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1. A SW Housekeeping Laser Power Misc oe 90 H 2048 7 90 H Particles Detected 12345 PDS alignment info 1 12345 i 45 v 2048 i i 45 V Particles Detected 12 345 PDS alignment info 2 12 345 A 7 90 H Overload Periods 72 345 2D S Cmd sAccepted 12345 45 V Overload Periods 12345 2D S DataBlocks 12345 __ z 2 Stereo Particles 12345 Anay Skew Offset 12 345 7 43 45 V Mask Bit Count 12345 2D S Compression 5 50 90 H Mask Bit Count 12345 Mode 3 5l 45 V Laser Set Pt 12345 TimingWord Reset HEEB 90 H Laser Set Pt 123 456 Timing Word hex 11 53 12 54 True Air Speed 13 55 TES sme 14 56 Horizontal Vetica 45 V Laser 123456 Relative 15 57 Current Mask 0 H Laser 123 456 Internal Pressure Z 5 1 0000 Power Board 123 456 45 V TEC Curent 18 60 New Mais lt _ __ _____ o v bee 123 456 90 H TEC Current 73 Bl 1 5000 gt Mody 123 456 45 V Laser Set Pt 20 62 30 H Platen 123 456 90 H Laser Set Pt 21 63 Send New Masks 90 H Optics 123 456 IN Poi 22 64 o 45 V Input Minor 123 456 WPower 2 65 aia CE 90 H Input Mirror 24 66 Intemal Platen 123 Element Voltages V 5 67 DSP Card 123 456 0
2. JO r gt riiaBESag Horizontal Vertical e Laser Power Misc 90 H 2048 r 7 90 H Particles Detected 12 345 PDS alignment into 1 12345 z 7 F Horizontal Vertical 12345 __ Je 3 J i 450v 2048 MaxSlice 0 MaxSlice 0 45 V Particles Detected 12 345 PDS alignment info 2 12 345 E s aio Rei 0 Rei 0 90 H Overload Periods 12 345 2D S Cmd s Accepted 12 345 5 47 Mask T MinSiice 0 MinSlice 0 45 V Overload Periods 12 345 2D S Data Blocks 12345 T Buldv p Skew Stereo Particles 12345 Aray Skew Difset 12 345 Oiset hex Sne Probe I 45 V Mask Bit Count 12345 20 5 Compresssion 90 H Mask Bit Count 12345 Mode 9 51 45 V Laser Set Pt 12 345 TimingWord Reset ENED 10 52 90 H Laser Set Pt 123 456 Timing Word hex i 53 I 12 54 True Air Speed 123 456 13 55 ay Temperatures C Status 1 ait l EAEN 45 V Laser 123 456 Relative 5123 pametMak o o aiS YSS 90 H Laser 123 456 Intemal Pressure 5 123 2 1 000 Z Power Board 123 456 45V TEC Curent 5123 18 0 Haia l 45 V Platen 123 456 90 H TEC Curent 5123 45 V Optics 123 456 7 19 61 5000 Modify 45 V Laser Set Pt 5123 20 62 0 H Platen 123 456 90 H Laser Set Pt 5123 Z 63 Send New Masks fe a H Oies mre N Power SID 22 64 ae input Minor WV Power 5123 X 2 65 iin Warde Se 90 H Input Mirror 123 456
3. 3V CPI Preliminary User s Manual by SPEC Inc 3022 Sterling Circle Suite 200 Boulder CO 80301 February 2012 Phone 303 449 1105 Fax 303 449 0132 www specinc com TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 3V CPI GENERAL DESCRIPTION 0 ccccccccceccccecccesceesceeseeeeeeeeeeeeaneeauesaeesanees 1 1 1 Main Parts of The 3V CPI 1 2 Functional Overview Section 2 GETTING STARTED aeaea eaaa eaaa see A Ea AAEE e EEEE 7 2 1 Unpacking the 3V CPI System 2 2 Connecting the 3V CPI Sensor Head to the Data Acquisition System 2 2 1 Connection Procedure for Operating the 3V CPI in the Laboratory 2 2 2 Connection Procedure for Installing the 3V CPI on an Airplane 2 3 3V CPI Atomizer Setup for Laboratory Testing 2 4 3V CPI Startup Procedure 2 5 Disconnecting the 3V CPI Cables 2 6 Packing 3V CPI Section 3 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION ccccccccccsccccsccceececeeseeceeceeeneeeeeeueeceueaeeueegeneneness 29 3 1 3V CPI Sensor Head Section4 THEORY OF OPERATION 0000c0 ccccssssssssssssssssssssssseesesesessssssseeeaeeaaeas 38 4 1 Physical Location of Optical Components 4 2 Detailed Description of Electronics 4 2 1 Photo detector PCB Description 4 2 2 DSP Data Acquisition Control 4 2 3 Housekeeping Packets 4 2 4 Mask Packets 4 2 5 2D S and CPI Command Packets 4 2 6 FPGA Description 4 2 7 Command Packets between Netburner and DSP 4 2 8 Power Supply Board Section5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION AND REAL TIME OPERATION ssn 69 5 1 CPI Graphical Us
4. 4 Attach the1 4 tubing to one of the fittings on the rear plate Tighten the compression fitting until it is finger tight Leave the other fitting uncapped Figure 6 4 4 shows the proper configuration for connecting the gas Use a gas cylinder with a two stage regulator flow meter and pressure relief valve set to 5 psi Do not exceed 5 psi while purging 5 Begin flowing gas to displace any moisture laden air within the instrument The typical purge cycle is flowing gas at 10 15 SCFH 5 Ipm for about 10 minutes 6 Unhook the tubing from the fitting SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 133 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 7 Reinstall caps and tighten with 9 16 wrench while using a 1 2 wrench to hold the fitting in place 8 Replace the rear fairing Use the 9 64 hex wrench and the six socket head cap screws previously removed Remove Six 8 32 Screws 3 on Opposite Side Figure 6 4 1 Screw locations for fairing removal required for purging SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Page 134 Purge Fittings d Slide off 3V CPI Rear Fairing Figure 6 4 2 Sliding the 3V CPI rear fairing off of body exposing fittings SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Tec
5. Resolution TAS 10 Where Resolution is the pixel resolution of the PDS system nominally 10 um The 32 bit timing word counter is clocked at the current frequency Ferk The TAS is provided in the next word of the housekeeping packet If the TAS is changed via command from the 2D S data system the frequency of Fc is changed at the same time the 32 bit timing word is read for the housekeeping packet Words 76 77 True Air Speed in meters per second The TAS is given in floating point format Word 78 The number of commands received from the 2D S that have been accepted These are commands one through three in the 3 byte of the commands see command section If the 2D S DAS sends a command and does not see this number increment the command should be re sent Word 79 The number of commands received from the CPI that have been accepted This is command number four in the 3 byte of the commands see command section If the CPI DAS sends a command and does not see this number increment the command should be re sent Word 80 The number of 2D S data blocks sent over the last second by the FPGA to the 2D S DAS read from FPGA Word 81 Array Skew Offset six bits 0 5 in 2D S pixels between the two diode arrays signed value Five bits bits 0 4 indicating the slice or 2D S pixel delay in time between the two arrays One bit bit 5 indicating which array is leading 0 for vertical leading 1 for horizontal leading Skew Fuzz
6. TEA 3 3_TEC Gnd Power from aircraft System 5vFan amp FiberLnk 45_iso J19 34 DSP Board BetaDyne DC DC 7 _DSP Gnd 7 7 Camera 8 24 6 WW Figure 4 2 3 Power Board Block Diagram SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 68 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 5 Software Description and Real time Operation 5 1 CPI Graphical User Interface The SPEC 3V CPI data acquisition system DAS and its settings are as important to the collection of high quality data as is the correct operation of the electronics Were the electronics working perfectly but the GUI settings adjusted incorrectly the instrument could go an entire flight collecting no useful images Thus a thorough understanding of the user adjustable operating parameters is a prerequisite to successful use of the 3V CPI The 3V CPI DAS uses two GUls to control all aspects of the sensor head Sections 5 1 amp 5 3 cover both GUls Each time the CPI GUI is started the program retrieves information from the CPI ini file This file contains set points set point limits and warning limits for parameters in the first three categories as well as other information of use to the program This file is discussed in the next section Figure 5 1 1 shows the CPI GUI running with an active probe The very top line tells the user that the prog
7. 3 Command 21hex 0x21 4 Checksum Byte 0x68 The packet in Table 4 2 13 indicates that the 2D S GUI data port port 2000 used only for particle data packets has disconnected The DSP can now put the FPGA data path in reset and hold it there until this port is reconnected SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 67 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Table 4 2 13 2D S data port disconnected command packet sent only from Netburner to DSP Byte Disconnected Data Packet 1 Flag ASCII C 0x43 Packet Length in bytes 4 0x04 Command 22hex 0x22 Checksum Byte 0x69 AIIN 4 2 8 Power Supply Board This board generates four DC voltages using 28V DC that comes from the Data Acquisition System The generated DC Voltages are 7v 7v 3 3v and 5v The 7 and 7v are converted using linear regulators at the Array and DSP boards to create the most noise free DC supplies possible The DSP board also has an on board DC DC converter to generate a 60V signal used in the bias circuits for the imaging laser discussed previously The power board also distributes AC power to the heaters The heaters are temperature controlled by the DSP which sends control signals to Solid State Relays on the Power board There is an individual relay for each heat zone Power Board
8. Acquisition System Section 2 2 See Figure 2 4 1 Figure 2 4 1 3V CPI Data Acquisition System with all cables connected 2 Start the Data Acquisition System computer by pressing the Computer Power switch on the lower center side of the computer See Figure 2 4 2 Allow the computer to boot up SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 21 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice SWITCH POWER ti INDICATOR SENSOR CIRCUIT AC1 BREAKER CIRCUIT BREAKER Figure 2 4 2 Front panel of the 3V CPI Data Acquisition System 3 Double click both the CPI and 2D S icons on the desktop to start each respective GUI 4 After the programs have started switch on the Sensor Power switch on the front panel of the Data Acquisition System See Figure 2 4 2 5 Single click the Start Probe button on the left side on the CPI GUI window2 See Figure 2 4 3 Each GUI may run indepentally of each other This will turn on both components of the probe since the CCD requires the 2D S laser array to opporate SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 22 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Ready x Allocating Memory Please Wait PROBE NOT INITIALIZED NUM y E a pea Figure 2 4 3 CPI GUI scr
9. The windows are bonded into the optical block using a thermally conductive epoxy This interface serves as a hermetic seal between the internal pylon and air flowing through the sample tube Extreme care must be taken when working around the windows A special non metallic cleaning tool has been provided with the 3V CPI DO NOT INSERT SHARP METALLIC OBJECTS INTO THE SAMPLE TUBE THAT CAN SCRATCH THE COATED WINDOWS ONCE THE AR COATING IS DAMAGED REPLACING THE WINDOWS IS EXTREMELY LABOR INTENSIVE AND COSTLY Cleaning of the optical windows should only be performed by personnel who have read and become familiar with this procedure using only the tools and materials described in this procedure 1 Figure 6 3 1 shows the Housekeeping Menu in the 2D S GUI If the menu is showing element array voltages that are below approved factory settings then the windows need to be cleaned 2 Figure 6 3 2 shows the materials required to clean the windows A can of electronics grade compressed air is also necessary to blow off particulates not shown Purified reagent grade methyl alcohol should be used as a cleaning agent because it does not leave streaks as it evaporates and will not damage the AR coatings 100 pure cotton swabs and the Delrin cleaning tool provided with the 3V CPI are also necessary Do not use a type of cotton swab that can damage the window Can of electronics grade compressed air not shown 3 Blow compressed air over each of the window
10. 0 14 1 particle triggered CPI 0 no trigger normal 15 1 Horizontal FIFO Over Flow Indication two types 3 NV Number of Vertical Words this or NH will always be 0 Bit Definitions 11 00 Number of words after Slices until the end of Frame 12 1 Particle Words Exceed Maximum Frame Size Indication 13 Unused always 0 14 1 particle triggered CPI 0 no trigger normal 15 1 Vertical FIFO Over Flow Indication two types 4 Particle The Particle Number of the Particle Contained in this Frame Number Separate horizontal and vertical counts are maintained This particle number is for the sensor array with the non zero number of words in NH or NV 5 Slices Number of Slices contained in this Frame If the previous Frame associated with this senor array was a Particle SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 62 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Words Exceed Maximum Frame Size Frame then this is the number of slices specified in that Frame in addition to the Slices contained in this Frame 6 Data Image Data If NH 12 or Unique Values NV 12 0x7fff Indicates that this is the first word of a slice and the following data for this slice will be the uncompressed 8 words which formed the then sensor input LSB first Uncompressed data uses 1 to represent clear air
11. 25 27 Timing Word at end of mask routine Directly Read from FPGA tw_ sb 28 Checksum Word SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 55 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 4 2 5 2D S and CPI Command Packets There are three different 2D S command packets that can be sent to the probe These three packet types have been structured to all have the same length 36 bytes This eases communication protocols in the Netburner card Table 4 2 3 Set bit mask packet command sent only from 2D S GUI to probe Byte Set Mask Packet Description 1 Flag ASCII C 0x43 2 Packet Length in bytes 36 0x24 3 Command 1 0x01 4 19 Horizontal Mask Directly Wrote to FPGA hz_mask_ 20 35 Vertical Mask Directly Wrote to FPGA vt_mask_7 36 8 bit checksum of bytes 1 35 Table 4 2 4 Set True Air Speed clock packet sent only from 2D S GUI to probe Byte TAS Packet Description 1 Flag ASCII C 0x43 2 Packet Length 36 0x24 3 Command 2 0x02 4 7 True Air Speed clock frequency IEEE Big endian format 8 35 Zero fill 0x00 36 8 bit checksum of bytes 1 7 After the DSP receives a Set TAS clock packet the clock speed must be changed on the 1 second boundary so that the 2D S data rate does not change in the middle of a
12. 3 1 4 shows a 3 D rendering of the laser beams as they intersect in the sample volume VERTICAL LASER IMAGING LASER INPUT WINDOW INPUT WINDOW m SIDE m SECTION SAMPLE VOLUME VIEW e AIR FLOW a VERTICAL LASER IMAGE LASER OUTPUT WINDOW OPTICAL BLOCK OUTPUT WINDOW HORIZONTAL LASER INPUT WINDOW a TOP a et SECTION SAMPLE aa AIR VIEW FLOW HORIZONTAL LASER OUTPUT WINDOW IMAGING LASER INPUT WINDOW Figure 3 1 3 Cutaway of optical block showing laser beam and window locations SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 30 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Figure 3 1 4 Schematic of 3V CPI electro optics Figure 3 1 5 and Figure 3 1 6 show the location of the electronic printed circuit boards PCBs in the 3V CPI sensor head The 3V CPI consists of four PCBs the power supply board Digital Signal Processor DSP and an array board for both the Horizontal and Vertical channels Each print circuit board is equipped with temperature sensors that monitor the temperature of these boards This information is displayed in the housekeeping window These temperatures are monitored but do not have a corresponding temperature setpoint in the advanced control and settings window as there are no heaters associated with these circuit boards On the bottom view of the sensor the horizontal and vertical fiber coupled
13. 8 Figure 6 3 9 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 132 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 6 4 Purging the 3V CPI Before every flight it is important to purge the 3V CPI sensor head especially when in tropical climates The pylon is aerometric but moisture laden air may seep into the pylon over time because the cover is not installed correctly or other reasons Purging the 3V CPI is done with with Nitrogen gas or Extra Dry Air for about ten minutes The correct procedure is as follows 6 4 1 Items Required 9 64 hex key 1 2 wrench or crescent wrench 9 16 wrench or crescent wrench N2 or Extra Dry Air cylinder with regulator outfitted with 1 4 tubing and compression fittings Stop watch Two stage regulator Flow meter Pressure relief valve Purging an Instrument through Rear Plate Only Remove the six 8 32 socket head cap screws using the 9 64 hex key fastening the rear fairing Note where the screws are located as they are not all the same length See Figure 6 4 1 2 Slide rear fairing off of 3V CPI 3 Remove caps from purge fittings Using the 1 2 wrench hold the lower hex nut in place Use the 9 16 wrench or crescent wrench to loosen the cap Figure 6 4 3 illustrates proper wrench placement Neglecting the lower hex nut risks loosening the fitting and breaking the hermetic seal
14. Cable Connection Diagram and Figure 2 2 3 Back of the Data Acquisition System Connect the power cable and DSP cords to J2 on the Data Acquisition System only DO NOT connect the other end to the Sensor Head yet See Figure 2 2 4 Connecting the power to the Data Acquisition System and Figure 2 2 5 Connecting the DSP to the Data Acquisition System Connect the sensor camera Fiber Optics to J1 on the Data Acquisition System only DO NOT connect the other end to the Sensor Head yet See Figures 2 2 6 10 Before making connections to the Sensor Head electrostatic discharge ESD precautions should be taken It is assumed that if the 3V CPI Sensor Head is mounted on the aircraft the 3V CPI pylon is grounded to the aircraft frame It is also assumed that if the Data Acquisition System is mounted in a metal frame inside the aircraft that it is also grounded to the aircraft frame In this case no extra ground wire is needed However if the 3V CPI Sensor Head is lying outside and is not mounted or if the Data Acquisition System is not mounted then a temporary ground wire should be run between the 3V CPI pylon and the Data Acquisition System Chassis If the Data Acquisition System Chassis is grounded to the aircraft frame then the ground wire may alternatively be run from the pylon to the aircraft frame This will ensure that the Sensor Head and the Data Acquisition System Chassis are at the same electrical potential when the cables are connected The per
15. Head 1 Connect the Computer Power AC1 and AC2 to the back of the Data Acquisition System See Figure 2 2 2 3V CPI Cable Connection Diagram and Figure 2 2 11 Connecting the computer power and Sensor AC1 amp AC2 power 12 Connect mouse keyboard and monitor to back of Data Acquisition System See Figure 2 2 3 Back of the Data Acquisition System 1 Da Connect the 28 VDC Power Cord to the back of the Data Acquisition System See Figure 2 2 12 Connecting 28 VDC to back of Data Acquisition System 14 The 3V CPI is now ready to be powered up SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 9 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 9 Connection Procedure for Installing the 3V CPI on an Airplane Verify that the Sensor Power switch on the front of the Data Acquisition System is turned off Verify that the Data Acquisition System Computer is turned off See Figure 2 2 1 Front of the Data Acquisition System Connect the Computer Power AC1 and AC2 power cables to a 115 Volt AC source The order of connection of the AC power cables is not important Figure 2 2 2 shows the 3V CPI Cable Connection Diagram and Figure 2 2 3 shows the back of the Data Acquisition System including the function of each outlet Connect the mouse keyboard and monitor to the back of the Data Acquisition System See Figure 2 2 2 3V CP
16. Image Laser Current setpoint can be changed by sliding the control bar under the Image Laser Settings portion of the Imaging and Background tab Once the image mean is at a desirable value e g somewhere between 80 and 160 though this is different for each probe turn off live video by unchecking the Live Video box A new background should be taken immediately after any SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 104 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice changes are made to the imaging laser set points If not the background subtraction will now have a large offset due to the changed image mean causing the particle processing algorithm to work poorly or not at all Warning If the image mean is outside the limits just described live video will fail to update the Display window and the probe will fail to take a background To prevent the image mean from falling outside the limits set Min Img Mean equal to 1 and the Max Img Mean equal to 255 when troubleshooting image mean problems Be sure to return the limits to a proper operating range when you are finished diagnosing and correcting the image mean problem 5 2 4 Threshold Operation and Troubleshooting The threshold settings are adjusted in the Imaging and Background tab of the Settings window shown in Figure 5 2 3 200 is a normal lower limit tho
17. Off row controls the offset between the two channels in 10 micron units This will correct one channel triggering the system before the other because of slight misalignments electronics etc There can also be slight error if the two stereo particle channels are skewed slightly and not perfectly orthogonal to each other and error flow This error could cause particles to recognized by one channel before the other in one quadrant and the opposite in another This error is account for with Skew Fuzzy Win row By entering a value for slices in this row the skew or angle of the channels is accounted for The three Spare rows are inactive as of now and are for future development 5 1 4 Image Collection Control and Monitoring The image processing performed by the DAS is critical in achieving maximum probe performance Just as poor settings in the 2D S Array system can cause the probe to receive no images so can poor settings in the image processing setup parameters cause the probe to process no images even in the presence of high concentrations of particles The DAS takes several steps in order to process images First it takes a background image a frame from the CCD camera with no particles present Then when received camera frames arrive which happens approximately 72 times per second the DAS checks the 2D S Array Status bit to see if the imaging laser was fired during this frame s exposure period If it was the DAS subtracts the frame fro
18. Spare 3 Spare 4 SBC Temp Temp2 Pressure Figure 6 3 1 2D S Housekeeping shows low element voltages with laser drive at full power SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 129 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice DELRIN CLEANING TOOL WITH ROUNDED _ EDGES PROVIDED Figure 6 3 2 Figure 6 3 4 Figure 6 3 5 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 130 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice VERTICAL LASER IMAGING LASER INPUT WINDOW INPUT WINDOW SIDE SECTION VIEW VERTICAL LASER IMAGE LASER OUTPUT WINDOW OPTICAL BLOCK OUTPUT WINDOW HORIZONTAL LASER INPUT WINDOW TOP SECTION AIR VIEW FLOW IMAGING LASER HORIZONTAL LASER GUTPUT DO INPUT WINDOW TOP Figure 6 3 6 Cutaway of optical block showing laser beam locations and window locations Figure 6 3 7 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 131 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice IMAGING LASER HORIZONTAL LASER INPUT WI OUTPUT WINDOW ames na VERTICAL LASER INPUT WINDOW HORIZONTAL LASE INPUT WINDOW ah VERTICAL LASER OUTPUT WINDOW Figure 6 3
