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1. Pe abd area ja vd gt egi cfi Table Tools Toolbar Button Definitions Selector The Selector arrow is the default tool that appears on screen unless another operation is active The Selector arrow selects moves and resizes objects D Group Selector The Group Selector is used to select a group of objects Once grouped the object s can be moved aligned and deleted as a single object Operator Simulator Upon pressing this button the Operator Simulator icon appears on screen To animate objects including Switches indicators and meters drag the Operator Simulator icon to desired object and left click the mouse In some instances each left click of the mouse changes the state of the object In other instances each left click steps through a series of static bitmaps frame by frame which gives the illusion of motion much like moving pictures Cut Copy Paste These functions allow objects or groups to be cut copied or pasted to the current or newly selected screen To Front If multiple objects are overlapped this function causes the selected object to be drawn last or on top of the other objects To Back If multiple objects are overlapped this function causes the selected object to be drawn first or covered by the other objects ES Zoom In To magnify the representation of TAJ the OCS unit on screen click the Zoom In button Continue to click this button until the desired size is reached Zoom Out
2. sss 95 Requirements see 12 Resistance Temperature Device RTD 125 Resol tiOn eio tetti remoti ences 119 Resources Controller 93 Predefined I O Points 106 Retentive On Delay Timer a c 49 Return Elemeit 3 o 44 ROTATE LEP esiis nos r Eas 53 ROTATE RIGH DE iecssctsctesaaatsoiaanscstartecoadaneunees 53 e Ula e EE 34 SCODO coe dete ee Sie e a 11 Screen JUMP ieira eiar eo ete REN ter a ee et edis 186 Screens TATE EET 23 OYSUOM i iocis det eed eeu EEN ds 23 UE 23 24 Seebeck ET iss t bei bends 127 Selecto e eecht 184 Set Real Time Clock Element Shift and Rotate Elements 52 BITWISE ROTATELEFT eese 55 BITWISE ROTATE RIGHT 55 BITWISE SHIFT LEET 54 BITWISE SHIFT RIGHT sees 54 Configuring eese 52 Power FlOW 4 id eee ENNER 52 ROTATE ERT eie Eri I RR ites 53 DOTATERIGHT 53 SHIFER CEF WEE 53 SHIFT RIGHT ccccccccecceeece ceca esse eeaees 53 Shift vs Rotate cece ee eee eee eee 53 SHIFT CEF ee Sege alec athe dee 53 SHIFT RIG HW beten eg ege dese 53 SIGNIFICANT DIGITS eene 112 SIG e ee eebe 31 SINGLE REGISTER MOWE ene 56 elle DEE 191 PAGE 204 17 SEP 2002 SmartStack Input Values 128 SmartStack Stepper Module 113 Snap to Primary Grid esses 168 Snap to Secon
3. ssseeeesss 160 Toolbar Reference eee 162 MANO313 04 Tools Reference sesseeseeeseenrrerreen nne 165 Tools Toolbar secesia 163 GREATER THANN 39 GREATER THAN OR EOUAL 40 Group Selector ec eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeees 166 Hexadecimal Numbers sess 72 Independent PID Element ISA PID Element 85 Indexed Moves ssnseesseesnnsennsernrerrrsrreeenne 116 Indicator Lamp 181 Indirect Move e 58 INFINITY E 112 Insert Special Character 169 Installati ri ient ne 13 Installation Hesults nenene 13 INTEGER TO DOUBLE INTEGER 46 INTEGER TO REAL sees 45 Integral Control 137 Internal Hesourecs rennene 93 Issuing Commande 117 Jump Element 42 Kand Te oc et eene eee 141 LESS THAN eode ae vehi I d edidi 39 LESS THAN OR EOUAL es 40 LIMIT iiio ri ied eeu ren a venne 40 Logic Bitwise Elements AND EE 25 Configuring i oci tet deren tn 25 Exclusive OR eite ioi eee mite Adr 26 onec T 26 OB EE 26 P wer FIOM itii eit tt t tu 24 Master Mappimg 78 Math Equation Element Configuring cesses 36 Numeric Constant assesses 37 Op ralors iiio iicet ar timet edie 37 Power Elo 35 Register Designation cesses 37 TYPING TT 36 Userful Math Feature assaasaanaaannannaann 35 Math Operations Elements 27 Absolute Value snsssnene
4. For the multi position switch a keypress low to high transition on a switch position will cause the object to write the position of that keypress 0 3 to the specified controller register The position displayed closest to the top of the screen will be associated with the first keypress source Should multiple keypress bits toggle at the same time possible only with auxiliary reference the lowest keypress source bit will be proprietorized With the single position switch only one position and only one keypress source controls the object On each keypress low to high transition the object will increment through the number of Total Items 0 Total Items 1 and writing that value to the controller reference The object will highlight the last selected switch position Note that this animation follows the state of the control register and not the actual keypress source Should the network or a ladder rung modify the state of the control register that change would be reflected in the animation Object Display Attributes Border static Enable Input dynamic ON Color gt gt gt ON Color OFF Color OFF Color gt gt gt Allows the selection of colors to denote ON and OFF states of the Indicators PAGE 186 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 Screen Jump Formats a screen jump to a specific screen number address number Screen Jump Properties xi Jump to Screen Number Keypress Source C Attach
5. eeii darii 45 BITWISE SHIFT L ET esee 54 DOUBLE INTEGER TO REAL 45 BITWISE SHIFT RIGHT aee 54 INT TO DIN iiit encre rotta 46 BLOCK FIL eiii uere oes 60 INTEGER TO REAL eee 45 BLOCK MOVE WORD eem 57 REAL TO DOUBLE INTEGER 46 Block Register Move 57 REAL TO INTEGER esee 45 Boolean Elements 20 COSING aes eect ae iv ee 32 Negative Transition Coil 20 Counter Elements Configuring 50 Normally Closed Coil 20 Counter Operation 51 Normally Closed Contact 20 Cscape Normally Open Col 20 Shortcut Keys 147 Normally Open Contacts 20 Data Formats ii re ttam 91 Positive Transition Coil 20 Data Move Elements Reset Coll cct oem ECKE dee 21 BLOCK FILE 22 hcc ea teca 60 LE 20 INDIRECT MOVE eee 58 PAGE 202 17 SEP 2002 MOVE CONSTANT esee 61 Data Move Elements 55 BLOCK MOVE WORD se 57 BLOCK REGISTER MOVE ossen 57 Configuring acessi Sraa ho a 56 MOVE DWORD eem 57 MOVE WOP 56 Multi Rotate Data Moves 65 ower FION cii ect eet ee Er et E LA ug 56 Single Data Moves esee 55 Single Register Move 56 Type Checking erep 56 Data Trend her ees 193 Data Types Storage Order 92 Data Types
6. MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 81 CH 2 The following registers are used only for Index Move operations INDEX DESTINATION POSITION This is a 32 bit register INDEX DECELERATION This is a 16 bit register INDEX WINDOW OPEN This is a 32 bit register INDEX WINDOW CLOSED This is a 32 register C Operation In operation the Stepper Element gathers the indicated information and writes all values as a group to the Stepper Controller SmartStack Module Technically the actual write operation does not take place until the next UO cycle This is a great convenience as to do this the normal way would require six or ten individual elements The Stepper Move instruction requires only one element The registers assigned to the Stepper Controller SmartStack Module are assigned by default when the controller is configured The exact position of the module in the T so SAI and AQ spaces is determined by the number of SmartStack modules attached to this controller and the physical position of the HE800STP100 module within the stack This is a typical setup based on the STP100 being the first or only SmartStack module and indexing is not selected Module Configuration EZ ap Module Setup pcm i Module Model HESDOSTP100 Description Single Axis Stepper Controller Type Number Starting Location Cancel Apply Help Stepper Config Note the STARTING LOCATION indicated for this module in particular
7. Point Data Description Size AQ1 32 bit Destination Low 8 388 608 Word 8 388 607 AQ2 Destination High Word AQ3 16 bit Velocity Divisor 20 65 535 AQ4 16 bit Base Velocity 1 8 190 96AQ5 16 bit Running Velocity 2 8 191 96AQ6 16 bit Acceleration Time 1 27 300 mS 96AQ7 16 bit Deceleration time 0 27 300 mS The first two points are combined to form a single 32 bit register This contains the location where the stepping stops Depending on the instruction issued this position is an absolute reference from the Origin position or a relative position from the current position The Velocity Divisor determines the resolution for the Base Velocity and Running Velocity Refer to the STP100 User Manual for a more complete discussion of this register The Base Velocity determines the first velocity used when a move starts and the last velocity used when a move stops The Running Velocity is the top speed at which the move eventually operates In normal operation a move starts at the Base Velocity accelerates to the Running Velocity decelerates to the Base Velocity and then stops The Accelerating Decelerating and Moving Status Bits reflects the current operational state PAGE 116 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 8 The Acceleration Time is the amount of time the stepper allocates for accelerating between Base Velocity and Running Velocity Deceleration Time is the amount of time the stepper allocates for decelerating from
8. Point Description Clear Error s Only one command bit is active at a time If more than one bit is ON at a time the bit with the highest number takes precedence Note that this gives the IMMEDIATE STOP command the highest priority Immediately after power up the Power Up Error Status Bit is ON The CLEAR ERRORS command must be the first command issued No other commands are accepted if any error bit is ON All command bits are positive OFF to ON edge sensitive The JOG UP and JOG DOWN command are also negative edge sensitive ON to OFF as these commands require both a begin and end signal PAGE 114 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 8 Note The CLEAR ERROR S command must be issued before any other command is issued This is an important safety feature Not all commands are available at all times For example if a MOVE command is in progress only the DECELERATE AND STOP or IMMEDIATE STOP commands are accepted 8 3 Status Bits The sixteen 16 Digital Input l points are used as Status Bits Point Description llegal Move Error Motor Stalled Error Bits 1 through 8 are Error Bits The condition causing the error is present if the Error Bit is ON The module does not function so long as any Error Bit is ON These bits are cleared by issuing the Bit 8 Power Up WatchDog Error is TRUE immediately after power up or watchdog timeout and prevents operation of the module until the CLEAR E
9. String Move Element MOVE STRING When power is applied to this element it moves the programmed number of characters from SOURCE to DESTINATION SOURCE can be either a Register Type and Offset reference or a string constant String constants must be delimited with the Single Quote character For example This is a test DESTINATION must be a Register Type and Offset Reference N is the number of character to move and must be a decimal constant If SOURCE is a string constant i e the first character is a Single Quote then the Number of Characters entry box is disabled and contains the count of the number of characters typed in Note that a hexadecimal sequence 0A appearing in a string constant is counted as a single character MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 73 CH 2 String Compare Element String Compare When power is applied to this element it compares the programmed number of characters from IN1 with any characters appearing at IN2 If the comparison is TRUE the two strings are equal then power flow through the elements is TRUE IN1 may be either a Register Type and Offset reference or a string constant String constants must be delimited with the Single Quote character for example This is a test IN2 must be a Register Type and Offset Reference N is the number of character to compare and must be a decimal constant If IN1 is a string constant i e the first character i
10. may be as deep as necessary provided the 80 character limit of the equation string is not exceeded For example the following math equation is valid R22 R15 R16 R15 R16 If R15 contains 25 and R16 contains 5 then R22 contains 130 after the element is completed 2 8 Compare Elements NOTE Compare Elements EQ INT etc operate on unsigned BYTE 8 bit values 0 to 255 Signed Integer 16 bit values 32768 to 32767 Signed Double Integer 32 bit values 2147483648 to 2147483647 or Floating Point values 3 40282e 38 to 3 40282e 38 2 8 1 General Compare Elements take the values of two BYTE 8 bit Integer 16 bit SIGNED values Double Integer 32 bit SIGNED values or Floating Point 32 bit values and performs a comparison on the two values in the form IN1 comparison IN2 such as IN1 IN2 2 8 8 Power Flow Through the Element When the comparison is TRUE power is passed through the element to its output which can be used to set or clear an indicator coil For example Given Comparison Power Flower IN1 6 IN2 2 3 IN1 gt IN2 TRUE IN1 IN2 2 3 IN1 IN2 FALSE IN1 6 IN2 2 3 IN1 IN2 FALSE IN1 3 IN2 2 6 IN1 gt IN2 FALSE IN1 3 IN2 6 IN1 IN2 TRUE IN1 3 IN2 2 6 IN1 IN2 FALSE 2 8 8 Configuring Compare Element To configure the element double click it and then enter the Register Type and address for both inputs Either input can be a BYTE integer double integer or real c
11. Controller Register Address Name a Keypress Source Attach to nearest soft key C Auxiliary Register Address Name J Touch Screen Selector Type ris Selector Horz d Positions Three Items gt gt gt Display Properties Attributes gt gt gt Background Color gt gt gt eal Legend gt gt gt Line Color gt gt gt ONColrr gt gt JI OFF Color gt gt gt Figure 16 20 Selector Properties Object Specific Properties e Positions Selects number of visual selector positions This is limited from 1 to 4 e Items Invokes Editor which defines the text to be displayed in each switches position and the Total Items if only one switch position is configured e Touch Screen Used with OCS3xx models MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 185 CH 16 Object Behavior e Controller Register This object will only accept register types on 16 bit boundaries and will consume 16 bits word e Functionality This function emulates a single or multi position interlocked selector switch Each switch position on the object will be tied to a keypress source softkeys or an auxiliary OCS register For softkeys the object consumes the consecutive number of softkeys as specified by the position s property For an auxiliary reference the object consumes the consecutive number of register bits specified by the positions property auxiliary reference must fall on 16 bit boundary
12. MOD modulo INTEGER MOD ELEMENT DINT MOD ELEMENT REAL MODULO This element divides IN1 by IN2 the modulus and places the remainder in Q Q remainder IN1 IN2 For example given the IN2 value of 5 the following is a table of some modulo values IN1 I zZ 2 LE H CH p Br a ENEE p 5 k 15 PAGE 30 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 Performing the Modulo function on Real Numbers can appear to behave strangely if the internal workings are not understood For example 3 12 MOD 2 1 1 02 This can be better illustrated using long division 4 Integer Result 2 1 3 12 2 1 q 024 Modulo Square Root R42 ZR45 INTEGER SQRT DINT SQRT REAL SQUARE ROOT This element figures the square root of the value in IN1 and places the result in Q Q S R IN1 This element has its primary use with REAL data types This element does work with INT 16 bit or DINT 32 bit data but the results of the square root function are seldom integers The result placed in Q is truncated to the integer value 318 EE Aem ee 9 9 07 pr 000 _ Pic A PN E Ny GA pe i OO DEENEN BCEE ECH oor 85 eee EE Cam EE ee EE DEE EE Wu GO C9 C3 PO PY PO PO DINT ABS REAL ABS MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 31 CH 2 This element takes the value of IN1 strips off the sign and places the results in Q Q ABS IN1 The result is alw
13. i e 100 10 0 Sec e_cnt Required only if Exception Message support is enabled is specified as a Register Type and Offsetreference This contains the number of bytes in the Message Data buffer to send Transition from zero to a non zero value triggers the transmission of one Exception Message e_buf Required only if Exception Message support is enabled is specified as a Register Type and Offset reference This is the first register number of an array which contains the Exception Message first message byte is contained in referenced word register low value byte STATUS is the Type and Offset reference of a WORD 16 bit register used to hold the results of the element Status bit assignment L BitNumber eeng as Crc Checksum error single pass Exception message send reset when e cnt Exception message S eode send buffer size reset when e_cnt Attempt Ge send exception message when transmit busy reset When e cnt 7 Overun i single 5 PAGE 78 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 Master Mapping To access a controller s point over Modbus the master must be configured as to the point s type and offset This is usually accomplished with one of two methods The first method uses the traditional addressing scheme where the high digit represents the point s type and the lower digits represent the point s offset starting with point 1 Since only four types can be represented in this manner the Modbus function pac
14. 2 1 Program Elements Covered in this Manual 15 2 2 Alarm Handling Function Block 16 2 2 1 VEER ee 16 2 2 2 Alarm Status Registers Alarm Control Block 17 2 2 89 User Interface Settings ek ccce innt REIR EIN AEE K REEE A ERE 18 2 2 4 ime Stamp Reglslels s nitet citri dieitur iube EU Itti tara x E xeboeti iiis 18 2 2 5 Power FION D 18 2 2 6 Viewing the Alarm Handler Status mem eene 19 2 9 Boolean Elements eicere eer tetas annee de eaae Ra ive LN dune 20 2 4 Display Elements arininn a aaan tto eote ke oie Po HAE IIIA STER IL rs ERUPH A RERPR ERA SR HB ARA 21 2 4 1 How to Use Display Screens AAA 21 2 4 2 How to Create a Display Col 21 2 4 39 Multiple ActiV6e SCreerns iiec potestate cte o ete Pob Cod Pea RE Eee Genders NER Ee ek e odes 24 2 5 Logic Bitwise Operator Elements 24 2 5 1 enc xs 24 2 5 2 Power Flow Through the Element AAA 24 2 5 9 Configuring Logic Elements ivo rrt e UD RERO pet LE RR 25 2 6 Math Operations erre einem teal ee dene undue YE eee vu p dade i e dung due caves 27 2 6 1 tel TTE 27 2 6 2 Configuring Math Operation Elements 27 2 6 9 Math Operations ect et dote eae get Recte rte cde e t ete aea peu peritura fera bet dans 27 2 6 4 Advanced Math Operations esses mene nnne nnne rennen 31 2 7 Math Equation Element crnca ate i canes ieee teehee ee Fen dune a ai en dene A Flug 35 2 7 1 Useful Math Feature of CSCa
