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TCAS II / ACAS II
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1. 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 61 62 ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual SECTION 4 System Considerations Warnings and Limitations Los edet JNA cA AS te n des e RAS S M cles 64 CAOS A ed rS Lk weed 67 NOSES eit E ate tede deed ro C et ees dete e Een 68 ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 63 WARNINGS AND LIMITATIONS 64 Warnings and Limitations specific to Change 7 0 or Change 6 04a are identified as such The capability of TCAS II is dependent upon the type of transponder in the intruding aircraft The intruding aircraft must be equipped with a properly operating transponder for normal TCAS operation TCAS is unable to detect any aircraft without an operating transponder If the intruder is Non Altitude Reporting NAR TCAS will display only the range and bearing It can issue a Traffic Advisory based on distance and direction of flight but will not generate a Resolution Advisory TCAS assumes Non Altitude Reporting NAR traffic is at the same altitude as your own aircraft TCAS does not display NAR traffic above 14 500 feet A TCAS II Resolution Advisory is based on the expec tation that the crew will comply within 5 seconds Any modification to the initial RA including an increase or reversal to an RA requires two and one half seconds reacti
2. ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual TCAS II The TCAS II system monitors the airspace surround OPERATION ing your aircraft by interrogating the transponder of intruding aircraft The interrogation reply enables TCAS II to compute the following information about the intruder 1 Range between your aircraft and the intruder 2 Relative bearing to the intruder 3 Altitude and vertical speed of the intruder if reporting altitude 4 Closing rate between the intruder and your aircraft Using this data TCAS II predicts the time to and the separation at the intruders closest point of approach CPA Should TCAS II predict that certain safe boundaries may be violated it will issue a Traffic Advisory TA to alert the crew that closing traffic is in the vicinity If the intruder continues to close TCAS II will issue a Resolution Advisory RA to obtain or maintain safe vertical separation between your aircraft and the intruder TCAS II bases the alarms on a five second crew reaction time to begin the separation maneuver Increase or reversal of an RA requires a reaction in two and one half seconds ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 7 TYPICAL TCAS II ENCOUNTER Two TCAS II equipped aircraft will coordinate their resolution advisories using a Mode S transponder air to air data link The coordination ensures that com plementary advisories are iss
3. AGL while ascending Change 7 0 All Resolution Advisories are inhibited below 900 feet descending or 1100 feet ascending All TCAS II audio warnings are inhibited below 900 feet Radio Altitude on approach and up to 1100 feet Radio Altitude on departure Change 6 042 All TCAS II audio warnings are inhibited below 400 feet Radio Altitude on approach and up to 600 feet Radio Altitude on departure Change 7 0 Maneuvers based solely on the TCAS Traffic Display are prohibited by the AFM RAs should be followed without the autopilot or autothrottle system engaged TCAS II tracking range can be severely limited in high traffic areas This is especially true of high traffic areas with a high density of TCAS equipped aircraft such as terminal areas and while on the ground While on the ground range may be reduced to below 5 miles After takeoff range will increase but may still be limited to under 10 miles This tracking range limiting is required in order to com ply with FAA regulations to ensure that TCAS II will not interfere with ATC ground station tracking This should not be interpreted as a system malfunction The RDR 1E ED and RDR 1F radar transmitters are con trolled from a separate Radar Control Panel When 5 or 10 mile NO WXR range is selected on the PPI 1U the transmitter continues to radiate if an active mode any mode except TEST is selected on the Radar Control ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System
4. Range Border Off Scale Traffic 2 Mile Range Ring Range Pushbuttons The following are range selec tion possibilities and are con figured during installation 3 5 10 and 15 NM 3 5 10 20 and 40 NM 5 10 20 and 40 NM 3 5 10 20 and 40 NM Not all unit versions support all listed range selections 57 Command Arc CONFIGURED FOR TA SELECT CONFIGURED FOR SWITCHABLE 58 Versions of the IVA 81A IVA 81D which have a TA Select pushbutton TA SEL on the bezel can be con figured to operate in either the TRAFFIC SELECT mode or the SWITCHABLE mode The following are descriptions of each mode of operation When no T A or RA traffic is present the IVA 81A IVA 81D operates in the Vertical Speed Indicator mode only with no TCAS Traffic Display overlay Pressing TA Select will have no effect when no TA or RA traffic is in the area When a TA or RA intruder is detected the unit automatically changes to the Traffic Display mode with a Vertical Speed Indicator overlay With an intruder present pressing TA Select will revert the display back to VSI mode only The unit automatically reverts back to the Vertical Speed Indicator mode when threat traffic is no longer present The presence of a new TA or RA intruder will initiate a repeat of this cycle of operation TheIVA 81A IVA 81D operates in either the Traffic Display mode or the Vertical Speed indicator mode regardless of whether there is threat
5. Operational Performance Standards per RTCA document DO 185 TCAS II Change 6 04a is specified by DO 185 TCAS II Change 7 0 is specified by DO 185A Non Altitude Reporting traffic An aircraft that has entered the TCAS surveillance volume at a greater dis tance than 6 miles or altitude greater than 1200 feet above or below your own Indicated altitude when barometric pressure is set to 29 92 Hg 1013 15 mb Pressure altitude is used by TCAS to determine the relative altitude of traffic An aircraft that is within 6 miles range and with 1200 feet above or below our own aircraft but does not meet the TCAS definition of a threat Radio Altitude Altitude received from a radio altimeter and used by TCAS to determine distance to the surface See Absolute Altitude Resolution Advisory An audio and visu al indication recommending a vertical maneuver to achieve or maintain sepa ration from an intruding aircraft Resolution Advisory Vertical Speed Indicator A flight instrument that gives standard VSI indication plus RA climb and descend reguirements ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual Relative Altitude Reversal Maneuver Self Test Surveillance Volume TA TA VSI ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual The difference in altitude between two aircraft TCAS calculates relative altitude as the difference between your own air craft s pressure altit
