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1. Figure 3 Views usually have titles toolbars and a content area Let the mouse pointer hover over an item to bring up a description 8 Partll Workbench 101 www finebook ir Multiple views can be stacked together in the same rectangu lar area The titlebar will show a tab for each view but only one view can be active at a time Click on a tab to bring its view to the front If the window is too narrow to show all the titles a chevron menu will appear see Figure 4 the number below the gt gt shows how many views are hidden Click on the chevron menu to list the hidden views HB org eclipseguide amp Hello o main String Figure 4 Views can be stacked on top of one another If space is short some may be hidden in a chevron menu Editors An editor in Eclipse is just like any other editor it lets you modify and save files What sets editors in Eclipse apart is their built in language specific knowledge In particular the Java editor completely understands Java syntax as you type the editor can provide assistance such as underlining syntax errors and suggesting valid method and variable names see Figure 5 Most of your time will be spent in the Java editor but there are also editors for text properties and other types of files Editors share many characteristics with views But unlike views editors don t have toolbars and you will usually have more than one of the same ty
2. Looking at Variables 29 www finebook ir select Display Eclipse will evaluate the expression includ ing any side effects and show the results in a pop up win dow see Figure 21 The expression can be as simple or as complicated as you like as long as it s valid public static void main String args for int i 0 WED i out SNAN pr boolean true Hello t Figure 21 Select an expression and press Ctrl Shift D to evaluate it For compound objects like class instances you may want to try the Inspect command Ctrl Shift I or right click and select Inspect instead of Display This will let you expand items and collapse members as in the Variables view Changing Code on the Fly Eclipse blurs the line between editing and debugging by letting you modify a running program You don t have to stop the program just edit and save it If possible Eclipse will compile just the class that was modified and insert it into the running process This handy feature is called hot code replace TIP If you modify a method that the program is currently exe cuting the debugger will have to drop to the previous frame and begin that method again from its first line This doesn t work on the main method because there is no caller 30 PartIV Debugging www finebook ir Some kinds of changes can be made on the fly and some can not Simple things like fixing an expre
3. Search Write Access Workspace Source Commands Add Block Comment Ctrl Shift Source Add Block Comment Add Constructors from Superclass No key binding Source gt Add Constructors from Superclass Add Import Ctrl Shift M Source Add Import Add Javadoc Comment Alt Shift J Source Add Comment Comment No key binding No menu Externalize Strings No key binding Source gt Externalize Strings Find Strings to Externalize No key binding Source gt Find Strings to Externalize Format Ctrl Shift F Source gt Format 100 Commands www finebook ir Generate Constructor using Fields No key binding Format Element No key binding Source Format Element Source gt Generate Constructor using Fields Generate Delegate Methods No key binding Source Generate Delegate Methods Generate Getters and Setters No key binding Source Generate Getters and Setters Indent Line Ctrl 1 Source gt Correct Indentation Organize Imports Ctrl Shift 0 Source Organize Imports Override Implement Methods No key binding Source Override Implement Methods Quick Assist Assign parameter to field No key binding No menu Quick Assist Assign to field Ctrl 2 F No menu Quick Assist Assign to local variable Ctrl 2 L No menu Quick Assist Rename in file Ctrl 2 R No menu Quick Assist Replace statement with
4. Environment Pass environment variables to the program Common Miscellaneous options Many more features of Eclipse are waiting to be discovered and new ones are added in each release The Tips and Tricks section of the online help Help gt Tips and Tricks is a good place to look for the kinds of little nuggets that can save you time or let you do something new You can also find a useful command and keyboard shortcut listing in the Appendix Launch Configurations 49 www finebook ir PART VII Views Eclipse has so many different views and toolbars that it s easy to get overwhelmed trying to decipher them all Consider this part of the book to be your own personal secret decoder ring Breakpoints View The Breakpoints view in the Debug perspective shows a list of all the breakpoints you have set in your projects Use it to enable and disable breakpoints edit their properties and set exception breakpoints which trigger a stop when a Java exception occurs Table 9 lists the commands on the Break points view toolbar Table 9 Breakpoints view toolbar Icon Description e Remove the selected breakpoint s x Remove all breakpoints in all projects e Show hide breakpoints not valid in the selected remote debug target ij toggle Edit the source code at the breakpoint k Temporarily disable all breakpoints toggle Expand the breakpoint tree 50 www finebook ir Table 9 Breakpoin
5. Figure 2 The Eclipse workbench is made up of views editors and other elements www finebook ir Views A view is a window that lets you examine something such as a list of files in your project Eclipse comes with dozens of different views see Table 2 for a partial list These views are covered in more detail in Part VII Table 2 Commonly used Eclipse views View name Description Package Explorer Shows all your projects Java packages and files Hierarchy Displays the class and interface relationships for the selected object Outline Displays the structure of the currently open file Problems Shows compiler errors and warnings in your code Console Displays the output of your program Javadoc Shows the description from comments of the selected object Declaration Shows the source code where the selected object is declared To open a view select Window gt Show View The most commonly used views are listed in that menu To see the full list select Other Most views have a titlebar that includes the icon and name for the view a close icon a toolbar and an area for the con tent see Figure 3 for an example showing the Outline view Note that if the view is too narrow the toolbar will be pushed to the next line To discover what all the buttons do move your mouse over a button and a little window called a tool tip will appear that describes the item HB org eclipsequide Hello 0 ern il
6. Other gt Java JUnit Memory No key binding Window gt Show View gt Other Debug gt Memory Outline Alt Shift Q 0 Window gt Show View gt Outline Plug in Dependencies No key binding Window gt Show View gt Other gt PDE gt Plug in Depen dencies Plug in Registry No key binding Window gt Show View gt Other PDE Runtime gt Registry Plug ins No key binding Window gt Show View gt Other gt PDE gt Plug ins Problems Alt Shift Q X Window Show View Problems Registers No key binding Window gt Show View gt Other gt Debug gt Registers ViewCommands 109 www finebook ir Window Commands Search Alt Shift 0Q S Window Show View Search Synchronize Alt Shift 0 Y Window gt Show View gt Other gt Team gt Synchronize Variables Alt Shift 0 V Window Show View Variables Window Commands Activate Editor F12 Window gt Navigation gt Activate Editor Close All Perspectives No key binding Window gt Close All Perspectives Close Perspective No key binding Window gt Close Perspective Customize Perspective No key binding Window gt Customize Perspective Hide Editors No key binding No menu Lock the Toolbars No key binding No menu Maximize Active View or Editor Ctrl M Window gt Navigation Maximize Active View or Editor Minimize Active View or Edit
7. Using the Full Featured IDE Eclipse IDE Pocket Guide ae road Fe SL Pe k O REILLY Ed Burnette www finebook ir Java O REILLY Eclipse IDE Pocket Guide Eclipse is the world s most popular IDE for Java development And although there are plenty of large tomes that cover all the nooks and crannies of Eclipse what you really need is a guick handy guide to the features that are used over and over again in Java programming This book answers your basic guestions Where was that menu What does that command do again How can I set my classpath on a per project basis This practical pocket guide gets you up to speed quickly with Eclipse It covers basic concepts including views and editors as well as features that are not commonly understood such as perspectives and launch configurations You ll learn how to write and debug your Java code and how to integrate that code with tools such as Ant and JUnit You ll also get a toolbox full of tips and tricks to handle common and sometimes unexpected tasks that you ll run across in your Java development cycle Additionally the Eclipse IDE Pocket Guide has a thorough appendix detailing all of Eclipse s important views menus commands and preferences The Eclipse IDE Pocket Guide is just the resource you need for using Eclipse whether you use it on a daily weekly or monthly basis Put it in your back pocket or just throw it in your backpack
8. ance enable compliance for the entire workspace not just the project Creating aProject 19 www finebook ir After a moment you should see your new empty project in the Package Explorer view see Figure 12 Package Explorer am Hierarchy Il CS src BA JRE System Library JRE Figure 12 A new Java project is born Creating a Package A Java package is a standard way to organize your classes into separate namespaces Although you can create classes with out packages doing so is considered bad programming prac tice To create a new package select File New Package or click on the New Package icon in the main toolbar Enter the package name as org eclipseguide and click Fin ish You can see the results in the Package Explorer as shown in Figure 13 Package Explorer X Hierarchy S E Hello B 83 src sag org eclipseguide H JRE System Library JRE Figure 13 The project has grown a package 20 Partlll Java Done Quick www finebook ir TIP If you looked at the project on disk you would see the Hello directory a src directory under that org under that and eclipseguide under that A compact form is shown in the Package Explorer as a convenience Creating a Class With the org eclipseguide package highlighted select File gt New Class or click on the New Java Class icon Enter the name of the class starting w
9. Step Over command 28 Step Return command 28 subtypes supertypes of objects showing 58 syntax errors guick fixes for 43 system menus 10 system reguirements for Eclipse 2 116 Index www finebook ir T Tasks view 66 TDD test driven development 36 Team Synchronizing perspective 13 69 tearDown 34 tear off views 14 templates entering text using 39 Test and Performance Tools Platform TPTP project 70 test cases creating 33 running 34 36 test driven development TDD 36 Text editing commands 103 107 text entering using templates 39 Tips and Tricks command 49 TODO comments 21 toolbars in Eclipse 12 tool tip windows 8 TPTP Test and Performance Tools Platform project 70 Type Hierarchy tree pane 59 U unit assertion methods 33 unit testing with JUnit 32 37 unpacking Eclipse 3 upgrading Eclipse 5 user forums about Eclipse 81 V values of variables viewing 28 Variables view 28 30 67 View commands 107 110 view menus 10 views in Eclipse 8 50 67 maximizing minimizing 16 rearranging 14 16 Visual Editor project 71 W warnings and Problems view 64 Watch command 55 web sites community resources 78 official Eclipse site 76 Web Tools Platform WTP project 70 Welcome screen 4 Window commands 110 112 Workbench User Guide 76 workbench overview of 7 17 workspace specifying 4 WTP Web Tools Platform pro
10. warnings accessibility etc Tables 25 and 26 show a few of the common icons you should become familiar with Table 25 Common base icons Icon Description se Project A Source folder ee Plain folder BA Java library B Java package F Java file i Scrapbook page tah Class file Package Explorer View 63 www finebook ir Table 25 Common base icons continued Icon Description t JAR file B Plain file iC Java class 8 Java interface Public method 5 Private method Protected method Q Public field a Private field Protected field Table 26 Common decorations Icon Description a Error Warning Version controlled Inherited Deprecated Abstract Constructor Final c7 9 gt PGE Java related Static en Problems View The Problems view in the Java perspective shows all the errors and warnings in the workspace Double click on a line in this view to jump directly to the offending source line Table 27 describes the Problems view toolbar 64 PartVil Views www finebook ir Table 27 Problems view toolbar Icon Description x Delete the selected problem s E Filter out some problems TIP You ll often want to use a filter to see just the problems for the current project or perhaps just the currently select ed resource Right click on a problem to see a context menu One of the options there is Quick Fix Ctrl 1 Use this to quickly repair common error
11. www eclipse org and select the bugs link The first time you use Bugzilla you ll need to create an account ReportingBugs 79 www finebook ir New Account Although you can search the database without a Bugzilla account you ll need one to add or modify any entries Click the Create a Bugzilla account link enter your email address and name and click the submit button The sys tem will create the account and send a confirmation by email Searching Before creating a new Bugzilla entry take a moment to search the database to see if someone else has beaten you to it From the main Bugs page select the Find a bug report link then enter one or more words in either the Summary field or the Comment field and click Search If you find an entry that matches your problem or request add yourself to the cc list a list of email addresses that get copied on any modification to the entry You may also wish to vote for the issue in order to indicate your interest Votes don t determine priority by themselves but they sometimes do factor in Adding an Entry If you can t find an existing Bugzilla entry you ll need to cre ate a new one From the main Bugs page select Report a new bug or Enter an enhancement feature request Next you ll be prompted for the project If you re using the Eclipse SDK the choice is simple for anything relating specifi cally to Java development pick JDT
12. As No key binding File gt Save As Help Commands About No key binding Help gt About Dynamic Help F1 Help gt Dynamic Help 88 Commands www finebook ir Navigate Commands Help Contents No key binding Help gt Help Contents Help Search No key binding Help gt Search Help Tips and Tricks No key binding Help gt Tips and Tricks Welcome No key binding Help Welcome Navigate Commands Back No key binding Navigate Go To gt Back Backward History Alt Left Navigate gt Back Forward No key binding Navigate Go To Forward Forward History Alt Right Navigate gt Forward Go Into No key binding Navigate gt Go Into Go to Line Ctrl L Navigate gt Go to Line Go to Matching Bracket Ctrl Shift P Navigate gt Go To gt Matching Bracket Go to Next Member Ctrl Shift Down Navigate gt Go To gt Next Member Navigate Commands 89 www finebook ir Navigate Commands Go to Package No key binding Navigate Go To gt Package Go to Previous Member Ctrl Shift Up Navigate gt Go To gt Previous Member Go to Resource No key binding Navigate gt Go To gt Resource Go to Type No key binding Last Navigate gt Go To gt Type Edit Location Ctrl 0 Navigate Last Edit Location Next Ctrl Navigate gt Next Open Call Hierarchy Ctrl Alt H Navigate gt Open Call
13. Ctrl Insert Edit Copy 84 Commands www finebook ir Edit Commands Cut Ctrl X Shift Delete Edit gt Cut Delete Delete Edit gt Delete Find and Replace Ctrl F Edit gt Find Replace Find Next Ctrl K Edit gt Find Next Find Previous Ctrl Shift K Edit gt Find Previous Incremental Find Ctrl Edit gt Incremental Find Next Incremental Find Reverse Ctrl Shift J Edit Incremental Find Previous Paste Ctrl V Shift Insert Edit Paste Quick Diff Toggle Ctrl Shift 0 No menu Quick Fix Ctrl 1 Edit gt Quick Fix Redo Ctrl Y Edit gt Redo Restore Last Selection Alt Shift Down Edit gt Expand Selection To gt Restore Last Selection Revert Line No key binding No menu EditCommands 85 www finebook ir Edit Commands Revert Lines No key binding No menu Revert to Saved No key binding File gt Revert Select All Ctrl A Edit gt Select All Select Enclosing Element Alt Shift Up Edit Expand Selection To gt Enclosing Element Select Next Element Alt Shift Right Edit gt Expand Selection To gt Next Element Select Previous Element Alt Shift Left Edit gt Expand Selection To Previous Element Shift Left No key binding Source Shift Left Shift Right No key binding Source gt Shift Right Show Line Numbers No key binding No menu Show Tooltip Description F2 Edit gt Show T
