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UHM/CEE/13-02 - CEE at UH Manoa

1. KK KKK K G202 G30 36 f Pier 2 K K KK K K hhh K KK OK OK K K G293 G40 24 Pier 2 KK K K K K KK K K K Available to authorized users only By click on Open you will be asked for username and password in the window shown in Figure 6 2 Then you are connected to the digitizer unit E 10 0 1 120 UP B K Figure 6 2 Enabled Connection With PuTTY Now utilizing any FTP commands such as ipaddr eth0 sysinfo or versions we are able to communicate with the Digitizer unit and the output would be as followings root GRANITE sysinfo Hostname GRANITE Unit Tag No 288 Int Temp C 28 75 Ine Homidiy ula Voltage 154529 Amperes 0 120 33 S l e OS Time Wed July 4 21 16 43 UTC 2012 PSU Time Wed July 4 21 16 44 2012 Up Time 21 16 43 up 1 20 1 user Load average 0 03 0 07 and 0 08 ECHO ITP Adare T0420 1410 Erthl IP Addr NA Services Up cron inetd ntpd sshd Via inetd telnet ftp MemFree 195080 kB SwapFree 05528 kB Filesystem Size Used Avail Use Mounted on dev hdal 1 0G 289M 672M 30 dev hda2 3 0G 184M 2 6G 7 opt dev mmcal 62M 14k 61M 1 mnt sd Or by using the versions command to view the major software versions root GRANITE Versions KMI ROCK initrd 25152 KML ROCk IBM J9 VM 2 1 REm KMI Rock Kernel burld Feb 7 2008 09 27 49 KMI Rock PSU PSVersion 5 00 KMI Rock Software Base 1 0 KMI Rock filesystem 2
2. Storage and lt Fiber optic j Sa Rebroadcasting j Data Link T m lt Figure 5 1 Overall System Connection Diagram Therefore in order to communicate with the units from any other computer outside of UH Manoa secure remote connecting software is needed and in this project VPN Access Manager has been used 5 1 VPN Access Manager The Shrew Soft VPN Access Manager is an IPsec Remote Access VPN Client for Windows operating systems originally developed to provide secure communications between mobile Windows hosts and open source VPN gateways that utilize standards compliant software also used to launch the VPN Connect application for a given site After lunching the software you will see the window as shown in Figure 5 2 Zl Figure 5 2 VPN Access Manager An appropriate VPN connection can be added or modified simply for example after click on Add bottom by defining the Host name or IP address and port number of the destination in the window shown in Figure 5 3 VPN Site Configuration General Client Mame Resolution Authenticatic 5 Remote Host Host Mame or IP Address Fort IP for G10 500 Auto Configuration ike config pull Local Host Address Method Use an existing adapter and current address v hl ELI btan Aul omalic all Save Cancel Figure 5 3 Defining IP addresses for VPN Connection When saved a secure connection can be created a
3. eesssssssssseeeeeeeeeeennnes 13 3 4 Accelerometers Tri axial Sensors EST 14 3 5 Shallow Borehole Sensors SBEPD as eSa cements Ree 15 XO KOONDUS Suia 17 Sr WDISPIACCINGIIE ocn OS EE 18 CHAPTER 4 ROCK DOLOMITE AND ROCK DIGITIZER OVERVIEW 19 e RockDolonmite 5ystem EE 19 22 WR OCK ICI Zeb aaa ty cett eeu sistit atitem ee tct 22 4 3 Rock Digitizer Front Panel Status Indcatorg 22 4 4 Rock Digitizer Operating Environmental Limitations eeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 23 4 5 Rock Digitizer Wiring Diagram eee 29 du JEE 24 CHAPTER 5 REMOTE CONNECTION TO DAQ UNITS eene 27 SE EEN 27 CHAPTER 6 COMMUNICATE WITH ROCK DIGITIZERS 3 Sch Jeekelen 3l 602 Terminal Programs Pul keeren 32 Co AV DIA O ee a ent 35 CHAPTER 7 DEFINE SENSORS PARAMETERS VIA WEB INTERFACE 39 JL Edt sermldNumber of EE ENEE ee 40 72 OF itial Sensitivity OF L creron tees mathe dela Se 42 To E Sr T RE ee Tee EE 42 Ju Edit Hardware Parameters oett aie ria ted quito osi ete Ergo teftibus 43 7 5 Edit Channel Trigger and Detrigger Votes sese eee eee 43 7 6 Define DAQ Pre Event and Post Event Times sss sse eee 44 ID NetWork THO CCTAN eodd eeh 45 TS INeByork Lay Out Eer 46 gh EE EE EH 47 7 10 Web Interface Advanced Futures see 48 7 11 SEET 49 CHAPTER 8 RECEIVING AND STORING DATA 51 E E e e 51 Sa IRGC ORIN D oic 51 6 39 ACCESS to Stored Data cain teta e e tote mo Pise tete css exp e ted
4. Assuming small deformations and integrating the curvature gives the rotation wa 2Bx C x ax 0 0 EI x Taking the moment of inertia and modulus of elasticity to be constant reduces this rotation equation to 0 Ax Bx Cx D To complete the rotation equation 4 known 0 and x are needed therefore rotation sensors are divided to segments cover all the bridge and each segment represents a group of 4 sensors Upon obtaining rotation equation by comparing recorded angle of each location before and after the earthquake we can calculate exact tilt of the structure at various locations A0 PreEvent 0 PostEvent 0 The deflection can then be also written as pot a di t 2 T For further information regarding this method please refer MS report by Powelson 2010 61 9 3 Displacement Sensors Firstmark Controls position transducers are cable actuated displacement sensing devices Figure 9 4 shows how a position transducer works Operationally the products work by mounting in a fixed position and attaching the displacement cable to a moving object such as bridge piers or abutments As movement occurs the cable extracts and retracts An internal power spring maintains cable tension The threaded cable drum rotates a precision potentiometer which produces an electrical output proportional to the cable travel Firstmark DISPLAY OR RECORDING DEVICE POTENTIOMETER OR OTHER ROTARY SENSOR M F
5. E El lt B Station KLS Liciagte FTP sever H arm con rect By a era gg epee are see d HTa lt Kinemetrics Granite Wortes to trigger Di Station KMI We Waas ro detrager VSS sig Ch L Geer Strong Motion Alter Log aur Stabe of heat Wiig Penny wia wes K Inooerng amp sensors i 7 E r Recorded Mey Dararet erg i i Ha Hes stan eve i E n Aj tens bone ET es kl p A sean ut Demoger votes iu F U st Took Ent U scc e 715 meted acr SIS ve iia ET pomm BN reri a Kinerratrica contacts DOLORE Tech ADDIT 2rzyal s Ute Ivan VM TR On iihi kocaion map e ke Internet Protected Mode Ca fa zs OS ka Figure 7 8 Define Trigger Detrigger and Sensor Votes This page accesses installation independent values such as pre event time post event time sample rates and other operational parameters The top of the System Operations page is a Parameter Map which is a set of links to the individual parameter sets of each module This can be faster than scrolling to find a parameter 7 7 Network Triggering The Rock Digitizers support interconnected triggers over a network connection The factory default Rock digitizer event recorder configuration includes a Network Trigger module but the user may choose to add the module manually should you choose to build your own layout Adding the
6. mmm PR F E ele em 102147 A JEET E l EK h Vae a Mie x Nro ZINC dg Favertes cy Sugpemed Sites lt D B 2 e Bae mtt Toh i EL d Station bR da chil Tale qt Sart Changez Ge m Ch12 ID Bu 12 S bet chi Sms O Ek R le Ch 5angryty mj x E digi Ch3 Sangtwity las mal dig Ch Senstivty fal A dg Ch amp angthty er T dig Che Sensitwty B a m Ch Senstivity HE ei momen BE M m Chi Senstivty bj ai dig Chl Ful Scale ber 25 DI Di Ch Full 5cale 3 2 0 WI bai cha Ful Scale BET ba ou pts das digi chs Ful Seme HIE lon Che Full Scale D bei Ch Ful Scale I E v Ce Tc P M 7 EE Done SS Internet Protected Mode De Figure 7 5 Define Sensors Sensitivity 7 3 Edit Other Sensor Specifications Other characteristics of a sensor such as Sensor type Span Range Bandwidth Cal Coil Sensitivity Range Set and Output Voltage Level can be set through the same link at Hardware parameters section 42 7 4 Edit Hardware Parameters Hardware specific values for each DAQ unit are such as e IP addresses e Number of channels e Unit serial numbers These values can also be found at the top of Hardware Parameter page as shown in Figure 7 6 Note that when you click the next to the name of a parameter you ll be shown the help string that provides more detail about the purpose of
7. or not If the system is not triggered the filtered data values are compared against the trigger levels whereas once the system has been triggered they are compared against the detrigger levels The CGS Voter works in the order that each channel contributes enough detrigger votes to exceed the detrigger voting threshold If the numbers of detrigger votes do not exceed the threshold the system remains triggered If the number of detrigger votes exceeds the detrigger threshold then the system will detrigger With this Voter the channels accumulate detrigger votes when they fall below the detrigger level The system will detrigger when enough detrigger votes accumulate that the number of detrigger votes exceeds the votes needed to detrigger the system 8 2 Recording Data In the event of ground shaking which exceeds the minimum trigger threshold set for the instrumentation the data loggers will record the readings on all instruments at 0 01 second intervals with a back memory of 5 seconds prior to the triggering event Recording will continue until 5 seconds after the motion decreases below a predetermined switch off threshold The instrumentation will be available immediately should aftershocks occur soon after the initial 51 quake Data storage capacity will be adequate to record in excess of 120 seconds of data from all instruments Each DAQ is equipped by a 5 GB internal memory assuming each recorded event requires 150 KB of memory in av
8. 1 0 KMI Rock filesystem 2 1 0 Update 3 beta 25 34 KMI Rockhound 2 5 5 6 3 Web Interface The web interface of the digitizer allows us to configure and operate the digitizers using any web browser without installing any Kinemetrics specific software The web browser should be HTML 1 1 compliant or later support frames and should support Java and Java applets So Java has to be installed on the PC in order to use most of the features of the digitizer In case of using a PC without Java it will still basically work some features may not be available To access the digitizer through the web interface open a web browser on the PC In the address bar of the browser type the IP address of the desired digitizer for example G10 IP address then you will be presented with login window shown in Figure 6 3 Connect to 64 60 717 93 The server 64 60 212 93 at 5tation KMI requires a username and password User name Password Figure 6 3 Web Interface Login Window Web logins use a relatively secure Digest Authentication login Two groups of accounts may be set up e Admin level users have administrative access meaning that configuration changes can be made e Client level users can view things but cannot make any changes Multiple web users from multiple IP addresses can log in at one time But 1f more than one Admin level user tries to log in at one time the first user gets Full Access read write all othe
9. DATA As discussed earlier and shown in Appendix B 3 major types of sensors have been installed in this project e EPI Accelerometer Sensors e Displacement sensors e Rotation sensors Chapter 8 described receiving and storing data This chapter discusses how to read and analyze stored data for each type of sensors 9 1 Accelerometer Sensors Each ES B sensor consists of two ES U2 Uni Axial sensors in two different directions Also ES T Tri Axial and Shallow Borehole sensors work similarly but with three directions This part describes analyzing data recorded by Uni Axial ES U2 sensors and same application uses for all accelerometers All accelerometer EPISensors installed in this project have user selectable full scale recording ranges of 4g 2g lg 1 2g or 1 4g In this project a recording range of 2g has been chosen Its bandwidth is from 1 Hz to 200 Hz and the output voltage levels are user selectable at either 2 5V or 10V single ended or 5V or 20V differential In this project the recording range of 20V has been chosen Sensor adjustment access hole One of four screws securing ES U2 cover One of four mounting slots SERIAL NUMBER Figure 9 1 ES U2 Sensor 57 Each ES U2 sensor generates a positive output for acceleration in the direction of the local orientation axis arrow on the housing and the sensor itself The sensor s transfer function TF depends almost entirely on the electronic component
