished by the presence or absence of an arrow head at the destination end of the line Additional connection attributes can be defined in the metamodel depending on the requirements of the particular modeling paradigm The actual semantics of a connection is determined by the modeling paradigm When the connection is being drawn the GME checks whether the connection is legal or not All legal connections are defined in the metamodel Two checks are made to determine the legality of a connection First a check is made to determine if the two typ
31. primitive models If a compound model can contain other models we have a case of model hierarchy In the GME each part atom model reference or set is represented by an icon Parts have a simple paradigm defined icon If no icon is defined for a model it is shown using an automatically generated rectangular icon with a 3D border Atoms Default icon for atoms Atoms or atomic parts are simple modeling objects that do not have internal structure i e they do not contain other objects although they can have attributes vq Atoms can be used to represent entities which are indivisible and exist in the gt 9 context of their parent model urezooo sr example AA File Edit View Window Help g e BWX NG A 154133 Y SZ components AE T Name SubGeneratorC Compound Aspect SignalFlowAspe v Frequency EDIT 100 SF 74 A primitive model SubGeneratorC containing four atoms Examples of atoms are as follows Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual The Generic Modeling Environment e 12 e An output data port on a dataflow block in a signal processing paradigm e A connection link on a processor model in a hardware description paradigm e A process variable in a process model in a chemical engineering paradigm Model Hierarchy As mentioned above models can contain other models as parts models of the same or different kind as the parent model This is a case of model hierarchy The concept can
32. the process above use the mta file instead of the xmp now Using GME with the ODBC backend When one creates or opens projects on SQL servers the only difference is that ODBC data instead of Project file must be chosen in the proper dialog box and the previously created DSN must be selected instead of a regular file GME does not provide facilities to purge ODBC projects To delete a database project the database on the SQL server must be emptied manually drop all user tables If you do not know how to do this or you do not have the privilege to drop these tables ask your SQL server administrator for help Though the database tables created by GME can be easily interpreted it is highly discouraged to operate on them outside of modeling environment The schema of these tables may change between different versions of GME Therefore we do not provide documentation on the internal format of these tables Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix A Database Setup e 93 Appendix B OCL and GME OCL Language In this section we discuss the standard OCL 1 4 structures and expression can be used in GME We summarize all issues which writing constraints in GME based on Type Conformance OCL as specified is a typed language The types that can be used in OCL are organized in a type hierarchy This hierarchy as well as the type inheritance and special properties of meta types correspond to conformance rules describing if
33. these are instances but there is a dependency between the two objects If we modify V6 in Car V6 in Cool Car should also be modified automatically for the same reason if we don t modify Cool Car it should always look like Car itself The same logic applies if we create an instance of Cool Car My Car above It introduces a dependency among others between V6 in My Car and V6 in Cool Car As the figure shows this forms a dependency chain from V6 in My Car through V6 in Cool car and V6 in Car all the way to the Engine type model What happens if we modify V6 in Cool Car by changing an attribute Should an attribute change in V6 in Car propagate down to V6 in Cool Car and below No that attribute has been overridden and the dependency chain broken with respect to that attribute However if the same attribute is changed in V6 in Cool Car that should propagate down to V6 in My Car unless it has already been overridden there The same logic applies to preferences The figure below shows the same set of models but only from the pure type inheritance perspective Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Type Inheritance e 36 Engine Car A Oe oo ACar I ABS i My Car a aS InstanceOf SubTypeOf Type Inheritance Hierarchy Let s summarize the rules of type inheritance in GME 3 e Parts cannot be deleted in subtypes or instances e Parts can be added in subtypes only e Part change
34. value e Variable declaration is supported Performance and readability can be taken into consideration e All OCL operators are implemented e Operators have the right precedence and associativity e All features of predefined primitive types are implemented e Types can be referred as ocl Type and not as ocl String Namespaces can be used e Typecast is implemented e All compound types of OCL are implemented e Almost all predefined iterators exception is sortedBy as well as the generic iterate are supported e Implicit variables are implemented e More sophisticated features and expression resolution are supported e Short circuit operators and iterators are supported e Features defined by MCL are improved More security is provided but these calls remain insecure e The meta kind features are linked to the appropriate meta kinds Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager e 74 e Predefined OCL types are extended with some useful features e Standard access of attributes is supported New and Improved features in GME 3 The following features are new considering the functionality of the former version of Constraint Manager e All former features and functionality are still available although they are either deprecated or improved e New kind gme Project is introduced New predefined variable called project is available in expressions e The Constraint Function is made to be compl
35. Bag ii A ba 121 OU ii A eee ee 122 GME Kinds and Meta Kinds eisenii iird iiaii iiris 124 A ee 125 gme Folder iii ibi 126 METEO A A abs 127 game Connection ii e E A A ii 129 gme Retorna bis 129 MO Oi dd 130 ame AM iii ibid lve ide 130 gme Modelitoni ii A da 130 Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Contents e iii Pile Proein o a iS ad ai 131 gmeRootPolder in o Td dd ek Ree 132 pine Conti ctionPoint ii e a He SEAS 132 Appendix C References 134 Model Integrated Computing References cccescceseceecsseeseeeeeeeseeeseeseceeeeeseeeseeneeneenseenaes 134 Glossary of Terms 135 Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Contents e iv What is new in version 3 0 Among the significant improvements in this version are e Anew OCL compatible constraint manager with a graphical user interface enabling among many things the specification of project or model specific constraints e Advanced search utility in its own modeless dialog box e Improved look and feel e Builder Object Network BON is in a shared directory now making interpreter migration a breeze e Many other features improvements and bug fixes Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual What is new in version 3 0 e 5 Introduction he Generic Modeling Environment GME 3 is configurable model integrated program synthesis tool The Generic Modeling Environment GME 3 is a Windows based domain specific model integrated pro
36. Browser and parts from the Part Browser may be copied by left click dragging the objects into the Editor window Standard Windows keyboard shortcuts Ctrl C to Copy Ctrl V to Paste may also be used A copy operation the default when dragging from the Part Browser is indicated by the small symbol attached to the mouse cursor during the left click drag operation Parts and models may be moved and or copied between models too Here the normal left click dragging operation causes a move operation instead of a copy To copy parts and models between or within models hold down the Ctrl key before dropping New parts and models are given a default name defined in the modeling paradigm Right clicking a part even connection brings up a context menu Choose Properties to edit view an object s properties Choose Attributes to edit its paradigm specific attribute values Right clicking on the background of a model window brings up another context menu that makes it possible to insert any part that is legal in the current aspect of the given model As mentioned earlier reference parts act as pointers to objects providing a reference to that part or model References are created by holding down Ctrl Shift while dropping parts into a new model from another model window or from the Browser When dragging a reference from the Part Browser it is not necessary to hold down any keys because the source already specifies that a referenc
37. CO Returns a set which contains all fcos which are root objects of the folder gme Folder models kind ocl String ocl Set gme Model D gme Folder models kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Model Returns a set which contains all models contained by the folder or by any child folder or model that the folder contains recursively If kind is specified then the set returned will contain objects with kind kind If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Model then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned gme Folder atoms kind ocl String ocl Set gme Atom D gme Folder atoms kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Atom Returns a set which contains all atoms contained by the folder or by any child folder or model that the folder contains recursively If kind is specified then the set returned will contain objects with kind kind If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Atom then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 126 gme FCO The meta kind gme FCO represents a first class object gme FCO can be contained by a gme Model or a gme Folder be associated to any gme FCO inherit properties by either standard or interface or implementation inheritance only in time of meta modeling have attributes be contained by a gme Set and last but not least be referred
38. In summary an object is either not locked at all read only locked by a few users write only locked by a few users or exclusively locked by a single user Note that the object lock states are visualized in the Model Browser The Model Editor The Editing Window When a model is selected for editing an Editor window opens up to allow editing of that model The Editor window shows the contents of the selected model in one aspect at a time Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Using GME 3 e 22 Y System j E fe a x Properties Attributes Preferences Annotations Registry PreProcessing Processing Insert New Model Insert New Atom Insel ew Reference Paste Paste Special Delete Interpret Help A typical model Editing window with an open context menu A typical Editor window is shown above The status line near the top begins with an icon indicating whether the current model is a type T or instance I Next to it is a field indicating the model s name System in this case Next to the model s name is the kind field indicating the kind of model e g Connector Compound Network etc being edited Continuing to the right the Aspect field indicates that this model is being viewed in the Signal FlowAspect Remember a model s appearance included parts and connection types can change as different aspects are selected Finally the right side of the status line shows the base type of this model in
39. Interface e 67 CBuilderModel CreateNewModel CString partName CBuilderAtom CreateNewAtom CString partName CBuilderModelReference CreateNewModelReference CString refPartName CBuilderObject refTo CBuilderAtomReference CreateNewAtomReference CString refPartName CBuilderObject refTo CBuilderSet CreateNewSet CString partName CBuilderConnection CreateNewConnection CString connName CBuilderObject src CBuilderObject dst virtual void TraverseModels void pointer virtual void TraverseChildren void pointer The CBuilderAtom class does not provide any new public methods class CBuilderAtom public CBuilderObject public y The CBuilderAtomReference class provides the GetReferred function that returns the atom or atom reference referred to by the given reference class CBuilderAtomReference public CBuilderObject const CBuilderObject GetReferred const y Even though the GME deals with ports of models since models cannot be connected directly these are the objects that can be the component interface avoids using ports for the sake simplicity However model references mandate the introduction of a new kind of object model reference ports A model reference contains a list of port objects The GetOwner method of the CBuilderReferencePort class return the model reference containing the given port The GetAtom method returns the atom that corresponds to the port of the model that t
40. ME at least replace the string between the parenthesis e Give anew value to COCLASS_UUID a new ID can be generated by the guidgen tool found in Visual Studio e Give a new value to COCLASS_NAME at least replace the string between the parenthesis e Give anew value to COCLASS_PROGID at least replace the last tag of the string e Give a new value to DECORATOR_NAME e Set GME INTERFACES BASE to point to the interfaces directory of your GME installation You have to make these modifications only once When you are upgrading your decorator SDK create a backup of your DecoratorConfig h and restore it after the upgrade Assigning decorators to objects You can assign decorators to objects in your meta model or even later in your model s In the MetaGME 3 environment there is a Decorator attribute for each non connection FCO where you can specify a ProgID along with optional parameter value pairs for a class The format of this string is as follows ProgID paraml valuel param2 value2 e g MGA Decorator MetaDecorator showattributes false showabstract true In your models all the non connection FCOs have a preference setting called Decorator The format of this string is identical to the one in the meta model Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Decorators e 44 Metamodeling Environment Introduction The metamodeling environment has been extended with a new decorator component in version 1 2 or later It di
41. SetParam in name in value GetPortLocation in fco out sx out sy out ex out ey GetLocation out sx out sy out ex out ey IMgaDecorator Functions HRESULT GetFeatures out feature_code features This method tells GME which features the decorator supports Available feature codes are can be combined using the bitwise OR operator F_RESIZABLE decorator supports resizable objects F_MOUSEVENTS decorator handles mouse events F_HASLABEL decorator draws labels for objects outside of the object F_HASSTATE decorator wants to save information in the MGA project F_HASPORTS decorator supports ports in objects F_ANIMATION decorator expects periodic calls of its draw method HRESULT SetParam in BSTR name in VARIANT value If there are some parameters specified for this decorator in the meta model GME will call this method for each parameter value pair HRESULT GetParam in BSTR name out VARIANT value The decorator needs to be able to give back all the parameter value pairs it got with the SetParam method HRESULT Initialize in IMgaProject project in IMgaMetaPart meta in IMgaFCO ob3 This is your constructor like function Read all the relevant data from the project and cache them for later use it is a better approach than querying the MGA project in your drawing method all the time GME will instantiate a new decorator if its MGA object changes Generic Modeling En
42. This type instance relationship is shown in the Inheritance tab We also have an instance model of the SubGenBase subtype called SubGenBase In the Aggregate tab the letter S denotes a subtype while a letter T can be found in front of instances The Meta tab shows the modeling language at a glance it displays the legally available array of Folders and objects that can be added at any level within the aggregate hierarchy For example at the Root Folder level we can add Folder folders Within these folders we can add models Primitive and Compound From these models more parts can be added Model Browser navigation Arrow keys can navigate the selection in vertical directions The Backspace key moves the selection to the parent object The Delete key allow for deletion of the current selection Object name editing is achieved through delayed clicking on an object s name Multiple selection is achieved through Shift or Control clicks Incremental searching is offered for all three tabs through the text entry field immediately below the Aggregate Inheritance and Meta tab selections The search is limited to the currently expanded section of the tree to avoid time consuming search in a potentially large database If a global search is desired pressing the Asterisk key when the root folder is selected fully expands the tree and the search becomes project wide Most hidden functionality offered within the GME 3
43. ULT aspect are listed on the left side The checkboxes represent the visibility information in the proper aspect if an annotation is visible in the DEFAULT aspect it is visible in all the others so in this case the other checkboxes are irrelevant In the X and Y input boxes you can specify the position of your annotation in a specific aspect or the default position You can also clear and set to default the position with setting the Default Pos check box Implementation issues Annotations are stored in the registry of the model All the registry keys and explanation of them can be found in the table below The visualization of annotations is handled by custom decorator COM objects Mga Decorator Annotator which use the very same infrastructure as other custom drawing objects Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Using GME 3 e 27 Registry Key Description annotations This is the root registry key for annotations annotations lt AnnotationName gt The value of this key is the text of the comment annotations lt AnnotationName gt color This key stores the text color of the comment as a 24 bit hexadecimal number annotations lt AnnotationName gt bgcolor This key stores the background color of the comment as a 24 bit hexadecimal number annotations lt AnnotationName gt font The encoded form of the specified font Win32 LOGFONT structure annotations lt AnnotationName gt aspects The key stores the defaul
44. a project the Attach library command of the Model Browser context menu is used Evidently it is possible to attach libraries to folders only The folder that receives the library must be a legal container in the root folder according to the paradigm Since many paradigms do not allow the root folder to be instantiated at other points in the model tree the root folder of any project is exempt from this rule i e it is possible to attach a library to the root folder even if the paradigm does not allow that If the original library project changes it is not automatically reflected in the projects that import it It is possible however to refresh the imported library images through the Refresh library function in the browser context menu It is possible to specify an alternate name for the library in case it has been moved for example When a library is refreshed changes in the library are propagated to the library image and to the subtypes and instances created from the library objects During this process complex scenarios can occur First objects may have been deleted from the library which means that images of these objects and associations references connections to them need to be deleted Another typical case is when an association is changed in the library which requires changing of the associations that depend on Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Libraries e 39 the changed object and may also require changing othe
45. a streams etc useful in the domain being modeled Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Glossary of Terms e 136 Model translators See Model interpreters modeling paradigm The syntactic semantic and presentation information necessary to create models of systems within a particular domain MultiGraph Architecture A toolset for creating domain specific modeling environments OCL Object Constraint Language a companion language to the UML paradigm See modeling paradigm POSIX Portable Operating System Interface An IEEE standard designed to facilitate application portability Primitive model A model that cannot contain other models Reference parts Objects that refer to 1 e point to other objects atomic parts or models References See Reference parts Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Glossary of Terms e 137
46. abled and cannot be used Constraints depending on a failed Definition are not available as well Evaluating the constraints During modeling time the well formed and valid constraints are used to maintain the model s consistency Constraints can be evaluated in several ways These are the following 1 Event based constraints are evaluated if the appropriate event i e the event that triggers the constraint is performed on the objects These constraints may be evaluated even if they are not associated with the object which received the event see Depth attribute of Invariant 2 All existing constraints defined by either a library the model or the paradigm can be evaluated on demand executing the File Check Check All command 3 All constraints associated to the active and opened Model or associated to its immediate and indirect children can be evaluated on demand executing the File Check Check command Examining the children may be excluded at the Constraint Browser dialog s Settings page Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager e 84 4 A specific constraint can be evaluated for all objects to which it applies at the Constraint Browser dialog s Constraints page 5 Fora specific object all constraints can be evaluated at the Constraint Browser dialog s Kinds and Types page or executing the Constraint Check command of the context menu of the Model Browser Before interpreting a model it i
47. accessed by the name of the type at the association end If the names of the types are ambiguous as well then this navigation is not available From an association end the association class es can be accessed using the name of the association class starting with a lowercase character If the association is recursive then the role of the starting point i e association end has to follow the name of the association class in brackets If the roles are ambiguous then the association class is not accessible To navigate from the association class to association end the role of the association end has to be used If it is ambiguous then the name of the type at the association end must be used The ambiguity rules are the same as before Navigating from the association class always results in one object a consequence of the definition of the association class Composition is considered to be a special association but there is no difference in OCL In extensions of OCL it is likely that features defined by meta types are mapped to special associations with special roles Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 104 The ambiguity rules can be eased by extensions of OCL but it may lead to errors in those implementations because they follow the strict rules of OCL lt expression gt lt roleName gt lt expression gt lt typeName gt lt roleName gt Here are some
48. aes 84 Altering the evaluation process ccccesccesesssesssecseeeseeeseesecescensecesecesecaecnaecaecaeeeneeaes 85 Run time exceptions and constraint Violations ecceecceeceseceseceseceseensecneeeneeeseenes 86 Constraints in the model 1 205552 se5c2 ss est ee tia 88 Appendix A Database Setup 92 GME 3 Database Support v c2 cccie an Geka cence r de enna ean ous 92 Server side installation ri 92 Client sides tea renal Ds a ts Ab ala da Di tanta 92 Preparing GME for multiuser access ooooooncociconocononoconoconocononn noo ccoo nono non nrnn nono ncnn noria 93 Using GME with the ODBC backend ooooooconoccioconoconononnnonnnonconoconocn nooo ncon ccoo ncnnnonnnnos 93 Appendix B OCL and GME 94 A NS 94 Type CONFOTMAN EE ctrl aliada d ninst 94 Context of a CONSTE A AA ANARE iaa 95 Types of Constraints Expressions cscccsseesseeseeeeceesceseceseceseceseeaeceaecaaecaeeeneeeneenes 95 Common OCL EXpresSions cscccsseessesscesseeseesseeeeeeseeeecnseceaeceaecesecaecaeecseeeeeeneeess 97 Type Related Expressions ccscccsseesseeseeesceeeceseeeseeeaecsaeceeceaecnaecsaecaeeeaeeeseeneeentenes 102 RESOLU AR ULES eii 106 Predefined OCLs Types e asic oh adeasbtn laste ties bones 110 O AO 110 O 254 S E A E loam AE A os oh sagt hte ON ge 111 OC EEUU AMIA A dio ooh ec eee ees da 113 O EBO Ai bi 113 O A E E 114 AS O pe 116 ocli Typene ee 117 DECO AA RE ER EE RRE aac i ee Es 118 A AR NA 120 otl
49. ained in EnumAttr BooleanAttr FieldAttr Semantics Guide to Metamodeling The following table displays the representation of the concepts of GME 3 and how they translate semantically into core MGA concepts Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Metamodeling Environment 60 Stereotype name Context Semantics amp Implications First Class Objects FCO s The class is an MGA model The class is an MGA atom connection A class The class is an MGA connection must be used as an Association Class The class is an MGA reference The class is an MGA set A class abstract only The class is a base type of another FCO Associations Containment An association with diamond between The model contains the specified FCO as a part a model and an FCO AssociationClass An association between a connection The connection contains all of the roles that the class and an Association Connector Association Connection has models the connection join ReferTo A directed association between a The instances of the reference class will refer to reference and a model atom or the instances of the model atom or reference reference class Association Classes connection An association between a src dst pair The connection class represents the src dst pair s or an n ary connection in the general as an MGA connection note the connection is an sense that is attr
50. al properties values These properties are the following Event special interpretation of messages of OCL 2 0 A constraint by default can be evaluated on demand If the user associates events for a constraint it will be evaluated as well when the context s object receives such kind of events With these properties if at least one is set an invariant constraint can be considered as a post condition If the constraint has no events associated then the constraint is evaluated on demand only The events are the following e On close model The user closes the model Model e On create The user creates an object Object e On delete The user deletes an object Object e On new child The user creates an object in a model or folder Model Folder e On lost child The user removes an object in a model or folder Model Folder e On move The user moves an object Object e On derive The user creates a subtype or an instance of a type Model Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager e 79 e On connect The user connects the fco to another FCO e On disconnect The user disconnects the fco to another FCO e On change registry The user modifies the object s registry Object Not implemented e On change attribute The user changes the value of an attribute of the fco FCO e On change property The user changes the value of a property of the obj
51. an Returns true if enum is not the same value as enum2 ocl Boolean The type ocl Boolean represents the logical type of OCL Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as bool Its supertype is ocl Any Operators operator booll ocl Boolean bool2 ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Returns true if bool1 equals to bool2 operator lt gt booll ocl Boolean bool2 ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Returns true if bool1 does not equal to bool2 operator and booll ocl Boolean enum2 ocl Boolean ocl Boolean operator amp amp booll ocl Boolean bool2 ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Returns true if bool1 and bool2 are true Returns undefined if bool1 or bool2 are undefined Operator amp amp is a short circuit operator If bool is false or undefined bool2 will not be evaluated operator or booll ocl Boolean enum2 ocl Boolean ocl Boolean operator booll ocl Boolean bool2 ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Returns true if bool or bool2 are true Returns undefined if bool1 and bool2 are undefined Operator is a short circuit operator If bool is true bool2 will not be evaluated Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 113 operator implies booll ocl Boolean enum2 ocl Boolean ocl Boolean operator gt booll ocl Boolean bool2 ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Returns true if