14. Delete Previous No key binding No menu Delete Previous Word Ctrl Backspace No menu Delete to Beginning of Line No key binding No menu Text Editing Commands 103 www finebook ir Text Editing Commands Delete to End of Line Ctrl Shift Delete No menu Duplicate Lines Ctrl Alt Up No menu Expand Ctrl Numpad_Add No menu Expand All Ctrl Numpad_Multiply No menu Insert Line Above Current Line Ctrl Shift Enter No menu Insert Line Below Current Line Shift Enter No menu Line Down Down No menu Line End End No menu Line Start Home No menu Line Up Up No menu Move Lines Down Alt Down No menu Move Lines Up Alt Up No menu Next Column No key binding No menu 104 Commands www finebook ir Next Text Editing Commands Word Ctrl Right No menu Page Down Page Down No menu Page Up Page Up No menu Previous Column No key binding No menu Previous Word Ctrl Left Scrol Scrol No menu Line Down Ctrl Down No menu I Line Up Ctrl Up No menu Select Line Down Shift Down No menu Select Line End Shift End No menu Select Line Start Shift Home No menu Select Line Up Shift Up No menu Select Next Column No key binding No menu Select Next Word Ctrl Shift Right No menu Text Editing Commands 1
15. Eclipse IDE in particular its Java Development Toolkit JDT This book is designed to get you up and running quickly in the environment even if you ve never used Eclipse before Some Java programming knowledge will be helpful when reading this guide but even if you re new to Java you can still find a good deal of useful information within these pages Let s begin with an overview of what Eclipse is and how to download and install it If you re already using Eclipse you can skip this section and jump to Part II What Is Eclipse Eclipse is an IDE for anything and nothing at all meaning that it can be used to develop software in any language not just Java It started as a proprietary replacement for Visual Age for Java from IBM but was open sourced in November 2001 Eclipse is now controlled by an independent nonprofit organi zation called the Eclipse Foundation Since 2001 it has been downloaded over 50 million times it is now being used by thousands of developers worldwide It also has a sizable fol lowing in the university community where it is used in classes on programming and object oriented design www finebook ir Conventions Used in This Book Italic Used for filenames directory names URLs and tools from Unix such as vi Also used for emphasis and to introduce new terms Constant width Used for names of Java packages methods etc com mands variables and code excerpts Constant width bol
16. Hierarchy Open Declaration F3 Navigate Open Declaration Open External Javadoc Shift F2 Navigate Open External Javadoc Open Resource Ctrl Shift R Navigate Open Resource Open Structure Ctrl F3 No menu Open Super Implementation No key binding Navigate Open Super Implementation Open Type Ctrl Shift T Navigate gt Open Type 90 Commands www finebook ir Perspective Commands Open Type Hierarchy F4 Navigate gt Open Type Hierarchy Open Type in Hierarchy Ctrl Shift H Navigate gt Open Type in Hierarchy Previous Ctrl Navigate gt Previous Quick Hierarchy Ctrl T Navigate Quick Type Hierarchy Quick Outline Ctrl 0 Navigate Quick Outline Show in Menu Alt Shift W Navigate gt Show In Show in Package Explorer No key binding Navigate Show In gt Package Explorer Up No key binding Navigate Go To Up One Level Perspective Commands CVS Repository Exploring No key binding Window Open Perspective Other gt CVS Repository Exploring Debug No key binding Window gt Open Perspective Debug Java No key binding Window gt Open Perspective gt Java PerspectiveCommands 91 www finebook ir Project Commands Java Browsing No key binding Window gt Open Perspective Java Browsing Java Type Hierarchy No key binding Window Open Perspective gt Other gt Java Type Hier
17. Switch to Editor 112 Commands www finebook ir A AJDT AspectJ Development Toolkit 71 AlphaWorks web site IBM 78 Ant using with Eclipse 69 Apache web site 78 AspectJ Development Toolkit AJDT 71 assertion methods 33 automatic typing 40 base icons 63 Beck Kent 32 breakpoints Expressions view and 56 58 setting 25 27 Breakpoints view 27 50 bugs reporting 79 81 Bugzilla tracking system 79 Build Path Java 47 C C C Development Toolkit CDT 71 Index chevron menus 9 classes creating 21 CLASSPATH environment variable 47 clean installs 5 code changing on the fly 30 entering 21 23 code assist feature 34 38 commands 83 112 compiling code and running programs 23 Concern Manipulation Environment CME project 71 conditional breakpoints 51 Confirm Perspective Switch dialog 19 Console view 8 52 Content Assist command 38 context menus 11 coolbars in Eclipse 12 cursor shapes 14 CVS repositories 69 CVS Repository Exploring perspective 13 We d like to hear your suggestions for improving our indexes Send email to index oreilly com 113 www finebook ir CVS Resource History view 69 CVS source management system 68 D deadlocks and Show Monitors option 53 Debug perspective 13 26 Breakpoints view in 50 Debug view in 53 Display view in 54 Expressions view in 56 58 Outline view in 62 Variables
18. accept the one you want The Quick Fix command can also make suggestions for small source transformations on lines that don t have errors For example if you have code like this if hail thunder and you select the text hail thunder and press Ctrl 1 Eclipse will suggest some possible transformations such as Push negation down Choosing that particular option would change the code to if lhail 88 thunder Searching The Eclipse IDE provides dozens of different ways to locate things Eclipse breaks these up into two major categories Find Look for something in the current file Search Look for something in multiple files The Find command Ctrl F or Edit gt Find Replace is just a run of the mill text locator like you would see in any editor You can look for plain strings or full regular expressions and you can optionally substitute the text you find with other text The shortcut to find the next occurrence is Ctrl K A handy variant on Find is incremental find a feature bor rowed from the Emacs editor Press Ctrl J Edit Incremen tal Find Next and start typing the text you re looking for The selection will move to the next occurrence as you type 44 Part VI Tips and Tricks www finebook ir Searches are much more interesting To start with Eclipse supports locating strings and regular expressions in many files at once You can search the entire workspace just the current p
19. block No key binding No menu Quick Fix Add cast No key binding No menu SourceCommands 101 www finebook ir Source Commands Quick Fix Add import No key binding No menu Quick Fix Add non NLS tag No key binding No menu Quick Fix Add throws declaration No key binding No menu Quick Fix Change to static access No key binding No menu Quick Fix Qualify field access No key binding No menu Remove Block Comment Ctrl Shift Source Remove Block Comment Remove Occurrence Annotations Alt Shift U No menu Show Source Quick Menu Alt Shift No menu Sort Members No key binding Source Sort Members Surround with try catch Block No key binding Source Surround with try catch Block Toggle Comment Ctrl Ctrl 7 Ctrl Shift C Source Toggle Comment Toggle Mark Occurrences Alt Shift 0 No menu Uncomment No key binding No menu 102 Commands www finebook ir Text Editing Commands Text Editing Commands Clear Mark No key binding No menu Collapse Ctrl Numpad_ Subtract No menu Copy Lines Ctrl Alt Down No menu Cut Li No menu ne No key binding Cut to Beginning of Line No key binding No menu Cut to End of Line No key binding No menu Delete Line Ctrl D No menu Delete Next Delete No menu Delete Next Word Ctrl Delete No menu
20. framework written by Kent Beck and Erich Gamma Since Erich is the project leader for Eclipse s Java toolkit it s only natural that JUnit is well inte grated into the IDE A Simple Factorial Demo To try out unit testing in Eclipse first create a project called Factorial containing a class called Factorial Inside that class create a factorial method as follows public class Factorial public static double factorial int x if x 0 return 1 0 return x factorial x 1 TIP If you notice the nasty little error in this code ignore it for now That s part of the demonstration 32 www finebook ir Creating Test Cases To test this class you ll need to create a test case for it A test case is a class that extends the JUnit TestCase class and con tains test methods that exercise your code To create a test case right click on Factorial java in the Package Explorer and select New JUnit Test Case TIP If you get a dialog offering to add the JUnit library to the build path select Yes A dialog window will come up with the name of the test case FactorialTest already filled in along with the name of the class being tested Click Next to show the Test Methods dia log select the factorial int method and click Finish to generate the test case Eclipse will then generate some code for you similar to the following public class FactorialTest extends TestCase public void testFac
21. or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc in the United States and other countries O Reilly Media Inc is independent of Sun Microsystems Inc Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks Where those designations appear in this book and O Reilly Media Inc was aware of a trademark claim the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein 0 596 10065 5 C 3 06 www finebook ir Contents PartI Introduction What Is Eclipse 1 Conventions Used in This Book 2 System Requirements 2 Downloading Eclipse 3 Installing Eclipse 3 3 2 1 Launch 4 Specify a Workspace 4 Exploring Eclipse 4 Getting Upgrades 5 Moving On 6 Part II Workbench 101 Views 8 Editors 9 Menus 10 www finebook ir Toolbars and Coolbars 12 Perspectives 13 Rearranging Views and Editors 14 Maximizing and Minimizing 16 Part Ill Java Done Quick Creating a Project 18 Creating a Package 20 Creating a Class 21 Entering Code 21 Running the Program 23 Part IV Debugging Running the Debugger 25 Setting Breakpoints 25 Single Stepping 28 Looking at Variables 28 Changing Codeon the Fly 30 Part V Unit Testing with JUnit A S
22. scripting language such as Perl Here s how it works in Eclipse To rename a symbol i e a class method variable etc select it in the editor and press Alt Shift R Refactor gt Rename Type in the new name and press Enter to perform the change Done If you like you can select the Preview button before perform ing the changes this will show you what the modified source will look like see Figure 25 You can also undo the refactor ing Ctrl Z or Edit Undo if you change your mind Here s another handy refactoring supported by Eclipse to move a class from one package to another simply go to the Package Explorer view and drag the file to where you want it Eclipse will take care of changing the package statement in the file and in all the other class files that refer to it Neat huh Eclipse implements over a dozen different types of refactor ings and more are being added all the time See the Java Development User Guide Window gt Help Contents gt Java Refactoring 41 www finebook ir Rename Local Variable Changes to be performed BF 8 Hello 7 6 main String 1 ag Rename local variable i to index Rename local variable i to index J Hello java CV Original Source Refactored Source public static void ma public static void main for int H 0 ir for int MB 0 System out pr System out print Hello w Hell
23. st 4 4 Hello a we e5 main String Package Explorer X S I Hello B sre B org eclipsequide tin mA JRE System Library JRE Figure 10 You can see how the Package Explorer is dragged from a tab into the bottom of the window Table 4 Cursor shapes while dragging views and editors Cursorshape Final position of the view editor being dragged Above the window under the cursor Below the window under the cursor To the left of the window under the cursor To the right of the window under the cursor On top of a stack of windows under the cursor In the fast view area it will slide out as needed or when manually clicked Outside the main window Hate eee Rearranging Views and Editors 15 www finebook ir TIP By dragging editors you can show two files side by side Starting in Eclipse 3 1 you can also edit two portions of the same file by using the Window gt New Editor command To change the relative size of side by side views or editors move the mouse cursor to the thin dividing line between two of them The cursor shape will change indicating you can move that divider by clicking it and dragging it to the desired location Maximizing and Minimizing Sometimes you need to focus temporarily on a single view or editor For example you might want to hide all the views and use the whole Eclipse window to look at one large file in the editor You could re
24. view in 67 Debug view 27 53 debugging Eclipse 25 31 Declaration view 8 54 decorator icons 63 Detail Formatters defining new 58 Details pane looking at expressions using 57 developerWorks web site IBM 78 Display command 55 Display view 54 documentation showing with Javadoc view 60 downloading Eclipse 3 dynamic help 75 E Eclipse commands 83 112 debugging 25 31 downloading 3 installing 3 official web site 76 system requirements for 2 upgrading 5 Eclipse wiki web site 78 EclipseZone web site 78 eclipse commercial newsgroup 82 eclipse foundation newsgroup 82 eclipse newcomer newsgroup 81 eclipse platform newsgroup 81 Edit commands 84 86 editors in Eclipse 9 maximizing minimizing 16 rearranging 14 16 enhancements suggesting 79 81 error indicators in code 43 Error Log view 55 reporting bugs and 81 errors Problems view and 64 viewing internal errors using Error Log view 55 exception breakpoints 50 setting 27 Execute command 55 expressions breakpoints and 51 evaluating in debugger 55 Expressions view 56 58 F Failure trace pane 60 fast views 14 File commands 87 Find and Replace command 44 flat mode showing search results in 66 Format command 23 G Gamma Erich 32 114 Index www finebook ir H Help commands 88 help resources for Eclipse 75 82 help topics in Eclipse SDK 76 Help window 75 hierarchical mode
25. work on your part For example Eclipse would install an upgrade from 3 1 0 to 3 1 1 automatically However for anything more sub stantial the best practice is to do a manual clean install TIP A clean install is especially important if you want to use beta versions of Eclipse called Stable or Milestone builds on the download page Milestone builds are sometimes buggy so you may need to temporarily go back and run your previous version Getting Upgrades 5 www finebook ir For example let s say you have been running Version 3 1 for a while and now Version 3 2 has come out You want to upgrade right away because each new release contains a number of important bug fixes and useful new features Also if you have a problem with an older release and report it to the developers they will simply ask you to upgrade see Reporting Bugs in Part IX So you should upgrade but what s the best way to do it First rename your eclipse directory to something else like eclipse3 1 Then download the new SDK package and install it normally as if you had never installed Eclipse before This is called a clean install because you are not attempting to mix new and old code together Note that your workspace doesn t need to change at all but you should back it up before running the new version just in case Now do you see why I recommended you don t keep your workspace in the install directory TIP Any additiona