10. Figure 4 5 Wiring Diagram of DAQ Kinematics Drawing 504021 4 6 Real time Switch Since the distance between the two piers is more than 100 meters which could cause downfall in signal voltage transmitted in between the Dolomite units are equipped with SIXNET Real time Switch model ET 5ES as shown in Figure 4 6 The switch converts the signal from electrical to a light signal with performance of 3 2 GB s The signals are then transmitted by fiber optic line to reduce power loss over the transmission distance Each unit then converts received light signals to the format of electrical data This switch also provides the LAN connecting DAQ units at both ends of the bridge together 24 a a he Industrial Ethernet i misinI IB Real time Switch Reh 99990 ve sehe Beo etu Figure 4 6 Real time Switch Model ET SES For more information regarding Rock Dolomite and Rock Digitizer please refer to the relevant Kinemetrics manuals as listed in Appendix B 26 CHAPTER 5 REMOTE CONNECTION TO DAQ UNITS Since the project is located on the Big Island of Hawaii all four DAQ units are connected to a satellite internet service and data uploaded to an IP on the Internet so that a user at UH Manoa can enable a tunnel to that IP and communicate with the DAQ units Figure 5 1 shows the overall view of the network used in this project Local Area Network Sn pas UH Manoa Satellite d Network Internet Link Y
11. Network Trigger module is done similarly to how other modules are added to the layout as discussed in section 7 11 Note that only one Network Trigger module may be added to the system The Network Trigger module parameters can be found in System Operation Figure 7 9 45 Lef SS SS T E EE e Ip ven s 3001447 el fel x H Googl i Fie Edu Ve Favonter Tools Help x amp lt ur Faverten ve E suggest Bien Di E m Page gt Safety Tech d E E E Station ERT e bes Gerpndary Port Mumbar H JEU Save Cue ams rane S Cancel Enabis Sean iai DS e T z Steve tr triggering Ia Te e KGT OI Kinemetrics Granite Eee E Included hosts m Station KMI bung hs Ji ET hosts Ia Oraria Mr Pa E r St Lag cut haute hosts L Staten f haaith Esciuded hosts a oere ege hosts H Eeconed figs geg hosts li n wien Sanma Exciuded hose s Maeileag Iag ea vie vg orm eparibon Lirout dac Anph Ces naw Advanced reat Knemetres 2000 2010 Al Bees 1 Rasanesd L digi Ch 1 Triger EL letter daas Mode Ce Za 054 7 m Figure 7 9 Network Triggering The default behavior of the Network Trigger module is that it is assigned one vote to trigger the system Without making any further edits all four Rock digitizer units will discover each other and will aut
12. XL Sy Iwt a ANS M M i rq o We HLT av ig Ach CH m b LATTE EE DIETE A V di d A ha OCH d c Figure 2 2 Installation of the 6 drop in Girder Lines for Span No 2 CPPR 2009 Finally Kealakaha Stream Bridge was constructed with an approximate cost of 36 million This bridge is a 720 ft long concrete bridge with a radius of curvature of 1800 ft a 6 2 travel way super elevation and a 3 46 vertical grade The bridge has three spans of 180 6 ft 360 ft and 180 ft It is approximately 48 ft wide and provides two 12 ft wide travel lanes and two 10 ft wide shoulders as shown in Figure 2 4 ASPIRE 2010 2 3 Seismic Isolators Additional analysis of the structure determined that utilizing seismic base isolation would result in substructure cost saving By increasing the dynamic period of the structure and thereby decreasing foundation loads the footings were raised the soil nails eliminated and the number of drilled shafts was minimized seismic isolation allowed stiffer piers than those indicated in the original contract drawings Therefore footings were raised and pier heights were reduced This eliminated the need for costly soil nailed walls around the footings Foundation sizes and drilled shaft lengths were altered as well By maintaining vertical loads at the center of supports thereby reducing bending moments the quantity of drilled shafts was reduced significantly by 2226 In ft Footing sizes we
13. be located at the origin of the Local Coordinate System LCS for simplicity e Second Sensor point s to be located on the z axis of the LCS e Third sensor is located at point t to be located in the x z plane of the LCS e In terms of polar coordinates vector R R a B Px 1 Py j Pz k e Ris the magnitude R R sin a cos D 1 T R sin a sin B j R cos a k e the angle between the z axis and vector r and e p theangle of the projection of r on the x y plane relative to the positive x axis e tx tz 24 and sz 48 After calculations the following equations are developed to determine Post Event relative change at point P by calculation angles o and p 2 SEA R sz S R sg LW ad TA tz R 2 Rsz 2 Rsz R 1 sin p R 1 cos B sin ll R5 US COS 0 2 Rsz Finally the position of point P can be determined completely in terms of known quantities P is located relative to point R by R R sin a cos B i R sin a sin p j R cos a k Px i Py j Pz k An excel spreadsheet has been developed by Dr Gaur Johnson performing all these calculations to determine post event location of point P 64 9 4 Kinemetrics Strong Motion Analyst Software SMA Overview The Kinemetrics Strong Motion Analyst software is a tool designed for earthquake engineers and seismologists to process strong motion accelerograms The program is referre
14. location for each SB sensor was determined from the geotechnical profile of the project site Two cylindrical shape SB sensors are installed down the holes at a depth of 150 feet while another two cylindrical shape sensors are installed in the middle of the hole at depth of 75 feet Two Tri axial sensors are installed at the top surface of the slab at each free field sites as shown in Figure 3 11 Latitude and longitude of each cylindrical borehole sensor is as shown in Table 3 3 Table 3 3 Latitude and Longitude of Cylindrical Borehole Sensors Serial No EE Latitude Longitude Location feet 363 a 365 Free Field Sensors Figure 3 11 Location of Shallow Borehole sensors installed at Free Field Sites 16 3 6 Rotation Sensors Sherborne LSO Inclinometers are used in this project to measure rotation Also a rotation to deflection R2D method of using inclinometers to calculate deflection from rotation has been proposed by Powelson et al 2010 The advantages of using inclinometers to measure deflection are that it is possible to measure static deflections before and after the earthquake They are easy to install and are unobtrusive Powelson et al 2010 The instrument used in this project to measure rotation is a high precision gravity referenced servo inclinometer All inclinometer sensors are located along the center line of the bridge However the accuracy of the inclinometers measurement if installing them in bridge edge
15. project based on installation direction as shown in Figure 3 5 Figure 3 5 ES U2 Local and Global Direction 3 3 Accelerometer Bi axial Sensors ES B Each ES B sensor is made up of two ES U2 units oriented at 90 to each other and therefore has the same features as ES U It layout inside the enclosure looks similar to ES U such that the two ES U are orthogonal to each other in a two dimensional plane For protection these sensors are enclosed in waterproof anodized aluminum rectangular housing Since they are set up in this manner it allows us to measure two directional displacements simultaneously that are 90 apart and each ES B has local X and local Y default directions that each indicates North East or Vertical global axis based on installation direction All the ES B sensors are installed in the deck level at every beam except Beam A Beam P and the two adjacent 13 Beams B from center Beam at the mid span of the bridge and all ES B sensors are installed only at the ocean side of the beams Ke 9 Figure 3 6 ES B Bi Axial Accelerometer Local and Global Directions 3 4 Accelerometers Tri axial Sensors ES T ES T is a triaxial surface package useful for many types of earthquake recording applications The unit consists of three EpiSensor force balance accelerometer modules mounted orthogonally in one small package as shown in Figure 3 7 For protection the sensors are enclosed in
16. the EVT file e Sensitivity Specifies the sensitivity of this channel as read from the EVT file This value 1s specified in volts per g e Sensor Type Specifies the sensor type of this channel as read from the EVT file The sensor type 1s presented in the form of a pull down list allowing user to select from the available types e File Start Time Indicates the start time of the EVT file specifically the time of the first sample This data will be used to help construct the default graph title and to preset values for the V1 Station and Earthquake Information e Latitude Longitude and Elevation Specifies the instrument latitude Longitude and Elevation as read from the EVT file These values are specified relatively in degrees north degrees east and meter to sea level and represent GPS position of the sensor connected to each channel 67 F SKMIXH yProjects SMAXE vents 96130cfr_evt SMA File Edit View Compute Help Giel amlesa Ka iie ll LA l Ale gt PR Station ID CFR Channel 1 CFRL 1 30 1996 30 4 36 58 000 2 000000 SMA Edit Header Information Channel Information 1 000000 Sensor S N 37742 Sensitivit 1 252 Natural Fre 51 2000 D ampin 0 6400 0 000000 Sensor Type E FBA lt Acceleration cm s 1 000000 2 000000 0 000 20 000 40 000 LX Station Information Station ID CFR Comment CFR PARAMETERS TimeStamp Information File Start Time 730 1
17. the header information such as the sensor information station identification or file start time To edit the header select Edit Header from the Edit menu or from the Edit Header button on the tool bar A dialog that 66 allows editing of data in the header will be presented After editing the header the EVT file can be saved with the modified data or processing can continue without saving the modified EVT file So many characteristics of an EVT file can be modified in the window shown in Figure 9 6 such as e Channel Indicates the channel number and is presented in the form of a pull down list allowing user to select from the available channels e Channel ID Specifies the Channel ID as read from the EVT file The Channel ID will be used to help construct the default graph title and to preset the Channel Orientation in the VI Channel and Sensor Information dialog e Natural Frequency Indicates the natural frequency of the channel sensor as read from the EVT file This value 1s in Hz This value 1s used to preset the V1 Channel and Sensor Information dialog Natural Frequency or Natural Period depending on the format selected e Sensor S N Indicates the sensor serial number of this channel sensor as read from the EVT file This value 1s used to preset the V1 Channel and Sensor Information dialog Channel S N field e Damping Specifies the damping value for the sensor connected to the channel as a fraction of critical as read from
18. x Address 10 0 1 146 Last gap Ch Id None Softw 3 7 4e BETA Error log Groups queued 215 PO Ware Version 27 18 Maintenance log x I Rock filesystem 2 1 0 Update 16 beta 12 Documentation Connect Limited access Links Heins Kinemetrics contacts Tech support emai Local events On ste weather Location map It s 2011 01 07 01 24 44 GMT Kinemetrics 2000 2011 All Rights Add Left Frame Reserved P Internet Protected Mode Off avy 95 e Figure 6 5 Web Interface Main Screen Web Interface main screen consists of left hand commonly used links however the major helpful parameters are discussed in detail in the next chapter Also note that the main screen shown in Figure 6 5 is a default view for a full access user and for a client with limited access the left hand frame might be slightly different In addition the Advanced Features will be expanded after click on it and adding any desired advanced features The definition of each main link provided in the left hand frame are as followings e Overview The main status screen e Log Out Log out of the web interface will automatically happen after 1 hour e State of Health Access to State of Health displays e Waveform Viewer Display of real time waveforms e Triggering amp Sensors Commanded triggers sensor tests and sensor control e Recorded Files A display of recorded file thumbnails e Interactive File Viewer Download and display files interactively 37 Par
19. 15000 0 000 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 Time sec Ready HUN Figure 9 9 Velocity Time Series 69 F KMI MyProjects SMA E vents Ca01 Onf_evt SMA BE x File Edit View Compute Help ZR Aga pes Jr Si AAD E AIA Aule Z Station ID ALTUS S N 105 Channel 1 NORT 08 20 1994 20 22 47 GMT 0 00300 0 00200 _ 0 00100 E L 5 E 0 00000 S 2 H 0 00100 0 00200 0 00300 0 000 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 Time sec Ready HUN Figure 9 10 Displacement Time Series EK F KMI MyProjects S MAXE vents 1 3 evt SMA File Edit View Compute Help Slglel Siss Jelz Sl Fo ABIR Apa s all S Station ID ALTUS S N 163 Channel 1 04 23 1997 9 56 16 local i E g et o 10 l 10 107 10 10 10 Period sec Ready NUM Figure 9 11 Absolute Acceleration Response Spectra 70 DIE F KMI MyProjects S MAXE vents 1 3 evt SMA File Edit View Compute Help SS e lamie Iez zl A x DI E ALAA Sees Station ID ALTUS S N 163 Channel 14 04 23 71 997 9 56 16 local 103 107 S E L 2 e 10 VE E 107 100 10 102 Period sec e wu Figure 9 12 Relative velocity Response Spectra BEE F KMI MyProjects S MAXE vents 1 3 evt SMA File Edit View Compute Help slala e Siss oc ope fe zl ALAD SL ALATA les Station ID ALTUS S N 163 Channel1 04 23 1997 9 56 16 local 102 101 3 z 109 L a G 10 102 1 1 102 ER 100 101 102 Period sec MN Rea