19. a problem with the PDS electro optical system SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 91 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice ROI Locations Figure 5 1 18 ROI x y location plot To enable the ROI x y plot check the Plot it box in the ROI X Y Plot section of the Disp Hist tab of the Settings window of Figure 5 1 15 The plot will open when the first ROI is found in an image after checking the Plot it box The plot will continue adding red and green markers with each RO until the Max ROls in Plot number of ROIs is displayed If Reset Plot When Filled box is checked the plot will be cleared and begin updating again as if just opened If not checked the plot will stop updating once the maximum number of ROIs is plotted SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 92 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 5 1 6 cpi INI File Description The cpi INI file is opened and its information used each time the CPl exe program is started Additionally information is recorded into this file each time the CPl exe program is stopped by the user reflecting changes in operation parameters since the program was started WARNING The format of the cpi INI file is critical Manipulation of th
20. a set minimum duration the minimum transit time as indicated by the PIB_OK signal going high go to State 1 e State 1 Start a timer that measures the time during which the particle is in the 2D S beams This is called the Transit Timer Wait for the Particle In Beam OK PIB_OK signal to go low This signal goes high when both of the 2D S pulses have been high for longer than a minimum duration It goes low instantly when either one of the PDS pulses goes low At the instant when PIB_OK goes low the particle is in the object plane of the camera When PIB_OK goes low jump to state 2 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 4 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice e State 2 Fire the imaging laser Notify the frame grabber in the Data Acquisition System that a particle was seen and this laser has fired by driving the PDS STATUS signal high The PDS STATUS signal is received by the frame grabber and is used by the data acquisition system to determine whether the next image frame it receives contains at least one particle or not e State 3 The DSP is a microprocessor that resides in the sensor head of the CPI Notify the digital signal processor DSP that a particle was seen so that it can send a PDS packet to the data acquisition system A PDS data packet accompanies each particle image with particle specific information such as th
21. and NV NH bits 15 12 cleared to 0 b NV NH bits will indicate the number of Image and Timing Words c d Slices will be the number of Data Slices in this Frame If the prior Frame was an Exceeded Frame Particles will represent the number of the Particle contained in this Frame Size Image Data Frame then the Slices from that Frame will be added to this Frame s Slices NV NH 3 Image Data Words 3 Timing Words Representing the Time the last Slice in the Frame occurred e Exceeded Frame Size Image Data Frame These frames consist of image data which does NOT fit into the maximum Frame Word Count of 1024 words a e These are indicated by the Flag 2S and NV NH bit 12 set to 1 b NV NH bits will indicate the number of Image Words c d Slices will be the number of Data Slices in this Frame If the prior Frame was also an Exceeded Particles will represent the number of the Particle contained in this Frame Frame Size Image Data Frame then the Slices from that Frame will be added to this Frame s Slices NV NH Image Data Words e First FIFO Overflow Data Frame These frames consist of image data which were being captured when that Sensor Array s data storage became full a p These are indicated by the Flag 2S and NV NH bits 15 set to 1 b NV NH bits will indicate the number of Image and Timing Words c d Slices will be the number of Data Slices in this Frame If the prior Fra
22. back screws along with the two back middle screws are 3 8 The bottom front and back screws and the two front middle screws are 1 2 Install all fasteners using a 9 64 Allen wrench ENTER O RING PRECISION MACHINEDI MAIN O RING O RING MATING TONGUE Figure 6 2 1 Figure 6 2 2 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 125 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Figure 6 2 4 Figure 6 2 6 C AA WHE Tiare Figure 6 2 7 Figure 6 2 8 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 126 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 6 3 Cleaning 3V CPI Optical Windows During normal airborne operation the optical windows of the 3V CPI will become contaminated due to cloud drops and streaming water Contamination on the windows of the imaging system can result in a decreased image mean and a severely contaminated background over time Contamination of the stereo particle windows will cause false firing of the imaging system and false readings for the stereo channels If the elemental voltages for a channel are below the factory settings they should be cleaned Figure 6 3 1 Warning The 3V CPI optical windows are made of sapphire and coated with a high performance anti reflective AR coating
23. cable and where it detaches SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 121 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 1 fie Figure 6 1 1 Figure 6 1 2 Figure 6 1 3 Figure 6 1 4 Figure 6 1 5 Figure 6 1 6 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 122 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice O RING MATING SURFACE HEATER CABLE Figure 6 1 9 Figure 6 1 10 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 123 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 6 2 Pylon Cover and Front Fairing Installation The 3V CPI sensor head pylon cover must be installed for airborne operation of the 3V CPI sensor head The following photographs show the sensor head lying flat on a table The pylon should always be placed on a soft material such as foam to avoid scratching the outer surface The following procedure should also be used when the sensor head is mounted on an aircraft CAUTION The 3V CPI pylon is a high performance assembly that serves as a protective housing for the internal sensor head components and as the structural interface to the aircraft It is hermetically sealed up to approximately 65 000 ft altitude O ring
24. check the Live Video On check box shown in the upper left of Figure 5 1 1 in the main screen It is best to run live video with recording disabled as approximately 72 full images of approximately 1 Megabyte size each per second will be saved to hard disk if recording is active Live Video Mode is very useful for troubleshooting any image system problems Once live video is turned on the image display will look like Figure 5 1 16 A full frame 1024 x 1024 image of the entire CCD camera though for most CRT and LCD computer monitors only a fraction of the total image may be seen move the scroll bars for the image display area to view different portions of the CCD image will be displayed A red Live Video On message will display in the enunciator panel to indicate live video has been selected The Rates and Image Parameters window see Section 5 1 1 will show the attempted frames per second at 72 and the valid images at 100 The values in the rates and image parameters window will update at the selected update interval The setting of this interval is discussed in Section 5 1 6 2 The image mean will be updated in real time in the Img Mean field of the Imaging and Background tab of the Settings window of Figure 5 1 15 While running live video adjustment of the imaging laser current pulse width remember to click the Apply button will change the image brightness displayed and reported Once the image mean is at a desirable v
25. cover on or off The photographs show the sensor head lying flat on a table The pylon should always be placed on a soft material such as foam to avoid scratching the outer surface This procedure can also be followed when the sensor head is mounted on an aircraft The pylon internal pressure is monitored in the Housekeeping data If the internal pressure drops during flight a leak in the pylon cover s seal is indicated If the instrument was being flown in a wet environment when the pressure dropped the pylon cover should be removed after the flight The internal sensor should be inspected for moisture If moisture is found allow the pylon internal sensor to dry out before putting the pylon cover back on The AR coatings on the optical block windows are sensitive to high humidity environments Do not allow moisture to reside in the closed pylon it will damage the AR coatings Warning The 3V CPI pylon is a high performance assembly that serves as a protective housing for the internal sensor head components and as the structural interface to the aircraft It is hermetically sealed up to approximately 65 000 ft altitude O rings and precision machined surfaces are used to achieve this seal Improper disassembly assembly of the pylon or mishandling of the components can result in damage that will compromise the pressure integrity of the pylon This may result in malfunctioning of the instrument during flight Disassembly Assembly of the pylon shoul
26. diode lasers are also visible SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 31 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Figure 3 1 5 Photograph of printed circuit boards visible from front side of probe wel Ei o Da Ea 7 Figure 3 1 6 Photograph of printed circuit boards visible from bottom side of internal sensor SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 32 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice The visible heaters and heat sensors on the internal sensor are shown in Figure 3 1 7 11 These can be monitored and controlled through the CPI GUI as discussed in Section 5 1 Central Sample Tube Heat ig a oA Horizontal T amp Platen Sensor Bee i r j CCD ewe Aiii Sensor Sr Figure 3 1 7 Photograph of heat zone locations on front side of internal sensor SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 33 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Central Sample Tube Heaters SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 34 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and
27. imaging laser was fired If it was not fired then the PDS STATUS bit will be a logic low In this case the image frame is discarded If it was fired the PDS STATUS signal will be a logic high In this case the image frame is searched for regions of interest ROIs by the CPI GUI These are locations in the image where particles are present The image processing algorithm subtracts the stored background image from the newly acquired frame If the subtraction results in any areas of the CCD image greater than a predefined minimum pixel size with a shadow depth greater than the user selectable particle threshold these areas are cropped from the full frame Figure 1 1 3 shows an example of an ROI that was cropped cut out from the image frame The ROls are cropped from the picture and stored into the current data file on the hard disk This keeps the data files as small and compact as possible As particles are detected they are shown on the Image Display of the CPI Graphical User Interface GUI The 2D S GUI also displays the images recorded by the horizontal and vertical channels Figure 1 1 4 shows the two image displays side by side Both images were taken at the same time when the sample volume had spherical SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 5 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice water droplets passing through The elliptical shap
28. indicates to the user that probe parameters are out of range such as temperature readings or other items that the user should be aware of and possibly take action on The image display section shown in Figure 5 1 1 contains regions of interest ROIs cut outs This is where particles will be displayed as they are processed by the DAS The statistics and settings windows are another set of quick observation and control windows in which the user can view and control various parameters that are also available in other menus but are easily accessed here The settings window can be opened if not currently open by clicking the Settings button on the quick access line discussed in the previous paragraph The Rates and Image Parameters window plots various real time parameters to inform the user of probe performance such as the displayed frames per second plotted in red the percent of valid frames in green Detailed descriptions of all the data system menus and displays including the above items are given in the following sections System menu windows will first be generally described then the operation of the probe and DAS using the categories of parameters under user control will be detailed PDS system image collection system probe thermal control and DAS display 5 1 1 View Menu Data File E 021418054 roi File View Settings Commands Window Help HouseKeeping SPP100 Data Single Board Computer Serial Data Stats Windo
29. laser array one horizontal 90 and one vertical 45 Both lasers are functionally identical The diagram in the upper right of Figure 1 1 2 shows the laser beams illuminating the arrays in the absence of a particle in the sample volume The object plane for the imaging CCD camera is located on the trailing edge of the 2D S beam intersection Upon instrument startup the imaging system pulses the imaging laser and captures a full frame background CCD image in the absence of cloud particles The background image is stored and used to process subsequent frames thought to contain a particle The background CCD image is shown in Figure 1 1 2 Each channel of the 2D S is directed at a photo detector card The photo detector card consists of a single 128 element linear array of photo diodes Each diode produces a photo current that is proportional to the light incident on its active area As a particle passes through the sample volume a shadow passes over the array thereby reducing the current If there is no shadow then no particle is detected and no firing of the imaging laser occurs The imaging CCD camera is constantly downloading images but during this period of no particles the camera s light sensitive surface is never exposed and the images are discarded by the data acquisition system 1 2 2 Instrument Behavior With Particle s Present As a particle passes through the sample volume a shadow passes over the vertical and the horizontal array
30. operator the number of Element Voltages _ Compression particles detected in the last second the pressure Horizontal Vertical Blocks 306 measured at the probe and the number of masked Se eae eee 2 array elements in each array To the right is the Al i erical automask terations 00757 3 ie a current True Airspeed TAS displayed in meters 0 0708 25269 EV ovsiioad paned IO per second It is very important that the displayed 0 0757 22681 Compresson configuration YOny airspeed is close to the actual airspeed The red TF TS Spae2 4096 TAS box simply displays spate3 9153 Figure 5 3 4 Housekeeping Display Processed Spare 4 Data Pressure and sends TAS so check to make sure that this box displays the correct airspeed SBC Templ Temperatures Displays temperatures at the probe and power supply all temperatures above a limit are shaded to alert operator of a potential overheating As a failsafe if the laser temps exceed 45 degrees Celsius for longer than one minute the laser will be powered down by the DSP Element Voltages This box shows the voltages at Horizontal and Vertical arrays Element voltages below 1 4 are considered non optimal The laser should illuminate the array with a Gaussian distribution with its peak at the center element of the array The laser edges which lack intensity should fall beyond the edges of the array so that
31. probe sends Housekeeping and Mask data packets to both GUI s however the CPI GUI will ignore all Mask data packets since they are only relevant to the 2D S GUI Additionally the camera in the probe sends image data over a dedicated channel to the frame grabber in the DAS which is then interpreted and used by the CPI GUI This data is not described in this document Note When 16 bit words are sent over Ethernet the least significant byte must be sent first SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 44 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Note Most packets require either a checksum byte or checksum word which is generated using a binary addition of all bytes words respectively in the packet and ignoring any overflow bits generated by the addition The result is an 8 bit 16 bit binary set which is then sent in binary form NO conversion to ASCII Note Throughout this document PDS_90 and PDS_45 as well as Horizontal and Vertical are used as descriptors The original CPI uses PDS_90 and PDS_45 lasers for particle detection and the 2D S uses Horizontal and Vertical array boards which are used in the 3V CPI instead of the PDS_90 and PDS_45 lasers In this document PDS_90 is synonymous with Horizontal Hz or H and PDS_45 is synonymous with Vertical Vt or V 4 2 3 Housekeeping Packets Housekeeping values are listed in Tabl
32. s Period 0 0136 s CCorecoPCLNkDevice CompleteAcquire m_bFrameCycleComplete CBlobOperator PerformOperation Mean 0 000336sec frame Mean 9 75 CBlobOperator PerformOperation BAD Mean 9 Valid 63 195 The last line tells the user that the mean of the CCD camera image was 9 but the acceptable range is 63 to 195 In this case the imaging laser power might have been turned down and needs to be adjusted back up If the line read BAD Mean 220 the imaging laser would need to be turned down See Section 5 2 3 2 What To Do If Probe Is Communicating With DAS but No Background Taken which describes how to adjust the image mean 5 2 3 Background Troubleshooting The background collection process and the parameters affecting it are described in detail in Section 5 1 4 1 Background Images and Parameters The first thing the DAS must do on start up is acquire a background from the sensor head CCD camera The various problems that can occur in taking a background are described in the following sections The flowchart of Figure 5 2 2 provides a guide to steps for correcting background problems 5 2 3 1 What To Do If No Background Is Acquired At Startup See flowcharts of Figure 5 2 1 and Figure 5 2 2 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 101 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice No Did probe init
33. the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Set Probe Mask Horizontal Vertical fi FFFF x r New Mask i Current Mask Send New Masks Timing Words Start End Figure 5 3 6 Set Probe Mask This window allows the operator to view the current mask on each array to see which elements are being masked out This window should not be used to send new masks though it has that option the Command Window is where the operator should request to build new masks while sending command packets to the probe SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 111 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Async Setup Bitmap Display Rate gt Analog Settings Housekeeping Display Processed Data v Use Display Separator Pixel Histogram Raw Data Processing Mode Stuck Bit Handling Current Do Nothing gt TAS Source Specify Probe and PC IP Addresses Record Speed Mask Bit Replacement Include particle offset in output Ignore Housekeeping PC time differences Save Command Info to Disk Periodic Mask Generation Periodic Fixed TAS Setting Laser Power Control Startup Delay SBC Polling Frequency Probe Reset Timeout zommand Probe Of Command Probe OFF Toggle Debug Messages Playback TAS Limits Figure 5 3 7 Tools Tab Async Setup Chooses the COM port for the optional single board
34. the 3V CPI through the CPI GUI in the most efficient manner At certain points in the flow chart depending on the branch taken the user will be referred to troubleshooting information for specific operational problems By using the information in this section the operator will optimize the data collected by the 3V CPI 5 2 1 Operation and Troubleshooting In Flight This section assumes the user has set up the probe per the instructions in the Getting Started Section 2 and is attempting to run the probe The flowchart in Figure 5 2 1 assumes the user has started the 3V CPl exe real time program and is attempting to communicate with the probe by having clicked Start Probe in the main window or Apply and Acquire in the Advanced Control and Settings window If the probe is not working the flowchart will lead to one of four sections RTIA Log Troubleshooting Background Troubleshooting Imaging Troubleshooting Enunciator Troubleshooting PON gt If the flowchart does not list an observed problem reading the troubleshooting sections may provide insight and is still suggested Problems with displaying data such as rates and image parameters are not handled here The user is referred to Section 5 1 6 1 Rates and Image Parameters for information on this topic AT THIS TIME THE USER SHOULD BEGIN OPERATING THE PROBE FOLLOWING THE FIGURE 5 2 1 FLOW CHART STEP BY STEP UNTIL THE PROBE IS WORKING BOX IS ARRIVED
35. the hermetic seal in the pylon causing it to lose pressurization Too attach the sensor head to an aircraft use 1 4 28 fasteners Exact length of the fasteners depends on the mounting interface DO NOT EXCEED 0 525 MAX thread engagement into the pylon The fasteners MUST HAVE 0 375 MIN thread engagement into pylon base to achieve thread locking and full strength of insert TORTEN 1X 1 4 28 LOCKING KEESERT INSERTS USE 1 4 28 SHCS GRADE 8 OR BETTER FOR FASTENERS ____ FIBER CONNECTOR NOT SHOWN REQUIRES SAME HEIGHT CLEARANCE AS WIRE BUNDLE uP T AF FORWARD DOWN i B AIRFLOW THROUGH 2 SAMPLE TUBE SIDE VIEW MAX SIDE PROJECTED AREA 485 8 IN2 BOTTOM VIEW WEIGHT 70 75 LBS MAXIMUM NOTE EXACT FAIRING GEOMETRY AND DIMENSIONS ARE PRELIMINARY 7 FAIRING DESIGN NOT FINAL SIDE AREA NOT TO EXCEED THAT SHOWN HERE FRONT VIEW FRONTAL PROJECTED AREA 88 6 IN2 m 3V CPI EXTERNAL GEOMETRY MOUNT INTERFACE 130 1000 E T 3V CPI External Dimensions Figure 7 1 1 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual February 2012 Page 138 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice TOP VIEW 11X 1 4 28 LOCKING KEESERT INSERTS USE 1 4 28 SHCS GRADE 8 OR BETTER FOR FASTENERS 20 75 Figure 7 1 2 Pylon Interface FIBER CONNECTOR
36. what he wants the probe to do The operator can set it to do nothing and record the noisy bit or he can have the probe initiate an Automask that after a conditional is passed the program will build a mask to remove the noisy bit Explained fully in Real Time Troubleshooting Section TAS Source is used if the operator wants to set up the 2D S to receive a True Airspeed connection from an outside source like through a COM Port from another computer S TAS Source Settings x TAS Source External TAS Setting TAS Limit COM Port C NASADCS l ia 2 C WB 57 Navigation MIN 75 Baud Rate 9600 x C 7TAS RADOME MAX 175 RADOME Offset 14 TAS PITOT change required 5 PITOT Offset 15 FIXED SETTING to update 1 99 TOT ote C NCAR C 130 WB 57 NASA DC 8 Offset 15 Comma Separated NCAR C 130 Offset field g TAS Token Position g m Input Format Units Serial Input TAS m s C UDP Input C TAS knots NOTE If source is NASA DC 8 incoming TAS will be converted from knots to meters sec before being displayed in the Set True Air Speed window and sent to the probe TAS displayed in the housekeeping window and MIN MAX settings above should be in knots Figure 5 3 8 TAS Source Settings Cancel For normal operation the Fixed Setting radio button should be selected In the main menu choosing the 50 Icon see the section on the Toolbar below allows the user to en