26. 00 whichever is more convenient Breakpoints View 51 www finebook ir Console View The Console view displays the output of programs that are run under the control of Eclipse Use it to view standard out put or error output from your Java programs or from Ant CVS or any other external program launched from Eclipse You can also type into the Console view to provide standard input The Console view is closely tied to the Debug view It keeps a separate page for each program listed in the Debug view whether or not the program is currently running Table 11 shows the commands on the Console view s toolbar Table 11 Console view toolbar Icon Description Terminate the current program Ze Remove all record of previously terminated programs Ek Clear all the lines in the current console page BH Keep the view from scrolling as new lines are added to the end toggle ial Prevent the view from automatically switching to other pages toggle g Switch to an existing console page cs Open a new console page for example to see CVS output TIP If your program prints a stack traceback the Console view turns each line into a hyperlink Click on a link to go to the location indicated in the traceback Options for the Console view can be found under Window gt Preferences gt Run Debug Console 52 PartVil Views www finebook ir Debug View The Debug view in the Debug perspective lists all pr
27. 05 www finebook ir Text Editing Commands Select Page Down Shift Page Down No menu Select Page Up Shift Page Up No menu Select Previous Column No key binding No menu Select Previous Word Ctrl Shift Left No menu Select Text End Ctrl Shift End No menu Select Text Start Ctrl Shift Home No menu Select Window End No key binding No menu Select Window Start No key binding No menu Set Mark No key binding No menu Swap Mark No key binding No menu Text End Ctrl End No menu Text Start Ctrl Home No menu To Lower Case Ctrl Shift Y No menu 106 Commands www finebook ir To Upper Case Ctrl Shift X No menu Toggle Folding Ctrl Numpad_Divide No menu Toggle Overwrite Insert No menu Window End No key binding No menu Window Start No key binding No menu View Commands Ant No key binding Window Show View Ant Breakpoints Alt Shift Q B Window gt Show View gt Breakpoints Cheat Sheets Alt Shift Q H Window Show View Other Cheat Sheets gt Cheat Sheets Classic Search No key binding Window Show View gt Other Basic gt Classic Search Console Alt Shift Q C Window Show View gt Console CVS Annotate No key binding Window Show View gt Other gt CVS gt CVS Annotate ViewCommands 107 www fi
28. Display view The value is never recalculated Execute Ctrl U or Run gt Execute Evaluate the expression but don t show its value Watch Run gt Watch Copy an expression into the Expressions view Its value is recalculated every time you do a Step or Resume command For example in the Java editor you could highlight an expression such as array i 1 and press Ctrl Shift D A pop up window appears showing the current value of that array element Press Ctrl Shift D again and the expression is copied to the Display view If this view looks familiar to you that s because it s essen tially an unnamed scrapbook page TIP See the Scrapbook Pages section in Part V for more in formation on scrapbook pages Error Log View The Error Log view is not included by default in any perspec tive but you can open it with Window gt Show View gt Error Log Use it to view internal Eclipse errors and stack ErrorLogView 55 www finebook ir dumps when reporting problems to the developers It can also display warnings and informational messages logged by Eclipse plug ins Table 15 shows the commands on the Error Log view s toolbar Table 15 Error Log view toolbar Icon Description 25 Export the error log to another file Import the error log from another file Ek Clear the view without modifying the logfile x Clear the view and erase the logfile S Open the logfile in an external text
29. History view Double click on a line in this view to open an editor on that revision or select two revisions right click and select the Compare command to see their differences Another useful CVS command is Show Annotation This lets you scroll through a particular file and see who touched each line when and why Online help Help gt Help Contents gt Workbench User Guide gt Concepts Team programming with CVS Web sites http www cvshome org http dev eclipse org Ant Ant is the Java based successor to the venerable make tool You can use Ant for automating almost any development task from compiling to testing to packaging and deploy ment Eclipse can import and export Ant based projects edit Ant files and run Ant tasks manually or as part of a build process Next to the Java editor the Ant editor is one of the most advanced editors available in the IDE with support for code assist outlining and formatting Ant 69 www finebook ir Online help Help gt Help Contents gt Workbench User Guide gt Concepts gt External tools gt Ant support Web sites http ant apache org http cruisecontrol sourceforge net Web Tools Platform Do you write web pages edit XML develop Java servlets or dream about EJB Then the Web Tools Platform WTP project is for you This is a separate download that when installed integrates into your Eclipse SDK installation There are two parts to the WTP web sta
30. Trace to go to a specific line number TIP The best practice if a test fails is to set a breakpoint on the failing line and then use the debugger to diagnose the problem Just select Debug instead of Run to run the debugger When you examine the test you can see that the factorial function is not being calculated correctly due to an error in the formula To correct the error replace the with a return x factorial x 1 Running Tests 35 www finebook ir Now rerun your tests Ctrl F11 You shouldn t see any fail ures instead you should see a green bar indicating success Test First Having a good suite of tests is important so important that many developers advocate writing the tests for new code before a single line of the code itself This is called test driven development or TDD for short Such tests represent the requirements that your code must satisfy in order to be con sidered correct To see how Eclipse makes TDD simple keep the unit test you just created but delete the Factorial java file select it in the Package Explorer and press Delete The editor for the FactorialTest class will shown an error immediately because the Factorial class is not defined anymore This simulates the state you would be in if you had written your test class first Put the text cursor on the first line that has an error and press Ctrl 1 Edit Quick Fix Select the Create class Factorial op
31. ains some internal data structures such as the number of items and a reference to the first item But if you look at it logically Figure 27 it simply contains a list of objects Variables X this LinkedListTest id 19 CB list LinkedList id 26 m header LinkedList Entry id 40 gt modCount 2 m size 2 Figure 26 Literal mode shows an object s internal data structures Expressions View 57 www finebook ir Variables X 8 0 this LinkedListTest id 19 ist LinkedList id 26 H a 0 Fred H a 1 Barney Figure 27 Logical mode shows what the object really means Additionally the Expressions and Variables views support an optional text area called the Details pane This pane shows the string representation of the selected item see Figure 28 Use the view menu to arrange the panes horizontally or verti cally or to disable the Details pane altogether variables X this LinkedListTest id 19 CRE ist LinkedList id 26 Fred Barney Figure 28 The Details pane shows an object s string representation TIP You can create your own ways of looking at expressions by defining new Logical Structures and Detail Formatters in the debugger preferences Window Preferences gt Java gt Debug Hierarchy View The Hierarchy view in the Java perspective shows the supertypes and subtypes for the selected Ja
32. ame like JRE_LIB or ECLIPSE_ HOME to refer to a JAR file outside the workspace Add Library Refer to a directory outside the workspace containing several JAR files Add Class Folder Refer to a workspace directory containing individual class files Launch Configurations How do you specify command line parameters to your pro gram or change the Java VM options that are used to invoke your program Every time you select Run As gt Java Applica tion on a new class that has a main method Eclipse cre ates a launch configuration for you A launch configuration is the set of all the options used to run your program To change those options select Run gt Run and locate your configuration in the dialog Click on the configuration to see all the options in a series of tabbed pages on the right hand side of the window the tabs are described in Table 8 You can also create new configurations in this dialog 48 PartVI Tips and Tricks www finebook ir Table 8 Launch configuration tabs Tabname Description Main Specify the project and the name of the Main class Arguments Set the program arguments the Java VM arguments and the working directory in which to start the program JRE Specify the version of Java used to run the program this can be different than the one used to compile it Classpath Set the list of JARs and classes available at runtime Source Locate the source code inside or outside the workspace
33. an extensible online help system with details about the version of Eclipse you re using and any plug ins you have installed It can be searched and viewed in several different ways Getting Help The most common way to view online help is to select Help gt Help Contents A separate Help window will open showing several help topics Expand the topics to hone in on the information you need or enter a keyword in the Search field at the top of the window Another way to get help is with dynamic help To use dynamic help simply press F1 or select Help gt Dynamic Help and an embedded Help view will appear As your focus changes to different views and editors the Help con tent is updated to show help for what you are doing at the 75 www finebook ir moment Select Help gt Search Help to find help topics relevant to the view you re currently in Help Topics If you install the Eclipse SDK as detailed in Part I you will find the following topics listed in the Help contents Workbench User Guide Contains information on how to use the IDE in general independent of your programming language Java Development User Guide Discusses how to use the Java language support editors views etc provided by Eclipse Platform Plug in Developer Guide Covers the concepts and programming interfaces used to write Eclipse plug ins JDT Plug in Developer Guide Covers writing plug ins specifically for the Java Develop ment T
34. archy Team Synchronizing No key binding Window Open Perspective Other gt Team Synchronizing Project Commands Build All Ctrl B Project gt Build All Build Clean No key binding Project gt Clean Build Project No key binding Project Build Project Close Project No key binding Project Close Project Generate Javadoc No key binding Project Generate Javadoc Open Project No key binding Project gt Open Project Properties No key binding Project gt Properties Rebuild All No key binding No menu 92 Commands www finebook ir Refactor Commands Rebuild Project No key binding No menu Repeat Working Set Build No key binding No menu Refactor Commands Change Method Signature Alt Shift C Refactor gt Change Method Signature Convert Anonymous Class to Nested No key binding Refactor gt Convert Anonymous Class to Nested Convert Local Variable to Field Alt Shift F Refactor Convert Local Variable to Field Encapsulate Field No key binding Refactor gt Encapsulate Field Extract Constant No key binding Refactor gt Extract Constant Extract Interface No key binding Refactor Extract Interface Extract Local Variable Alt Shift L Refactor Extract Local Variable Extract Method Alt Shift M Refactor Extract Method Generalize Type No key binding Refactor gt Gene
35. array For iterate over array with temporary variable for iterate over collection foreach iterate over an array or Iterable For Q ForEach org apache xalan xsltc compiler a m 2 ii lil m f Figure 24 Editor templates are shorthand for entering boilerplate text e g for loops Selecting the first one will cause code similar to this to appear in the editor for int i 0 i lt array length i Templates 39 www finebook ir The cursor highlights the first variable i If you start typing all three occurrences of that variable will be modified Press ing Tab will cause the variable array to be selected pressing Tab again will put the cursor on the blank line between the braces so you can supply the body of the loop TIP If you try this you may see different variable names Eclipse guesses which variables to use based on the sur rounding code For a list of all predefined templates and to create your own or export them to an XML file see Window gt Preferences gt Java gt Editor gt Templates Automatic Typing Closely related to code assist is a feature called automatic typing If you re following along with the earlier example shown in Figure 23 the text cursor should be positioned after System out Type println that is period println opening parenthesis The Java editor will type the closing parenthesis for you automatically Now type a double
36. at used is Command Default key bindings Main menu path Some commands can be accessed by two or more equivalent key sequences For example the Copy command s key bind ings are listed as Ctrl C Ctrl Insert The vertical bar indicates that either Ctrl C or Ctrl Insert will work 83 www finebook ir Edit Commands Other bindings are actually composed of two keys pressed in sequence For example the key binding for Quick Assist Rename in file is shown as Ctrl 2 R The comma indi cates you should press Ctrl 2 release and then press the R key TIP It sounds more complicated than it really is If you press the first key of a multikey sequence and pause a window will appear to remind you what to press next In the interest of space only key bindings for the default con figuration on Windows are listed Keys for other platforms are similar and you should be able to infer these for your self An Emacs like configuration is also selectable from the Keys Preferences Someone has even written a plug in that supports vi style keystrokes search for it on the plug in sites listed in the Community Web Sites section in Part IX Edit Commands Add Bookmark No key binding Edit Add Bookmark Add Task No key binding Edit gt Add Task Content Assist Ctrl Space Edit gt Content Assist Context Information Ctrl Shift Space Edit Parameter Hints Copy Ctrl C
37. bug Last Launched F11 Run gt Debug Last Launched Debug SWT Application Alt Shift D S Run Debug Debug No key binding Run gt Debug Display Ctrl Shift D Run gt Display EOF Ctrl Z No menu Console view only Execute Ctrl U Run Execute Run DebugCommands 95 www finebook ir Run Debug Commands External Tools No key binding Run gt External Tools gt External Tools Inspect Ctrl Shift 1 Run gt Inspect Profile Last Launched No key binding Run gt Profile Last Launched Profile No key binding Run gt Profile Remove All Breakpoints No key binding Run gt Remove All Breakpoints Resume F8 Run gt Resume Run Ant Build Alt Shift X 0 Run gt Run Run Eclipse Application Alt Shift x E Run gt Run Run Java Applet Alt Shift X A Run gt Run Run Java Application Alt Shift X J Run gt Run Run JUnit Plug in Test Alt Shift X P Run gt Run Run JUnit Test Alt Shift X T Run gt Run Run Last Launched Ctrl F11 Run gt Run Last Launched 96 Commands www finebook ir Run Debug Commands Run Last Launched External Tool No key binding No menu Run SWT Application Alt Shift X S Run gt Run Run to Line Ctrl R Run Run to Line Run No key binding Run gt Run Skip All Breakpoints No key binding Run gt Skip All Breakpoin
38. clipse and other open source projects Apache http www apache org Apache software is used throughout Eclipse and the two projects collaborate in many areas 78 PartIX Help and Community www finebook ir Source Forge http sf net A large and growing number of Eclipse plug ins are being developed in this open source nexus O Reilly Open Source http opensource oreilly com This O Reilly Resource Center provides a broad range of references and links to publications about open source Reporting Bugs The single most important way you can contribute to the Eclipse community is to report every bug you find so they can be fixed All software has bugs but too often users do not take the time to report them Your ideas for enhance ments are also valuable Bug reports and enhancement requests are both stored at eclipse org in an open source tracking system called Bugzilla The only difference between the entries for the two is that all enhancement requests are marked with a severity of enhancement in Bugzilla bug report refers to both types of entries TIP Remember to always use the most recent milestone or stable version of Eclipse you can find Why With a cur rent release you shorten the time between when a bug slips in and when you report that bug making it much easier to diagnose and fix the problem To report a bug or request an enhancement first go to the Eclipse home page http