20. 41 cm Height 26 66 cm e 45 kg 100 lbs without batteries 90 kg 198 Ibs with 4 batteries Internal power supply subsystem The Digitizer s internal power supply subsystem includes a battery charger that cans float charge Sealed Gel Cell batteries The battery charging system will attempt to keep a battery at full charge so that the system can continue to operate from the battery when external power has been lost This float charger is more efficient than the one in the external charger 20 When the external charger parameter is enabled the Digitizer at 1nitial boot or after returning to AC input from running on batteries will check the battery voltage and temperature If the battery voltage is between 6VCD and 12VDC and the temperature is between 0 C and 40 C the digitizer will close the relay activating the external battery charger for a 12 hour period to Fast Charge the batteries At the end of 12 hours the relay is opened and the Digitizers internal float charger will maintain the battery charge The next check for a Fast Charge will only be done at the next power up or when again returning from an AC power loss Thus the normal operating condition is that the external battery charger is OFF Figure 4 3 describes components of a Dolomite unit in detail C Hr Ley Tit Le KE St Tar E Ay r A We ASSY 1 0VAC OPTION Ep MULTICHANNEL SYSTEM v Somes K A wees Aya LAE 2 A OT
21. 996 4 36 58 000 User Input or GPS Averaged Latitude Longitude Le 85233 28 1 53200 Elevation 60 000 80 000 Time sec Ready WM Figure 9 7 Editing an EVT File Viewing Time Series and Spectra Other than acceleration time series data user can select between multiple views of the data These views include acceleration response velocity response displacement response Fourier amplitude spectra or tripartite response spectra Whether time series data or spectra are displayed depending on the current stage of processing Figures 9 8 through 9 14 show samples output of SMA software For more information and details please refer Kinemetrics Strong Motion Analyst Document 302415 G also listed in Appendix B Di F KMI MyProjects S MAXE vents Ca01 Onf_evt SMA m x File Edit View Compute Help slala aleis Sais we eee E LA O Ale Iam Station ID BTHC 8 20 1994 232 20 22 47 Ch 1 NORT Ch 2 VERT Ch 3 EAST Acceleration cm s Auto Scale 1 1e 001 Chi 0 000 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 Time sec Ready NUM Figure 9 8 Multi Channel Acceleration Time Series F KMI MyProjects S MAXE vents Ca01 Onf_evt SMA m x File Edi View Compute Help Stal S Siss ele S p BIL ale alesis S Station ID ALTUS S N 105 Channel 1 NORT 08 20 1994 20 22 47 GMT 0 15000 0 10000 0 05000 C E g gt 0 00000 9 o v gt 0 05000 0 10000 0
22. ACQUISITION OF DATA FROM SEISMIC INSTRUMENTATION OF THE KEALAKAHA BRIDGE Mehdi Ghalambor Ian N Robertson and Gaur P Johnson Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation Highways Division and U S Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration UNIVERSITY OF HAWAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT oF Civi AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Research Report UHM CEE 13 02 May 2013 Technical Report Documentation Page 1 Report No 2 Government Accession No 3 Recipient s Catalog No 4 Title and Subtitle 5 Report Date ACQUISITION OF DATA FROM SEISMIC INSTRUMENTATION OF May 2013 THE KEALAKAHA STREAM BRIDGE 6 Performing Organization Code 7 Author s 8 Performing Organization Report No Ghalambor M Robertson I N and Johnson G P UHM CEE 13 02 9 Performing Organization Name and Address 10 Work Unit No TRAIS Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Hawaii at Manoa 11 Contract or Grant No 2540 Dole St Holmes Hall 383 48054 Honolulu HI 96822 12 Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13 Type of Report and Period Covered Hawaii Department of Transportation Interim Highways Division 869 Punchbowl Street Honolulu HI 96813 15 Supplementary Notes 14 Sponsoring Agency Code Prepared in cooperation with the U S Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration 16 Ab
23. Bi Axial Accelerometer Local and Global Directions 14 Figure 3275 Es D ACCelerometer EE 14 Figure 3 8 BS T Local and Global directions xiii eee eee 15 Figure 3 9 Location of Tri axial Sensors 15 Figure 3 10 Shallow Borehole EpiSensor sss esse eee eee eee 16 Figure 3 11 Location of Shallow Borehole sensors installed at Free Field Sites 16 Feur 3 12 Location or Ine ere E 17 Figure 3 13 Sherborne Inclinomicter Sensor 2 221 0 9 0 da duse uid aia eade 17 Figure 3 14 Firstmark Displacement Sensor 18 Figure 3 15 Displacement Sensors Installation sese eee 18 Figure 4 1 Rock Dolomite Central Recording System sss sese eee 19 Figure 4 2 G10 and G20 Rock Dolomite Recording Swvstems ee eee 20 Figure 4 3 Assembly drawing of Dolomite unit Kinematics Drawing 504205 21 Figure 4 4 Kinemetrics Rock Digitizer Data Acquisition System esse eee eee eee 22 Figure 4 5 Wiring Diagram of DAQ Kinematics Drawing 504021 24 Figure 4 6 Real time Switch Model ET SES eere 25 Figure 5 1 Overall System Connection Diagram sse 27 Pouc o2 Eeer 28 Figure 5 3 Defining IP addresses for VPN Connection sss esse eee eee eee eee 28 Figure 5 4 Defined destination IP address 29 Frears 5 0 Enabled VEN hr 29 Figure 6 12 PuTTY Basic TL 22 Figure 6 2 Enabled Connection With Pu seess ees 33 vill Figure 6 3 Web Interface Login WIBOOW ege E 35 Figure 6 4 Web
24. DH Inclinometer Sensor At Superstructure W Box Girder WEB 4 Web Line Q dipucemens Sensor Between Superstructure and Vertical Support DE CK FR AMIN G P SCALE 1 16 1 0 Figure 3 3 Overall Layout of Second Half of the Bridge Hilo Side 11 Table 3 2 provides an overview of Sensors installed all around the bridge indicating locations that have been selected for installation The second column shows relative symbol of each sensor used in Figures 3 2 and 3 3 Table 3 2 Number and Location of Each Type of Sensor Installed Number of Sensors installed On On On On On Type of Sensor Symbol Deck Pier Pier Abutment Abutment SES E H2 H1 2 Uni Axial ES U2 o e ee Bi Axial 7 Epi ES B Accelerometer l XU L Shallow Borehole 4 SBEPI lnl B e 3 2 Accelerometer Uni axial Sensors ES U2 Uni axial Sensors shown in Figure 3 4 are used to measure One Directional acceleration of the structure at a particular location and direction For simplicity this model is defined as ES U2 in most cases For protection the sensors are enclosed in waterproof anodized aluminum rectangular housing Since the ES U2 is extremely low noise it can detect motions of the ambient vibration field at bridge structure from 1 Hz to 200 Hz All ES U2s are installed at the 12 mountain side of the deck Each ES U2 has a local X default direction which indicates North East or Vertical global axis of the
25. EE Lorem T oF iiia l 3 SS SS aS SS 7 Aea omea ama gt i LILILITI La a Se es Eee ee i E Lu LL L EL as See nes be ee A t i La LI L E MER Er i IE Lr inim REEL LER LIT 0 GU El Lr D Dr LU W M AA SEA R L ba Chara X dam DEL t DOCTI DUNT arai c RO waa c CR est 218 op odi TEM T N l N e D MEL K gg H I 1 i 1 naman 7 a 1 l e l cae L L J 1a l LLL L e LL Ls i BI rema EA Tuam LIT rg ag EL Vadis wi ZPS Et ud E LT He E GEZ Ei Sa RE ES Lhe CC dam R gg OE CS DUE a Pami bI rma CR nmn ren C T IN LLL IE ratam l nce N N pR L wu Women emm ae i i I pasan L amen L L I E Ku NET IE ZS l HA LI GRS V icis Ell DLL Lu SO BEA Im i2 ona MEA Basar pa Charre T CS Je 18 CE eT Ll lu dl aime ctr DR 290 EH dre E EM hered 15 CIS Aen ER 7914 TECH e R ie ia nm ae Km so me Tana Ken pg amm ess Hm T us F7 Rika Fk RES Chee T E Am HR EE ORTA HR 1 i K L ver Ka e Se Se EHH el ete ee Er 0 1 59 El LK 89 TEA ri Var um BB ron H CR Yom mia eru DLL 13 HB Figure 8 4 More Detailed view of Static Recorded Data 54 Note that user can zoom pan change display units apply grid lines and sync di
26. EO Paz TOP INTE RAL SPRING IZ TO eee I Ee X J M DISPLACEMENT CABLE THREADED DRM Figure 9 4 How a Position Transducer Works Firstmark Therefore in order to measure the relative displacement between the bridge deck and the supporting piers three stringpot sensors have been installed at each location Also on abutments only one stringpot displacement 1s used Using the angle of each of the transducers we can compute the relative displacement in all three directions Pre Event recorded data sets baseline for displacement then Post Event data determines residual displacement of each sensor Note that in relatively long lengths of the wire its vibration may affect reading data from a displacement sensor 62 This section describes the method used to track the relative position of a sensor using 664 99 66 99 T S three position transducers mounted at known points and t as shown in Figure 9 5 The transducers measure the change in the radius of three spheres that intersect Although the general mathematical problem has two solutions the physical geometry restrains the possible solutions to a single position P Px Py Pz Y y t tx 0 tz S 0 0 sz SZ Figure 9 5 How Three Displacement Sensors Work Together In this situation we have to find point P at Px Py P7 using only the known magnitudes and base points of vectors R S and T Where e First Sensor is at Point r to
27. GS website Hawaii 1s one of 10 US states with high seismic activity due to its close proximity to an active volcano The Island of Hawaii has proven itself to be a significant seismic hazard having experienced earthquakes with magnitude of 7 2 as recently as 1975 Thus this bridge 1s subject to seismic activity and it was required to be designed for an acceleration of 0 4g ASPIRE 2010 Stephens and Robertson 1996 marknakashima blogspot com As shown in figures 1 2 through 1 4 although this bridge is not located in the part of the Big Island with maximum ground motion history its 60 miles distance from the most active part of the Island reflects how it could be affected during future earthquakes Therefore installing seismic instrumentation to record and analyze data is very critical for future bridge designs The final seismic instrumentation plan has modified to accommodate the value engineering change to a base isolated structure Itis the first bridge in Hawaii to be built with seismic base isolation The instrumentation program was planned in concert with the design of the bridge structure system of digital seismic instrumentation was installed during 2012 to monitor the dynamic response of the bridge and its performance during earthquakes and ambient traffic All instrumentation systems are interconnected and the system is capable of recording and transferring data to various locations including the research center at the Un
28. HER COMPONENTS SHOWN FOR REFERENCE ONLY 1 SEE 504200 DRAWING FOR REFERENCE ONLY NOTES Figure 4 3 Assembly drawing of Dolomite unit Kinematics Drawing 504205 21 4 2 RockDigitizer One important part of the Rock Dolomite system is the Rock Digitizer which plays the role of the brain of the system Figure 4 4 The Rock Digitizer multi channel data acquisition systems DAQ consist of a chassis containing external connectors to interface the system with voltage output from the sensors This project benefits from four Granite Rock Digitizer units two with 24 and two with 36 individual sensor channels deployed on 4 Channel boards The signals from sensors are digitized on individual four channel Analog to Digital Converter boards The signals are then filtered processed by a high speed Digital Signal Processing system and passed over a high speed serial link to the systems main processor This consists of a low power highly integrated processor running Linux and Kinemetrics Rockhound software one Ethernet two serial ports fixed and removable storage devices as well as high resolution sensor inputs The user interaction with the system 1s through the Rockhound software for set up control and operation of the system and through the Front Panel connectors for the physical connection of power sensors communication devices and GPS to the system Figure 4 4 Kinemetrics Rock Digitizer Data Acquisition System 4 3 Rock Digit