52. and how a type conforms to another These rules include the following Common rules e A type conforms to itself e A type conforms to its supertypes direct or indirect supertypes e A type conforms to its meta type e A type conforms to supermeta types of its meta type Compound meta type related additional rules applies to Collection Set Bag and Sequence e Acompound type conforms to another compound type if its contained type conforms to another s contained type Record meta type related additional rules applies to Tuple e A tuple conforms to another tuple if its contained member types conforms to another s contained member types and these members names are the same Paradigm types related additional rules e A type defined in a meta model paradigm conforms to another type from which it is derived This rule is applicable if and only if inheritance is defined for these types These rules are extended because the next version of OCL will introduce the feature to access meta kind information Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 94 Context of a Constraint As we mentioned earlier an OCL constraint is always written in the context of a specific type In this implementation the type can be only a type defined in the paradigm The context is always accessible anywhere in a constraint as a special variable called self This is also a reserved keyword of OCL A constraint
53. are represented by the modeling paradigm Therefore creating the modeling paradigm is the first and most important step in creating a DSME A modeling paradigm is defined by the kind of models that can be built using it how they are organized what information is stored in them etc When GME is tailored for a particular application domain the modeling paradigm is determined and the tool is configured accordingly Typically the end users do not change these paradigm definitions and they are fixed for a particular instance of GME of course they may change as the design environment evolves Examples of modeling paradigms are as follows e Paradigms for modeling signal flow graphs and hardware architecture for high performance signal processing domains e Paradigms for process models and equipment models used in chemical engineering domains e Paradigms for modeling the functionality and physical components of fault modeling domains e Paradigms that describe other paradigms These are referred to as meta paradigms and are used to create metamodels These metamodels are Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual The Generic Modeling Environment e 10 Metamodels are formal descriptions of concrete domain specific environments With Interpreters users can perform analysis on models or translate them Default icon representing models in GME then used to automatically generate a modeling environment for the target domain
54. asic mode the field items are separated by carriage returns in the order in which they should be listed in the menu In this case the text used as the menu will be the same as value of the menu In the expanded mode it is possible to list the definite values to be used for the menu elements This is done by separating the displayed value from the actual value with a comma Example NamePositian pg Attributes Preferences Properties Name position North 0 Northeast 1 East 2 Southeast 3 South 4 Southwest 5 Sample enumerated attribute specification Note that the displayed and actual value need not be of the same basic type character integer float etc because it will all be converted to text Contained in EnumAttr Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Metamodeling Environment e 57 Name position Enumeration that lists the nine places that the name of an FCO can be displayed Default value South Contained in Atom Set Reference Model Object is a port Boolean checkbox that determines whether or not the FCO will be viewable as a port within the model Default value Unchecked Contained in Containment On The Constraint has many attributes which are similar except for the type of event to which they refer They are all boolean checkboxes that give the constraint manager the authority to check this constraint when certain events occur e g Model creation deleti
55. ation and XMP files interpreted by the former Meta Interpreter can still be imported and used These Constraint Functions will be recognized as Method Definitions with the context of the singleton gme Project and with ocl Boolean as the return type Errors may occur however because these methods cannot be called in expressions as a function rather as a method of the predefined variable called project Therefore only these slight modifications must be made manually Using Constraints in GME As an expert metamodeler knows in the paradigms there are rules that cannot be expressed only with class diagrams These constraints used to be written in informal language 1 e annotations and the modeler interpreted it freely even she might have misunderstood the semantics and or the syntax In GME 3 we support a constraint language which is compliant with OCL 1 4 Because of this more sophisticated rules can be written and built into the paradigms Constraints defined by the Paradigm Constraints can be associated only to kinds In order to do this we have to switch to the Constraints aspect in the Metamodeling Environment of GME and we may drag amp drop a new Constraint to the Model Editor Constraints can be connected to any kind in the paradigm In this case the context of the constraint will be the appropriate kind otherwise i e the constraint is stand alone its context will be the singleton instance of gme RootFolder Constrai
56. be explained as follows models represent the world on different levels of abstraction A model that contains other models represents something on a higher level of abstraction since many details are not visible A model that does not contain other models represents something on a lower level of abstraction This hierarchical organization helps in managing complexity by allowing the modeler to present a larger part of the system albeit with less detail by using a higher level of abstraction At a lower level of abstraction more detail can be presented but less of the system can be viewed at one time Examples where hierarchy is useful are as follows e Hierarchical dataflow diagrams in a signal processing paradigm e Process model hierarchy in a chemical engineering paradigm e Hierarchically organized networks of processors in a paradigm describing multiprocessors QQ GME2000 SF Example 10 x File Edit View Window Help 7 g BAKIATD 4 Aala H y S A MH E components O M SuperGen lol x a T Name SuperGen Compound Aspect SignalFlom spe y Base za GeneratorB GeneratorA EDIT 100 SF2000 04 44 PM 4 Compound model SuperGen containing several Generator models Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual The Generic Modeling Environment e 13 Default icon for references pointing to null References References are parts that are similar in concept to pointers found in various programming la
57. bject and scroll the model so that the object becomes visible Locking Using the MS Repository or ODBC backends distributed multi user access is allowed to the same project To ensure consistency GME 3 implements a sophisticated locking mechanism There are four different types of locks from the perspective of a user An object can be not locked read only locked write only locked or exclusively locked When an object is read only locked then other users may access the same object but only in read only mode The read only lock guarantees that all information read from the object is up to date and cannot be modified by other users while the lock is held When an object is write only locked then others can still access the same object write only but not read only or exclusively The write only lock guarantees that the object is kept modifiable while the write only lock is held It gives no guarantee however that any information read from the object is up to date Reference objects are the prime reason for introducing the write only lock Multiple users must be allowed to make references to the same target model To make matters worse different users have different undo queues possibly containing modifications to the same objects Holding a write only lock on the target model and exclusive locks on the reference objects solves this problem Finally an exclusive lock is equivalent to holding read only and write only locks simultaneously
58. ble called project in addition to self Through project the user can obtain all instances of a kind and attach constraint definitions to them The instances should be associated with the paradigm itself rather than with the particular kind of the paradigm Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager e 78 Type Resolution In GME namespaces are used to refer to kinds meta kinds predefined OCL types and predefined GME kinds unambiguously If the user does not use namespace than the type resolution is well defined The order of resolution e Look for a kind defined in the paradigm e Look for a meta kind defined by MetaGME e Look for a predefined OCL type For example be careful when using ocl Set without namespace because it is first resolved in a meta kind gme Set The following is a list of pre existing namespaces e Predefined OCL types are in the ocl namespace e Predefined meta kinds of GME are in the gme namespace e Kinds defined in the paradigm can be referred to unambiguously using the namespace meta Invariants In GME only invariant constraints can be written although a GME constraint has further properties with which the invariant closes to post condition constraints In standard OCL an invariant constraint is defined if both the type of the context and the equation of the constraint are specified However a constraint is defined completely if the user names the invariants and sets the addition
59. ble in the model in the page Constraints of the Constraint Browser The page displays the state i e not avaiable because of errors well formed and valid the type and the full name for each constraint Selecting the items in the list and clicking on the Check button make the user able to evaluate specific constraint on demand Double clicking on a constraint the user is able to look at its expression and its other attributes If the constraint is neither a paradigm constraint nor a library constraint its definition can be changed easily with the exception of the context and the name Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager e 88 Constraint Browser a Constraints Kinds and Types Settings M meta AND InConnectionCount ME meta NOT InConnectionCount O meta NOT OnlyOneInConnection 9 meta Circuit Constraint_to_XOR MO meta Circuit Constraint_to_OR a SN Constraint full names Constraint types Constraint states Add a new Constraint to the model Load all Remove a user defined Constraint from the model Evaluate the selected Constraints Constraints in the model Add and Remove constraints constraint Properties Identity Expression Events Co naa ci J I identity Expression Events Expression This constraint is dummy a true On create m Identity Expression Events On connect Vv On new child a Hare Constraint to XOR On refer a Onee nest r Descrip
60. can be evaluated to objects which are instances of the type of the context If a constraint evaluates to false the object violates the constraint Ifa constraint evaluates to undefined then one or more exceptions were thrown while the constraint was evaluating A constraint can be named In some circumstances this is a requirement rather than an option in order to make a distinction between constraints of a type The constraint s defined name will be the concatenation of the type of the context and the name of the constraint In this implementation each constraint expression has to have context declaration The context declaration differs from constraint type to constraint type Types of Constraints Expressions Invariants A constraint can be an Invariant An invariant must be true for all instances of the type of the context at any time In the case of invariants the special variable self can be renamed in this case self is not accessible context lt contextName gt lt typeName gt inv lt constraintName gt lt expression gt e g context Person inv DontHaveDogs context p Person inv Pre conditions A constraint can be a Pre condition A pre condition can be associated with any behavioral feature In order to define the context of the constraint the user has to specify the name the parameters and the returned type of the feature In a pre condition the parame
61. ceive events specified by the events attributes This is the default value e any the constraint will be evaluated if the context s object and or any of its descendants receive events specified by the events attributes Constraint Definitions In the former version of the Constraint Manager only Constraint Functions could be defined They were similar to Constraint Method Definitions with the limitation that they only could return ocl Boolean In this implementation the Constraint Function is updated to be compliant with the Constraint Definitions specified by OCL 2 0 The set of the attributes of the former Constraint Function is extended The attributes include the following Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager e 80 e Stereotype Stereotype of the definition it can be either method or attribute e Return type The returned kind or meta kind of the definition e Context The context of the definition It can be either a kind or a meta kind e Parameter list The parameters of the method definition separated by a comma e Equation The expression of the definition The definition of Constraint Definitions requires that the context the return type and the expression must always be defined Due to this extension the Meta Interpreter of GME had to be slightly altered in order to better interpret the extended Constraint Functions Of course XML files exported before this modific
62. checks whether the name is the name of a kind defined in the paradigm and whether the kind conforms to the expected meta kind If these conditions are not satisfied the proper exception is thrown and undefined is returned e The implementation of all features before performing checks whether the object is null If it is null exception is thrown and undefined is returned The benefits of these features are e The cautious modeler has free rein in writing expressions because the features are not fully checked e A constraint can already be attached to different kinds without dealing with difference and conformance because the features are defined by meta kinds We strongly recommend that the special feature gme FCO attribute should not be used In MCL this method returns objects with different types depending on the type of the attribute This feature is also not very secure in the expression oclAsType it returns ocl Any in this implementation It is better to somehow cast the kind itself and use the standard access of attributes defined by OCL Special Features of Predefined OCL Types In GME there are some special features with which predefined OCL types are extended but they are not part of OCL specification These are in order e ocl String intValue This feature exists because of backward compatibility thus it is deprecated Standard ocl String tolnteger must be used instead e ocl String doub
63. cl String D This method has the same functionality as the gme ConnectionPoint cpRoleName attribute gme ConnectionPoint target gme FCO Returns the fco to which this connection point is attached gme ConnectionPoint owner gme Connection Returns the connection that has this connection point gme ConnectionPoint peer gme ConnectionPoint If the connection point is owned by a binary connection then it returns the other connection point of the connection otherwise 1t throws an exception and returns undefined gme ConnectionPoint usedReferences ocl Sequence gme FCO Returns a sequence which contains all references used by the connection point The first reference is farthest from the target of the connection point Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 133 Appendix C References Model Integrated Computing References The following references provide detailed information on Model Integrated Computing technology development and application S White et al Systems Engineering of Computer Based Systems IEEE Computer pp 54 65 November 1993 J Sztipanovits et al MULTIGRAPH An Architecture for Model Integrated Computing Proceedings of the IEEE ICECCS 95 pp 361 368 Nov 1995 D Oliver T Kelliher J Keegan Jr Engineering Complex Systems with Models and Objects New York McGraw Hill 1997 J Sztipa
64. class does override this function It enumerates all of its children and calls their Traverse method class CBuilderObject public CObject const CString amp GetName const bool SetName CString newname void GetNamePath CString amp namePath const const CString amp GetKindName const const CString amp GetPartName const const CBuilderModel GetParent const CBuilderFolder GetFolder const bool GetLocation CString amp aspectName CRect loc bool SetLocation CString aspectName CPoint loc void DisplayError CString amp msg const void DisplayError char msg const void DisplayWarning CString msg const void DisplayWarning char msg const bool GetAttribute CString amp name CString val const bool GetAttribute char name CString amp val const bool GetAttribute CString amp name int amp val const bool GetAttribute char name int amp val const bool GetAttribute CString amp name bool amp val const bool GetAttribute char name bool amp val const bool SetAttribute CString amp name CString amp val bool SetAttribute CString amp name int val bool SetAttribute CString name bool val void GetStrAttributeNames CStringList amp list const void GetIntAttributeNames CStringList amp list const void GetBoolAttributeNames CStringList amp list const void GetReferencedBy CBuilderObjectList amp list const const CBuilderConnectionList GetInConne
65. clearly separates the focus object from the selected objects Depending on the invocation method both of these parameters may be empty To maintain compatibility with existing components the following preprocessor constants have been designated for inclusion in the Component h file NEW_BON_INVOKE if defined in Component h indicates that the new BON is being used If it is not defined e g if the Component h from an old BON is being used the framework works in compatibility mode Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual High Level Component Interface 63 DEPRECATED_BON_INVOKE_IMPLEMENTED In most cases only the CComponent InvokeEx needs to be implemented by the component programmer and the ImgaComponent Invoke method of the original COM interface also results in a call to InvokeEx If however the user prefers to leave the existing Component Invoke method to be called in this case the define of this constant enables this mode InvokeEx must be implemented anyway as NEW_BON_INVOKE is still defined IMPLEMENT_OLD_INTERFACE_ONLY this constant can be included in old Component h files only to fully disable support for the IMgaComponentEx COM interface GME invokes to the old interface if the InvokeEx is not supported Using this constant is generally not recommended If none of the above constants are defined the BON framework interface is compatible with the old Ccomponent classes Censequently older BON code Co
66. components of sets class CBuilderSet public CBuilderObject public const CBuilderModel GetOwner const const CBuilderObjectList GetMembers const bool AddMember CBuilderObject part bool RemoveMember CBuilderObject part y Example The following simple paradigm independent interpreter displays a message box for each model in the project For the sake of simplicity it assumes that there is no folder hierarchy in the given project The component cpp file is shown below tinclude stdafx h tinclude Component h void CComponent InvokeEx CBuilder builder CBuilderO0bject focus CBuilderObjectList selected long param const CBuilderFolderList folds builder GetFolders POSITION fPos folds gt GetHeadPosition while fPos CBuilderFolder fold folds gt GetNext fPos const CBuilderModelList roots fold gt GetRootModels POSITION rootPos roots gt GetHeadPosition while rootPos ScanModels roots gt GetNext rootPos fold gt GetName void CComponent ScanModels CBuilderModel model CString fName AfxMessageBox model gt GetName model found in the fName folder const CBuilderModelList models model gt GetModels POSITION pos models gt GetHeadPosition while pos ScanModels models gt GetNext pos f Name Extending the Component Interface The previous example used the build in classes only The component wri
67. cription Text field that is displayed when the constraint is violated Contained in Constraint Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Metamodeling Environment e 55 Displayed name String value that gives the displayed name of a Folder or Aspect This will be the value that is shown in the model browser or aspect tab respectively A blank value will result in the displayed name being equal to the name of the class Contained in Folder Aspect Field default Text field that gives the default value of the FieldAttr Contained in Field Attr General preferences Text field multiple lines that allows a user to enter data to be transferred directly into the XML file This is a highly specific text area and is normally not used The occasions for using this area is to configure portions of the paradigm that the Metamodeling environment has not yet been developed to configure Contained in FCO Atom Model Set Connection Reference Global scope A boolean checkbox that refers to the definition scope of the attribute In most cases it is sufficient to leave this attribute in 1ts default state true The reason for giving the option of scope is to be able to include attributes with the same names in different FCO s and have those attributes be different In this case it is necessary to include local scoping i e remove the global scope or the paradigm file will be ambiguous Default value Checked Contai
68. ctions CString amp name const const CBuilderConnectionList GetInConnections char name const const CBuilderConnectionList GetOutConnections CString name const const CBuilderConnectionList GetOutConnections char name const Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual High Level Component Interface e 66 L GetInConnectedObjects const CString amp name CBuilderObjectList amp list L GetInConnectedObjects const char name CBuilderObjectList list L GetO0utConnectedObjects const CString amp name BuilderObjectList list L GetOutConnectedObjects const char name CBuilderObjectList list bool GetDirectInConnections CString name CBuilderObjectList list bool GetDirectInConnections char name CBuilderObjectList amp list bool GetDirectOutConnections CString name CBuilderObjectList amp list bool GetDirectOutConnections char name CBuilderObjectList list virtual void TraverseChildren void pointer 0 The CBuilderModel class is the most important class in the component interface simply because models are the central objects in the GME They contain other objects connections sets they have aspects etc The GetChildren function returns a list of all children i e all objects the model contains models atoms sets references and connections The GetModels method returns the list of contained models If a role name is supplied then only the specified part list is returned The GetAtoms
69. cular modeling paradigm Within a project the models are further organized into modeling folders Folders themselves and models in one folder can be organized hierarchically although standalone models can also be present The Model Browser is used to view or look at the entire project at a glance All models and folders can be shown and folders models and any kind of parts can be added moved and deleted using the Model Browser controls This is described in more detail below The Part Browser The Part Browser window shows the parts that can be inserted into the current model in the current aspect It shows all parts except for connections At the bottom of the Part Browser tabs show the available aspects of the current model Clicking on a tab will change the aspect of the current model to the selected one It also attempts to change the aspect of all the open models If a particular model does not have the given aspect its current aspect remains active The Part Browser can be used to drag a single object at a time and drop it either in any editor window or in the Model Browser If a reference is dragged a null reference is created because the target object is unspecified Remember that references null references included can be redirected at any time by dropping a new target on top of them see more detailed discussion where the drag and drop operations are described Note that the Part Browser window just like the Model Bro
70. d lt id gt If there is such a variable resolution is stopped Check whether an implicit object implicit variable has features which can look like lt id gt e Ifan implicit object has exactly one feature then resolution is stopped e Ifthe object has more features then resolution is stopped and an exception is thrown because of ambiguity caused by features with the same names Resolution ends and an exception is thrown because lt id gt cannot be resolved Resolving a text which looks like a function Check whether there is a function matching lt function gt If there is such a function resolution is stopped Check whether an implicit object implicit variable has features which can look like lt function gt e Ifan implicit object has exactly one feature then resolution is stopped e Ifthe object has more features then resolution is stopped and an exception is thrown because of ambiguity caused by features with the same signatures Resolution ends and an exception is thrown because lt function gt cannot be resolved Resolving an expression which looks like an attribute call Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Check whether the object has an attribute called lt attribute gt Check whether the object has access to an association end whose role or type considered as role looks like lt attribute gt If the object is compound check whether the contained objects have an attribute called
71. dard OCL rules about accessing an association end are allowed then it is likely that meny association ends cannot be used due to ambiguity Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager e 75 e Fora kind which is defined in the paradigm if either its kind is gme FCO or its Is Abstract flag is set then it cannot be referred in OCL expressions because these types will not appear in the interpreted meta e Inheritance information cannot be acquired between two kinds defined by the paradigm because this knowledge is lost during the interpretation e Although standard OCL says that meta kind information cannot be obtained in expressions referring to meta kinds is allowed For the time being this is the only way to get some common information about kinds e Ifa constraint is associated with a kind then the kind and all of its descendants will get a constraint object which is the same as the defined one but is a distinct entity This problem grows in size along with the sizes of the XMP and XML files e Ifthe modeler would like to write a Constraint Definition and attach it to the kind then the definition will be associated only with that kind and not with its descendants This is because there is no such a mechanism mentioned in the previous point Therefore if the modeler wants to have a definition attached to more than one kind she must define a meta kind as the context of the definition Though the propagating mec
72. de The Zoom Mode allows the user the view the models at different levels of magnification The supported range is between 10 and 300 Left clicking anywhere in a model window zooms in while right clicking zooms out The zoom level is window specific Visualization Mode The Visualization Mode allows single objects and collections of objects neighborhoods of objects to be visually highlighted with respect to other modeling objects This is useful when examining and or discussing complex models To enter the Visualization Mode select the Visualization Mode button on the GME editing mode bar see picture above This will cause all visible parts and connections to become grayed out Next the user may click on objects using either Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Using GME 3 e 31 the left or right mouse buttons to make them fully visible again Left and right clicking have different effects as described below Left clicking on any part toggles the visibility of the object For connections their source and destination objects are toggled The user may continue to select parts in this manner highlighting hiding more and more objects Right clicking on a part will toggle the visibility of the object and the objects at the ends of its connections Note that exactly those connections are highlighted at any one time that connect highlighted objects Miscellaneous operations The following operations are only accessib