39. cute doesn t show the return value if any You can execute loops or even call methods in your regular programs from the scrapbook page This is useful for trying out new ideas or just for simple debugging 46 Part VI Tips and Tricks www finebook ir Java Build Path If you ve done any Java programming before you re familiar with the Java classpath a list of directories and JAR files containing Java classes that make up the program Usually this is controlled by an environment variable CLASSPATH or a command line option cp In Eclipse classpath details are a little more complicated The first thing to realize is that Eclipse doesn t use the CLASSPATH environment variable It understands and controls the location of all classes itself Additionally Eclipse makes a distinction between runtime and build compile time In Eclipse terminology classpath refers only to the runtime class list while build path refers to the compile time list These two paths may be different but by default they will both be set to the list you specify in the build path To see the build path right click on your project and select Properties gt Java Build Path A dialog will appear with the tabs described in Table 6 Table 6 Java Build Path tabs Tab name Description Source Tell the Java compiler where your source code is located Each source directory is the root of a package tree You can also control where generated o
40. d Used for keywords within code examples and for text that the user should type literally System Requirements Eclipse runs on today s most popular operating systems including Windows XP Linux and Mac OS X It requires Java to run so if you don t already have Java installed on your machine you must first install a recent version You can down load Java for Windows and Linux from http java sun com look for the J2SE SDK Software Development Kit package without a NetBeans bundle Mac OS X has Java preinstalled See Table 1 for the minimum and recommended system requirements Table 1 System requirements for Eclipse Requirement Minimum Recommended Java version 1 4 0 5 0 or greater Memory 512 MB 1GB or more Free disk space 300 MB 1GB or more Processor speed 800 Mhz 1 5 Ghz or faster 2 Parti Introduction www finebook ir In order to unpack Eclipse s download package you will need a standard archive program Some versions of Win dows have one built in for other versions you can use a pro gram such as WinZip http www winzip com The other platforms come with an archive program preinstalled TIP In the interests of space and simplicity the rest of this book will focus on the Windows version of Eclipse Oth er platforms will be very similar although you may no tice slight platform specific differences Downloading Eclipse To download the Eclipse IDE go to hitp www eclipse org Clic
41. e Java perspective shows the Java source code that defined the current selection Use this view to see the declaration of types and members as you move around your code without having to switch editors The toolbar for the Declaration view contains the single icon shown in Table 13 Table 13 Declaration view toolbar Icon Description cal Open an editor on the input source code TIP The declaration can also be seen by holding down the Ctrl key and hovering the mouse pointer over the type or member in the Java editor Display View The Display view in the Debug perspective shows expres sion results in an unstructured format Use it as a temporary work area in which to place expressions and calculate their values Table 14 shows the commands on the Display view s toolbar Table 14 Display view toolbar Icon Description Q Inspect the selected expression ji Display the selected expression Qj Evaluate the selected expression Ew Erase everything in the Display view 54 PartVil Views www finebook ir There are four different ways to evaluate expressions in the Eclipse debugger Inspect Ctrl Shift I or Run gt Inspect Show the value of an expression in an expandable tree format Optionally copy it into the Expressions view The value is never recalculated Display Ctrl Shift D or Run gt Display Show the value of an expression in a simple string for mat Optionally copy it into the
42. e window shows you all the valid possibilities at this point Type the letter o and the choices will narrow down to out Press Enter to accept this choice Given the long names most Java programs use this can be a real time saver Besides reducing typing code assist is especially handy when you are exploring unfamiliar territory for example making calls to a library you haven t used before Code assist is acti vated automatically by certain keystrokes like the period in the previous example but you can also invoke it at any time by pressing Ctrl Space Edit Content Assist This feature 38 www finebook ir tj public static void main String args System for in o class Class Sys err PrintStream System o in InputStream System out PrintStream System arraycopy Object src int srcPos Object dest int destPos int a 67 crvrentTimeMillic lann Swetem ol 2 Figure 23 Code assist tells you what comes next and displays any Javadoc if the source is available is fully configurable in the Java editor preferences Window Preferences gt Java gt Editor Templates Eclipse provides a shorthand way of entering text called tem plates For example in the Java editor if you type for and press Ctrl Space the code assist window will pop up as before but this time it will display a few templates that start with the word for see Figure 24 For iterate over
43. ea to the left of the source line For this 25 www finebook ir example we want to stop on the System out print1n call so double click in the gutter next to that line A breakpoint indi cator will appear as shown in Figure 17 public static void main 51 Tor int i pr os il System out printli Hello world Figure 17 Set a breakpoint by double clicking to the left of the source line Now press F11 and Eclipse will run your program again in debug mode The breakpoint indicator will change when the class is loaded and the debugger will stop at the line where you added the breakpoint TIP One of the nice things about breakpoints in Eclipse is that they stay with the line even if the line number changes e g due to code being added or removed above it When the breakpoint is reached and the program stops you ll notice several things First Eclipse will switch to the Debug perspective If you see a dialog asking to confirm the perspective switch select Remember my decision and click Yes TIP Using one perspective for coding and another for debug ging is optional but some people like being able to cus tomize their window arrangement for each task You can disable this switching in the Run Debug preferences Window gt Preferences gt Run Debug 26 PartIV Debugging www finebook ir Next several new views will open most importantly the Debug view
44. ective or click on the Open Perspective icon to the right of the main toolbar This will bring up a list of the most com monly used perspectives select Other to see the full list Eclipse comes with several perspectives already defined these are shown in Table 3 Table 3 Built in Eclipse perspectives Perspective Purpose Resource Arrange your files and projects Java Develop programs in the Java language Debug Diagnose and debug problems that occur at runtime Java Browsing Explore your code in a Smalltalk like environment Java Type Hierarchy Explore your code based on class relationships Plug in Development Create add ins to Eclipse CVS Repository Exploring Browse a source code repository including its files and revision history Team Synchronizing Merge changes you ve made with those of your teammates Perspectives 13 www finebook ir Each perspective has a set of views associated with it that are open by default For example the Java perspective starts with the Package Explorer view open If you don t like the default close any views you don t want and open others with Window gt Show View TIP Sometimes Eclipse will offer to switch perspectives for you For example if you re in the Resource perspective and create a Java project it will ask if you d like to switch to the Java perspective Usually the best thing is to an swer Yes and have it remember your decision so it won t ask y
45. editor i Reload the view with the contents of the logfile TIP See Reporting Bugs in Part IX for instructions on how to report problems in Eclipse Expressions View The Expressions view in the Debug perspective shows a list of expressions and their values in the debugger Use it to examine program states persistently as you step through your code and to set breakpoints when fields are accessed or modified This view is similar to the Variables view described later in Part VII except that the Expressions view shows only expressions that you have explicitly added Table 16 describes the Expressions view s toolbar Table 16 Expressions view toolbar Icon Description 4 Show full type names toggle st Show logical structure toggle 56 Part VII Views www finebook ir Table 16 Expressions view toolbar continued Description Collapse all the expanded trees in the view Remove the current expression from the view xD 5 Remove all expressions in the view There are three ways of looking at any expression in the Eclipse IDE this is true for both the Expressions view and the Variables view Literal mode The fields and nothing but the fields Logical mode The way you normally think about the object Details pane The string representation as returned by the toString method Consider a java lang LinkedList object If you look at it lit erally as in Figure 26 you ll see it cont
46. el free to insert a few more assertions in this method or add additional test methods You can also override the setUp and tearDown methods respectively to create and destroy any resources needed by each test such as a network connection or file handle TIP All test methods must start with the word test so JUnit can figure out which methods to run JUnit will ignore any methods in the test class that it doesn t recognize Running Tests To run the test case right click on FactorialTest java and select Run As gt JUnit Test The JUnit view appears and your tests are off and running In this case a red progress bar 34 PartV Unit Testing with JUnit www finebook ir and a special icon next to the view title indicate that some thing went wrong see Figure 22 yin JUnit X LOB ABA TO inished after 0 03 seconds Runs 1 1 E Errors 0 H Failures 1 g Failures pe Hierarchy xg testFactorial org eclipseguide FactorialTest Failure Trace EJE junit Framework AssertionFailedError expected lt 1 0 gt A at org eclipseguide FactorialTest testFactorial Factorie at sum reflect NativeMethod ccessorImpl invoke N t s f gt Figure 22 The JUnit view shows a summary of the last test run If you double click on the test class or method name in the Failures list Eclipse will open that test in the editor Double click on a line in the Failure
47. ere is a web based interface for the forums the best way to participate is to use a rich client news reader such as Thunderbird http www mozilla org products thunderbird Enter the news server name news eclipse org the userid and the password in the appropriate place for your reader Here are a few newsgroups that I recommend you start with eclipse newcomer Ask guestions about downloading installing and get ting started with Eclipse in this newsgroup eclipse platform Come here to participate in technical discussions about how to use or extend Eclipse Newsgroups 81 www finebook ir eclipse platform jdt This group is for technical discussions about how to use the Java Development Tools eclipse foundation This forum is for general discussions pertaining to the Eclipse Foundation and its communities and governance eclipse commercial This group is intended to allow commercial vendors to post product releases and information about commercial products based on Eclipse Mailing Lists For the most part mailing lists at eclipse org are intended for use by developers working on day to day development of Eclipse itself The development mailing lists are the way design and implementation issues are discussed and deci sions voted on by the committers developers who ve earned write access to the source repository Anyone can listen in but questions and discussions about using Eclipse and Eclipse based tools o
48. est snippets of code without all the trappings of normal Java code In some ways it s like working in a scripting language but you have the full expressiveness of Java in addition to being able to make calls into any of your code or any of the system libraries To create a scrapbook page select File gt New gt Other gt Java gt Java Run Debug gt Scrapbook Page Enter the name of the page for example test and click Finish or just press Enter A new editor page will open for test jpage In the blank scrapbook page try typing in an expression like 123 456 press Ctrl A to select the expression and press Ctrl ShifttD Run gt Display to run it and display the result The answer in this case is int 0 because both num bers are integers and the result was truncated Note that the result is selected so you can copy it quickly or press Back space to remove it from the page Next try entering Math PI and displaying its result This works because the scrapbook page already has all the system libraries imported including the Math class If you need a par ticular import you can bring up the context menu and select Set Imports Let s try something a little more complicated Type in this snippet of code double d 3 14 System out print1n d Now select the snippet and press Ctrl U Run gt Execute to execute it The output will appear in the Console window Execute is exactly like Display except that Exe
49. from failure tracebacks x Compare the expected and actual values on a JUnit assertion string values only Use the JUnit preference page Window Preferences gt Java gt JUnit to configure the list of stack frames to filter out Navig ator View The Navigator view in the Resource perspective shows all projects in the workspace as they exist on disk Use it to see the literal directories and files Contrast this with the Pack age Explorer view which shows a Java centric representa tion Table 22 describes the Navigator view s toolbar Table 22 Navigator view toolbar Description Go back in the navigator history Go forward in the navigator history Go up to the parent directory Collapse all the expanded trees in this view Link selections with the editor Navigator View 61 www finebook ir Right click on a directory and select Go Into to focus on that directory Then you can use the Back Forward and Up tool bar buttons to move around in the tree Outline View The Outline view in the Java and Debug perspectives shows a tree representation of the resource being edited Use it to quickly find the major elements of your class and study the overall API you have designed In order for the outline to appear the current editor must support it Table 23 describes the Outline view s toolbar Table 23 Outline toolbar Description Sort members alphabetically toggle Show hide f
50. g cdt http www gnu org AspectJ The Eclipse project is the home of AspectJ an aspect oriented extension to the Java language along with the AspectJ Devel opment Toolkit AJDT which integrates the language into the Eclipse IDE AspectJ provides clean modularization of crosscutting concerns such as error checking monitoring and logging A related project the Concern Manipulation Environment CME aims to bring some elements of aspect programming to pure Java Aspect 71 www finebook ir Web sites http www eclipse org aspectj http www eclipse org cme Plug in Development Under the covers Eclipse is a completely modular system with dozens if not hundreds of plug ins working together on top of a small dynamic runtime Each plug in defines public extension points which are like the sockets on a power strip Other plug ins contribute extensions that well plug into those sockets Thus the system organically grows functionality as more plug ins are added At the same time the runtime is scalable so you never have to worry about blowing a fuse The Plug in Development Environment PDE bundled with the Eclipse SDK lets you define your own plug ins in order to extend Eclipse PDE supports defining and using extension points debugging your plug ins packaging and more TIP The source code for Eclipse is freely available in fact it s bundled with the SDK package you installed This is a great res