6. S TCAS CONTROL UNIT CTA 81C SINGLE MODE S TCAS CONTROL UNIT CTA 81A SHOWN FUH Ha Dice LR FAL ATITUDE aELECTIN HD ZU LIF Lc E LEE A nn Selita pew ie A Ex a TES GE P EU T3 CTA 81B MODE S ATCRBS TCAS CONTROL UNIT aE HELE ToS MET EEELM Flla T LAEL aELEuTdk P E TTAHI The CTA 81 Control Unit is the master control for both the TCAS system and transponder The CTA 81A controls two Mode S transponders The CTA 81B controls one Mode S transponder and one ATCRBS transponder The CTA 81C controls one Mode S transponder NOTE Controls vary depending on CTA 81 con figuration installed Control functions same as typical unit shown ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual OO M O En O mer Pushbutton Q 3 ETE Q 4 ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual The Display Window Displays ATC code selection and whether transponder No 1 or No 2 is active The R blinks indicat ing interrogation reply of ATCRBS transponder only ATC 1 2 selects the active transponder The other unit is placed in standby ALT ON OFF turns altitude source ON or OFF Concentric knobs select ATC code in code window The ATC FAIL Lamp indicates failure of the selected transponder ATC IDENT initiates IDENT feature for ATC ALT 1 2 CTA 81A or ALTSOURCE 1 OFF 2 CTA
7. User s Manual CAUTIONS Panel Refer to the appropriate Weather Radar Operating Manual for Cautions and Limitations as pre scribed by FAA Advisory Circular 20 68B Always attempt to visually clear the airspace before maneuvering your aircraft in response to a TCAS advi sory Do not over react to a Resolution Advisory Fly only the vertical speed commanded Using higher vertical speeds than that shown on the RA VSI is NOT better Be alert and comply with modified or weakening RAs annunciated by Adjust Vertical Speed Adjust for Change 7 0 or Monitor Vertical Speed for Change 6 042 to minimize your displace ment from your ATC clearance The TCAS installation is required to be wired to give GPWS and Wind Shear higher priority than TCAS In case of simultaneous audio alarms the TCAS II system is placed in TA ONLY mode aural annunciations are inhibited and the TA VSI and RA VSI flag will show RA OFF ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 67 NOTES 68 When TCAS commands a corrective Resolution Advisory sufficient time exists to perform a smooth vertical maneuver to avoid the conflict TCAS II expects five second crew reaction time to initial RAs requiring approximately 25 G A change to the initial RA including an increase or reversal requires two and one half seconds reaction time and up to 35 G It is possible to see an aircraft flying the same course and direction as your own aircraft and
8. solely on the TCAS II display it ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 11 RESOLUTION ADVISORY RA 12 A solid red square indicates that the intruding aircraft is projected to be a collision threat TCAS II calculates that the intruder has reached the point where a Resolution Advisory is necessary The time to closest approach with the intruder is now between 15 and 35 seconds depending on your altitude the symbol appears together with an appropriate audio warning and a vertical maneuver indication on the RA VSI Voice announcements are listed later in this section This aircraft is now 600 feet below your altitude and still climbing A synthesized voice announces a verti cal maneuver command such as Climb Climb Climb Change 6 04a or Climb Climb Change 7 0 The pilot should smoothly but firmly initiate any required vertical maneuver within 5 seconds from the time the RA is posted using pitch cues or the Vertical Speed Indicator as appropriate An intruder must be reporting altitude in order to gen mt ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual erate an RA Therefore the RA symbol will always have an altitude tag The presence of TA or RA aircraft that are beyond the OFF SCALE selected display range is indicated by one half of the TRAFFIC traffic symbol at the edge of the screen The position of the half
9. the displays TCAS II provides appro priate synthesized voice announcements A complete list of symbols and announcements is given in the Operation section of this User s Manual ATC procedures and the see and avoid concept will continue to be the primary means of ensuring aircraft separation However if communication is lost with ATC TCAS II adds a significant backup for collision avoidance ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual SECTION 2 Operation TGAS IL Operation 1240580004 E Seld vete an bere A dann be Ped 7 TCAS II Traffic Display Symbols loss ee 9 Off Scale Trafi 4424s piae ag ir eR DOO IQ ES D Aq bae 13 The RA VSI Instrument 14 The TA VSIEInstr ttieht dr xm ad Rec RD 15 How To Fly Typical TCAS II Commands Change oi 15 How To Fly Typical TCAS II Commands Change 7 0 24 Audio Announcements Change Ga 34 Audio Announcements Change 70 36 ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual The TCAS II System Is compatible with and independent of the ATC System Determines if a threat exists Provides display and audio announcement to the crew Position information displayed on CRT and or TA VSI Vertical guidance displayed on VSI Synthesized voice Calculates appropriate vertical evasive maneuver Coordinates maneuvers of two or more TCAS II equipped aircraft via Mode S transponder communi cation between aircraft
10. traffic present The display formats are selected manually by press ing TA Select When a TA or RA intruder is detected and if the display format has not been previously manually selected the unit automatically changes to the Traffic Display mode with a Vertical Speed Indicator overlay Again pressing TA Select will alter nate between the two formats The unit will not auto matically revert back to the Vertical Speed only mode when threat traffic is no longer present The presence of a new TA or RA intruder will initiate a repeat of this cycle of operation if the display format was Vertical Speed only format ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual DISPLAY MESSAGE LOCATIONS TCAS Mode Failure Standard TCAS STBY Blue TA RA Blank TEST Yellow TAONLY Blue TCAS Yellow ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 EM sith alt Liv Wh 6a EL Tus rati lo DST 104 Mode Flur Bt Sak I i Na Eac Ind Maosaeas RAIS A TREND JARIN bai 14 281 al Az ARTIN Y lem Eat 1 2 NM FEV ILI EIL Calo AEN A ai WE Fava SFr ah ALI UD ELSJ9KI NG INTUYE T47 ALT TU AN IRAU AKKSIVU Lh H VS la Valew Optional NO TCAS Blue TCAS system in standby TA RA Blank TEST Yellow TA ONLY Blue Yellow when active TA NO TCAS Yellow TCAS system failure Display Message Locations Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 59 60 TYPICAL TA VSI SCENARIOS ACS 5059 Rev 5
11. weather radar indicators is about 5 seconds During the first few seconds of the test sequence the control panel the ITA 81A Dedicated Traffic Display the radar indicators the TA VSLand the RA VSI exe cute a display test A test pattern appearing on the dedicated display the radar PPI and the TA VSI allow verification of each type of intruder symbol The test generates the sym bols arranged as shown The Traffic Advisory Display annunciates the word TEST If the weather radar is in the TEST function this pattern appears over the PPI test pattern If in a weather function this test appears over weather Use of the self test function in flight will inhibit TCAS II and transponder operation for up to 12 seconds For this reason the pilot should use caution when initiating the test in flight NOTE Some installations may inhibit the activation of TCAS self test in flight However TCAS will be placed in STBY while the Transponder is in self test for approximately 5 sec During the TCAS self test operation aircraft pressure alti tude aircraft Mode S Address and aircraft maximum air speed capability are not monitored However these transponder inputs are always monitored and faults report ed while the TCAS is in one of its active modes 7A Only or TA RA Altitude Input to the selected transponder is monitored by the transponder but will not display a fault message when selecting transponder modes ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collisi