73. dify this It also opens the Annotations dialog where you can customize the text and appearance of your comment Editing Annotations There are several methods for editing your annotations You can open the Annotations dialog from the main menu bar Edit Annotations or from the context menu Annotations You can also launch this dialog with double clicking on one of your annotations Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Using GME 3 e 26 Name UML Kind ParadigmSheet Role N A Name Text Annotation Annotation We are using OCL for describing constrai AnnotationO On this diagram you can find the definitio Name Annotation Annotation2 ClassCopies enable us to describe obja Text On this diagram you can find the definition of the basic entities in a UML model Color ee youn MOS Font Arial 12 Regular aa Visibility Aspect A pe E ClassDiagram O Visualization y 266 B DEFAULT O Constraints O Attributes IF Default Pos Annotation editor On the left side of the dialog in the figure above all the annotations in the active model are available On the right hand side panel you can customize the selected commentary The Name Text Color Background and Font settings are self explanatory The Visibility sub panel enables you to fine tune the position and visibility in an aspect based manner All the aspects of the active model and a special DEFA
74. dow QP GME2000 SF Example Lowel Ho Menubar d dax 4713494 MEMO Components Toolbar U T Name Sytem Compound Aspect SignaFloraspe Base N A Model Modebar 5 Y q a Model Editing Windows Browser PreProcessing Processing PostProcessing Z Processing 0 T Name Processing Compound Aspect SignaFkwAspe Base N A Brancho Attribute Branch1 Browser x Branch fort Partbrowser CompoundParts Statusbar Pasestedues SpraFlondspat Abusos Preterences Properties a OutputSignals Script Computel me o InputSignals PrimitiveParts EDIT 100 5F2000 11 39 AM Ready GME 3 Main Editing Window The GME main editing window has the following components Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Titlebar Indicates the currently loaded project Menubar Commands for certain operations on the model Toolbar Icon button shortcuts for several editing functions Placing the mouse cursor over a toolbar button briefly displays the name action of the button Modebar Buttons for selecting and editing modes The Generic Modeling Environment e 9 GME Concepts e Editing area The main model editing area containing the model editing windows e Partbrowser Shows the parts that can be inserted in the current aspect of the current model e Statusbar The line at the b
75. dow or it can be docked to any side of the GME 3 Main window The Model Browser As mentioned earlier the GME is a configurable graphical editing environment It is configured to work within a particular modeling paradigm via a paradigm definition file Paradigm definition files are XML files that use a particular GME 3 specific Document Type Definition DTD Models cannot be created and edited until a paradigm definition file or its compiled binary version with mta extension has been opened Once a project has been loaded the GME opens a Model Browser window The Model Browser is primarily used to organize the individual models that make up an overall project while the graphical editor is used for actually constructing the project s individual models ix Aggregate Inheritance Meta 9 SF2000 Gen Systems 3 SignalFlow A GeneratorA if GeneratorB SubGeneratorC Channel 3 Frequency Output Signal 3 Size SuperGen lA GeneratorA lA GeneratorA lA GeneratorB 8 In 3 Out Model Browser showing folders and models The most important high level features of the Model Browser are accessible through the three tabs displayed at the top of the Model Browser These tabs deal with the Aggregate Inheritance and Meta hierarchies The Aggregate tab contains a tree based containment hierarchy of all folders models and parts from the highest level of the project the Root Folder The aggregate hierarchy
76. e Delete Select All Standard Windows operations Paste Special A submenu makes it possible to paste the current clipboard data as a reference subtype or instance Paste Special only works if the data source is the current project and the current GME 3 instance Cancel Used to cancel a pending connect disconnect operation Preferences Shows the preferences available for the current model see detailed discussion in a separate section below Registry The registry is a property extension mechanism any object can contain an arbitrarily deep tree structure of simple key value pairs of data Selecting this menu item opens up a simple dialog box where the current object s registry can be edited Special care must be taken when editing the registry since it is being used by the GME 3 GUI to store visualization information and domain specific interpreters may use it too Using GME 3 e 25 Annotations e Synch Aspects The layout of objects in an aspect is independent of other aspects However using this functionality the layout in one source aspect can be propagated to multiple destination aspects A dialog box enables the selection of the source and destination aspects The objects that participate in this operation can also be controlled here The default selection is all the visible objects in the source aspect if none of them were selected in the editing window otherwise only the selected ones Two check boxes control the order
77. e and cannot be either self result or the name of the context The special postfix operator pre may only be used in a post condition This feature is not implemented yet For the time being this constraint type is not fully implemented because so far it has not been a requirement for GME and UDM context lt contextName gt lt typeName gt lt featureName gt lt paramName gt lt paramType gt lt paramName gt lt paramType gt lt typeName gt post lt constraintName gt lt expression gt e g context Person GetSalary month int real post ValidSalary context p Person CheckIn post Attribute Definition This feature of OCL is included here because constraint types must be dealt with in a uniform way However an Attribute Definition is not really a constraint It can be considered an extension of a type in the aspect of constraints An attribute definition is an attribute of a type that can be accessed only in OCL constraints It has the same properties as a well known attribute It always has a name and the returned type The name must not conflict with other attributes definitions attributes of the type or roles and names of types which can be accessed through navigation context lt typeName gt lt attributeName gt lt typeName gt defattribute lt express
78. e atom corresponding to its stereotype or inserting the atom through the menu Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Metamodeling Environment e 46 How to specify an Attribute for an FCO Create and configure the Attribute and the FCO Connect the Attribute to the FCO Now the Attribute belongs to the FCO Atom This class represents an Atom The Atom is the simplest kind of object in one sense because it cannot contain any other parts but it is complex to define because of the many different contributions it can make to a Model Reference etc An Atom has the Icon Name Port Icon Name and Name Position attributes How to set that an Atom is a Port Configure the Atom to be a member of a Model Click on the attributes of the Containment association between the Atom and the Model Assert the Object Is A Port attribute Reference To represent a Reference class two things must be specified the FCO to which this Reference refers and the Model to which the Reference belongs A Reference has the Icon Name and Name Position attributes How to specify containment of a Reference in a Model Connect the Reference to the Model Resolve the prompt for connection type as Containment How to specify the FCO to which a Reference refers Connect the Reference to the FCO If the FCO is of type Model an additional prompt is displayed exactly the same as when giving ownership to the Model as in the previous step This time cho
79. e is to be created In this case however a null reference is created since there is no target object specified similar to using the context menu to insert a reference References can be redirected i e the object they refer to can be changed Simply drop an object on top of an existing reference and if the object kind matches the reference is redirected Note that the type hierarchy places restrictions on this operation as well see later in the Type Inheritance chapter Subtypes and instances of models can be created by holding down Alt Shift and Alt keys respectively during the drop operation Type inheritance is described in a separate chapter Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Using GME 3 e 30 Parts and models may be removed by left clicking to highlight them and either selecting Delete from the Edit menu or by pressing the Delete key Note that any connections attached to an object will also be deleted when that part or model is deleted Also remember that parts can only be deleted after all references to them have already been deleted Add Connection Mode This mode allows connections to be made between modeling objects Connections may exist between two atomic parts between two model ports think of these as connection points on models or between an atomic part and a model port Remember however that connections are a paradigm specific notion and will only be allowed between objects specified by the paradigm
80. e most specific help URL available for the given object If no help URL is found the program defaults to the appropriate section of the User s Manual located on the ISIS web server When the appropriate URL is located GME 3 invokes the default web browser on the current machine and displays the contents of the URL If no network connection is available the help system will be unable to display the information unless the web server is running on the current machine or the URL refers to a local file Searching objects The Search facility in GME 3 has been updated from a plugin to a full ActiveX component This allows you to click or double click on a search result and go Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Using GME 3 e 32 directly to that object in GME Also the search can stay open while you go back and forth from GME to the search window Types of the search A snapshot of the Search screen is shown below Whenever the Search is invoked the search screen pops up The Search window can be opened by executing the Edit Find command using the CTRL F shortcut or clicking the binocular icon in the toolbar The Search provides for three types of searches General Search This search option is used for finding Models Atoms Sets and or Reference objects in the project It has the following options which are AND relation with each other e Name used to specify the name of the object It takes a Regular Expression as an
81. e regarded as a feature of a type i e attribute association end method iterator then all implicit variables are examined to determine which variable the feature belongs to This examination starts at the end of the sequence and goes to the beginning i e the variable declared last is examined first If a feature is resolved even if it is ambiguous then resolution is stopped Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 106 Assuming that Person and Dog are defined by the paradigm They have an association called HasDog with roles owner and dogs Both classes have an attribute called age Person has an attribute called gender First age is resolved as self age because there is only one implicit variable called self dogs is resolved as self dogs because there is only one implicit variable called self Iterator called forAll creates a new implicit variable We refers to that as iterl These variables are not accessible in the expression directly gender is resolved self gender because iterl which is a Dog does not have any feature called gender Second and third age is resolved as iterl age because iterl is defined latter than self i e the examination started with iterl owner is resolved as if it had been written iterl owner wh
82. eConnectedFCOs role ocl String kind ocl Type ocl Bag gme FCO FCO bagReverseConnectedFCOs kind ocl Type ocl Bag gme FCO Returns a set or a bag which contains all fcos that are associated with this fco If role is specified then only the links in which the fco takes part as role are regarded If kind is specified the kind of connections must be kind If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Connection then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 127 ome FCO attachinglonnPoints role lt ocls String 1 kind ocl String ocl Set gme ConnectionPoint D gme FCO attachingConnPoints role ocl String kind ocl Type ocl Set gme ConnectionPoint gme FCO attachingConnPoints kind ocl Type ocl Set gme ConnectionPoint Returns a set which contains all connection points association ends of the fco If role is specified then the role of the connection point has to match role If kind is specified the kind of connections must be kind If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Connection then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned ome sFCO tattachingConnections role gt ocl String 1 kind ocl String ocl Set gme Connection D gme FCO attachingConnections role ocl String kind ocl Type
83. ean Returns true if the collection contains at least one element ocl Collection includes any ocl Any ocl Boolean Returns true if the collection contains any ocl Collection excludes any ocl Any ocl Boolean Returns true if the collection does not contain any ocl Collection count any ocl Any ocl Integer Returns the number of times that any occurs in the collection ocl Collection includesAll collection ocl Collection ocl Boolean Returns true if the collection contains all elements of collection ocl Collection excludesAll collection ocl Collection ocl Boolean Returns true if the collection does not contain any elements of collection Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 118 ocl Collection sum lt innerType gt This method is not implemented yet It returns the sum of all elements of the collection Operator must be defined between each element ocl Collection asSet ocl Set Returns a set which contains the same elements as the collection without multiplicity If the collection is an instance of ocl Set then the method returns the set itself without creating a new set ocl Collection asSequence ocl Sequence Returns a sequence which contains the same elements as the collection The order of the elements in the returned sequence is indefinite If the collection is an instance of ocl
84. east one position exists in which elements are not equal operator sequencel ocl Sequence sequence2 ocl Sequence ocl Sequence Returns the concatenation of sequence1 and sequence2 Methods ocl Sequence union sequence ocl Sequence ocl Sequence Returns the concatenation of the sequence and sequence ocl Sequence append any ocl Any ocl Sequence Returns the sequence whose last element is any ocl Sequence prepend any ocl Any ocl Sequence Returns the sequence whose first element is any ocl Sequence first lt innerType gt Returns the first element of the sequence If the sequence is empty an exception is thrown and undefined is returned ocl Sequence last lt innerType gt Returns the last element of the sequence If the sequence is empty an exception is thrown and undefined is returned ocl Sequence at pos ocl Integer lt innerType gt Returns the element at the position pos of the sequence If pos is less than 0 or if it is greater than or equal to the size of the sequence an exception is thrown and the result is undefined Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 123 ocl Sequence insertAt pos ocl Integer any ocl Any ocl Sequence Returns the sequence which contains any at position pos If pos is less than 0 or if it is greater than or equal to the size of the seq
85. ect Object e On change association The user changes the association of the connection Connection e On refer The user refers to the fco with a reference FCO e On unrefer The user removes a reference that points to the fco FCO e On include in set The user includes the fco into a set FCO e On exclude from set The user excludes the fco from a set FCO Priority evaluation order of constraints The higher priority an invariant has the earlier it will be evaluated The highest priority 1 has special meaning When an object violates an invariant with priority 1 a critical violation occurs If a constraint was performed by an event the changes will be aborted This prevents a model instance of the paradigm form having an inconsistent state For lower priorities the user decides whether the modification may be committed or aborted The default value is 2 Depth extension of the invariant s context When a modification is made and it generates an event a constraint may be evaluated even if the constraint is not attached to the kind whose instance generated the event This condition depends on the value of the Depth attribute This attribute applies only to Models only e 0 the constraint will be evaluated if and only if the context s object receives events specified by the events attributes e 1 the constraint will be evaluated if the context s object and or its immediate children re
86. ects that have the appropriate meta kind gme Model atomParts role ocl String ocl Set gme Atom gme Model modelParts role ocl String ocl Set gme Model gme Model connectionParts role ocl String ocl Set gme Connection gme Model referenceParts role ocl String ocl Set gme Reference gme Model setParts role ocl String ocl Set gme Set gme Model parts role ocl String ocl Set gme FCO gme Model atomParts kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Atom gme Model modelParts kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Model gme Model connectionParts kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Connection gme Model referenceParts kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Reference gme Model setParts kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Set gme Model parts kind ocl Type ocl Set gme FCO These methods return a set which contains the parts i e immediate children of the model For these methods we can specify a role name which is the containment role of the object as it is contained by the model This role may differ from the role that the user defined in the meta model This is the case if the role is defined as an abstract kind in the meta model Because the inheritance information is lost the interpreter has to create distinguishable roles for the objects by concatenating the kind and the role If the kind of kind
87. efined by the type or by the meta type Only those methods which do not alter the state of the object can be used in OCL It is also possible that a method is not defined by either type or meta type but by a constraint method definition If a method has only one argument and belongs to a compound object then it is possible that it will be ambiguous with a predefined iterator which does not have any declarators In this case the member selection operator will be used to call either the method or the iterator lt expression gt gt lt methodName gt lt expression gt lt expression gt e g object isUndefined Associations Associations are usually defined by the types of a paradigm In OCL associations appear as association ends The result of navigation over an association depends on the multiplicity of another association end and on the ordered stereotype of the association If the multiplicity is 0 1 or 1 the result is one object Otherwise the result is an ocl Sequence or an ocl Set depending on whether the association is ordered or not The user can navigate from an object to the other side of the association using the role of the association end If the role is missing then the name of the type at the association end starting with a lowercase character is used as role In standard OCL if a navigation using role is ambiguous then the association end can be
88. els CompoundParts POSITION pos models gt GetHeadPosition while pos BUILDER_CAST CCompoundBuilder model s gt GetNext pos gt Scan foldName How to create a new component project To create a new component run Create NewComponent exe that comes as part of the GME distribution A dialog box Create New Component is presented to specify the target directory and the component technology to be used To work with the interface described above select Builder Object Network The second dialog box Component Configurator lets you specify the most important characteristics of the component e Its type Interpreter Plugin or AddOn AddOns are not available when using Builder Object Network e The component name e The name of the paradigm s this component is associated with Multiple paradigms can be specified in a space separated list e The component proglD e The component classname and the component type library name e The UUID s associated with the component class and its type library Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual High Level Component Interface e 72 e The location of the GME 3 interface files IDL files this component is to be compiled to The resulting configuration is a ready to compile Visual Studio workspace Component dsw If the Builder Object Network is selected a simple Component cpp and Component h files are generated To user is expected to implement the component by modify
89. ement of the sequence GME Kinds and Meta Kinds This section discusses the meta kinds and predefined kinds of GME and all features are described in detail Features which are already deprecated are marked with D and colored to red All features throw an exception if the object is null Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 124 gme Object The meta kind ocl Object is the super meta kind of all meta kinds of GME It can be contained by folders Aliases Super Meta Kind This meta kind can also be accessed as Object Operators operator objectl gme Object object gme Object ocl Boolean Returns true if object1 is the same as object2 This equality means that the objects IDs are the same operator lt gt objectl gme Object object gme Object ocl Boolean Returns true if object1 is not the same as object2 This equality means that the objects IDs are different Attributes gme Object name ocl String Returns the name of the object gme Object kindName ocl String Returns the name of the kind of the object gme Object metaKindName ocl String Returns the name of the meta kind of the object Methods gme Object name ocl String D This method has the same functionality as the gme Object name attribute gme Object kindName ocl String D This method has the same functio
90. en deselect 1t to set 1t back to NULL Regular expressions The Name Role Kind amp Attribute fields can be specified using the regular expressions This section documents the valid input kinds that the Search tool shall accept Regular expressions are case sensitive Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Using GME 3 e 33 Check the Match Whole Word Only if you don t want a Regular Expression based search for the first four fields Syntax of the expressions e Any permutation of characters numbers amp symbols such as _ is valid A few special symbols that are used are gt C sE ae AS eh ae e The regular expression should be well formed i e all the opening brackets should have corresponding closing brackets e Writing GME will mean all the string containing the letters GME will be returned e Writing GME will return all strings containing GM GME GMEE GMEEE and so on e Writing GME is the same as GME with the exception of only GM e Writing GME is the same as GME Defaults The Search functionality has been implemented assuming certain default conditions On invocation the search tool has the following default inputs e All the Search for options are selected e The Match Whole Word Only option is not checked The inputs can be specified in the following ways e Any of the input box
91. ences The most important preference is the help URL Others include color text color line type etc Preferences are inherited from the paradigm definition through type inheritance unless this chain is explicitly broken by overriding an inherited value For more details see the chapter on type inheritance Preferences are accessible through the context menus and for the current model through the Edit menu Default preferences can be specified in the paradigm definition file XML User settings can be applied to either the current object or the kind of object globally in the project The checkbox in the preferences dialog box specifies this scope information If the for Kind checkbox is set the information is stored in the compiled binary paradigm definition file not in the XML document This means that a subsequent parsing of the XML file overwrites preference settings This limitation will be eliminated in a later release of GME 3 Even when the global scope is selected this only applies to objects that themselves or any of their ancestors have not overridden the given preference Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual The Generic Modeling Environment e 17 Using GME 3 GME 3 Interfaces The GME interacts with the user through two major interfaces e the Model Browser and e the Graphical Editor Models are stored in a model database and are organized into projects A project is a group of models created using a parti
92. erContainment Color String value that gives the default color value of the connection specified in hex ex OxFF0000 Default value 0x000000 black Contained in Connection Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Metamodeling Environment e 54 Composition role Text field that gives the rolename that the FCO will have within the Model Contained in Containment Constraint Equation Multiline text field that gives the equation for the constraint Contained in Constraint Context Text field that specifies the context of a Constraint Function Contained in ConstraintFunc Data type Enumeration that gives the default data type of a FieldAttr The possible values are String Integer and Double Default value String Contained in Field Attr Decorator Test field that specifies the decorator component to be used to display the given object in the target environment Example MGA Decorator MetaDecorator Contained in Model Atom Reference Set Default True A boolean checkbox that describes the default value of a BooleanAttr Default value Unchecked Contained in BooleanAttr Default parameters Text field that gives the default parameters of the constraint Contained in Constraint Default menu item Text field that gives the displayed name of the menu item in the Menu items attribute to be used as the default value of the menu Contained in EnumAttr Des
93. ere iterl is an implicit declarator created by the iterator context Person inv age lt 4 implies dogs gt forAll if gender male then age lt 1 else age lt 0 5 endif Assuming that Box is defined by the paradigm Box has a containment with roles container and elements Box has a query method called includes with one argument with type Box The example does not make sense it demonstrates the resolution only First elements is resolved as self elements because there is only one licit variable called self Iterator called collect creates a new variable We refers to that as iterl These variables are not accessible in the expression directly Second elements is resolved as iterl elements because iterl precedes self during the resolution and it is a Box ype of boxes will be ocl Bag ocl Set Box n the third line boxes and self are not subject of resolution because they are known variables Iterator called forAll creates a new implicit variable We refers to that as iterl Former iterl exists in the context of collect only First includes resolved as iterl includes ocl Any because type of iterl is ocl Set Box and ocl Set has a method called includes Iterator called exists creates a new implicit variable We refers to that as iterl For
94. es being empty implies that the all the objects will be returned without checking that input e The attribute Type amp Value fields require the attribute Name to be specified e The Value field shall not be considered as a regular expression for searching the attribute value The value specified has to be exact e Taking everything to the extreme as soon as the search tool is invoked on pressing the Search button all the eligible objects will be returned if no extra inputs are specified Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Using GME 3 e 34 Type Inheritance Type Inheritance Concepts The type inheritance concepts in GME 3 closely resemble those of object oriented programming languages The only significant difference is that in GME model types are similar in appearance to model instances they too are graphical have attributes and contain parts By default a model created from scratch is a type A subtype of a model type can be created by dragging the type and dropping it while pressing the Alt Shift key combination An instance is created in similar manner but only the Alt key needs to be used A subtype or an instance of a model type depends on the type There is one significant rule that is different for subtypes and instances New parts are allowed in a subtype but not in an instance Otherwise parts can be renamed set membership can be changed and references can be redirected in both subtypes and instances Pa