51. he bot tom half of the window where you can change it Save the new value by pressing Ctrl S or right click and select Assign Value 28 PartIV Debugging www finebook ir variables 53 N Breakpoints 4 st G 7 Oo args String 0 id 11 i 4 Figure 19 The Variables view shows all the values in scope Changes since the last step or resume are highlighted in red TIP When you are coding try to use the smallest possible scope for your local variables For example instead of de claring all your variables at the top of a function declare them inside the statement blocks curly braces where they are actually used Besides being a good program ming practice this will limit the number of items dis played in the Variables view Another way to see the value of a particular variable is to move your cursor over it in the source editor After a short pause a tool tip window will appear with the value See Figure 20 for an example public static void main String ars for int i 0 i lt 10 i fargs String 0 Gd 11 System out println Press F2 for focus Hello world i Figure 20 Hover the mouse over a variable in the Java editor to see its current value What if you need to see the value of a Java expression No problem just use the mouse or keyboard to select the expres sion in the editor then press Ctrl Shift D or right click and
52. ields toggle Show hide statics toggle Mn EE Show hide nonpublic members toggle Show hide local types toggle x TIP Press Ctrl O in the Java editor to show the outline in a searchable pop up window Package Explorer View The Package Explorer view in the Java perspective shows all projects in the workspace using logical Java groupings Use it as your primary window into the world of your Java source code Table 24 shows the Package Explorer view s toolbar 62 PartVil Views www finebook ir Table 24 Package Explorer toolbar Icon Description e Go back in the Package Explorer history gt Go forward in the Package Explorer history ql Go up to the parent directory E Collapse all the expanded trees in this view 5 Link selections with the editor The Package Explorer view is a much more powerful version of the Navigator view custom tailored for Java develop ment The main difference is that the Package Explorer understands Java source directories and packages For exam ple suppose your project has a package named a b c You will see the package a b c in the Package Explorer view while in the Navigator view you will see the directory tree a containing b containing c Views such as the Package Explorer support thousands of icon variations made from combining base icons for simple objects like packages and files with decorator icons also known as decorations for errors
53. imple Factorial Demo 32 Creating Test Cases 33 vi Contents www finebook ir Running Tests 34 Test First 36 Part VI Tips and Tricks Code Assist 38 Templates 39 Automatic Typing 40 Refactoring 41 Hover Help 42 Hyperlinks 43 Quick Fixes 43 Searching 44 Scrapbook Pages 46 Java Build Path 47 Launch Configurations 48 Part VII Views Breakpoints View 50 Console View 52 Debug View 53 Declaration View 54 Display View 54 www finebook ir Contents vii Error Log View 55 Expressions View 56 Hierarchy View 58 Javadoc View 60 JUnit View 60 Navigator View 61 Outline View 62 Package Explorer View 62 Problems View 64 Search View 65 Tasks View 66 Variables View 67 Part VIII Short Takes CVS 68 Ant 69 Web Tools Platform 70 Testing and Performance 70 Visual Editor 71 C C Development 71 Aspect 71 viii Contents www finebook ir Plug in Development 72 Rich Client Platform 73 Standard Widget Toolkit 73 Part IX Help and Community Online Help 75 Getting Help 75 Help Topics 76 Eclipse Web Site 76 Community Web Sites 78 Reporting Bugs 79 New Account 80 Searching 80 Adding an Entry 80 Newsgroups 81 Mailing Lists 82 Conclusion 82 Appendix Commands 83 Index 113 Contents ix www finebook ir PART Introduction Welcome to the pocket guide for the Eclipse Integrated Development Environment This book is the ultimate no fluff user s manual for the
54. ith a capital letter For this example enter Hello Under the section of the dialog that asks which method stubs you would like to create select the option to create public static void main String args Leave the rest of the options set to their default values and click Finish Eclipse will generate the code for the class for you this generated class is shown in Figure 14 and open the Java editor with your new class in view TIP Whenever Eclipse generates code it inserts TODO com ments to indicate the places you need to edit Every place in the code that has a TODO comment is listed in the Tasks view see Part VII Entering Code You could run the program now but it wouldn t be very interesting So let s add a few lines to print something out Start by deleting the generated comment that says TODO Auto generated method stub EnteringCode 21 www finebook ir Package Explorer X E Hello B E src a org er mA JRE System Library JRE Figure 14 Now the package has a file in it You can further expand the file to see its classes Then replace it with this code for int i 0 i lt 10 i System out println Hello world i When you re done the Java editor should look similar to Figure 15 D Hello java X tt t Gparam args public static void main String args for int i 0 i lt 10 i System out println Hell
55. ject 70 Index 117 www finebook ir
56. k on downloads and then select the most recent stable or release version of the Eclipse SDK for your platform If prompted for a mirror site pick the one located closest to you If that one is slow or unavailable simply return to the download page and try a different mirror or try the main site TIP You may see other download packages such as Runtime JDT and RCP on the download page You don t need those Just get the one package called Eclipse SDK Installing Eclipse First install Java if you haven t already Then download the Eclipse SDK to a temporary directory Use your archive pro gram to unpack Eclipse into a permanent directory There are no setup programs and no registry values to deal with Installing Eclipse 3 www finebook ir After you have unpacked the SDK you should have a subdi rectory called eclipse which in turn has directories in it such as plugins and features If you don t see these check the set tings on your archive program A common mistake is to unpack Eclipse in such a way that its directory structure is not preserved Eclipse won t run unless you unpack it with the exact directory paths that exist in the archive 3 2 1 Launch You are now ready to launch Eclipse Inside the eclipse direc tory you ll find a launcher program for the IDE called strangely enough eclipse or eclipse exe Invoke that pro gram to bring up the IDE TIP On Windows you may find it c
57. kit The Eclipse user interface is written in Java using the Stan dard Widget Toolkit SWT SWT uses the native facilities of your operating system to achieve high performance and fidel ity indistinguishable from that of C based applications You can use the same toolkit for your own applications Standard Widget Toolkit 73 www finebook ir SWT is one of the three main GUI toolkits supported by Java The other two are AWT and Swing SWT provides lim ited interoperability with these allowing you to host AWT and Swing controls inside a SWT application On Windows SWT can even host ActiveX and NET controls SWT is unique in its ability to bring these worlds together A framework called JFace is often used with SWT to provide higher level concepts such as viewers actions and wizards Both SWT and JFace are included with the Eclipse SDK and RCP packages Online help Help gt Help Contents gt Platform Plug in Developer Guide gt Standard Widget Toolkit Web site http www eclipse org swt 74 Part VIII Short Takes www finebook ir PART IX Help and Community Welcome to the Eclipse community Membership is free and you ve already taken the first steps by installing the software and reading this guide To help you go further online help web sites articles and other resources are available to assist you as are thousands of Eclipse enthusiasts from around the world Online Help Eclipse provides
58. l plug ins you have installed for Eclipse will need to be reinstalled at this point unless you keep them in an extension location separate from the Eclipse SDK Moving On Congratulations you ve successfully downloaded installed and started exploring Eclipse In Part II you ll learn what all the windows and buttons are for and how to set up the envi ronment just the way you like it If you want to skip ahead and start writing a Java program jump to Part IIL 6 Partl Introduction www finebook ir PART Il Workbench 101 Eclipse s main window called the workbench is built with a few common user interface elements see Figure 2 Learn how to use them and you can get the most out of the IDE The two most important elements are views and editors If you re already familiar with the Eclipse workbench you can skim this section or skip to Part III to start programming Java Hello java Eclipse SDK File Edit Source Refactor Navigate Search Project Run Window vel 3 iwo Si 0 Q BPO BF H Package Explorer 2 Hierarchy D E EERE E Hello yee CEG ODEDE S org ecipseguide l D Hello java S public static void main String al BA JRE System Library IRE ff TODO Auto generated method EL Problems 3 Javadoc Declaration D errors 0 warnings 0 infos Description Resource In Folder 1 Editor 3 Menu bar 5 Perspectives 2 Fast views 4 Tool bars 6 Views
59. lug ins awards and much more Search Locate any page at eclipse org including newsgroup and mailing list archives Bugs Find or report bugs and enhancement requests Eclipse Web Site 77 www finebook ir Community Web Sites Many individuals and companies have created web sites to address particular needs of the community Here are a few of the most popular ones More can be found in the Commu nity Resources area of the eclipse org web site EclipseZone http www eclipsezone com An online community by and for Eclipse users every where Planet Eclipse http planeteclipse org Planet Eclipse is a window into the world work and lives of Eclipse users and contributors Plug ins Registry http eclipse plugins info This is a nonprofit registry of Eclipse plug ins created and maintained by Eclipse users Eclipse Plugin Central http eclipseplugincentral com This site offers a plug in directory reviews ratings news forums and listings for products and services Eclipse Wiki http eclipse wiki info This user editable web site has FAQs tips tricks and other useful information IBM AlphaWorks http alphaworks ibm com eclipse Part of IBM s emerging technologies web site this is ded icated to Eclipse and WebSphere related projects and plug ins IBM developerWorks http ibm com developerworks opensource developerWorks hosts a variety of tutorials articles and related information on E
60. ndard tools cover ing HTML XML XSD etc and Java standard tools for JSPs EJBs and so forth This project supports web service development server management debugging code on the server and more Web site http www eclipse org webtools Testing and Performance The Test and Performance Tools Platform TPTP who makes up these acronyms provides tools and technologies that bring together traditional profiling monitoring tracing and testing For example you can use it to correlate CPU usage on one machine with events logged by another Web site http www eclipse org tptp 70 Part VIII Short Takes www finebook ir Visual Editor The Visual Editor project lets you create graphical user inter faces for your programs It supports round tripping which means you can edit your interface in visual mode using drag and drop switch to source mode to make a few changes switch back and continue seamlessly Web site http www eclipse org ve C C Development Java isn t the only language that the Eclipse IDE supports The C C Development Toolkit CDT comes with every thing you need for C C development except the tool chain itself i e the compiler linker and debugger CDT works with a variety of tools from various embedded systems ven dors for ordinary desktop applications you can download and use the free gcc compiler and gdb debugger from the GNU project Web sites http www eclipse or
61. nebook ir 0 O Reilly Open Source web site 79 online help system 31 75 Outline view 8 62 P Package Explorer view 8 62 64 creating packages 20 Java Build Path and 48 PDE Plug in Development Environment 72 PDE Guide 76 Perspective commands 91 perspectives in Eclipse 13 Planet Eclipse web site 78 Platform Plug in Developer Guide 76 Plug in Development Environment PDE 72 Plug in Development perspective 13 Plug ins Registry web site 78 Problems view 8 64 Project commands 92 projects creating 18 properties of breakpoints 51 0 Ouick Fix command 36 44 R RCP Rich Client Platform 73 rearranging views editors 14 16 red sguiggles error indicators in code 43 Refactor Java commands 93 refactoring 41 reformatting code 23 regression testing framework JUnit 32 37 Resource perspective 13 Navigator view in 61 Rich Client Platform RCP 73 round tripping supported by Visual Editor project 71 Run Last Launched command 24 Run Debug commands 26 94 98 running programs 23 changing code on the fly 30 S scrapbook pages 46 Display view and 55 Search command 45 Search commands 98 100 Search view 65 setUp 34 Show Monitors option in Debug view menu 53 Source commands 100 102 Source Forge web site 79 stable builds 5 stack tracebacks and Console views 52 Standard Widget Toolkit SWT 73 Step Into command 28
62. nebook ir CVS Editors No key binding Window gt Show View gt Other gt CVS gt CVS Editors CVS Repositories No key binding Window gt Show View Other CVS gt CVS Repositories CVS Resource History No key binding Window Show View gt Other CVS gt CVS Resource History Debug No key binding Window gt Show View gt Debug Display No key binding Window gt Show View gt Display Error Log No key binding Window gt Show View gt Error Log Expressions No key binding Window gt Show View gt Expressions Java Call Hierarchy No key binding Window Show View gt Other gt Java gt Call Hierarchy Java Declaration Alt Shift Q D Window Show View Declaration Java Members No key binding Window Show View lt Other Java Browsing gt Members Java Package Explorer Alt Shift Q P Window gt Show View Package Explorer Java Packages No key binding Window Show View gt Other gt Java Browsing gt Packages 108 Commands www finebook ir Java Projects No key binding Window Show View gt Other gt Java Browsing gt Projects Java Type Hierarchy Alt Shift Q T Window gt Show View gt Hierarchy Java Types No key binding Window gt Show View gt Other Java Browsing gt Types Javadoc Alt Shift Q J Window Show View Javadoc JUnit No key binding Window Show View
63. ng so by the time you read this you may be able to find downloads that combine parts of the Eclipse SDK with plug ins for a specific task for example web development In addition you can find hundreds of plug ins that extend Eclipse by searching the community web sites listed in Part IX To find out more about any of these features see the online help topic or web sites listed in the following sections Note that when you install a plug in it will often add a new sec tion to the Help Contents that explains how to use it CVS CVS is a popular source management system for projects and teams of any size You use a CVS repository to hold the evolv ing versions of your code tools scripts documentation and 68 www finebook ir so forth The Eclipse IDE comes with excellent CVS integra tion which makes sense as CVS is currently used in the development of all Eclipse projects Use the CVS Repository Exploring perspective to see the con tents of a CVS repository There you can define the server location and view or check out make a local copy of the code Eclipse provides a variety of options to keep your local copy up to date with repository changes including addi tional views in the Team Synchronizing perspective A ter rific compare and merge utility one of my favorite features in Eclipse makes handling conflicts easy A history of all changes for a specific file resource can be seen in the CVS Resource