12. 0 feet below Change 6 04a NORMAL Enroute phase 2700 feet above 2700 feet below BELOW Descent phase 2700 feet above 9000 feet below Change 7 0 2700 feet above 8700 feet below Change 6 04a Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 49 50 A UL HS O The Function Selector turns on the The Weather modes WX TURB and MAP show the display ori gin at the bottom center of the screen The weather and TCAS views are forward The display shows radar functions with TCAS overlay depending on the selection by the TCASAUTO pushbutton At Power Up the screen initially displays the WX TCAS overlay mode Mode annunciation is the TCAS operational mode Pushbutton Ox Pressing the button changes the mode to TCAS Pop Up which displays WX only until a TA or RA intruder appears Annunciation changes to TA AUTO or TA RA AUTO When TA RA traffic enters the protect ed area all TCAS traffic is shown over weather When the intruder is no longer a threat the screen automatically reverts back to displaying weather only Pressing the button once more changes the display back to WX TCAS overlay mode weather radar system and selects oper ating mode either a TCAS mode or a Weather mode In the TCAS position TCAS ONLY function is selected No Weather is displayed The airplane sym bol appears in the lower 1 3 of the screen displaying traffic ahead of and behind your air cr
13. 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual INDICATIONS AND VOICE ANNOUNCE MENTS Clear of Conflict CHANGE 6 04A COMMENTS Situation The intruder has passed behind and is now 600 feet below your altitude It is no longer a threat Crew Response Return promptly to the previous ATC clearance ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 23 How TO FLY TYPICAL TCAS Il COMMANDS CHANGE 7 0 24 The Resolution Advisory is incorporated into the Vertical Speed Indicator By illuminating green and red light bands around the dial Fly To and Fly Away From commands are displayed coinciding with the vertical rate reguired to comply with the Resolution Advisory Maneuver the aircraft promptly and smoothly in response to the Resolution Advisory Some of the typical Resolution Advisories shown on the RA VSI will reguire a maneuver by the crew while others will warn against maneuvering A typical TCAS II maneuver reguires crew response to the ini tial RA within 5 seconds and G forces of 25 G This force is similar to that experienced when initiating an enroute climb or descent Because of this G force reguirement the response to the RA cannot be flown using the autopilot The autopilot must be disconnect ed prior to responding to the RA When the initial RA is changed the crew must respond within 2 1 2 sec onds The following diagrams illustrate typical TCAS II encounters
14. 81B selects one of two altitude sources Air Data Computer No 1 or No 2 OFF position disables alti tude squawk 41 42 x A S Pushbutton EL 33 ES The TCAS RANGE Selector selects the Traffic Advisory display range in nautical miles The FL pushbutton Center of TCAS Range Knob replaces intruder s relative altitude with absolute altitude in flight level format for 15 seconds During this period your own altitude expressed as flight level is displayed After 15 seconds flight level reverts back to relative alti tude The FL function is inhibited below 18 000 feet MSL unless barometric cor rected altitude is available from an air data computer In this case the FL func tion is available at any altitude If FL is selected while inhibited FL will replace own flight level A B Above Below toggle switch selects altitude display limits Three lev els to choose from ABOVE Climb phase 9000 feet above 2700 feet below Change 7 0 8700 feet above 2700 feet below Change 6 04a NORMAL Enroute phase 2700 feet above 2700 feet below BELOW Descent phase 2700 feet above 9000 feet below Change 7 0 2700 feet above 8700 feet below Change 6 04a ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual FUNCTION SELECTOR CTA 81A C CONTROL UNIT ONLY SELECTS OPERATING MODE Moving the spring loaded knob to TEST position for one second initi
15. AINTAIN EXISTING VERTICAL Maintain Vertical Speed SPEED WHILE CROSSING Crossing Maintain THREAT S ALTITUDE The following Resolution Advisories are changes from those previously issued and require two and one half seconds response time and up to 35 G CHANGE FROM CLIMB TO Descend Descend NOW DESCENT Descend Descend NOW CHANGE FROM DESCENT TO Climb Climb NOW CLIMB Climb Climb NOW INCREASE CLIMB RATE Increase Climb Increase Climb INCREASE Increase Descent DESCENT RATE Increase Descent ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 37 38 ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual SECTION 3 Controls and Displays Transponder TCAS Control Unit CTA 81A CTA 81B CTA 81C 40 Weather Radar Indicators RDR 4 RDR 1ERDR 1E 45 Weather Modes Message Format 51 TCAS Mode Message Format 52 Fault Message Format 53 Fault Annunciations 53 ITA 81A Dedicated TCASTraffic Display 54 IVA 81B RA VSI Resolution Advisory Vertical Speed Indicator 56 IVA 81A IVA 81D TA VSI Traffic Advisory Vertical Speed Indicator 57 Typical TA VSI Scenarios 0 0 eh 60 ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 39 TRANSPONDER TCAS CONTROL UNIT CTA 81A CTA 81B CTA 81C CTA 81A CTA 81B CTA 81C CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS 40 CTA 81A DUAL MODE
16. Honeywell 15001 N E 36th Street P O Box 97001 Redmond Washington USA 98073 9701 Telephone 425 885 3711 FAX 425 885 2061 ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Honeywell O Honeywell Printed in USA 10K Printed on recycled paper Honeywell TCAS II ACAS II Collision Avoidance System User s Manual ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual The information contained in this manual is for reference use only If any information contained herein conflicts with similar informa tion contained in the Airplane Flight Manual the information in the Airplane Flight Manual shall take precedence TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 Introduction ee 3 Section 2 Operation ve qiue mee CLER XA STE FRI EN Se A d 5 Section 3 Controls amp Displays lees 39 Section 4 System Considerations sossun 63 Section 5 ppendix escri ibas dasa wigs taste te 69 ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual E xl 5 g g ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 2 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual SECTION 1 Introduction ScoPE This manual applies to systems which are compliant to RTCA DO185A MOPS Change 7 0 and RICA DO 185 MOPS Change 6 04a These systems are referred to as TCAS II Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System in the United States and ACAS II Airborne Collision Avoidance System internationally The termi nology is used interch