29. Interface Welcome Screen 36 Figure 6 5 Web rte Mann EE ee 37 Pieure EE c a Sensor ET TE e EE 39 Figure 7 2 ESI Sensor Data SC E 40 Figure 7 3 ES T Different Serial Number and Axe 4 Figure 7 4 Define Sensors Serial Number 2 9 ee 4 Figure 7 5 Deine Sensors Senstti Vi y conde ee RU RU oeste ee EE 42 Figure 7 6 Detine Hardware Parameters 22 9 etd d oce Eege 43 Figure 7 7 Mmim m Runtime ot DAQ np reet cian dee eR Ue eden uus 44 Figure 7 8 Define Trigger Detrigger and Sensor Votes eee eee 45 Foure 7 9 Network PEISSOEID cocos gd 46 Figure 7 10 Network Layout Display scit eebe 47 Figure 7 I 15 Network Layout Display oie ieee Ra dete aa 48 Figure 7 12 Advanced Features MEA 49 Figure 8 1 Recorded Data on Web Interface 32 Figure 8 2 Extended View of Recorded Data 53 Figure 859 Interactive File Vie Wer TT 54 Figure 8 4 More Detailed view of Static Recorded Data 54 Figure 8 5 Waveform viewer in Web Tarte 55 Figure 8 6 Live Wavefotti V L 55 Figure 8 7 Live Waveform view of Different Units sese seen 56 Figure 9 12 EF S U2 Sensor E S Figure 9 2 Amplitude Phase and Step Response of Accelerometer 59 Figure 9 3 How Sherborne Inclinometer Works Sensorland 60 Figure 9 4 How a Position Transducer Works TFrspmark 62 Figure 9 5 How Three Displacement Sensors Work Together sss 63 lioure 9 6 OPSIE Pale 11 E 66
30. S T cunvent 301900 301923 pdf Users Guide Supplemental Information Document 301923 N EpiSensor FBA Model FBA ES T Rev NC 301929a pdf Users Guide EpiSensor FBA Model FBA Es U2 Document 301929 Rev A C 301934c pdf Users Guide EpiSensor FBA Model FBA SBEPI MN SU 302415g pdf Kinemetrics Strong Motion Analyst a 302415 304702n pdf Kinemetrics Rockhound User Manual a 304702 Apnote 52a pdf Borehole Accelerometer Installation oe Note 52 Dolomite System Drawings pdf Dolomite System Drawings BEEN RER ES T Calibration sheets sheets pdf Eee eon ES U2 Calibration sheets 1 sheets 1 pdf G203 test data sheet pdf G203 test data sheet G2 13 test data sheet pdf G213 test data sheet 76 Table 11 3 List of Sensor Drawings Filename 105075c pdf 105080b pdf 110535 pdf 110560f pdf 110563b pdf 110574a pdf 110575a pdf 110578a pdf 110579 pdf 110583a pdf 110584 pdf 111094 pdf 111095 Y Y ZZa pdf 504021a pdf 504022b pdf 504090 pdf 504091a pdf 504162 pdf 504163 pdf 504200 pdf 504205 pdf 504208 pdf 504260 pdf 504395 pdf FirstMark Controls Displacement Sensor Data sheet s021k pdf shallow borehole assy pdf Title Loading Pole Clamp Assembly Drawing Down Hole Yoke Adapter Assembly J Box Shallow Borehole Assembly Shallow Borehole Shallow Borehole Outertube Bracket Tongue Shallow Borehole Support Yoke Adapter Episensor Top Centering Spider 3 Shallow Borehole Bottom Centering Spider Shallow Boreh
31. SEN ES TREE dms EE 68 Figure 9 8 Multi Channel Acceleration Time Series 69 l1eure 9 9 Velocity Linie eL 69 Pieure 9 10 Displacement TMe SONE 522 need obedece e ee 70 Figure 9 11 Absolute Acceleration Response Spectra sss 70 Figure 9 12 Relative velocity Response Spectra sse 71 Figure 9 13 Relative Displacement Response Spectre eee eee 71 Ficure 9 14 Tripartite Response Spectra uices vios EE 12 List of Tables Table 3 1 Number of different sensors installed sss 10 Table 3 2 Number and Location of Each Type of Sensor Installed 12 Table 3 3 Latitude and Longitude of Cylindrical Borehole Sensors 16 Table 4 1 Summary of Rock Dolomite Units eese eterne 20 Table 6 1T Required Loom niotor PUT DX e ent t hn oes 33 Table 6 2 Required Login Info for Web Interface 36 Table 11 1 Number of Different Sensors Installed on each DAQ 75 Table 11 2 List of Manuals and Sensor Documentations ccccccseeeeseeseeeeseeeseeeens 76 Table Ides E e Ee SE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Introduction Kealakaha Stream Bridge is located on Hawaii Belt Road on the Island of Hawaii and traverses a 165 ft deep and 610 ft wide ravine This structure is situated approximately 33 miles northwest of Hilo and provides for traffic traveling from Hilo to the northern part of the Island According to US
32. a eet EAER 52 SA Erc UVE FIE dior 54 So Waveform E E 55 CHAPTER 9 ANALYZING RECORDED DATA 57 vi 9 1 Accelerometer Sensors eee ee 57 0 2 ett 60 9o Displacement EISE 62 9 4 Kinemetrics Strong Motion Analyst Software MA 65 CHAPTER 10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS eese 73 CHAPTER 11 7 APPENDIXE S eieaa a ENEE 75 11 1 Appendix A Sensors Installed on Each DAQ Un 75 11 2 Appendix B Table of Documentation sss ee 76 CHAPTER 12 REFERENCE EE 79 List of Figures Figure 1 1 View of old and new bridges Nakashima 20101 l Figure 1 2 Hawaii Seismicity and Bridge Location USGS 2 Figure 1 3 Seismic Activity History in Hawaii USGS sss 3 Figure 1 4 Horizontal Ground Acceleration g at a 0 2 Second Period With 2 Probability of Exceedance in 50 Years USGS 3 Figure 2 1 Bridge location on Big Island Hawaii Chang 20031 5 Figure 2 2 Installation of the 6 drop in Girder Lines for Span No 2 CPPR 2009 6 Figure 2 3 Seismic Isolators Installed at Piers and Abutment sss f Figure 2 4 Bridge plan and elevation view 8 Figure 3 123 D Model Of the Bid T 9 Figure 3 2 Overall Layout of First Half of the Bridge Honokaa Side 11 Figure 3 3 Overall Layout of Second Half of the Bridge Hilo Sude eee 11 Figure 3 4 ES U2 Uni Axial Accelerometer Sensor 13 vll Figure 3 5 ES U2 Local and Global Direction 13 Figure 3 6 ES B
33. ads the 22 feet by 6 feet rectangular piers were designed to be 42 feet tall In addition precast concrete casings were required around the bottom of the piers to isolate them from the backfill A significant number of soil nails were required to stabilize the steep cuts needed to locate footings Each pier footing was to be supported by sixteen 5 feet diameter drilled shafts Revised Design of the Bridge The main concern of contractor was constructing sixteen drilled shafts for each pier footing and abutment The slope terrain and environmental controls that the project would require the deep foundations and the soil nail walls made access all but impossible The contractor then suggested designing a Base Isolated bridge that would reduce the demand on the piled foundation In new design super girder that was developed by Washington State Department of Transportation WSDOT was considered The solution then became cast in place concrete variable depth box girders cantilevered from each pier with precast bulbtee girders spanning between both cantilever ends for the center span and between the cantilever ends and the abutments for the end spans as shown in Figure 2 2 d ed FEL til p lt 14 M T aS e m c mmm NE 0 Y Z 1 et le sa Jj I a Nat c Pan da 1 LN a T Wer D uns IA aie Saat ve T ert Juli CLE FIT T mr i Tw E d AN weis CN ve Taupin D d L Te q dl ar
34. all layout for all these sensors installed throughout the bridge and the free field sites There are also two Tri axial sensors installed one at each abutment which is not shown in these figures since it is directly installed below the Tri axial and rotation sensor at beam A Location and orientation of each sensor are provided by Tauaika et al 2013 10 37 el ap WP Reference Line Ste 209413 Free Field Sensors Drop i Girder Waz 10 2 E L lt rel TS M ES T Sensor At Superstructure 2 Girder Line ES B sensor At Superstructure S Drop in Girder Spon 2 m eg D za Sensor AtSuperstructure 3 Legend d Neu Our D acis ometer Sensor At Superstructure A ES T Sensor At Pier Footing S SES Type A Displacement Sensor Between Superstructure and Vertical Support Karab Diagon K DECK FRAMING PLAN W Box Girder WEB 4 Web Line s M Gw iw iF ig Free Sen DIS said 3 16 uZ amp gu aur 29037043Y M wee Hit a 729 AN es Edge of deck above Beam B Tp prp EE iaaiiai bm mn REEL 12072 LLL Ln tal Legend 10 2 We D Drap h Girder E 2 Grow Line Legend 26 5C ES T Sensor At Pier Footing 2 Spon f ES T Sensor At Superstructure A H et PIN o BRS Peas Vane ES U Sensor At Pier Footing T C Precast Girder Type L ex Sensor At Superstmcture L Ke j
35. ameters Hardware Edit of hardware specific parameters System Operation Edit of application specific parameters Layout Display Graphical display of the module layout Channel Summary Displays a table of channel configurations Site Summary Displays summary information for the site including networking setup Apply Changes Now Apply parameter changes and restart Advanced Features Access to more advanced setup options which are hidden by default and can be activated by clicking on Advanced Features and adding each desired feature Runtime Log A display of the run time log file Error Log A display of the error log file Maintenance Log Make maintenance history entries Documentation Online documentation access Connect Connect for console use or file transfers Limited Access Relinquish Full Access to other users Kinemetrics Web Site www kmi com Kinemetrics Contacts Kinemetrics Contact page Technical Support E mail support kmi com Local Events Link to Local events web site using current GPS position On site weather Link to local weather widget e Location map Link to mapping web site based on current GPS position For more information regarding Rockhound software PuTTY and Web Interface please refer relative manuals as listed 1n Appendix B 38 CHAPTER 7 DEFINE SENSORS PARAMETERS VIA WEB INTERFACE As discussed earlier this report 1s focused on a user friendly Web Interface tool designed to communicate with Rock D
36. annel tme aligns samples from mutple digtirers and sends t to the data stream Bere Mubichannel date recorder formar ndependent that records a anes ae oa event NH pomo emaent 0000000000000 Extracts status mformation from the data strear and publishes t out to the run tme parameters from which t may be ratus tens Internet Protected Mods On gt n lt Figure 7 10 Network Layout Display 7 9 View Channel Summary To see summary information of all channels on a DAQ the user can click on Channel summary link on the left menu Figure 7 11 47 Station KMI Windows Internet Explorer provided by KMI Internet rss cos QQU Ae le 1001146 3 49 x H Googie P xw Favorites 53 Suggested Sites ge KMI Wiki inside 6 KMI Wiki outside ov E r Pager Safetyv Tooke BW D Station KMI Channel Configuration Summary System type Grante Kinemetrics Granite Serial number 101 KMI Number of channels bh Number of streams incl SOH 22 SoH streams deg hum vvb vep vec cpu dsk Ica vco ice Overview Log out State of heakh Triggering amp sensors ensor Type d tange Recorded files bh Jo 200 22 Episensor Tails ou Interactive file viewer c2 20032 Episensor aj s ov 1 253v a be ect s cs oo 2 Episensora ov 1 2494v oho dee E ca 2oo s2 Episensertalls ov 1 2508v a 4 Layout display Is es boobs EpiSensor a 5 0v 1 2508v 9 4 Channel summar
37. ase and Step Response of Accelerometer Conversion of the channel data to Engineering units further requires that user know the sensitivity value which is the sensor s conversion of Volts g This value has to be defined for each channel as discussed in section 7 2 This conversion is done as Counts Full Scale 8388608 Sensitivity Value in g So for example Full scale 20V Sensitivity 10V g 2g sensor e Counts 2097152 one quarter scale e Value in g 2295297 x 205g 8388608 10 By defining all the parameters of sensors for every channel of each DAQ unit as described in chapter 3 all above calculations automatically apply to recorded files from digitizers which are in EVT format Upon downloading raw EVT files as presented in section 8 3 Kinemetrics Strong Motion Analyst software SMA can be used to produce desired outputs and spectra as discussed in section 9 4 59 9 2 Rotation Sensor As shown in Figure 9 3 when the inclinometer 1s tilted through some angle O along its sensitive axis mass A tries to move in the direction of tilt as a result of a force torque applied to the mass by the normal component of gravitation acceleration The resulting changes in position of mass A 1s detected by position sensor B which produces an error signal output This DC error signal 1s fed to a servo amplifier whose output is a DC current coupled to the armature of torque motor C through Ro Current app
38. ate in demo mode Demo mode allows user to perform all of the calculations and operations SMA is capable of but will restrict the ability to save files or print graphs 65 Opening File When opening a data file for input select open through either the File menu or the Open tool bar button Figure 9 6 A file selection dialog will be presented that will allow selection of the file type among the available types as well as the capability of navigating through the available directories to locate the file The files we open to analyze for this project are in EVT format F KMIAMyProjects SMA E vents 9613 cfr evt SHA amp x File Edi View Compute Help ZINI Sale llr A I Sl Station ID CFR Channel 1 CFRL 1 30 1996 30 4 36 58 000 2 000000 1 000000 Look in a Events D Si e i CeO01 evt al whit_366 evt aa x more evl i a dummy evt al WOU evt al Zu001 evt ja Pppeq33 evt al W1021 evt EI ja Pppeq34 evt an wW1022 evt c Sl St001 evt a xnDOT evt o Whit Ax E 0 000000 a whit evt a Xx evt 5 o File name Filesoftype Event Fies evy Cancel x E vent Files evt EE Trigger Files DESEN VOLI Fies E VOL2 Files v2 VOL3 Files v3 ASCII Files asc ASCII Files 0 2 000000 0 000 20 000 40 000 60 000 80 000 Time sec Ready INUM Figure 9 6 Opening File in SMA Editing File After opening an EVT file it may be desirable to edit some of