95. es of objects are allowed to be connected together Second the direction of the connection needs to be checked Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual The Generic Modeling Environment e 14 wv BAG w se GME edit mode bar with the Connections mode button selected Sets Default icon for sets To make connections the modeler must place the GME in the Add Connections mode This is done by clicking on the Connections mode button see figure to left on the Modebar A connection always connects two parts If the part is an icon that represents a model it may have some connection points or links Logically a link is a port through which the model is connected to another part within the parent model Links on a model icon represent specific parts contained in the model that are involved in a connection In these cases when the connection is established care should be taken to build the connection with the right link The link shows up on the icon of the model part as a miniature icon with a label When the connection is built the system uses these miniature icons as sensitive pads where connections may start or end Moving the mouse cursor over one of the pads shows the complete name of the link part Furthermore not only atoms but models sets and references except for connections can act as a ports Some examples of connections and links are as follows e Connections between dataflow blocks in a signal processi
96. eseeeseeseeeeeeeeeeeeceseenseenseesaecaecaecseeeaeeeneeses 63 Component Interface bt 64 EX AMO O ogecs tenes E oh loc eect dP INA Le Sie 69 Extending the Component Interface ooooonoconnconocinoninononononncnnnonncnnnono nono nono corn nnn ron n ron nrnnnrnn norris 69 Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Contents e ii Example R A A hs SONGS pa OEA dni 71 How to create a new component PLOject ee eecesecececsseessesseeseeeeeeeeeceseceseceaeeeceeesaeenseeseeeseeenes 72 Constraint Manager 74 Features of the new Constraint Manager ccscccsseesseesceesceeeceeceeceseceaecseecaeecaeesseeeeeeaeeeaeenes 74 Standard OCL T atureS id Bahia dia 74 New and Improved features in GME B ooocoocciccccocononconncnnoconocn nooo nnonccon nono nonncnn noria 75 Limitations and Special Issues ccccceessessceesceeeceesceseeeceseceeeceaecsseceaeceeceeeeeeneeses 75 Types and Constraints Expressions cscccsseesseesceesceseceecesecesecesecaecaecaeeeaeeeneeses 78 Using Constraints 1n GME ion adi 81 Constraints defined by the Paradigm ceccccsecssessseesceesceesceeeceecssecsaeeneeceeeeeeneeess 81 Constraint Definitions Functions ecceceeeceesseeseeeeeeeseeeeceseceseeeseenseeaeeeeceeeaeeenes 82 Syntax and Semantic CrrOrs cccccesceesseescessceesceecesecesecssecseecsecseecseeeseeeseseeeeeeeeereneees 83 Evaluating the Constraints ccccscccsseesseescessceesceseceseceseceseeeeceseceaeeaecaecaeceeeeeesee
97. ever their implementation and signature are improved and modified For example connectedFCOs of gme FCO expected two arguments in the former version of the GME constraint language the name of the role and the name of the connection The result can be an empty ocl Set even if the specific object does not have any connection or any role specified in the arguments These kinds of methods should be mapped to secure feature calls i e association ends Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager e 76 The modifications of these methods are as follows e The features are reorganized and are associated with specific and most appropriate meta kinds For example method refersTo can be called on objects whose meta kind is gme Reference This was required because MCL is not a typed language in contrast to OCL e Wherever a method expected the name of a kind as an argument typed as ocl String the feature now expects the kind typed as ocl Type i e identifier according to the new signature With this slight modification mis spelled names can be filtered immediately after writing the expression and the expression is more readable On the other hand features can be overloaded as ambiguity is avoided For example gme Model parts role ocl String vs gme Model parts kind ocl Type e Ifa method expects the name of a kind the kind of the kind i e the meta kind is specified too The implementation of the method
98. f constraints are evaluated they can result in true false or undefined depending on whether the constraint is satisfied or not or during the execution some exceptions were thrown In the two latter cases a Violation Dialog pops up displaying the violations and or exceptions The dialog has two views in the compact view only one violation is shown in contrast to the detailed view in which all violations are enumerated at the left of the dialog The user may switch between the views with the Expand Collapse button Both of the views have the close buttons at the bottom left corner of the dialog e Close button is used to close the dialog simply If the violation dialog appeared because of an event this button means that the user approves the violating modifications at that time e Abort is enabled only if at least one event based and critical Priority 1 constraint is not satisfied In these cases Close button is disabled to force the user so that she aborts the modification If the paradigm is in the testing phase it is recommended that none of the constraints are critical in order to examine constraints simply Compact view In the compact view the most important properties are shown of the current violation These are the following e Full name The concatenation of the context name with namespace and the constraint name e Description Description of the violation i e the meaning of the constraint Generic Mode
99. face is shown below Note that each class is a derivative of the standard MFC CObject class As noted before the single instance of the CBuilder class provides a top level entry point into the builder object network It provides access to the model folders and supplies the name of the current project The public interface of the CBuilder class is shown below class CBuilder public CObject public CBuilderFolder GetRootFolder const const CBuilderFolderList GetFolders const CBuilderFolder GetFolder CString amp name const CString GetProjectName const y The CBuilderFolder class provides access to the root models of the given folder It can also be used to create new root models class CBuilderFolder public CObject public const CString amp GetName const const CBuilderModelList GetRootModels const const CBuilderFolderList GetSubFolders const CBuilderModel GetRootModel CString amp name const CBuilderModel CreateNewModel CString kindName The CBuilderObject is the base class for several other classes It provides a set of common functionality for models atoms references sets and connections Some of the functions need some explanation The GetAttribute functions return true when their successfully retrieved the value of attribute whose name was supplied in the name argument If the type of the val argument does not match the attribute or the wrong name was provided the function
100. ference points to null gme Set The meta kind gme Set corresponds to a set which can contains fcos Aliases Super Meta Type This meta kind can also be accessed as Set Its super meta kind is gme FCO Methods gme Connection members ocl Set gme FCO Returns a set of fcos that are contained by the set of GME gme Atom The meta kind gme Atom is the meta kind of those objects which are not abstract and have no more feature than gme FCO Aliases Super Meta Type This meta kind can also be accessed as Atom Its super meta kind is gme FCO gme Model The meta kind gme Model is the abstraction of containers which can contain fcos Aliases Super Meta Type This meta kind can also be accessed as Model Its super meta kind is gme FCO Methods Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 130 models kind ocl String ocl Set gme Model D models kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Model atoms kind ocl String ocl Set gme Atom D atoms kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Atom These methods have the same functionality as parts has the exception that they return objects whose meta kind is the same as the method s prefix These methods return the set of contained objects which are contained recursively by the model its immediate children and its descendants models children The returned set will contain obj
101. ferences Properties Attributes Preferences Properties Parameter list kind string if self ocllsKindOf gme Reference then Definition if kind size lt 5 then self ocl sTypel gme Reference J refersT of kind else else self if kind substring kind size 5 Proxy then endif kind substring O kind size 5 else kind endif endif gme FCO E gme Project gme FCO string sthod Stereotype ethod EDIT 100 MetaGMEZ000 02 32 PM 4 identity and cropProxy constraint definitions in the paradigm MetaGME Syntax and semantic errors User defined constraints and constraint definitions may have syntax and semantic errors Misspelled keywords unclosed brackets missing or superfluous elements in OCL expression lead to syntax errors Semantic errors can be invalid or non existent feature calls variable redefinitions wrong or invalid parameter list or non conformant types and so on These errors are displayed immediately after the user modifies and leaves one field of the Constraint or Definition If it is fully defined the Syntax and Semantic Error Dialog is shown Because one constraint can be connected to more than one kind the dialog enumerates all constraint and kind pairs In the list violations can be sorted by Constraint s type context or name Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager e 83 Selecting an association the text of the Constraint is s
102. g Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager 91 Appendix A Database Setup GME 3 Database Support The GME application provides optional ODBC based database backend for storing projects The benefits of this feature are robustness centralized project repository and concurrent access However one should expect slower performance and increased maintenance overhead when using OBDC based storage media Although we are using the generic ODBC interface currently only Microsoft SQL Server 7 0 or later is supported Server side installation On the MS SQL server the database administrator should perform the following steps 1 Create a new dedicated database for the GME project one database for each project 2 Create or select database users 3 Give create permissions to each user within this database Client side setup On the client machine s the user should set up an ODBC DSN data source name description of the database connection to the database created above A DSN identifies the server machine and the name of the database along with the username and password and some communication parameters An ODBC DSN can be stored as a regular file User DSN or in the registry System DSN It is recommended to create a system wide DSN 1 Open Control Panel Administrative Tools Data Sources ODBC 2 Select the System DSN or User DSN tab on the dialog box 3 Click Add and select the SQL Server driver Give a name and op
103. gm defines the family of models that can be created using the resultant MIPS environment Both domain and MGA experts participate in the task of formulating the modeling paradigm Experience has shown that the modeling paradigm changes rapidly during early stages of development becoming stable only after a significant amount of testing and use A contributing factor to this phenomenon is the fact that domain experts are often unable to initially specify exactly how the modeling environment should behave Of course as the system matures the modeling paradigm becomes stable However because the system itself must evolve the modeling paradigm must change to reflect this evolution Changes to the paradigm result in new modeling environments and new modeling environments require new or migrated models Metamodels and Modeling Environment Synthesis Metamodels are models of a particular modeling environment Metamodels contain descriptions of the entities attributes and relationships that are available in the target modeling environment Once a metamodel is constructed it is used to configure GME This approach allows the modeling environment itself to be evolved over time as domain modeling requirements change Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Modeling Concepts Overview e 8 The Generic Modeling Environment GME 3 Main Editing Window The figure below shows various features and components associated with the GME main editing win
104. gm definitions e Update through XML Allows updating the current model in case of a paradigm change If the user has a project open in one GME 3 while she modifies the metamodels in another GME 3 and regenerates the paradigm this command allows updating the models by automatically exporting toXML and importing from it Note that any changes that invalidate the existing models for example deleting a model kind that has instances in the project will cause this operation to fail However adding new kinds of objects attributes etc or deleting unused concepts will work e Register Paradigms Registers a new modeling paradigm discussed in detail later e Register Component Registers an interpreter DLL with the current paradigm A dialog box appears that makes it possible to register as many interpreters as the user wishes e Check All Invokes the Constraint Manager to check all constraints for the entire project e Display Constraints All the constraints defined in the meta model are displayed These constraints can be disabled globally or on object basis in this dialog Options of constraints evaluation are also available e Settings Sets GME 3 specific parameters Currently the only supported options are to set the path where the icon files are located on the current machine and whether GME should remember the state of the docking windows For the paths the user can type in a semicolon separated list of directories the orde
105. gram synthesis tool for creating and evolving domain specific multi aspect models of large scale engineering systems The GME is configurable which means it can be programmed to work with vastly different domains Another important feature is that GME paradigms are generated from formal modeling environment specifications The GME includes several other relevant features e Itis used primarily for model building The models take the form of graphical multi aspect attributed entity relationship diagrams The dynamic semantics of a model is not the concern of GME that is determined later during the model interpretation process e It supports various techniques for building large scale complex models The techniques include hierarchy multiple aspects sets references and explicit constraints These concepts are discussed later e It contains one or more integrated model interpreters that perform translation and analysis of models currently under development In this document we describe the commonalities of GME that are present in all manifestations of the system Hence we deal with general questions and not domain specific modeling issues The following sections describe some general modeling concepts and the various functions of the GME Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Introduction e 6 Modeling Concepts Overview Model Integrated Program Synthesis Model integrated program synthesis is one method of perf
106. hanism can be implemented the usage of Constraint Definitions would be clumsy the user always would have to cast because of the lost inheritance information Retained Meta Kind Features For the time being all features particularly methods that are defined by the former language of GME constraints called MCL are retained in this implementation with some improvements The reason for this decision was that the semantic checking of OCL expressions always requires a well formed and valid paradigm naturally during the time of meta modeling the paradigm is neither well formed nor valid During meta modeling the task of gathering all the information that the checking would require either writing a new component that always serves the valid and well formed part of the paradigm or integrating the Expression Checker and Meta Interpreter In the latter case only syntax checking would be performed at meta modeling time and the semantic checking only could be done after the interpretation In case a solution exists all features except for some e g gme Object name gme Object isNull will be obsolete as well because this sort of information will be obtained by accessing kinds and meta kinds as predefined types of the new version of OCL implementation or else the features will be mapped to standard OCL features e g gme FCO connectedFCOs to association ends Another important issue is that these features are not secure how
107. he model reference port represents class CBuilderReferencePort public CBuilderObject public const CBuilderModelReference GetOwner const const CBuilderAtom GetAtom const y The CBuilderModelReference class provides the GetRefered function that returns the model or model reference referred to by the given reference The GetRefereePorts return the list of CBuilderReferencePorts class CBuilderModelReference public CBuilderObject const CBuilderReferencePortList amp GetRefereePorts const const CBuilderObject GetReferred const y A CBuilderComnection instance describes a relation among three objects The owner is the model that contains the given connection i e the connection is visible in that model The source destination is always an atom or a reference port If it is an atom then it is either contained by the owner or it corresponds to a port of a model contained by the owner So in case of atoms either the source destination or its parent is a child of the owner In case of a reference port its owner must be a child of the owner of the connection Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual High Level Component Interface e 68 class CBuilderConnection public CBuilderObject public CBuilderModel GetOwner const CBuilderObject GetSource const CBuilderObject GetDestination const y The CBuilderSet class member function provide straightforward access to the different
108. he modeling paradigm is stable i e the MGA and domain experts are satisfied that the GME allows consistent valid models to be built the task of interpreter writing begins Interpreters are model translators designed to work with all models created using the domain specific GME for which they were designed The translated models are used as sources to analysis programs or are used by an execution environment Once the interpreters are created environment users can create domain models and perform analysis on those models Note however that model creation usually begins much sooner Modelers typically begin creating models as soon as the initial GME is delivered As their understanding of the modeling environment and their own systems grows the models naturally become more complete and complex We now discuss the modeling components in greater detail Models By model we mean an abstract object that represents something in the world What a model represents depends on what domain we are working in For instance e a Dataflow Block is the model for an operator in the signal processing domain e a Process model represents a functionality in a plant in the chemical engineering domain e a Network model represents a hardware interconnection scheme in the multiprocessor architecture domain A model is in computational terms an object that can be manipulated It has state identity and behavior The purpose of the GME is to create and
109. he types of objects to be displayed in the Aggregate tab For example the user can choose not to view connections in the browser To preserve the state of the aggregate tree eg expanded objects in the Windows registry the checkbox in bottom of the options dialog must be set Interpreting Constraint Checking and context sensitive Help are also available Drag and drop is implemented in the standard Windows manner Multiple selection items may serve as the source for drag and drop Modifiers are important to note for these operations e No modifier Move operation e Ctrl Copy signified by plus icon over mouse cursor e Ctrl Shift Create reference signified by link icon over mouse cursor e Alt Create Instance signified by link icon over mouse cursor e Alt Shift Create Sub Type signified by link icon over mouse cursor If a drop operation fails then a dialog will indicate so Drop operations can occur within the Browser itself allowing this to be an effective means to restructuring a hierarchy Drop operations can only be performed onto a Model or a Folder Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Using GME 3 e 21 Model Browser and Interoperation Double clicking on any model in the tree or pressing the Space or Enter key when a model is selected will open that model for editing in the graphical model editor Double clicking an atom reference or set will open up the parent model select the given o
110. hed the MIPS environment itself can be built A MIPS environment consists of three main components 1 a domain aware model builder used to create and modify models of domain specific systems 2 the models themselves and 3 one or more model interpreters used to extract and translate semantic knowledge from the models The MultiGraph Architecture MultiGraph is a toolset for creating domain specific modeling environments The MultiGraph Architecture MGA is a toolset for creating MIPS environments As mentioned earlier MIPS environments provide a means for evolving domain specific applications through the modification of models and re synthesis of applications We now discuss the creation of a MIPS environment Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Modeling Concepts Overview e 7 A modeling paradigm defines the family of models that can be created using the resultant MIPS environment A metamodel is a formalized description of a particular modeling language and is used to configure GME itself The Modeling Paradigm The process begins by formulating the domain s modeling paradigm The modeling paradigm contains all the syntactic semantic and presentation information regarding the domain which concepts will be used to construct models what relationships may exist among those concepts how the concepts may be organized and viewed by the modeler and rules governing the construction of models The modeling paradi
111. his set belongs Model lt lt model gt gt Atom lt lt atom gt gt Reference lt lt reference gt gt Model lt lt model gt gt Example implementation of a Set How to specify what FCO s a Set Owns Connect the FCO to the Set Atom In the event of an ambiguity resolve it with the SetMembership connection type Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Metamodeling Environment e 49 Make sure to aggregate the Set to the Model in which it will reside Model The Model may contain through the Containment connection type any other FCO and it associates a role name to each FCO it contains The Model has the Name Position and In Root Folder attributes How to contain a Model Model 1 in a Model Model 0 Connect Model 1 to Model 0 Note that it is applicable to have a Model contain itself the previous case where Model 1 Model 0 How to contain an Atom in a Model In the event that an FCO is used as a superclass for the Model then FCO may replace Model in the following sequence Atom may be replaced by Set Reference or Connection Create and configure the Atom and the Model Connect the Atom to the Model Attributes Attributes are represented by UML classes in the GME metamodeling environment There are three different kinds of Attributes Enumerated Field and Boolean Once any of these Attributes are created they are aggregated to FCO s in the Attributes Aspect The
112. hown on the left of the dialog with all primary errors 1 e errors that do not come from other Choosing an error the line is selected in the expression window where the error is detected If a constraint is parsed successfully then a semantic check is performed That is the reason why syntax errors are displayed first yellow icons If there are no syntax errors then semantic errors are shown red icons Global error description Expression lines Constraint Syntax and Semantic Errors Errors description The following Constraints and ConstraintDefinitions have errors These Constraints and ConstraintDefinitions cannot be used and evaluated Type Context Name Expression gme FCO WrongConstraint 1 context gme FCO W rongConstraint bool defmethod W rongConstraint rong_name in 4 self 5 string Code Ln Message W108 3 Attribute gme FCO wrong_name does not exist W110 3 Association gme FCO wrong_name does not exist Y 104 4 Operator operator gme FCO oct Integer does not exist Constraint Functions list Error descriptions Semantic errors in a Constraint Definition called WrongConstraint After interpreting a paradigm when a user tries to use the interpreted meta model create or open a model all constraints and definitions are examined If errors exist the appropriate constraints definitions will be dis
113. iBxi200 1445613439 AIMBMEM 27 _ components e T Name 5F2000 ParadigmSheet Aspect Constraints v Base N A dis a AtLeastOnePart T for Kind Folder Processing AH cK oldees Models Attributes Preferences Properties v i Compounds must have parts a gt self parts gt size gt 0 a E Primitive Compound lt lt Model gt gt lt Model gt gt Firing enum Script field Priority field AtLeastOnePart Signal DataflowConn lt lt Atom gt gt lt Connection gt ParameterConn lt Connection gt gt InputSignal OutputSignal lt lt Atom gt lt lt Atom gt gt Constraint associated to the Compound kind in the SF paradigm Constraint Definitions Functions In GME 3 the former Constraint Function is improved to comply with Constraint Definitions introduced by OCL 2 0 The two attributes of a Constraint Function called Parameter list and Definition are retained and have the same syntax and functionality The expression of the Definition can already return any type not only ocl Boolean but it must be the same or a descendant of the type specified in the Return type attribute This attribute can hold only simple and not compound types For example ocl Set gme FCO cannot be written only ocl Set is valid In order to facilitate the call of a Definition which does not have any parameters the Def
114. iant with Constraint Definitions defined by OCL 2 0 e More sophisticated error detection at syntax and semantic checking e More detailed report about constraint violations e User friendly dialogs reporting errors and violations e The state of the evaluation process is visible however it cannot be interrupted yet e The Constraint Browser displays all constraints even if a constraint has errors e The model is maintained in a clean state deleted user constraints and enabling information are always eliminated e The interface of constraint enabling functionality fits the concept of kinds types subtypes and instances i e type inheritance Limitations and Special Issues Due to some special properties of the GME Meta Modeling environment certain extensions and limitations exist These are discussed below Inheritance at Meta Modeling Time GME specifies three kinds of inheritance standard implementation and interface inheritance But none of these are part of GME Meta i e meta information generated by Meta Interpreter Inheritance is defined only to help the meta modeler and to facilitate her work Consequently inheritances only act as operators at meta modeling time This situation requires us to ease some strict rules of standard OCL These rules include the following e Some well defined abstractions which were made by the modeler disappear because all information is lost For example if in future the stan
115. ibuted by a FCO connection class Containment a folder and a folder as a legal sub folder a folder and an FCO legal root object a model and an FCO plays a specified role a set and an FCO HasAspect An association between a model and ee Cardinality none An integer attribute for each end of the This end of the association has the cardinality association specified unspecified cardinality is assumed to be 1 Various none Inheritance none UML Inheritance The class inherits from a superclass An attribute of the destination is the rolename to be used for the child class Groups of parts Connector Atom reference port reference port The part may play a role in a connection FCO Model atom reference connection set The part is a first class object Referenceable Model atom reference The part may be referenced Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Metamodeling Environment e 61 High Level Component Interface Introduction to the Component Interface The process of accessing GME 3 models and generating useful information e g configuration files for COTS software database schema input for a discrete event simulator or even source code is called model interpretation GME provides two interfaces to support model interpretation The first one is a COM interface that lets the user write these components in any language that supports COM e g C Visual Basic or Java The