37. without notice Central Sample Tube Heater a Optics Sensor BART cc Image 4 Bp ens Heater fiy Sy H B Horizontal 90 HN sk J aa UULU Vertical Array Board Sensor Figure 3 1 9 Visible heaters and sensors on bottom of internal sensor SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 35 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Vertical 45 Optics Sensor Figure 3 1 10 Vertical optics sensor SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 36 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Imaging Laser Heater Figure 3 1 11 Imaging laser heater SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 37 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 4 Theory of Operation 4 1 Physical Location of Optical Components Sections 4 1 1 4 1 3 show and describe the optical components introduced in Section 1 Each section shows the laser transmit and image receive path for the respective components The horizontal 90 and vertical 45 are perpendicular both to each other and the flow of particles The CCD imaging system is tilted 45 degrees from the vertical channel towards the incoming flow of particles F
38. 0 s is not allowed and is ignored Bit 8 0 Fire on particle leading edge ignore the maximum size setting 1 Fire on particle trailing edge Directly Read from FPGA 0x0F Word 62 Laser Trigger Delay Directly Read from FPGA delay_tt bit 0 10 This is the number of pixels after particle detection that the system waits before firing the imaging laser Note the system default will be firing on the trailing edge of the particle so this value should be optimized for trailing edge SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 52 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Minimum Pixels before Firing Directly Read from FPGA delay_tt bit 11 15 This is the number of 2D S slices 2D S pixels in time dimension the PDS channels must see a particle before the imaging system will take a picture of the particle It is equivalent to the minimum transit time for a standard CPI Words 63 64 PDS 45 and PDS 90 Laser Set Points This is a value from 0 to 4095 indicating the laser power set point Words 65 66 PDS 45 and PDS 90 Masked Bit Count Directly Read from FPGA mask_info This is the number of diode elements on the PDS arrays that are masked out to eliminate noise Words 67 68 PDS 45 and PDS 90 Overload Periods Directly Read from FPGA overld_hz overld_vt This is the number of overload periods during which the PDS cha
39. 24 66 HE Intemal Platen 123 456 Element Voltages V 25 67 r 30H 435M DSP Card 123 456 26 68 45 V Array Top 123 456 0 123 456 123 456 45 V Array Bottom 123 456 21 123 456 123 456 29 7 90 H Array Top 123 456 42 123 456 123 456 30 72 90 H Array Bottom 123 456 64 123 456 123 456 Se NENTS e5 123456 123 456 Last HK at 106 123 456 123 456 123 456 123 456 34 76 4 35 77 Bytes Received H Particles V Particles Mat 35 ze 0 0 0 0 z 5 39 a1 Ready Astarte daga B SPEC 3vcPI 20 5 Data I Google Docs Home Mo SfJuntitled Paint 5 4 0 4 Sea 11 07am Figure 5 3 1 Main Display Window This is the particle display window At program startup fake splash images will be displayed in the two array channels The left particle display window shows the horizontal array and the right side is the vertical array Below the horizontal and vertical particle s window is a set of counters Bytes received Records the total amount of bytes received from the 2D S during data recording H Particles Counts the number of particles recorded in the horizontal array in data file SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual February 2012 Page 106 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice V Particles Counts the number of particles recorded in the vertical array in data file Mask This counter rec
40. 5 Diode Element 106 Volage BOTH 0o 000214 43 PDS_45 Diode Element 127 V BOTH 0o 00024 44 imaging Laser Curent Measured V CPI o 00268555 45 PDS_90 Diode Elemet0 V Bom o 00024414 46 PDS_90 Diode Element 21 V Bomm o 00024 47 PDS_90 Diode Element 42 V_ BOTH o 0 002414 48 PDS_90 Diode Element64 v BOTH o 0o04 49 PDS_90 Diode Element 85 Volage BOTH 0o 0002414 50 P0500 Diode Element 106 V BOTH 0 00024 51 PDS_90 Diode Element 127 V BOTH o 0002414 Imaging Laser Pulse Width Measured a 0 0268555 V SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 46 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice ow 0 014648 0 014648 CPI voltage Setpoint V Probe Mode Bit Mapped CPI Bit 0 gt De ice Heat on Bit 1 gt Unused Bit 2 gt enable horizontal trigger Bit 3 gt enable vertical trigger Bit 4 gt Reset probe unused Bit 5 gt enable imaging laser trigger timer threshold unused Bits 6 7 gt CPI Trigger Source 00 PDS or DAS default 01 DAS 10 DSP 11 PDS Bits 8 15 gt Unused note 16 bit CPI command at word 79 Heater Status Bit Mapped 1 on Bit 0 gt Forward Sample Tube Bit 1 gt Central Sample Tube Bit 2 gt Aft Sample Tube Bit 3 gt Pylon 1 Bit 4 gt Pylon 2 Bit 5 gt Pylon 3 Bit 6 gt Camera Bit 7 gt Imag
41. AT SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 98 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Did the DAS Complete the Allocating Memory And Initializing Probe Processes No Is Sensor Head Power On Yes Turn it on and try again No There a valid Background See the Back All Cables Connected ground Section Yes 2 3 Connect cables Per Instructions in section 2 2 and See the Back Try again See the RTIA ground Section Yes Log section 2 3 2 2 Is the probe getting ROIS in the presence of particles No Yes See the PDS system section Are there 5 2 4 Yes Red or blue flashing Enunciators See the No enunciator warning limits section 5 2 5 Enjoy the flight your probe is working Figure 5 2 1 Troubleshooting flow chart data system access only SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 99 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 5 2 2 RTIA Log Troubleshooting The rtialog txt file is found in the following directory C Program Files boulderimaginginc acquirenow 3V CPI directory This file is produced every time the probe is run and is written with information that is useful for troub
42. EAD SENSOR HEAD IN CASING FROM CASING PLACE ON PADDED SURFACE Figure 2 1 2 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 7 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Figure 2 1 3 2 2 Connecting the 3V CPI Sensor Head to the Data Acquisition System Warning Cables MUST be connected in a certain sequence If you do not follow this sequence you may damage your 3V CPI Warning The Fiber Connector is very sensitive and can be damaged if not connected keyed and handled correctly Warning The Data acquisition system and Sensor Power switch MUST be turned off before any cables are connected or Disconnected If you do not turn them off before connecting or disconnecting cables you may damage your 3V CPI 2 2 1 Connection Procedure for Operating the 3V CPI in the Laboratory 1 Verify that the Sensor Power Switch on the front of the Data Acquisition System is turned off Verify that the Data Acquisition System Computer is turned off See Figure 2 2 1 Front of the Data Acquisition System SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 8 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 2 Connect the Computer Power AC1 and AC2 power cables to a 115 Volt AC source The order of connection of the AC power cables is not importan
43. Figure 5 1 4 include the time reported by the probe when it sent its most recent housekeeping information which it does once per second the True Air Speed which is controlled through the 2D S GUI the internal pressure the command number which should increment every time probe operating commands are sent from the DAS to the sensor head see Section 5 1 2 1 the relative humidity the 7 V Monitor the current running to both the horizontal and vertical lasers PDS 90 and PDS 45 the number of particles detected the dead time which is the sum of the small windows of time during which the probe was processing a particle and therefore could not acquire a subsequent particle if there was one and the CPI Commands Accepted Figure 5 1 5 shows the Housekeeping Packet Tab This is the information being directly received from the 3V CPI sensor head This information is described in detail in Section 4 2 5 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 72 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 3 CPI Housekeeping Data Ra sta c Raw Tal 44942 27 0 E 600 1000 fO 44942 27 0 43689 7 43689 25 0 CI 24849 0 0 O 24849 0 0 40333 20 0 43689 25 0 fim 43689 25 0 ima fal asso 25 0 fall 43689 25 0 P05 43689 25 0 43689 25 0 O om0o000000 ooo _ Figur
44. H 45 26 68 45 V Array Top 0 123 456 123 456 27 69 45 M Array Bottom 123456 123 456 z 2 90 H Array Top 123 456 123 456 123 456 90 H Array Bottom 123456 123 456 123 456 30 72 123 456 123 456 i z Last HK at 123 456 123 456 7 123456 123 456 34 76 36 77 Bytes Received H Particles V Particles Mat 38 78 am 33 81 Ready Astar A A E Sacr spec avcpr 20 5 Data soodle Docs Home Mo BfJuntited Paint EIEEEI BF 1 07am Figure 2 4 6 Startup screen for 2D S GUI SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 26 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 2 5 Disconnecting the 3V CPI Cables Warning The sensor camera cable must be disconnected before the power dsp cable If you do not disconnect the sensor camera cable first you may damage your 3V CPI 3V CPI cables must be disconnected in the reverse of the sequence in which they were connected as follows 1 Verify that the Sensor Power switch on the front of the data acquisition system is switched off Verify that the Data Acquisition System Computer is switched off 2 Disconnect the sensor camera fiber cables from the Converters on the Data Acquisition Computer 3 Disconnect the sensor camera cable from J1 on the Sensor Head 4 Disconnect the DSP RS 232 and ethernet cords on the Data Acquisition Co
45. I exhaust tube Figure 2 3 4 Setup droplet atomizer in front of 3V CPI Figure 2 3 5 The atomizer should spray drops in a direction perpendicular to the direction of airflow into the 3V CPI DO NOT spray drops directly into 3V CPI along flow direction See Figure 2 3 6 Water drops will contaminate the windows and the windows will need to be cleaned Power on the data system and probe per the 3V CPI startup procedure Section 2 4 and run both the CPI and 2D S GUls After the programs have successfully started and obtained a background turn on vacuum cleaner and spray water drops by squeezing atomizer bulb Both the GUls should show water drops appearing in real time If the vacuum is turned on before the 3V CPI has obtained a background it may take longer for the 3V CPI to obtain a background due to particles passing through the sample volume i Figure 2 3 1 Figure 2 3 2 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 19 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Figure 2 3 3 Figure 2 3 5 Figure 2 3 6 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 20 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 2 4 3V CPI Startup Procedure 1 Verify that all cables are connected according to the Connecting 3V CPI Sensor Head to Data
46. NOT SHOWN I REQUIRES SAME HEIGHT CLEARANCE AS WIRE BUNDLE UP 9 11 l AFT FORWARD AIRFLOW THROUGH 2 SAMPLE TUBE 33 Figure 7 1 3 Flow Geometry Dimensions SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 139 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice
47. Pixel Separation This is the offset in pixels between the two diode arrays signed value only least significant 6 bits used Directly Wrote to FPGA skew_mask bits 0 5 Note 2D S cannot set bits 8 15 Note this value can also be changed by CPI 23 24 Spare control word 1 25 26 Spare control word 2 27 28 Spare control word 3 29 30 Spare control word 4 31 32 Spare control word 5 AIIN SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 57 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Byte Command Packet Description 33 34 Spare control word 6 35 Spare control byte 1 36 8 bit checksum of bytes 1 35 Table 4 2 6 CPI Command Packet sent only from CPI GUI to probe Each field is a word Description 1 Flag ASCII C decimal 67 0x43 LSB Packet Length in bytes 52 0x34 Command 4 0x04 SB Probe Mode Bit Mapped Bit 0 set gt Ne ice Heat on Bit 1 set gt Unused Bit 2 gt enable horizontal trigger Bit 3 gt enable vertical trigger both vertical and horizontal must be enable to trigger in stereo mode which uses word 25 if only one is enabled word 25 has no impact of image laser triggering Bit 4 gt Reset probe unused Bit 5 gt 1 equals enable the imaging laser trigger timer thr
48. S image Triggering Particle word 4 of particle frame 0 if only vertical triggering Number 9 Vertical Triggering The vertical particle number that triggered the PDS image Particle Number word 4 of particle frame 0 if only horizontal triggering 10 Check Sum Check Sum summation of all prior words while disregarding carry The minimum data rate required to send 500 PDS packets per second implies a Bit Rate of 8 x 16 x 500 64 000 115 200 will be the default baud rate and only baud rate used during normal operation however the baud rate is programmable in the FPGA cpi_baud by the CPI command packet and based on DSP clock periods Word 7 Particles is reset at the assertion of PDS_STAT Word 7 Particles then counts the number of individual particles satisfying the minimum transit time requirement At the next assertion of PDS_STAT this Particles is then written to the CPI before being reset Note that this is only valid when PDS is the CPI trigger source 4 2 7 Command Packets between Netburner and DSP There are two different command packets used solely on the DSP board between the Netburner and the DSP These two packets indicate either the connection of a single Ethernet socket or disconnection of all Ethernet sockets These packets are listed below The packet in Table 4 2 10 indicates that the 2D S GUI or CPI GUI housekeeping and command port port 2001 and or 2002 has connected The DSP can now expect command
49. Sensor Arrays are represented Slices will be 0x0000 as no data is contained 3 Timing Words Representing the Time when the FIFO became NON full Note that only one set of 3 Timing Words are contained even though both NV and NH are set to 0x0003 pa2oom 4 2 6 3 Description of 4KB Frame Blocks Particle Frames are packed together and placed in storage on a FIFO in the FPGA Once 4KB or 2 048 Words are contained in the FIFO the Netburner Ethernet Controller is notified The notification will stay active until there are less than 2K Words in the storage After the Netburner reads 2 048 words of data the 2 049 word will be the check sum The check sum is the sum of all 2 048 data words without regard to carry The next word will be the start of the next 2K word Frame Block Note that 2K Frame Blocks are ended without regard to Particle Frames or Particle Frames can span multiple Frame Blocks A programmable Flush Time flushtime is used to determine if the storage has not reached the 2K Words frequently enough for proper data collection Should the 2K Words ready notification to the Netburner stay inactive longer than Flush Time a Flush will be performed The Flush operation will activate the 2K Words ready to the Netburner Once the Netburner reads the last data in the FPGA storage the Flush or NL No Data Frame will be provided to the Netburner as it continues to read Following the Flush No Data Frame and until 2 048 Words are read by t
50. _tt bits 0 10 Ro ms 6 8 9 Bits 11 15 Minimum Pixels for Firing Minimum Pixels Required before CPI will image a particle only 5 bits used Directly Wrote to FPGA delay_tt bits 11 15 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 59 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Array Skew Offset This is the offset in pixels between the two diode arrays signed value only 6 bits used Directly Wrote to FPGA skew_mask bits 0 5 Note this value can also be changed by 2D S Skew Fuzzy Window This is the Fuzzy Window values 0 15 allowed only bits 8 11 used Directly Wrote to FPGA skew_mask bits 8 11 16 bit checksum word of word 1 25 For all temperature set points except the PDS lasers words 14 and 15 the set point is solved from Rt 10 4 e4 a b T 273 15 c T 273 15 42 d T 273 15 43 Where Rt resistance in Ohms e natural number 2 718282 T temperature in degrees Celsius a 1 4141963 x 10 b 4 430783 x 108 c 3 4078983 x 104 d 8 894190 x 106 This value of Rt is then used to solve for the ADC value that should be sent over for the temperature set point ADCtempsetPoint 20 x 103 20 x 103 Rt x 65536 Example User chooses a temperature set point of 15 degrees C Rttsc 15722 ADCi5c 36692 Checking the housekeeping packet not that Rt is then c
51. a i on YY SOA NTNBOAAGANHAKAAD 7 OO O 0 3 ep ea Gy os Gy os gp po Ge I be be gt 2 Se a Om NN ON Ww amp Particle Size um Figure 5 1 17 The particle histogram plot used to size particles in real time The histogram plot uses two colors red and green in plotting The two are plotted alternately in order to contrast current measurements with past measurements Two other parameters in Figure 5 1 15 Interval and Update affect how often the current color is updated update and for how long each color is plotted interval For example if update is 1 sec and interval is 5 sec every 1 sec the histogram will update and every 5 sec the counting will alternate between green and red If update is 5 sec and interval is 20 there will be 4 updates between red and green changing To remove the histogram display either click on the minimize button in the upper right of the histogram window or uncheck the Plot it box in the Settings window The last plot of interest shows the location of detected particle ROI locations shown in Figure 5 1 18 Each ROl s top left corner and lower right corner are plotted in red and green respectively against x and y pixel coordinates of the CCD camera Thus each axis range is 1 to1024 This plot provides a visual means of identifying how uniformly the PDS system detects particles in the sample volume If the ROI locations become biased to one side of this plot there is likely
52. al z Array Board l N s Horizontal Optical Tray Figure 4 1 3 Horizontal Image Receive Path SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 39 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Vertical Laser Vertical Input Input Assembly Mirror E se Figure 4 1 5 Vertical Laser Transmit Path SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 40 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice ie MAAASR CRC e eee y Figure 4 1 6 Vertical Image Receive Path 4 1 2 CCD Image System Optical Channel PO imaging Laser P Input Mirror imaging Laser Input Assembly gt m Figure 4 1 7 Imaging Laser Transmit Path SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 41 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Imaging Lens Imaging Laser Folding Mirror Imaging Laser nput cai ar Figure 4 1 9 Vertical and Imaging laser transmit components under hood SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 42 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 4 2 Detailed Description of E
53. alculated from this ADC value to be Rt 6 5536E9 1 36692 65536 5 36692 15722 The temperature as defined from the housekeeping packet is 15 C For the PDS lasers the same equation as for ADCtempsetPoint is used ADC asertempset 20 x 103 20 x 103 Rt x 65536 Word 21 Imaging Optics Heater PI Control Proportional Coefficient This is sent as a 16 bit integer and then divided by 10 000 000 in the DSP to determine the correct floating point coefficient SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 60 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Word 22 Imaging Optics Heater PI Control Integral Coefficient This is sent as a 16 bit integer and then divided by 10 000 000 in the DSP to determine the correct floating point coefficient Word 23 Bits 0 7 Maximum 2D S Slices allowed to fire Is the maximum particle that the system will image If the particle is larger than Maximum Slices allowed to fire it will not trigger the system If this value is set to 255 all 1 s then there is no maximum all particles larger than min pixel word 24 will trigger the system all 1 s equal infinite Slices all 0 s is not allowed and is ignored Bit 8 0 Fire on particle leading edge Trigger time start of particle minimum pixels before firing laser trigger delay 1 Fire on particle trailing edge Tri
54. alue e g somewhere between 100 and 150 though this is different for each probe turn off live video by unchecking the Live Video box A new background should be taken immediately after any changes are made to the imaging laser set points If not the background subtraction will now have a large offset due to the changed image mean causing the particle processing algorithm to work poorly or not at all SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 86 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Lt Rates and Image Parameters Rates and Image Parameters Figure 5 1 16 CPI GUI window and Rates and Image parameters window in Live Video mode l 5 1 5 Display Options Aside from the displays previously discussed some derived parameters size histograms and ways of looking at and storing particle images are available to the user 5 1 5 1 Rates and Image Parameters Some of these were discussed in Section 1 and seen in Figure 5 1 1 More are available to the user via the Settings window in the Plots tab shown in Figure 5 1 14 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 87 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Figure 5 1 14 Plots tab of the Settings window for selecting items to display in the Rates and Imag
55. an this number of time slices in the second then the Automask algorithm will cease The number of contiguous samples with the same bit shaded which defines a stuck bit is user defined in the Periodic Mask Generation Menu under Tools See Figure below Periodic Mask Generation Threshold particles for new mask generation particle counts less than or equal to this will initiate a mask generation 5 Threshold Specify interval in minutes that a mask generation should take place 10 Minutes Specify interval in seconds that we spend looking for clean air before forcing a mask 60 Seconds Enter slice count where you should consider a particle a candidate for a stuck bit 700 Slices V Enable Periodic Mask Generation Save Exit Note One slice is 10 um wide so the stuck bit count should exceed the maximum expected particle or cloud drop diameter 10mm 1000 slices In the figure a stuck bit is defined at 700 slices which equal 7mm SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 118 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Note To change the number of slices value the Periodic Mask Generation box must first be selected the number of slices may then be edited and then Periodic Mask Generation may then be de selected The 2 DS will always look for stuck bits independent