17. MTL DIE Hr FEED NR AR HJI ZI ZLTES at St KW ao SEHE LF HFT H Lol La cC kT SE TER Made Armel let Ores Eia TCAS STBY Blue TCAS system in standby TEST Blue TCAS system in TEST TA RA Blue TA RA Mode TA RA AUTO Blue TA RA Pop Up Mode TA ONLY Blue TA Only Mode TA AUTO Blue TA Only Pop Up Mode TD FAIL Yellow Indicator Failure ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 52 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual FAULT MESSAGE FORMAT FAULT ANNUNCIA TIONS TCAS PROCESSOR UPPER ANTENNA LOWER ANTENNA RADIO ALT 1 RADIO ALT 2 RADIO ALT 1 and 2 1 XPNDR DATA BUS 2 XPNDR DATA BUS TRAFFIC DISPLAY RA DISPLAY 1 RA DISPLAY 2 RA DISPLAY 1 and 2 SELECTED XPNDR XPNDR TOP ANT XPNDR LOWER ANT XPNDR TCAS DATA XPNDR CONTROL DATA XPNDR ALT DATA 1 and 2 1 XPNDR ALT DATA 2 XPNDR ALT DATA ATTITUDE HEADING NOTE If a fault occurs while in the WX function TCAS FAIL annunciated switch to the TCAS func tion for a list of faults If already in the TCAS function faults come up auto matically ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 53 ITA 81A DEDICATED TCAS TRAFFIC DISPLAY 54 PANGE SEL ENS Tec Ta 3316 TACSS PUSKRUTTMN Sm TE LEVL No MAL FJSLELT TIS NS ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual ITA 81A DEDICATED TCAS TRAFFIC DISPLAY CONTROLS sa
18. N A DESCENT TO Climb Climb NOW CLIMB INCREASE Increase Climb N A CLIMB RATE Increase Climb INCREASE Increase Descent N A CLIMB RATE Increase Descent ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 35 AUDIO Synthesized voice announcements are issued by TCAS ANNOUNCE II over the aircraft audio system The following tables MENTS list all of the Resolution Advisories audio messages CHANGE 7 0 and advisories in the TCAS II vocabulary AUDIO MESSAGES TRAFFIC ADVISORY Traffic Traffic 7 0 DUNS RA CLEARED Clear of Conflict SELF TEST PASSED TCAS System Test OK SELF TEST FAILED TCAS System Test Fail Traffic is spoken once if a second TA appears ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 36 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual RESOLUTION ADVISORIES AND SYNTHESIZED VOICE ANNOUNCE MENTS CHANGE 7 0 LIST OF RESOLUTION ADVISORIES CHANGE 7 0 Climb Climb DESCENT Descend Descend CROSSOVER Climb Crossing Climb CLIMB Climb Crossing Climb CROSSOVER Descend Crossing Descend DESCENT Descend Crossing Descend VERTICAL SPEED RESTRICTED Adjust Vertical Speed Adjust CLIMBING OR DESCENDING ANY WEAKENING OR Adjust Vertical Speed SOFTENING OF AN RA PREVENTATIVE ADVISORY Monitor Vertical Speed MAINTAIN EXISTING Maintain Vertical Speed VERTICAL SPEED Maintain M
19. RA CLEARED Clear of Conflict SELF TEST PASSED TCAS System Test OK SELF TEST FAILED TCAS System Test Fail Traffic is spoken once if a second TA appears ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual RESOLUTION ADVISORIES AND SYNTHESIZED VOICE ANNOUNCE MENTS CHANGE 6 04A LIST OF RESOLUTION ADVISORIES CHANGE 6 04A Climb Climb Monitor Vertical Climb Speed Monitor Vertical Speed DESCENT Descend Descend Monitor Vertical Descend Speed Monitor Vertical Speed CROSSOVER Climb Crossing Monitor Vertical CLIMB Climb Climb Speed Monitor Crossing Climb Vertical Speed CROSSOVER Descend Crossing Monitor Vertical DECENT Descend Descend Speed Monitor Crossing Descend Vertical Speed VERTICAL SPEED Reduce Climb Monitor Vertical RESTRICTED Reduce Climb Speed Monitor CLIMBING Vertical Speed VERTICAL SPPED Reduce Descent Monitor Vertical RESTRICTED Reduce Descent Speed Monitor DESCENDING Vertical Speed Monitor Vertical Speed is spoken once if downgrad ed froma previous corrective advisory The following Resolution Advisories are changes from those previously issued and require two and one half seconds response time and up to 35 G CHANGE FROM Descend Descend N A CLIMB TO NOW Descend DESCENT Descend NOW CHANGE FROM Climb Climb NOW
20. aft At Power Up the screen initially displays all TCAS traffic only Mode annunciation is the TCAS operational mode Pressing the button once changes to TCAS Pop Up mode TCAS AUTO is annunciated In Pop Up mode the screen clears and remains blank until TA or RA traffic appears Then all TCAS traffic is displayed The screen automatically clears when the intruder is no longer a threat Pressing the button once more changes the display back to Full Time display of all traffic ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual WEATHER MODES MESSAGE FORMAT EX ales cd UNT sss v IUE danita da bk ET EA m H cm AEHT CT AN TCAS STBY TEST TA RA TA RA AUTO TA ONLY TA AUTO TD FAIL NO TCAS TCAS FAIL ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual Blue Blue Blue Blue Blue Blue Yellow Blue Yellow TCAS system in standby TCAS system in TEST TA RA Mode TA RA Pop Up Mode TA Only Mode TA Only Pop Up Mode Indicator Failure TCAS not operational Place Function Selector to TCAS for a list of faults Failures include TCAS Processor or Top or Bottom TCAS Ant enna Place Function Selector to TCAS for a list of faults 51 TCAS MODE MESSAGE FORMAT Pinal Mu kirch EL 20 ei E En SCH xd us ALL HL L vd n 2 ai Teid FR UNC VE 28 Hate FA Fo AH LIII oe REPCE Wi HT TIE
21. angeably and for the purpose of discussion TCAS II will be the terminology used in this manual WHAT IS THE TCAS II is a system used for detecting and tracking TCAS Il aircraft in the vicinity of your own aircraft By interro SYSTEM gating their transponders it analyzes the replies to determine range bearing and if reporting altitude the relative altitude of the intruder Should the TCAS II processor determine that a possible collision hazard exists it issues visual and audio advisories to the crew for appropriate vertical avoidance maneuvers TCAS is unable to detect any intruding aircraft without an operating transponder There are two types of cockpit displays for TCAS II the Resolution Advisory RA display and the Traffic Advisory TA display The RA display is incorporated into the vertical speed indicator VSD By illuminating red and green areas around the dial it displays the required rate or limitation of climb or descent to avoid a possible collision The TA display shows the intruding aircraft s relative position and altitude with a trend arrow to indicate if it is climbing or descending at greater than 500 feet per minute This TA display may be provided on the weather radar indicator on a dedicated TCAS display or a TA VSI display The TA display identifies the relative threat of each intruder by using various symbols and colors ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 3 Complementing
22. ates a comprehensive self test lasting approximately twelve seconds Refer to the Test sec tion in the Appendix for a detailed description of test functions SIT Orr Al 2 UI T TERT TARA STBY places Mode S transponder and TCAS system in standby ALT OFF activates transponder without altitude reporting TCAS system in standby ALT ON activates transponder with altitude report ing TCAS system in standby TA Traffic Advisory mode Presents traffic location on TA display but does not issue Resolution Advisories TA mode annunciation appears on displays Activates transponder and altitude reporting TA RA Traffic Advisory and Resolution Advisory mode Presents traffic location on displays and issues audio and visual Resolution Advisories for traffic determined to be a threat TA RA mode annunciation appears on PPI or ITA 81A displays Activates transponder and altitude reporting ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 43 FUNCTION SELECTOR CTA 81B CONTROL UNIT ONLY SELECTS OPERATING MODE 44 There are no TCAS functions on the ATC 2 3 most clockwise positions The left ATC 1 TEST position CCW tests the Mode S transponder and the TCAS system The right ATC 2 TEST position CW tests the ATCRBS transponder CCATAR gt b a DE Or Moving the spring loaded knob to either TEST posi tion initiates a self test in the respective unit Refer to the Test section in the Appen