116. icate explicitly if an identity check is used or if the identity of an object is not changed during the evaluation 1 e a new object is not created in memory Literals For the time being two kinds of literals exist literals of data types predefined by OCL and literals of compound types Because basic primitive types are well known their literals are discussed through examples string r n lt CR gt lt LF gt String literals 0 07 51 0 0232 234232 Real literals reals are represented as 64bit long signed floating point numbers OF Sl 2131 Integer literals integers are represented as 64bit long signed integer numbers enabled disabled unknown Enumeration literals enumeration values begins with character true false Boolean literals Compound types literals are a bit more complex than primitive types literals The user has to write the name of the compound type followed by the list of expressions enclosed by braces the list can be empty Objects returned by the expressions will be the elements of the compound object In standard OCL range of object using operator can be specified In this implementation it is not supported yet Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME 99 Compound types are so far limited to Collection ocl Collection Set ocl Set Bag ocl Bag Sequence ocl Sequence lt compoundType gt lt ex
117. ich is the concatenation of string1 and string2 operator lt stringl ocl String string2 ocl String ocl Boolean Returns true if string1 is ahead of string2 in lexicographical ordering operator lt stringl ocl String string2 ocl String ocl Boolean Returns true if string1 is ahead of or equal to string2 in lexicographical ordering operator gt stringl ocl String string2 ocl String ocl Boolean Returns true if string2 is ahead of string1 in lexicographical ordering operator gt stringl ocl String string2 ocl String ocl Boolean Returns true if string2 is ahead of or equal to string1 in lexicographical ordering Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 111 Attributes ocl String size ocl Integer Returns the length of the string Methods oclriStriagsicontatd strings oct string 4 ocr Returns a string which is the concatenation of this and string This is the same as the operator ocl String stopper ocl String Returns a string containing only uppercase characters ocl String toLower ocl String Returns a string containing only lowercase characters ocl String substring lower ocl Integer upper ocl Integer ocl String Returns the sub string of this starting at character position lower up to character position upper if upper is specified otherw
118. ile Before GME 3 version 1 2 this used to be simpler but not as powerful The Invoke function of the CComponent class used to be the entry point of the component When the user initiates interpretation first the builder object network is created then the above function is called The first two parameters provide two ways of traversing the builder object network The user can access the list of folders through the CBuilder instance Each folder provides a list of builder objects corresponding to the root models and subfolders Any builder can then be access through recursive traversal of the children of model builders The CBuilderModelList contains the builders corresponding to the models selected at the time interpretation was started If the component was started through the main window either through the toolbar or the File menu then the list contains one model builder the one corresponding to the active window If the interpretation was started through a context menu i e right click then the list contains items for all the selected objects in the given window If the interpretation was started through the context menu of the Model Browser then the list contains the builders for the selected models in the browser Using this list parameter of the Invoke function makes it possible to start the interpretation at models the user selects The long parameter is unused at this point In version 1 2 Invoke has been replaced by InvokeEx which
119. in which objects are moved This is important in case objects compete for the same real estate Priority can be given to the selected objects and within the selected objects the ones that are visible in the source aspect View Allows the toggling on and off of the Toolbar the Status Bar bottom of the main window the Browser window the Attribute Browser and the Part Browser window Window e Cascade Tile Arrange Icons Standard Windows window management functions Help e Contents Accesses the ISIS web server and shows the contents page of this document e Help Shows context sensitive user defined help if available or defaults to the appropriate page of this document See details in a subsequent section e About Standard Windows functionality GME 3 provides annotations for attaching notes to your models These multi line textual annotations are paradigm independent and available in all of your models Annotations are not aligned to the model grid as opposed to real modeling entities and they can overlap each other but they are always lower in the Z order than normal objects Like every model contained artifact the visibility and position of annotations are aspect dependent Creating Annotations You can create a new annotation in an opened model from the context menu Insert Annotation if you right click on an empty area in the model GME generates a name for your annotation and normally there is no need to mo
120. indow oooocoocccconocononononnnonononoconoco e GME MENUS das Annotations A A td Creating Annotations cccccecsseeseessceseeeseeseceeeceseceseeneeeeeenes Editing Amnotations ccccscceseceseesseeseeeeeeeseeeeceeceeeeeenseenaes Implementation issues c cccsceesseesceesceeeceeeceeeesecsseeneeeneeenes Managing Paradigms ccccccsceessesceesceesceeeeeseceseceseenaecaecseeceeeneeeneeses New Project ens tio de ee lol a o a Todd Editor Operations trado Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Contents e i Editing Modes o a Wan RAR eae ee 29 Miscellaneous Operations oen encen a n T e 32 Help SM e Raed SA ae eR wee Mae Bandit a aay 32 Searching ODE aa enna Gand hae oaannwan Tai ade 32 Types Of the search nia 33 Regular expressin Sis ainete asernes ieee eeke ea atan ee aaeh eeina apie 33 1B ERAEN A E E EEE EES 34 Type Inheritance 35 Type Inheritance Concept sannat dadas 35 Attributes and Preferences cae tdi 38 References nd std id ete dd De dee 38 Decorator enhancement ccccsceesseesseeseeesceesceseeeeeeeeeeecnsecnsecaeeaeceaecaaeceeeaeeeneeaes 38 Libraries 39 Model library Support sii303 antisense Katine eit det tia ae 39 Decorators 41 A e o a Bath 41 The IMgaDecorator interface ecccesccesesesecsceeseeeseeeseeceeneeeseeseeeseenecensecnseeeaeeaeceecaeecseeeneeses 41 IMgaDecorator FUnctions eiere aeiee iaae e a EEEn eeth 42 Using the Decorator skeleton oooooononncn
121. iner was missing that association end would not accessible from BoxContainment bc container Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 105 Assuming that p is a Person d is a Dog hd is a HasDog If Person Dog HasDog had further association which has owner or dogs roles then these roles could not be used because of ambiguity If these classes have further association between them then the name of the appropriate classes cannot be used as role If role exists then the role has to be used to navigate otherwise the name of class has to be used Returns in ocl Set Dog p dogs p dog Returns in Person d owner d person Returns in ocl Set p hasDog Returns in HasDog d hasDog Returns in Dog hd dogs hd dog Returns in Person hd owner hd person Resolution Rules Implicit Variables In standard OCL implicit variables are introduced These variables are similar to this in C or Java thus they can be omitted to prevent writing long expressions The variable of the context in many cases self is always implicit Other implicit variables are created by iterators which do not have any declarators Because of this property of the language the resolution of features i e expressions gets more complicated In an expression all available implicit variables are marked and stored in a sequence If an expression has to b
122. ing these two files and adding other files if necessary The other files in the workspace are normally not modified by the user and for this reason they are generated with read only attribute ConfigureComponent exe the application that brings up the Component Configurator dialog box can be run any time to change component attributes The output is generated to the file specified by the f command line argument It defaults to ComponentConfig h The appendix describes the procedure in detail After you completed the steps outlined there you can build the new component dll This component dll is registered and associated with the paradigms you specify When you edit a model using one of these paradigms and press the interpret button you launch this component if there are more than one components associated with the given paradigm a menu will pop up to choose from The dll will be located and loaded at this time Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual High Level Component Interface e 73 Constraint Manager Features of the new Constraint Manager GME 3 contains the improved constraint manager which is fully compliant with the standard OCL 1 4 specification Here we enumerate the features of the Constraint Manager without delving Standard OCL features The following features are new regarding the language MCL which was used earlier to write constraints in GME e The language is a typed language e Undefined is introduced as a
123. inition s Stereotype can be set to attribute Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager e 82 For the time being the Context is an attribute rather than an association so 1t must be supplied explicitly The intention is that the user will be able to write more generic Constraint Definitions supplying a GME meta kind as the Context of the Definition With this solution the difficulties caused by the inheritance information loss is easily solved because the constraint writer can use the commonalities of different kinds without casting objects type explicitly to the appropriate kinds It is good practice to specify the context as a meta kind or gme Project if a Constraint Definition must or can be associated with more than one kind The context of the Definition can be accessed as self If the Context is gme Project then self and project point to the same object i e singleton project object Constraint Definitions can be called from other Definitions or Constraints even being recursive E TA File Edit view Window Help 19 x v lda AxA A t sass F SAMO MSO 2 _ coronens Y D T Name FC0s ParadigmSheet Aspect Constraints v Base N A AN AB cropProxy isNameUnique UniqugName NotEmptyName ValidName HasPjarent HasAbpect 6 0 isAbstract identities FCOConstraintBase lt lt FCO gt identity x identity F for Kind cropProxy FF for Kind Attributes Pre
124. input The Search checks for any names that have patterns specified by this field e Role Name used to specify the role name of the object It takes a Regular Expression as an input The Search checks for any role names that have patterns specified by this field e Kind Name used to specify the kind name of the object It takes a Regular Expression as an input The Search checks for any kind names that have patterns specified by this field e Attribute used to specify the attribute name appearing in the object It takes a Regular Expression as an input The Search checks for any attributes with names that have patterns specified by this field e Type specifies the type of the attribute that is being searched for e Value specifies the value of the attribute being searched for It can take in String Integer Float and Boolean 0 or 1 values Meta Kind Search The user can search for objects specifying the meta kinds These can be Atoms Models References Sets Connections are not supported Special Reference Search The Search for NULL References option is used to look for references pointing to null More restrictions can be applied specifying the search criteria When you conduct any search clicking on a search result object will change the NULL into the name of that object Then the user may search for references pointing to that object with the special search checkbox Select the Special Reference Search th
125. ion gt e g context Person friendNames Set defattribute Method Definition This feature of OCL is included here because constraint types must be dealt with in a uniform way However a Method Definition is not really a constraint It can be considered as an extension of a type in the aspect of constraints Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME 96 A method definition is a method of a type that can be accessed only in OCL constraints It has the same properties as a well known method It always has a name and the returned type and it may have parameters The names of the parameters must be unique and cannot be self The name must not conflict with other method definitions and methods of the type context lt typeName gt lt methodName gt lt paramName gt lt paramType gt lt paramName gt lt paramType gt lt typeName gt defmethod lt expression gt e g context Person getYoungestPartner int defmethod Common OCL Expressions These expressions are common to every OCL of every meta paradigm As OCL is a query language it is true for all expressions that objects states i e values of their member variables and not modified It is always true that all expressions must return a value i e an object OCL is case sensitive Type casting As OCL is a typed language it is not
126. ionType gt lt expression gt e g let mySet Set 1 2 3 10 in mySet gt forAll eleml elem2 int eleml lt gt elem2 mySet gt one size 2 Here we discuss only the generic iterator of OCL called iterate Iterate always has a variable that is regarded as the accumulator of the iteration The iterator s return type is the type of the accumulator The accumulator is always initialized The expression has to include the accumulator variable so that the iteration will be meaningful but it is not required lterate may have exactly one declarator Iterate is the foundation of all predefined iterator lt expression gt gt iterate lt declarator gt lt declarationType gt lt accumulator gt lt accumulatorType gt lt expression gt lt expression gt sj n e g let mySet Set 1 2 3 10 in Expressing the functionality of exists predefined iterator mySet gt exists i i size 2 mySet gt iterate i accu false accu or i size 2 Expressing the functionality of isUnique predefined iterator mySet gt isUnique i i mySet gt forAll il i2 il i2 implies il lt gt i2 mySet gt iterate il accul true accul and mySet gt iterate i2 accu2 true accu2 and il i2 implies il lt gt i2 Ge
127. is ignorant to aspects and is capable of displaying objects of any kind More information on the aggregate hierarchy will be provided shortly Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Using GME 3 e 19 Aggregate Inheritance Meta Aggregate Inheritance Meta Aggregate Inheritance Meta 9 SF2000 Gen Systems f GeneratorBase 7 RootFolder 33 BasicTypes SubGenBase ag Folder Folder W GeneratorBase i SubGenBase Sl Compound Compound ss la SubGenBase A GeneratorB 4 CompoundParts Compound Jf SuperGen if GeneratorA 3 DFC DataflowConn 2 3 SignalFlow E InputParameters InputParam r 4 GeneratorA 2 InputSignals InputSignal 1 GeneratorB 2 OutputParameters OutputParam 1 14 CompoundParts 2 OutputSignals OutputSignal 3 1 14 PrimitiveParts Parameters Param 1 Bin DataType 1 amp Out Global r la SubGenBase Size r 14 SuperGen Value PC ParameterConn A PrimitiveParts Primitive 14 Folder Folder 14 Primitive Primitive Model Browser with each tab selected The Inheritance tab is used explicitly for visualizing the type inheritance hierarchy described in detail later It is entirely driven by the current model selection within the aggregate tree For example the current selection in the aggregate tree in the figure above is a model GeneratorBase It has one subtype called SubGenBase and two instances bearing the name GeneratorA and GeneratorB
128. ise up to the end of this The first position is 0 The result is undefined and an exception is thrown if lower is less than 0 or greater than upper or if lower or upper are equal to or greater than the size of this ocl sString trim oels String Returns a string that neither starts nr ends with white space characters t r 4P and characters u0000 to u0020 are considered to be white space ocl String toReal ocl Real Converts the string to ocl Real If the conversion cannot be performed then an exception is thrown and the method returns undefined The method cannot convert strings representing real numbers but an exponent ocl String toInteger ocl Integer Converts the string to ocl Integer If the conversion cannot be performed then an exception is thrown and the method returns undefined The method cannot convert strings representing integer numbers but an exponent Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 112 ocl Enumeration The type ocl Enumeration represents types with a discrete and finite value domain Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as enum Its supertype is ocl Any Operators operator enuml ocl Enumeration enum2 ocl Enumeration ocl Boolean Returns true if enum is the same value as enum2 operator lt gt enuml ocl Enumeration enum2 ocl Enumeration ocl Boole
129. itioned into aspects An aspect is defined by the kinds of parts that are visible in that aspect Note that aspects are related to groups of parts The existence or visibility of a part within a particular aspect is determined by the modeling paradigm A given part may also be visible in more than one aspect For every kind of part there are two kinds of aspects primary and secondary Parts can only be added or deleted from the model from within its primary aspect Secondary aspects merely inherit parts from the primary aspects Of course different interconnection rules may apply to parts in different aspects When a model is viewed it is always viewed from one particular aspect at a time Since some parts may be visible in more than one aspect while others may visible only in a single aspect models may have a completely different appearance when viewed from different aspects after all that s why aspects exist The following are examples of aspects e Signal Flow and States aspects for a signal processing paradigm e Process Flow Sheet and Process Finite State Machine aspects for a chemical engineering paradigm e Component Assignment and Failure Propagation aspects of a fault modeling paradigm Models atoms references sets and connections can all have attributes An attribute is a property of an object that is best expressed textually Note that we use the word text for anything that i
130. l Any e operator or ocl Boolean ocl Boolean e operator implies ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Equality and Identity Two objects are identical if and only if they are stored in the same memory space Equality of two objects is defined by the objects types or meta types It is not absolutely necessary that two objects which are equal to each other are identical as well The ocl Any meta type defines an operator with which the user can test whether objects identities are the same This operator is available for all types used in OCL expressions For objects with meta type ocl Any practically only for undefined identity is the same as equality but for any other types we have to make a distinction In the OCL specification there is only one operator with which we can express an equality check There is no special one for identity check As we mentioned earlier technically the operator of ocl Any is for testing identity but in a simple way this operator can only be used for testing equality because all types override it with a special meaning of equality In some cases we have to test identity definitely but it is not simple in standard OCL We have to up cast the objects to access the functionality defined by ocl Any This is why we introduced a simplification operator Operator and its negation operator always tests identity However operator and its negation operator lt gt alway
131. l Real Returns a real which is the addition of real1 and real2 Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 114 operator reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Real Returns a real which is the subtraction of real1 and real2 operator reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Real Returns a real which is the multiplication of real1 and real2 operator reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Real Returns real1 divided by real2 Functions abs real ocl Real ocl Real Return the absolute value of real floor real ocl Real ocl Integer Returns the largest integer which is less than or equal to real round real ocl Real ocl Integer Returns the closest integer to real If there are two of them then it returns the largest one max reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Real Returns the maximum of real and real2 min reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Real Returns the minimum of real and real2 Methods ocl Real abs ocl Real Returns the absolute value of this ocl Real floor ocl Integer Returns the largest integer which is less than or equal to this ocl Real round ocl Integer Returns the closest integer to this If there are two of them then it returns the largest one ocl Real max real ocl Real ocl Real Return
132. l Set ocl Set ocl Bag intersection bag ocl Bag ocl Bag Returns the intersection of the bag and set or bag ocl Bag including any ocl Any ocl Bag Returns a bag containing any ocl Bag excluding any ocl Any ocl Bag Returns a bag not containing elements which equal to any Iterators ocl Bag select boolExpr ocl Boolean ocl Bag Returns a bag containing all elements of the bag for which boolExpr evaluated to true ocl Bag reject boolExpr ocl Boolean ocl Bag Returns a bag containing all elements of the bag for which boolExpr evaluated to false ocl Bag collect anyExpr ocl Any ocl Bag Returns a bag containing values which are returned by anyExpr applied to each element of the bag ocl Sequence The type ocl Sequence represents the mathematical concept of sequence Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 122 Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as Sequence Its supertype is ocl Collection Operators operator sequencel ocl Sequence sequence2 ocl Sequence ocl Boolean Returns true if the size of sequence1 and sequence are the same and if at each position the elements are equals to each other operator lt gt sequencel ocl Sequence sequence2 ocl Sequence ocl Boolean Returns true if size of sequence1 and sequence2 are not the same or if at l
133. le If exactly one feature is found the resolution is stopped If more features are found then the resolution is stopped and an exception is thrown because there are more features which can be accessed in the same way Resolution ends and an exception is thrown because lt method gt cannot be resolved If the object comes from an expression i e member selection operator is used If exactly one feature is found the resolution is stopped If a method and an iterator are found in this case the object is compound because only compound objects can have iterators then the resolution is stopped If the member selection operator is co 99 then the method is resolved otherwise the iterator is resolved Resolution ends and an exception is thrown because lt method gt cannot be resolved Appendix B OCL and GME e 109 Predefined OCL Types For the time being ocl Any is considered to be a type and further meta types are not defined In the next version these meta types will be accessible as well as meta kind information The types enumerated below are accessible in all OCL expressions ocl Any The type ocl Any is the supertype of all types used in OCL expressions Features associated with ocl Any can be used for all types This type has only one instance which is undefined Aliases Supertypes This type can also be accessed as Any Operators operator anyl ocl Any any2 ocl Any
134. le from the toolbar e Toggle grid At zoom levels 100 or higher a grid can be displayed in the model editor window GME objects always snap to this fine grid whether they are visible or not to facilitate alignment of the objects e Refresh Clicking the paintbrush button forces GME 3 to repaint all the windows In the current model Editpr window there is a selected list of objects highlighted by little frames Using the Arrow keys on the keyboard these objects can be nudged by one grid cell in the selected direction provided that there are no collisions Note that GME 3 does not allow overlapping objects Connections in GME 3 are automatically routed The user only needs to specify the end points of a connection and an appropriate route will be automatically generated that will avoid all objects and try to provide a visually pleasing connection layout The built in context sensitive help functionality is described in the next section Help System GME 3 provides context sensitive user defined help functionality This is facilitated by the Help URL preference of objects This preference is inherited from the paradigm definition and through the type inheritance hierarchy exactly like any other object preference For more information on this inheritance see the separate chapter on type inheritance When the user selects help on a context menu or the Help menu Help item for the current model also the F1 key GME 3 looks up th
135. leValue This feature exists because of backward compatibility thus it is deprecated Standard ocl String toReal must be used instead e ocl String match ocl String This method is introduced so that regular expression can be used to test whether a string matches a Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager e 77 specific format This feature can be used well for example to test whether the value of a string attribute has a special format or not e ocl Collection theOnly This method exists because of backward compatibility but it is not deprecated It returns the sole element of a compound object If the collection either contains more than one element or is empty undefined is returned Multiplicity In the interpreted meta model the multiplicity of containments membership of sets and association ends is omitted and lost The cardinality is forced by constraints generated by the Meta Interpreter The consequence is that all features that have multiplicity i e the features mentioned above return ocl Set In GME there is a method ocl Collection theOnly with which this problem can be solved Enable Disable Constraints This is a special feature of GME with which the user may disable constraints defined in the paradigm This disabling has a limitation constraints which have priority one and are defined in the meta model or included libraries cannot be disabled The user inte
136. ling Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager e 86 e Variables Variables that are defined in the constraint it always contains the self and the project variables If there are more violations at the same time then the user can iterate over those violations using the Previous and Next buttons Constraint s name and its description Compact or detailed view gt Constraint Violations Violation Constraint meta Atom HasParent A Description Objects must have at least one parent Folder or Model Variable Object self Atomfkind meta Atom path asdasd NewParadigmSheet project gme Project name asdasd Previous Next Close Abort List of violated Context sensitive and failed Constraints variable list Expression window Constraint Yiolations E Violation Constraint meta Atom HasParent Collapse A Description Objects must have at least one parent Folder or Model type Content Name Expression Variables ic meta Atom Has spect metaz tom Has spect Line Expression meta Atom HasAspect 1 context meta Atom inv HasParent O meta Atom UniqueName 25 ic meta Atom UniqueN ame 3 not self isAbstract implies not self Inf ootFolder implies self allModels gt size sel rc meta Atom UniqueN ame o meta Connection HasAspect oO meta Atom HasParent OIE HasParent 4 gt o meta Atom HasParent o meta Connection HasPa
137. llect anyExpr ocl Any ocl Bag Returns a bag containing values which are returned by anyExpr applied to each element of the set ocl Bag The type ocl Bag represents the mathematical concept of multi set set containing elements multiple times Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as Bag Its supertype is ocl Collection Operators Returns true if the size of bag1 and bag2 are the same and bag1 contains all elements of bag2 with the same times and bag2 contains all elements of bag1 with the same times Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 121 operator lt gt bag ocl Bag collection ocl Collection ocl Boolean Returns true if the size of bag1 and bag2 are not the same or bag1 does not contain all elements of bag2 with the same times or bag2 does not contain all elements of bag with the same times operator 1 bag ocl Bag set ocl Set ocl Set operator bagl ocl Bag bag2 ocl Bag ocl Bag Returns the union of bag and set or bag1 and bag2 operator bag ocl Bag set ocl Set ocl Set operator bagl ocl Bag bag2 ocl Bag ocl Bag Returns the intersection of bag and set or bag1 and bag2 Methods ocl Bag union set ocl Set ocl Bag ocl Bag union bag ocl Bag ocl Bag Returns the union of the bag and set or bag ocl Bag intersection set oc