56. and 0 to represent shadows particles Ends 0x4000 Indicates that this is the first and only word of a slice and that 5 NH 11 0 the sensor was completely Shadowed NV 11 0 Bit Definitions else 06 00 Number of Clear Sensors after Last Shadowed Sensor or from starting edge of array counting starts here 2 NH 11 0 13 07 Number of Shadowed Sensors after Last Cleared Sensor NV 11 0 14 1 Indicates that this is the first word of a Slice 15 This bit is used for uncompressed image data If this compressed image data the bit is always 0 If NH 12 or Time Timing Word NV 12 Cases then NH 12 or NV 12 Set No Data No Data NH 14 or NV 14 Set Time when FIFO Full Started Ended else NH NV 15 12 Cleared Time of last Slice in Particle Starts 3 NH 11 0 The Timing Word Word Order is as follows NV 11 0 First Timing Word 15 0 LSW amp Second Timing Word 31 16 ISW Ends Third Timing Word 47 32 MSW 5 NH 11 0 NV 11 0 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 63 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 4 2 6 2 Description of Frame Types Note NV NH implies NV or NH as only one is ever non zero e Normal Image Data Frame These frames consist of image data which fits into the maximum Frame Word Count of 1024 words a m o These are indicated by the Flag 2S
57. are in the enunciator panel read Section 5 1 7 and address the problem SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 105 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 5 3 2D S Graphical User Interface The stereo particle channels operate using the 2D S graphical user interface Since this program works both as a data acquisition program as well as a post processing program the GUI is referred to as the Real Time Acquisition program during data recording and as Playback during post processing In this section we discuss the aspects of the GUI related to data recording Use the 2D S software to operate the stereo channels double click the SPEC 3V CPI program icon on the Windows Desktop screen When the program is started four boxes should be displayed on the screen Use the Windows tab to recover features that cannot be seen Drag or shrink windows see all information at once SPEC 3 CPI 2D S Data Collection and Processing Program ersion 1 0 73 File Tools Window Help
58. asteners and the one center fastener have been removed form the pylon cover Using the edge of the cover gradually lift the pylon cover upward Figure 6 1 4 Take care not to damage the tongue or O ring on the pylon cover Very little force should be required to lift the tongue on the pylon cover from the groove on the pylon body 5 After the cover has been freed from groove grasp the cover with two hands and life the cover directly upward until it clears the internal sensor head assembly 6 Place the cover in a safe location such as a static matt Figure 6 1 5 7 Figures 6 1 6 and 6 1 7 show the parts of the pylon cover and pylon body that mate together Inspect the O rings for wear that may occur over time If the O rings appear damaged they should be replaced 8 Figure 6 1 8 shows the locations of the 8 8 32 front fairing fasteners There are four on each side The top front and back screws along with the two back middle screws are 3 8 The bottom front and back screws and the two front middle screws are 1 2 9 Remove all 8 fasteners using a 9 64 Allen wrench 10 After the fairing fasteners are removed slide the fairing directly away from the pylon as in Figure 6 1 9 DO NOT remove more than a few inches The heater in the front fairing is directly connected to the pylon 11 Once the fairing is removed place directly in front of the pylon so that the heater may be disconnected Figure 6 1 10 shows the front fairing heater
59. at a rate proportional to the particle s velocity such that image slices are taken at the pixel resolution Images slices are compressed and blocked into particle frames that are sent to a data acquisition system DAS for recording and display on the 2D S Graphical User Interface GUI When the laser array detects a particle s is in the imaging system object plane a high power laser flashes A CCD camera records the particle image s and the frame containing the particle s is sent to an image processing system that locates the particle s in the image and cuts out these regions of interest ROI for display and recording The CPI GUI is used to control the numerous parameters for the CCD camera The imaging system utilizes a 1024 x 1024 pixel monochrome digital camera that has eight bits of resolution 256 levels and has an effective pixel size of 2 3 microns The camera can download approximately 380 depending on concentration frames per second allowing the instrument to rapidly image small cloud particles SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 2 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 1 2 1 Instrument Behavior With No Particle Present Figure 1 1 2 shows the primary electro optical components in the 3V CPI The upper left diagram shows a 3 D rendering of the 3V CPI sample volume Two ribbon shaped intersecting laser beams form the 2D S
60. at are masked out Include particle offset in output should remain unchecked Ignore Housekeeping PC time differences turns off a quality control test that is implemented during playback post processing It should be left unchecked but may be enabled if data processing fails due to such errors Save Command Info to Disk when enabled records an ASCII file record of all the values and options sent in command packets to the 2D S when operating in real time This troubleshooting tool is normally disabled The name of the files produced have name format CMDLOGYYMMDDHHMMSS 2DS Figure 5 3 9 Periodic Mask Gereration s Periodic Mask Generation xj The periodic mask generation directs the 2D rie teal ramce trie meen eee S program to take a mask at specified time generation particle counts less than or equal intervals to this will initiate a mask generation The threshold field is how many particles per 10 Threshold second or less should transpire before a Specify interval in minutes that a mask command should be sent to the probe to take generation should take place an automask If clean air is not seen for more 10 Minutes than the interval given in the 3 field then a e ke i mask is taken regardless of the number of pecily interval in seconds at we spen looking for clean air before forcing a mask particles seen 10 Seconds It also allows choosing of a slice count Enter slice count where you should consider Maxman equivale
61. beled Heaters shows the temperature of the monitors throughout the probe This is also where the heaters are controlled To activate the heaters the user enables the De lce Heat button in the bottom left Individual heaters can then be controlled in the top left section labeled Set Points The 3V CPI sensor head will turn on heaters if any region that is individually enabled and has a measured temperature less than its set point The actual temperature of a region can be seen to the right in the Status section The temperature and Raw will be highlighted in red if the temperature is above its Set Point for a region and it will be highlighted blue if the region is colder In Figure 5 1 3 the four regions that are registering in the negatives have unconnected sensors Pylon Temp 2 and 3 will never be active and are only for future expansion on the 3V CPI sensor head If a heater was on during the last second the sensor head reports that this is the case and the corresponding radio button will be active black in the Sta column of the Status section The column labeled RAW contains analog to digital ADC and digital to analog DAC converter values currently measured or set by the probe and DAS The bottom right section shows the sensors that have no corresponding heaters These should be monitored as well to make sure that there is no region widely out of sync with the rest of the sensor head The reported values under the Monitors tab
62. cle passes through the sample volume a shadow passes over the array thereby reducing the current The photo current is converted to a voltage with a two stage trans impedance amplifier This voltage the element voltage is compared with a low pass filtered baseline restored version of itself to create a binary value from each diode The binary value will be TRUE when the shadow exceeds fifty percent of the average element voltage These binary values form the digital IMAGE vector that is sent to the control module Seven of the element voltages that include both end elements and the center element are low pass filtered buffered and sent to the DSP card as analog voltages The end elements are monitored while aligning the optics to aid centering the laser beam on the array The SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 43 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice center diode is used to adjust the laser intensity until the center pixels are nearly at saturation The photo detector cards interface to the control module through a pair of high density controlled impedance cables These cables are terminated at the DSP card with series 100 ohm resistors 4 2 2 DSP Data Acquisition and Control The DSP PCB contains the brains of the 3V CPI probe The main components of this PCB include a large Xilinx Field Programmable Gate Array FPGA an Anal
63. computer controller not a standard item for the 2D S for autonomous operation Contact SPEC if interested in a version of the data and power system that runs autonomously Bitmap Display Rate sets the maximum number of particles displayed on the Particle Display in each array during a second Despite being capable of recording thousands of particles per second the maximum display rate is 10 per second Analog Settings is where the gain and offsets are entered to adjust housekeeping data from the probe Use Display Separator puts a single black line between each displayed particle to better differentiate between particles Pixel Histogram opens a window in which the number of times each element for both horizontal and vertical channels is shadowed This works only in playback It is useful for identifying noisy elements elements that are not working or masked etc It is also useful when processing flight data to verify a homogenous sampling distribution across the 128 elements of either channel Raw Data Processing Mode should be left unchecked as shown This mode turns off error testing of the data during playback and should not normally be used SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 112 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Stuck Bit Handling is a very important tool If an array element gets noisy the operator needs to set
64. ct images that have a particle present in the image If the probe is repeatedly trying to take a background and is in high SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 103 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice concentrations the solution is to exit the cloud for a brief period to allow the probe to take a background image in clear air Particle Threshold Too Low Minimum Size Pixels Too Low The Particle Threshold and Min Size Pixels fields in Figure 5 2 3 greatly affect whether or not the DAS detects particles real or not in image frames If the probe is failing to get a background try changing these values to the more conservative values of 50 for the Particle Threshold and 6 for the Min Size Pixels If this is not the problem the user should go back to the previous settings somewhere around 40 and 4 as raising these values raises the minimum size particle the probe will measure See Section 5 1 4 2 Particle Collection and Associated Controls for more information on the Particle Threshold and Min Size Pixels settings Image Mean Too High Too Low Each 3V CPI has a different range of image means with which it performs well A reasonable range for most probes however is 80 to 160 These limits are entered by the user in the Imaging and Background tab of the Settings window as
65. d only be performed by personnel who have read and become familiar with this procedure 1 Torx plus fasteners are used to fasten the pylon lid to the pylon body This type of fastener uses a special type of drive to minimize stripping of the drive head over repeated use Special T15 Torx Plus drivers Figure 6 1 1 are necessary to work on the pylon These drivers have been provided with the 3V CPI 2 32 black oxide 8 32 X 1 2 Torx plus fasteners are used to fasten the pylon cover to the pylon body Figure 6 1 7 It is important to not use fasteners longer than 1 2 Using longer fasteners could break through they pylon causing it to lose all pressurization and permanent damage to the hermetic seal The center fastener is 1 4 28 X 1 and requires a 3 16 allen wrench SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 120 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 3 Using the Torx plus driver gradually loosen all the pylon fasteners approximately to turn saving the center 1 4 28 fastener for last Figure 6 1 3 This will gradually decrease the compression on the O ring and uniformly decrease the stress on the pylon cover Once all the fasteners have been initially loosened proceed to remove them until all 32 fasteners are removed Place the fasteners in a safe place as they will be reused during reassembly 4 Verify that all 32 f
66. drivers need to be adjusted this can be done in the 2D S GUI as described in Section 5 3 Figure 5 1 8 2D S Arrays Lasers tab of the Settings window SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 78 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 5 1 3 2 3V CPI Triggering Combining the 2D S capabilities with the CPI makes imaging of selective particle sizes possible This is controlled in the Triggering tab of the Settings window shown in Figure 5 1 9 Options are set in the left hand column and the status of the Imaging System is seen in the right column I Figure 5 1 9 Triggering tab of the Settings window The first part of the Triggering tab designates which component of the 3V CPI controls the triggering This can be either the DSP PDS DAS or both the PDS and DAS as pictured in Figure 5 1 9 It is recommended that Both be selected unless troubleshooting The horizontal and vertical channels can be turned on or off using the buttons in the next two rows on the left Both lasers are usually used to trigger the Imaging system Each channel that is currently triggering will have a selected box on the right The next four rows of the menu control what particle size triggers the Imaging System along with when the system is triggered The first row Max Slices Allow sets the maximum sized particle that the system wil
67. e Parameters plot A short description of each item available for plotting follows 1 2 Frames Captured The number of frames in which the DAS found particles and cut out ROIs Frames Attempted The number of frames the DAS searched for particles due to correlated PDS STATUS having value of one Valid Frames Frames Captured Frames Attempted x 100 Imaged Particles The number of ROIs cut out from searched image frames Particle Concentration An estimate of the number of particles per liter based on the air speed ROI Concentration TBD PDS Strobes Total number of transit time qualified particles sensed Laser Strobes The number of times the imaging laser was fired in an attempt to image a sensed particle Image Mean The mean of the last processed frame Transit Time Interval during which the particle was in both PDS beams SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 88 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 10 Missed PDS TBD 11 Imaged Particles The number of ROIs found in the last processed frame 5 1 5 2 Displays Histograms and ROI X Y Plots The last tab available in the Settings Window is the Disp Hist tab shown in Figure 5 1 15 Under the label Layout the number of columns and rows for displaying particle images is selected Shown in Figure 5 1 15 is Cols 5 and Rows 4 Thi
68. e 4 2 2 The values for the parameters that have a CO and C1 coefficient given in the table are solved from Housekeeping Value CO C1 x Raw Where Raw is the value that is sent over in the housekeeping packet A description of each parameter and its conversion is provided following Note the raw ADC values in the HK packet are 16 bit unsigned Table 4 2 1 Housekeeping Packet Format Probe to 2D S amp CPI GUI For Display 1 Housekeeping ASCII ID HK 0x484B Packet Length in words 83 0x0053 T O Fiber Link old Aft Sample Tube CPI See Notes Below Temp C B Nose Cone od Pyion Temp 1 B Pylon Temp 2 C Pylon Temp 3 C CCD Camera Temp C imaging Lens Temp C imaging Laser Temp C SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 45 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 18 19 28 31 PDS_45 TEC Curent Amps BOTH o 8 04985 32 PDS_90 TEC Curent Amps BOTH 0 5 049865 33 PDS_45 Laser On notused BOTH 0o 7624E5 34 PDS_90 Laser On notused BOTH 0 7 620465 35 7 V Monitor Vots leom o 1525884 37 PDS 4 Diode Elemento v Bom o ooma 38 PDS 4 Diode Element 21 V Bomm o 0o04 39 PDS_45 Diode Element42 v BOTH o 0o04 40 PDS_45 Diode Element64 v Bom o 0o04 41 PDS_45 Diode Element85 v Bomm o 0 00aaaia 42 PDS_4
69. e 5 1 3 Housekeeping window Heaters tab SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 73 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 3 CPI Housekeeping Data Figure 5 1 4 Housekeeping window Monitors tab SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 74 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice xb 30 7157 C osm fansizec 29 3446 C 12 eos aspen ena Tt 24 919020 mae bk sanac Foxb73s 30 3259 C Oxb788_ 30 4672 C 23 Internal Plat Oxbaf4 32 0479 24 DSP Card Temp oxeabo 39 1468 c A ds ep Ter E oe D 1i g4D00 40 0439 ative osez fiets 30 internal E S oxeoa7 1 6715 pa 32 PDS 90 TEC Current Oxlee0 _ 0 399136 2 lesen e 0x229 0 67590 Figure 5 1 5 Housekeeping window Housekeeping packets tab SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 75 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 5 1 1 2 Stats Window Selecting Stats Window in the View menu opens the statistics window shown in Figure 5 1 6 This window contains a set of parameters of interest to the user Statistics Figure 5 1 6 Statistics window Items in the section of the statist
70. e and Heater Status Bits Note word 55 bit 8 15 contains only the least sig byte of the last CPI command word 79 contains the entire 16 bit value of the last CPI command These are bit mapped status bits The information provided by each bit is listed in the Table 2 Word 57 Optical Block Heater PWM Percentage A counter on the 3V CPI counts repeatedly from 0 to 19 When the count is greater than or equal to the set value sent over in this housekeeping parameter the heater is turned on Thus the percentage on is solved from On Time 20 SET 20 x 100 On Time 100 5 SET Words 58 59 69 Number of horizontal vertical stereo particles detected Directly Read from FPGA partcnt_hz partcnt_vt This is the number of particles detected by the PDS channels in a one second period Word 60 Dead Time Directly Read from FPGA dead_time Dead Time Counter gives an indication of the amount of time the CPI system could not capture new camera frames because of either a previous event PDS_Stat high or post processing of last camera frame ex_sync high The counter increments every time the mp_tmr2 FPGA input pin rises AND pds_stat or ex_sync are high Word 61 Maximum 2D S Slices 2D S Pixels in time dimension before Firing Bit 0 7 Maximum Slices allowed to fire If the particle is larger than this value the laser will not fire and no PDS_Stat is sent to the CPI all 1 s equal infinite Slices no maximum all
71. e file manually though some times necessary must be performed carefully Incorrect format of the cpi INI file can cause the DAS program to fail to communicate correctly with the probe or even to start Therefore always back up the cpi INI file before making changes The cpi INI file is located in the c winnt directory Editing may be done using the Windows Notepad program A copy of a sample cpi INI file is included in appendix Section 7 3 and has line numbers added for reference that are not in the standard cpi INI file These are for reference only and should not be added to the actual file The cpi INI file records the set point value of all parameters accessed from the CPl exe program Most changes to the cpi INI file occur when the user adjusts a parameter eg in Advanced control and settings window during real time operation and then stops data acquisition by hitting the stop probe button and exits the program Some parameters in the cpi INI file however must be changed within the file directly and will be carefully discussed below The cpi INI file is separated into sections each delimited by brackets For example on line 1 System indicates to the DAS program that it will find information related to the current system here The parameters under System come factory configured and should not be changed by the user Likewise the parameters under the next heading ROI Parameters should not be changed directly using a t
72. e voltage pulse height that was output from each of the PDS detectors Wait in this state and don t allow any more particles to be imaged until an EXSYNC pulse is received from the frame grabber in the data acquisition system The EXSYNC pulse causes the camera to download its current image to the data acquisition computer It also tells the sensor head electronics that the camera and data acquisition computer are ready to take the next picture e State 4 Perform some of the operations to reset the sensor head electronics in preparation for the next particle Wait for the CLEAR HOLD signal from the DSP This signal tells the state machine that the DSP is ready for the next particle e State 5 Go to state 6 e State 6 Reset the pulse shaping electronics in the PDS detectors to get ready for the next particle e State 7 Continue resetting the pulse shaping electronics in the PDS detectors If no particles are detected in the beam go to state 0 otherwise wait here The imaging laser will fire when the PIB_OK signal goes low This causes the image of the particle to be captured by the CCD camera The Camera downloads the captured image to the frame grabber which is located in the Data Acquisition System as soon as it receives the next EXSYNC pulse from the frame grabber Once the image download is complete the frame grabber interrupts the computer Before the image was downloaded the frame grabber checked the PDS STATUS signal to see if the
73. een while it is allocating memory 6 You should see an Allocating Memory message as shown in Figure 2 4 3 This message indicates that the CPI GUI is allocating memory locally in the Data Acquisition Computer It is not yet trying to communicate with the probe Sensor Head Wait about forty seconds After about forty seconds the message window should change to Initializing the Probe as shown in Figure 2 4 4 In this step the CPI GUI tries to communicate with the probe If it is successful it sets up probe operating values receives data packets from the probe directs the CCD camera to take two background images and processes those images to establish a background reference for the probe s imaging system SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 23 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice x START Live i i 7 AeH T Video El Maleae r Nir seTTINGs Ready PROBE INITIALIZED NUM Tistat A a Fe Figure 2 4 4 3V CPI Program Screen While It Is Initializing the Probe 8 After about ten more seconds you should see the CPI startup screen as seen in Figure 2 4 5 This contains a particle image display window with at least one background image Also you should see a Statistics window on the right hand side of the screen as shown in Figure 2 4 5 If you see a screen like Figure 2 4 5