23. ation The intruder is ahead at 12 00 o clock 500 feet below your altitude and flying level Crew Response Do not descend Maintain level flight ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 28 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual INDICATIONS Traffic Traffic AND VOICE a ANNOUNCE MENTS CHANGE 7 0 COMMENTS Situation The intruder is ahead at 12 00 o clock beyond 5 miles 200 feet below your altitude Crew Response You do not maneuver on the Traffic Advisory symbol Attempt to visually acguire the intruder and be pre pared to maneuver if the TA changes to an RA ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 29 INDICATIONS Maintain Vertical Speed AND VOICE ANNOUNCE Crossing Maintain MENTS CHANGE 7 0 COMMENTS Situation The intruder is ahead at 12 00 o clock 400 feet above your altitude and flying level You are already climb ing at 2000 feet per minute Crew Response Maintain climb at present rate ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 30 INDICATIONS AND VOICE ANNOUNCE MENTS Descend Descend CHANGE 7 0 COMMENTS Situation One intruder is ahead at 12 00 o clock 200 feet above your altitude and flying level Crew Response Promptly and smoothly establish a descent rate of 1500 feet per minute ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 31 INDICATIONS Climb Clim
24. b Now AND VOICE ANNOUNCE Climb Climb Now MENTS CHANGE 7 O COMMENTS Situation The intruder is ahead and above and has changed from level flight to a rapid descent after TCAS issued a descend RA TCAS is now changing that to a climb Crew Response You are expected to initiate the change from a descent to a climb maneuver within 2 5 seconds using an acceleration of 35 Gs ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 32 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual INDICATIONS Clear of Conflict AND VOICE ANNOUNCE MENTS CHANGE 7 0 COMMENTS Situation The intruder has passed behind and is now 600 feet below your altitude It is no longer a threat Crew Response Return promptly to the previous ATC clearance ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 33 RECOVERY AFTER CLEAR OF CONFLICT AUDIO ANNOUNCE MENTS CHANGE 6 04A AUDIO MESSAGES CHANGE 6 04A 34 If initially in level flight promptly but smoothly return to the previously assigned altitude unless otherwise directed by ATC If climbing or descending resume the planned climb or descent after the intruder has passed by unless otherwise directed by ATC Synthesized voice announcements are issued by TCAS II over the aircraft audio system The following tables list all of the Resolution Advisories audio messages and advisories in the TCAS II vocabulary TRAFFIC ADVISORY Traffic Traffic
25. be in close proximity to your aircraft yet TCAS II may not consid er it a threat TCAS II calculates the closure rate of the intruder and derives the time to the closest point of approach CPA If there is no closure rate no adviso ry will be issued unless the intruder is very close within approximately 1 4 mile Conversely traffic at the same altitude very far ahead may be shown as an RA by TCAS because of a very rapid closure rate ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual SECTION 5 Appendix Functional and Automatic Self Test 70 RA VSI Flags and Test Indicators 72 RA VSI and TA VSI Lamp Tests 73 Failure Conditions 75 Post Hight Repotts oui S eR REESE CHR de E e 75 Glossary of TCAS Terms llle 76 ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 69 FUNCTIONAL AND AUTOMATIC SELF TEST 70 The Mode S transponder and TCAS Functional Test determines the operational status of the entire sys tem The test is initiated by rotating the function selector knob on the Transponder Control Panel to the counter clockwise TEST position for one second Thereafter the test continues automatically for a peri od of approximately twelve seconds During the test the TCAS II and transponder function is inhibited When the knob is held for longer than twelve sec onds the system remains in test until it is released If the weather radar indicator is OFE warm up time for the
26. be vis ible at the same time a limit climb rate indication appears because of threat aircraft above and below your own aircraft ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual THE TA VSI INSTRUMENT How TO FLY TYPICAL TCAS II COMMANDS CHANGE 6 04A The TA VSI combines the plan position of intruding aircraft and TCAS II guidance on the vertical speed instrument A pointer and circular vertical speed scale indicate aircraft vertical rate Resolution Advisories are shown as red and green bands outside of the scale The cen ter of the display presents intruding traffic Refer to Section 3 for a detailed description of the TA VSI The Resolution Advisory is incorporated into the Vertical Speed Indicator By illuminating red and green light bands around the dial Fly To and Fly Awam From commande are displayed coinciding with the required vertical rate Maneuver the aircraft promptly and smoothly in response to the Resolution Advisory Some of the typical Resolution Advisories shown on the RA VSI will require a maneuver by the crew while others will warn against maneuvering A typical TCAS II maneuver requires crew response within 5 seconds and G forces of 25 G This force is similar to that experienced when initiating an enroute climb or descent Because of this G force requirement the response to the RA cannot be flown using the autopi lot The autopilot must be disconnected prior to responding to t
27. ble Avoid phrases such as TCAS inop Provide information in terms of fault lights lit audio announcements test patterns discrepancies and screen annunciations that indicate which unit was observed to have failed ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 75 GLOSSARY OF TCAS TERMS ABBREVIATIONS AFM AND DEFINITIONS AGL ATC ATCRBS Absolute Altitude Altitude Tag BITE CPA Crossover Climb Crossover Descent 76 Airplane Flight Manual Above Ground Level Air Traffic Control A federally operated ground based system that manages air craft traffic flow ATC Radar Beacon System A ground based secondary radar and airborne transponder system used to monitor traffic Altitude above terrain Also called Radio Altitude Absolute altitude is received from a radio altimeter and used by the TCAS processor to determine distance to the surface Data tag shown above or below threat symbol giving the relative altitude of the intruder Built In Test Equipment A feature of TCAS that continually monitors itself for operational errors Closest Point of Approach Refers to pre dicted point at which the intruder will be closest to your own aircraft The maneuver that TCAS has deter mined to be appropriate is a climb or descent through the altitude of the threat aircraft The crew is alerted to the crossover maneuver by an audio message ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidan
28. ce System User s Manual G Force Increase Maneuver Indicated Altitude Intruder LRU Mode A Transponder Mode Transponder Mode S Transponder ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual The ratio between a given load and the pull of gravity For TCAS purposes G forces of an RA could reach 35 dur ing an increase or reversal of the origi nal command An increase maneuver is a change of the original Resolution Advisory command either climb or descent requiring a greater rate The increase maneuver could require G forces to reach approxi mately 35 Altitude shown on the altimeter with barometric correction setting set to the local sea level pressure Used by the crew below 18 000 feet but not used for TCAS processing Any aircraft that is in the surveillance range of TCAS Line Replaceable Unit A self contained avionics component that can be replaced in the field ATCRBS transponder that replies to ATC interrogations sending identification code but without giving altitude data ATCRBS transponder that replies to ATC interrogations giving identification code or encoded altitude data Transponder that replies to ATC interro gations giving an ATCRBS identification code encoded altitude and other data fields including aircraft discrete address 77 78 MOPS NAR Non Threat Intruder Pressure Altitude Proximity Intruder Rad Alt RA VSI Minimum
29. d by activating the Master Lamp Test switch The test will continue as long as the switch is held in test position ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 73 TA VSI LAMP The TA VSI lamp test produces an array of traffic in TEST the pattern shown The climb descend color bands alternate between green and red lasting for two sec onds each The bands are blank for a one second interval in between NOTE The VSI function of the TA VSI will not be observed during the lamp test ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 74 FAILURE CONDITIONS TEST AUDIO INHIBIT CTA 81B CLOCKWISE TEST POSITION PosT FLIGHT REPORTS Should a VSI failure be detected at any time the VSI flag will appear Should a failure be detected during Self Test the audio message says TCAS System Test Fail If the TA display is a PPI or dedicated display the appropriate failure message will be displayed See Fault Message Format in Section 3 Controls and Displays TCAS test audio is inhibited during GPWS and winds hear test or alert The CTA 81B function selector is moved to the right hand test position switch fully clockwise to test the ATCRBS transponder During the test segments of the Transponder Control Unit display window and the ATC Fail Lamp illuminate If a failure of the TCAS systems has occurred give Maintenance as much specific information about the problem as possi
30. dix for a detailed description of test functions Selection of either STBY position places both transponders and TCAS II system in standby ATC 1 ON activates the Mode S transponder TCAS in standby ATC 2 ON activates the ATCRBS transponder TCAS in standby TA Traffic Advisory mode Presents traffic location on displays but does not issue Resolution Advisories TA mode annunciation appears on displays Mode S transponder activated with altitude reporting TA RA Traffic Advisory and Resolution Advisory mode Presents traffic location on displays and issues audio and visual Resolution Advisories for traffic determined to be a threat TA RA mode annunciation appears on PPI or ITA 81A displays Mode S transponder activated with altitude reporting ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual WEATHER RADAR INDICATORS RDR 4 RDR 1F RDR 1E RANGE SFI FCTJR RDR 4 PPI 4B FUNCTIZN SELECTOR ICIS weamchs O m ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 45 RDR 1F PPI 1T ARJVF RFI JW RDR 1E PPI 1U m ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 46 PPI 1T PPI 1U AND PPI AB INDICATOR CONTROLS NOTE Control arrangement varies depending on PPI radar configuration installed TCAS control functions are the same TOAS O Pushbutton ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance Sys
31. he RA The following diagrams illustrate typical TCAS II encounters showing intruder traffic on a display and the corresponding resolution on the RA VSI ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 15 INDICATIONS Climb Climb Climb AND VOICE ANNOUNCE MENTS CHANGE 6 04A COMMENTS Situation The intruder is ahead at 12 00 o clock 200 feet below your altitude Crew Response Promptly and smoothly establish a climb rate of 1500 feet per minute ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 16 Monitor Vertical Speed CATIONS SE ven Monitor Vertical Speed ANNOUNCE MENTS CHANGE 6 04A COMMENTS Situation One intruder is ahead at 12 00 o clock 500 feet above your altitude Another is 500 feet below your altitude Crew Response Remain in level flight Do not climb or descend ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 17 INDICATIONS AND VOICE ANNOUNCE MENTS Monitor Vertical Speed CHANGE 6 04A COMMENTS Situation The intruder is ahead at 12 00 o clock 500 feet below your altitude and flying level Crew Response Do not descend ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 18 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual INDICATIONS Traffic Traffic AND VOICE ANNOUNCE MENTS CHANGE 6 04A COMMENTS Situation The intruder is ahead at 12 00 o clock beyond 5 miles 200 feet be
32. la em 1 we JE 2 m m S O ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 55 Pushbutton Range Selectors select range to be displayed TCAS AUTO Pushbutton At Power Up the screen initially displays all TCAS traffic Pressing the button alternates between Full Time and TCAS Pop Up modes When in Pop Up mode the screen clears and remains blank until TA or RA traffic appears Then all TCAS traffic is dis played TCAS AUTO is annunciated The screen automatically clears when the intruder is no longer a threat Pressing the TCAS AUTO button when no TCAS traffic is displayed returns the display to the Full Time mode Pushbutton controls select vertical display limits ABOVE Climb phase 9000 feet above 2700 feet below Change 7 0 8700 feet above 2700 feet below Change 6 04a NORMAL Enroute phase 2700 feet above 2700 feet below BELOW Descent phase 2700 feet above 9000 feet below Change 7 0 2700 feet above 8700 feet below Change 6 04a Adjusts display brightness IVA 81B RA VSI RESOLUTION ADVISORY VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR 56 Vertical Speed Pointer Ambient Light Sensor Two rows of colored lights one red and one green are located around the vertical speed scale The RA VSI indicates whether to climb descend remain level or otherwise change the vertical speed by light ing segments of these rows The required
33. low your altitude Crew Response You do not maneuver on the Traffic Advisory symbol Attempt to visually acquire the intruder and be pre pared to maneuver if the TA changes to an RA ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 19 INDICATIONS AND VOICE ANNOUNCE MENTS CHANGE 6 04A COMMENTS 20 Monitor Vertical Speed Situation The intruder is ahead at 12 00 o clock 400 feet above your altitude You are already climbing at 2000 feet per minute Crew Response Maintain climb at present rate ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual INDICATIONS S Descend Descend AND VOICE KE ANNOUNCE Descend MENTS CHANGE 6 04A COMMENTS Situation One intruder is ahead at 12 00 o clock 200 feet above your altitude Crew Response Promptly and smoothly establish a descent rate of 1500 feet per minute ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 21 INDICATIONS AND VOICE ANNOUNCE MENTS CHANGE 6 04A COMMENTS 22 Climb Climb Now Climb Climb Now Situation The intruder is ahead and above and has changed from level flight to a rapid descent after TCAS issued a descend RA TCAS is now changing that to a climb Crew Response You are expected to initiate the change from a descent to a climb maneuver within 2 5 seconds with an increase in G force to 35 Gs ACS 5059 Rev 5