64. o grams that were launched by Eclipse Use it to pause pro gram execution view tracebacks and locate the cause of deadlocks more on this shortly Table 12 shows the com mands on the Debug view s toolbar Table 12 Debug view toolbar Icon Description o gt Continue running a program or thread that was previously paused uu Pause the current program or thread Terminate the current program oy Disconnect from a remote debugger Ze Remove all record of previously terminated programs R Single step into method calls Single step over method calls Continue execution until the current method returns Rewind execution to the beginning of the selected stack frame requires VM 7 support P Enable disable step filters toggle Step filters prevent you from having to stop in classes packages initializers or constructors that you don t find interesting The list of filters is configured in Window gt Preferences gt Java Debug gt Step Filtering One option in the Debug view menu deserves a special men tion Show Monitors Monitors are Java thread synchroniza tion points Deadlocks occur when one thread is waiting on a monitor that will never be released When you turn on the Show Monitors option the Debug view will display a list of monitors owned or waited on by each thread Any dead locks will be highlighted Debug View 53 www finebook ir Declaration View The Declaration view in th
65. o worl m gt Figure 25 You can preview the changes that any of Eclipse s refactorings would make Development User Guide under Reference Refactoring for more information Hover Help You ve seen that code assist is a good way to explore an unfamiliar API Another useful tool is hover help To use hover help simply move the mouse cursor over a symbol you want to know more about and pause for a moment For example try hovering over println in System out println A little pop up window will appear giving you a short descrip tion of the method For best results you need access to the source code of the symbol you are examining For Java library methods the source comes with the JDK J2SE SDK package Eclipse can usually figure out how to find this source code on its own but see Window Preferences gt Java Installed JREs to configure the JDK s location 42 Part VI Tips and Tricks www finebook ir If you are using code from a third party JAR file the source is often provided in a separate file or a subdirectory You can tell Eclipse about this location by right clicking on the JAR file in the Package Explorer and selecting Properties Java Source Attachment If you don t have the source code but you have the API doc umentation Javadoc in HTML form select the symbol you want information on and press Shift F2 Navigate gt Open External Javadoc To make this work you ha
66. o world i Figure 15 This is 10 times better than the usual Hello world program 22 Partlll Java Done Quick www finebook ir The editor looks innocent enough but through its clever use of colors and annotations the window is quietly conveying a great deal of information A large number of options to con trol this information can be found under Window gt Prefer ences gt Java gt Editor TIP Press Ctrl Shift F or select Source Format to refor mat your code and fix any indentation and spacing prob lems Do this early and often If you d like you can customize the formatting rules in the Java preferences Running the Program Press Ctrl S or select File Save to write the code to disk and compile it In the Package Explorer right click on Hello java and select Run As gt Java Application The pro gram will run and the Console view will open to show the output see Figure 16 world world world world world world Figure 16 Isn t this exciting Running the Program 23 www finebook ir That s it You ve written compiled and run your first pro gram in Eclipse in just a few minutes Now try it again and see if you can do it in under a minute My record is 35 sec onds Go ahead I ll wait TIP After you have run the program once you can press Ctrl F11 Run gt Run Last Launched or click on the Run icon in the t
67. on them Usually toolbars appear near the top of the window that contains them A collection of toolbars is called a cool bar see Figure 9 in HO O Qa isec Figure 9 A coolbar is made up of toolbars You reorder the individual toolbars by clicking and dragging the separators between them TIP Most Eclipse documentation uses the term toolbar to re fer to both toolbars and coolbars so the rest of this book will do the same unless it s necessary to make a special distinction between the two In the Views section you saw some examples of toolbars that were part of views The toolbar at the top of the Work bench window is called the main toolbar seen back in 12 Partll Workbench 101 www finebook ir Figure 2 As you edit different files the main toolbar will change to show tools that apply to the current editor Perspectives A perspective is a set of views editors and toolbars along with their arrangement on your desktop Think of a perspec tive as a way of looking at your work that is optimized for a specific kind of task such as writing programs As you perform a task you may rearrange windows open new views and so on Your arrangement is saved under the current perspective The next time you have to perform the same kind of task simply switch to that perspective and Eclipse will put everything back the way you left it To switch perspectives select Window gt Open Persp
68. onvenient to create a desktop shortcut to launch Eclipse Specify a Workspace The first time you start Eclipse you will be prompted for the location of your workspace The workspace is the location where your source code and other files and settings will be stored on your workstation Specify a permanent location somewhere not in your install directory preferably a loca tion that will be backed up regularly Putting the workspace in a different place from where you installed Eclipse makes upgrades easier See the Getting Upgrades section later in Part I for more information Exploring Eclipse When Eclipse starts up you will be greeted with the Wel come screen see Figure 1 This screen provides an introduc tion for new users who don t have the benefit of a pocket guide to Eclipse for now you can skip over it by closing the 4 Partl Introduction www finebook ir Welcome view click on the close icon the x next to the word Welcome You can always come back to the Wel come screen later by selecting Welcome from the Help menu Jaya Eclipse SDK File Edt Navigate Search Project Run Window Help Welcome to Eclipse 3 1 AM eclipse Figure 1 The Welcome screen allows you to explore introductory material including examples and tutorials Getting Upgrades Eclipse includes an automatic update facility that can handle point releases i e bug fix versions without any
69. oolbar to run it again Now that you re ready to write the next killer app what s the rest of the book for Part IV will introduce you to your new best pal the Java debugger If your programs never have any bugs ahem you can skip ahead to Part V to learn about unit testing or Part VI to pick up a few tips about using the IDE 24 Partili Java Done Quick www finebook ir PART IV Debugging Let s face it all but the most trivial programs have bugs in them Eclipse provides a powerful debugger to help you find and eliminate those bugs quickly This part of the book will give you a head start in understanding how to use the Eclipse debugger Running the Debugger Running your program under the control of the debugger is similar to running it normally Right click on the file contain ing your main method Hello java and select Debug As gt Java Application Or if you have run or debugged the pro gram before just press F11 or select Run gt Debug Last Launched or click on the Debug button in the main toolbar Go ahead and try that now What happened The program ran to completion and sent its output to the Console view just as if you had run the class normally You have to set a breakpoint to actually take advantage of the debugger Setting Breakpoints A breakpoint is a marker you place on a line of code where you want the debugger to pause execution To set one double click in the gutter ar
70. ools PDE Guide Describes how to use the plug in development environ ment included in the Eclipse SDK TIP Depending on your options some of these topics may be hidden Click the Show All Topics button to see them all Eclipse Web Site The official Eclipse web site http www eclipse org is your best source of information on Eclipse the platform the IDE and the community The design of this site may change over time but as of this writing the major sections are 76 PartIX Help and Community www finebook ir About us Learn about the Eclipse project how it got started who is involved in it how the governance works legal ques tions logo programs and so forth Projects Eclipse development is split into top level projects sub projects and components On the Projects page you can see how all this is organized Drill down to get to FAQs documentation source code etc Download This area should be familiar from Part I It s where you ll find the latest prebuilt versions of Eclipse Articles The articles section is full of technical information for developers using or extending Eclipse Consider writing an article yourself to add to the community knowledge base Newsgroups The main user forums are found here see the News groups section later in this chapter Community This is where you ll find out about conferences user groups web sites books courses free and commercial p
71. ooltip Description Toggle Insert Mode Ctrl Shift Insert Edit gt Smart Insert Mode Undo Ctrl Z Edit gt Undo Word Completion Alt Edit Word Completion 86 Commands www finebook ir File Commands File Commands Close Ctrl F4 Ctrl W File gt Close Close All Ctrl Shift F4 Ctrl Shift W File gt Close All Convert Line Delimiters to Mac OS 9 No key binding File gt Convert Line Delimiters To Mac OS 9 Convert Line Delimiters to Unix No key binding File gt Convert Line Delimiters To gt Unix Convert Line Delimiters to Windows No key binding File gt Convert Line Delimiters To gt Windows Exit No key binding File gt Exit Export No key binding File Export Import No key binding File gt Import Move No key binding File gt Move New Ctrl N File gt New gt Other New menu Alt Shift N File gt New Open File No key binding File Open File FileCommands 87 www finebook ir Help Commands Open Workspace No key binding File Switch Workspace Print Ctrl P File gt Print Properties Alt Enter File gt Properties Refresh F5 File gt Refresh Remove Trailing Whitespace No key binding No menu Rename F2 File gt Rename Revert No key binding File gt Revert Save Ctrl S File gt Save Save All Ctrl Shift File gt Save All Save
72. or No key binding Window gt Navigation gt Minimize Active View or Editor 110 Commands www finebook ir Window Commands New Editor No key binding Window New Editor New Window No key binding Window New Window Next Editor Ctrl F6 Window Navigation gt Next Editor Next Perspective Ctrl F8 Window Navigation gt Next Perspective Next View Ctrl F7 Window gt Navigation gt Next View Open Editor Drop Down Ctrl E Window gt Navigation Switch to Editor Pin Editor No key binding Available on editor system menu Preferences No key binding Window Preferences Previous Editor Ctrl Shift F6 Window gt Navigation gt Previous Editor Previous Perspective Ctrl Shift F8 Window gt Navigation Previous Perspective Previous View Ctrl Shift F7 Window gt Navigation Previous View Reset Perspective No key binding Window gt Reset Perspective Window Commands 111 www finebook ir Window Commands Save Perspective As No key binding Window gt Save Perspective As Show Key Assist Ctrl Shift L Help gt Key Assist Show Ruler Context Menu Ctrl F10 No menu Show Selected Element Only No key binding No menu Show System Menu Alt Window gt Navigation Show System Menu Show View Menu Ctrl F10 Window gt Navigation Show View Menu Switch to Editor Ctrl Shift E Window gt Navigation gt
73. otherwise pick Platform On the next page select a component If you re not sure click on the help link or just take a guess Enter a one line description of the issue in the Summary field and a more detailed description in the Description field When reporting a bug supply the steps that someone else will need to follow to reproduce the problem 80 PartIX Help and Community www finebook ir Often when there s a bug in Eclipse the system will record an event in the Eclipse error log This record contains impor tant information that can help the developers diagnose the problem Locate the event in the Error Log view discussed in Part VII and paste it at the end of the Description field Click the Commit button to complete the report At the time of this writing I ve personally entered 367 bug reports including 106 enhancement requests 268 of these entries have been resolved In addition I m cc d on 437 bugs and have commented on 659 While you might not become that involved I challenge you to play your part in improving Eclipse Newsgroups Eclipse user forums are hosted on eclipse org using ordinary newsgroups All newsgroup content is protected by a pass word in order to control spam To get the password go to the Eclipse home page and select the newsgroups user forum link you should see a link to request a password Submit your information and the password will be mailed to you Although th
74. ou again Perspectives are there for your convenience Feel free to cus tomize them all you want To restore a perspective to its fac tory default select Window Reset Perspective To save your perspective under a different name select Window gt Save Perspective As The new perspective will show up in the Window gt Open Perspective gt Other menu Rearranging Views and Editors Views and editors can be shown side by side or stacked on top of other views and editors To move a view or editor simply click on its titlebar and drag it to a new location see Figure 10 The only restrictions are that editors have to stay in their own rectangular area and they can t be mixed with views However you can arrange the views around the edi tors and you can even drag views outside of the main Eclipse window these are called tear off views You can also col lapse a view to an icon on the edge of the window this is called a fast view Pay close attention to the changing cursor as you drag a win dow the cursor shape indicates where the window will end up when you let go of the mouse button Table 4 shows the cursor shapes and what they mean 14 Partll Workbench 101 www finebook ir Package Explorer X S E Hello a e src B org ecipseguide aD GMA JRE System Library JRE B src B org ecli JRE k Hierarchy z Hello BER fk Ely Gp Helo a object
75. ource for learning plug in programming File gt Import gt External Plug ins and Fragments brings parts of the code into your workspace Online help Help gt Help Contents gt Platform Plug in Developer Guide Web sites http www eclipse org articles http www ibm com developerworks 72 Part VIII Short Takes www finebook ir Rich Client Platform Because of the flexible open source license under which Eclipse is released you can use Eclipse code and technolo gies in your own programs even if they are not open source A subset of the Eclipse SDK called the Rich Client Platform RCP provides basic functionality common to most desktop applications such as windowing and menu support online help user preferences and more By building your own cus tom application on top of this framework you can cut the development time of your projects significantly Since Eclipse technology is all based on plug ins the PDE is used to write RCP programs You can brand your applica tions with custom icons window titles and a splash screen and you can deploy them via traditional zip files profes sional installers or even JNLP A number of templates and tutorials are available Online help Help gt Help Contents gt Platform Plug in Developer Guide gt Building a Rich Client Platform application Web sites http www eclipse org rcp http www eclipse org legal http www eclipsepowered org Standard Widget Tool
76. pe of editor open for example several Java editors Also you can save or revert an editor s contents but not a view s An asterisk in the editor s titlebar indicates that the editor has unsaved data Select File Save or press Ctrl S to write your changes to disk Editors 9 www finebook ir D Hello java X public static void main String System out print ln f Figure 5 The Java editor provides typing assistance and immediate error detection Menus Eclipse is filled with menus yet it s not always obvious how to access them So let s take a quick tour The most promi nent one is the main menu across the top of the Eclipse win dow Click on a menu item to activate it or press Alt and the shortcut key for the menu for example Alt F for the File menu Some views have view menus that open when you click on the downward pointing triangle icon near the upper right of the view see Figure 6 for an example al Go Into Top Level Type Link With Editor t v Figure 6 If you see a triangle in the toolbar click on it for more options Another menu is hidden in the titlebar under the icon to the left of the title Right click on the icon to access the system menu this allows you to close the view or editor move it around and so forth The system menu is shown in Figure 7 10 Partll Workbench 101 www finebook ir Fast View g De