15. Controller register will be set OFF when key is pressed Toggle Controller register will be toggled when key is pressed e Legend Plate Creates a virtual Legend Plate consisting of a legend border and a background color e 3D Bezel Provides a Bezel attribute for the object if desired e Show On Off state caption When checked the animation ICON will contain one of two text strings designating the current state of the target device e State Properties button Enabled when Show On Off state caption checked Invokes state text dialog box which allows the state text strings to be re defined and or specify whether the state determination is based off the switch object s controller register or a definable auxiliary register e Return to last screen after press Essentially emulates an ESC keypress immediately after the switch action If screens have been queued by a previous screen jump object that previous screen will become current If no screen has been queue no screen change will occur This feature provides the functionally of an OK and Cancel type dialog buttons which allow returning from that screen once a choice is made Object Behavior e Controller Register This object will only accept register types on bit boundaries e Functionality For the toggle action any change in the keypress state or for the remaining actions any low to high change in the keypress state will cause the object to generate that specified action in
16. Note that resolution does NOT describe accuracy Accuracy is concerned with how well the converter does the job it was designed to do A lowly 8 bit converter 256 discrete steps can be more accurate than a poorly designed or failing 16 bit converter 9 4 Quantitization Step Size The resolution tells us how small a quantitization Step Size is possible Another way of saying this is how small a change in the analog signal can be measured by the ADC First though we must know the possible values of the incoming analog signal and then configure an appropriate RANGE for the ADC module The ADC RANGE selected must be able to handle all possible input values or accept all values that are not produced through an error on the part of the process being measured In order to produce consistent readings most SmartStack ADC modules conform to one of the following ranges Range Min Range Max Range 0 to 10 volts 0 Volts 10 24 Volts 10 volts 10 24 Volts 10 24 Volts 0 to 5 volts 0 Volts 5 12 Volts 5 volts 5 12 Volts 5 12 Volts 0 to 20 mA 0 mA 20 48 mA 20 mA 20 48 mA 20 48 mA Most SmartStack ADC modules allow software configuration for two or more of these various ranges Once the range for the ADC product is determined simple math will tell us the quantitization step size Step Size Maximum range Minimum Range Resolution This is best illustrated with an example Given an ADC product with 12 bit resolution and a 10
17. PAGE 52 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 2 12 Shift and Rotate Elements Note Shift and Rotate Elements operate on WORD Integer 16 bit DWORDS 2 12 1 General Operations are performed on the bit patterns of the register After the operation the results are stored ina result register The input register is not changed Power flow through the SHIFT elements is determined by the ast bit shifted out of the register For example if R41 contains 21770 0101010100001010 and the number of shifts is 4 then Shift Power Value Flow 0 0 010101010000101 unshifted iB 0 101010100001010 2 0 010101000010100 3 0 101010000101000 4 1 010100001010000 The power output is determined after the last shift Any preceding bits do not affect the power output and are lost Power flow through the ROTATE elements is always TRUE regardless of the state of the last bit rotated out 2 12 2 Configuring Shift and Rotate Elements To configure the element double click it and then enter the Register Type and Offset for the input register the output register and the shift count N Values for the Input and Shift Count N can also be fixed INT or DINT values The Output Q must be a Register Reference R etc These elements work on 16 bit or 32 bit registers NOTE With a Shift Element referencing a Word register a shift count N larger than 15 loads all bits in the register with 0 With a Rotate Element a shift count N of 16 returns the
18. Sensing C Thermocouple 2 Reference In operation the two negative leads of the thermocouples are connected together at J1 Since these wires are of the same material there is no Seebeck voltage from this junction The two remaining positive leads are taken to the input terminals of the Thermocouple Input card There will be a Seebeck voltage produced by these junctions but it will be identical at both connectors Since the two voltages are on opposite sides of the measuring device they cancel each other out With the above wiring the voltage from Thermocouple 2 subtracts from that of Thermocouple 1 But thermocouple 2 is held at a constant 0 C and the amount of voltage produced by this thermocouple at this temperature is well known by ANSI standards It is a simple matter to use the digital computer to correct for this constant error by simply adding it back into the reading But maintaining a constant 0 C temperature can in itself be expensive and time consuming SmartStack Thermocouple Input Modules also allow for both Internal and Remote Cold Junction Compensation With Internal Compensation a semiconductor temperature sensing device is placed near the wiring connectors on the SmartStack module where the thermocouple wires are attached to the SmartStack module The SmartStack module can now measure the temperature at the input connection and mathematically correct the thermocouple voltage readings With the SmartStack module th
19. To de magnify the representation of the OCS unit on screen click the Zoom Out button Continue to click this button until the desired size is reached Back Screen Pressing this button moves back to the last screen viewed The last screen viewed can be located several screens away from the current screen it is not limited to the previous screen located immediately before the current screen Previous Screen Pressing this button jumps to the previous screen located just before the current Screen 4 View Screen Thumbnails goto screen This presents the user a display of 20 condensed screens from which one can be selected to jump too Display can be scrolled 20 screens at a time to access all 300 screens Next Screen Pressing this button jumps to the next screen located just after the current screen gt View Edit Screen Comments This function is used to store notes and questions with the current screen which are used strictly for the use of the programmer They are not printed or displayed on the target OCS250 If comments exist for the current display screen the Comments button animates and flashes as an indicator to the user Error Check Checks screens for various warnings and errors Snap to Primary Grid When pressed this button causes inserted or moved objects to snap to the primary grid lines This button does not affect the Static Text object or Drawing Primitives Snap to Secondary Grid When pres
20. and hold the button down while dragging the object to the desired spot When the right mouse button is clicked outside the object the pull down menu below appears Paste Ctrl V Select All Set Background Import Group Preview Zoom To Goto Screen Set as Initial Screen Figure 16 6 Using the Selector Button PAGE 166 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 To select multiple objects click the left mouse button and CH 16 Group Selector The Group Selector is used to select and move multiple objects To move a grouped object left click on the drag it over the objects A box object and hold the with handles surround the button down while grouped objects To remove dragging the object to the box left click on the box or anywhere within the box Button When the right mouse 4 Q button is clicked on the object the following pull down menu appears Cut Copy Ctrl C UnGroup Align Objects the desired spot When the right mouse button is clicked outside the object the pull down menu below appears Paste Ctrl V Select All Set Background Import Group Preview Ctrl V Zoom To Goto Screen Set as Initial Screen Figure 16 7 Using the Group Selector Button Operator Simulator Upon pressing this button the Operator Simulator icon appears on screen To animate objects including switches indicators and meters drag the Operator Simulator icon to desired obje
21. it is clipped appropriately Object Behavior e Controller Register This object will accept any register type and size however Register Width field must specify 1 bit type for discrete register types l Q etc Register Width will also specify the number of bits to convert for an analog value e Functionality Allows insertion of one of several Window s Bitmap file s BMP on a display screen based on the state of the control register The control register is sampled continuously and treated as an unsigned value When the sampled value changes the bitmap associated with the frame number equal to the sampled value is displayed If the sampled value is greater than the largest defined frame number the bitmap associated with the largest defined frame number is displayed Object Display Attributes None Slider This object allows an analog value to be adjusted with a simulated slider and or trim buttons Color Touch models Slider Properties xi Controller Register Address Register Width Name TH iens d Scale VV Show Scale Limits Maximum bm Font EI Sd Minimum p t Tesch EI Display Properties Attributes gt gt gt Background Color gt gt gt Legend gt gt gt Line Color gt gt gt v anon See Slider Color E E Show Inc Dec Buttons Figure 16 25 Slider Properties PAGE 192 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 e Slider This object allows an analog value
22. unit can be programmed through a physical connection to any other unit Once the ladder program is written it is automatically checked for syntax errors before it is downloaded The source code causing syntax errors can be located through a simple click of the mouse Ladder source code can be protected from unauthorized viewing or editing by using OEM Sections Rungs of ladder code are marked as OEM Sections and can be viewed or edited only by personnel with proper security clearance Cscape programs can be self documenting That is it is possible to save the actual source code comments and element names to the target unit Although this takes up valuable memory inside the controller the complete program source code comments and names are available to individuals with a sufficient security clearance and the Cscape software Disk files are not necessary Physical errors or those errors originating from an outside source can be located by using the Cscape Debugger This provides a real time connection to all affected controllers The user is able to view inputs and outputs and see the subsequent impact of each input and output as they are happening Cscape supports the complete GE Fanuc OCS line Cscape can be manually configured for a specific product and programs can be written before the hardware is available Once connected to the network Cscape can automatically configure controllers Cscape is capable of supporting multipl
23. 143 CH 13 CHAPTER 13 UPDATING FIRMWARE 13 1 General NOTE Firmware can be updated only on the OCS RCS line Refer to the User Manual that came with the controller to determine if the controller accepts firmware updates from Cscape NOTE OCS Firmware Revision 7 16 or greater is required to allow firmware upgrades using Cscape The OCS product line contains flash memory based firmware Using a proprietary protocol the operational firmware inside the OCS can be updated in the field using the Cscape Editor With this feature new versions of firmware can be released to the field almost instantaneously using the Internet or other electronic mail facilities From the Main Menu select File Update Firmware The user is asked if they wish to stop the OCS and prepare for firmware update Select ves to continue or No to abort the firmware update process WARNING Updating the firmware can erase any ladder logic program that exists in the OCS Be sure that there is a copy of the ladder logic program so that it can be loaded into the OCS later if necessary If accepted the Firmware Update Dialog appears If the complete path to the new firmware disk file is known type it in to the Select Firmware File edit box Otherwise use the Browse Button to locate the desired file NOTE For distribution most firmware update files are delivered in ASCII HEX format and has the file extension HEX After selecting the proper file click the S
24. 2002 PAGE 17 CH 2 2 2 2 Alarm Status Registers Alarm Control Block Address Name Alarm Control Block Brinn alm_CB DG Next Input T0070 SEP S um nex zl Previous Input zroont ven Jain prev Clear Input Era I jc cv x Ack Input Fromm I Jr KEY First Alarm Screen Num fi 0 Alarm Count e m Time Stamping Timestamp Type Time Only Control Block Address 70100 Name 4 Time M ees Sa Figure 2 2 Alarm Handler Function Registers Each alarm requires one 16 bit status register The registers for multiple alarms are defined in a contiguous block called the Alarm Control Block One bit is written to this register to indicate that the alarm is active The register also contains sections that indicates the Acknowledge and Pending status and contains a count for the alarm By placing the alarm status registers in a section of retentive memory R M the alarm states are retained through a power cycle The following table shows how the bits in the alarm status word control block are allocated 16 42 n 08 ai ef Undefined Acknowledge Pending Active Alarm Count except for Special Bits a Special Status Bits Bit 16 of the first status word turns ON when any alarm is pending The alarms may or may not have been acknowledged Bit 15 of the first status word turn ON when any alarm is unacknowledged b Alarm Count This is a BYTE counter that counts how
25. 3 Drawing Primitives foolbar dercae cece eee tree ee ee meme a heres 165 16 8 Tools Reference aoa ec ENEE etait p lir et ERR ea eR Ee e PEKE AME pE ware ea Eden 165 16 9 Object References eee sud E col Re ERE UE Reve ERR ERBEN DUCK RPM ERO SR ER ete AMETE 169 16 10 Drawing Primitive Reference emen n enne n ener nnne nnns 198 16 11 Suggested Order of the Visual System Design Process 198 PAGE 10 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 11 CH 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Scope This reference manual is designed for the beginner to intermediate programmer using Cscape Software A basic level of understanding of Cscape operation is assumed as this manual does not provide step by step instructions on how to use Cscape If instructions are needed refer to the on line Cscape Help 1 2 Topics Overview Topics in this manual have been specifically selected to assist the user through the programming process and to provide reference information The topics that are covered include User Reference Information Product Overview Requirements Distribution and Installation Ladder Elements including Special Elements Cscape Data Types Available Controller Resources System Registers Wiring Diagrams and Pin outs Floating Point Real Numbers STP100 SmartStack Modules PID Controls Using Analog Values With Cscape and Operator Control Station OCS Thermocouple and Resistance Temperature Devic
26. 4 23 volts Given a range of 10V Converted Value 4 23 Value 10 24 32768 Converted Value 41308 32768 Converted Value 13536 But given a range of 5 volts Converted Value 4 23 Value 5 12 32768 Converted Value 826127 32768 Converted Value 27072 Not all values between 32768 and 32767 are available This is because the resolution of the converter divides the possible normalized values into 2 to the Nth steps For example using a 12 bit converter and a 10 volt range the possible range of normalized values 65535 is divided into 4096 steps of 16 counts each Each step represents 5 millivolts Thus if 0 000 volts produces a normalized reading of 0 zero then an input of positive 5 millivolts produces a normalized reading of 0016 an input of positive 10 millivolts produces a normalized reading of 0032 and an input of negative 20 millivolts produces a normalized reading of 0064 etc There is also some mathematical inaccuracy involved in the normalization process The step size is not exactly 16 counts in this example Therefore the expected normalized value itself varies by 1 count Exact single point readings are not often required however In most case the normalized values are further processed into ranges Low Medium High or a percentage of some arbitrary scale In those rare cases where the exact pinpointing of some value is necessary the desired value is brackete
27. Again refer to the range and resolution of the ADC Module Given a range of 10V Actually 10 24 to account for SmartStack over range capabilities and 12 bit 4096 step resolution it is determined that the step size is 5 millivolts Due to alignment the most negative analog input in this case 10 24 volts produces a binary value of 000 zero The conversion points are offset by 1 2 LSB so inputting a value of less than 10 2375 volts produces a binary value of 0000 Inputting a value between 10 2375 and 10 2325 volts produces a binary reading of 0001 and so on until an analog input of greater than 10 2375 is applied and the binary reading is 4095 In this system if the analog input is exactly 0 000 zero volts the converter binary value is 2048 If the resolution of the converter is changed but not the range the converted value is different For example if the SmartStack module is replaced with a 14 bit version 16384 steps the step size is 1 25 millivolts If the range is kept at 10 24 volts the 10 24 volts input is converted to 0 The 10 24 volt input is converted to 16383 and 0 000 volts is converted to 8192 9 6 Normalized Analog Values It is obvious that any ladder program using these values are aware of the ADC module used and that upgrading the ADC module requires rewriting the ladder program to accommodate the new values Cscape and the OCS products provide for normalized values to be returned