34. on Avoidance System User s Manual TCAS DISPLAY TEST PATTERN TCAS FUNCTION 5 NM RANGE DEDICATED DISPLAY AND PPI TA VSI TEST PATTERN 5 NM RANGE A Resolution Advisory red square will appear at 3 o clock range of 2 miles 1000 feet below and flying level A Traffic Advisory yellow circle will appear at 9 o clock range of 2 miles 200 feet below and climbing Proximity traffic solid white diamond will appear at 1 o clock range of 3 6 miles 200 feet above descend ing Non Threat traffic open white diamond will appear at 11 o clock range of 3 6 miles flying level 1000 feet above ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 71 RA VSI FLAGS AND TEST INDICATORS 72 During the first few seconds of the TEST the RA VSI red and green circumference lights the climb descend indicators illuminate sequentially The TCAS flag is in view throughout the test period SEQUENTIAL LAMP TEST ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual RA VSI AND TA VSI LAMP TESTS RA VSI LAMP TEST After the sequential lamp test the red and green climb descend lights display a fixed test command throughout the remainder of the system test FIXED TEST COMMAND At the conclusion of a successful Self Test a synthe sized voice announces TCAS System Test OK If the aircraft wiring includes a lamp test function the RA VSI sequential lamp test can be observe
35. on time The TCAS II processor is programmed with the spe cific aircraft operating limitations i e maximum alti tude at which the aircraft can climb at 1500 feet per minute Climb or Increase Climb RAs are therefore inhibited when the RA maneuver cannot be complet ed safely due to lack of aircraft performance capabili ty These performance limits are included as part of the aircraft wiring See the AFM Airplane Flight Manual for the specific performance limitations for your aircraft Wiring options for TCAS also include the following TCAS II can be wired to display all traffic full time or all traffic only as a result of the pres ence of a TA or an RA The TCAS display may have pilot selectable range or may be a fixed range controlled b y ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual the aircraft wiring The TCAS II system can be automatically placed in standby when the aircraft is on the ground The IVA 81A IVA 81D can be wired to clear the dis play automatically after a TA or RA passes or by pressing the TA SEL button if applicable The manually initiated TCAS test procedure can be inhibited in flight However this does not inhibit the transponder self test and TCAS will be placed in STBY during transponder Self Test for approximate ly 5 sec The aircraft Master Lamp Test Switch can be wired to control the TA VSI and RA VSI sequential lamp test TCAS can be wired to inhibit di
36. rupted if another TA or RA event occurs This Function Selector turns on the weather radar system and selects the operating mode TCAS selects a TCAS only display WXR TCAS selects weather with TCAS overlay display and WXR selects a weather only display Pressing the FL pushbutton replaces intruders relative altitude with flight level During this period your own flight level is displayed Pressing the button again changes the display back to rela tive altitude The FL function is inhibited below 18 000 MSL unless barometric altimeter settings are available from the air data computer ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual PPI 1T PPI 1U AND PPI AB INDICATOR CONTROLS CONT D EN NA iV FSV ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 The Range Selector selects range to be displayed In the position labeled NO WXR the display shows TCAS traffic only no radar WARNING The RDR 1E FD and RDR 1F transmitters continue to radiate in the 5 and 10 mile NO WXR ranges if an active mode is selected on the radar control panel any mode except TEST Refer to the appropriate Weather Radar Operating Manual for Cautions and Limitations prescribed by FAA Advisory Circular 20 68B The A B Above Below pushbutton or toggle switch selects altitude display limits Three levels to choose from ABOVE Climb phase 9000 feet above 2700 feet below Change 7 0 8700 feet above 270
37. showing intruder traffic on a display and the corresponding resolution on the RA VSI ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual INDICATIONS Climb Climb AND VOICE ANNOUNCE MENTS CHANGE 7 0 COMMENTS Situation The intruder is ahead at 12 00 o clock 200 feet below your altitude and flying level Crew Response Promptly and smoothly establish a climb rate of 1500 feet per minute ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 25 INDICATIONS Adjust Vertical Speed AND VOICE N q ANNOUNCE Adjust MENTS CHANGE 7 0 COMMENTS Situation The previous intruder is now 500 feet below your altitude while still at 12 00 o clock and flying level after your having followed the CLIMB RA Crew Response Promptly and smoothly level the aircraft ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 26 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual INDICATIONS Maintain Vertical Speed AND VOICE N Ee ANNOUNCE Maintain MENTS CHANGE 7 O COMMENTS Situation One intruder is ahead at 12 00 o clock 500 feet above your altitude Another is at 500 feet below your altitude Both are flying level Crew Response Remain in level flight Do not climb or descend ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 27 Monitor Vertical Speed Monitor Vertical Speed INDICATIONS AND VOICE ANNOUNCE MENTS CHANGE 7 0 COMMENTS Situ
38. splay of Traffic on the ground when your own aircraft is below 1700 x50 feet AGL If configured this way aircraft on the ground disappear as you descend through 1650 feet and reappear on the traffic display as you climb above 1750 feet TCAS II designates On Ground traffic by comparing own aircraft radio altitude and pressure altitude Any intruder estimat ed by TCAS to be within 380 feet of the ground descending or 400 feet ascending will be catego rized On Ground If not configured this way all On Ground intruders are displayed as non threat traffic open white diamond Change 6 04a TCAS II does not display traffic on the ground Change 7 0 In general if the intruder is within 380 20 feet of the ground it will not be displayed When another aircraft lands it may take approximately 20 seconds for TCAS II to determine that it has done so Change 7 0 When TCAS II is on the ground it will display existing tracks down to 150 feet of the ground Again it may take 20 seconds for the system to determine that the aircraft has landed Change 7 0 ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 65 66 Refer to the Airplane Flight Manual for the specific oper ational features of your particular TCAS installation Increase Descent Resolution Advisories are inhibited below 1450 feet AGL Change 6 04a Increase Descent Resolution Advisories are inhibited below 1450 feet AGL while descending and 1650 feet
39. ssage appears on the screen ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 9 NON THREAT TRAFFIC PROXIMITY INTRUDER TRAFFIC 10 An open white diamond indicates that an intruder s relative altitude is greater than plus or minus 1200 feet vertically or its distance is beyond 6 nm range It is not yet considered a threat This one is 1700 feet below your own altitude climb ing at 500 feet per minute or greater A filled white diamond indicates that the intruding aircraft is within plus or minus 1200 feet vertically and within 6 nm range but is still not considered a threat This intruder is now 1000 feet below your aircraft and climbing ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual TRAFFIC A symbol change to a filled yellow circle indicates ADVISORY TA that the intruding aircraft is considered to be poten tially hazardous Depending on your altitude TCAS II will display a TA when the time to CPA is between 20 and 48 seconds Here the intruder is 900 feet below your aircraft climbing at 500 feet per minute or greater A voice announcement is heard in the cockpit advising Traffic Traffic Under normal conditions a TA will precede an RA by 10 to 15 seconds The crew should attempt to gain visual contact with the intruder and be prepared to maneuver should an RA be sounded 10 to 15 seconds later The crew should take no evasive actions based