74. er Interface 5 1 1 View Menu 5 1 2 Setting Menu 5 1 3 2D S Control and Monitoring 5 1 4 Image Collection Control and Monitoring 5 2 5 3 5 4 Section 6 6 1 6 2 6 3 Section 7 7 1 5 1 5 Display Options 5 1 6 CPI INI File Description CPI GUI Real Time Operation and Troubleshooting 5 2 1 Operation and Troubleshooting in Flight 5 2 2 RTIA Log Troubleshooting 5 2 3 Background Troubleshooting 5 2 4 Threshold Operation and Troubleshooting 2D S Graphical User Interface Real Time Operation Troubleshooting for 2D S GUI 5 4 1 Stuck Bits 5 4 2 No or Loss of Response from Probe 5 4 3 Distorted Images 5 4 4 Over Masking of Array Elements PROCEDURES science ene ina siesta useseatet vb vou AERE EAER AEAEE Naaa anA 120 Pylon Cover and Front Fairing Removal Pylon Cover and Front Fairing Installation Cleaning 3V CPI Optical Windows APPENDICES aeaa ies 138 Mechanical Drawing For Installation on Aircraft 1 3V CPI General Description The 3V CPI is an airborne atmospheric research instrument that combines the capabilities of the 2D S with the CPI The Stereo Particle Imaging Probe 2D S is an airborne optical instrument that measures the size shape and concentration of atmospheric particles with two cross sectional laser arrays The Cloud Particle Imager CPI is triggered by the 2D S to capture high resolution images of particles as they pass through the instrument 1 1 Main Parts of The 3V CPI The 3V CPI can be subdivided into two bas
75. eration That is only a green background valid light is present The other lights alert the user to some problem conditions for normal operation Recording Disabled tells the user that no data is currently being recorded Live Video On tells the user that the probe is in Live Video Mode 4 Invalid Temperatures tells the user that four different temperatures are beyond their alarm limits Figure 5 1 19 Enunciator Panel lights Any light other than Background Valid should prompt the user to further investigate the problem or take corrective action Live Video On can be corrected by clicking off the Live Video checkbox in the main Real Time Operation Window Figure 5 1 1 Recording Disabled can be corrected by clicking on the Record Data Checkbox in the main operators window Messages such as invalid temperature power supply out of range PDS detector invalid require the user to look at the housekeeping window to further diagnose the problem Figure 5 1 20 shows a portion of the housekeeping window with two parameters out of range One parameter is turned blue because it is below the lower alarm limit and another parameter is red because it is above the upper alarm limit SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 96 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice SVR Sea ia es Del
76. es of the horizontal and vertical channels shows that the true air speed TAS was set too slow causing the electronics to sample too fast When the TAS is set to the right speed one pixel corresponds to 10 microns in both the X and Y direction in the image X 5 376 500 221 53x51 300 126 396 1961200 302 444 649 35232 19 55 r a 8 55 23 195 Tims 10 35 23 339 HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL IMAGES FROM 2D S GUI Figure 1 1 4 Image displays of CPI and 2D S GUls side by side SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Page 6 2 Getting Started 2 1 Unpacking the 3V CPI This procedure is to be followed when unpacking the 3V CPI system after shipment or storage 1 Open the shipping case containing the 3V CPI sensor head Figure 2 1 1 2 Remove the 3V CPI pylon from the shipping case and place on a padded surface Figure 2 1 2 3 Remove the pylon plug from the 3V CPI sensor head before operating Figure 2 1 3 The pylon plug is used to keep contamination out of the 3V CPI sample tube during shipping It should be reinstalled before the pylon is shipped 4 Verify that the contents of both shipping containers match the contents on the included packing list 5 The 3V CPI can now be connected following the Connection Procedure Section 2 2 AFTER REMOVING SENSOR H
77. eshold feature see word 24 Bits 6 7 gt CPI Trigger Source 00 either PDS or DAS default 01 DAS CPI data acquisition system 10 DSP master DSP mp_tmr1 11 PDS sensor input based Bits 2 3 5 6 amp 7 Directly Written to FPGA Heater Control Bit Mapped 1 on Bit 0 gt Front Fairing old Forward Sample Tube Bit 1 gt Central Sample Tube Bit 2 gt Fiberlink boxes old Aft Sample Tube Bit 3 gt Nose Cone Pylon 1 Bit 4 gt Pylon 2 Bit 5 gt Pylon 3 Bit 6 gt Camera Bit 7 gt Imaging Lens Bit 8 gt Imaging Laser SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 58 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Bit 9 gt PDS_45 Laser Bit 10 gt PDS_90 Laser Bit 11 gt PDS_45 Optics Bit 12 gt PDS_90 Optics Bit 13 gt Imaging Optics Spare Bit 14 gt Spare 2 Bit 15 gt Spare 3 Imaging Laser Current Voltage Imaging Laser Pulse Width Voltage Bit 0 7 Maximum Slices allowed to fire all 1 s equal infinite Slices all 0 s is not allowed and is ignored Bit 8 0 Fire on particle leading edge 1 Fire on particle trailing edge Directly Wrote to FPGA 0x0F delay_max Bits 0 10 Laser Trigger Delay Pixel delay between stereo particle recognition and imaging laser firing only 11 bits used in units of 10um TAS clocks see below Directly Wrote to FPGA delay
78. ext editor such as Notepad Some of these parameters are manipulated by the user from within the CPl exe program but will be explained in following sections that describe the DAS graphical user interface GUI Next comes the Probe Settings heading This section contains the first parameters a user may need to change directly For example on lines 26 and 27 the cpi INI file contains the following Setting Forward Sample Tube Temp set point setting1 957 0 957 Current set point Upper limit Lower limit SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 93 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Note that the semicolon indicates that the information on line 26 is for the user s information only the DAS does not do anything with it Line 26 tells the user that the next line contains the temperature set point for the Forward Sample Tube The three numbers from left to right are 1 The current set point 2 The lower limit of the set point 3 The upper limit of the set point The current set point value is written to the file every time the CPl exe program is shutdown by the user The lower and upper limits set the acceptable set point range for the particular parameter These limits serve as the slider limits in the advanced control and settings window If a value is manually typed in that is not within range an error message
79. failed attempts to acquire a background will cause the program to stop communications with the sensor head These failures and others and their solutions will be explained in Real Time Operation and Troubleshooting Section 5 2 Changing Particle Threshold Minimum Pixel Size Strobes Threshold Minimum and Maximum Image Mean and Background Rate All of these parameters are readily changed in the Imaging and Background tab of the Settings window shown in Figure 5 1 15 5 1 4 2 Particle Collection and Associated Controls The process of searching for particles in an image frame that arrives with a concurrent PDS STATUS bit value of one indicating the imaging laser was fired due to the presence of a particle is much like the process for acquiring a background image The new image is subtracted from the background image and the difference image referred to as a background subtracted image is searched for pixels below the particle threshold An example of the background image IMAGE 1 taken from Figure 5 1 10 and an image with a potential particle are shown in Figure 5 1 13 Figure 5 1 14 shows the background subtracted image BACKGROUND IMAGE NEW IMAGE Figure 5 1 13 Background image and new CCD camera image for particle extraction example SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 83 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and wi
80. fined number of contiguous samples resulting in vertical black lines of particle data These black lines are caused by a number of factors including contamination on the probe windows condensation and periods between thermalization The 2DS GUI allows the user to determine the actions taken when a stuck bit is found The options which are listed under Tools Stuck Bit Handling are as follows 1 Do Nothing keeps recording regardless of noise SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 117 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 2 Notify User a window will pop up alerting the operator of a problem he can then send a command packet to build a new mask 3 Resend Mask with Bits Masked Out sends the mask to the probe with the identified stuck bits that are to be ignored by the probe 4 Initiate Automask This option starts an automask where the mask algorithm should identify the stuck bits automatically The mask algorithm uses the user set the limits in the command window in the H V AM Automask boxes The MaxSlice says if there is more than this many time slices apparent particles in one second then run the Automask algorithm The Rej is the threshold when a single pixel makes up more than this percent of total pixel counts then it will be masked out The MinSlice states that when the algorithm is running and there is less th
81. ft side of the window sends a packet of information to the probe Important to note the above image and duplicate in the 2D S real time software 1 First 3 spares set to ffff 4t spare set to 0200 5th spare set to 0078 These last two settings are gain coefficients in Hex for a proportional integral arm tip heater control algorithm These settings should only be changed after discussion with SPEC personnel 2 Comp Mode set to Both Ch or Ver Only for the 2D 128 The MaxSlice Rej and MinSlice parameters Are mask settings describe in Section 2 2 4 The arm heaters are now controlled as transmit receive pairs therefore only the heater zones labeled Hor Transmit Arm Temp and Vert Transmit Arm Temp are used to turn on and off the arm heaters The Hor Receive Arm Temp and Vert Receive Arm Temp check boxes have no effect on probe operation 5 The laser drive of the probe can be set to a maximum of 4095 in most cases that much power is not necessary and would saturate the array There is a laser power Al algorithm that can be utilized and if enabled this number doesn t need to be adjusted 6 To build masks on either channel because of noisy elements check one or both Build Mask boxes Be sure to have the Build Mask boxes Unchecked when the probe is flying in cloud pa SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 110 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to
82. ftware The cleaning tool is inserted in the direction of airflow through the probe from the end where the nose cone mounts 10 If the elemental array voltages are running low for a channel the respective windows must be cleaned Figure 6 3 9 For the stereo particle channels verify the lasers are at factory settings Observing the element array voltages for the channel that is running low clean and dry the input window and observe the element voltages If it stayed the same move onto the output window If the element levels increased back within acceptable ranges of 1 5 3 5 V cleaning is complete 11 Clean the imaging system windows Figure 6 3 9 Before cleaning the imaging system windows run the probe in Live Video Mode and locate any contamination visible by the CCD array Observe the effect of the cleaning on the CCD array image there should be fewer contaminants visible after cleaning Also observe the image mean in real time The image mean should increase or stay the same after cleaning If the image mean decreases or more contaminants are present in the CCD image repeat the cleaning procedure 12 Cleaning of the windows can occur when the probe is mounted to an aircraft or in the laboratory in or out of the pylon 13 The exact location of the windows depends on the orientation of the probe This is critical for identifying which window is being cleaned Figure 6 3 8 and Figure 6 3 9 show the internal sensor removed from the
83. gger time end of particle laser trigger delay Bits 9 15 unused Directly Wrote to FPGA delay_max Word 24 Bits 0 10 Pixel delay between stereo particle recognition and imaging laser firing This is in units of TAS clock same as distance 1 TAS clock 10um A value of 0 indicates no delay Bits 11 15 Minimum Pixels Required before CPI will image a particle only 5 bits used A value of 0 indicates 1 pixel width and a value of 0b11111 32 pixel widths Directly Wrote to FPGA delay_tt Word 25 LSB Array Skew Offset in pixels between the two diode arrays signed value This field is only six bits five bits bits 0 4 indicating the slice or pixel delay in time between the two arrays One bit bit 5 indicating which array is leading 0 for vertical leading 1 for horizontal leading Directly Wrote to FPGA skew_mask bit 0 5 Word 25 MSB Skew Fuzzy Window The number of pixels or slices the HZ and VT particles can be apart in time and still considered for triggering The only valid numbers are 0 15 bits 8 11 of word 25 Directly Wrote to FPGA skew_mask bit 8 11 When the 3V CPI camera captures a particle event a serial PDS packet also called Timing packet is sent to the data system from the FPGA See section 4 FPGA Description for a description of this packet SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 61 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and re
84. gs for this on line 66 of the cpi INI file are again given in ADC values Setting14 4095 0 4095 And the reported limits on line 171 Gain Offset19 0 0246752 1 6774 15 000000 41 000000 are 15 and 41 mW upper and lower respectively The settings and gains offsets all have a descriptive line of text above them indicating which physical parameter the values correspond to Other than the settings limits and alarm limits the user should not manipulate anything in the cpi INI file The limits are set to reasonable values by SPEC before shipping the CPI and data system however some changes to these values may be appropriate depending on operating conditions See Section 5 1 7 1 Finally a few setting limits and gain offset limit values are set at the factory and should not be changed They are 1 Imaging laser current set voltage 2 Imaging laser pulse width set voltage 3 Imaging Laser Current Set Point 4 Imaging Laser Pulse Width Set Point SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 95 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 5 1 6 1 Enunciator Panel The purpose of the enunciator panel is to alert CPI operators to potential instrument problems Figure 5 1 19 shows the enunciator panel that is located at the top of main real time operation window in Figure 5 1 1 Ideally the user sees a clean panel during normal op
85. he Netburner 0x0000 data will be provided The 2 049th word will be the normal check sum There is one caveat to the Flush operation It is possible for the FPGA storage to reach the 2K Word threshold while the Flush operation is occurring This is OK if the Flush No Data Frame has not yet been sent as the data will just read out without ever inserting that Frame However once written the Flush No Data Frame is written the Flush Operation will complete regardless of future FPGA storage status 4 2 6 4 The FPGA Sends Timing Word Information to the CPI GUI The following table describes the Timing Word Packets sent on the assertion of the PDS_STAT signal This packet is sent from the FPGA in the probe to the CPI GUI over the serial RS 422 interface SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 65 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Table 4 2 8 Timing Word Packet Format Word Name Description 1 Flag HEX Value used to distinguish PDS Packet 0x4450 2 Size Number of Words in this Packet 0x0008 3 Type Another Packet Type to distinguish Time Packet 0x5050 4 6 Time 3 Word Timing Word 3 LSB 4 ISB 5 MSB at time of PDS_stat assertion also coincident with laser trigger 7 Particles Number of Particles detected since last PDS Time Packet 8 Horizontal The horizontal particle number that triggered the PD
86. hnical Manual February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Page 135 1 2 or Crescent Wrench F Figure 6 4 3 Use the 1 2 wrench on the nut most near the body to hold fitting Use the 9 16 wrench on the cap DO NOT BREAK THE SEAL BETWEEN THE FITTING AND THE PYLON WHEN REMOVING CAP SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 136 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice One Fitting Open to Atmosphere Connected to Dry Air or Nitrogen Figure 6 4 4 Proper purging configuration One fitting is open to the atmosphere the other is connected to the tube with compressed air flowing through Do not flow a rate greater than 10 Ipm do not let the internal pressure exceed 5 psi SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 137 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 7 Appendices 7 1 Mechanical Drawing for Installation On Aircraft When installing the 3V CPI on an aircraft it is important to use the right sized fasteners with the proper thread engagement into the pylon If the fasteners are too short the pylon is at risk of becoming detached from the aircraft Having fasteners that are too long run risk of puncturing
87. i Automated Laser Power Adjustment Figure 5 3 10 Automated Laser Power Adjustment Algorithm for Adjusting Laser Power The acceptable voltage range for the 2D S is 1 5 to 3 5 volts Below that voltage noisy bits are known to occur Above that value circuit saturation occurs and imaging is compromised The purpose of the Al algorithm will be to make sure the instrument is working at its peak performance during unsupervised flight The Al command box needs 6 user adjustable values to set the Al 1 The first input needs to be the Desired Maximum Voltage DMV This is the array voltage that we d prefer to see in the housekeeping data SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 115 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 2 Second input is an acceptable range from the Desired Maximum Voltage MVR A plus or minus value from the Desired Maximum voltage we can also tolerate 3 Third a Maximum Voltage Difference MVD from the next highest recorded voltage to the second highest voltage To insure we aren t adjusting the laser power because 1 array element is very high compared to the others 4 A time period to run this Al algorithm in seconds PER 5 Power adjustment factor PAF The amount of the laser power is bumped in each cyle of the Al to reach the Desired Maximum Voltage or its range 6 A Time to the Al to wait for laser p
88. ialize Correctly See flowchart In Figure 5 2 1 Yes a Background enunciator active Enjoy the flight your probe is working Are the Image mean MIN MAX and Background Mean MIN MAX Setto 80 160 No See Section 2 3 2 and adjust the background and image means See section 5 2 3 2 And adjust the Imaging laser power Figure 5 2 2 Background image troubleshooting flowchart SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual February 2012 Page 102 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 5 2 3 2 What To Do If Probe Is Communicating With DAS but No Background Taken If the Background Invalid enunciator is flashing or if the background image has a very low or high image mean which varies from probe to probe steps can be taken to improve the background High Particle Concentration The first type of problem that can occur is the DAS attempting to get a background while in the presence of high particle concentrations The DAS waits until there are less than Strobes Threshold particles detected per second before attempting to get a background see Figure 5 2 3 Figure 5 2 3 Imaging and Background tab of Settings window Raising the Strobes Threshold value does not improve the likelihood of getting a valid background while in high particle concentrations because the background validation process will reje
89. ic parts shown in the block diagram Figure 1 1 1 The first part the Data Acquisition System is housed inside a rack mount computer case This is usually mounted inside the aircraft cabin The second part is the Sensor Head or Pylon which is located outside the aircraft on the fuselage or wing 115 VAC Heaters Camera Pylon Fiber Ethernet Optic RSUD Connections Image amp Frames Diff Sigs 500fps 2x 115 VAC i 60 or 400Hz 3V CPIl Switch amp DAS Circuit 28V DC Breakers 4U rack mount Figure 1 1 1 3V CPI Block Diagram SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 1 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 1 2 Functional Overview 1024 x 1024 Pixels Background with No Particle Figure 1 1 2 3 D portrayal of optics and exposed image of the CCD camera when no particle is present The 3V CPI has two identical optical channels that are orthogonal to each other and normal to the flow of particles Each channel has a fiber coupled diode laser that produces a sheet of laser light that is roughly 1 3 x 50 mm in size and passes between the windows located on the inboard sides of the optical arms This sheet of light is directed onto a linear array of 128 elements with the magnification required to produce approximately 10 micron pixels in the sample volume The array is sampled
90. ics window labeled Last Frame are discussed in Section 5 1 6 covering image collection control and monitoring The items in the upper portion of the window are updated at the user selected interval in seconds which is the first item in the Frame Particle and Other Rates section The user also enters air speed here in meters per second for use in deriving parameters such as particle concentrations The true air speed has no other function and entering values that do not match the speed of the craft on which the CPI is located will not affect its operation The Frms Captured Frms Attempted and Valid Frms fields refer to the number of frames the DAS has received in the last Interval period in which a valid ROI was found the number of frames total SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 76 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice received in the same period with and without ROIs and the percentage of valid frames equal to frames captured frames attempted x 100 respectively Imaged particles are the number of ROIs found during the interval Particle Conc is the derived particle concentration and ROI Conc is the derived number of ROIs in the last interval period given in units of number per liter PDS strobes is the number of times the PDS system has seen a qualified particle pa
91. igure 4 1 1 shows their locations in diagram form VERTICAL LASER IMAGING LASER INPUT WINDOW INPUT WINDOW SIDE a SECTION SAMPLE VOLUME VIEW e i VERTICAL LASER IMAGE LASER OUTPUT WINDOW OPTICAL BLOCK OUTPUT WINDOW HORIZONTAL LASER INPUT WINDOW a TOP a l ea SAMPLE a AIR FLOW IMAGING LASER INPUT WINDOW TOP HORIZONTAL LASER OUTPUT WINDOW Figure 4 1 1 Cutaway of optical block showing laser beam and window locations 4 1 1 Horizontal and Vertical Optical Channels The instrument has a horizontal channel and a vertical channel to record two views of particles passing through the sample volume Each channel has transmitting optics subsystem and receiving optics subsystem The transmitting optics consist of a fiber coupled diode laser and beam shaping optics and the receiving system consists of imaging optics and a linear photodiode array located on the array board The transmitting optics can be seen in Figure 4 1 2 for the horizontal path and Figures 4 1 4 5 for the vertical The receiving system is shown in Figure 4 1 3 for the horizontal path and Figure 4 1 6 for the vertical path SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 38 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice e Horizontal Laser Horizontal Fiber Coupled Diode Laser Figure 4 1 2 Horizontal Laser Transmit Path _ Horizont