77. quote and the closing quote appears Type in some text and then press the Tab key Tab advances to the next valid place for input which is after the closing quote Hit Tab again and the cursor advances to the end Type a semicolon to finish the statement TIP Code assist and automatic typing take a little getting used to At first you may be tempted to turn them off but I suggest you give it time and try to learn to work with them After a while you ll wonder how you ever got by without the extra support 40 Part VI Tips and Tricks www finebook ir Refactoring Refactoring means transforming code without changing its functionality Consider renaming which is the simplest form of refactoring If you rename a local variable from rose to daisy it would smell as sweet Much has been written on refactoring such as Refactoring Improving the Design of Existing Code Addison Wesley Before Eclipse and similar tools were available program mers had to do refactoring manually or with simple text sub stitutions For example in the vi editor running the command 1 s rose daisy g will replace rose with daisy everywhere in the current file If you ve ever tried this you know it s usually a bad idea Your simple search and replace operation can change more than just the variable you intended even with a clever substi tution string Plus if you need to change multiple files you ll have to go to a
78. r developing plug ins should be posted to one of the newsgroups listed previously Conclusion Eclipse is not just an IDE for Java developers though that s how most people are introduced to it Eclipse technology is used by everyone from office secretaries running custom RCP applications to NASA scientists planning Mars Rover missions seriously From the hobbyist to the professional from casual users to committers Eclipse appeals to all of us for different reasons but we re all part of the community and we all have something important to contribute See you online 82 PartIX Help and Community www finebook ir APPENDIX Commands Eclipse supports over 350 commands for all aspects of edit ing running and debugging programs Most of these can be found on a menu or submenu inside Eclipse while some are bound to keystrokes Then there are the ones that are not normally accessible at all In order to run those you must first bind them to a key Window gt Preferences gt General gt Keys TIP Press Ctrl Shift L Help Key Assist to see a quick list of the currently defined keys This appendix lists most of the commands available in Eclipse along with their key bindings and menu paths if any Commands are organized into categories such as Edit and File just as you would see them listed in the Keys Prefer ences Within each category the commands are listed in alphabetical order The form
79. ralize Type Infer Generic Type Arguments No key binding Refactor Infer Generic Type Arguments RefactorCommands 93 www finebook ir Run Debug Commands Inline Alt Shift 1 Refactor Inline Introduce Factory No key binding Refactor Introduce Factory Introduce Parameter No key binding Refactor gt Introduce Parameter Move Refactoring Alt Shift V Refactor gt Move Move Member Type to New File No key binding Refactor gt Move Member Type to New File Pull Up No key binding Refactor gt Pull Up Push Down No key binding Refactor gt Push Down Rename Refactoring Alt Shift R Refactor gt Rename Show Refactor Quick Menu Alt Shift T No menu Use Supertype Where Possible No key binding Refactor gt Use Supertype Where Possible Run Debug Commands Add Class Load Breakpoint No key binding Run Add Class Load Breakpoint Add Java Exception Breakpoint No key binding Run gt Add Java Exception Breakpoint 94 Commands www finebook ir Run Debug Commands Debug Ant Build Alt Shift D 0 Run Debug Debug Eclipse Application Alt Shift D E Run Debug Debug Java Applet Alt Shift D A Run gt Debug Debug Java Application Alt Shift D J Run gt Debug Debug JUnit Plug in Test Alt Shift D P Run Debug Debug JUnit Test Alt Shift D T Run gt Debug De
80. roject or any subset called a working set that you define To do this kind of search select Search gt File Eclipse can also do a full language aware search Since Eclipse has its own built in Java compiler it understands the difference between say a method named fact and a field named fact or even between two methods that have the same names but take different parameters such as fact int and fact double This kind of search is available by select ing Search gt Java These searches and more are accessible through the Search dialog 4 Ctrl H or Search gt Search The most common variations also have direct menus or shortcuts of their own For example to find all references to a symbol select the symbol and press Ctrl Shift G or Search gt References gt Workspace To find the symbol s declaration press Ctrl G Search gt Declarations Workspace To find only those places where the symbol is modified try Search Write Access gt Workspace TIP Current versions of Eclipse don t allow you to perform searches on arbitrary files in the filesystem but you can use an advanced option under File gt New gt Folder to link outside directories into your workspace and then search them All search results will appear naturally enough in the Search view See Part VII for more details on that view Searching 45 www finebook ir Scrapbook Pages A scrapbook page is a way to create and t
81. s TIP See Quick Fixes in Part VI for more information Search View The Search view in the Java perspective shows the results of any search operation Use it to filter and select just the matches you re interested in Table 28 describes the Search view toolbar Table 28 Search view toolbar Icon Description fb Go to next match T Go to previous match x Remove selected match es from the view e Remove all matches from the view F Expand the search tree El Collapse the search tree Search View 65 www finebook ir Table 28 Search view toolbar continued Icon Description Stop a running search P Go back to a previous search in the history Group by project EB Group by package Ji Group by file Group by type The Search view can show its results in either flat mode a plain listing or hierarchical mode an expandable tree The grouping actions in the toolbar are only available in hierar chical mode Use the View menu to change modes Tasks View The Tasks view in the Java perspective lists all the markers placed in your source code Markers are reminders that you or Eclipse add to the code to indicate something that needs your attention later They can be added manually Edit gt Add Bookmark or Edit gt Add Task but more com monly the compiler adds them when it encounters a special comment in your code like this TODO Revisit this later The commen
82. section in Part I You can import an exist ing project but for this exercise we ll make one from scratch To create a project select File New Project and then double click Java Project This opens the New Java Project wizard see Figure 11 3 For Project name type in something original like Hello Under Project layout enable the Create separate source and output folders option TIP As a best practice always use separate directories for the source and output folders 18 www finebook ir New Java Project Create a Java project Create a Java project in the workspace or in an external location Project name Hello Contents Create new project in workspace O Create project from existing source JDK Compliance Use default compiler compliance Currently 1 4 Configure default O Use a project specific compliance Project layout O Use project folder as root For sources and class files Create separate source and output folders Configure default lt Back Next gt Finish Cancel Figure 11 The New Java Project wizard configures a new directory for your code Click Finish to accept the default options and let Eclipse cre ate the project If you see a dialog that says Confirm Perspec tive Switch enable the Remember my decision option and click Yes Also if you see a dialog about Java 5 0 compli
83. see Figure 18 This view lets you control all the threads of execution of all the programs being debugged Finally the line of code where you put the breakpoint will be highlighted to indicate which line will be executed next Debug X 3 Hello Java Application E62 org eclipseguide Hello at localhost 4326 E gf Thread main Suspended breakpoint at line 9 in Hello E Hello main String line 9 a C Program Files IBMiJaval42 jre bin javaw exe Jun 13 2005 9 31 02 PM Figure 18 The Debug view lets you control and monitor execution of multiple programs and threads To continue running after a breakpoint click on the Resume button in the Debug view s toolbar i or press F8 Run gt Resume Execution will continue until the next breakpoint is hit or the program terminates TIP If your program is in a long running loop click on the Suspend button UJ or select Run Suspend to make it stop Or just add a new breakpoint at any time the pro gram does not have to be stopped You can see a list of all your breakpoints in the Breakpoints view Here you can enable and disable breakpoints make them conditional on certain program values or set exception breakpoints i e to stop when a Java exception is thrown Setting Breakpoints 27 www finebook ir Single Stepping Like most debuggers the one provided by the Eclipse IDE lets you step line by line through your program
84. showing search results in 66 Hierarchy view 8 58 hot code replace feature 30 Hover Help 42 Javadoc view and 60 hyperlinks 43 IBM AlphaWorks web site 78 IBM developerWorks web site 78 icon variations 63 Incremental Find command 44 Inspect command 30 55 installing Eclipse 3 J JAR files Hover Help and 43 Java Build Path and 47 Java Browsing perspective 13 Java Build Path 47 Java Development User Guide 76 Java perspective 13 Declaration view in 54 Hierarchy view in 58 Javadoc view in 60 JUnit view in 60 Outline view in 62 Package Explorer view in 62 64 Problems view in 64 Search view in 65 Tasks view in 66 Java Type Hierarchy perspective 13 Javadoc view 8 60 JDT Plug in Developer Guide 76 JFace framework used with SWT 74 JUnit 32 37 JUnit view 34 60 K key bindings for commands 83 L launch configurations 48 launching Eclipse 4 Literal mode looking at expressions using 57 Logical mode looking at expressions using 57 Logical Structures defining new 58 M mailing lists for Eclipse development issues 82 main menu 10 main toolbar 12 markers in source code listing in Tasks view 66 maximizing views editors 16 Member list pane 59 menus in Eclipse 10 Milestone builds 5 minimizing views editors 16 monitors and deadlocks 53 N Navigate commands 89 91 Navigator view 61 newsgroups about Eclipse 81 Index 115 www fi
85. size the editor manually by dragging its edges but an easier way is to maximize the editor Double click on the view or editor s titlebar or click on the maximize icon to make it expand double click again or use the restore icon to restore the window to its original size When a window is maximized you won t be able to see any of the other views or editors outside of the current stack As an alternative you can temporarily shrink the other stacks of windows by clicking on the minimize icon next to the maximize icon at the top of the view or editor This hides the content area showing only the titlebar It works best on horizontal views and editors 16 Partll Workbench 101 www finebook ir TIP Remember you can save your favorite window arrange ments as named perspectives You could spend hours exploring all the options to custom ize your Eclipse workbench but that s not what you re here for right Part III will get you started with Java development in Eclipse Maximizing and Minimizing 17 www finebook ir PART Ill Java Done Quick Get your stopwatch ready because we re going to create and run some simple Java code as quickly as possible Ready set go Creating a Project An Eclipse project is just a directory that holds your pro gram s resources source code icons and so forth Usually projects are subdirectories in your workspace see the Spec ify a Workspace
86. ss in Hierarchy No key binding Search gt Read Access Hierarchy Read Access in Project No key binding Search gt Read Access Project Read Access in Working Set No key binding Search gt Read Access Working Set Read Access in Workspace No key binding Search Read Access gt Workspace References in Hierarchy No key binding Search gt References gt Hierarchy References in Project No key binding Search gt References gt Project References in Working Set No key binding Search gt References gt Working Set References in Workspace Ctrl Shift G Search gt References gt Workspace Referring Tests No key binding Search gt Referring Tests Search All Occurrences in File No key binding Search gt Occurrences in File gt Identifier Search Exception Occurrences in File No key binding Search gt Occurrences in File Throwing Exception Search Implement Occurrences in File No key binding Search gt Occurrences in File Implementing Methods Show Occurrences in File Quick Menu Ctrl Shift U No menu SearchCommands 99 www finebook ir Source Commands Write Access in Hierarchy No key binding Search gt Write Access gt Hierarchy Write Access in Project No key binding Search Write Access gt Project Write Access in Working Set No key binding Search Write Access gt Working Set Write Access in Workspace No key binding
87. ssion formula chang ing comments adding new local variables adding new statements to an existing method etc should work fine If for some reason execution cannot continue you will get an error dialog with the option to continue without making the change terminate the program or terminate and restart it from the beginning TIP Hot code replace requires special support from the Java virtual machine that is not present in all versions of Java It s known to work in Sun s Java Version 1 4 2 and later but not all vendors support it If your Java version does not support it you ll get an error dialog when you try to save The debugger has so many features that it s impossible to cover them all here Part VI covers more advanced topics that impact running and debugging your program especially in the Launch Configurations section But in your first pass through this book you may want to continue with Part V which covers unit testing Later you can go to Part VII to find out what all those buttons in the Debug and Breakpoint views do The Eclipse online help is also a good resource for informa tion on running and debugging See the following sections in the User s Guide Help gt Help Contents gt Java Development User Guide e Concepts gt Debugger Tasks gt Running and debugging Changing Code on the Fly 31 www finebook ir PART V Unit Testing with JUnit JUnit is a regression testing
88. t if you need a larger permanent version of the pop up window you get when you hover the mouse pointer over a type or member in the Java editor The tool bar for the Javadoc view contains the single icon shown in Table 19 Table 19 Javadoc view toolbar Icon Description ces Open the input source code Like Hover Help the Javadoc view requires access to the source code TIP See Hover Help in Part VI for more information JUnit View The JUnit view in the Java perspective shows the progress and results of JUnit tests Use it to see what tests failed and why see Part V for instructions on how to run unit tests The JUnit view has two panes each with its own toolbar The JUnit tests pane see Table 20 for toolbar commands lists the tests that failed or a hierarchy of all tests When you select a failed test in this pane the Failure trace pane see Table 21 for toolbar commands shows a traceback pinpoint ing where the failure occurred Double click on any test name class name or traceback line to edit the source code at that point 60 Part VII Views www finebook ir Table 20 JUnit tests toolbar Icon Description 1 Go to the next failed test T Go to the previous failed test E Stop the current test run Q Rerun all tests R Rerun just the tests that failed BB Keep the test list from scrolling Table 21 Failure trace toolbar Icon Description se Filter unwanted stack frames