40. symbol represents the bearing of the intruder TA AND RA TRAFFIC OFF SCALE TCAS MODE FORMAT SAME TRAFFIC ON 1O MILE RANGE WEATHER MODE FORMAT ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual 13 THE RA VSI INSTRUMENT 14 TCAS II guidance is incorporated into the vertical speed indicator Two rows of colored lights one green and one red are located around the vertical speed scale TCAS II uses the lights to indicate whether to climb descend or remain level The lights are OFF unless an active Resolution Advisory is in progress Resolution Advisories are grouped as Corrective Advisories or Preventive Advisories Corrective Advisories require a positive action by the crew accompanied by a green arc on the RA VSI showing Fly To guidance Preventive Advisories require that NO action be taken to alter the flight path of the air craft When TCAS issues an RA certain segments in the row of red lights will be turned on Segments in the row of green lights will be on when the pilot is required to actively maneuver the aircraft to satisfy the resolu tion advisory For safe separation from the intruder the pilot should maneuver the aircraft within the ver tical speeds represented by the green lights Vertical speeds within the red area must be avoided An RA may be presented on the VSI requiring avoid ance of two or more threat aircraft simultaneously For example a do not descend indication may
41. tem User s Manual as typical unit shown TCAS cycles through display modes WX TCAS Pop Up WX TCAS Overlay and TCAS Only At Power Up the screen initially displays the TCAS Only mode Pressing the TCAS button once changes the display to WX Only mode Pressing again changes the display to WX TCAS Overlay TCAS traffic is over layed on weather Pressing again changes the display back to the TCAS Only mode In WX TCAS Pop Up mode the display shows the selected radar function When a TA or RA occurs the display automatically switches to the TCAS Only mode The range changes to the previ ously selected TCAS range Pressing the TCAS button once after a Pop Up event occurs returns the display to previous weather The display will once again be interrupted if another TA or RA Pop Up penetrates the protected range of your aircraft When the traffic is no longer a threat the screen automati cally reverts to displaying weather 47 MSC O Pushbutton rk 1C3S NX CAS XR 48 L O Pushbutton MSG The message pushbutton activates the ACARS mode During ACARS display a TCAS Pop Up event replaces the ACARS page with TCAS Only When the traffic is no longer a threat the screen automatically reverts back to displaying ACARS Pressing the MSG button once during the event reverts the display back to the previous ACARS display page The dis play will once again be inter
42. ude and the encod ed pressure altitude of the intruder A reversal maneuver is a change of the original Resolution Advisory command from a climb to a descent or vice versa The reversal maneuver could require G forces to reach approximately 35 A functional test that determines equip ment status Self test differs from BITE performance monitoring because it is initiated by the crew and is not per formed continually or automatically The volume of airspace surrounding your aircraft that TCAS scans for intrud ing traffic The TCAS system scans approximately 40 NM in front of and 9 000 feet above and below the aircraft The volume will automatically begin to decrease when flying into a high densi ty area and may be reduced to approxi mately 15 NM in front of the aircraft Traffic Advisory An audio and visual indication that another aircraft is poten tial threat A TA may become a Resolution Advisory within 15 seconds Traffic Advisory Vertical Speed Indicator A flight instrument that gives standard VSI indication plan position of local traffic plus RA climb and descent requirements 79 80 Threat An aircraft that has satisfied TCAS threat detection logic and thus requiring a Resolution Advisory ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual
43. ued in each aircraft The crew should promptly but smoothly follow the advisory Since maneuvers are coordinated the crew should never maneuver in the opposite direction of the advisory TCAS II can track as many as 45 aircraft display up to 30 of them and can coordinate a resolution advi sory for up to three intruders at once The advisories are always based on the least amount of deviation from the flight path while providing safe vertical separation ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual TCAS II TRAFFIC DISPLAY SYMBOLS TCAS II will display four different traffic symbols on the Traffic Advisory displays The symbols change shape and color to represent increasing levels of urgency The traffic symbols may also have an associated alti tude tag which shows relative altitude in hundreds of feet indicating whether the intruder is climbing fly ing level or descending A sign and number above the symbol means the intruder is above your altitude A sign and number beneath indicates it is below your altitude A trend arrow appears when the intrud er s vertical rate is 500 feet per minute or greater If the intruder is Non Altitude Reporting NAR the traffic symbol appears without an altitude number or trend arrow The type of symbol selected by TCAS II is based on the intruder location and closing rate If TCAS direction finding techniques fail to locate the azimuth of another aircraft a NO BEARING me
44. vertical maneuver keeps the pointer out of the red and or into the green areas Resolution Advisory Fly Away From Command Arc Red TCAS Flag VSI Flag Amber Not capable of displaying vertical speed RA VSI Failure Power Failure or VS Source Failure Resolution Advisory Fly To Command Arc Green RA OFF White TCAS Amber TCAS is in STBY TCAS in TA ONLY mode Power loss in the RA VSI System operating in automatic TA ONLY mode TCAS Failure Both Flags disappear during normal operation The RA OFF TCAS flag may appear independently of the VSI flag Whenever the VSI flag appears the RA OFF flag will also appear ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual IVA 81A VA 81D TA VSI TRAFFIC ADVISORY VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR Vertical Speed Pointer Resolution Advisory Fly Away From Command Arc Red Intruders Own Aircraft Symbol TA Select Pushbutton Traffic Select or Switchable as wired during installation Brightness Control ACS 5059 Rev 5 02 2000 Collision Avoidance System User s Manual The TA VSI combines the vertical speed instrument with the TA and RA display functions Red and green bands around the circumference of the screen give RA information Traffic location is presented on the face of the display inside of the vertical speed scale Resolution Advisory Fly To Green Maximum
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