39. bnail includes response of 18 or 12 channels for 36 or 24 channel DAQ unit respectively These pictures are small files for fast download and display They show only enough detail to help user distinguish which files are sensor tests meaningful triggers or useless noise data To see more detail user can click on each picture to see an expanded static picture Figure 8 2 Eis He ET KANT alaa tarn Foker pn ei L DLE s c Ed gi le dal 1040 1 Hi A Mi Xx A8 Trogi p zi k File di View Foner Tech Help x Ei Ze Faventes Saar Sie lt E lt E lt N om o Bags Seb Tek amp UG oZ E station KIZ J ges Va e Ludi VA C BT E E z 4 734 Kinemetrics Granite d TIME CSECOMDZ Station KMI a4 FO Deeg E Log out S State gf hegth a 0 3 fonm wawe 4 70 nd NHE cena E fig vwag PM Parameters Hacderarg 2 zr onerata L t dachy Anok ges now 4 7204 Advanced Features Toak SIN CSECOMSSA Buntma ioo te Mantanancs pg 1 s E Limted sorei 4 70 Links 18 Enemi Sab sg IR CEECONDIA Keeser contacts w h Eti L events Dn pts sia et T SR mm nameri 7901 Al Eres Ee ERT E IR A E Denis AB lmiernpl Protected Mode Ce Ea Y ABS E gg OE c oma 000000 CERE a 3 Figure 2 Extended View of Recorded Data Individual files can be downloaded by clicking the file name e g aza001 evt and selecting save Files can be deleted by selecting it or
40. ceiving and analyzing data recorded by the seismic instrumentation installed on the Kealakaha Stream Bridge on Hawaii Island The instrumentation 1s designed for monitoring the dynamic response of the bridge during ambient traffic and seismic activity The acceleration data collected from the instrumentation will be used for a number of important studies such as e To identify the structure s fundamental and most significant frequencies under ambient traffic loading These will represent the elastic response of the structure e To identify the structure s fundamental and most significant frequencies under various levels of ground motion depending on the seismic activity occurring on the island in the future e To investigate soil structure interaction effects for local soil conditions e To compare the analytical model used in the design of the structure with the recorded motion of the structure This study will provide valuable information regarding the structural assumptions that should be made when modeling similar structures in the future e To evaluate the forces and stresses induced in the structural elements including pier axial load bending and shear and precast girder bending and axial stresses This will allow for prediction of the performance of these elements when subjected to a design magnitude earthquake e To monitor the structural displacements and evaluate the adequacy of the base isolation bearings and expansion joints provid
41. d as SMA throughout the rest of this document This software 1s a Windows based interactive processing tool that features instrument correction data editing filtering ground motion integrations Fourier and Response Spectra calculations and vl v2 v3 file format output Supports up to 18 data channels Each output file of this project contains response for either 12 or 18 channels up to 5 damping values and up to 100 period values SMA allows editing of EVT file time series data allowing for both insertion of data at the beginning and end of the file or deletion of data from the beginning or end of the file SMA provides functions for AVD processing that include instrument and baseline correction SMA also includes spectral processing to create graphs of e SA Spectral Acceleration Absolute Acceleration Response Spectra e SD Spectral Displacement Relative Displacement Response Spectra e SV Spectral Velocity Relative Velocity Response Spectra e FA Fourier Amplitude Spectra e PSV Pseudo Velocity Response Spectra on the tripartite plot e PSA Pseudo Acceleration Response Spectra on the tripartite plot e PSD Power Spectral Density e FFT Fast Fourier Transform Installation SMA has been installed on a laptop assigned to this project Note that SMA program uses a HASP software lock also sometimes called a key This key 1s required for the normal use of SMA Without a working key SMA will oper
42. dditional PSD and FFT buttons will appear am the Wavelcrm Viewer screens which will allow you to open additional screens to display real time PSO ami HIT plate for selected channels aici Jee int Fnac Dann Irrigrngi Protected Mode Ge f OS ka Figure 6 4 Web Interface Welcome Screen Press OK to go on to the Overview screen shown in Figure 6 5 36 1B Station KMI Windows Internet Explorer provided by KMl Internet a S as Ka le http 110 0 1 146 T E 4 x B Goog E Pp qm Favorites 5 Suggested Sites v KMI Wiki inside e KMI Wiki outside Le s Ej lt Dages Safetyy Tools ei i Station KMI Triggered No Events count 5 Total events 1197 tri e Last Trager data time N A e EE Last event RTC N A tati Alarm Off s on KMI Timing system type GPS Time quality 100 Overvew Last timing lock 2011 01 07 01 24 40 GMT Log out Timing locked since 2011 01 07 00 03 40 GMT Srate of heakh GPS Position 34 150364N 118 101170E 204m Waveform viewer Temperature 30 5c Triggerng amp sensors Humidity 30 0 Recorded files Battery 13 2 Charging Interactive file viewer Storage 2 5 GB FREE Parameters Hardware em jon Geess System Info Channel summary rege F Site summary k erial number 1 Apply changes now aelou ar ystem started on 2011 01 07 00 02 18 GMT Advanced features sindici at s E estart count 3928 Tools Lx L o TELE lumber of streams incl SOH 22 Runtime ing
43. dy Figure 9 13 Relative Displacement Response Spectra 2 Station ID ALTUS S N 163 Channel 1 a F KMI MyProjects S MAKE vents 1 3 evt SHA 04 23 1997 9 56 16 local 102 S KAXLIXNVKAXLXNVTVKA X TXAINZK AX TS LIP Det eh N V i IS i d i ud d S M SN el VKA X DNIK OLX INSCR DX RSV SE NE S CV SOC XC EK TE UNSC WINS VN YVA S SEH B dk Ste E T NC LR I YN PN NB 1 SN VP d ch UN ch v Sch aN KR SPA Eve ga A SEN X SS m Sat LR E CG MG A AKNS 10 L 10 e T s u ASd Period sec Figure 9 14 Tripartite Response Spectra 12 CHAPTER 10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS This report represents the process developed for receiving and analyzing data recorded by the seismic instrumentation installed on Kealakaha Replacement Bridge in Big Island Hawaii As the conclusion following items are listed e The instrumentation is designed for the long term monitoring of the time dependant behavior and potential effect of the structure due to ambient and seismic activity e n total 69 sensors and 4 DAQ units have been installed on various locations of the bridge e All four DAQ units are connected to each other though a Real time Switch By triggering each sensor all other sensors start recording data Recorded data include 5 sec pre trigger and 5 sec post trigger responses and these periods can be modified through the DAQ web interface e Since the distance between th
44. e two piers is more than 100 meters which could cause downfall in signal voltage transmitted 1n between a real time switch converts the signal from electrical to a light signal The signals are then transmitted by fiber optic line to reduce power loss over the transmission distance Each unit then converts received light signals to the format of electrical data e Recorded files are accessible at UH Manoa via a Dish internet connection by authorized users e Upon receiving data user can analyze them utilizing Strong Motion software that features instrument correction data editing filtering ground motion integrations Fourier and Response Spectra calculations e The acceleration data collected from the instrumentation will be used to obtain elastic response of the structure and fundamental and most significant frequencies of the bridge under various levels of ground motion e Analyzed data will be used to monitor the structural displacements and evaluate the adequacy of the base 1solation bearings and expansion joints provided in the structure e This instrumentation project will allow for prediction of the performance of similar structures when subjected to a design magnitude earthquake by evaluating forces and stresses induced in the structural elements including pier axial load bending and shear and precast girder bending and axial stresses e Comparing analytical model used in the design of the structure with the recorded motion of the str
45. ed in the structure lii Acknowledgment This report 1s based on a Master s Plan B report prepared by Mehdi Ghalambor under the direction of Prof Ian Robertson The authors wish to thank Dr David Ma for his assistance in reviewing and critiquing this report The authors also wish to thank Mitchell Pinkerton for his technical assistance in this project as well as Austin Rogers and Solomone Tauaika for their assistance with installation of the instruments This project was funded by the Federal Highway Administration and Hawaii Department of Transportation Research Branch This support is gratefully acknowledged The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the state of Hawaii Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration This report does not constitute a standard specification or regulation Table of Contents CHAPTER D INTRODUCTION ebenian usc dut equa habec odio dud Lisa dade hd iL l Lb Ioden E l CHAPTER 2 BRIDGE OVERVIEW AND BACKOGROUND sese 5 244 Brido Beie EE 5 2 2 Bridge Background Design and Development 5 2 9 Seismic eT T fice sie eee agate aia nner abides 7 CHAPTER 3 INSTRUMENTATION OVER VIEW sss sese 9 Dol Sensor LAV Mm 10 3 2 Accelerometer Uni axial Sensors ES UI 12 3 3 Accelerometer Bi axial Sensors ES B
46. endix B 18 CHAPTER 4 ROCK DOLOMITE AND ROCK DIGITIZER OVERVIEW 4 1 Rock Dolomite System Overview The Dolomite Central Recording System is designed for structural monitoring systems in buildings allowing easy field installation batteries for several days of autonomy and other components in a rugged enclosure which is designed to meet the requirements of a NEMA 6P enclosure equivalent to IP67 In the Kealakaha Bridge instrumentation project 4 Dolomite Central Recording Systems have been installed and each includes the following major components which will be discussed more throughout this chapter 24 or 36 sensor channels consisting of 4 Channel boards Granite Rock Digitizer Data Acquisition System DAQ 4 deep cycle sealed gel cell Batteries Real time Switch converts electrical signal to light signal and vice versa E SE x y Real time Switch 36 Sensor Channels 36 Channel Granite Rock Digitizer Data Acquisition System DAQ 4 Sealed gel cell Batteries Figure 4 1 Rock Dolomite Central Recording System 19 In the Kealakaha Bridge project two 24 Channel and two 36 Channel Rock Dolomite Central Recording Systems labeled G10 G20 G30 and G40 have been installed at the top of the two piers as shown in Figure 4 2 Table 4 1 Summary of Rock Dolomite Units Figure 4 2 G10 and G20 Rock Dolomite Recording Systems Dimensions and weight e Width 22 5 57 cm Depth 16
47. erage a DAQ 1s able to save and store approximately 38 000 event files The data will then be transferred by modem to each of the institutions with access to the data The University of Hawaii will analyze the data with respect to the structural performance parameters such as e Elastic response of the structure e Soil structure interaction effects for local soil conditions e Forces and stresses induced in the structural elements including pier axial load bending and shear and precast girder bending and axial stresses e The structural displacements and evaluate the adequacy of the bearings and expansion joints provided in the structure A report of the recorded data will be available shortly after the event A subsequent report detailing the performance of the structure will follow within a few months of the event 8 3 Access to Stored Data Web interface can be used to access recorded files by selecting Recorded Files from the left pane Figure 8 1 Que 100 3106 cTan x OB esie gm ur Teea a P hpn Se EG E Win nede gr E i daie fi Li a em e Eege fete Trail lt ES oi D Ve iw 2 EHS En Tac soot sai E rama 2090 2011 Al Ee Wepsresd IE bal e hai great Protected Mode Ce i Pr Figure 8 1 Recorded Data on Web Interface 52 Each of the thumbnail pictures shown on Figure 8 1 represents one recorded file in EVT format as shown Each thum