138. manipulate these models Other components of the MGA deal with interpreting these models and using them in various contexts e g analysis software synthesis etc Some modeling paradigms have several kinds of models For instance Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual The Generic Modeling Environment e 11 e ina signal processing paradigm there can be Primitive Blocks for simple operators and Compound Blocks which may contain both primitive blocks and other compound blocks for compound operators e ina multiprocessor architecture modeling paradigm there can be models for computational Nodes and models for Networks formed from those nodes A model typically has parts other objects contained within the model Parts come in these varieties e atoms or atomic parts e other models e references which can be thought of as pointers to other objects e sets which can contain other parts and e connections Model with atomic parts as If a model contains parts we say that the model is the parent of its parts Parts can link ports have various attributes A special attribute associated with atomic parts allows them to be designated as link parts Link parts act as connection points between models usually used to indicate some form of association relationship or dataflow between Time two or more models Models containing other models as parts are called compound Freq models Models that cannot contain other models are called
139. mer iterl exists in the context of forAll only one is resolved as iterl one ocl Boolean because type of iterl is ocl Set Box and ocl Set has an iterator called one The resolved iterator called one creates a new implicit variable We refers to that as iter2 Second includes resolved as iter2 includes Box because iter2 precedes iterl and the type of iter2 is Box size is resolved as iterl size because the type of iter2 Box does not have any feature called size but iterl context Box inv let boxes self elements gt collect iterl elements in boxes gt forAll not includes self and boxes gt exists one includes self or size 0 Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 107 Expression Resolution In an OCL expression it is likely that a text can be resolved differently depending on the context e g declared implicit variables defined types existing features of types etc The rules of the resolution are described below These differ for different sort of texts and expressions In the description we assume that the paradigm is well formed and valid Resolving a text which looks like an identifier Check whether a type exists whose name is lt id gt If there is such a type resolution is stopped Check whether there is a variable calle
140. mponent h and Component cpp can replace the corresponding skeleton example files provided in the new BON When using such a component however a warning is message is displayed to remind users to upgrade the component code to one fully compliant with the new BON Although it is strongly recommended to update the component code i e converting CComponent Invoke to CComponent InvokeEx this warning can also be supressed by disabling the new COM component interface through the inclusion of the define IMPLEMENT OLD INTERFACE ONLY definition into the old Component h file Plung Ins are paradigm independent components The example Noname plug in displays a message The implementation is in the component cpp file shown below include stdafx h include Component h void CComponent InvokeEx CBuilder amp amp builder CBuilderObject focus CBuilderObjectList amp selected long param AfxMessageBox Plug In Sample The component h and component cpp files are the ones that the component writer needs to expand to implement the desired functionality Component Interface CBuilderObject CBuilder CBuilderFolder l CBuilderModel CBuilderAtom CBuilderModelReference CBuilderAtomReference CBuilderConnection CBuilderSet CBuilderReferencePort Class diagram of Builder Object Network Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual High Level Component Interface e 64 The simple class structure of the component inter
141. n different sort of ranges depending on what kind of nodes they are reside before e At kinds enable all constraints for all objects of the kind at the same time not stored e At types subtypes or instances enable all constraints for the specific object at the same time not stored e At constraint subnodes of kinds enable the specific constraint for all objects of the specific kind not stored e At constraint subnodes of objects enable the specific constraint for the specific object stored It is likely that the user changes a flag for an object e g for a type then the color of the checkboxes of the descendant objects will change using the advantage of type inheritance in the regisrty In order to facilitate the context definition the right and left buttons of the mouse can be used e Left button set the flag only for the specific node e Right button set the flag for the specific node and its appropriate subnode according to described relationships above Constraints in a library Constraints residing in a library are the same as the constraints in a model but according to the library s definition the constraints are read only Good to know that if a library i e the included model is changed it has to be included again into the model after deletion or refreshed After including the library the model has to be closed so that its new constraints will be available for evaluating Generic Modelin
142. n or the file name in case of binary files Version ID is the ID of the current generation of the paradigm The registry access mode is selectable in the lower right corner of the dialog box Pressing the Add from file button displays a file dialog where the user can select compiled binary files mta or XML documents It is possible to store paradigm information in MS Repository as well The Add from DB is used to specify paradigms stored in a database like MS Access Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Using GME 3 e 28 If the new paradigm specified was not yet registered 1t will be added the list of paradigms If however the paradigm is an update to an existing paradigm 1t will replace the existing one but the old paradigm is also kept as a previous generation The only exception is when the paradigms are specified in their binary format i e not XML and the file or connection name of the new generation corresponds to that of the previous one This way existing models can still be opened with the legacy paradigms they were created with For new models however the current generation is used always Paradigms can be unregistered using the Remove button Note that the paradigm file is not deleted Different generations of an existing paradigm can be managed using the Purge Select button This brings up another dialog showing all the generations of the selected paradigm One option is to set the current generation the o
143. n relation using a filled diamond FCOs that need to be shown in the an aspect must be made members of the given Aspect set GME 3 supports aspect mapping providing precise control over what aspect of a model is shown in an aspect of the containing model This is advanced rarely used usually feature is typically applied in case a container and a contained models have disjoint aspect sets Specifying aspect mapping would be to cumbersome in a UML like graphical language The metamodeling interpreter allows specifying this information in a dialog box described in detail later Composing Metamodels The composable metamodeling environment released with GME 3 v1 1 supports metamodel composition First 1t supports multiple paradigm sheets Unlike most UML editors where boxes representing classes are tied together by name GME 3 uses references They are called proxies Any UML class atom can have multiple proxies referring to it These references are visualized by a curved arrow inside the regular UML class icon The atom and all its proxies represent the same UML class Operators In addition to improving the usability of the environment and the readability of the metamodels the primary motivation behind composable metamodeling is to support the reuse of existing metamodels and eventually to create extensive metamodel libraries However this mandates that existing metamodels remain intact in the composition so that changes can propagate to
144. nality as the gme Object kindName attribute gme Object parent gme Object Returns the parent of the object The result can be an object whose dynamic meta kind is either gme Folder or gme Model Returns null if the object is the root folder of the project gme Object isNull ocl Boolean Returns true if the object is null In GME null is differs from undefined Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 125 gme Object isFCO ocl Boolean Returns true if the meta kind of the object is gme FCO or any descendant meta kinds gme Object isFolder ocl Boolean Returns true if the meta kind of the object is gme Folder gme Folder The meta kind ocl Folder represents a folder A folder may contain objects which have meta kind gme Object Aliases Super Meta Kind This meta kind can also be accessed as Folder Its super meta kind is gme Object Method gme Folder folders ocl Set gme Folder Returns a set which contains all folders recursively contained by the folder gme Folder childFolders ocl Set gme Folder Returns a set which contains all folders contained by the folder gme Folder rootDescendants ocl Set gme FCO Returns a set which contains all fcos which are either root objects in the folder or in all folders that the folder contains recursively gme Folder rootChildren ocl Set gme F
145. ne used for creating new models The other option allows unregistering or also physically deleting one or several of the previous generations Whether the files are deleted is controlled by the checkbox in the lower right corner Important New paradigm versions are not always compatible with existing binary models If a model is reopened GME offers the option to upgrade it to the new paradigm If the upgrade fails XML export and re import is needed the previous generation of the paradigm is to be used for export XML is usually the more robust technique for model migration it only fails if the changes in the paradigm make the model invalid In such a situation the paradigm should be temporarily reverted to support the existing model edited to eliminate the inconsistencies and then reopened with the final version of the paradigm New Project Selecting the New Project item in the File menu displays the dialog box described in the previous section All the features mentioned are available plus an additional button Create New which is used to proceed with the creation of a new project Once the desired paradigm is selected pressing the OK button displays another small dialog where the user can specify whether to store the new project in MS Repository or a binary file Pressing OK creates and opens a new blank project At this point the only object available in the project is the root folder shown in the Model Browser Using the context
146. ned in EnumAttr BooleanAttr Field Attr Icon Text field that gives the name of a file to be displayed as the icon for this object Contained in Atom Set Reference Model In root folder Boolean checkbox that determines whether or not this object can belong in the root folder Note that if an object cannot belong to the root folder then it must belong to a Folder or Model somewhere in its containment hierarchy that can belong to the root folder Default value Checked Contained in Folder Model Atom Set Reference Line end Enumeration of the possible end types of a line Possible types are Butt no special end Arrow and Diamond Default value Butt Contained in Connection Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Metamodeling Environment e 56 Line start Enumeration of the possible start types of a line Possible types are Butt no special end Arrow and Diamond Default value Butt Contained in Connection Line type Enumeration of the possible types of a line Possible types are Solid and Dash Default value Solid Contained in Connection Number of lines Integer field that gives the number of lines to display for this FieldAttr Default value 1 Contained in Field Attr Menu items A text field that lists the items in an EnumAttr There are two modes for this text field which can also be called a text box because it has the ability for multiple lines In b
147. ned or default When a particular set is activated only the objects belonging to that set are visible all other parts in the model are dimmed or grayed out Parts may belong to a single set to more than one set or to no set at all Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual The Generic Modeling Environment e 15 BAA Ww ew GME edit mode bar with the Set mode button selected Aspects Attributes To add or remove parts from sets the set must first be activated by placing the graphical editor into Set Mode This is done by clicking the Set Mode button see left on the edit mode bar Next a set is activated by right clicking the mouse on it Once the set has been activated parts even connections may be added and or removed using the left mouse button To return to the Edit Mode click the Normal Mode button on the edit mode bar The following examples of using sets e State dependent configuration of processing blocks in a signal processing paradigm e State dependent process configuration in a chemical engineering paradigm e State dependent failure propagation graphs in a fault modeling paradigm As mentioned earlier we use hierarchy to show or hide design detail within our models However large models and or complex modeling paradigms can lead to situations where even within a given level of design hierarchy there may be too many parts displayed at once To alleviate this problem models can be part
148. neric Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 101 Type Related Expressions Operators In OCL there are a bunch of operators defined by predefined types In both OCL 1 4 and OCL 2 0 logical operators are not defined completely as the specification does not define precedence between these operators This small lack would make writing OCL expressions more difficult because the user would have to use parenthesis even 1f it was not necessary In this implementation we define the precedence and the associative rules of operators as they are defined in well known programming languages Operators can be overloaded and defined for types of paradigms as well This extension is adopted from the C language The overridden operators can be accessed by applying the oclAsType method of ocl Any Exceptions to this rule are the primary operators first row of the table below The precedence from the highest to lowest and associativity are shown in the following table Operators Associativity pre gt Left to right sign Right to left 1 div mod Left to right Left to right lt lt gt gt Left to right Not Right to left and amp amp Left to right Xor Left to right or Left to right Implies gt Right to left In this implementation we allow short circuit logical operators 8 gt They can be useful when the use
149. ng Environment User s Manual Metamodeling Environment e 52 of them is abstract and the other is not the name of the non abstract class or proxy is used If both aspects are proxies or classes then the name of the SameAspect operator is used Currently the order of aspects in the target paradigm is determined by the relative vertical position of the aspect set icons in the metamodels Folder equivalence The equivalence of folders can be expressed using the SameFolder operator Generating the Target Modeling Paradigm Attribute Guide Once the Paradigm Model is complete then comes time to interpret the Model Interpretation can be initiated from any model After extensive consistency checking the interpreter displays a dialog box where aspect mapping information can be specified Aspect Mapping The dialog box contains as many tabs as there are distinct aspects in the target environment Under each tab a listbox displays all possible model role combinations in the first column The second column presents the available aspects for the given model and model reference i e in the specified role in a combo box The default selection is the aspect with the same name as the container models aspect For all other FCOs atoms sets connections this files shows N A The third column is used to specify whether the given the aspect is primary or not for the given FCO i e in the specified role In a primary aspect the given FCO can be
150. ng paradigm e Connections between processes on a process flow sheet of a chemical engineering paradigm e Connections between failure modes indicating failure propagation in a fault modeling paradigm Connections can be seen between atomic parts and models as in the case of the Input Signal atomic part connecting to the ports labeled In on each of the Generator models shown earlier and between ports of models as in the case of the Out ports of each Generator model connecting to the In port of another Generator model Notice that in this paradigm connections are directional used to indicate information flow between the models Models containing objects and connections show a static system In some cases however it is necessary to have a model of a dynamic system that has an architecture that changes over time From the visual standpoint this means that depending on what state the system is in we should see different pictures These states are not predefined by the modeling paradigm in that case they would be aspects but rather by the modeler The different pictures should show the same model containing the same kinds of parts but some of the parts should be present while others should be missing in a certain states In other words the modeler should be able to construct sets and subsets of particular objects even connections In GME each set is represented by an icon user defi
151. nguages When complex models are created containing many different kinds of atomic and hierarchical parts it is sometimes necessary for one model to directly access parts contained in another For example in one dataflow diagram a variable may be defined and in another diagram of the system one may want to use that variable In dataflow diagrams this is possible only by connecting that variable via a dataflow arc going up in the hierarchy until a level is reached from where one can descend and reach the other diagram a rather cumbersome process GME offers a better solution reference parts Reference parts are objects that refer to i e point to other modeling objects Thus a reference part can point to a model an atomic part of a model a model embedded in another model or even another reference part or a set A reference part can be created only after the referenced part has been created and the referenced part cannot be removed until all references to it have been removed However it is possible to create null references 1 e references that do not refer to any objects One can think of these as placeholders for future use Whether a particular reference can be established i e created or not depends on the particular modeling paradigm being used Examples of references are as follows e References to variables in remote dataflow diagrams in a signal processing paradigm e References to equipment models in a process
152. nnnionnooncocnonnnonncnnnonnnonononnnonnrnncnn rr ae aote 44 Assigning decorators to objects cceccesseessessceesceesceseceseceseceaecaaecaeecaecaaecaeecaeeeaeeeneseneeeeeeereearens 44 Metamodeling Environment 45 Introduction o Rd Raa Rae eee ee de 45 Step by step guide to basic metamodeling ee ececceesceseeeseeeeceeeceseeeseceeeceecaeeeaeeeeeeneeenreerees 45 PAM dd os 45 Pl oo e es ta dc al a 45 ED e at ds e ec E 46 A 47 RE e ds ad e des EOS 47 COMEN a 48 dd ca o ds 49 Model siii o e as cs EE e e eae R 50 AHD tratado eros reales obit cia 50 A UNA 50 A E T E tates 51 Composing Metamodels c cccccessessscesseesecescesecesecaecaeecseeeaeeeseceneseeeeeesseeeseeeseceaeeaecseeeaeeenes 51 O TI 51 Generating the Target Modeling Paradigm ccccsceesseesceseeeeceeeceeeceeceseeesecsaeeeeceeeeeeneeaes 53 Aspect Mapping c occcoccconconnnonnnononnnconoco nono neon nronnron nono no nn rro n rn A 53 Attribute idos EEE E lan Sates sra l ito esla hop cab 53 Semantics Guide to Metamodeling oooooconocinoninonoonnoonconnconoco nono nconncon nono nonnnonn ron rrnn rr n naar rana nro 60 High Level Component Interface 62 Introduction to the Component Interface ccceecccsseessesseeesceeseeeecesecesecesecaecaeecaeecaeceeeneeenes 62 What Does the Component Interface DO d ooooonnonccniccnccnnocnoonnonoconoconccnnoonncn nooo nnonnronnnonncnn ninas 62 Component Interface Entry Point 0 0 ccccceseceseesseesce
153. novits Engineering of Computer Based Systems An Emerging Discipline Proceedings of the IEEE ECBS 98 Conference 1998 Ledeczi A Maroti M Bakay A Karsai G Garrett J Thomason IV C Nordstrom G Sprinkle J Volgyesi P The Generic Modeling Environment Workshop on Intelligent Signal Processing accepted Budapest Hungary May 17 2001 Ledeczi A Nordstrom G Karsai G Volgyesi P Maroti M On Metamodel Composition IEEE CCA 2001 CD Rom Mexico City Mexico September 5 2001 Ledeczi et al Metaprogrammable Toolkit for Model Integrated Computing Proceedings of the IEEE ECBS 99 Conference 1999 Additionally many other MIC related journal articles conferences papers and other reference materials are available from the ISIS web site accessible via the following URL http www isis vanderbilt edu Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix C References e 134 Glossary of Terms aspects The parts contained within a GME model are partitioned into viewable groups called aspects Parts may be added or deleted only from their primary aspects but may be visible in many secondary aspects CBS Computer Based System Compound model A model that can contain other objects connection A line with a particular appearance and directionality joining two atomic parts or parts contained in models In the GME connections can have domain specific attributes accessed by right clicking any
154. nted using UML stereotypes However interface and implementation inheritance are semantically much closer to regular inheritance than to associations Therefore the use of association with stereotypes would be misleading B2 C2 lt lt model gt gt lt lt model gt gt Ci lt lt model gt gt B1 lt lt model gt gt D1 lt lt model gt gt D2 lt lt model gt gt x1 X2 lt lt model gt gt lt lt model gt gt Implementation and interface inheritance operators Aspect equivalence Since classes representing Aspects show up only in the Visualization aspect another operator is used to express the equivalence of aspects called the SameAspect operator While aspects can have proxies as well they are not sets any more they are references Hence they cannot be used to add additional objects to the aspect In this case a new aspect needs to be created New members can be added to it since it is a set Using the SameAspect operator and typically a proxy of another aspect the equivalence of the two aspects can be expressed Note that having two aspects with the same name without explicitly expressing the equivalence of them will result in two different aspect in the target modeling paradigm The name of the final aspect is determined by the following rules Ifan equivalence is expressed between a proxy and a UML class the name of the class is used If one Generic Modeli
155. nts can be connected to more than one kind if it expresses common rules for them If a constraint is associated with a base kind then all descendants will have that constraint as well After defining the context the user has to Name the constraint The names must be unique within kinds Thus a kind cannot have constraints inherited from the base kind and associated directly with the same name It is not required that the name include the text constraint or any form of it Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager 81 If the constraint is violated then the content of the Description will be shown thus this field must be very descriptive so that the user can fix the problem The expression i e the equation of the constraint will be evaluated on all objects of a kind and it must return true of false in case of an exception it returns undefined The context can be accessed through the self variable As we mentioned earlier the GME project itself is also available as project After the properties of the constraint are filled in the user may enable the event based evaluation If it is required she may set the constraint to critical setting Priority value to 1 In this case the constraint will be evaluated when an appropriate event is sent and the modeler can only abort the last operation if the constraint is not satisfied lala A Ele Edit view Window Help 2181 x 7 de
156. on connecting two objects For more information on the semantics of these events please refer to the constraint manager documentation e Onclose model e Onnew child e On delete e On disconnect e On connect e On derive e On change property e On change assoc e Onexclude from set e On include in set e Onmove e On create e On change attribute e Onlost child e Onrefer e Onunrefer Default value Unchecked Contained in Constraint Port icon Text field that gives the name of a file to be displayed as the port icon for this object If no entry is made for this field but the object is a port then the normal icon will be scaled to port size Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Metamodeling Environment e 58 Contained in Atom Set Reference Model Priority 1 High Enumeration of the possible levels of priority of this constraint For more information on constraint priority refer to the constraint manager Contained in Constraint Prompt A text field translated into the prompt of an attribute It is in exact WYSIWYG format i e no or is appended to the end Contained in EnumAttr BooleanAttr FieldAttr Return type Text field that specifies the type a Constraint Function returns Contained in ConstraintFunc Rolename Text field that gives the rolename that the FCO will have in the Connection There are two different possible default values src and d
157. order of attributes an FCO will have is determined by the relative vertical location of the UML classes representing the attributes Inheritance Inheritance is standard style for UML Any FCO may inherit from an FCO kind of class but an FCO may inherit only from other FCO s Kinds may inherit only from each other e g Model may not inherit from Atom When the class is declared as abstract then it is used during generation but no output FCO is generated No class of kind FCO is ever generated When multiple inheritance is encountered it will always be treated as if it were virtual inheritance For example the classic diamond hierarchy will result in only one grandparent class being created rather than duplicate classes for each parent How to Specify Inheritance It is assumed that Child and Parent are of the same kind e g Atom Model FCO is used in this example for brevity but note that any FCO may participate in the Child role if the Parent is of kind FCO Else they must match Connect the Parent FCO to the Inheritance Atom This creates a superclass Connect the Inheritance atom to the Child FCO This creates the child class Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Metamodeling Environment 50 Aspect This set defines the visualization that the Models in the destination paradigm will use Models may contain Aspects through the HasAspect connection kind This is visualized using the traditional UML compositio
158. orming model integrated computing One approach to MIC is model integrated program synthesis MIPS A MIPS environment operates according to a domain specific set of requirements that describe how any system in the domain can be modeled These modeling requirements specify the types of entities and relationships that can be modeled how to model them entity and or relationship attributes the number and types of aspects necessary to logically and efficiently partition the design space how semantic information is to be represented in and later extracted from the models analysis requirements and in the case of executable models run time requirements In MIPS formalized models capture various aspects of a domain specific system s desired structure and behavior Model interpreters are used to perform the computational transformations necessary to synthesize executable code for use in the system s execution environment often in conjunction with code libraries and some form of middleware e g CORBA the MultiGraph kernel POSIX or to supply input data streams for use by various GOTS COTS or custom software packages e g spreadsheets simulation engines When changes in the overall system require new application programs the models are updated to reflect these changes the interpretation process is repeated and the applications and data streams are automatically regenerated from the models Once a modeling paradigm has been establis
159. ose the Refer type of connection If the FCO is not of type Model then no additional input is necessary When specifying the roles to which a Reference may refer that is if the referred FCO may play more than one kind of role in a particular Model the current solution is that it may refer to all roles of that particular kind However in the future this list may be modified during paradigm construction through the help of an add on Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Metamodeling Environment 47 E lt lt model gt gt Pointer lt lt reference gt gt Tree lt lt atom gt gt Example implementation of a Reference Connection In order for a Connection to be legal within a Model it must be contained through aggregation in that Model The Connection is another highly configurable concept The attributes of a Connection include Name Position 1 destination label 2 destination label 1 source label 2 source label Color Line type Line end and Line Start How to specify a connection between two Atoms In addition to Atoms a Reference to an Atom may also be used as an endpoint of the Connection Note that Connection is also usable as an endpoint but there is currently no visualization for this concept Drag in a Connector Atom the name of the Connector was deleted in the example figure Connect the source Atom to the Connector Connect the Connector to the destination Atom Connec