28. Cancel Figure 2 4 Decide if you want a force screen or switch screen then press OK The coil now expands to show a thumbnail of the screen if available J Force Screen 45 This is Screen 45 Figure 2 5 Power Flow through the Element Power does not flow through the Display Screen coil The Display Screen Coil must be the last right most element on the rung In order to activate multiple output coils on the same rung the Display coil 9eD must be the ast coil on the rung Acceptable Ed Screen 11 S07 IN1 R01 xooimacgo Screen 11 Screen 11 Screen ll MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 23 CH 2 Using Screen Number System Registers See Also System Registers The controllers contain system registers that allow the user alarm and system screen numbers to be read and or written The following is a definition of the three types of screens System Screens These are the predefined screens that make up the system menu System screen one is viewed by pressing the system key on the controller Additional system screens can be viewed by navigating the various menus that make up the system menu Any system screen can also be displayed by writing a screen number to the system screen system register System screens are shown even if alarm or user screens are active Alarm Screen These screens are programmer defined screens that are forced to display using a D coil in ladder logic The a
29. Cecape 000 ce eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee es 91 DODUG WT 12 Multiple Units seisena 12 D6gr668S ancen a e eevee une Dey 31 Derivative Control 138 Display Goll 5 temen re 21 Display Elements 21 Display Gcreens eenen 21 DistribUtlorm Ce or cp lay eee dece 13 DIVIdG P egy DR REEL eR Ed etd Rd8 28 DOUBLE INTEGER TO REAL 45 Drawing Primitive Reference 198 End Program Element 44 EQUAE tih en ied eret EU Ae eG decreas 39 Error GheCk wes cete Ls nee 168 ERRORS aigean neinna tet bed et ERR 112 EXCLUSIVE OR iiie tee ei er tenni ha 26 Expotent iini in eee ipe Enc e COL Pt Ben 33 FLOATING POINT VALUES 112 Forcing Enabling io bet icd tbc te tt codon 131 Forcing Contact or Coil 131 InidiCators eee exe ib eH 133 REGISTOS dieci e t e t n det 132 Viewing Forced Hemes s c 133 Graphic Editor 151 Background CGolor i 170 Displaying time or date 174 Drawing Primitives Toolbar 165 Engineering unfte sese 171 FONT Era E 171 Format Dechmal scene 171 Format Numeric data 171 Object Description 151 Object Grouping esee 153 Object Placement 152 Object Properties seseesess 155 Object Reference esses 169 Object Toolbar esee 164 Screen Description
30. Currently all objects are always visible This option can not be changed Color Touch Screen e g OCS3xx Objects can be selected as e Visible This Visible ON option checked e Invisible Both the Visible ON and Dynamic option unchecked e Dynamically Visible Visible Dynamic option checked Visible objects are always displayed Invisible objects are not displayed but their touch operations continue to function For example a series of invisible screen jump objects can be placed over a bitmap that represents a map of a plant floor Upon touching a particular section of the bitmap containing an invisible screen jump a detailed screen is immediately displayed showing detailed information about the selected portion of the plant Dynamically Visible objects are shown when the first bit of the override register is set objects are hidden when the first bit is cleared When a dynamic object is hidden its touch operations are also disabled PAGE 158 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 Flash When statically set an object will flash the data display continuously or the animation ICON when the associated control register is in the ON state When dynamically overridden a three state display can be created OFF ON solid and ON flash depending both on the state of the control register and the Override Register Border This attribute available only statically provides a decorative border rectangle around the object This border is typic
31. DeviceNet Network 2 Cancel Firmware Wizard The product type should be selected If not select the product to update from the drop down list Next select the type of networking desired Press OK Note If a controller was purchased without a network loading firmware that supports a network will not be allowed If a controller was purchased with a network loading firmware that does not support a network is not allowed Note The wizard assumes the firmware is stored in the firmware directory located in the same directory as the Cscape program Unless the user changes this it is handled during the installation process The manual firmware update dialog is now shown with the filename for the update automatically selected Press Send to start the update process Wait for the dialog to indicate that update process is complete MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 145 CH 13 Firmware Update ES Select Firmware File C PROGRAM FILES CSCAPE FIRMWARE OCS 250 HEX Browse v Dual Processor System File Progress Idle etfors x bytes of ed j Cancel Firmware Update For Wizard Manually Loading Firmware From the Main Menu select File Update Firmware The user is asked if they wish to stop the OCS and prepare for firmware update Select Yesto continue or No to abort the firmware update process WARNING Updating the firmware can erase any ladder logic program that exi
32. F range More resistant to nuclear radiation that Type K platinum carbon vapors Can be contaminated by hydrogen or carbon vapors NOTE Not all thermocouple types are supported by SmartStack modules NOTE Ranges given are approximate Sensors from specific manufacturers may have more specific ranges NOTE Type Cis not ANSI standard 1396 rhodium 10096 0 2700 F High resistance to oxidation and corrosion platinum Can be contaminated by hydrogen or carbon vapors MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 127 CH 10 Below is a chart of some of the more common thermocouple transfer curves 80 70 60 50 40 Millivolts 30 20 10 n 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Temperature SC Although the voltage output of a thermocouple is very small it can be converted to a binary reading using an ADC circuit Even though the transfer curve is non linear once the ANSI Type is known the reading can be converted to a linear binary reading using computer software It is important then that the SmartStack module be properly configured for the thermocouple type to be used and that the thermocouple type not be changed without reconfiguring the SmartStack module The Seebeck Effect is also the major drawback of thermocouples ANY two dissimilar metals will generate a voltage when junctioned This means that standard copper wire can NOT be used to extend the leads of a thermocouple except the positive lead of the Type T because the copper other met
33. Process Variable is measured and that value returned to the Process Controller Process Variable Control Variable Process Process Controller PROCESS WITH FEEDBACK Such a process can respond to both changes in the Setpoint value and to changes in the process or oad Change the setpoint and the controller tries to drive the process to the new value Change the value of the Process Variable and the controller tries to drive the process back to the Setpoint value The question in this situation is What do we do with the feedback In most applications the feedback is subtracted from the setpoint to produce a value called Error The magnitude of Error is determined by the difference between the Setpoint value and the Process Variable value For example a simple temperature controller might accept a setpoint of 350 degrees The Process Variable measures 200 degrees Therefore the Error value is 150 degrees The first thought is to add the Error to the Setpoint and use this value to drive the process towards the desired value in less time In the above example adding the 350 degrees Setpoint and the 150 degrees Error attempts to drive the process to 500 degrees which would have the effect of causing the process to heat up faster On the next reading the Process Variable is found to be 250 degrees making the Error 100 degrees The controller adds the Error to the Setpoint and tries to drive the process towards 450 de
34. Q 3 507 101 T01 Front Door SO Back Door d 25103 Vertical Branch Thus pressing E stop OR opening Front Door OR opening Back Door generates the stop bit PAGE 90 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 NOTES MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 91 CH 3 CHAPTER 3 CSCAPE DATA TYPES 3 1 Overview In Cscape data can be stored or used in a variety of different formats The format used depends on how the information is to be interpreted Typical interpretations are binary bit patterns unsigned numbers signed numbers floating point values and strings 3 2 Data Formats Type Name Description BOOL Boolean A single bit It can contain only the values Oor 1 BYTE Byte A string of 8 consecuive bits Byte values are used where the value of the data is not as important as the bit patterns shifts and rotates WORD Word A string of 16 consecutive bits Word values are used where the value of the data is not as important as the bit patterns shifts and rotates DWORD Double A string of 32 consecutive bits Dword values are used where the Word value of the data is not as important as the bit patterns shifts and rotates INT Integer A 16 bit signed value Integers are used where the value of the data is expected to be in the range of 32 768 to 432 767 SINT Short An 8 bit signed value Short Integers are used where the value of Integer the data is expected to be in the range of 128 to 127 DINT Double A 32 bit signed val
35. T EA M EE Se c hr rcd 52 2 12 2 Configuring Shift and Rotate Elements 52 2 12 39 Shift VS ROTC EE 53 2 13 Data Move Elements iure ed dE EE Ed pes ib uer ril be fle iles 55 ERKENNEN ECH EE 55 213 2 Multi Data MOVES ii iine to teb tec SEENEN 62 2 13 3 Multi Rotate Data Moves ssssssssssssneene I IIR n eR Hen nne nenne sen ness nna si sessi sessi nens 65 2 14 Set Real Time Clock Elemeht cete eee doe un eme sve i Rege ENNEN 68 2 15 Network Elements 2 SEENEN bac elei EE ESA 69 245 1 NetGet Words iue ei Dri E E stone Dessin cir DD e DOR Lga 69 2 15 2 Net Put Words uibs Ete he opel eere uses a a Ue o ERR E 69 2453 Net Get Fleartbeal nine siet eevee SEA SEENEN notiande be EEE REENER 70 2154 Net Put Heartbeat x1 ner eie bei EE E See 70 2 16 String Handling Elements AAA 71 CW lette cce e eer curii EE 71 2 16 2 Special Characters Gring 71 2417 Gommu nication Elemehts iip etes beg saeans ncaa te cdusanevec bons coke be Aa ENA GESi 73 2 17 1 Configuring Serial Port Elements Communication 73 2 18 Special Elements 2 cete NENNEN ENEE vede aa E NEEN NEEN 80 P KR EE 80 2 18 2 Stepper Move Element 80 2 18 3 Stepcalc Motion Profile Calculator men 82 GER NM PID E CG 83 2 19 Misc llan amp ous El amp irents icr ar emeret EE EE Ee 89 GE NR e ein lu EC 89 GHAPTER 3 GSCAPE DATA TYPES iiiter et ra Er PORE De OE Robb EN SERA 91 3 1 REENEN 91 3 2
36. be displayed Additionally the actual number of displayed digits should be less than the number of digits reserved Those digits may be centered or left justified as specified by this field e Font Specifies font used to display numeric value e Format Specifies format on how the numeric data is displayed Binary each digit represents the binary state of the corresponding bit of the input value Decimal displays register value as unsigned value Signed Decimal displays register value as signed value Hexidecimal displays register value as hexidecimal 0 F Real Floating Point displays register value as floating point value xx xx must be associated to a 32 bit register which contains a number in IEEE float format Scientific Notation displays register value in scientific notation x xxetxx e Digits Specifies the maximum number of digits to display If the actual value is too large to fit in the number specified an overflow indicator will be displayed as discussed below Note that the object must also be sized large enough for all of the specified digits to be displayed This can easily be determined by comparing the number characters visually displayed by the editor with the number of digits specified e Decimal Place For decimal formats a decimal point is visually placed in the display at this location and does not effect the 16 32 bit signed value numerically For floating point format this field will determi
37. best done by placing the PID Element into the MANUAL mode make a small change in cv and then plot the change in Pv For slow processes this can be done manually but a strip chart recorder might be helpful The change in cv is large enough to cause a measurable change in Pv but not so large as to completely disrupt the process being controlled The plot looks similar to the above graphic and K Tc and Tp are easily measurable b Tune the Process If K Tc and Tp are known we can use the following equations can be used to estimate starting values for Kp Ki and Kd in a Proportional Integral Derivative PID control Kp 1 2 Tc K Tp Ki 0 6 Tc K Tp Tp Kd 0 6 Tc K Tc and Tp are time units It is important to ensure that both are expressed in identical units i e milliseconds seconds hours or whatever time frame is appropriate to the process However for use in the Cscape PID TUNE dialog these values must be expressed 10mS intervals eg 100 10mS 100 1 second If Proportional only control Ki and Kd 0 is desired use the equation Kp Tc K Tp Or for Proportional Integral control Kd 0 use the equations Tc K Tp Kp Tp Kp 0 9 Ki 0 3 These equations are known as the Ziegler Nichols tuning method which were developed by John Zeigler and Nathaniel Nichols in the 1940 s PAGE 142 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 12 NOTES MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE
38. bit registers displays the number of bytes used by the currently loaded system text screens SR17 SR18 I O Configuration Size Low and High Ladder Read Text Read This 32 bit registers displays the number of bytes used by the currently loaded I O configuration SR19 SR20 Network Configuration Size Low and High Ladder Read Text Read This 32 bit registers displays the number of bytes used by the currently loaded network configuration SR21 SR22 Security Data Size Low and High Ladder Read Text Read This 32 bit registers displays the number of bytes used by the currently loaded security data SR23 Program CRC Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the CRC value used for error detection for the currently loaded program SR24 User Text CRC Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the CRC value used for error detection for the currently loaded user text screens and text tables SR25 System Text CRC Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the CRC value used for error detection for the currently loaded system text Screens PAGE 100 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 SR26 SR27 SR28 SR29 SR30 SR31 SR32 SR33 CH 5 UO Configuration CRC Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the CRC value used for error detection for the currently loaded I O configuration Network Configuration CRC Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the CRC value used for error detection for the cur
39. byte WORDs Right by 1 R2 gt R1 R3 gt R2 DWORDs Right by 1 R3 R4 gt R1 R2 R5 96R6 gt R3 R4 IN This is the BIT BYTE WORD or DWORD to shift into the array OUT This is the last BIT BYTE WORD or DWORD shifted out of the array C Examples Multi Shift Word Moves The graphic below is used with the following examples of Multi Shift Word Moves 4TU1 1DIR left 2R100 1IN OUT rz R200 MULTI SHIFT WORD Illustrates Example 1 2 and 3 EXAMPLE 1 Start with the registers in the following state R1 1 R2 2 R3 3 R4 4 R5 5 T1 TRUE R100 123 R200 0 PAGE 64 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 After one scan with power flow to the function high R1 123 R2 1 R3 2 R4 3 R5 4 T1 TRUE R100 123 R200 5 After a second scan with power flow to the function high R1 123 R2 123 R3 1 R4 2 R5 3 T1 TRUE R100 123 R200 4 Notice the flow of data from the input though the array of WORDS R1 to R5 and finally to the output EXAMPLE 2 Start again with the registers in the following state R1 1 R2 2 R3 3 R4 4 R5 5 9eT1 TRUE R100 123 R200 0 After one scan with power flow high change the input R100 to 456 R1 123 R2 1 R3 2 R4 3 R5 4 9eT1 TRUE R100 456 R200 5 After a second scan with power flow to the function high R1 456 R2 123 R3 1 R4 2 R5 3 9eT1 TRUE R100 456 R200 4 MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 65 CH 2 EXAMPLE 3 Start
40. coil This allows ladder to easily control the screen number being shown on the display When a coil is used as a screen display coil there are two options force screen and switch screen Force Screen This displays a screen as long as the coil is active This will override any other user screen being displayed If more than one force screen is active at one time the one that appears last in the ladder program is the one that is displayed When a screen is being forced its screen number can be read from SR2 the alarm screen number Switch Screen This allows the ladder program to switch the operator to a screen but does not force this screen to remain active The operator may choose to switch screen after the screen switch using various navigation methods menus screen jumps scrolling Only one switch screen coil should be active at one time If a switch screen is active and another one becomes active it will have no affect however writing to SR1 will change the screen while the switch screen is active NOTE Power does not flow through the display coil See Next 2 4 2 How to Create a Display Coil To create a display screen start with a coil display_screen_45 EM JY 470056 Enter 96D then the screen number or press the Screen gt button to see the screen picker PAGE 22 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 1 0 Point Ea Address 00045 Name Edit Screen Force Screen 5R2 C Switch Screen SA1 OK
41. converts the DINT 32 bit value in IN1 to a INT 16 bit value in o Note that IN1 is a 32 bit value and Q is a 16 bit value MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 47 CH 2 2 11 Timer and Counters The timers and counters are control register based Each element requires two 2 consecutive registers Configuring Timer Elements To configure the element double click it and then select the proper values from the configuration dialog box Timer Timer Address 1 tee g2 Mame timer 1 3 On Delay i Resolution c of Delay Retentive Setpoint PT Xr45 dci Name time set v Cancel Configuring Timer Elements Timer Address Type in the Register Type and Offset to be used by this timer Each timer requires two 2 consecutive addresses PT Setpoint This is the timeout period expressed in timebase units For example if the resolution timebase value is 100 milliseconds and the timeout value is 20 the timeout period is 2000 milliseconds or 2 seconds This entry can also use a Register reference Resolution This is the timebase value Use the drop down list to select either 10 milliseconds or 100 milliseconds PAGE 48 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 On Delay Off Delay This selects the action of the timer Retentive Only the ON DELAY TIMER can be marked as retentive Covered later in this section Reset Input Address If the timer is retentive this defines the Register Type and Offset used to reset the t