92. igure the ingestion of TAS into the program To set TAS to manual mode make sure Fixed Settings is chosen Customers may contact SPEC for a guide on how to configure 2D S software to properly input TAS from a source SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 107 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice SE TAS Source Settings Ea p TAS Source _ 5 External TAS Setting TAS Limit COM Port C NASA DCB l ea z WB 57 Navigation MIN j 75 Baud Rate 9500 gt C TAS RADOME MAX 175 RADOME Offset 14 TAS PITOT change required 5 15 FYED SETTING to update 1 99 PITOT Offset C NCAR C 130 WB 57 NASA DC 8 Offset 15 Comma Separated NCAR C 130 Offset field 9 TAS Token Position 9 Input Format Units Serial Input TAS m s UDP Input C TAS knots NOTE If source is NASA DC 8 incoming TAS will be converted from knots to meters sec before being displayed in the Set True Air Speed window and sent to the probe TAS displayed in the housekeeping window and MIN MAX settings above should be in knots Cancel Figure 5 3 3 True Airspeed Settings Regardless of the actual airspeed the probe has an upper limit airspeed of 170 m s 340 knots You should never have an inputted TAS higher than this value sent to the probe Errors in data recording will occur It is okay to fly
93. ime and without notice Figure 2 2 9 Removing caps from Fiber Cables and Converters Figure 2 2 10 Attaching Fiber Cables to Converters SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 16 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Connect Computer Power and Sensor AC1 amp AC2 Power A Keyboard and Monitor Figure 2 2 12 Connecting 28 VDC keyboard and monitor to back of Data Acquisition System SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 17 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice a Figure 2 2 14 Connecting the sensor camera cable to the Sensor Head SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 18 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 2 3 3V CPI Atomizer Setup for Laboratory Testing 1 Verify 3V CPI has been connected to the Data Acquisition System unit following the connection procedure Place 3V CPI on stable riser blocks Figure 2 3 1 Height of blocks should be sufficient for bottom connector clearance but low enough to keep instrument stable Figure 2 3 2 Plug in vacuum hose adapter to 3V CPI exhaust tube Figure 2 3 3 Vacuum hose adapter may have to be custom fit to mate with 3V CP
94. imits of 5 C and 35C shown on line 135 of the cpi INI file This heat zone may have a lower limit that is often exceeded during flights in extremely cold ambient conditions In this case the user should decrease the lower limit to below 10 C a temperature that the pylon may often reach and that does not require a warning to be issued to the user For the user to have any confidence that the flashing enunciator lights should SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 97 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice be taken seriously the limits must be customized in the cpi INI file for a particular CPI in a particular operating environment Other enunciator messages such as PDS Detector Invalid alert the user to a problem with the PDS system If the PDS detector DC level is too high that particular PDS laser power needs to be decreased to allow dynamic range on the detector for triggering see Section 5 1 3 1 This may also indicate a larger problem such as contamination on the windows of the PDS system This condition may indicate it is time for the windows to be cleaned 5 2 CPI GUI Real Time Operation and Troubleshooting The real time operation and troubleshooting section will outline the process of operating the 3V CPI in real time The flowchart in Figure 5 2 1 should be used as a step by step guide to enable the user to operate
95. ing Lens Bit 8 gt Imaging Laser Bit 9 gt PDS_45 Laser Bit 10 gt PDS_90 Laser Bit 11 gt PDS_45 Optics Bit 12 gt PDS_90 Optics Bit 13 gt Imaging Optics Bit 14 gt Spare 2 Bit 15 gt Spare 3 1 1 Optical Block PWM Percentage CPI 5 Number of H detected particles BOTH 1 Directly Read from FPGA 0x09 Number of V detected particles BOTH 1 Directly Read from FPGA 0x0A Dead Time Seconds CPI Directly Read from FPGA 0x07 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 47 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice P N 100 2 Bit 0 10 Laser Trigger Delay Pixels 11 bits Bit 11 16 Minimum Pixels before Firing Pixels 5 bits Directly Read from FPGA 0x10 Directly Read from FPGA 0x19 p a Directly Read from FPGA 0x19 Directly Read from FPGA 0x0C Number of vertical overload periods Directly Read from FPGA 0x0D 61 Bit 0 7 CPI 1 Maximum Slices allowed to fire all 1 s equal infinite Slices all 0 s is not allowed and is ignored Bit 8 0 Fire on particle leading edge 1 Fire on particle trailing edge Directly Read from FPGA 0x0F Number of Stereo detected particles See Notes Below Directly Read from FPGA 0x0B old usage of this item was for the now obsolete Number of timing word mismatches 70 2D S Compression Configuration bit mapped Bits 1 0 Compression
96. l trigger for A slice corresponds to one pixel 10 microns in the time dimension of the stereo SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 79 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice particle channels This is set to 255 in Figure 5 1 9 which corresponds to 2 55 millimeters The Fire Part Edge row controls whether the imaging system is fired at the leading or trailing edge of captured particles If the user wishes to have a maximum limit on particles being imaged the trailing option must be selected If not all particles meeting the minimum pixel requirement will be imaged The next row Laser Trigger Delay is the pixel delay between stereo particle recognition and imaging laser firing This is in the time dimension as well so corresponds to one slice or 10 microns In the Min Pix Before Fire row pix refers to time dimensional slices When set at 2 and the system is in the Leading option as in Figure 5 1 9 the system triggers when the selected stereo particle channels register a 20 microns 2 pixels in the time dimension If the Trailing option is selected the system takes into account all particles that are 20 microns or larger and triggers at the trailing edge if they are under the maximum slice limit The next two rows in the Triggering Menu account for any error between the horizontal and vertical channels The Array Skew
97. laser intensity should be almost uniform across the array Compression This section is important for the of overload periods The operator may notice that one array has stopped recording images in high concentrations of particles If the array is in overload that would tell the operator the instrument is still operating properly but must pause before resuming data recording The compression configuration field should always read a value of both as set in the command packet window SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 109 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Supply Power Raw Power and Laser Drive These three sections show the voltages at the power supply and the laser power set points with a scale of 0 4095 for the latter This section proves useful when there has been a catastrophic failure in the probe This will tell the operator if the power supply or laser power board has failed Laser Baar 30 H 2048 Horizontal Vertical 45 fv 2048 Maxslice MaxSlice 0 Build H Rej Rei fo T o Build i Skew Mask Offset hex Syne Probe J Comp Mode Bi Gacy lo Stereo j Both Ch C Hor Only Click To Send Command Ver Only C Packet Figure 5 3 5 Send Command Packet This window may not appear at start up if it doesn t click on the icon on the toolbar Clicking the button at the lower le
98. lated software at any time and without notice 4 2 6 FPGA Description The field programmable gate array FPGA receives sensor array data compresses the data applies timing information and provides the framed data to the Ethernet controller Ancillary functions include triggering and providing timing information to the CPI module The FPGA formats and send two different data packet types one to the 2D S GUI and one to the CPI GUI These two packets are described below in sections A and B The last two sections C and D describe FPGA functionality that is specific to the DSP board 4 2 6 1 The FPGA Sends Sensor Image Data to the 2D S GUI The following table describes the Particle Frames sent from the FPGA in the probe to the 2D S GUI via the Netburner Ethernet controller There are two types of particle frames 2S and NL or null the maximum length for a particle frame is 1024 words Each 2S frame contains one particle but in some cases of very large particles a single particle can span multiple frames Table 4 2 7 Particle Frame Format Word Name Description 1 Flag ASCIl value used to distinguish Frame Types 2S Particle Frames NL Null Frame used during FIFO Flushing 2 NH Number of Horizontal Words this or NV will always be 0 Bit Definitions 11 00 Number of words after Slices until the end of Frame 12 1 Particle Words Exceed Maximum Frame Size Indication 13 Unused always
99. lectronics The electronics are physically divided into four printed circuit boards PCB The two photo detector PCBs convert light signals into 128 binary signals and seven analog voltages which convey the 2D S imaging and act as the particle detection system PDS for the CCD camera The third PCB is the digital signal processor DSP control board which controls the sensors inner systems Lastly the power board accepts raw power which it converts and distributes to the different PCB s and heaters si CPI Data amp Command Path Functional Block Diagram diff diff Image Frames 500fps Camera xv cpi 192 168 y Aoo 2002 Figure 4 2 1 Block Diagram of 3V CPI Data amp Command Path THorizontat 128 FIFO_E PHOTO 2 FIFO_PE DETECTOR Xilinx FPGA PCB s 16 Bits data bus 2D S image data ethane VART2 Mod5272 erialTest Port Ls coldfire 115200 baud z light 1 mf 192 168 1 133 out only shadow 0 UARTI ModTX a VERTICAL ModRX PHOTO 128 RS232 H DETECTOR 19200 baud a PCB PROBE Serial Ethernet Connection s Extrig R5422 Exsync PDS Stat 115200 baud to 3V CPI_DAS cecccccccccccnccsscceses 4 2 1 Photo detector PCB Description Each photo detector PCB consists of a single 128 element linear array of photo diodes Each diode produces a photo current that is proportional to the light incident on its active area As a parti
100. leshooting many different problems some of which are described here The following RTIA subsection headings describe the problem such as sensor head powered off and the information in that section includes lines copied from a rtialog txt file taken when that error occurred 5 2 2 1 Sensor Head Powered Off Camera Connector Disconnected Trying to start communicating with the probe while the sensor head is powered off is a common mistake Fortunately it is easy to diagnose See Figure 2 2 1 of the Connecting the 3V CPI Sensor Head to the Data Acquisition System Section 2 2 Locate the sensor power indicator and see that it is lit if not turn on the sensor power switch If the sensor power is off the rtialog txt file will have lines in it that match the following OJPCLNKCapture m_CaptureStartingEvent Set PCLNKCapture PCD_SWTRIG1_32 SENT Frame TIMEOUT PCLNKCapture PCD_SWTRIG1_32 SENT Frame TIMEOUT PCLNKCapture PCD_SWTRIG1_32 SENT Frame TIMEOUT If these repeating lines are found in the log file check the sensor head power is on as described If the power is on another cause of these lines in the log file is the data acquisition system DAS computer to sensor head camera connector being disconnected See Figures 2 2 3 and 2 2 5 for the J1 sensor camera connector locations on the DAS and sensor head in the Connecting the 3V CPI Sensor Head to the Data Acquisition System Section 2 2 5 2 2 2 No Hardware Key Connec
101. lon cover removed See Section 6 1 Pylon Cover Removal The sensor head consists of the pylon and internal sensor The internal sensor contains all of the electro optical components and electronics The pylon serves as a protective housing for the internal sensor The various components of the 3V CPI sensor head sample tube can be seen in Figure 3 1 2 The direction of airflow is from right to left in both Figure 3 1 1 amp 3 1 2 The sample volume is located in the optical block just downstream of the forward sample tube Each of the sample tube components has an associated heat zone that is controlled from the advanced control and settings window in the CPI GUI SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 29 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Central j Forward Sample Tube Sample Tube Pylon E hs Figure 3 1 2 Photograph showing the physical location of the various sample tube components Figure 3 1 3 is a cutaway view of the optical block showing the locations of the three laser beam paths through the sample volume The location of the six windows is also shown Knowledge of the window locations is important for cleaning of the windows Contamination on the horizontal and vertical output windows has the largest effect on the DC detector levels instructions for cleaning windows can be found in Section 6 3 Figure
102. m the stored background image pixel by pixel subtraction and performs a search algorithm to determine if a particle or particles is are present in the frame and cutting it them out into ROIs The parameters affecting this process are discussed in the next sections SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 80 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 5 1 4 1 Imaging and Background Two parameters define the recognition of a particle within a frame particle threshold and minimum size pixels The role of these parameters will first be discussed in explaining how a background image is taken IMAGE 1 IMAGE 2 Figure 5 1 10 Representation of two 7 x 7 CCD camera images When the DAS is ready to take a background it waits until there are fewer than Strobes Threshold image frames per second that have an associated PDS STATUS 2D S Array Status bit high See Section 1 1 The PDS STATUS bit indicates the presence of sensed particles When there are fewer than Strobes Threshold image frames per second that have an associated PDS STATUS bit high a signal called EXTRIG from the frame grabber under DAS control is pulsed once per image frame period forcing the digital logic system on the sensor head to fire the imaging laser Two frames are thus generated a depiction of which is shown in Figure 5 1 10 The two image examples a
103. me was an Exceeded Frame Particles will represent the number of the Particle contained in this Frame Size Image Data Frame then the Slices from that Frame will be added to this Frame s Slices NV NH 3 Image Data Words 3 Timing Words Representing the Time the last Slice in the Frame occurred PLUS ONE or when the FIFO became full e Second FIFO Overflow No Data Frame These frames consist of timing data which represent when the Sensor Array s data storage became NON full a b c d e These are indicated by the Flag 2S and NV NH bits 15 set to 1 NV NH bits will be 0x003 to indicate that only Timing Words follow Particles will represent the number of the Particle contained in the last Frame received from this Sensor Array First FIFO Overload PLUS ONE Slices will be 0x0000 as no data is contained 3 Timing Words Representing the Time when the FIFO became NON full SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 64 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice e Flush or NL No Data Frame These frames consist of timing data which represent when the Flush time expired and the Stored Data was signaled as complete to the Netburner Ethernet Controller These are indicated by the Flag NL NV and NH will both be set to 0x0003 to indicate that Timing Words follow Particles will be 0x0000 as no
104. mode Directly Read from FPGA 0x00 0 Stereo only 1 Both channels 2 Horizontal only 3 Vertical only Bit 2 Timing Word reset performed unused Bits 3 15 unused 7 PDS Alignment Info Word 1 unused 2D S 1 PDS Alignment Info Word 2 unused SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 48 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 73 48 Bit Timing Word bits 47 to 32 BOTH See Notes Below Pe iad Directly Read from FPGA 0x06 74 48 Bit Timing Word bits 31 to 16 ISW BOTH See Notes Below ie Directly Read from FPGA 0x05 aaa 75 48 Bit Timing Word bits 15 to 0 LSW BOTH See Notes Below pe Directly Read from FPGA 0x04 ae BOTH See Notes BOTH See Notes 2D S Commands Accepted 2D S See Notes CPI Commands Accepted CPI See Notes Number of 2D S data blocks 4098 2D S See Notes Below byte sent over the last second Directly Read from FPGA 0x0E 81 Array Skew Offset six bits 0 5 BOTH See Notes Below Skew Fuzzy Window four bits bits 8 11 Directly Read from FPGA 0x11 82 11 00 last second frame rate count CPI See Notes Below 12 Laser_trig 13 EX_SYNC 14 EX_TRIGGER 15 PDS_STAT Directly Read from FPGA 0x14 old Spare Word 1 3 83 Checksum See Notes Below Housekeeping Notes Words 3 28 Temperature Monitors For these ADC values a resistance Rt is first calculated f
105. mputer 5 Disconnect the power cable from J2 on the Data Acquisition Computer 6 Disconnect the power dsp cable from J2 on the Sensor Head 7 Disconnect mouse keyboard and monitor from the back of the Data Acquisition Computer 8 Disconnect the three AC power cables Computer Power AC1 AC2 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 27 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 2 6 Packing 3V CPI This procedure is to be followed when packing the 3V CPI system for shipment or storage 1 Place the pylon plug over the inlet and outlet of the 3V CPI pylon to keep dust out during shipping Figure 2 6 1 2 Place the 3V CPI sensor head in the shipping container Be sure the sensor head is in the same orientation as Figure 2 6 2 Close and latch the shipping case 3 The 3V CPI is now ready for shipping PYLON PLUG INSTALLED p E Figure 2 6 1 Figure 2 6 2 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 28 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 3 Physical Description 3 1 3V CPI Sensor Head Physical Description Vertical Input Mirror Horizontal Array Board l Figure 3 1 1 Photograph of 3V CPI sensor head with pylon cover removed Figure 3 1 1 is a photograph of the 3V CPI sensor head with the py
106. nnel did not sample data Word 69 Number of stereo particles detected Directly Read from FPGA partcnt_st This is the number of stereo particles detected by the PDS channels in a one second period Old usage for this item was Timing Word Mismatches Debug information for the PDS system Word 70 Bit Mapped PDS Compression Configuration Directly Read from FPGA control0 This word indicates what compression mode the PDS system is operating in Old usage for this item was Slice Count Mismatches Debug information for the PDS system Words 71 72 PDS Alignment Info These words are for future expansion It may be possible for the DSP to analyze some of the packet data to determine the best alignment between the horizontal and vertical channels This data would then be passed to the 2D S DAS Information used in post processing to analyze the overlap alignment of the PDS beams Word 73 48 Bit Timing Word Bits 47 to 32 Most Significant Word Directly Read from FPGA tw_msb SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 53 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Words 74 75 48 Bit Timing Word Bits 31 to 16 and 15 to 0 Respectively see Word 70 for bits 47 to 32 Directly Read from FPGA tw_isb tw_Isb The 3V CPI runs off a clock with frequency dependent on the current true air speed setting TAS such that Ferk TAS
107. nt to 10 um intervals at a particle a candidate for a stuck bit which the real time software should consider a particle a stuck bit and take action re send a mask as selected in the previous menu above If large particles snow ice rain lv Enable Periodic Mask Generation are being encountered this number should be increased to 250 The interval at which Save Exit masks should be taken is dependent on probe reliability The values shown here are typical when in cloud infrequently If flying in cloud a great deal of the time the mask interval 3 box should be set to around 600 seconds If an operator is comfortable watching the probe s performance throughout a flight the period mask generation can be disabled but only as a means preventing a mask from being taken in cloud The mask algorithm is further explained in section 2 2 250 Slices SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 114 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Periodic Fixed TAS Setting When running the probe unattended with a fixed true air speed TAS enabling this option will ensure that once per minute the user supplied TAS setting is sent to the probe It is best to leave this disabled Al Laser Adjustments Automated laser power adjustment saves the operator from having to optimize laser settings continuously The settings here are typical x
108. ody Longer screws may puncture and cause permanent damage 8 Install the 32 fasteners in the proper locations using the T15 torx plus driver engage all the fasteners but do not tighten completely As the various fasteners are engaged verify the pylon cover remains aligned to the pylon body Figure 6 2 5 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 124 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice After all the pylon fasteners have been engaged begin the process of completely tightening each of the fasteners The gap between the pylon cover and body will be completely closed as the cover is tightened down It will be obvious when the fasteners are completely tight because they will be much harder to turn when the O ring is fully compressed and the lid bottoms out to the body Verify all fasteners are completely tightened The ones initially tightened may require additional tightening after all fasteners are completely installed If the front fairing was removed perform the following steps for installation First connect the heater cable as seen in Figure 6 2 6 Next slowly slide the fairing onto the pylon body making sure to avoid the nose cone and not getting the cables caught Figure 6 2 7 Figure 6 2 8 shows the locations of the 8 8 32 front fairing fasteners There are four on each side The top front and
109. of the aircraft If not send a new TAS to the probe Using the set TAS box and making sure the TAS Source is set to Fixed if not using aircraft source 5 4 4 Over Masking of Array Elements Building masks while in cloud can make substantial amount of the array to be masked out Similarly if you enter cloud with the improper settings a mask may automatically be generated with the Automask function with the same results If the array becomes substantially masked while in cloud go to the Send Command Packet window and adjust the Automask s rejection percentage on each array higher and send a command packet to the probe With a higher rejection percentage the array should become unmasked You may also want to disable periodic mask generation if flying through persistent cloud cover SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 119 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 6 Procedures 6 1 Pylon Cover and Front Fairing Removal The 3V CPI sensor head pylon cover must be removed to gain access to the internal sensor head This step is necessary if the internal sensor head is to be completely removed from the pylon or to perform electronics troubleshooting of the internal sensor head while in the pylon Removal of the front fairing is necessary if Pylon Heater 1 or the nose cone need to be accessed The front fairing may be removed with the pylon