89. t strings TODO FIXME and XXX are recognized by default Add any others that you commonly use in your code to Window gt Preferences Java gt Compiler gt Task Tags 66 Part VII Views www finebook ir Table 29 describes the Tasks view toolbar Table 29 Tasks view toolbar Icon Description lt 5 Create a new task x Delete the selected task s gt Filter out some tasks Variables View The Variables view in the Debug perspective shows all the parameters and local variables in scope during a debugging session Use this view to keep an eye on your program s state as you step through it The Variables view toolbar is described in Table 30 Table 30 Variables view toolbar Icon Description Show full type names toggle st Show logical structure toggle E Collapse all the expanded trees in the view TIP If you re currently stopped in a nonstatic method the first item in the Variables view will be this Expand it to see your instance variables Variables View 67 www finebook ir PART VIII Short Takes This pocket guide wouldn t fit in your pocket if it described every nuance of Eclipse in detail However I want to briefly mention a few more of Eclipse s notable features in this part of the book Some of these are built into the Eclipse SDK some are plug ins that you need to download and install yourself TIP The packaging of Eclipse is constantly evolvi
90. tached Move l Size l Minimize Maximize Close Figure 7 Right click on the icon to the left of the title to get the system menu TIP Most commands in Eclipse can be performed in several dif ferent ways For example to close a view you can either use the system menu or click on the close icon Use which ever way is most convenient for you Finally you can right click on any item in the content area to bring up the context menu see Figure 8 Notice the key board shortcuts listed to the right of the menu description These shortcuts can be used instead of the menu to execute a particular command For example instead of right clicking on main and selecting Open Type Hierarchy you can just select main and press the F4 key TIP Starting in Eclipse 3 1 you can press Ctrl Shift L to see a list of the current key definitions To change them go to Window Preferences gt General gt Keys By using key definitions and shortcuts you can work in Eclipse without touching the mouse at all Menus 11 www finebook ir av elu a HB org eclipseguide 5 8 Hello eS g Open Type Hierarchy F4 Open Call Hierarchy Ctrl alt of Cut Ctrl x ES Copy Ctrl C Figure 8 Right click in the content area for the context menu Toolbars and Coolbars A toolbar is a set of buttons and sometimes other controls that perform commonly used actions when you click
91. tion and press Enter When the New Java Class dialog appears press Enter to accept the defaults Now go back to the FactorialTest editor and note that the compiler complains that there is no factorial int method Press Ctrl 1 to create one Unfortunately the current version of Eclipse is not always smart enough to figure out the right return type so you may need to change the generated return type to be a double Use a dummy return value 0 0 for now At this point Factorial java should look something like this public static double factorial int i return 0 0 36 PartV Unit Testing with JUnit www finebook ir TIP Of course this is not the right way to calculate a factori al but all you want to do at this point is get the program to compile again Now you have a test case a little bit of code and no errors so try running the tests Unsurprisingly they fail At this point in actual TDD you would go back to the code being tested and fix it so that it passes the tests then add another test make that work and repeat the process until done Compare this technique with what most people typically do They write a bunch of code first then write a trivial little test program to exercise that code maybe something with a main method and a few print1n statements Once that test is working they throw the test away and assume their class will never break again Don t ever throw tests away Nurt
92. torial Now all you need to do is supply the contents of the testFactorial method JUnit provides a number of static methods that you call in your tests to make assertions about your program s behavior See Table 5 for a list Table 5 JUnit assertion methods Method Description assertEquals See if two objects or primitives have the same value assertNotEquals assertSame See if two objects are the same object assertNotSame assertTrue Test a Boolean expression assertFalse assertNull Test for anu11 object assertNotNull Creating Test Cases 33 www finebook ir To test the factorial method call the method with a few sample values and make sure it returns the right results Now insert a blank line and press Ctrl Space this brings up the code assist feature which is discussed in Part VI you will discover that JUnit supplies a version of assertEquals that takes three arguments The first two are the values to com pare the last is a fuzz factor assertEquals will fail if the difference between the supplied values is greater than the fuzz factor Supply the value you expect the method to return as the first parameter use the method call itself as the sec ond For example public void testFactorial assertEquals 1 0 Factorial factorial 0 0 0 assertEquals 1 0 Factorial factorial 1 0 0 assertEquals 120 0 Factorial factorial 5 0 0 Fe
93. ts Step Into F5 Run gt Step Into Step Into Selection Ctrl F5 Run gt Step Into Selection Step Over F6 Run gt Step Over Step Return F7 Run gt Step Return Suspend No key binding Run gt Suspend Terminate No key binding Run gt Terminate Terminate and Relaunch No key binding No menu Toggle Line Breakpoint Ctrl Shift B Run gt Toggle Line Breakpoint Run DebugCommands 97 www finebook ir Search Commands Toggle Method Breakpoint No key binding Run gt Toggle Method Breakpoint Toggle Step Filters Shift F5 Run gt Use Step Filters Toggle Watchpoint No key binding Run gt Toggle Watchpoint Search Commands Declaration in Hierarchy No key binding Search gt Declarations gt Hierarchy Declaration in Project No key binding Search gt Declarations Project Declaration in Working Set No key binding Search gt Declarations Working Set Declaration in Workspace Ctrl G Search gt Declarations gt Workspace File Search No key binding Search gt File Implementors in Project No key binding Search gt Implementors gt Project Implementors in Working Set No key binding Search gt Implementors gt Working Set Implementors in Workspace No key binding Search Implementors Workspace Open Search Dialog Ctrl H Search gt Search 98 Commands www finebook ir Search Commands Read Acce
94. ts view toolbar continued Icon Description Collapse the breakpoint tree o When the program stops highlight the breakpoint that caused it to stop toggle Create a breakpoint for a Java exception AT Double click on a breakpoint to edit the code at that line To fine tune when the breakpoint will be triggered right click on the breakpoint and select Properties Table 10 shows some of the properties you can set The exact options that appear will vary depending on the breakpoint s type Table 10 Breakpoint properties Property Description Enabled Indicates whether the breakpoint is currently in effect Hit Count Specifies how many times the breakpoint must be hit before the programs stops Condition Stops only when the expression is true or changes value Suspend Policy Pauses the whole program or just a single thread Filtering Limits the breakpoint s effect to the given thread s In the Eclipse Java development environment an expression is anything you can put on the righthand side of a Java assignment statement This can include ordinary variables fields method calls arithmetic formulae and so forth A conditional breakpoint is a breakpoint that doesn t stop every time For example if you re debugging a crash that occurs on the 100th time through a loop you could put a breakpoint at the top of the loop and use a conditional expression like i 99 or you could specify a hit count of 1
95. ure them slowly add to them and run them often preferably as part of an auto mated build and test system Techniques even exist to create unit tests for user interfaces TIP When you get a bug report from your users your first im pulse may be to fix the bug Instead stop and write a unit test that fails because of the bug Then change the code so the test works This ensures your fix actually solves the problem and helps improve your tests over time The JUnit view is covered in more detail in Part VII If you want to learn more about unit testing best practices see http www junit org JUnit home page http www testdriven com Resource for test driven development Test First 37 www finebook ir PART VI Tips and Tricks The Eclipse IDE has an incredibly rich set of features but many of them are hidden from view With a little digging you can discover its secrets and get the most out of the envi ronment This part of the book gets you started with several useful but less visible features Code Assist The Java editor is always paying attention to what you type ready to offer helpful suggestions through a feature called code assist also called content assist To use it go to the Java editor in the Hello example and start a new statement in the main method Begin typing the following System Pause after the period A code assist window similar to that shown in Figure 23 will appear Th
96. utput files such as class files go Projects Make the current project depend on other projects Classes in the other projects will be recognized at build time and runtime The other projects do not have to be built into a JAR file before referring to them in Eclipse this cuts down on development time Libraries Pull in code that is not in Eclipse projects such as JAR files See Table 7 for the kinds of locations you can access Order and Export If other projects are dependent on this one expose or don t expose symbols in the current project to the other projects In addition to going through the Java Build Path dialog you can right click on directories and JAR files in the Package JavaBuildPath 47 www finebook ir Explorer view and select commands under the Build Path menu to add and remove items from the build path The Libraries tab is very flexible about the locations it allows you to specify for JARs and class files Other features in Eclipse use similar lists so if you understand this tab it will help you understand those features as well Table 7 explains the buttons on the Libraries tab Table 7 JAR and class locations in the Java Build Path Button name Description Add JARs Specify JAR files in the workspace this project or other projects Add External JARs Specify full pathnames for JAR files outside the workspace not recommended for team projects Add Variable Use a symbolic variable n
97. va object Use it to explore the type hierarchy fields and methods for a class 58 PartVil Views www finebook ir or interface by selecting the type in the Java editor or Pack age Explorer view and pressing F4 Navigate gt Open Type Hierarchy The Hierarchy view has two panes each with its own tool bar The top pane is the Type Hierarchy tree see Table 17 which lists the object s supertypes and subtypes The optional bottom pane is the Member list Table 18 It shows fields and methods Double click on any type or member to edit its source code Table 17 Type Hierarchy toolbar Icon Description fa Show the type hierarchy from object down at Show the supertype hierarchy from the current type up Tk Show the subtype hierarchy from the current type down View a previous type in the history Table 18 Member list toolbar Icon Description ob Lock the member list and show inherited members in the Type Hierarchy pane toggle te Show all inherited members toggle Ja Sort members by defining type toggle a Show hide fields toggle wi Show hide statics toggle i Show hide nonpublic members toggle TIP Press Ctrl T in the Java editor to show the type hierar chy in a searchable pop up window Hierarchy View 59 www finebook ir Javadoc View The Javadoc view in the Java perspective shows Java docu mentation from comments at the definition of the current selection Use i
98. ve to configure the Javadoc URL in the properties for the JAR file right click on the JAR file and select Properties gt Javadoc Location Hyperlinks Did you know there is a web browser built into the Java edi tor Well there is sort of The editor lets you navigate around your program as if it were a web site Hold down the Ctrl key and move your mouse through your source code An underline will appear to indicate hyperlinked symbols You can leave the mouse cursor over the symbol to see its defini tion or click on it to open the declaration in the editor Like a browser Eclipse maintains a history of all the pages you ve visited Use the Back command 5 Alt Left or Nav igate gt Left to go to the previous location and use Forward gt Alt Right or Navigate gt Right to go to the next one Quick Fixes Whenever you make a syntax error in your program Eclipse s background compiler detects it immediately and draws an error indicator affectionately known as the red squiggle under the offending code In addition to simply detecting the problem Eclipse can usually offer an auto matic program correction called a quick fix QuickFixes 43 www finebook ir For example try misspelling the System out method println as printline Press Ctrl 1 Edit Quick Fix to see several possible fixes One of them will be Change to println Press the down arrow to see a preview of each proposed change press Enter to
99. with one of two commands step into R_ F5 or Run gt Step Into and step over F6 or Run gt Step Over The difference between the two is apparent when the current line is a method call If you step into the current line the debugger will go to the first line of the method If you step over the current line the debugger will run the method and stop on the next line Try stepping now by running until your breakpoint is hit and then pressing F6 several times in a row Watch the high light bar move around as the current line changes If you step into a method call and then change your mind execute the step return command g F7 or Run gt Step Return This lets the program run until the current method returns The debugger will stop at the line following the line that called the method Looking at Variables The Eclipse IDE provides many different ways to examine and modify your program state For example as you single step you may have noticed that the Variables window shows the current value of all the local variables parameters and fields that are currently visible see Figure 19 You can guickly identify which variables are changing because Eclipse draws them in a different color If any of the variables are nonprimitives objects or arrays you can expand them to look at the individual elements To change the value of a variable first select it in the Vari ables view This will make its current value appear in t
100. with this guide in hand you re ready to tackle the Eclipse programming environment f Includes Safari FREE 45 Day www oreilly com NC Online Edition ISBN 0 596 10065 5 US 9 95 CAN 13 95 QL NU J 9 78 100650 6 3692010065 2 0596 www finebook ir Eclipse IDE Pocket Guide Ed Burnette O REILLY Beijing Cambridge Farnham K ln Paris Sebastopol Taipei Tokyo www finebook ir Eclipse IDE Pocket Guide by Ed Burnette Copyright 2005 O Reilly Media Inc All rights reserved rinted in the United States of America Published by O Reilly Media Inc 1005 Gravenstein Highway North Sebastopol CA 95472 O Reilly books may be purchased for educational business or sales promotional use Online editions are also available for most titles safari oreilly com For more information contact our corporate institutional sales department 800 998 9938 or corporate oreilly com Editor Brett McLaughlin Production Editor Marlowe Shaeffer Cover Designer Ellie Volckhausen Interior Designer David Futato Printing History August 2005 First Edition Nutshell Handbook the Nutshell Handbook logo and the O Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O Reilly Media Inc The Pocket Guide series designations Eclipse IDE Pocket Guide the images of ornate butterflyfish and related trade dress are trademarks of O Reilly Media Inc Java and all Java based trademarks and logos are trademarks

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