42. e Functionality This object continuously samples the specified controller register The sampled value is then visually scaled between the high and low limits with the high limit setting the needle to the rightmost position and the low limit setting the needle to the leftmost position Object Display Attributes None MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 189 CH 16 Static Bitmap Displays single bitmap Pick Bitmap Edit Bitmap gt gt gt W Scale to fit OK Cancel Figure 16 23 Bitmap Properties Object Specific Properties e Pick Bitmap Displays a dialog that allows the user to access a bitmap file e Edit Bitmap Invokes configured bitmap editor with selected bitmap Note that the Tools Set Bmp Editor must be configured to the file location of a bitmap bmp editor Generally this is MS Paint which is supplied as part of the Windows or NT operating system e Scale to Fit Resizes as imported bitmap to match the bounds of object If not selected the object s lower right bounds are recalculated to match the bitmap s dimensions If the bitmap is larger than the screen it is clipped appropriately Object Behavior e Functionality Allows insertion of a Window s Bitmap file BMP on to a display screen The bitmap is painted once when the screen is initialized Object Display Attributes None PAGE 190 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 Animation E Displays bitmap frame based on enumerated value of cont
43. many times an alarm occurs The count only increments when the pending bit goes from low to high To count another alarm event the alarm must be acknowledged cleared and reactivated When the count reaches a maximum of 255 it no longer changes until reset This count can be reset by writing directly to this portion of the register using one of the BYTE instructions C Active This bit is set by the user s ladder program to indicate an alarm condition has occurred For example if the alarm is to indicate an over temperature condition have the ladder logic perform a compare function and then set this bit if the compare indicates the temperature is greater than a setpoint PAGE 18 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 d Pending This bit is set by the function block when an alarm has occurred active bit goes from high to low and the alarm has not been cleared e Acknowledge This bit is set by the function block after a pending alarm has been acknowledged 2 2 8 User Interface Settings When alarms are displayed one or more alarms pending and power flow enabled to the block there are four inputs that control the user interface to the function block These inputs have no affect if there are no pending alarms or if there is no power flow to the alarm handler function block a Next When this input transitions from low to high the next higher alarm number pending alarm is shown on the display If the highest alarm is displayed the al
44. may not be exactly as determined using the mathematics described It is suggested to try some experiments using known values from the process and see what values they actually convert to The converted values should be close to ideal but may vary by several counts Use the actual values in your ladder code and do not insist on the absolute ideals Analog values can drift with time and temperature While the SmartStack modules have very little analog circuitry to drift the analog input signal might If readings appear to drift from the normal values determined experimentally suspect problems at the source of the voltage not in the SmartStack module 9 9 Noise Noise plays a large role in any analog installation Noise must be reduced to an absolute minimum especially where 14 bit and 16 bit converters are used Sources of noise include power supply ripple hum and switching noise electromagnetically induced noise noise picked up when the wires in the System acts as an antenna and ground induced noise ground loops Most of the noise is produced by the input source itself not the ADC The greater the ADC resolution the smaller the acceptable noise value Given a 10 volts range and a 10 bit ADC the noise level could be as great as 0 02 volts 20 millivolts but using a 12 bit converter the noise is kept below 5 millivolts A pure input source zero noise is impossible Some noise creeps into the system even with exceptional e
45. not produce the expected results MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 45 CH 2 It is an error to attempt to convert a large number into a type which can contain that number This occurs most often when converting DINT to INT but can also occur when converting REAL to either INT or DINT If this overflow occurs there is no power flow through the element and the result is undefined 2 10 8 Configuring Conversion Elements INTEGER TO REAL Conversion Int To Real This converts the INT 16 bit value in IN1 to a REAL 32 bit value in o Note that IN1 is a 16 bit value and Q is a 32 bit value DOUBLE INTEGER TO REAL Conversion Dint To Real This converts the DINT 82 bit value in IN1 to a REAL 32 bit value in Q Note that IN1 is a 32 bit value and Q is a 32 bit value REAL TO INTEGER Conversion Real To Int This converts the REAL 32 bit value in IN1 to a INT 16 bit value in o Note that IN1 is a 32 bit value and Q is a 16 bit value PAGE 46 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 REAL TO DOUBLE INTEGER Conversion Real To Dint This converts the REAL 32 bit value in IN1 to a DINT 32 bit value in Q Note that IN1 is a 32 bit value and Q is a 32 bit value INTEGER TO DOUBLE INTEGER Conversion Int To Dint This converts the INT 16 bit value in IN1 to a DINT 32 bit value in o Note that IN1 is a 16 bit value and Q is a 32 bit value DOUBLE INTEGER TO INTEGER Conversion Dint To Int This
46. o Output values are expressed in RADIANS Q ATAN IN1 Exponentiate EXPONENTIATE This function raises IN1 to the IN2 power and places the result in Q Q IN1 Common Logarithm ELEMENT LOG This function determines the common base 10 logarithm of IN1 and places that value into Q Q LOG IN1 Exponent EXPONENT This function determines the value of e the base of natural logarithms raised to the IN1 power and places the result in Q Q e PAGE 34 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 Natural Logarithm ELEMENT LN This function determines the natural log of IN1 and places the result in Q Q LN IN1 Scaling Q 2R14 SCALING Note Scaling works only with INT and Floating Point real numbers If Double Integer values are used it is necessary to convert inputs to Real format before scaling and possibly convert the scaled value back to Double Integer Cases often a rise when numbers on one scale need to be translated to another scale For example the raw output of a level transmitter needs to be converted into a 0 to 100 percent scale Doing so is called scaling In the Scaling Element configuration dialog select a Register Type and Offset reference or select a Named Variable that is the raw Input Value The Minimum and Maximum Ranges indicted the expected or nominal values that the Input can be expected to attain This is the range of values that corresponds to the expected output range S
47. object s trend display area each sample consumes one screen pixel s width The editor will display the width and height respectively of the object s trend display area in a small white box on the trend object The user may use the width dimension to determine the total number of samples that the trend object can display There is a limit to the number of standard and retentive type trend objects supported in a program The limit is actually based on the number of configured pens which is 16 for the retentive trends and an overall limit of 32 pens for any mix of standard and retentive trends Object Display Attributes Border X Y Graph IT Creates and formats a X Y Graph which represent variations of a variable in comparison to variations of one or more other variables A number of values can be plotted or located by means of x y coordinates Up to 4 different variations registers can be graphed using Configure Pens A Trigger Refresh address is required to reset the registers and reactivate t he plotting process Graph Properties Number of Values 10 106 to Plot Trigger Configure Pens gt gt gt Address kat Name l Axis Properties gt gt gt Display Properties Attributes gt gt gt Background Color gt gt gt i Legend gt gt gt Line Color gt gt gt a Figure 16 27 X Y Graph Properties Object Specific Properties e Number of values to plot Actual number of consecutive
48. or Process Variable PV generate a Control Variable cv such that PV is driven towards and eventually stabilized at a value equal to the SP This is done as rapidly as possible and with minimum fluctuations about the final value In order to meet these goals the PID system must be tuned That is proper values must be selected for Kp Ki and Kd such that for any disruption in the process the process is returned to the desired value as quickly and as accurately as possible These two requirements are usually mutually exclusive A process can be controlled quickly but with less accuracy or slower but more accurate It is up to the process engineer to determine the optimal compromise between these two points and make adjustment to the PID function tune it accordingly PID Tuning is considered difficult PAGE 140 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 12 Users often use the trial and error method of tuning Adjust the Kp Ki and Kd parameters and watch the process handle the next disturbance If the control of the process is adequate quit Otherwise tweak another control and try again This process is time consuming An experienced process engineer usually has some feel for the process and can make better estimates of the PID values This is easier if the relationships among Kp Ki and Kd are understood Simply put the Kp proportional control is the major factor in controlling the loop Most loops can be brought into approximate control using Propor
49. process As the Process Variable approaches steady state the Integral Error value becomes more important and thus serves to reduce the offset introduced by the Proportional control The problem with Integral control is that it does not respond well to quick changes in either the Setpoint or Process Variable Although Integral control helps keep the process at a particular Setpoint if either the Setpoint or Process Variable changes quickly the Integral control has little effect PAGE 138 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 12 New Offset is Reduced Process or Eliminated Variable vm Integral Component 7 Many processes respond well to Proportional plus Integral Control In this case Bias is reduced to 0 zero 12 6 Derivative Control The Derivative Control is introduced to handle quick changes in the process The Derivative Control produces yet a third error signal based on the s ope of the Error or how much the error value changes in a given time period When a change is first requested the Error Slope is relatively steep and the Derivative portion of the error is significant As the process reaches steady state the Error Slope will be shallow and the effect of the Derivative control is reduced Settling Time Shortened New Lisci GE MEER d pM T Process Variable Derivative o TA oe 12 7 PID Proportional only control is sufficient for a large number of proces
50. queued with the last 16 jumps being stored Once all of the screen jumps are popped from the queue the ESC key will not effect the last remaining screen The ESC key only restores previous screens if the current privilege level is at USER Pressing the ESC key when the current privilege level is at ALARM will NOT cause a screen change or effect the screen jump queue Note that the queue is automatically flushed if the USER screen SR1 is changed remotely ladder Switch Screen coil or network f Screen cursor run time Screens that contain Text Data objects that are editable o Binary objects whose keypress source is set to cursor selectable will display an object cursor This cursor will be visible as a dashed line around the bounding rectangle of the currently selected object On the initial display of a screen the upper leftmost object selectable will be selected The operator with the use of the arrow keys can select a different selectable object Once an object is selected an additional keystroke will be required to enter the object s editor For Text Data objects an alpha numeric key will invoke the selected objects editor For Binary objects the Edit Enter key will begin the binary input action When selecting objects the direction of the arrow key pressed defines the direction of cursor movement The OCS250 will attempt to select the closest object in that direction When determining the closest object the only objects consider
51. read written or both by the object This section may contain up to three fields The first field contains the action register designation i e R12 The second field allows the register selection by alias name The third field is only present on objects that accept multiple data sizes and is used to select binary 1bit or analog 8 16 or 32 bits b Keypress Source Section On objects i e switch that require additional binary input from the operator in the form of a keypress a keypress source section is present This section allows selection of a softkey OCS register function key or external switch or touch selection for touch screen models For models that support softkeys the keys that are labeled and on each side of the physical display area function as softkeys When selecting this option the object attaches to the closest available softkey In addition the object visually contains a pointer to direct the operator to the appropriate softkey Only one object per screen can be attached to any particular softkey Softkeys are only available to the graphics portion of the application Alternately an OCS register s can be used for operator input such as the Function keys F1 F10 addresses k1 k10 that are located below the display area However since Function keys are available to either the ladder or graphics portion of the application use care to avoid overlapping functionality Since any OCS register with the appropri
52. screen and should contain a screen number between 0 and 300 SR2 is modified when the Switch Screen ladder coil Force Screen is used to display an ALARM screen The ALARM screen is removed once the associated Switch Screen ladder coil no longer passes power SR2 returns to zero SR3 controls the highest priority or SYSTEM MENU screen and should contain either a 0 or a 1 SR3 is modified when the front panel systemkeys are used to display the system menu The SYSTEM MENU is removed once the operator presses the ESC key to exit SR3 returns to zero MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 161 CH 16 Generally registers SR1 3 are not accessed directly by the operator but may be used to monitor the current display level An example is when the ladder application may be used to block screens power Switch Screen coil if SR1 is equal to certain screen numbers to create a password privilege scheme d Screen control with Screen Jump Object From the operators view screen navi gation on the OCS250 is different from the text based models in that the operator is no longer is required to incrementally index through the screens with the OCS arrow keys The OCS250 provides a Screen Jump object that may be tied to a specific key or VO point to activate a screen switch jump This provides a more structured or directed way of navigating through screens Screen Jump objects can be displayed on a screen as individual objects or grouped to create virtual menus Vi
53. the OCS registers In operation one can enter experimental values into the Motion Profile Calculator The calculator then determines whether or not the values are valid for the Stepper Move element and if they are then key values are presented to see if the move is within the capabilities of the stepper motor hardware Finally one can view a graph or profile of the intended move Velocity Resolution Base Velocity Running Velocity Acceleration Time and Deceleration Time are allvalues that are intended to be placed into the corresponding Stepper Controller Registers through the Stepper Move element In order for StepCalc to operate these values must be entered The Number of Pulses entry is optional This value is used if a trapezoidal move is to be profiled Possible values for this entry are in the range 0 to 416777215 Entering O zero is used to profile JOG or TRIANGULAR moves The other entries are adjusted and the profile recalculated The maximum possible settings are VELOCITY RESOLUTION Values range from 20 to 65535 ASE VELOCITY Values range from 1 to 8190 UNNING VELOCITY Values range from 2 to 8191 Value must be greater than BASE VELOCITY CCELERATION TIME Values range from 1 to 27300 ECELERATION TIME Values range from 0 to 27300 B R A D These values may be more severely limited by the other values entered into the calculator StepCalc issues
54. those for AQ This information is used in the configuration screen In this example the Stepper Controller lives at address AQ01 and requires seven 7 consecutive registers This information belongs in the Stepper Starting AQ box of the element configuration screen NOTE If the module and the element are configured to accept Indexed Moves the element requires fourteen 14 consecutive Ao registers PAGE 82 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 First ensure that the SmartStack module is free to operate by checking the Status Bits 11 to 116 If any Error Bit is set the source of the error must be cleared and the CLEAR ERRORS command issued Condition of the Status Bits depends on the previous command Do not issue a new command except the IMMEDIATE STOP of DECELERATE AND STOP command until the previous command has completed When this element receives power the values from the configured constants or registers are loaded into the STP100 preparing it for the next command Technically the actual write operation does not take place until the next I O cycle NOTE DO NOT execute the Stepper Move element until the previous command is complete Commands are issued by setting the appropriate command bit in the Stepper Modules Q address space after the Stepper Move element has completed 2 18 3 Stepcalc Motion Profile Calculator Cscape contains a built in Motion Profile Calculator NOTE Use of the Motion Profile Calculator does not effect