110. of whether the Periodic Mask Generation box is selected or not If one array is too noisy and you want to stop recording on it go to the Send Command Packet Window In the Comp Mode Section chose the array you want to keep recording on and send a new command packet to the probe Small amounts of noise are tolerable If flying through clear air and you see the particle count at 10 per second it may be okay to leave as is In post processing these noisy bits can be removed 5 4 2 No or Loss of Response from the Probe If during data collection the 2D S program freezes or the 2D S stops communicating follow these instructions 1 Stop recording and exit the real time program 2 Cycle power to the probe and see if the LAN connection gets re established 3 Start real time software and hit record 4 Sometimes it may be necessary to restart Windows with the probe power off to get networking to function properly again If communications with the probe continues to fail verify in the Tools gt Set Probe IP Address that the probe address is set to 192 168 1 133 In a DOS cmd window type the command ping 192 168 1 133 If the ping fails there may be a problem with probe power or cabling Check all connections The connections may have become loose during taxing or takeoff Be sure network firewalls are disabled 5 4 3 Distorted Images If particles looked squashed or stretched check the TAS to see if it is close to the actual TAS
111. og Devices ADSP2191 Digital Signal Processor and a Netburner Internet communications module The DSP board assembles all of the real time 2D S image data compresses it and send it to the DAS The board also uses the 2D S image data to determine when to capture a CPI image The board monitors system temperature pressure and voltage and controls 16 heat zones this information is transmitted to the DAS as a housekeeping packet This DSP communicates with the data acquisition system through packets sent over both Ethernet and and RS 422 There are four packet types sent by the probe to the DAS and four packet types received by the probe These packets their source destination and transmission method are listed in Table The transmitted packets are the housekeeping packet which is transmitted once per second Table 4 2 2 the mask packet which is transmitted every time a mask is taken Particle data packet which contains the compressed 2D S particle image data and the PDS packet that is transmitted when a particle is detected Table 4 2 1 Packet types in the 3V CPI system Packet Type Source Destination medium Housekeeping Probe 2D S amp CPI GUI Ethernet Mask Probe 2D S amp CPI GUI Ethernet Array Image Data Probe 2D S GUI Ethernet PDS Timing Packet Probe CPI GUI RS 422 Set Mask 2D S GUI Probe Ethernet Set True Air Speed TAS 2D S GUI Probe Ethernet 2D S Command 2D S GUI Probe Ethernet CPI Command CPI GUI Probe Ethernet The
112. oltage comes from a comparator on the laser board If the Voltage is greater than 2 5 V the laser should be identified as on otherwise identify the laser as off Viaser_on ADC 65536 5 Viaser_on ADC 7 6294 x 10 5 Word 35 8 2V Monitor This monitor is the 8 2V supply 2 Veav 2 ADC 65536 5 Vs 2v 1 52588 x 104 ADC Word 36 7V Monitor This monitor depends on Ve 2v in Word 35 so Vg 2 must first be calculated and used as follows V 7v 2 Vs 2v ADC 65535 x 5 x 3 V 7v 2 Vs 2v ADC 2 2889 x 104 Words 37 43 45 51 Diode Element Voltages These voltages are monitored using a 12 bit ADC with 5V input range The Voltage is therefore Veiode 5 2048 ADC 0 0024414 ADC Words 44 52 Imaging Laser Current and Pulse Width Voltage measured These voltages range from 0 to 60 Volts and are measured with a 12 bit ADC with 5V input range Vme sr 10 110 5 2048 ADC Vimc_tsr 0 0268555 ADC Words 53 54 Imaging Laser Current and Pulse Width Voltages set points These are the settings sent by the computer to the 3V CPI instrument A 2 5 V maximum DAC drives a circuit with a gain of 12 so that the range of Voltages is 0 to 60 Volts Vimc_tsr DAC 60 4096 DAC 0 014648 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 51 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Words 55 56 Probe Mod
113. on Diagram SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 12 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice KEYBOARD SENSOR SEY N AC1 amp AC2 VIDEO OUT DSP SENSOR COMPUTER POWER Ethernet RS 232 FRAME POWER GRABBER CONNECT J2 SENSOR POWER DSP BEFORE CONNECTING J1 SENSOR CAMERA f SS N a ee Figure 2 2 4 Connecting the power to the Data Acquisition System SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 13 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 5 Connect DSP Ethernet and RS 232 Cords Figure 2 2 5 Connecting the DSP to the Data Acquisition System ERA 7a S Figure 2 2 6 Connecting the Fiber Converters to the Data Acquisition System SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 14 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Assemble Power Supply For Fiber Converters Figure 2 2 7 Assembling power supply for Fiber Converters Attach Power Supply to Converters Figure 2 2 8 Connecting the power supply to the Fiber Converters SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 15 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any t
114. ords the number of masks that have been taken by the probe A mask prevents the probe from recording data on array elements that have become hypersensitive and are triggering erratically and not on passing particles HK The Housekeeping packet counter notes the number of housekeeping packets that have been received from the probe When the probe is on and communicating with the data computer both the Housekeeping packets and Bytes Received counters will increase When the counters halt there probably has been a loss of communication with the probe In the white box to the right of the particle displays is where critical messages on probe performance are reported when the box is checked To the far right is a window with the headers of H Time and V Time This window displays the timestamp of particles as they are recorded The other features of the Main Window are for post processing and are discussed in Section 8 0 Send New True Air Speed Figure 5 3 2 Set True Airspeed This red box sets your airspeed manually The airspeed is typed into this box and sent to the probe The approximate airspeed is necessary to prevent imaging distortions when recording data The value in this box must be in meters per second SPEC typically does not manually input the airspeed On most research aircraft airspeed is available to investigators via a serial string from a COM port or through a second Ethernet card Under Tools TAS Source there is an option to conf
115. os Hest T aia RSS SS 5_45 Lace Pow Set 4025 180 421 miw nims PESTS e s TMLee Pow Se a05 f e tans Tine 7 Re Eese e n OAA eri Vokes R eee as fra TV kage 3910 V Value Below Low Alarm Limit Sereg Laces Trig Timer Theesh Deagneatic Moda Expats Value Above Upper Alarm Limit Figure 5 1 20 Section of HouseKeeping window showing out of range parameters Provided the alarm limits have been set to reasonable values these out of range parameters indicate a problem The pylon cover patch heater may not be selected on for instance in the advanced control and settings window If the user enables this heater the pylon cover patch temperature should increase and the blue alarm should go away If the heater is already enabled perhaps the AC2 circuit breaker is off and there is no AC heater power present there would be many blue temperatures in this case For the over range parameter in Figure 5 1 20 the Imaging Lens Temp the heater may be experiencing normal thermal overshoot In this case the upper alarm limit should be increased because this is a false alarm The set point may be 25 C and the actual temperature overshoots to 27 C as the heater pulses on for one second A problematic over temperature condition could occur for example if a temperature sensor became unattached from its particular heat zone Another example of an incorrect alarm range could be the pylon temperature alarm l
116. ower adjustments to take effect before retesting to see if a power adjustment had enough of an effect to get to the Desired Maximum Voltage or its range TSET The last two fields are used to mask off the entire array if laser voltages become too low The Low Power Mask Voff voltage is used as follows if the average of the seven horizontal or vertical channel element voltages is below this number the entire horizontal or vertical channel is masked off by the data system This only happens if this feature is enabled It is useful because it will mask out channels when their low average voltage is likely to be accompanied by noise The Low Power Mask Von voltage is the average voltage at which the horizontal or vertical channel will come back on after being masked off When the data system sees this voltage average on the channel it sends out a mask command so that the entire array is no longer masked Startup Delay This option should be left unchecked Playback TAS Limits TAS limits The limits to the TAS in this menu apply to the playback post processing They are for vinnu TAS 1 lisse thian Gr octal E error checking the stored housekeeping l l values The values shown 1 to 250 Maximum TAS 250 Greater than or equaltothis value provide the desired error identification Save i Figure 5 3 11 True Airspeed Limits SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 116 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make im
117. packets and should send housekeeping packets SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 66 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Table 4 2 10 Ethernet connected command packet sent only from Netburner to DSP Byte Connected HK CMD Packet 1 Flag ASCII C 0x43 2 Packet Length in bytes 4 0x04 3 Command 1 hex 0x11 4 Checksum Byte 0x58 The packet in Table 4 2 11 indicates that both the 2D S GUI and CPI GUI housekeeping and command port port 2001 and 2002 have disconnected The DSP should stop sending housekeeping packets Table 4 2 11 Ethernet disconnected command packet sent only from Netburner to DSP Byte Disconnected HK CMD Packet 1 Flag ASCII C 0x43 2 Packet Length in bytes 4 0x04 3 Command 12hex 0x12 4 Checksum Byte 0x59 The packet in Table 4 2 12 indicates that the 2D S GUI data port port 2000 used only for particle data packets has connected The DSP can now release the FPGA data path from reset Note on startup the DSP should put the FPGA data path into reset and hold it there until this packet is received Table 4 2 12 2D S data port connected command packet sent only from Netburner to DSP Byte Connected Data Packet 1 Flag ASCII C 0x43 2 Packet Length in bytes 4 0x04
118. particle packet frame SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 56 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Table 4 2 5 2D S Command packet sent from 2D S only Byte Command Packet Description 1 Flag ASCII C decimal 67 0x43 Packet Length in bytes 36 0x24 Command 3 0x03 Bit 0 Build Horizontal Mask Directly Wrote to FPGA mask_control bit 0 Bit 1 Build Vertical Mask Directly Wrote to FPGA mask_ control bit 1 Bit 2 3 2D S Compression Mode 0 Stereo only 1 Both channels 2 Horizontal only 3 Vertical only Directly Wrote to FPGA control0 bits 14 15 Bit 4 Spare Bit 5 Spare Bit 6 Sync Probe Resets interarrival counter not currently used Bit 7 Spare 5 6 Horizontal Laser power 0 to 4095 7 8 Vertical Laser power 0 to 4095 9 10 Horizontal AM_MAXSLICE default 100 Directly Wrote to FPGA maxslice_hz 11 12 Horizontal AM_REJECT_PERCENTAGE 100 default 2 Directly Wrote to FPGA reject_hz 13 14 Horizontal AM_MINSLICE_TO_RUN default 1 Directly Wrote to FPGA minslice_hz 15 16 Vertical AM_MAXSLICE default 100 Directly Wrote to FPGA maxslice_vt 17 18 Vertical AM_REJECT_PERCENTAGE 100 default 2 Directly Wrote to FPGA reject_vt 19 20 Vertical AM_MINSLICE_TO_RUN default 1 Directly Wrote to FPGA minslice_vt 21 22 Array Skew Offset
119. provements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Tool Bar lo oA RS BB G ee Ri 20sm From left to right Red Circle White X icon Stops recording of Data Black Arrow icon Monitors 2D S but records no data file Red Arrow icon Records Data File Folder icon Opens Recorded Data File House icon Opens Closes Housekeeping window Mask icon Opens Closes Set Mask Window Displays the current mask on each array Do not send mask via this window Use Send Command Packet Envelope icon Opens Closes Send Command Packet window 50 icon Opens Set True Airspeed window RAW HK Opens Closes Raw 3V CPI Housekeeping window 2D 128 Mode 2D S Mode Button Switches between single channel mode and standard dual channel modes The 2D 128 probe version has only a vertical channel with the horizontal channel optoelectronics and mechanical arms not installed Therefore in this mode the user interface changes so that only parameters associated with the vertical channel are displayed Users of the 3V CPI probe must run in 2D S mode Failure to do so will cause the real time program to only collect image data from the vertical channel 5 4 Real Time Operation Troubleshooting for 2D S GUI 5 4 1 Stuck Bits The biggest concern the operator should have during operation is watching for errant noisy pixels or stuck bit A stuck bit is defined as a single bit or pixel that stays shaded for a prede
120. pylon in the laboratory with the input windows on top and the output windows on the bottom The PDS 90 input window is on the right and the output window is on the left in these figures If the probe is hanging upside down on an aircraft all the positions will be flipped 180 degrees Use Figure 6 3 6 Figure 6 3 8 and Figure 6 3 9 as a reference to locate the windows in any situation SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 128 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Vertical particles detected i TAS a Horiz particles detected oo TASIFIXED Can intemal pressure 11 52 Timing Words Vertical masked bits 0 H 599860364 Horizontal masked bits 128 k 599860364 Temperatures Supply Voltage Hor Transmit Aim Temp 60 y 5 0 Hor Receive Arm Temp 6 0 AY 4 99 Wert Transmit Arm Temp 327 Raw power Vert Receive Aim Temp Biles e TAREE 7 6 95 Rear Optics Bridge Temp 29 7 EF 706 D Laser Drive At 33 0 Fo Full Power 208 Laser Drive Hor Laser Temp 48 0 Vert Laser Temp 31 5 Horizontal Voltages 28 1 Below Accepted Levelsip 354 Element Voltages Compression Hosizental Vertical Blocks 306 2 6245 Horiz automask iterations D 3 4619 Vertical automask iterations 0 3 1323 Hovetloadpetiods 0 2 5269 HY overload periods iy 2 2687 Compresson configuration Y Dny 2 0801 Spare 2 4096 2 4656
121. ram is running with recording so data is being written to file The file name of the current file is also displayed here along with the DAS time The data file shown is E 021418054 roi On the right side of this line are the standard window controls Hide Minimize Maximize and Close The next line contains the menu items File View Settings Commands Window and Help SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 69 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Data File E 021418054 r01 File View Settings Commands Window Help STOP Record TAKE Freeze PROBE T Video M Daa BKGROUND F DetceON Display SETTINGS oo iz d Start SPEC SVCPI 2D S Oat Wy untied Paint gt Data Fie E 021416 Figure 5 1 1 Screen shot of CPI GUI SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 70 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Next come the control buttons check boxes radio buttons and enunciator window items on a quick access line From here the user may easily perform operations such as turn on and off the heaters De ice ON check box or take a background Users will find all of these commands in various sub menus as well but their location here provides easy access to these commonly accessed selections The enunciator window
122. re only 7 x 7 pixels but the actual CCD camera sends over 1024 x 1024 pixel images though the camera is capable of 1280 x 1024 To check for a valid background image the camera will use IMAGE 1 as the background if the process qualifies it the DAS performs a bit by bit subtraction of the two images The result is shown in Figure 5 1 11 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 81 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice SUBTRACTION RESULT Figure 5 1 11 Result of background subtraction applied to images of Figure 5 1 10 The DAS now checks each pixel value in the subtracted image to see if it is greater than the current Particle Threshold value divided by three backgrounds are more strictly tested than when testing for particles described later Thus if the particle threshold were set to 15 by the user the corner pixels with value of 5 would meet or exceed the 15 3 5 threshold used for backgrounds In that case the DAS would check to see if there are equal to or greater than the Minimum Pixel Size number of pixels collocated that meet or exceed the pixel threshold just described If the minimum pixel size were set to three then the above attempt at a background would fail In that case the DAS would generate two more EXTRIG signals and perform the background test algorithm just described on two new images Howe
123. rom Rt 6 5536E9 1 ADC 65536 5 ADC Rt nominal 10 000 Ohms at 25 deg C This value of Rt is then used in the following equation to solve for the temperature in Celsius T 273 15 1 1117024e 3 237 02702e 6 In Rt 75 78814e 9 In Rt 3 1 Word 29 A relative humidity curve is given SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 49 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice TYPICAL BEST FIT STRAIGHT LINE V mxt b 3 125 0 85 75 0 RH 0 85 V 0 03033 RH 0 85 x ks jz amp E gt Since we are using a 16 bit ADC with an input range of 5 Volts ADC 65536 x 5 0 03033 RH 0 85 RH 0 002515185 ADC 28 02198 Image 4 2 2 Relative humidity curve Word 30 Pressure is 0 to 30 PSI for a 4V range with 0 5V offset at 0 PSI 30 4 V 0 5 P P 30 4 ADC 65536 5 0 5 P 5 7220459 x 104 3 75 PSI Words 31 32 TEC Current for the PDS lasers is solved from I 07 49 4 2 4 1 ADC 65536 5 5 0498 x 10 5 ADC Amps Words 33 34 PDS Laser On Off SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 50 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice If the laser is off this voltage is close to 0 V If the laser is on this voltage is close to 5 V The v
124. s reducing the current The photo current is converted to a voltage with a two stage trans impedance amplifier This voltage the element voltage is compared with a low pass filtered baseline restored version of itself to create a binary value from each diode The binary value will be TRUE when the shadow exceeds fifty percent of the average element voltage These binary values form the digital IMAGE vector that is sent to the control module SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 3 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 1024 x 1024 Pixels Cropped CPI Image Figure 1 1 3 3 D portrayal of optics and exposed image of the CCD camera when a particle is present When a particle passes through the intersection of both laser beams both detectors output voltage pulses at the same time If the pulses last longer than a minimum duration then the Particle In Beam OK PIB_OK signal goes high and a logical state machine located in the sensor head starts stepping through its 8 step cycle This state machine orchestrates the imaging of the particle the sending of data associated with that particle to the Data Acquisition Computer and the resetting of the electronics in preparation for the next particle The states of this state machine are as follows e State 0 Idle and wait for a particle If a particle is present in both beams for
125. s and precision machined surfaces are used to achieve this seal Improper disassembly assembly of the pylon or mishandling of the components can result in damage that will compromise the pressure integrity of the pylon This may result in malfunctioning of the instrument during flight Disassembly Assembly of the pylon should only be performed by personnel who have read and become familiar with this procedure 1 Verify 3V CPI sensor head power is turned off 2 Figure 6 2 1 shows the important areas of the pylon cover that must be aligned during installation of the pylon cover 3 Figure 6 2 2 shows the important areas of the pylon body that must be aligned during installation of the pylon cover 4 Hold the pylon cover and gradually lower onto the pylon body so the tongue and groove and pylon connector are aligned as shown in Figure 6 2 3 The o ring must be fit inside the groove throughout or a proper seal isn t achievable 5 Gently lower the pylon cover into the position shown If the pylon cover is not properly aligned it will not be flush with the pylon body 6 Using a 3 16 allen wrench install the center pylon fastener but do not tighten it down completely Figure 6 2 4 It may be necessary to push the pylon cover down by hand slightly to maintain alignment of the tongue and groove while the center fastener is being tightened 7 32 black oxide 8 32 X 1 2 Torx plus fasteners are used to fasten the pylon cover to the pylon b
126. s corresponds to the number of available ROI display boxes in the Image Display section of Figure 5 1 1 Each box will display a single ROI when particles are successfully imaged When changing the number of columns and rows the size of the ROI display boxes is changed in the DX and DY fields corresponding to the size of an image in microns that will fit in the ROI box Not all DX and DY values will work for a given set of column and row numbers so experimentation is required Figure 5 1 15 Disp Hist tab of the Settings window SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 89 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice A close up of eight ROI display boxes is shown in Figure 5 1 16 Beneath each ROI box is the x and y location on the CCD in pixels of the ROI the total size of the ROI in the box in microns including the pad not the total size displayed which is DX and DY above and the time the ROI was captured If more than one ROI is captured in a single frame ROI display boxes will be plotted one after the other with the x and y location total size of the ROI and the time displayed in the same color descriptions to give the user a visual cue that this has occurred The color of each sequential frame alternates In the example of Figure 5 1 16 some displayed ROIs are portions of a background as identified by the repor