160. ot introduce multiple dependency chains Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Type Inheritance e 37 Attributes and Preferences The Attributes and the Preferences tabs each show the items either in gray color or in black color Items with gray color have the default or inherited value which means that the value is not given explicitly for this object If the user assigns a new value to an attribute or preference the item will be show in black color An item can be reset to the inherited value by pressing Ctrl D while the item is active References and Sets As mentioned before references can be redirected with some restrictions and set membership can be changed in subtypes and instances The propagation of settings along the dependency chain is true here too Changing the settings breaks the dependency chain for the given object However the setting can be easily reset by selecting the Reset item in the appropriate context menu References can also be reset to null by using the Clear item in the context menu However this is only allowed if the container model is an archetype or if the inherited value of the reference is null itself otherwise it would violate the rules of inheritance in GME 3 Decorator enhancements Since GME 3 the default decorator is able to display more information about objects regarding the type inheritance The user may turn off or on these information in meta modeling time or modeling time too e
161. ottom which shows status and error messages current edit mode e g EDIT CONNECT etc zoom factor paradigm name e g SF and current time e Attribute Browser Shows the attributes and preferences of an object e Model Browser Shows either the aggregation hierarchy of the project the type inheritance hierarchy of a model or a quick overview of the current modeling paradigm These features will be described in detail in later sections As mentioned above the GME is a generic programmable tool However all GME configurations are the same on a certain level simply because only the domain specific modeling concepts and model structures have changed Before describing GME operation we briefly describe the domain independent modeling concepts embodied in all GME instances Defining the Modeling Paradigm To properly model any large complex engineering system a modeler must be able to describe a system s entities attributes and relationships in a clear concise manner The modeling environment must constrain the modeler to create syntactically and semantically correct models while affording the modeler the flexibility and freedom to describe a system in sufficient detail to allow meaningful analysis of the models Issues such as what is to be modeled how the modeling is to be done and what types of analyses are to be performed on the constructed models must be formalized before any system is built Such design choices
162. pression gt lt expression gt e g Sequence 0 1 2 23 true Let expression A Let expression performs variable declaration and initialization This expression has two parts The first part declares and initializes the variable the second part declares where this variable is accessible Let expression s return type is the same type as the second expression Variables in OCL can be used to make the constraint more readable or to improve the performance of constraint evaluation If we want to use a result of an expression more than once it is better to compute the result only once and store it in a variable Let expression may have a type declaration as well NG an n let lt variableName gt lt declarationType gt lt expression gt lt expression gt e g in GME let dogs persons connectedFCOs src Partners If Then Else Expression This expression is the well known if feature of languages with a limitation that it always has an else branch Otherwise if the condition is not satisfied the result would be unknown The If expression consists of three expressions e The condition which has to return ocl Boolean or any of its descendants if they exist e Two expressions with the same return type i e then and else branches If the condition evaluates to true then only the first expression will be evaluated otherwise only
163. r associations like connections going through references as well Generally it is recommended to carefully check the models after a refresh operation especially if non trivial changes were applied to the library Mapping the old and new library objects is based on the relative ID s RelID s Relative ID s are unique identifiers of objects belonging to the same parent i e folder or model When an object is deleted its RelID is not reused for a long time until the RelID space of about 100 million is not running out so it is practically safe to identify objects by RelID s The identification based on RelID s works sufficiently by itself in most cases There may be exceptional situations however when RelID s need to be manually changed to provide a suitable mapping e g when an object is inadvertently deleted from a library and must be restored manually The object Properties dialog boxes available through the context menu can be used to manually change individual object RelID s When changing RelID s be aware that setting RelID s incorrectly may corrupt a whole project Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Libraries e 40 Decorators Introduction GME 3 v1 2 and later implements object drawing in a separate plugable COM module making domain specific visual representation a reality In earlier versions of GME one could only specify bitmap files for objects This method is still supported by the default decorator componen
164. r is significant from left to right or use the add button in the dialog box to add directories one by one utilizing a standard Windows File Dialog box Icon directories can be set for system wide use or for the current user only GME 3 searches first in the user directories followed by the system directories e Exit Closes GME 3 Once a model window is open the following additional items become available e Run Interpreter As mentioned earlier model interpreters are used in the GME to extract semantic information from the models This menu choice invokes the model interpreter registered with the paradigm using the currently selected model as an argument Depending on the specific paradigm and interpreter such an argument may or may not be necessary A submenu makes it possible to select an interpreter if there is more than one interpreter available e Run Plug Ins Plug ins are paradigm independent interpreters This command makes it possible to run the desired one e Check Invokes the Constraint Manager to check the constraints for the current model Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Using GME 3 e 24 Print Allows the user to print the contents of the currently active window It scales the contents to fit on one page Print Setup Standard Windows functionality After a project has been loaded or created the following menu items are active Edit Editing commands Undo Redo The last ten operations can be
165. r wants to alter the process of the evaluation lt expression gt lt binaryOperator gt lt expression gt lt unaryOperator gt lt expression gt e g This forms Y a string not person isRetired Functions Although OCL is based on the object oriented concept functions can be defined to make OCL more convenient Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 102 There are two examples for this e We write max a b instead of a max b Of course both forms of these calls are available e In extensions of OCL it is good practice to somehow separate the extending features from the standard ones This issue can be solved very well with functions though it is not necessary Functions may have arguments which are evaluated before calling the function Arguments may be optional as in many programming languages Optional arguments can be followed only by other optional arguments Arguments omitted in a call are considered to be undefined There are some predefined functions in OCL in particularly for ocl Real and ocl Integer lt functionName gt lt expression gt lt expression gt e g floor 3 14 Attributes The simplest features of a type are attributes Attributes are defined by the type or by the meta type It is also possible that an attribute is not defined by either type or meta type but by a constraint attribute defini
166. rent o meta Connector OnlySrcDst Message Signature 3 Expression evaluated to false meta Atom isAbstract a 3 Expression evaluated to false meta Atom InRootFolder 3 Expression evaluated to false operator gt oct Integer ock Integer a 3 Expression evaluated to false operator implies ock Boolean ock Boolean 3 Expression evaluated to false operator implies ock Boolean ock Boolean a 1 Expression evaluated to false At root expression Previous Next Violation selector Tracking window Buttons to close buttons false values and exceptions retain or abort changes The dialog displaying the violated or failed constraints in both compact and detailed views Detailed View In addition to that compact view the detailed one displays all the information can be gathered during the evaluation Here we can see all violations at the left of the dialog The user can sort the content similarly to the Syntax and Semantic Errors displaying dialog The content of the whole dialog is changing according to the selected item in the list At the right we can track and follow the constraint evaluation on a particular object regarded as the context of the constraint For the time being in this window we can see only those feature calls that returned false or undefined In lots of cases this information is enough to eliminate the unwanted errors or to find out where the problem occurred Generic Modeling
167. restrict the context of constraints For each object and constraint pair the user may set a special enable flag If the constraint is disabled for an object then the constraint will be evaluated on the object only if the user checks it explicitly Nevertheless there are some exceptions when the enable flag cannot be changed e Critical constraints defined in the paradigm or in a library are always enabled e Flags cannot be changed for the objects residing in a library The user can change these flags in the Kinds and Types page of the Constraint Browser dialog The dialog displays this information in a tree whose root nodes are the kinds Subnodes of the kinds are types subtypes and instances according to the type inheritance chain Each object and each kind have subnodes representing the constraints Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager e 90 In the beginning the tree contains special icons instead of checkboxes These icons are for telling the user that there is no information gathered regarding the kinds Selecting them or clicking on the Load All button will cause the information to become available Checkboxes may have different colors The meaning of the colors are the following e Grey the flag is disabled e Cyan the flag s value is inherited the value is implicit e Black the flag s value is set explicitly not inherited The checkboxes can enable or disable the constraints i
168. return false For field and page attributes the type matches that of specified in the meta for menus it is a CString and for toggle switches it is a bool The GetxxxAttributeNames functions return the list of names of attributes the given object has This helps writing paradigm independent components plug ins The GetReferencedBy function returns the list of references that refer to the given object renamed in v1 2 from GetReferences The GetInConnections GetOutConnection functions return the list of incoming outgoing connections from the given object The string argument specifies the name of the connection kind as specified by the modeling paradigm The GetInConnectedObjects GetOutConnectedObjects functions return a list of objects instead The GetDirectInConnections GetDirectOutConnections build a tree The root of the tree is the given object the edges of the tree are the given kind of connections The function returns the leaf nodes Basically these functions find paths to from the given object without the component writer having to write the traversal code Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual High Level Component Interface e 65 The TraverseChildren virtual functions provide a ways to traverse the builder object network along the containment hierarchy The implementation provided does not do anything the component writer can override it to implement the necessary functionality As we ll see later the CBuilderModel
169. rface allows the user to change this flag by kind type and subtype as well as by instances This flag can be set for objects directly or implicitly i e the value of the flag is inherited taking advantage of type inheritance Constraints at Modeling Time and In Libraries In GME a special inheritance called type inheritance is introduced at modeling time To learn about more this feature see chapter Type Inheritance This solution raises a question about how to specify constraints whose context is a type a subtype or a sole instance The answer is the user defined constraint which does not differ from the constraint defined at meta modeling time meta defined constraint except that the user defined constraints are stored in the registry of the model rather than in the paradigm Although the context of user defined constraints can only be a kind with constraint disabling this context can be tightened into specific types or even instances As an expert GME user knows libraries can be defined and attached to a designated folder i e to the RootFolder A library will be a read only part of the model therefore all user defined constraints are fixed and cannot be changed This allows the user to create libraries that force additional well formedness or validity as well Types and Constraints Expressions In GME all types of available constraints equation of a constraint or a constraint definition contain another predefined varia
170. rts cannot be deleted and connections cannot be modified in either subtypes or instances Any modification of parts in a type propagates down the inheritance hierarchy For example if a part is deleted in a type the same part will be automatically deleted in all of its instances and subtypes and instances of subtypes all the way down the inheritance hierarchy Types can contain other types as well as instances as parts The mixture of aggregation and type inheritance introduces another kind of relationship between objects This is best illustrated through an example In the figure below there are two root type models the Engine and the Car The car contains an instance of an engine V6 and an ABS type model V6 is an instance of the Engine this relationship is indicated by the dash line Aggregation is depicted by solid lines Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Type Inheritance e 35 PN A A EE Es V6 ABS V6 ABSX A Sa an ay n T Type i ls T ST SubType AS I Instance Composition Dependency Model Dependency Chains When we create a subtype of the Car Cool Car above we indirectly create another instance of the Engine V6 and a subtype of the ABS type This is the expected behavior as a subtype without any modification should look exactly like 1ts base type Notice the arrow that points from V6 in Cool Car to V6 in Car Both of
171. s checks equality standard OCL Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 98 The following are some examples which return true assuming that there is a variable var initialized with 5 let var 5 in var oclAsType ocl Any var oclAsType ocl Any 1 Standard way to test identity var oclAsType ocl Any var oclAsType ocl Any 2 Redundant complex but valid expression same as 1 var var 3 Same as 1 short and compact form of 1 not var var Meaning of operator var 5 Because 5 is stored in different memory space as var s value var 5 Equality of integers not var lt gt 5 Non equality of integers 5 l 5 Two fives are in different memory spaces During the evaluation of an OCL expression none of the objects are altered after they receive a value i e they are initialized This is a consequence of query languages In OCL all features of types return a different object not identical even if it is possible for them to return the same object identical For example method ocl Set including receives an object adds it to the set and returns a set The two sets are not identical but the object which is included in the new Set is identical to the argument of the method because it was not altered We must note here that in all features depending on identity or equality check equality is always applied We will ind
172. s highly recommended that the user execute the Check All command because it is likely that the paradigm or a library contains pure on demand constraints which are evaluated only if the user would like to Altering the evaluation process In GME 3 the user may change some settings to alter the evaluation process This can be done by opening the Constraint Manager s main dialog File Display Constraints and by clicking on the Settings page Constraint Browser iq Constraints Kinds and Types Settings Short circuit evaluation Enable short circuit logical operators Operators amp amp gt can change the evaluation IV Enable short circuit predefined iterators lterators terminates immediatelly after result is available Evaluation tracking Enable tracking i e debuging of evaluation Reporting exceptions false values retuned by features Termination of evaluation Evaluation ends after the first violation C Evaluation ends after the first violated priority level C Evaluation ends after violations Evaluation ends after all constraints evaluated Load all BE Add Prasa E r Depth of on demand evaluation Model is in focus Evaluate only constraints of the Model Evaluate the constraints of the Model s children also C Evaluate the constraints of the Model s not immediate children as well Remove Cancel Settings of the evaluation Short circuit
173. s in a type model propagate down the type inheritance hierarchy unconditionally e Aggregation and type inheritance introduce dependency chains between models e Attribute and preference changes set membership modification and reference redirection propagate down the dependency chain Ifa particular setting has been overridden in a certain model in the dependency chain that breaks the chain for that setting Changes up in the chain do not propagate to the given model or below e The rules for reference redirection are as follows A null reference in a type can be redirected in any way that the paradigm allows down the dependency chain A reference to a type in a type model can only be redirected to subtypes or instances of the referred to type or any instances of any its subtypes A reference to an instance model in a type model cannot be redirected at all down the hierarchy Obviously a reference in an archetype can be redirected in any way the paradigm allows e To avoid multiple dependency chains between any two objects in version 1 1 or older only root type models could be explicitly derived or instantiated This restriction has been relaxed Now if none of a type model s descendants and ascendants are derived or instantiated then the model can be derived or instantiated This means for example that a model that has nor subtypes or instances itself can contain a model type AND its instances This relaxed restriction still does n
174. s shown as text including numbers and a choice from a finite set of symbolic or numeric constants Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual The Generic Modeling Environment e 16 Preferences Typically objects have multiple attributes which can be set using non graphical means such as entry fields menus buttons etc The attribute values are translated into object values e g numbers strings etc and assigned to the objects The modeling paradigm defines what attributes are present for what objects the ranges of the attribute values etc Interpreting these values is left to the model interpreters though the users may create constraints using OCL for the attributes to ensure that their values are valid Examples of attributes are as follows e Data type of parameters in a signal processing paradigm e Units for process parameters in a chemical engineering paradigm e Mean time between failure specifications for components in a fault modeling paradigm Pi F torKind Atinbutes Preferences Properties Double The attribute box associated with a Parameter atom called Pi An object s attributes can be accessed by right clicking on the object and selecting Attributes from the menu causing the Attribute Browser activated Preferences are paradigm independent properties of objects The five different kinds of first class objects model atom reference connection set each have a different set of prefer
175. s that are not associated with any of your models use the appropriate macro pair from the list below Note that the lt NAMES gt argument is missing because there is no need for it LARE CUSTOMMODELBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt LARE CUSTOMMODELREFBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt LARE CUSTOMATOMBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt LARE CUSTOMATOMREFBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt LARE CUSTOMCONNECTIONBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt LARE CUSTOMSETBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt LEMENT CUSTOMMODELBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt LEMENT CUSTOMMODELREFBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt LEMENT CUSTOMATOMBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt LEMENT CUSTOMATOMREFBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt LEMENT CUSTOMCONNECTIONBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt LEMENT CUSTOMSETBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt For casting use the BUILDER_CAST CLASS PTR macro for casting a builder class pointer to its derived custom builder object pointer Example Let s assume that our modeling paradigm has a model kind called Compound Let s write a component that implements an algorithm similar to the previous example In this case we ll scan only the Compound models Again the folder hierarchy is not considered Here is the Component h file ifndef GME INTERPRETER H define GME INTERPRETER H include Builder h define NEW_BON INVOKE define DEPRECATED
176. s the maximum of this and real Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 115 ocl Real min real ocl Real ocl Real Returns the minimum of this and real ocl Integer The type ocl Integer represents the mathematical concept of integer Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as int or long Its supertype is ocl Real Operators operator intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Boolean Returns true if int1 is equal to int2 operator lt gt intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Boolean Returns true if int1 is not equal to int2 operator lt intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Boolean Returns true if int1 is less than int2 operator lt intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Boolean Returns true if int1 is less than or equal to int2 operator gt intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Boolean Returns true if int1 is greater than int2 operator gt intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Boolean Returns true if int1 is greater than or equal to int2 operator int ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns an integer which is the opposite of int or 0 if int is 0 operator intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns an integer which is the addition of int1 and int2 operator intl ocl Integer
177. s to true Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME 119 This iterator is not implemented yet OCL 1 4 specification has mistyped information about this iterator It returns a sequence which contains all elements of the collection where the order of the elements is determined by the value returned by anyExpr for the element ocl Set The type ocl Set represents the mathematical concept of set Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as Set Its supertype is ocl Collection Operators operator setl ocl Set set2 ocl Set ocl Boolean Returns true if the size of set and set2 are the same and set1 contains all elements of set2 and set2 contains all elements of sett operator lt gt setl ocl Set set2 ocl Set ocl Boolean Returns true if the size of set and set2 are not the same or set1 contains at least one element that set2 does not or set contains at least one element that set2 does not operator setli os ocl Set set2 ocl Set i ocls Se t set ocl Set bag ocl Bag ocl Bag operator Returns the union of set1 and set2 or set and bag operator set ocl Set collection ocl Collection ocl Set Returns a set which contains all elements that are contained in set but not in collection operator setl ocl Set set2 ocl Set ocl Set operator set ocl Set bag
178. splays UML classes including their stereotypes and attributes Proxies also show this information It resizes UML classes accordingly Note that the figures below show the old appearance of metamodels GME 3 adds a OCL syntax checker add on to the metamodeling environment Every time a constraint expression attribute is changed this add on is activated Note that the target paradigm information is not available to this tool therefore it cannot check arguments and parameters such as kindname These can only be checked at constraint evaluation time in your target environment Step by step guide to basic metamodeling The following sections describe the concepts that are used to model the output Paradigm Paradigm The Paradigm is represented as the model that contains the UML class diagram The name of the Paradigm model is the name of the paradigm produced by the interpreter The attributes of the Paradigm are Author Information and Version Information Folder A Folder is represented as a UML class of stereotype folder Folders may own other Folders FCO s and Constraints Once a Folder contains another container it by default contains all FCO s Folders and Constraints that are in that container Folders are visualized only in the model browser window of GME 3 and therefore do not use aspects A Folder has the Displayed Name and In Root Folder attributes Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Metamodeling Environment e
179. st depending upon whether the connection was made from the Connector to the FCO or the FCO to the Connector Default value sre or dst Contained in SourceToConnector ConnectorToSource Stereotype Enumeration field that specifies how a Constraint Function can be called e attribute e method Default value method Contained in ConstraintFunc Type displayed A boolean checkbox that decides whether the name of Type or Subtype of an Instance has to be displayed or not Default value Unchecked Contained in FCO Atom Model Set Typeinfo displayed A boolean checkbox that decides whether T S or P letter is displayed according to that the concrete model is Type Subtype or Instance A model does not have any sign if it is not in type inheritance Default value Checked Contained in Model Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Metamodeling Environment e 59 Version information A text field translated into a comment within the paradigm output file The user is responsible for updating this field Contained in Paradigm Viewable A boolean checkbox that decides whether or not to display the attribute in the paradigm If the state is unchecked then the attribute will be defined in the metamodel but not viewable in any Aspect regardless of the properties of the FCO This is useful if you want to store attributes outside the user s knowledge Default value Checked Cont
180. sult is identical to the object itself Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 110 The object s type has to conform to the type or vice versa This method can be used to access overridden and overloaded features defined by ascendants of a type up cast or it can be used for the well known down cast type can be a simple name but a compound name So far this method cannot be used to check type conformity ocl Set ocl Any as an argument is invalid only ocl Set is valid If the specified type is invalid or if there is no type having this name the method throws an exception and returns undefined ocl Any isUndefined ocl Boolean Returns true if the object is undefined This method can be used to test whether an object is undefined or not and to handle exceptions thrown by an OCL expression ocl String The type ocl String represents ASCII strings as specified in OCL Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as string Its supertype is ocl Any Operators operator stringl ocl String string2 ocl String ocl Boolean Returns true if string1 is the same character sequence as string2 operator lt gt stringl ocl String string2 ocl String ocl Boolean Returns true if string1 is not the same character sequence as string2 operator stringl ocl String string2 ocl String ocl String Returns a string wh