55. to be adjusted with a simulated slider and or trim buttons Color Touch models Object Specific Properties e Show scale limits e Enables display of specified limits on ends of slide scale e Scale limits Font Font used to display limits e Scale limits Maximum and Minimum Establishes the range of the slider object Slider limits value output value based on these limits during movement only e Ticks Specifies the number of tick marks divisions displayed on slide scale If tick marks are not desired set number to zero e Show slider Enables sizes object the slider control If only trim buttons are desired un select this option e Show inc dec buttons Enables sizes object the trim buttons If only the slider control is desired un select this option Object operation is not defined with both Show slider and Show inc dec buttons un selected Object Behavior e Controller Register Only accepts register references on 16 bit boundaries Treats register as 16 bit signed integer e Functionality Slider This object continuously samples the specified controller register and updates the slider position appropriately On slider movement by touch the controller register is updated with a value proportional to the position of the slider with respect to the upper and lower limit On touch the slider color will invert to acknowledge that it is responding to movement The slider is represented in 3D when enabled e Functiona
56. 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 135 CH 12 CHAPTER 12 PID CONTROLS 12 1 Terminology Some terms need to be defined in order for a meaningful discussion of PID performance to be presented PID Setpoint Control Variable Process Variable Bias Proportional Control Integral Control Derivative Control K Process Open Loop Gain as figured by PVstep Cvstep Kp Proportional Gain This is the amount of Error Value that is ultimately fed back to the system Sometimes called Controller Gain Kc Ki Integral Gain Actually a time period defining how often the Error is integrated Faster time is the equivalent of higher gain in the Integral portion Kd Derivative Gain This tells how much of the rate of change is fed back to the system SP Setpoint This is the value that the the process needs to reach and maintain PV Process Variable This is the measured output of the process temperature pressure etc CV Control Variable This is the result of the PID function which is applied to the process in order to control it This value contains components of Proportional Integral Derivative and Bias 12 2 Overview In a typical industrial process one often wants to control some parameter of a process such as heat or pressure This can be done in an open loop fashion Control Variable Process Variable Process Controller NON LOOPED CONTROL In such a system the Process Controller accepts some value from the
57. 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 27 CH 2 2 6 Math Operations NOTE The Math Operations work on INT 16 bit or DINT 32 bit SIGNED integer values and REAL floating point values 2 6 1 Performance INT 16 bit and DINT 32 bit operations are very close to each other in performance and can be used interchangeably without noticeably affecting the OCS s performance REAL floating point operations always take more time to execute and can be significantly slower than the INT or DINT counter part Try to keep values in INT or DINT format whenever possible and for as long as possible For example temperatures are often measured using a thermocouple whose values are converted to binary form by a Thermocouple Interface SmartStack module The value obtained from the Thermocouple Interface module is always in INT 16 bit format even though it represents a fractional number of degrees The first thought is to convert the binary value to its Real value degrees and fractions of degree However it is more likely that any necessary mathematical operations can be written to use this raw value saving any conversion to a Real value if and when the value is displayed to the user Power flow through these elements is ON or TRUE if the element completes properly Power Flow is OFF or FALSE if an error occurs such as overflow underflow divide by zero 2 6 2 Configuring Math Operation Elements To configure the element double click it and then enter the Regis
58. 2 3 Proportional ContrOl seas sncesctcus codeine rete Potest te tehb eo pet iet Pe ea ter anc ORE o bea eO Rot Ee obe ER EDEN 136 ES E EE 137 12 5 Integral Control ere ect eme v teo ge eee i pede eee A dun e ep de px dee ANE 137 12 6 Derivative Control ccce eo petes tenia eot bet SEENEN Po De EE eC LR Ma ve e NE eR RE EMER NEESS 138 IPAE pP UCET 138 12 8 TUNING PID LOOPS wince i i A de pare NEEN ee d ENEE 139 CHAPTER 19 U PDATING FIBMWARE 2 1 5 n hetero dot KEE REI eX ER betr 143 I Generale EE 143 19 2 Update Wizard EE 144 CHAPTER 14 SHORTCUT KEYS IN CGSCAPE AAA 147 14 1 Shortcut Key Assignments ei ee ie eet Een oix veri REE E E Y e 147 CHAPTER 15 TEXT CHARACTER caise iaces itta eite RE hoi coo n Re DL RA ODORE ER RM OQ MEME Re NM CE dde AE 149 CHAPTER 16 GRAPHIG EDITOR taire turre i vate dette SEENEN p E eA px DERE EA Red eR ORE 151 16 1 Graphical OVervigW ciet eee teint pola eR eee ote vera brin EE 151 16 2 Object DescriptiOn ciet co tec tb eet nb eo ot Dee ea Ee et Mat teh o ED ete Pea Ee det band 151 16 3 Object Placement dng 152 16 4 ObDject Grouping WE 153 16 5 Object Properties 5i et oot nba vec bet E b eo ten Pete ne Dna d MER De EO RE NERO nada ee dead 155 16 6 Screen Description eei eite eee copre ei eren cte REPRE Lea EAT EAI En AAEE EIA E en NEEN 160 16 7 Toolb r Refererice eee eie pori eine rabie EE 162 16 7 1 Ke Eat Le 163 16 752 OQDjSCt Eo LE Pet 164 16 7
59. 2049 to 9999 can currently only be used by move ladder instructions PAGE 94 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 4 Graphic OCS Models Resource OCS250 0CS3xx 96l Registers 2048 2048 Q Registers 2048 2048 96Al Registers 512 512 AQ Registers 512 512 IG Registers 64 0 64 0 QG Registers 64 0 64 0 AIG Registers 32 16 32 16 AQG Registers 32 16 32 16 T Registers 2048 2048 M Registers 2048 2048 R Registers 9999 9999 K Registers 10 5 D Registers 300 300 96S Registers 16 16 SR Registers 64 64 Ladder Code Memory 128K 256K Graphic Objects Memory 256K 256K String Memory 128K 128K Text Table Memory 128K 128K Bitmap Memory 256K 256K Display 240x128 LCD 320x240 LCD graphic STN or TFT Colors 16 16 Keypad 36 6 Screens 300 300 Fields per Screen 50 50 Text Tables 200 200 Items per Table 20 20 RCS Models have no display or keypad but the remote text term still allows viewing a virtual display and keypad from Cscape Devicenet models have 16 network words and no network bits Device without networking capabilities have no network registers Extended R registers from 2049 to 9999 can currently only be used by move ladder instructions MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 95 CH 4 RCS Models Resource MiniRCS RCS210 96l Registers 2048 2048 Q Registers 2048 2048 96Al Registers 512 512 AQ Registers 512 512 IG Registers 64 0 64 0 QG Registers 64 0 64 0 AIG Registers 32 16 32 16 AQG Registers 32 1
60. 6 32 16 T Registers 2048 2048 M Registers 2048 2048 R Registers 2048 2048 K Registers 10 12 D Registers 200 200 S Registers 16 16 SR Registers 64 64 Ladder Code memory 64K 64K Display 2x20 Virtual 4x20 Virtual Keypad 17 Virtual 32 Virtual Screens 200 200 Fields per Screen 16 16 Text Tables 200 200 Items per Table 20 20 RCS Models have no display or keypad but the remote text term still allows viewing a virtual display and keypad from Cscape Devicenet models have 16 network words and no network bits Device without networking capabilities have no network registers Extended R registers from 2049 to 9999 can currently only be used by move ladder instructions 4 3 Using More than 2048 R Registers Some controllers contain additional battery back RAM for extending R registers beyond 2048 Currently these additional registers beyond 2048 can only be used by move ladder instructions This allows ladder based data logging recipes or general storage to take advantage of the additional retentive memory The following is a list of instructions enabled for extended R registers Move Block Move Block Fill Indirect Move Move Constant Data Other features of Cscape that support the extended R registers include I O name management setpoints watch window debug and element usage Note These extended registers can not currently be directly displayed on the text or graphics display or accessed by enhan
61. A axis 30 A axis 5 Y avis 32 Y axis 4 Figure 16 10 Grid Settings Dialog MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 169 CH 16 16 9 The primary grid specifications control the grid lines while the secondary grid specifications control the grid markers The X and Y axis fields specify the number of pixels to the next grid line marker not including starting grid pixel The Show grid checkboxes simply control whether the associated grid line marker is displayed The Snap to grid checkboxes will follow or control the Snap to primary secondary grid buttons on the tool bar Object Reference Static Text Used to display text anywhere on screen Static Text Properties Text Justification Text ecc Cu Cows eck el o A V Vertical Text reet Special Char gt gt gt reet Special Char gt gt gt Char gt gt gt 3D Sunken F 3D Raised 8 f Background Color gt gt gt None Font Type Font Test Color EN Display pose Figure 16 11 Static Text Properties Object Specific Properties e Caption Actual text is displayed on screen Object will auto wrap lines to fit object Text too large to fit screen will be truncated e Justification Specifies the location of the caption in the bounding rectangle Action duplicates legend placement as in objects that support Legends e Vertical Text Text is placed in a vertical row Return is placed after each character e
62. AGE 124 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 9 For the third example assume an input voltage of EXACTLY 0 000 volts and a noise level of 6 millivolts In this case the instantaneous voltage ranges from 0 003 to 0 003 volts The converted binary values are 2047 2048 or 2049 depending on when the conversion takes place This is often called bobble Due the acknowledged presence of noise in the system a small amount of bobble is acceptable but must be accounted for The goal is to keep the amount of bobble to 1 binary count from the expected value This would represent a noise level less than 1 LSB or less than 5 millivolts in the above example More noise and thus more bobble is acceptable in some systems Bobble in the converted values is normalized In the above example each bobble in the converted binary reading represents 16 counts 1 count in the normalized value In the above examples a binary reading of 2048 is normalized to 0000 1 a binary value of 2047 is normalized to 0016 1 and a binary value of 2049 is normalize to 0016 1 In order to accept this amount of noise in the System use ladder logic to bracket the value for 0 000 volts presumably 0000 between 0017 and 0017 Of course the acceptable noise level is determined in part by the ADC resolution Using a 10 bit converter instead of the 12 bit converter increases the acceptable noise levels by a factor of four See Also Thermocouple A
63. C Right se Font Time Date Format HH mm Editable I 3D Sunken Display Properties Attributes gt gt gt Background Color gt gt gt Legend gt gt gt LneCoo Data Color gt gt gt HZ Cancel Figure 16 13 Time Date Data Properties PAGE 173 PAGE 174 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 Object Specific Properties e Justification Specifies the location within the object s rectangular bounds that the time or date will be displayed e Font Specifies font used to display the time or data value e Format Specifies how the time or date will be displayed A drop down menu displays a variety of combinations which can be displayed the following defines the format codes HH Hour 24 hour mode mmm month Jan Dec hh Hour 12 hour mode mm month 01 12 mm Minutes dd day 01 31 ss Seconds yy year 96 95 xM AM PM indicator yyyy year 1996 2095 e Editable This checkbox allows the object to be selected and the time or date value to be changed e 3D Sunken 3D Raised Adds 3D dimensions to the object if desired Object Behavior e Control register starting reference of 3 consecutive registers This object may be reference to SR44 to access system time SR47 to access system date or any 16 bit boundary that uses 48 consecutive bits for the format specified Time Format Date Format register16 0 seconds day of month register16 1 mi
64. Data Forialts emet netos coc E REOR Inti ic DIDI IX i enit DU Re OI D PNIS Ub ri deRito c cule 91 Sidi StOAGES el EE 92 CHAPTER 4 AVAILABLE CONTROLLER RESOURCES nennen nen eese sessi sese 93 4 1 OVEIVIOW PRRECINU M 93 4 2 Tablesof Internal Resources oie reto toto eee tete tetur eiie ENEE EENS AA 93 4 3 Using More than 2048 R Registers cece cece eee eect eee eect eee eeee eee mee n ene n nhe 95 CHAPTER S SYSTEM REGISTERS 1 tiit ibt i toa coste he PEE S EORR ER e Eo AR Dl A e LA d gn 97 5 1 Gen Sia RR NEPTIS 97 5 2 SyStem Fleglslers eere p n ERE e ERR NH De aM aS 97 CHAPTER 6 HARDWARE REFERENCES WIRING DIAGRAMS PIN OUTS ETC 109 6 1 Hardware Refererees x 1 oco a onde cete Ene ete eee reni r aca eee DU oa e Re e n ene PATER E 109 CHAPTER 7 FLOATING POINT REAL NUMBERS ssssssssssseses essen hene enne 111 CHAPTER 8 STP100 SMARTSTACK MODULE ccccccecceeeeeceecneceeeseneeeneneeeneneeeneneeeneneeeneneees 113 8 1 ELE ctus elut Ed du Ame D i Lm LULA eb dimi EN ETE a 113 8 2 Gommand Bilss ee e e vette boten e vibe aa ed eee Bese attests 113 9 8 e Ferlens eene trt Leer mo rer dei reet Aet ale 114 8 4 Position Feedback Registers AAA 114 8 5 Gommand Data Outputs cecina era crie amies ET ENEEENEEENEEE ENEE EEN 115 8 6 Indexed MOVBS 4d Rt be tenent 116 87r Bung RE il EE 117 CHAPTER 9 USING ANALOG VALUES WITH CSCAPE AND
65. E 147 CH 14 CHAPTER 14 SHORTCUT KEYS IN CSCAPE 14 4 Shortcut Key Assignments Table 14 1 Shortcut Key Assignments Open Existing File Paste Selected Elements Find a Register Replace a Register Redo last undo ove selection to the left object M Move selection to the right object Move selection up to the next object Move selection down to the next object Edits selected object Scrolls screen left crolls screen right Scrolls screen down PAGE 148 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 14 NOTES MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 CH 15 CHAPTER 15 TEXT CHARACTER The following Text Character Chart is provided Select a Character to Insert PAGE 149 LUTTE BSEC CDI de Figure 15 1 ASCII Chart PAGE 150 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 15 NOTES MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 151 CH 16 CHAPTER 16 GRAPHIC EDITOR 16 1 Graphical Overview When the Cscape editor s target is configured for the Graphical Display Mode and the Screens View Edit Screens menu function is selected a graphical screen development environment is provided that is different than that provided when configured for text based OCS models Fields and alignment are no longer restricted to characters and character positions but are now graphical representations with unrestricted placement With the higher pixel resolution of the graphics screen more information can be displayed at one time over that of the text based systems Because powerful tools ar
66. E 182 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 Object Display Attributes Border static Flash static or dynamic ON Color gt gt gt OFF Color gt gt gt Allows the selection of colors to denote ON and OFF states of the Indicators ON Color OFF Color Switch Displays and formats a switch that is associated with a write register Switch Properties xi Controller Register Keypress Source S Attach to nearest soft key E Auxiliary Register Name m Address Name J Switch Type Standard J Action Momentary J Touch Screen IV Legend Plate Return to last screen after press V 3D Bezel Indicator Properties Display Properties Attributes gt gt gt Background Color gt gt gt Legend Line Color Figure 16 19 Switch Properties Object Specific Properties e Keypress Source Specifies the location of the source for the switch This may be either a softkey or an auxiliary register e Touch Screen Used with OCS3xx models e Switch Type Specifies the type of display animation ICON Standard Round Square or Rocker MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 183 CH 16 e Switch Action Specifies the switch action emulated when the keypress source is pressed Momentary Controller register will be set ON will key is down When key is released controller register will be set OFF ON Controller register will be set ON when key is pressed OFF
67. Error Check This causes the editor to do an error check on the graphics objects without leaving the graphics editor Snap to Primary Grid When pressed the concurrent insertion and moving of an object will cause that object to size and position itself to the nearest primary grid lines The Static Text object and drawing primitives are not effected by this button The primary grid is factory defaulted to size objects proportionally to the softkeys on each side of the display screen Snap to Secondary Grid When pressed the concurrent insertion and moving of a Static Text object or drawing primitives will cause that object to size and position itself to the nearest secondary grid markers If the Snap to Primary Grid button is off when this button is pressed the remaining objects will also snap to the secondary grid markers The Snap to Primary Grid and Snap to Secondary Grid buttons are useful tools for aligning sizing and spacing multiple objects The buttons are used in relationship to the grid lines and grid markers dotted guides located between grid lines displayed on the OCS250 display Objects snapped to grid will be located ON the upper and left grids and just INSIDE the lower and right grids To modify the spacing of the primary and secondary grid access the View Grid Settings menu Grid Settings x m Primary Object Grid m Shape Secondary Object Grid M Show Grid M Show Grid Snapto Grid Snap to Grid