127. s to remove any particulates that may be present on the windows Do not tip the canned air as liquid will come out and contaminate the windows 4 Take a cotton swab break it in half and insert one half into the hole at each end of the cleaning tool Break off the back of the swab so it is nearly flush with the Delrin rod to allow for maximum clearance Figure 6 3 3 Figure 6 3 4 Figure 6 3 5 5 Figure 6 3 6 is a drawing showing the relative location of each of the windows in the optical block SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 127 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 6 Read through each of the following steps before proceeding further 7 One complete swab will be used for each window Using the eyedropper from the methyl alcohol dispense one drop onto one of the half cotton swabs Figure 6 3 7 The wetted swab will first be used in a back and forth motion across the window to remove the contamination The dry half of the swab will be used to remove the residual alcohol 8 Verify each window has been sprayed with canned air to remove particulates Scrubbing a particulate across the AR coated window will damage the coating 9 As shown in Figure 6 3 8 insert the cleaning tool with the wetted end of the swab first clean and dry only the window you are targeting Observe the result of the cleaning in the real time so
128. shown in Figure 5 2 3 In Figure 5 2 3 the minimum and maximum image mean are set to 60 and 160 respectively A wider range is useful for troubleshooting such as 2 to 255 however once the retrieved image mean has been adjusted to desired levels the user should set the limits to 60 and 160 for the Min Img Mean and Max Img Mean fields respectively Once changed as with all fields in the Imaging and Background tab the user must click the Apply button which may also say Apply and Acquire else the DAS won t use the new values To adjust the image mean in real time the user can check the Live Video On check box in the main screen It is best to run live video with recording disabled as about 72 full images of approximately 1 Megabyte size each will be saved to hard disk every second if recording is active Once live video is turned on the image display area will show the entire CCD camera image though for most CRT and LCD computer monitors only a fraction of the total image may be seen move the scroll bars for the image display area to view different portions of the CCD image The image mean will be updated in real time in the Img Mean field of the Imaging and Background tab in the Settings window see Live Video mode Section 5 1 4 4 While running live video adjustment of the imaging laser current remember to click the Apply button will change the image brightness displayed and reported The
129. son making the cable connections should be grounded to the 3V CPI pylon by using a ground strap or by touching a screw on the outside of the 3V CPI pylon Connect the power dsp cable that runs from J2 on the Data Acquisition System to J2 on the Sensor Head See Figure 2 2 13 Connecting the power dsp cable to the Sensor Head Connect the sensor camera cable that runs from J1 on the Data Acquisition System to J1 on the Sensor Head See Figure 2 2 14 Connecting the sensor camera cable to the Sensor Head Remove the temporary ground wire that was installed in step 5 10 The 3V CPI is now ready to be powered up SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 10 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice COMPUTER POWER SWITCH SENSOR INDICATOR SENSOR AGa AC1 CIRCUIT REAKER CIRCUIT iii BREAKER Figure 2 2 1 Front of the Data Acquisition System SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 11 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice CPI Cable Connection Diagram Sensor Head Front Rear sensor camera Data Acquisition System J1 I Computer Power I ACI Momtor q AC2 J1 sensor camera J2 power DSP Citouse X Hardware Key Parallel Port Keyboard 28 VOC Probe Power Figure 2 2 2 3V CPI Cable Connecti
130. ss through the sample volume during the interval and Average Dead Time is the time in seconds summed over the interval that the sensor head was busy processing a current particle and thus unable to image subsequent particles 5 1 2 Settings Menu The settings menu is shown in Figure 5 1 7 below The Probe and Display selection brings up the window labeled Settings in Figure 5 1 1 The Settings window provides easy access to many parameters that are also found but with more searching required in the housekeeping and advanced control and settings windows discussed elsewhere ater UU Settings Single Board Computer Settings HEME SEURGWe Relay Figure 5 1 7 The Settings Menu SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 77 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 5 1 3 2D S Control and Monitoring 5 1 3 1 2D S Laser Power and DC Level The 2D S monitors are contained within the 2D S Arrays Lasers tab of the Sections menu Here the laser drive and elemental voltages for both the horizontal and vertical channels can be seen Each channel receives voltages from 128 elements located in series on the array board This menu shows seven elements spread out evenly If the array board is properly illuminated the voltages will peak in the middle elements and be in the range of 1 4V to 3 7V If the laser
131. t Figure 2 2 2 shows the 3V CPI Cable Connection Diagram and Figure 2 2 3 shows the back of the Data Acquisition System including the function of each outlet 3 Connect the power cable to J2 on the Data Acquisition System See Figure 2 2 2 3V CPI Cable Connection Diagram and Figure 2 2 4 Connecting the power to the Data Acquisition System 4 Connect the DSP ethernet and RS 232 cords to the Data Acquisition System See Figure 2 2 5 Connecting the DSP to the Data Acquisition System 5 Connect the power DSP cable to J2 on the Pylon See Figure 2 2 13 Connecting the power dsp cable to the Pylon 6 Connect the Framegrabber Fiber Optics Converters to J1 on the Data Acquisition System See Figure 2 2 6 Connecting the Fiber Converters to the Data Acquisition System 7 Assemble the power supply for the Fiber Converts See Figure 2 2 7 Assembling power supply for Fiber Converters 8 Connect the power supply to the Fiber Converters See Figure 2 2 8 Connecting the power supply to the Fiber Converters 9 Remove the Rubber Caps from the Fiber Cables and the Converters See Figure 2 2 9 Removing caps from Fiber and Converters Replace caps when Cables and Converters are disconnected 1 Connect the framegrabber cables from the Converters connected to J1 on the Data Acquisition System to J1 on the Sensor Head See Figure 2 2 10 Connecting Fiber Cables to Converters and Figure 2 2 14 Connecting the sensor camera cable to the Sensor
132. ted Bkg information otherwise the frame number is displayed Skips in the frame number are a result of no ROIs found in the frames skipped CCD X Y BACKGROUND FRAME LOCATION IN RO ARRIVAL TIME FRAME NUMBER PIXELS ROI SIZE IN MICRONS TST THT T20 39 35 T t 191 632 95235 4 Bkg 0 0 232812328 Big 0 0 232612328 TTO 613 586 39x33 TTE 149 520 44x44 TT2 169 628 30 30 Tise 14 53 21 7010 Tine amp OT R4 578 Tise 297 24 4558 Ties amp 9 34 HO8 Figure 5 1 16 Close up of ROI display boxes The second set of controls in Figure 5 1 15 are for the Particle Size Histogram display The histogram plots the number of particles in a given size bin against a number of size bins chosen by the user as seen in Figure 5 1 17 If the Plot it box is checked the histogram will activate the first time a ROI is found The particle size range and the number of bins are entered in the Settings Disp Hist window in the Min and Max size bin text boxes and in the Bins selection box SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 90 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice fen Parlia b Hid onions Particle Histogram L Particle Total 168 Particle Total 78 6 101 4 101 2101 10 E 8100 86o 4 10 2 10 Oo a N WHO Has Ooo n n
133. ted The 3V CPI software requires that a hardware key be connected to the parallel port of the computer If there is nothing plugged into the parallel port the rtialog txt file will produce the following CTracer FinalConstruct Enabled 1 Level 9 ThrowError CUserConfigCamera FinalConstruct No cameras are specified in the registry CMemoryOperator FinalConstruct CMemoryOperator FinalConstruct m_bDontLockLargeMem 0 ThrowError CBlobOperator FinalConstruct Operator is NOT licensed SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 100 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice The final line indicates Operator is NOT licensed meaning the software could not find the hardware key See Figure 2 2 3 of the Connecting the 3V CPI Sensor Head to the Data Acquisition System Section 2 2 Locate and plug in the hardware key 5 2 2 3 Imaging Laser Power Too Low or Too High The probe won t acquire a background if the image mean is too low or too high A possibility is that the imaging laser power has been turned down or up in the controls such that the incident light energy is not within operating range on the CCD camera If this is the case the rtialog txt file will have text like the following in it CSerialComm ReadDataPacket a PDS packet received Cnt 2764 PCLNKCapture 0 Frm 2831 1 0 2 2 0 0 2 XFer 0 0086
134. ter and send the TAS to the probe The 2D S can also ingest a serial data stream in several different formats that allows the real time program to adjust the TAS from the incoming serial data values For more information see Appendix B Automatic True Airspeed Update Specify Probe and PC IP Adresses allows the IP address of the probe to be entered The default value is 192 168 1 133 The data system computer should use a fixed IP address in the same range such as 192 168 1 100 Record Speed has two options with the standard option will display particles and housekeeping data and the maximum recording will display no updates It should only be enabled when the instrument is flying in a completely Al environment where there is no operator on board SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 113 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Housekeeping Display Processed Data applies the gains and offsets and displays them This should be checked not shown Record Speed has two options with the standard option will display particles and housekeeping data and the maximum recording will display no updates It should only be enabled when the instrument is flying in a completely Al environment where there is no operator on board Mask Bit Replacement provides a means during playback post processing to fill in horizontal and vertical elements th
135. the probe faster but slight image degradation will occur SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 108 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 5 x Temperatures pressures and voltages from the probe lasers and power supply are displayed in Misc Vertical particles detected 7285 0 TAS 25 i i Horiz patticles detected 00 TASFxeD this window The information comes to the Can intemal pressure 11 52 Timing Words program from the housekeeping packets The Vertical maskedbits O HI 593860384 information is sent in a raw format and gains and Horizontal masked bits 128 v 599860364 eT offsets correct the data before being displayed If _ eii ae aie eri the information does not appear correct make sure Hor ReceiveAmmTemp 6 0 5v 433 the top of the window says Housekeeping Display Vert Transmit Arm Temp 32 Raw power Processed Data If it does not go to Tools and ee ee V 685 click Housekeeping Display Processed Data Next Rear Optics Bridge Temp t 706 to Tools Anal Setti d click the Set DSP Board Temp go to Tools Analog Settings and click the Se Forward Vessel Temp _ 30 Laser Drive Default Values box which will reset the gains and Hor Laser Temp H 100 Offsets to the correct value Vert Laser Temp y 2750 Front Plate Temp oe Er lean Misc This section tells the
136. the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice The alarm limits are given in engineering units degrees Centigrade in this case and tell the DAS that if the derived temperature is less than 10 or greater than 35 degrees Centigrade for the Forward Sample Tube flash a blue if less than lower limit or red if greater than upper limit alarm in the housekeeping window A yellow invalid temperature light will also appear in the enunciator panel see red enunciator windows near the top of Figure 5 1 1 Returning to lines 26 and 27 of the cp INI file note that items 2 and 3 are limits given in ADC values For the given values of 0 and 957 the Forward Sample Tube temperature set point has the range Upper 957 x 0 029356 1 8775 29 97 C Lower 0 x 0 029356 1 8775 1 8775 C The effect of these settings is such that from within the CPl exe program users may change the Forward Sample Tube set point to be any value from 1 8775 to 29 97 degrees centigrade If the probe reports back any temperature below 10 degrees C or above 35 degrees C the DAS should display warning enunciator indicators to the user Other parameters may be changed that have different units such as Volts or milliWatts but the procedure is the same To determine the units find the parameter in the housekeeping window For example the PDS45 Laser Power is reported with units of mW milliWatts The settin
137. then your 3V CPI has been started correctly and is running See the Software Description and Real Time Operation Section 5 for further instructions on fine tuning and running your 3V CPI If you DO NOT see a screen like Figure 2 4 5 then the software or probe has a problem Review the 3V CPI cable connection procedure and 3V CPI startup procedure to make sure that they were done correctly If these procedures were followed correctly then please see the Real Time Operation and Troubleshooting Section 5 2 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 24 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Data File E 021418043 r0i Ty ar 77 STATISTICS ACKGROUND lt 4 lll RO Locations Hk SPEC 3VCPI 2D S Dat 3 untitled Paint Data File E 021418 Figure 2 4 5 Startup screen of CPI GUI 9 To initialize the connection between 2D S GUI and the probe click the red arrow in the top left corner of its Display Window Figure 2 4 6 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 25 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice SPEC 3 CPI 2D S Data Collection and Processing Program Version 1 0 73 Fie Tools Window Help
138. thout notice SUBTRACTION RESULT Figure 5 1 14 Result of background subtraction on images of Figure 5 1 13 The DAS looks through the background subtracted image and compares the values such as those shown in Figure 5 1 14 with the particle threshold parameter With the particle threshold at 40 only four pixels in the image are considered as shadowed due to a particle If the particle threshold were lowered to 38 the DAS would recognize eight shadowed pixels The number of collocated pixels is then compared to the minimum pixel size parameter The value of four for this parameter means that this particle is accepted as an ROI and stored if recording is enabled to the current data file Other parameters under user control affect how a recognized ROI is stored The ROI X Pad and ROI Y Pad fields both set to 6 in Figure 5 1 12 tell the DAS to include six pixels to the left and right and six pixels above and below a rectangle that encompasses all recognized shadow pixels as described in the previous paragraph when saving the ROI image to file 5 1 4 3 Image and Background Mean Settings Because the CCD camera s active area is unlit except by the flash of the imaging laser it is the total incident light energy of this pulse that must be adjusted to change the image brightness and mean This is important because if an image is too bright or too dark it may not respond linearly to the occultation of the laser by passing par
139. ticles and sensed particles may not be correctly imaged How many Joules of light energy reach the camera are set by changing two imaging laser parameters Laser Current Setpoint and Pulse Width Setpoint as accessed via the Imaging and Background tab of the Settings window shown in Figure 5 1 15 SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 84 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Generally the DAS is set to run the imaging laser current at a safe maximum when the 3V CPI is manufactured and users should need change only the laser pulse width The laser power is approximately constant but for a duration controlled by the Pulse Width Set Point parameter The parameter is given in Voltage units but the maximum Voltage corresponds to approximately 40 nS this varies slightly from instrument to instrument Setting a lower applied Voltage decreases the time the laser is on when it pulses thus lowering the amount of light energy to the CCD camera and lowering the image mean Figure 5 1 15 Imaging and Background tab of the Settings window SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 85 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice 5 1 4 4 LIVE VIDEO MODE To adjust the image mean in real time the user can
140. ugh some probes can be operated at even lower values while running in a laboratory such as the 40 value shown in Figure 5 2 3 The higher the threshold is set the fewer small particles are seen 600 is a nominal upper limit however like the lower limit this is not a hard and fast number If the probe is not collecting particles and the 2D S laser power levels are acceptable adjust the threshold to a safe value 350 and click the Apply button At this setting particles of the smallest size may not be seen but if in the presence of an ensemble of cloud particles that includes some medium 50 to 100 um to larger particles this setting should be safely above the noise and allow the PDS system to detect particles However if particles are still not collected lower values should be attempted 5 2 5 Enunciator Warnings When operating with no limits exceeded such as heat zone measured temperatures laser powers etc the DAS enunciator panel see the upper part of the window shown in Figure 5 1 1 in the Software Description Section 5 1 should have one green background alert stating Background Valid Any other alert given in red yellow or blue indicates a parameter is out of the assigned operating range Users assign these limits in the 3V CPI INI file described in Section 5 1 7 The enunciator panel is further described there as well If any alerts other than Background Valid or short alerts titled Getting Background
141. ver if either the particle threshold were raised to 16 or greater or the minimum pixel size were raised to 4 or greater the above two images would be considered a valid background Two realistic values for these parameters are 36 for the particle threshold and 4 for the minimum pixel size Using these values IMAGE 1 would possibly be accepted as a valid background Once it is determined there are no particles in the potential background image the average of the pixel values is taken For IMAGE 1 the value would be 118 8 This value is then compared with an acceptable range entered by the user Min Img Mean and Max Img Mean Figure 5 1 15 shows these parameters entered in the Imaging and Background tab Background images are taken almost immediately after the probe is started No particle images are processed until a valid background is acquired apparent to the user via a green enunciator declaring Background Valid The probe also takes backgrounds at regular intervals the period of which is set by the user If the DAS fails to get a valid background in a reasonable amount of time the enunciator panel displays a red warning of Background Failed If the DAS has just started communicating with the SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 82 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice sensor head too many repeated
142. w Particle Display Cirip Old Stats Window v Command Bar v Annunciator v Status Bar ana FAA 44K FAS as AAs PPP 2f AR 84K aas Figure 5 1 2 The View drop down menu used for selecting the Housekeeping window Figure 5 1 2 shows a screen shot of the View menu The Housekeeping and Stats Window selection items will be discussed in the following sections The SPP100 Data Single Board Computer and SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 71 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice Serial Data selections are for customized use and not described in this manual The other 5 items display or remove windows that will not be described but which the user may wish to experiment with by selecting and deselecting from this menu 5 1 1 1 Housekeeping Window Selecting the first item in the View menu opens the housekeeping window shown in Figure 5 1 3 Here the user may observe all the measured parameters of the operating probe in one window The housekeeping data is used to evaluate the status or health of the probe by monitoring such engineering parameters as internal temperatures power supply voltages pylon internal pressure etc Real time values for laser powers and actively controlled temperature zones are also contained in the housekeeping data The first tab in Housekeeping window la
143. will appear Probe set point out of range The only numbers the user may need to change from within a text editor are items 2 and 3 Item 1 is automatically changed from within the CPl exe program so should not be manipulated here The value of these three items is given in analog to digital conversion ADC raw numbers they are not actual engineering units Understanding how to interpret and set these numbers requires looking further into the file The next section of the file with heading Gains Offsets for Readings contains on lines 116 and 117 Gain offset1 is the Forward Sample Tube Temperature AD590 on J2 1 and J2 19 Gain Offset 0 029356 1 877500 10 000000 35 000000 Gain Upper Alarm P Offset Lower Alarm vepre i Lirnit Again note that the semicolon indicates that the information on line 116 is for the users information only the DAS does not do anything with it The next line contains values described from left to right Gain Offset Lower Alarm Limit Upper Alarm Limit Poh The gain and offset are applied to measured Analog to Digital Converter ADC values For example if the ADC is read for the Forward Sample Tube and is determined to be 800 the temperature in degrees Centigrade would be found Forward Sample Tube Temp ADC x Gain Offset Forward Sample Tube Temp 800 x 0 029356 1 8775 Forward Sample Tube Temp 25 36 C SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 94 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves
144. y Window four bits bits 8 11 The number of 2D S pixels or slices that the HZ and VT particles can be apart in time and still considered for triggering The only valid numbers are 0 15 Word 82 Spare Word No assignment for these words at this time Word 83 Checksum Word SPEC 3V CPI Preliminary Technical Manual Page 54 February 2012 SPEC Inc reserves the right to make improvements and changes to the 3V CPI and related software at any time and without notice The Checksum Word is generated using a binary addition of all words in the packet and ignoring any overflow bits generated by the addition The result is a 16 bit binary word which is then sent in binary form NO conversion to ascii 4 2 4 Mask Packets The PDS system uses a mask for each channel to eliminate noise When a new mask is taken a mask packet is sent to the data system with the format shown in Table 4 2 2 This format is changed from the format used in the solo 2D S instrument a length and checksum word have been added Table 4 2 2 Mask data packet format probe to 2D S GUI only Word Mask Data Description 1 Flag ASCII MK 0x4D4B 2 Packet Length in words 28 0x1C 3 5 48 bit Timing Word Time Mask Data is read from the FPGA 6 13 Horizontal mask bits Directly Read from FPGA hz_mask_ 14 21 Vertical mask bits Directly Read from FPGA vt_mask_7 22 24 Timing Word at start of mask routine Directly Read from FPGA tw_ sb

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