48. figure itself to make the changes This may take a few minutes until the system is restarted and operational with your changes 49 For more details about serial numbers of each sensor also particular channel that each axis has assigned to please refer to the report by Tauaika et al 2013 For more information regarding parameters discussed in this chapter also more details about characteristics of each sensor please refer to the relevant manual as listed 1n Appendix B 50 CHAPTER 8 RECEIVING AND STORING DATA 8 1 Voting Trigger levels are the level at which the system will decide that a channel is triggered and that it should contribute that channel s votes toward triggering the entire system The default behavior of the Network Trigger module is that it is assigned one vote to trigger the system Without making any further edits all four Rock digitizer units will discover each other and will automatically trigger one another So if one unit triggers due to a console trigger seismic trigger timed recording or sensor test then all interconnected units will trigger A CGS Voter is available in the current system In this voter a channel is considered triggered if it has filtered data values that exceed the specified level for that channel Correspondingly a channel is considered detriggered if no values exceed the specified level Note that the levels used change depending on whether the system as a whole is triggered
49. ial Number 35149 Date 6 3 2009 E 4 9982 Volts g Span atl zg Span at 1g 2 4992 Volts g Volts e d Valais 200 C VS ERBOSE 100 h itn el A eg S eee SEA 150 Aeb sia 80 Frequency Hz WW Frequency Hz Figure 7 2 ES T Sensor Data Sheet 7 1 Edit Serial Number of Sensors As shown in Figure 7 1 each accelerometer has a unique serial number however there is two different serial numbers for each sensor e Unit Serial Number Is a serial number assigned to each rectangular box protecting ES U2 ES B or ES T sensors e Axis Serial Number Each sensor has another serial number for each axis it includes As shown in Figure 7 1 for each X Y and Z axis there is one particular serial number which has to be defined in the system utilizing web interface Note that axes of a sensor are connected to different channels shown in Figure 4 1 therefore as shown in Figure 7 40 3 a serial number or any other parameters are assigned to the relative channel of each axis of a sensor Connected to Local Axis X Global Axis V ck Channel 17 G10 Serial 35148 Connected to Local Axis Y A Global Axis N MEETS A Channel 18 G10 Serial 35149 Connected to Local Axis Z Global Axis E J Channel 19 G10 Serial t 35150 ES T Unit Serial 3626 Figure 7 3 ES T Different Serial Number and Axes To define or edi
50. idity levels of up to 100 which matches with the location of this project 1n Big Island Hawaii however a desiccant pack 1s provided to be placed in each sensor as well as Dolomite units in order to control humidity and reduce condensation 4 5 RockDigitizer Wiring Diagram Figure 4 5 shows the wiring diagram used in Data Acquisition Systems 23 Ir e T T E EJER TET RED INDICATUR CHARGER 117VAC 12VDC EEN INDICATUR Ac SOLID STATE RE t em LAY P N 7100816 Pg eISB VD OUTLETS AC vm INE Nen UTRAL GROUND DIE Lead Cl ws N aeur AUXILLIARY uz leo Ac 841129 G 840538 L Jr ege S RECEPTACLE B52632 Gig I MALE P LUG PINS 4X Pi 852627 652631 TO ROCK POWER CONNECTOR CONNECTOR ax Zoe O6EC14 125x54 55217 3 BB0DB BELDEN 48750 840106 FUSE HOLDER 5 B4108S BRAIU TUBING f Fus 40189 84039 USE 15A 4 Ben o a TO ENCLOSURE d RING RING 3UOR GND l Cus 1 4 BE LUG 10 STUD JU ENCLOSURE 14 PEE D GND STUD 2 852013 RING TO GRANITE 7 f a LC LS 6 N T stets GND STUD SYSTEM GROUNDS CIRCUITS 6 CIRCUITS emn Et pes DUNI SEH 37 08 Da Se A 7 i S E WIRING DIAGRAM 19 Jf Li O ic K lad P de l E os TS a mm sem ee AX WRAP WIRES WITH SPIRAL WRAP BBDOBS AND CABLE TIE AS REQUIRED D SEE PARTS LIST 504020 FL 504021 BATTERIES SHOWN FOR REFERENCE ONLY in Ca NOTES ee Saa BE
51. igitizer units There are some important sensor parameters that have to be defined or edited in future so that we would be able to receive accurate and analyzable data from the sensors Parameters are divided into two main sections This chapter introduces important characteristics of each sensor that need to be define on each DAQ unit To demonstrate these parameters better Figures 7 1 and 7 2 show a data sheet for one Tri Axial ES T accelerometer as an example followed by details of how to define or edit these parameters through web interface EpiSensor FBA ES T Calibration KINEMETRICS Data amp Configuration Sales Order Number zon Shipping Date Unit Serial Number 3826 Oscillator Board Serial Number 5282882 EE e E EUREN Mu Feedback Adapter X gt Ground Jumper Board X Isolated Supply X 12V 12V Single Supply Option NN ME GE 3204 S naat mt LL URN ensor Output Voltage Leve TTL Xx I Standard Standard or Low Noise Output Loo T M Single Ended Differential miim T x E Sensitivity A 10 V G Final Setup Check by 7 8 2009 ECTS R Final Tsen 9 986 F Soral o l E MU HORS mec oe oe Number E X Axis Module 385148 Y Axis Module 35149 2G Z Axis Module A 35150 2G 9995 lt Figure 7 1 ES T Sensor Specifications 39 Ser
52. iversity of Hawaii at Manoa All data that are collected from this instrumentation will be used to identify the structure s fundamental and most significant frequencies calculate deck level acceleration amplification functions investigate soil structure interaction effects and compare the design analytical model with the recorded motion of the structure Stephens and Robertson 1996 Figure 1 2 Hawaii Seismicity and Bridge Location USGS KOHALA Y Kim PROJECT LOCATION SOUTH KOHALA x k ks ba d pr gt X M6 5 1929 Nus L amp a NORTH KONA a SOUTH d HILO I M n 1941 d Mei 1962 j M6 9 1951 j M6 0 1952 x M6 amp 2 1950 M66 1985 M6 5 1951 7 L E v XXM6 5 1954 e M72 1975 a M6 1 1989 E M n 1868X y e E JJ M6 5 1868 Pm d LZ B x Figure 1 3 Seismic Activity History in Hawaii USGS de 23 23 ep 400 360 oer E EE 320 280 217 21 240 200 Project Location 20 20 160 120 197 19 a0 40 18 A 15 n eg AN 180 159 158 157 156 SESCH 154 Figure 1 4 Horizontal Ground Acceleration g at a 0 2 Second Period With 2 Probability of Exceedance in 50 Years USGS CHAPTER 2 BRIDGE OVERVIEW AND BACKGROUND 2 1 Bridge Location The Kealakaha Stream Bridge 1s located on the Hawaii Belt Road app
53. izer Front Panel Status Indicators There are 5 LEDs on the front panel of the DAQ that indicates the following items Power LED light e OFF No power e Steady Green Running off of external power or POE Power Over Ethernet e Flashing Green The system is starting up e Infrequent Green Running off of battery p Status LED light e OFF Working no time source e Steady Red Power supply boot loader turn on Used to load new power supply firmware e Flashing Red System Fault detected e Infrequent Red System Error detected e Steady Green Waiting to turn on In initial start up delays or timed operation window e Flashing Green The system is starting up e Infrequent Green Working a time source is being used e Orange Super capacitor is being charged e Alternating Red and Green The system is shutting down Event LED light e OFF No events e Steady Green Real time data stream e Flashing Green Unused condition e Infrequent Green Events stored Ethernet LED light e ON Ethernet 1OMb link detected e OFF No Ethernet link detected Ethernet Data Amber LED light e ON Ethernet data transmission in progress e OFF Idle 4 4 RockDigitizer Operating Environmental Limitations The digitizer s operating temperature range is 20 to 60 centigrade The digitizer is configured to only charge an attached Sealed Lead Acid battery between 0 0 to 40 0 centigrade Also this system can operate in hum
54. lied to the torque motor armature produces a torque that opposes the gravitational force acting on mass A and moves it back towards its original position Sensorland Briefly this sensor measures angular tilt with respect to the horizon and considering its sensitivity D power Poul i be E pe DC Culu LI j Camping i Hebbani a Sealed housing 4 Sell test Lou i i IB Postion Sensor I d Ze Site C Targus Moor Smp L JA Penaus Mage Figure 9 3 How Sherborne Inclinometer Works Sensorland Upon defining all parameters of a rotation sensor connected to each digitizer by exporting EVT output file of a rotation sensor to SMA software we are able to analyze sensor s response Then as discussed in section 3 6 the R2D method calculates deflection from rotation The R2D method is based on beam theory where the measured rotation is integrated to obtain the deflection It is a forward marching equation which starts at one end of the bridge and calculates the deflection progressively along the bridge A summary of this method 1s discussed here 60 Reviewing beam theory the equation of curvature 1s M x EI x P x Where W x is the curvature M x 1s a function of the bending moment over the length of the beam E is the young s modulus of the material I x 1s a function of the moment of inertia over the length of the beam The moment M x is taken to be a quadratic function M x 3Ax 2Bx C
55. m Bridge Research Report UHM CEE 03 03 University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI Tauaika 2013 Tauaika Solomone Robertson I N and Johnson G P Installation of Seismic Instrumentation on the Kealakaha Stream Bridge Research Report UHM CEE 13 01 University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI ASPIRE 2010 ASPIRE The Concrete Bridge Magazine Summer 2010 Firstmark Firstmark Controls website http www firstmarkcontrols com KMI Kinemetrics Manufacturing and Design website http www kmi com Nakashima 2010 Mark Nakashima Weblog http marknakashima blogspot com 2010 07 kealakaha bridge html HDOT 1995 Hawaii Department of Transportation Sensorland Sensorland Webpage How they work http www sensorland com HowPage088 html Johnson 2007 Johnson Gaur P and Robertson Ian N Structural Health Monitoring Systems for Civil and Architectural Structures LVDT Taught Wire Baselines Crack Monitoring Devices amp Strain Based Deflection Monitoring Algorithms Research Report UHM CEE 07 02 University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI CPPR 2009 Construction progress Photographic report during construction of the bridge May 2009 79 Aki 2005 Aki Kainoa D and Robertson Ian N Deflection Monitoring Systems in Static and Dynamic Conditions Research Report UHM CEE 05 02 University of Hawaii Honolulu HI Chopra Anil K Dynamics of Structures Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering Pearson P
56. no longer included In this project PuTTY program which is provided on the Rock Support Software CD 300654 PL is used and described here PuTTY is a secure terminal program that can be used in Microsoft Windows to open a secure Linux console to the digitizer PuTTY uses the SSH layer to make a secure connection After launching PuTTY first window is as shown in figure 6 1 CG PuTTY Configuration f Category Session Logging Terminal Keyboard Bell Features Basic options for your PuTTY session Specify the destination you want to connect to Host Name or IP address Port IP for G10 122 Connection type Window ORaw O Tehet Rogn 9 SSH Serial Appearance e z Load save or delete a stored session Behaviour Translation Saved Sessions Selection IP for G10 Colours c Connection IP for Gio Data Proxy IP forG20 Seve Telnet IP for G30 Delete Rloain IP for G40 SSH Serial Close window op exit e C Always Never 9 Only on clean exit me es aen Figure 6 1 PuTTY Basic Operation To log into the desired digitizer click on IP address of the unit and press Open To select the correct Unit you can refer details of each as in table 6 1 32 Table 6 1 Required Login Info for PuTTY Code No of PuTTY GIO Se K K KK K
57. ole Top Centering Spider 4 Shallow Borehole Bottom Centering Spider 4 Shallow Borehole Option Mounting GPS Assembly Drawing for GPS 3 Volt Antenna Kit Wiring Diagram Granite Multichannel System Dolomite Enclosure Box Modified GPS Extender Option 200 ft Assembly Drawing for Cable Power Bias Tee Assembly Drawing for EpiSensor Dual Supply Protection Enclosure Assembly Drawing for ES T Dual Supply Protection Enclosure Assembly Drawing for Dolomite Multichannel System Assembly Drawing for 110VAC Option Multichannel System Dolomite Wiring Diagram Option E Net Switch 5 Port 12V DC Sensor Wiring Granite Terminal Boards Kealakaha Bridge ES SBH WHB to Granite TB Wiring y Un Series 6 Miniature Position Transducer Datasheet Shallow Borehole Installation Components and Orientation Poles 78 CHAPTER 12 REFERENCES USGS U S Geological Survey website Earthquake Hazards Program National Seismic Mapping Project 2013 http www usgs gov Stephens 1996 Stephens Todd W and Robertson Ian N Kealakaha Stream Bridge Replacement Seismic Instrumentation Plan Research Report UHM CEE 96 04 University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI Powelson 2010 Powelson Nathan D and Robertson Ian N Seismic Instrumentation of the Kealakaha Bridge Research Report UHM CEE 10 12 University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI Chang 2003 Chang Jennifer B and Robertson Ian N Computer Modeling of the Proposed Kealakaha Strea