68. Esc key and the previous value will be restored In either case the object will leave edit mode and display the value non highlighted Hexadecimal format editing exceptions 1 All numeric keys with the exception of the 2ABC or 3DEF keys function as specified above However pressing the 2ABC or the 3DEF key consecutively will cycle through each of the key choices i e 2 A B C 2 After the 2ABC or 3DEF key is pressed the appropriated number of times to display the correct hexadecimal digit the next digit position may be selected by pressing the decimal point key MANO313 04 CH 16 17 SEP 2002 Floating Point Scientific format editing exceptions Pp Only INSERT mode is supported Each field integer decimal and exponent will limit the operator from entering more than the number of digits specified To insert a Real Floating point number insert integer digits insert a decimal point insert decimal digits To insert a Scientific number insert integer digits insert a decimal point insert decimal digits press the decimal point key again to display the E insert exponent digits Object Display Attributes Border static Flash static or dynamic Enable Input dynamic Time Data Formats the time display that is written into a register Time Data Properties EN Controller Register Address Register Width 48 bits 3 WORDs Name Data Format Justification Font b Left Center
69. HORNER APG User Manual for HE5000SW232 Cscape Programming and Reference Manual Re Order from Omegamation 4 888 2 poe ae A 888 55 ONME omegamation com 17 September 2002 MANO313 04 MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 3 PREFACE This manual explains how to use Cscape Software Copyright C 2002 Horner APG LLC 640 North Sherman Drive Indianapolis Indiana 46201 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced transmitted transcribed stored in a retrieval System or translated into any language or computer language in any form by any means electronic mechanical magnetic optical chemical manual or otherwise without the prior agreement and written permission of Horner APG Inc All software described in this document or media is also copyrighted material subject to the terms and conditions of the Horner Software License Agreement Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Horner APG Cscape SmartStacK and CsCAN are trademarks of Horner APG DeviceNet is a trademark of the Open DeviceNet Vendor Association OVDA Inc For user manual updates contact Horner APG Technical Support Division at 317 916 4274 or visit our website at www heapg com PAGE 4 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 LIMITED WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY Horner APG LLC HE APG warrants to the original purchaser that the Cscape Softwa
70. ITIALIZE Send the specified Initialization String to the modem AUTO DIAL Cause the modem to dial given the specified phone number and method tone or pulse AUTO ANSWER ON Turns ON the modem s Auto Answer features if available and sets the specified number of rings Once a modem connection is made using AUTO DIAL or AUTO ANSWER the serial send receive Modbus slave and Modbus master function blocks can be used to exchange data with a remote location If remote CSCAN communications is desired after the modem connection is established the serial port can be closed to switch back to CSCAN mode MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 77 CH 2 MODBUS SLAVE R01 Address R02 Timeout ZR 3 e cnt ZR0 4 4e buf Status FXR05 Modbus Slave PORT is the comm port previously opened by the ladder program with Protocol set to Modbus ASCII or Modbus RTU NOTE In the current release the only available comm port is Port 1 ADDRESS can be specified as either a Register Type and Offset reference or as a decimal constant with a range of 1 to 247 This specifies the Modbus address the controller uses to respond to Modbus request Timeout can be specified as either a Register Type and Offsetreference or as a decimal constant with a range of 0 to 1023 This specifies the amount of time that passes between request from the master before the in activity timeout bit is set in the status word This parameter is in terms of 100 milliseconds
71. Insert Special Character Allows insertion of special characters contained in the selected font that are not part of the ANSII character set PAGE 170 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 123 CH 16 e 3D Sunken 3D Raised Adds 3D dimensions to the object if desired Object Behavior e Background Color Under display properties the background color has an additional selection of Tran sparent that is not available on other objects This selection allows the Text object to be placed on top of other objects and only the text is painted That is the bounding rectangle is NOT filled with a background color Numeric Data Formats numeric data that is either read from a specific register or if desired is written to the register Numeric Data Properties E Controller Register Address Register Width 16 bit Name Data Format Justification Font e Left Center C Right 5x7 Font J Digits Decimal Pos Format E EI fo 4l Decimal Zero Filled Min v Editable 3D Sunken Max 65535 Re Engineering Units gt Display Properties Attributes gt gt gt Background Color gt gt gt E Legend gt gt gt Line Color gt gt gt Data Color gt gt gt Cancel Figure 16 12 Numeric Data Properties MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 171 CH 16 Object Specific Properties e Justification Specifies the location with in the object s rectangular bounds that the numeric value will
72. MAGTER eee 78 SEENEN eee a 196 MODBUS SLAVE scrisa ni nan 77 Alarm Handling Function s 16 MODEM CONTROL osen 76 Alarm Status Registers 17 OPEN COMM PORT ese 73 Power Elow 2 VONEEEHENERN EENS dive 18 Compare Elements Hegisters o edente cet edet ENER 17 Configuring eese 38 Special Status Bits sssesess 17 EQUAL nd are ete Re edge 39 SLALUS p T 19 GREATER THAN oid ieenetorcke oido b edet 39 Time Stamp Registers 18 GREATER THAN OR EQUAL 40 User Interface Settings 18 LESS THAN cere 39 Analog Conversion esee 119 LESS THAN OR EQUAL 40 Analog Values Cscape and OCS 119 Iria oen oett coti t tet Te 40 AND ect ene vest rtp ende eeu qoia elie 25 NOT EQUAL 2 KENE eee 39 AMATON EE 190 Powar F IOW 5 2 eeh A E Ate 38 AIC COSIO 5 25 Em 32 Configuration Arc Sine edd eeu ee 32 OCS Hardware 12 Are ET TEE 33 Configuration of the Stepper 80 AS Cll Data ettet R etie 178 Controller Back SGI660ll iiit feci iet iet 167 Configuration eese 12 Bar Graph nnum etm een 187 Conversion Elements 44 EI S 137 Caveats of CGonverson 44 EI EE 189 CONMTIQUTING GETT 45 BITWISE ROTATE LEFT occ 55 DINT ONT 46 BITWISE ROTATE RIGHT 55 DINT TO REAL
73. RROR command is issued The CLEAR ERROR command must therefore be the first command issued No other command is accepted while any error bit is TRUE Bits 9 through 16 are Status Bits The status ON or OFF of these bits indicates the status of the condition referenced by these bits These are NOT errors and the module continues to function normally in accordance with these bits These bits are not effected by the CLEAR ERRORS command 8 4 Position Feedback Registers The four 4 Analog Input 96AI points are used as two 2 DINT 32 bit registers The first two points are combined as a single 32 bit register and the second two points are combined as a 32 bit register NOTE Under Cscape references to these register pairs would be specified as DINT MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 115 CH 8 Point Description Range 96A Motor Position Low 8 388 608 Word 8 388 607 AI2 Motor Position High Word 96AI3 Encoder Position Low 8 388 608 Word 8 388 607 AI4 Encoder Position High Word Immediately after reset the value in these registers is 0 zero and is considered invalid as indicated by the CURRENT POSITION VALID Status Bit remaining FALSE The Motor Position value remains invalid until either FIND HOME command is issued or the SET CURRENT POSITION command is issued If the Motor Position is invalid the MOVE ABSOLUTE command is not accepted 8 5 Command Data Outputs These registers contain the data by which the commands operate
74. Running Velocity to Base Velocity If 0 zero is selected the stepper automatically uses the Acceleration Time setting 8 6 Indexed Moves The STP100 can perform indexed moves To do so the SmartStack module must be configured to accept an external Index Input and the Stepper Move function block must also be configured to match NOTE All Indexed Moves are relative Configuring the Stepper Move Element adds seven 7 additional registers six of which are combined with each other to form three 3 32 bit unsigned registers and one 1 16 bit unsigned register Point Data Description Range Size 90AQ8 Indexed Destination Position 1 16 777 215 32 bit 96AQ9 AQ10 16 bit Indexed Deceleration Time 0 27 300 AQ11 32 bit Index Window Begin Position 1 16 777 215 96AQ12 AQ13 32 bit Index Window End position 1 16 777 215 96AQ14 The Indexed Move command looks at an external input called INDEX This normally expects to see a switch closure or some other electromechanical optical magnetic etc device The input is active LOW If the Stepper Controller sees the INDEX input low during the window the Stepper Controller moves the motor to an alternate position The window is defined by the Index Window Begin Position and the Index Window End Position The INDEX input is honored only while the Stepper Controller is within this range NOTE The window period is further limited to that time when the stepper has reached Running Veloc
75. S MANUAL 1 Revised Section 4 2 Controller Resources tables Also added OCS300 table 2 Revised Section 5 2 added SR Registers 3 Replaced and renamed Chapter 6 to indicate hardware references and other appropriate resources to consult 4 Revised Table 14 1 added additional shortcut key assignments 5 Added new objects in Chapter 16 and new property screens Note Fig 16 17 Slider Fig 16 25 Alarms Fig 16 28 Back Screen object no property screen 6 Revised Sections 16 1 16 3 16 5 16 7 1 3 16 8 9 7 Revised Figures 16 2 16 11 16 16 18 24 to update property screens PAGE 6 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 MANO0313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 7 Table of Contents PREPAGE eege EE EE EEN EE 3 LIMITED WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY sesseseeem Hmmm enn 4 CHAPTER As INTRODUC TIONG reen Bee tue intet nee EE ue enact eal 11 14 SCODE bree ene eue nie ticae o eet it teu tO orb it tel 11 1 2 Foppes Groo Nearne E Eeer eene fotu eoo uei c dines 11 1 3 User Reference Information AAA 11 1 3 1 Product OVOIVIOW DE 11 UC DR E UI E CG 12 1 5 IDistfibUtionrz ise oe reo ea e et vea ko e haga eet etg dta keen uode tiene edet ees 13 4 6 InistallatlOU e esterne tbt vn etmtivetasu bibet ID A i ERUNT Aiii 13 1 6 1 Installation Res lts cocinero vea neue vg ues itv vga dee evade 13 1 7 Technical SUppOtl EE 13 CHAPTER 2 LADDER EBEMENTS iiio minit itte ig e E OE Veo dee EU E Eve me i ond 15
76. Screen Pressing this button jumps to the previous screen View Screen Thumbnails goto screen This presents the user a display of 20 condensed screens from which one can be selected to jump too Display can be scrolled 20 screens at a time to access all 300 screens Next Screen Pressing this button jumps to the next screen View Edit Screen Comments The Comments button is a documentation tool used to store notes and questions that are strictly for the use of the programmer They are not printed or provided on screen for other operators When comments are created as part of a screen the Comments button animates and alternates between a default callout containing comments shown and a blank callout without comments Whenever a operator jumps to that particular screen the Comments Icon on the toolbar blinks as described H Blinking Comments Icon on the Toolbar alerts the Programmer that Comments are included SF Figure 16 8 Animated Comment Toolbar button When the Comments button is pressed the following screen appears allowing the programmer to document information etc Whenever the screen is selected the Comments button blinks to indicate that comments are attached to the screen To view the comments press the Comments button To remove comments the comments must be deleted PAGE 168 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 Ei CH 16 Edit Screen Comments z Figure 16 9 Edit Screen Comments Dialog
77. THE OCS 119 9 1 I II REC ER EE 119 9 2 Analog ee RE 119 9 3 RESOIULOM BEEN 119 MANO0313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 9 9 4 TE nl e EE 120 9 5 Quantitized Value cr eden ve e bedi ns v ae A e Ee Ra ue Ed 121 9 6 Normalized Analog Values eene mene NELE nnne AOAN EREA 121 9 5 SUNIPOLAR SIGNALS oeiee u ceeds oth Deme t vU bie Sled O EXE DU Ax RU em Ett dene Dra Drunk ex UE 122 9 8 Caveats Analog Circuits nennen nnne nnn nnn enne nsn ennn trennen nnne nnn 123 9 9 NOISE HE 123 CHAPTER 10 THERMOCOUPLES amp RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DEVICES RTD 125 I MECIICIN sm 125 10 2 Resistance Temperature Device ID 125 10 3 Thermocouples THM esses cole eee EEN ie intet ye eee iue nee pa EEN Een Ye E YN xe xev Re o dea a 125 10 4 Cold Junction CGompensatton esses nennen nnne nennen nen et enne tnnt esten sees 127 10 5 SmartStack Input Values ceci teet te a ie ee a ER Ee DER e OE e DER Dee xau tte ER Rs 128 CHAPTER 11 FORCING PHYSICAL AND NETWORK UO 131 ThE Enabling Forcing MEET 131 11 2 Forcing Contactor Coll 1 2 n etre en E o ic tren eg ood ee fran iae xx RR RO e 131 11 3 Registers Em 132 TAA Indicators Or FOr ING oso cod De iere ra eoe et stet ee teta obi prt itte Peta EO DE Reate e Ret R De ERE e DOM EO UNE RAN 133 11 5 Viewing a List of Forced Hemes 133 CHAPTER 12 PID CONTROLS once h reed eu e v aou e e Rap NEEN 135 IX BEES 135 122 QVOIVIOW vec sieve ciety hae eis Se eye ee ee A E A 135 1
78. The note data is currently not retentive and is cleared by a power cycle Object Display Attributes e Visible static or dynamic e Border static e Flash static or dynamic e Enable Input dynamic MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 181 CH 16 ar Indicator Lamp Displays and formats an indicator that is associated with a source register Indicator types include round or square lamps or bulbs Indicator Properties xi Controller Register Address Name d Indicator Type Round V Legend Plate V 3D Bezel Display Properties Attributes gt gt gt Background Color gt gt gt SS Legend Line Color ONG OFF Color gt gt gt Cancel Figure 16 18 Indicator Properties Object Specific Properties e Indicator Type Specifies the type of display animation ICON Round Square or Bulb e Legend Plate Creates a virtual Legend Plate consisting of a legend border and a background color e 3D Bezel Provides a Bezel attribute for the object if desired Object Behavior e Control Register This object will only accept register types on bit boundaries e Functionality Object animation ICON reflects current state of Control Register For the round and square types the area within the boundary is filled with the line color when ON and with the background color when OFF For the bulb type light rays will be drawn when ON and erased when OFF PAG
79. V range don t forget the over range Step Size 1024 10 24 4096 Step Size 20 48 4096 Step Size 0 005 volts 5 millivolts ll Or with a 0 to 5 Volt range Step Size 5 12 0 4096 Step Size 5 12 4096 Step Size 0 00125 volts 1 25 millivolts ll ll NOTE It is important that the over range capability of SmartStack modules be included as part of the computation In the first example this tells us that any change in the analog input signal of at least 5 millivolts should produce a change in the binary value This is the smallest change in signal that can be reasonably expected to be recovered as a change in the binary value It does not say that a smaller change does not produce a change in the binary value A change might be produced depending on both the before and after analog values To guarantee a change in the binary value the signals must change by at least 5 millivolts MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 121 CH 9 This value is also referred to as 1 LSB A change in the binary value of 1 count represents a change of 5 millivolts in the analog signal Another term that is often used is 1 2 LSB In this case the value is 2 5 millivolts or 1 2 of the 1 LSB value 9 5 Quantitized Value As previously discussed the ADC module converts the continuously variable analog input to series of discretely quantitized values Then what quantitized value is produced for any given analog input
80. a warning ifa value is exceeded Once acceptable value are entered press the UPDATE button The value displayed in the dialog is recalculated and displayed To see the resulting Motion Profile press the Calc Graph button MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 83 CH 2 2 18 4 PID Elements a General Cscape provides two 2 PID Proportional Integral Derivative elements Independent and ISA These two elements differ only in how the proportional gain Kp component effects final outcome These are the two equations used Independent PID CVout Kp Error Ki Error dt Kd Derivative CVBias ISA PID CVout Kp Error Error dt Ti Td Derivative CVBias Where dt Internal elapsed time clock previous elapsed time clock Derivative Error previous Error dt Or Derivative pv previous PV dt User selectable during configuration Ti Integral time Td Derivative time From these equation one can see that in the Independent PID the Kp value is used alone while in the ISA PID the Kp value is used to factor both the Ki and Kd values The Independent PID is the standard function but the ISA PID is a bit easier to tune PAGE 84 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 b PID Register Usage Either PID element requires an array of fifteen 15 WORD 16 bit registers These will presumably be of type R This is called the Reference Ce 7 Period allowed between PID so
81. al junction will introduce its own Seebeck voltage thus causing an error in the voltage Thermocouple installations must use special Thermocouple Extension Wire In fact all metal to metal junctions in the installation jacks plugs patch panels etc must be of the same Type as the thermocouple This can get quite expensive if the sensing junction is located a significant distance from the Thermocouple Input card Thermocouple Extension Wire is made of the exact same materials as the thermocouple itself but exhibit a lower temperatures range and are thus lower in cost Compensating Alloy wires may also be used Compensating Alloys are alloys that exhibit Seebeck Coefficients identical to the thermocouple but are also lower cost 10 4 Cold Junction Compensation But dissimilar metal junctions simply can not be avoided completely There will also be a dissimilar metal junction at the point where the thermocouple or extension wires enters the Thermocouple Input card This junction will also generate Seebeck voltage and thus introduce errors into the system This error though can be compensated for using Cold Junction Compensation The classic method of Cold Junction Compensation is to use a second identical type thermocouple wired in series with the measuring junction The second thermocouple is kept at a constant temperature ideally 0 C thus the terminology Cold Junction PAGE 128 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 10 Thermocouple 1