181. t is the name of one of the appropriate built in class or a user derived class The user can create abstract base classes as discussed later The lt NAMES gt argument lists the names of the kinds of models the given class will be associated with It can be a single name or a comma separated list The whole names string must be encompassed by double quotes For example if we have a Compound model in our paradigm we can create a builder class for it the following way Component h class CCompoundBuilder public CBuilderModel DECLARE CUSTOMMODEL CCompoundBuilder CBuilderModel public virtual void Initialize virtual CCompoundBuilder more declarations 7 Component cpp MPLEMENT CUSTOMMODEL CCompoundBuilder CBuilderModel Compound void CCompoundBuilder Initialize code that otherwise would go into a constructor CBuilderModel Initialize CCompoundBuilder CCompoundBuilder the destructor more code The macros create a constructor and a Create function in order for a factory object to be able to create instances of the given class Do not define your own constructors Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual High Level Component Interface e 70 use the Initialize function instead You have to call the base class implementation These macros call the standard MFC DECLARE_DYNCREATE and IMPLEMENT DYNCREATE macros If you want to define abstract base classe
182. t is introduced because at meta modeling time this folder has to be referred to somehow It does not have special features regarding its meta kind gme Folder Aliases Supertypes Meta Type This kind can be accessed as RootFolder Its super type is ocl Any Its meta kind is gme Folder gme ConnectionPoint This kind corresponds to association end in GME Using this kind is not recommended because it serves meta kind information and is not defined well in standard OCL This kind will be likely eliminated and replaced by a standard type AssociationEnd in the new implementation of OCL Aliases Supertypes This kind can be accessed as ConnPoint or ConnectionPoint Its super type is ocl Any Operators operator cpl gme ConnectionPoint cp2 gme ConnectionPoint ocl Boolean operator lt gt cpl gme ConnectionPoint cp2 gme ConnectionPoint ocl Boolean The first operator returns true if cp1 and cp2 have the same role are attached to the same fco and are connection points of the same connection If at least one of these conditions is not satisfied it returns false The second operator returns true if at least one of these conditions is not satisfied Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 132 Attributes gme ConnectionPoint cpRoleName ocl String Returns the role of the connection point Methods gme ConnectionPoint cpRoleName o
183. t position of the annotation annotations lt AnnotationName gt aspects If this key is defined the annotation is visible in all aspects annotations lt AnnotationName gt aspects If defined the annotation is visible in lt AspectName gt the specific aspect If it contains a position code this will be the position of your comment in this aspect Managing Paradigms The Register Paradigm item in the File menu displays a dialog box where the user can add or modify paradigms This dialog box is also displayed as the first step of the New Project command see below Like other items recorded in the Windows registry paradigms can be registered either in the current user s own registry HKEY CURRENT USER Software GME Paradigms or in the common system registry HKEY LOCAL MACHINE Software GME Paradigms If a paradigm is registered in both registries the per user registry takes precedence When changing the registration of paradigms it can be specified where the changes are to be recorded Non administrator users on Windows systems generally do not have write access to the system registry so they can only change the per user registration Paradigms are listed by their name status connection string and current version ID The name is what primarily identifies the paradigm The status is u user or s system depending where the paradigm is registered The connection string specifies the database access informatio
184. t shipped with GME 3 Replacing the default implementation basically consists of two steps First we have to create a COM based component which implements the IMgaDecorator COM interface Second we have to assign this decorator to the classes in our metamodel or for the objects in our model s if we want to override the default decorator specified in the metamodel GME instantiates a separate decorator for each object in each aspect so we have to keep our decorator code as compact as possible Decorator components always have to be in process servers Using C ATL or MFC is the recommended way to develop decorators The IMgaDecorator interface The following diagram shows the method invocation sequence on the IMgaDecorator interface Understanding the protocol between GME and the decorators is the key to developing decorators All the methods on the decorator interface are called by GME there is no callback mechanism The direction column in the diagram shows the direction of the information flow GME always calls your methods in a read only MGA transaction You must not initiate new transactions in your decorator SaveState method is the only exception to this rule This method is called in a read write transaction therefore this is the only place where you can store decorator specific information in the MGA project Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Decorators e 41 GME Dir Decorator decorator class constructor
185. t the Connector to the Connection Resolve the Connection type to AssociationClass The rolenames of the connections src and dst denote which of the Atoms may participate as the source or destination of the connection There may be only one source and one destination connection to the Connector Atom Inheritance is a useful method to increase the number of sources and destinations since all child classes will also be sources and destinations Currently all possible FCO source destination combinations will be used in the production of the metamodel However in future revisions of the metamodeling environment the list of allowable connections may be modified at model building time to eliminate certain possibilities from ever occurring Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Metamodeling Environment e 48 Thing1 lt lt atom gt gt Broam ing lt lt connection gt gt a Example of a Connection Set The Set is a more general case of the Reference Sets have the Icon name and Name Position attributes Figure 4 shows an example implementation of a Set The members of the Set are owned by the Set through the SetMembership connection kind when connecting the Reference to the Set the user will be prompted to choose between the SetMembership and ReferTo connection kinds Some underlying assumptions exist here such as all members of the Set must be members of the Model to which t
186. tainment associations where the base class functions as the container No other associations are inherited Implementation inheritance is represented graphically by a UML inheritance icon containing a solid black dot This can be seen in the left hand side diagram in the figure below where implementation inheritance is used to derive class X1 from class B1 In this case X1 the association allowing objects of type C1 to be contained in objects of type B1 In other words X1 type objects can contain C1 type objects Because Bl type objects can contain other B1 type objects X1 type objects can contain objects of type B1 but not of type X1 Note that D1 type objects can contain objects of type B1 but not objects of type X1 Interface inheritance operator The right side of the figure shows interface inheritance between B2 and X2 the unfilled circle inside the inheritance icon denotes interface inheritance Interface inheritance allows no attribute inheritance but does allow full association inheritance with one exception containment associations where the base class functions as the container are not inherited Therefore in this example X2 type objects can be contained in objects of type D2 and B2 but no objects can be contained in X2 type objects not even other X2 type objects The union of implementation inheritance and interface inheritance is the normal UML inheritance It should also be noted that these operators could have been impleme
187. ter can extend the component interface by her own classes In order for the interface to be able to create the builder object network instantiating the new added classes before the user defined interpretation actually begins a pair of macros must be used Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual High Level Component Interface 69 The derived class declaration must use one of the DECLARE macros The implementation must include the appropriate IMPLEMENT macro There is a pair of macros for models atoms model and atom references connections and sets The following list describes their generic form LARE CUSTOMMODEL lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt LARE CUSTOMMODELREF lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt LARE CUSTOMATOM lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt LARE CUSTOMATOMREF lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt LARE CUSTOMCONNECTION lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt LARE CUSTOMSET lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt LEMENT CUSTOMMODEL lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt lt NAMES gt LEMENT CUSTOMMODELREF lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt lt NAMES gt LEMENT CUSTOMATOM lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt lt NAMES gt LEMENT CUSTOMATOMREF lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt lt NAMES gt LEMENT CUSTOMCONNECTION lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt lt NAMES gt LEMENT CUSTOMSET lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt lt NAMES gt Here the lt CLASS gt is the name of the new class while the lt BASE_CLASS g
188. ters of the feature can be accessed as variables Although the original OCL does not allow the renaming of self in pre conditions this implementation does allow it The names of the parameters must be unique and cannot be either self or the name of the context For the time being this constraint type is not fully implemented because so far it has not been a requirement for GME and UDM Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 95 context lt contextName gt lt typeName gt lt featureName gt lt paramName gt lt paramType gt lt paramName gt lt paramType gt lt typeName gt pre lt constraintName gt lt expression gt e g context Person GetSalary month int real pre ValidMonth context p Person CheckOut pre Post conditions A constraint can be a Post condition A post condition can be associated with any behavioral feature In order to define the context of the constraint the user has to specify the name the parameters and the returned type of the feature In a post condition the parameters of the feature can be accessed as variables and the returned value can be accessed via a special variable called result Although the original OCL does not allow the renaming of selfin preconditions this implementation does allow it The names of the parameters must be uniqu
189. the metamodels where they are used The above requirement and limitations of UML made it necessary to develop three operators for use in combining metamodels together an equivalence operator an implementation inheritance operator and an interface inheritance operator Equivalence operator The equivalence operator is used to represent the full union between two UML class objects The two classes cease to be two separate classes but form a single class instead Thus the union includes all attributes and associations including generalization specialization and containment of each individual class Equivalence can be thought of as defining the join points or composition points of two or more source metamodels Implementation inheritance operator The semantics of UML specialization i e inheritance are straightforward specialized 1 e child classes contain all the attributes of the general parent class and can participate in any association the parent can participate in However during metamodel composition there are cases where finer grained control over the inheritance operation is necessary Therefore we have introduced two types of inheritance operations between class objects implementation inheritance and interface inheritance Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Metamodeling Environment e 51 In implementation inheritance the subclass inherits all of the base class attributes but only those con
190. the second will be evaluated if lt condition gt then lt expression gt else lt expression gt endif e g if mySet gt isEmpty then 0 else mySet gt size endif Iterators Although Iterator is a special feature defined by ocl Compound meta type it is discussed in this subsection because ocl Compound is defined by OCL and not by meta paradigms and because there is a special generic iterator called iterate Only ocl Collection and its descendant types have this feature An iterator can be considered to be a cycle which iterates over the elements of a compound object while it evaluates the expression obtained as an argument for each element and returns a value accumulated during the iteration Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 100 Iterators may have e A typed expression which will be evaluated for each element mandatory e A return type which is the type of the accumulated object mandatory It is not necessary for this type is to match the type of the argument e Declarators which are variables that refer to the current element of the iteration process optional e A declaration type which is simply an implicit type cast optional These are true only for predefined iterators discussed in a later section lt expression gt gt lt iteratorName gt lt declarator gt lt declarator gt lt declarat
191. tion Attributes are not typical of predefined types there is only one called size In OCL depending on the type of the elements a special feature can be applied to compound objects which looks like an attribute call This feature is a shortcut for the special usage of a predefined iterator collect It is introduced in OCL because of convenience We describe it with an example below These attributes exist if and only if the object contained by the compound object has them lt expression gt gt lt attributeName gt Assuming that there is a Set mySet which consists objects with type Person Person has an attribute called age The result is the same in both cases a Bag consisting integers age of persons mySet gt collect person Person person name mySet gt name In some circumstances attributes of the compound object and the contained object are ambiguous Then the decision is made i e which attribute is called depending on the member selection operator Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 103 Methods Methods are the most generic feature of a type A method may have arguments which are evaluated before calling the method on an object Arguments may be optional as in many programming languages Optional arguments can be followed only bt other optional arguments Arguments omitted in a call are considered to be undefined Methods are d
192. tion Dummy Constraint to XOR On derive m On change property sl On change association L Defauk A Parameters Pome ff we as Definition Project CircuitModel Property pages for a constraint Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Constraint Manager e 89 With the Add and the Remove buttons the user may add and remove constraints from the model In the model constraints cannot be either added or removed from the libriaries and the paradigm Constraint Definitions can be created only in the paradigm Modeler constraints can be specified similarly to a paradigm s constraints The context can be only kinds rather than types subtypes or instances The set of the objects can be restricted with the constraint enabling mechanism Enable and disable constraints Constraint Browser Constraints Kinds and Types Settings _ 4 RootFolder S Circuit MA meta Circuit Constraint_to_XOR meta Circuit Constraint_to_OR al NewCircuit OR 10 meta Circuit Constraint_to_XOR meta Circuit Constraint_to_OR OB or os meta Circuit Constraint_to_XOR MO meta Circuit Constraint_to_OR ij or Oe meta Circuit Constraint_to_XOR MO meta circuit Constraint_to_OR Oi xor me meta Circuit Constraint_to_XOR oo meta Circuit Constraint_to_OR 1 D oO E AND Load all Za I0 ES NOT 5 10_Gate Add SS Link SS Port_1O Check Cancel x Apply Enable constraints
193. tion in OCL At the moment it is used only to refer to types and meta types with strings Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as Type Its supertype is ocl Any Operators operator typel ocl Type type2 ocl Type ocl Boolean Returns true if type1 is equal to type2 operator lt gt typel ocl Type type2 ocl Type ocl Boolean Returns true if type1 is not equal to type2 Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 117 ocl Collection The type ocl Collection represents the supertype of ocl Set ocl Sequence and ocl Bag Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as Collection Its supertype is ocl Any Attributes ocl Collection size ocl Integer Returns the number of elements in the collection Methods There are methods which depend on the equality In these methods equality is used rather than identity Some methods return different types depending on the context For example if the user includes a real in a collection containing integers then the method returns a collection of real numbers because the common ascendant type of ocl Real and ocl Integer is ocl Real This effect comes from OCL 1 4 inconsistency In OCL 2 0 this aspect of collections is better defined ocl Collection isEmpty ocl Boolean Returns true if the collection does not contain any elements ocl Collection notEmpty ocl Bool
194. tionally a description to your DSN and specify the SQL server insance you want to connect to Press Next 4 Based on the server setup you should select Windows NT or SQL server authentication GME was tested primarily with SQL based Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix A Database Setup e 92 authetication Specify the username and password if SQL server authentication is selected Click Next 5 Ifat this point you cannot continue due to some error ask your SQL server administrator for help 6 Set the Default database to the database containing the project Proceed through the next few dialog boxes by accepting the default options Test the data source when given the choice and complete the setup of the DSN Preparing GME for multiuser access With multiuser access it is essential to use exactly the same paradigm on each client machine To achieve this an mta binary paradigm description file must be generated on one of the client machines and must be distributed to all clients 1 Start the GME application on one of the client machines 2 From the File menu select Register Paradigms 3 Click on Add from File and select the xmp file which contains the paradigm information The parser will generate a file with extension mta in the same directory where the xmp file resides 4 Distribute copy the generated mta file to all client machines On the client machines register the distributed paradigm file using
195. to the Connection Then the value of that Attribute will be displayed in the second position at the end of the source of the connection Contained in Connection 1 destination label String value that gives the name of the Attribute class to be displayed there The Attribute should also belong through aggregation to the Connection Then the value of that Attribute will be displayed in the first position at the end of the destination of the connection Contained in Connection 2 destination label String value that gives the name of the Attribute class to be displayed there The Attribute should also belong through aggregation to the Connection Then the value of that Attribute will be displayed in the second position at the end of the destination of the connection Contained in Connection Abstract Boolean checkbox that determines whether or not the FCO in question will actually be generated in the output paradigm Ifthe checkbox is checked then no object will be created but all properties of the FCO will be passed down to its inherited children if any Default value Unchecked Contained in FCO Atom Model Set Connection Reference Author information A text field translated into a comment within the paradigm output file Contained in Paradigm Cardinality Text field that gives the cardinality rules of containment for an aggregation Default value 0 Contained in Containment Fold
196. type of this fco gme FCO baseType gme FCO Returns the base type of this fco Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Appendix B OCL and GME e 128 gme FCO isType ocl Boolean Returns true if the fco is a type gme FCO isInstance ocl Boolean Returns true if the fco is not a type which case 1t would be an instance gme FCO folder gme Folder Returns the closest folder which contains this fco recursively over models gme FCO referencedBy kind ocl String ocl Set gme Reference D gme FCO referencedBy kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Reference Returns a set of references which refer to this fco If kind is specified then only those references whose kind is kind will be returned If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Reference then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned gme FCO memberOfSets kind ocl String ocl Set gme Set D gme FCO memberOfSets kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Set Returns a set of sets of GME that contains this fco If kind is specified then only those sets of GME whose kind is kind will be returned If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Set then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned gme Connection The meta kind gme Connection corresponds to the well known UML meta type called Association Class Aliases Super Meta Type
197. uence an exception is thrown and the result is undefined ocl Sequence indexOf any ocl Any ocl Integer Returns the first position of the sequence where any is found If there is no element which equals to any then return 1 ocl Sequence subSequence lower ocl Integer upper ocl Integer ocl Sequence Returns the sub sequence of the sequence starting at position lower up to position upper if upper is specified otherwise up to the end of the sequence The first position is 0 Returns undefined and an exception is thrown if lower is less than 0 lower greater than upper or if lower or upper are equal to or greater than the size of the sequence ocl Sequence including any ocl Any ocl Sequence Returns a sequence containing any the position of insertion is indefinite ocl Sequence excluding any ocl Any ocl Sequence Returns a sequence which does not contain any objects which are equal to any Iterators ocl Sequence select boolExpr ocl Boolean ocl Sequence Returns a sequence containing all elements for which boolExpr evaluated to true ocl Sequence reject boolExpr ocl Boolean ocl Sequence Returns a sequence containing all elements for which boolExpr evaluated to false ocl Sequence collect anyExpr ocl Any ocl Sequence Returns a sequence containing elements which are returned by anyExpr applied to each el
198. undone and redone These operations are project based not model window based The Browser Editor and interpreters share the same undo redo queue Clear Undo Queue Models that can be potentially involved in an undo redo operation are locked in the database in case of a database backend as opposed to the binary file format so that no other user can have write access to them This command empties the undo queue and clears the locks on object that are otherwise not open in the current GME 3 instance Project Properties This command displays a dialog box that makes it possible to edit view the properties of the current project These properties include its name author creation and last modification date and time and notes The creation and modification time stamps are read only and are automatically set by GME 3 Items available only when a model Editor window is open Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Show Parent Active when the current model is contained inside another model Selecting this option opens the parent model in a new editing window Show Basetype Active when the current model is a type model but not an archetype i e it is not a root node in the type inheritance hierarchy This command opens the base type model of the current model in an editing window Show Type Active when the current model is an instance model This command opens the type model of the current model in an editing window Copy Past
199. vironment User s Manual Decorators e 42 HRESULT GetPreferredSize out long sizex out long sizey Your decorator can give GME a hint about the size of the object to be drawn You can compute this information based on the inner structure of the object or based on a bitmap size or even you can read these values from the registry of the object However GME may not take this information into account when it calls your SetLocation method All the size and location parameters are in logical units HRESULT GetPorts out retval IMgaFCOs portFCOs If your decorator supports ports it should give back a collection of MGA objects that are drawn as ports inside the decorator GME uses this method along with successive calls on GetPortLocation to figure out where can it find port objects HRESULT SetLocation in long sx in long sy in long ex in long ey You have to draw your object exactly to this position in this size There is no exemption to this GME always calls this method before Draw HRESULT GetPortLocation in IMgaFCO fco out long sx out long sy out long ex out long ey See description of GetPorts Position coordinates are relative to the parent object HRESULT GetLabelLocation out long sx out long sy out long ex out long ey If you support label drawing you have to specify the location of the textbox of your label This can reside outside of the object GME will call SetLocation
200. where on the connection CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture COTS Commercial off the shelf software DSME Domain Specific MIPS Environment GME See Generic Model Environment GOTS Government off the shelf software Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Glossary of Terms e 135 Generic Modeling Environment A configurable multi aspect graphical modeling environment used in the MultiGraph Architecture interpreters See Model interpreters Link See Link parts Link parts Atomic parts contained within a model that are visible and can participate in connections when the container model appears inside other models MCL MGA constraint language A subset of OCL with MGA specific additions Metamodel A model that contains the specifications of a domain specific MIPS environment DSME Metamodels contain syntactic semantic and presentation specifications of the target DSME metamodeling environment A domain specific MIPS environment DSME configured to allow the specification and synthesis of other DSMEs MGA See MultiGraph Architecture MGK MultiGraph Kernel Middleware designed to support real time MultiGraph execution environments MIC Model Integrated Computing MIPS Model Integrated Program Synthesis Model interpreters High level code associated with a given modeling paradigm used to translate information found in the graphical models into forms executable code dat
201. wser window is dockable it can float as an independent window or it can be docked to any side of the GME 3 Main window The Attribute Browser Attributes and Preferences are available in a modeless dialog box called the Attribute Browser Since there is no OK button changes are updated immediately More precisely changes to toggle buttons combo boxes i e menus and color Generic Modeling Environment User s Manual Using GME 3 e 18 pickers are immediate Changes to single line edit boxes are updated when either Enter is hit on the keyboard or the edit box loses the input focus i e you click outside the box The only difference for multiline edit boxes is that they use the Enter key for new line insertion so hitting it does not updated the value The object selection for the attribute browser works as follows The context menu access to Attributes and Preferences now even from the Model Browser works Furthermore simply selecting an object or inserting dropping or pasting it selects that object for the Attribute browser If more then one object is selected in the Model Browser or in the Model Editor the attribute browser will allow only the common attributes of these objects At the top of the dialog there are three tabs one for the attributes one for the preferences and another for the properties Note that the Attribute Browser window just like the Model Browser window is dockable it can float as an independent win

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