58. omatically trigger one another So if one unit triggers due to a console trigger seismic trigger timed recording or sensor test then all interconnected units will trigger 7 8 Network Layout Display By Click on Layout Display option at left hand menu a picture of the current layout along with a brief explanation of each module can be accessed as shown in Figure 7 10 46 LE E ee ee x hie ein KI lalla 3 Googie pe Bd Whe ZA dca K LR B bR We Favertes Teoh Hp x Ei jw Favertes BB Suggested Sites v gt GD 2 mt Bg Bett Th EL E Station Kt Diet CH 1 MCE DATA INTERFACE FILTER DISE CH 2 CLASSIC STRONG MOTION FILTER Dict cH 3 Dict OH 5 CLASSIC STRONG MOTION FILTER ager De s B E D S UH M MIB KR gt STC MOTION Berre nta Dict CH amp TBRESHOLD TRICCER DEL CH tl HOLO DICE DE 17 d D D CHANNEL TARESHOLD ZTROWL STicn ExTAACTOR FILTER TRIGGER Cm IE 7 Unan UPDATE DONTAGL WEB BTATUI SERVER IRA DL SN Zeie Data output formatter that archives the data m Altus ENT format Charnel Extractor EE D Ca Strong eps mne rann trager Star wed for arang mation avere recardng Command console Prowdes a comand mterface ve TELNET to the unt verret rowides 3 web server that slows basic configuration anc control of the unit Dats Integrator Queums up the data for a ch
59. re also reduced by over 60 Two friction pendulum seismic 1solation bearings were installed on each abutment and pier Figure 2 3 Each bearing has an 88 in effective radius of curvature that results in a dynamic period of 3 seconds ASPIRE 2010 lt ZEN Ls lis eun n CT EC ae T x Oa tS Bez 8 Figure 2 3 Seismic Isolators Installed at Piers and Abutments tia 7 3 gt SN c N M i gd Dr i ale E Wegen aed m NE Saak IL 0 fae EE 3 i i n Ip mma a Sx i EET amem tea Tie E e ze IR 7 3 Beam A wanes W amp 1D 2 is 1 Spon f Girder D Drop In Girder E 2 Girder Line N Drop in Girder 26 3C 2 Spon f G Precast Girder 3 J Girder Line C Precast Girder Type mp O CH 210 0 150 0 0 50 0 m 105 0 M Spon ji Box Girder at Pier Span Box Girder ot Pier C oof I li k li Figure 2 4 Bridge plan and elevation view CHAPTER 3 INSTRUMENTATION OVERVIEW The seismic instrumentation plan consists of Thirty four Force Balance Accelerometer sensors FBA e Twenty four Displacement sensors Stringpots Eleven Rotation sensors e Four Data Acquisition units DAQ All these instrumentation have been placed on the bridge structure There are two free field sites including these boreholes at each side of the bridge with SBEPI Shallow Borehole EPI sensor at diffe
60. rent depths below grade The instruments will monitor and record the full motion of the structure including free field motion pile cap translation and rotation deck and abutment accelerations and joint movement This report presents details of setting up appropriate software to record collect and analyze data recorded by the sensors The data acquisition systems used in this project have several standard and optional features which set its minimum characteristics required for recording data Important characteristics such as voting of sensors triggering pre event and post event time variability of recorder threshold range and other parameters are discussed further in chapter 8 Also in order to improve installation and management of system an in scale 3D model including all sensors and wiring has been developed which indicates direction of recorded data by each sensor relative to the location its installed Figure 3 1 3D Model of the Bridge 3 1 Sensors layout There are 69 sensors in total installed on the Kealakaha stream bridge to monitor relative displacement of various points of the bridge during an earthquake including Uni Axial ES U2 Bi Axial ES B Tri Axial ES T Shallow Borehole SBEPI Displacement D and Rotation R as described in table 3 1 Table 3 1 Number of different sensors installed EpiSensor Accelerometer 4 Displacement D 24 Rotation R 11 Figure 3 2 and Figure 3 3 display the over
61. rentice Hall Upper Saddle River NJ Computers and Structures Inc SAP2000 V14 2 Berkeley CA 80
62. roximately 33 miles northwest of Hilo and one mile from the coast This bridge replaces seismically deficient bridge and provides a main transportation access between Hilo and Kailua Kona communities HDOT 1995 Upolu Point et lotolu NoRTH KOHALA W C 2 E EH FA P dE Le A uh en PROJECT LOCATION que Ke a G qune g 33 Laupahoehoe Watkaloa SOL UT H KOHALA 5 fy N P J 24 M TE lt A Gs B a N y d e Ke 2 OL j Sr E ut NIS K S j 2 Ten oN YS Si KeaAote l ORTH KONA fa SOUTH L E C del Ps 7 gt Mm T F k d U HILO E A A m x A PES KN dd d A EA T j t Y 3 X Fw d d Mouna Lee ec re N auna Lee A wm X Xu Lech Aug Kapoko Zonaunau E z wv Ge i E i f e m E A L A z a 5 e rY 0 A fe l A X E Punaluru LR e e K K i Eu C Kalae p Point Figure 2 1 Bridge location on Big Island Hawaii Chang 2003 2 2 Bridge Background Design and Development Original Design of the Bridge The original contract plans called for a three span single cell box girder without a concrete overlay and with depths ranging from 10 ft to 20 ft The 180 ft long end spans were designed to be constructed on false work Due to the length required between piers and steep terrain below segmental cantilever construction was selected as the best option for the 360 ft 5 long center span In order to increase the period of the bridge and to decrease foundation lo
63. rs get Limited Access read only Admin users who are given Limited Access can force the other Admin user to log off so that they can obtain Full Access Client users are not affected since they only have Limited Access After 60 minutes of inactivity any connected web user will 35 be logged off So if you forget to log out of the Web Interface the system will log you out after this time automatically Log into the unit using the Web Interface username and password assigned to that particular unit as provided in table 6 2 Table 6 2 Required Login Info for Web Interface Code No of MC ME Location Interface Interface Name Channels username password 203 Pier G20 Type a user name and password and press OK Note the semi random usage useful tips Pier 2 Piera Available to ud users only G21 a Pier that displays at login page as shown in Figure 6 4 i You are the only ner bogged r KE KE Minden interne aer povided by EMI temet o Ae Je zen ann 8 se x EB eie Fie udi Vies Femme Tools Heip x E Ze Faverbes oa Z Suppan Sites ES E e lt Page gaty Teh lt GB Ze WS You are the only user logged inzB amp cER You hi You are the only user logged in You have been granted Full Access Usage Hint Real time PSD and FET The Rockhound Waveform Viewer supports real time PAD and APT displays This Teatume p enabled in tha parameters tor the Wavelonmm Viewer meiule Once selected a
64. s in comparison with the layout in Figure 3 12 1s small enough to record similar values The original layout was to place each inclinometer at selected location along the bridge to measure the mode shape of the superstructure This mean the inclinometer will be tilted up and down within their installed location which determines the slope of the entire superstructure throughout the longitudinal direction Honoka 3 Beam C Beam B Midspan Beam D3 Figure 3 12 Location of Inclinometers S Figure 3 13 Sherborne Inclinometer Sensor 17 3 7 Displacement Sensors Firstmark Controls displacement Stringpot sensor is a device that measures displacement via a flexible displacement cable that extracts from and retracts to a spring loaded drum This drum is attached to a rotary sensor as shown in Figure 3 14 w Figure 3 14 Firstmark Displacement Sensor As shown in Figure 3 15 the relative movement between the bridge deck and the vertical supports will be monitored by a set of 3 displacement sensors There are total of 16 relative displacement deployed on the bridge which 4 of them were installed at the Abutments and 12 at the piers Figure 3 15 Displacement Sensors Installation Additional information on the sensor installation is provided by Tauiaki et al 2013 For more information regarding any type of sensors please refer to the relevant manuals data sheets and drawings as listed in App
65. s rather than on the mechanical components of the sensors The influence on the transfer function of the mechanical damping spring elements and internal RC low pass filter in the trans conductance amplifier stage within the closed loop path of the sensor are negligible for this application The manufacturer of this sensor determined empirical model for non linear step and frequency response of the system which uses two pairs of conjugate poles to represent the transfer function of the instrument If this transfer function is corrected for the DC sensitivity of the sensor the amplitude agreement is within 0 5 dB over the bandwidth of the sensor The phase agreement is within 2 5 in the 0 200 Hz band and within 5 over the full bandwidth of the instrument This model can be represented as V s kl k2 A s s p s p s p Xs p Where k1 2 46 x 1013 k2 Sensitivity of sensor in V g from Table 3 1 s is the Laplace transform variable pl 981 10091 Pole 1 p2 981 10091 Pole 2 p3 3290 12631 Pole 3 p4 3290 12631 Pole 4 V s 1s the Laplace transform of the output voltage A s 1s the Laplace transform of the input acceleration Figures 9 2 shows the non linear amplitude phase and step response of this pole zero representation 58 Step Response Frequency Response Amplitude 0 0 002 0 004 0 006 0 008 0 01 i D 50 100 150 200 Time Frequency Figure 9 2 Amplitude Ph
66. s shown in Figure 5 4 28 B Shrew Soft VPN Access Ma File Edit View Help cea Figure 5 4 Defined destination IP address Now by running this connection a tunnel will be enabled to connect any computer to the UH Manoa system which is connected to the Rock Digitizer units as shown in Figure 5 5 configuring client settings iskamp proposal configured esp proposal configured chent configured local id configured remote id configured pre shared key configured bringing up tunnel network device configured tunnel enabled Disconnect Cancel Figure 5 5 Enabled VPN Tunnel Upon enabling such connection or tunnel we can communicate with the Rock Digitizers in three different ways which are discussed in the next chapter 29 30 CHAPTER 6 COMMUNICATE WITH ROCK DIGITIZERS This chapter describes three major different ways of communicating with Rock Digitizers for either basic operations or defining sensor parameters such as e Rockhound Software e Terminal programs e Web Interface Using each one is based on assumption that the system has already been remotely connected to Rock Digitizers as discussed in chapter 5 6 1 Rockhound Software The Rock digitizers are designed to work with standard software and hardware tools wherever possible In these cases Kinemetrics has provided Rock Support Software CD 300654 PL including Rockhound software The Rockhound program is specific to the Windo
67. splays in the X and Y axes Also the viewer will download from the digitizer when it is needed 8 5 Waveform Viewing In addition to being able to view recorded files after they ve been recorded user can also view live waveforms as the data 1s digitized m order to perform qualitative analysis of recorded data To do this select Waveform Viewer from the left menu Figure 8 5 AE afen KMI Windows Internet Explorer proved by KMI Internet Tajo xla G T EP 1051147 e f dn View Favontes Tools Help M om Page gt aleyo Teck We wi ve Favorites m Suggested Sites Station KME Kinemetrics Granite Station KMI Figure 8 5 Waveform viewer in Web Interface Once the list is displayed select one or more virtual channels from the list on the right and then press View Channel Figure 8 6 Figure 8 6 Live Waveform View 55 Note that user can select the display units If selected notice the buttons for live FFT and PSD displays which will produce that window shown in Figure 8 7 PI l MB igh At on c ERI ca File Help Dom H1 0 097 Peake 6 584 0 00 eu 16777215 Gem 1 251 Figure 8 7 Live Waveform view of Different Units For more information regarding utilizing Web Interface to communicate with Rock Digitizer Units please refer to the relevant manual as listed 1n Appendix B 56 CHAPTER 9 ANALYZING RECORDED
68. stract This report presents the process developed for receiving and analyzing data recorded by the seismic instrumentation installed on the Kealakaha Stream Bridge on Hawaii Island The instrumentation is designed for monitoring the dynamic response of the bridge during ambient traffic and seismic activity The Kealakaha Stream Bridge is the first base isolated structure in the state of Hawaii As such it represents an ideal opportunity to monitor the performance of a major bridge structure equipped with base isolation in a region that experiences numerous earthquakes Although the bridge is not located in the most seismic portion of the island it will experience significant ground motion during major events elsewhere on the island A companion report UHM CEE 13 01 provides a detailed description of each type of instrumentation including details of their operation and purpose The sensor locations and instrumentation layouts are also provided and explained Future reports will analyze the data recorded during ambient traffic and future seismic events 17 Key Words 18 Distribution Statement Seismic Instrumentation Base Isolation sensors Accelerometers Data Acquisition 19 Security Classif of this report 20 Security Classif of this page 21 No of Pages 22 Price Unclassified Unclassified Form DOT F 1700 7 8 72 Reproduction of completed page authorized li Abstract This report presents the process developed for re