82. al be applied to the element in order for the timer to be reset Timebase Input Reset Retentive On Delay Timing Diagram Note Resetting the Retentive Timer requires the use of a contact under software control of the controller Since the Retentive Timer is retentive any value appearing in registers assigned to the element can be invalid immediately after a down load One approach is to reset the timer in combination with the First Scan bit 1 FST SCT reset 1 4501 4701 2 reset all 4112 3 extern_1 TON R ZHR20 cl01 EUR Example Reset Retentive Time PAGE 50 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 Off Delay Timer Timer OFF Delay NOTE Only the On Delay Timer may be retentive when power flow is removed from the element it does not clear the elapsed time When power is removed from the TOF the output becomes active and the TOF counts up to the preset value at a rate determined by the configured timebase When the internal accumulator reaches the Preset Value the output becomes inactive and counting stops When power is supplied to the element the TOF resets to zero The timebase is user definable in 10mS or 100mS ticks When power is applied to the element counting proceeds at this timebase Timebase Input l l Qutpul l coum 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2 3 3 0 Q0 PT 3 OFF Delay Timing Diagram Configuring Counter Elements To configure the element double click it and then select the p
83. allowed For example configure the element such that IN is AI1 Qis R12 and both indirect boxes are checked and that four 4 words are to be moved The configured element appears INDIRECT MOVE Note the use of the special character indicating that the associated register is used as an indirect value When this element receives power the value is taken from AI1 and used as a pointer to the beginning of a block in R registers The value in R12 is used as a pointer to the destination block in R registers Four 4 16 bit words are moved In this example if sAI1 contains 56 and R12 contain 100 the following occurs Note that only R registers are effected because the Indirect box is checked for both source and destination If before the move the registers contain SAI 56 R12 100 R55 123 R99 1 R56 45 R100 2 R57 28 R101 3 R58 20789 R102 4 R59 1 R103 5 9 cR60 15 9eR104 6 After move the registers contain 9eAl1 56 R12 100 R55 123 RII 1 R56 45 R100 45 R57 28 R101 28 R58 20789 R102 20789 R59 1 R103 1 9 cR60 15 R104 6 PAGE 60 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 BLOCK FILL NOTE The B1ock Fill element operates on 16 bit data only This element fills a block of registers with a given value The IN value can be either an integer constant or the value contained in another register BLOCK FILL WARNING If the IN value is a signed numeric constant it is treated as an unsigned number when t
84. ally removed to allow either a more elaborate border to be drawn with the drawing primitives or no border at all Enable Input This attribute optionally available only as dynamically overridden allows the object or the object editor to ignore keystrokes or touch strokes directed to that object This allows run time determination on whether to restrict input access to that object This allows the user to create operator privilege or in motion lockout of object modification If this box is NOT checked the associated object always accepts input Color This attributes allow colors to be assigned to objects when an the assigned bit Bits 5 8 is ON Show Icon This attribute available only statically on certain objects such as the Switch and Screen Jump object provides the option to display the ICON Most of the objects allow descriptive text legend to be included within the objects bounding rectangle Clicking on the Legend button invokes the following dialog box which allows creation and placement these legends See addens x Insert Special Char gt gt gt l MS S c Font Type 5x7 Font a Cancel Figure 16 4 Legend Properties MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 159 CH 16 Text This field is used to enter the Legend text Returns may be inserted for multiple lines If vertical space allows text too long to fit within the object that does not contain returns is automatically wrapped to produce m
85. amped to bring the process into control more quickly PID tuning depends on the user s knowledge of the process to be controlled Kp Ki and Kd are determined by the processes characteristics which must be understood before tuning can be performed There are two things that must be known about the process How big is the change in Process Value when Control Value is change by a fixed amount How quickly does Process Value change in response to a change in Control Value CV Step Change PV The change in Pv is simply measured When compared with cv using a simple equation the OPEN LOOP GAIN K of the system is obtained Open Loop Gain K PVstep CVstep If a step change in CV causes an identical step change in PV the Open Loop Gain K is one unity If a step change in CV causes a step change in PV that is less than cv the Open Loop Gain K is less than 1 If a small step change in CV causes a large change in Pv the Open Loop Gain K is greater than 1 MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 141 CH 12 Most processes won t see any change in PV for some time after cv changes This is called Pipeline Delay Time Tp or Dead Time Not to be confused with DEAD BAND The Time Constant Tc of the process is defined as the time between when the Pv first starts to change and the time when PV reaches 63 296 of the expected final Pv value a Find K and Tc Some experimenting must be done in order to obtain the desired values This is
86. an not execute in the first scan because the 10 millisecond minimum limit has not been met The element can not again execute until the next scan 9 milliseconds later d Configuration of PID The elements are configured from the PID Element Configuration Screen PID Edit PID Address ESO Nme d Set Point R0001 Name d Process Variable R0002 Name zl Control Variable R0003 Name d MANUAL Input 470001 Pee Name HB UP Input DOWN Input Address Ton Address T0003 Name m Name m TUNE gt gt gt Cancel PID ADDRESS Enter a Register Type and Offset address or select a Named register This the base address of fifteen 15 consecutive WORD 16 bit registers that the PID element uses to store its parameters This value may NOT be a decimal constant SETPOINT Enter a Register Type and Offset address or select a Named register This is the location of the User defined Process Setpoint value This value may also be entered as a signed 16 bit decimal constant PROCESS VARIABLE Enter a Register Type and Offset address or select a Named register This is the location typically Ar of the Process Variable value coming in from the process This value may NOT be a decimal constant CONTROL VARIABLE Enter a Register Type and Offset address or select a Named register This is the location typically AQ of the Control Variable value going out to the process This value may NOT be a decimal con
87. antitize the analog signal into discrete levels Successive Approximation is very common because it offers the best compromise between speed and cost Flash Converters offer extremely high speeds at increased costs Dual Slope converters are highly accurate very slow and somewhat more expensive Regardless of the method used the ADC quantitizes the analog signal into a series of discrete values or steps Any analog value within the proper range is converted to a single acceptable binary value For example the converter might be designed such that any analog value between 9 9975 volts and 1 0025 volts is converted as 1 000 volts Any analog value from 9 9925 volts to 9 9975 volts is converted as 9 995 volts A binary value representing this voltage is then returned to the host computer 9 3 Resolution The size of the quantitization steps is determined by the ADC s resolution Resolution is determined by the number of bits in the binary value that the converter produces Common value are 10 bit 12 bit and 14 bit converters A 12 bit Analog to Digital Converter produces 12 bit numbers to be read by the OCS PAGE 120 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 9 Given the number of bits of resolution the number of discrete steps is determined by the formula 2 to the Nth power where N is the number of bits resolution Thus a 10 bit converter has 1024 discrete steps a 12 bit converter has 4096 discrete steps and a 14 bit converter has 16384 discrete steps
88. apsed the PID algorithm is solved and the Control Variable CV is updated If power is applied to the element and power is also applied to the Manual input the element operates in the Manual Mode The Control Variable CV is updated using the value in the Manual Command Parameter in the reference array If the UP or DOWN inputs are also active the CV count is incremented or decremented by one CV count on every PID solution In either manual or automatic modes the CV Output value is limited by both the CV Clamp Value and the CV Slew Limit value If the Internal CV value exceeds either clamp value or the rate of change of the Internal CV exceeds the Slew Limit the value of CV Output is clamped at the limit CV Output moves away from the clamp value at such time as the Internal CV values drops below the clamp or the slew rate drops below the CV Slew Rate limit This provides an anti windup protection and bumpless transfer between automatic and manual modes PAGE 86 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 If the element receives power it solves the PID equation onlyif the sample time period has been exceeded Setting the Sample Time Period to 0 indicates that the equation is to be solved every time the element is enabled but in no case the element executes faster than once every 10 milliseconds For example if the OCS scan time is 9 milliseconds and Sample Time Period is set to 0 zero the element executes once every other scan or 18 mS The element c
89. arm number is not incremented further b Prev When this input transitions from low to high the previous lower alarm number pending alarm is shown on the display If the lowest alarm is displayed the alarm number is not decremented further C Clear When this input transitions from low to high the currently displayed alarm is cleared if it has already been acknowledged If it has not been acknowledged this input has no effect Once an alarm is cleared an active bit turned ON in the status register causes the pending bit to be set the alarm count to increment and a time stamp if enabled to be recorded again d Ack When this input transitions from low to high the currently displayed alarm is marked as acknowledged This sets the Acknowledge bit in the status register and allows the alarm to be cleared e First Alarm Screen Num First Screen Defines the first in a block of screens that are used to display alarm information Alarm 1 causes the screen defined by First Screen to be displayed Alarm 2 causes the first screen plus one to be displayed f Alarm Count Count Sets the total number of alarms defined This number also sets how many registers are used for status registers how many text screens are reserved for alarm display and how many registers are reserved for time stamping if enabled 2 24 Time Stamp Registers Time stamping can be set to one of three modes a None No time stamping is performed and no add
90. arrow key can advance the cursor 5 To accept the new value press the Edit Enter key To reject the new value press the Esc key and the previous value will be restored In either case the object will leave edit mode and display the entire field of non highlighted e Multiplexed key definitions 1 Q Zaqz 1 2 A B C a b c 2 3 D E F d e f 3 4 G H g h i 5 J K L j k 1 5 6 M N O m n 0 6 7 P R S p r s 7 8 T U V t u v 8 9 W X Y w x y 9 0 amp e amp 5 6 26Gbhbh SL rem de s Q One Object Display Attributes Border static Flash static or dynamic Enable Input dynamic PAGE 180 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 Note Allows the operator to leave note by writing on screen Controller Register Address Name met Display Properties Attributes gt gt gt Background Color gt gt gt Line Color gt gt gt C Figure 16 17 Note Properties Object Specific Properties None Object Behavior e Controller Register e Only accepts bit register references Functionality This object displays a note area where the operator can write on the screen with a stylus or finger When this object contains no message the controller register is cleared When a message is saved by the operator pressing the save button the controller register is set Currently only one note object is allowed per program
91. ate bit type may be used external I O could be used as an alternate input source Some objects i e Screen Jump also provide a cursor selection option in this section Selecting cursor selection allows the OCS s keypad arrow keys to select an object then an Edit Enter keystroke provides the input Object selection is displayed as a dashed rectangle drawn around the selected object The Keypress Source Section provides for a touch selection option for touch screen models MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 157 CH 16 C Display Properties Section This section configures generic display properties such as Drawing the Border Flashing Input Enable Line and Background color and Legends Most of the objects allow certain attributes such a Flash Border and Enable Input to be configured to the users preference Additionally some of these attributes may be either set dynamically at run time through an auxiliary OCS register or statically at application development time Clicking on the Attributes button invokes the following dialog box which allows individual configuration of these attributes Attributes gt gt gt On Visible Vv Override Register Flash liz Border r Name Enable Input E Color 1 Bit5 Color gt gt gt FERES Color 2 Bt amp Ge Color 3 Bit Coe Color 4 Bit 8 Color gt gt gt EE Showlcon Figure 16 3 Display Attributes Visible Graphic OCS e g OCS250
92. ays positive 2 6 4 Advanced Math Operations NOTE The Advanced Math functions operate on REAL floating point numbers only Radians RADIANS The value IN1 is converted from DEGREES to RADIANS and the result placed into Q IN1 is expressed in DEGREES o is expressed in RADIANS Q RAD IN1 Degrees DEGREES The value IN1 is converted from RADIANS to DEGREES and the result placed into Q Input values are expressed in RADIANS Output values are expressed in DEGREES Q DEG IN1 Sine A12 R16 SINE The SINE of the value IN1 is placed into Q Values in IN1 are expressed in RADIANS Output values range from 1 to 1 Q SIN IN1 PAGE 32 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 Cosine COSINE The COSINE of the value IN1 is placed into Values in IN1 are expressed in RADIANS Output values range from 1 to 1 Q COSIN IN1 Tangent TANGENT The TANGENT of the value IN1 is placed into Q Values in IN1 are expressed in RADIANS Q TAN IN1 Arc Sine ARC SINE The ARC SINE of the value IN1 is placed into Q Input values must be in the range 1 to 1 Output values are expressed in RADIANS Q ASIN IN1 Arc Cosine ARC COSINE The ARC COSINE of the value IN1 is placed into o Input values must be in the range 1 to 1 Output values are expressed in RADIANS Q ACOSIN IN1 MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 33 CH 2 Arc Tangent ARC TANGENT The ARC TANGENT of the value IN1 is placed into
93. be shifted left or right a variable numbers of elements ut 0 OUT rz T325 MULTI SHIFT BIT a Power Flow When the input to this function block is high it completes a shift as specified by the parameters every scan This function is not edge sensitive This function always passes power flow b Multi Shift Move Terminology SRC This is the starting BIT BYTE WORD or DWORD for the array to be shifted After the data is shifted it is stored in the array of data starting at this location BIT arrays can start at any location 9611 9616 R1 1 and R4 7 BYTE WORD and DWORD arrays must start on a WORD boundary 951 96117 96I33 R1 and R2 LEN This is the number of BITS BYTES WORDS or DWORDS in the array This must be a constant number from 1 to 32767 N This is the number of elements to shift This can be a constant or a WORD variable MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 63 CH 2 DIR This is the direction to shift If this input is high the data is shifted to the left If this input is low the data is shifted to the right Examples BITs Left by 1 T2 lt T1 amp T3 lt T2 BYTEs Left by 1 R1 high byte lt R1 low byte R2 low byte lt R1 high byte WORDS Left by 1 R2 lt R1 R3 lt R2 DWORDs Left by 1 96 R3 R4 lt R1 R2 R5 96R6 lt R3 R4 BITs Right by 1 T2 gt T1 amp T3 gt T2 BYTEs Right by 1 R1 high byte gt R1 low byte R2 low byte gt R1 high
94. built in Stepper Motion Calculator that can calculate a Movement Profile graph based on user selected values b Configuration of the Stepper NOTE Verify the SmartStack module configuration before completing the Element Configuration The various entries must be completed by the programmer Values can be entered as numeric constants Register Type and Offset or registers can be referenced by Name INDEXED MOVE Check this box to enable the Indexed Move features of this element The SmartStack module must also be configured to produce Indexed Moves If Indexed Move is enabled the element requires seven 7 additional registers 14 total STEPPER STARTING AQ This contains the address of the first AQ register assigned to the Stepper SmartStack module This information can be taken from the Stepper Module SmartStack Configuration DESTINATION POSITION This is a 32 bit register This register contains the position where the move is to end Values range is 8 388 608 to 8 388 607 VELOCITY RESOLUTION This is a 16 bit register Values range from 20 to 65535 BASE VELOCITY This is a 16 bit register Values range from 1 to 8190 RUNNING VELOCITY This is a 16 bit register Values range from 2 to 8191 ACCELERATION TIME This is a 16 bit register Times are listed in milliseconds mS Values range from 1 to 27300 DECELERATION TIME This is a 16 bit register Times are listed in milliseconds mS Values range from 0 to 27300