69. t sensor serial numbers from left hand panel at the web interface select Hardware Parameters then you ll have access to this parameter Gae le menoma o e B r x B we li Fie Edi Wee Foawontes Tools Help A g Ze Faverbes gy B Suggested Sie lt D D 7 oh c Bage Gay Teoh AE iB Station KLS Harihar aro Conlagiratai Unt 10 TEST L ane mma xe m DU here UI South Imm af Cannes El aar ms d aan cha m fle oo 03 m pe en o3p TE et ch m mfe o chs m DIS aa oe m HIE aa ch m Ble laa che ID HIE a che ID Hiel igi Gunn Ltb Te en ch11 m iile soi chaz m Bleu bai Chi 5angtivty DU 1 2508 A hacrseee D 1253 a aen CO Sensitivity iuh S CH i m ch Senstivty ffi 2500 A bo Ch5 Sangtivty DU 12508 a m Chi Eenstzets DIE ae a bet Ch7 Senstity HE a m UR Sensitivity ish 2500 A 1 AB Internet Protected Moda OA f e pn e _ Knemeincs 2000 2010 Al Goes Baren Figure 7 4 Define Sensors Serial Number 4 7 2 Edit Final Sensitivity of Sensors The Sensitivity parameter defines the voltage sensitivity of the sensor The sensitivity value is normally seen as a Volts g value and is related to the Voltage range Note that Final Sensitivities of a sensor shown in the bottom left of Figure 7 1 must be defined for every virtual channel and is made on the Hardware parameters section s m Ee mme DTE
70. tem 48 Password Editing System passwords for the Web Interface are not included in the parameters presented for editing To access the passwords select this feature and choose System Operation and Passwords from the left pane Administrative Details The Administrative Details pane allows you to perform various administrative functions such as Uploading or downloading parameter files Uploading or downloading system registration used for enabling some special features Uploading software updates Creating and sending documentation packages Debug Level Editing The various software modules which contain specialized debugging modes that can be enabled using this pane These modes should only be used by or under the direction of factory personnel Test Modules and Parameters Some specialized modules and parameters are classified as test features and are accessed using this pane They should only be used by or under the direction of factory personnel TELE DR H Ty T 2 Module Add Remove mr Module RE acerant al ret Advanced Modules Al Advanced Parameters 1 Paani Bot ale Figure 7 12 Advanced Features Window 7 11 Save Edited Parameters When you ve finished editing any parameters click OK to save your changes Once you have completed your parameter changes activate the completed parameter changes by selecting Apply Changes Now from the left pane of the display The system will restart and recon
71. the parameter GL le fi 1021 M pa er A8 Gong te B Fe drt View Fontes Tools Help K amp lt ur Ewe ve IB ugani Sila n T E mh Page abe Teo H AA D SS Station KME E bai H a Threshold Loggt ou Bul t 6 U Leet itis EVT Format Data fuchier output rectory DECH opt Jetzen byt Bi FAT e Enannal is o gt pe Racord ony ai lue 9 Dar 3 at rg Separate by cigeizer fe ipm EI mutiie Ges ae keen ZIP onky l H lge lt E Kreretnes 2000 2010 Al Exgerts Macarel ET ETT K liana Bretrcted Made Ce e e Xx ka Figure 7 6 Define Hardware Parameters 7 5 Edit Channel Trigger and Detrigger Votes Trigger levels are the level at which the system will decide that a channel 1s triggered and that it should contribute that channel s votes toward triggering the entire system So when one sensor triggers all other sensors start recording data as well and the advantage of that is we are 43 able to compare displacement and or rotation of the whole bridge at a particular moment The threshold parameter consists of two numbers e Threshold Trigger That is the level in percent of full scale that causes the channel to trigger This value is set to 2 e Threshold De Trigger This is the value in percent of full scale the signal must fall below after triggering for the channel to de trigger This value 1s set
72. them under the corresponding filename s and clicking Delete Selected 53 8 4 Interactive File Viewer The Recorded Files screen described above allows user to overview recorded files using static pictures However often it is necessary to look a little closer For this purpose the digitizer includes an Interactive File Viewer The Interactive File Viewer can be accessed either from the bottom of the Recorded Files page or directly from the left pane It will open in a separate browser window Figure 8 3 Intezacthee File Vimeo Host 10 0 1 147 Part HD Vimy aie Fibes Las deno T0 00118233765 da cht HIMLas data TE DOO E R2 337 26 digni ich Mia ace Hn 001182 33754 dig1 uch t KMLevI ata ewe SD TRA AAT A dat CHE HM Lens This Viner Fequives Zen Applar supper Figure 8 3 Interactive File Viewer To view a file select the filename and press View The file and the Interactive File Viewer application will be downloaded into the PC Figure 8 4 em ci Lee enga B pn PEPS eu F rl fum Teen wile amp BEE Bie te Eam S EM Chee 3 2 as 7919 TOL LA L Reeg N i M LES MM M E AR i i V reest HE none x l f B L a i eS SE ee Se ES li i 1 pb pul T 9 9 E ee a R P P ann Ae num LEH DER LEG KE VT LT niin iT Tum n LI DT T CH DET i HEE Diea L PER Chare ICH dam i cd do C EM waa 1 L la Ti 2918 1 59 C
73. to 1 The de trigger parameter can be used for extending the recording time by setting it to a smaller value than the threshold trigger value For example if full scale range of a sensor is 20V and threshold is set to 2 then the trigger level is 2 of 20V or 0 4V Threshold trigger levels can be modified in the System Operation parameters as shown in Figure 7 8 7 6 Define DAQ Pre Event and Post Event Times Other important parameters are Pre Event and Post Event Time which allow us to determine how many seconds of data before and after triggering and de triggering will be recorded by each DAQ unit Pre Prevent and Post Event times 1s set to 5 seconds also the minimum recording run time of all DAQs is set to 20 seconds thus data will be recorded for a minimum period of 30 seconds The relationship between Triggering Detriggering Pre Event and Post Event is shown in Figure 7 7 Note that all these time periods can be modified on each DAQ unit through the web interface 30 Sec Minimum Recorded Data 20 Sec l Minimum Runtime of a DAQ unit 5 Sec Post Event i D D 5 Sec Pre Event D D Trigger Detrigger Figure 7 7 Minimum Runtime of DAQ These parameters can also be modified in the System Operation parameters shown in Figure 7 8 44 Soter H Winslow Interne Explorer proved by KMI rse E Ze e en anna pm Seo Fie du Yew Fawunter Tools Help K amp dy Favenbes gy W Sunseueh Sites
74. ucture will provide valuable information regarding the structural assumptions that should be made when modeling similar structures in the future 73 e This report provides guidance for future users of the Kealakaha Bridge instrumentation system 74 CHAPTER 11 APPENDIXES 11 1 Appendix A Sensors Installed on Each DAQ Unit Table 11 1 Number of Different Sensors Installed on each DAQ m ou Pier 6203 Honoka Displacement D Rotation R DAQ ID Uni Axial ESU nu Bi Axial ES B SSC Enz PiSensor rri Axial ES T 023 aana Pieri Shallow Borehole SBEPI xia Bee SEMI o Honoka a Displacement D D Rotation R DAQ ID Uni Axial ES U 2 j Bi Axial ES B EpiSensor PEAWal ES B Hr lTri Axial ES T G3036 Pier Shallow Borehole SBEPI G202 Hilo Displacement D Rotation R DAQ ID Uniaxial FSU Pr si ES B SE ERN EpiSensor piSensor Tri Axial ES T 0023 aana o ier Shallow Borehole SBEPI MERE 6293 Hilo Displacement D Rotation R 75 11 2 Appendix B Table of Documentation Table 11 2 List of Manuals and Sensor Documentations E Title Document Number and Version 300690a pdf Rock Digitizer Quick Set Up Guide E 300715G pdf Rock Digitizer User Manual Documents 300715 Rev G 300717 pdf Rock Extended Serial Interconnect Manual RG 300717 Rock Dolomite Central Recording System Document 300718 301900d pdf Users Guide EpiSensor FBA Model FBA E
75. waterproof anodized aluminum rectangular housing As shown in Figure 3 8 each ES T has local X local Y and local Z default directions that each indicates North East or Vertical global axis of the project based on installation direction Figure 3 7 ES T Accelerometer Sensor 14 Figure 3 8 ES T Local and Global directions There are twelve Tri axial sensors in total used in this project and ten of them are installed symmetric at the Abutments and Piers as shown in Figure 3 9 Honokaa lt L His S e d x L IR a aN 3 Beam DI x SST EE 3627 7 Ltr emm Beam C Base line 3630 Beam B M Beam B Midspan Beam D3 Figure 3 9 Location of Tri axial Sensors 3 5 Shallow Borehole Sensors SBEPI The Kinemetrics Model SBEPI is a triaxial downhole package useful for relatively shallow borehole installations The unit consists of three EpiSensor force balance accelerometer modules mounted orthogonally in one small package as shown in Figure 3 10 The diameter of the SBEPI is 2 625 in making it suitable for installation down a borehole 15 Figure 3 10 Shallow Borehole EpiSensor In total there are six sensors used in this project monitoring ground motion at two free field sits at each end of the bridge Four are SBEPI cylindrical shape and two are ES T Tri axial sensors The free field site instrumentation helps identify the ground motion and determine field activities during an earthquake The
76. ws Operating Systems In case of running Linux suitable programs are easily available for those Operating Systems For example For Linux e For Telnet Use telnet e For Serial Terminal Emulation Use minicom e For Secure Terminal connections Use ssh e For Secure File Transfers Use sftp Rockhound is a product designed to process data from one or all four digitizers performing the functions on that data that are needed by the end user These functions can include among many other capabilities e Continuous recording e Triggered event recording e Storage management e Telemetry reformatting and relaying e Data delivery e Data post processing 31 The Rockhound firmware design is highly modular These modules may be connected together in many different ways Written 1n Java the firmware can also be run on a variety of platforms including Microsoft s Windows Operating Systems Sun Microsystems Solaris Operating System and the Linux Operating System This report 1s more focused on easy to use Web Interface as prior way of connection to DAQs For more information regarding Rockhound software please review Rockhound user manual Kinemetrics Document 304702 N also listed in Appendix B 6 2 Terminal Programs PuTTY In order to communicate with the digitizer through a serial port we need a terminal program Historically this was done on Windows based computers using HyperTerminal However in Windows Vista HyperTerminal is
77. y k ke 200 32 Epiensorta s ov 1 2508v o fsg eee pum S rie G c7 200 32 Episensor aj s ov 1 2508v o fag Advanced features le ke boobs EpiSensor a s ov 1 2508v g ao is s co 20052 Episensorra s ov 1 2508v a 4o eme zo c10 200 22 EpiSensor a 5 0v 1 2508v g ba T Zt Scale Maintenance log i cii 200 32 EpiSensor a s ov 1 2508v a bo Documentation i2 ci2 200 laz Episensorra s ov 1 2508v oho Connect Limited access Links Show voting details Kinemetrics web site Configuration as of 2011 01 07 01 27 50 GMT Kinemetrics contacts Tech support email Local events On site weather Location map Kinemetrics 2000 2011 All Rights Reserved Done ox Internet Protected Mode Off fay RS e Figure 7 11 Network Layout Display 7 10 Web Interface Advanced Futures In basic operation of the system these features are often unneeded and as such are hidden to simplify normal operation To access and edit these features click on Advanced Features in the left pane and a relative window appears as shown in Figure 7 12 Check any advanced feature on the right and then click OK That feature will now show up on the left pane as an option The Advanced Features are options such as e Add or Remove Modules Allows user to add additional modules into the layout or to delete modules from the layout In most cases you can add multiple modules of a given type into the sys

UHM/CEE/13-02 - CEE at UH Manoa

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