95. cale limits Font Font used to display limits e Scale limits Maximum and Minimum Establishes the range of the controller register value represented PAGE 188 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 e Ticks Specifies number of tick marks divisions displayed on the edge of the object Object Behavior e Controller Register Only accepts register references on 16 bit boundaries Treats the register as a 16 bit signed integer e Functionality This object continuously samples the specified controller The sampled value is visually scaled between the high and low limits with the high limit being 100 of bar filled and the low limit being 0 of the bar filled The sizing of the object determines the fill direction If the width is greater than the height fill is from left to right Otherwise the fill is from top to bottom Object Display Attributes None Meter Refer to Figure 16 22 Formats a meter associated with a specific source register Object Specific Properties e Show scale limits Enables display of specified limits in jewel cover area of object e Scale limits Font Font used to display limits e Scale limits Maximum and Minimum Establishes the range of the controller register value represented e Ticks Specifies number of tick marks divisions displayed on meter arc Object Behavior e Controller Register Only accepts register references on the 16 bit boundaries Treats the register as a 16 bit signed integer
96. ced smart stack modules Ethernet PAGE 96 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 4 NOTES MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 97 CH 5 CHAPTER 5 SYSTEM REGISTERS 5 1 General System registers are special registers that display and or control system operations in the controller 5 2 System Registers Name 7 R eserved 10 Ed Buffer High 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 et Config Size High N N Security Data Size Low S 200 2 T ser Text Size High ystem Text Size Low x x ejojcic 20 Ladder CRC User Text CRC 25 System Text CRC 23 24 26 O Config CRC 27 Net Config CRC 28 Security Data CRC N 35 Serial Number Low Serial Number High Model Number ngine Version IOS Version PGA Version 41 CD Columns 42 43 44 1 4 1 29 253 30 31 32 0 33 34 38 nm 0 m eypad Type TC Seconds pe i Min P o ERE D ess D Ee EE sst Gd I Een i SI lis ecurity Data Size High EE RET ERE HEN 2 o o pi icm sj me xw RICO O do 59 PAGE 98 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 5 SR Name 50 BIL SR01 User Screen Number Ladder Read Write Text Rear Write Min 0 Max 200 based on OCS200 100 as of printing This register displays controls the current user scrollable screen Setting this register to 0 displays no user screens 5 6 7 8 9 50 51 6 7 8 SRO2 Alarm Scr
97. ch as lines rectangles ellipses and text that do NOT animate change with the life of the screen and are generally created to provide decorative and informative backgrounds Dynamic objects are those such as animated ICONS bitmaps and text value fields that will change visually and reflect the current state of the attached VO An object requires configuration of a set of properties that effect functionality and display For example a switch object may emulate one of several different switch functions such as momentary toggle force on or force off Additionally the switch may be displayed as a push button or as a toggle switch with or without a border or legend PAGE 152 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 16 3 Object Placement Editing This section covers the actual placement sizing and deletion of the object on the current screen a Inserting an object Once the user enters the graphical editor the first display screen is displayed and ready to accept an object To select and place an object on the screen e Click on the desired object on the object toolbar e Press and hold the left mouse button once the cursor is on the desired location of the upper left corner of the object e Pull the mouse down and to the right until the desired object size is reached then release the mouse The object then appears on the screen Note that if snap to grid is enabled the object may snapto the nearest grid dimensions instead of than defined wi
98. crements of 0 5 each The same temperature can be represented as 1000 increments of 0 1 each or 2000 increments of 0 05 each MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 129 CH 10 It is recommended that Thermocouple and RTD readings be maintained and manipulated in their integer format whenever possible This avoids the use of time consuming Real Number floating point elements If fractions of a degree are not required simple integer math elements can be used to convert the value directly to degrees If the setting is 0 5 degree Example Divide By Two If the setting is 0 1 degree 2507 XR02 IN1 Example Divide By 10 If the setting is 0 05 degree Example Divide By 20 PAGE 130 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 10 NOTES MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 131 CH 11 CHAPTER 11 FORCING PHYSICAL AND NETWORK UO Warning Forcing UO allows physical inputs to be overridden or physical outputs to be activated Without full knowledge of the system this can cause personal injury or equipment damage 11 1 Enabling Forcing Forcing must be enabled on the controller before forcing registers Select the Debug menu then goto the Forcing sub menu and select Forcing Enabled If items are forced and the Forcing Enabled is turned OFF the controller no longer forces the I O but retains the list of forced items Re enabling the forcing resumes forcing using the last set of forcing states The Forcing Enable and Forcing Table are stored in batt
99. ct and left click the mouse In some instances each left click of the mouse changes the state of the object In other instances each left click steps through a series of static bitmaps frame by frame which gives the illusion of motion similar to that of moving pictures To Front Upon pressing this button the selected object will be ordered such that it is the last object painted If this object is in a group of overlapped objects it will be visually placed on top To Back Upon pressing this button the selected object will be ordered such that it is the first object painted If this object is in a group of overlapped objects it will be visually placed on the bottom Note that if a object that is selectable is placed to the back it will visually be painted last brought to foreground when it is selected MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 167 CH 16 za KI Zoom In To magnify the representation of the OCS unit on screen click the Zoom In button Continue to click this button until the desired size is reached Zoom Out To de magnify the representation of the OCS unit on screen click the Zoom Out button Continue to click this button until the desired size is reached Back Screen Pressing this button moves back to the last screen viewed The last screen viewed can be located several screens away from the current screen it is not limited to the previous screen located immediately before the current screen Previous
100. cting object and press DEL key OR e Right click object within bounding rectangle and selecting DELETE from the pop up menu 16 4 Object Grouping Objects may be grouped together and treated as a single entity This new entity can then be deleted cut copied or saved to a file In addition all objects within a group may be aligned to any side or centered horizontally or vertically a Temporary Grouping objects e From the Tools toolbar select the Group Selector e Click and drag a selector band around the objects to be selected starting in the upper left corner PAGE 154 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 The objects are now temporally grouped and right clicking with in that group will invoke a pop up menu for group operations If the group operation is NOT to permanently group the objects the grouping will be lost after that selected group operation b Permanent Grouping objects e Temporally select a group of objects e Right click within the group and select Group from the menu If the objects are permanently grouped thereafter selecting any of the objects will select the group When a group is selected it will be outlined with a red selection band with handles To indicate that the selection is actually a group instead of a single object the selection band will be dashed CH Ungrouping objects e Select the group e Right click within the group and select Ungroup from the menu d Moving a group e Select the group
101. d using program elements ALW ON 4507 ZR l 4001 13530IN2 13539 IN2 EXAMPLE TEMPERATURE BRACKETING The above rung states that any normalized value between 13530 and 13539 activates the output coil The expected value of 13536 1 is within this range 9 7 UNIPOLAR SIGNALS Signals which range only positive or only negative with respect to the 0 0 reference are know as unipolar signals Signals which range both positive and negative with respect to 0 0 reference are know as bipolar signals MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 123 CH 9 Unipolar signals are treated the same as bipolar signals However when the SmartStack module is configured for a unipolar range 0 to 10V for example the full resolution of the ADC is applied to this range The apparent resolution is thus doubled because the physical range is halved when compared to its bipolar counterpart 10V Thus for unipolar signals a smaller change in input can be resolved This does not change the expected normalized value However any ladder logic bracketing can need to be tightened as the unipolar step size is smaller due to the decreased range 9 8 Caveats Analog Circuits Analog circuits are notoriously fickle concerning temperature and drift That s one reason why the world went digital in items like CDs music synthesizers and cellular phones It is extremely difficult to get an analog circuit aligned EXACTLY Therefore the converted values
102. d indicator of the advanced alarm manager Each bit shows if a group has an unacknowledged alarm For example if bit one is ON there is an unacknowledged alarm in group one Alarms Active Ladder Read Display Read This register is a bitmapped indicator of the advanced alarm manager Each bit shows if a group has an active alarm For example if bit one is ON there is an active alarm in group one System Beep Ladder Read Display Read This register indicates if the system beeper is enabled If enabled system keypresses and errors are indicated with tones MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 105 CH 5 SR184 User Beep Ladder Read Write Display Read Write This register allows the beeper to be controlled via ladder or operator actions 1 Beeper ON 0 Beeper OFF SR185 Screen Saver Ladder Read Display Read This register indicates if the screen saver is enabled 0 Screen saver is disabled 1 Screen saver is enabled SR186 Screen Saver Time Ladder Read Display Read This register indicates the timeout for the screen saver in minutes If the screen saver is not enabled See SR185 this register is not used SR187 Network Usage Avg Ladder Read Display Read This register indicates the average total CAN network usage The value is indicated in tenths of a percent For example 25 represents 2 5 percent of the total network bandwidth SR188 Network Usage Min Ladder Read Display Read This register indicates the
103. d run the SETUP E are included x E program Complete instructions There is only one point where a relatively important decision must be made You will be asked to choose a directory in which to install Cscape The default directory is C Program Files Cscape This will be acceptable for most installations Some customers though may wish to customize this The most common custom directory is C NCscape In any case it is important that you remember the Cscape home directory path be it C Program Files Cscape C NCscape or something else 1 6 1 Installation Results A successful Cscape installation performs the following actions a The specified Cscape home directory will be created if it does not already exist b A special PROJECTS directory will be created in the Cscape home directory home PROJECTS The Cscape executable will be installed in the home directory Cscape Help Files will be installed in the home directory e Cscape will be attached to the Start Menu by placing a group in the C Windows Start Menu Programs directory This group contains shortcuts that can be copied to the desktop or to the Start Menu itself eo 1 7 Technical Support North America 817 916 4274 or visit our website at www heapg com Europe 353 21 4321 266 PAGE 14 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 1 NOTES MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 15 CH 2 CHAPTER 2 LADDER ELEMENTS 2 1 Program Elements Co
104. dary Grid 168 Special Characters Hexadecimal Numbers s sssssssneneneesnneeen 72 Special Elements ee 80 Square Hot 30 static Text i podere ee EE 169 Status BItS io Leo estre die Ru ORARE 114 Storage Order 92 String Compare Element ssensneeeeeneenen 73 String Handling Elements String Move Element 72 String Move Elements MOVE STRING rsrracrieeaiiinrrinieiannididn i 72 SUD ACH poieni aein aiaa aadi 28 Sie A seien EE AE e a ep 182 System Registers 2 ccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 97 Tangent 32 Technical Gupport ee ceeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 13 MANO313 04 Text Character Chart 149 Text Table Data 176 Thermocouples THM s 125 Time Data conoce th m tne iniia dene 173 Timer and Counters sseesseseeess 47 Configuring esse 47 Register Usage ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 48 TO BACK E 166 TO mot m 166 Tuning PID LOOPS ceeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeneeeees 139 Type Checking eeeeeeeeeseess 56 UNIPOLAR SIGNALS S A 122 Update Ward 144 Manually Loading Firmware 145 User Reference Information 11 Vertical T 6Xt EE 169 View Edit Screen Comments eeeeeeeeeea 167 Visual System Design Process Suggested Order of 198 KEY GLAD m 195 Zoom Ii EE 167 ZOOM e ET 167 Re Order from Omegamatio
105. de the range between Low and High inclusive For example if Low 10 and High 100 when the INPUT is between 10 and 100 the function passes power If the input is 9 or lower OR 101 or higher this function would not pass power If Low High This function passes power if the input is outside the range between Low and High inclusive For example if Low 100 and High 10 when the INPUT is between 11 and 99 the function does not pass power If the input is 10 or lower OR 100 or higher this function will pass power 2 9 Program Control Jump Label Call Return and End Elements 2 9 1 Label Element Start of Movel 4 A label allows a position in the ladder program to be named This name can be used with a JUMP or CALL instruction to cause program execution to change from one section to another Note There can only be one label with a particular label name in a program Labels can be inserted without matching jumps but a jump must be matched with a label PAGE 42 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 2 9 2 Jump Element 6 to movel Jump gt gt Start of Movel 2 ZTB5 Use the JUMP element to cause a portion of the logic to be bypassed The JUMP can be either aforward or a backward JUMP Logic execution will continue at the LABEL specified When the JUMP is active all coils within its scope are frozen This includes coils associated with timers counters relays No elements can be placed after the jump elem
106. disable a portion of the ladder program for testing 2 10 Conversion Elements 2 10 1 General Conversion elements are included to provide an easy method to convert between different data types The primary data types are INT 16 bit DINT 32 bit and REAL 32 bit Conversions are necessary for example when an analog input value needs to be converted from Double Integer type to Real type before engineering unit EU formulas are applied NOTE Numeric constants are not allowed in either the Source nor Destination fields 2 10 2 Caveats of Conversion Conversion is made by value not storage size All INT values can be converted to DINT or REAL Some DINT 32 bit values can be successfully converted to INT 16 bit format Some REAL 32 bit values can be converted to DINT 32 bit or INT 16 bit NOTE It is the programmers responsibility to ensure that all expected values fit into the destination register s size and format In some cases precision can be lost If for example when converting a DINT to REAL the DINT contains 7 digits 2123789 the REAL value is truncated to the six digit precision used by Real Numbers 2 12378E 06 Data can be lost When converting REAL to INT or DINT any fractional part of the number is rounded REAL 1 23654E 02 INT 124 Such losses are NOT considered errors The element continues to function normally but downstream elements which depend on these values can
107. e SmartStack Fiber Optic Expansion Module MAN0465 FOX100 110 Fiber Media Converter SFX100 DeviceNet Implementation Using Control Station Modules SUP0326 covers the implementation of Control Station products in a DeviceNet network SmartStack Ethernet Module User Manual SUP0341 02 covers the SmartStack Ethernet Module for use in Ethernet networks PAGE 110 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 6 NOTES MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 111 CH 7 CHAPTER 7 FLOATING POINT REAL NUMBERS A number which contains an explicit decimal point is known as a REAL or Floating Point number The numbers are termed real because they reflect the real value of a measurement to the accuracy of the system in whole units and fractional parts of units without artificial truncation to some less precise format Such as integers The location of the decimal point thus determining the number of whole units and fractional parts is contained with the number itself Since for any given real number the decimal point can be in a different position real number are often called floating point In Cscape the terms real and floating point are used interchangeably REAL Numbers Format Real numbers are usually input and displayed as a six digit field Jel12159 654321 If the number is too large or too small to be represented using only six digits the number is displayed as a six digit field plus an exponent 1 03647e 12 9 731 576 22 For display
108. e errors due to offset Once the process reaches steady state the Proportional component is producing very small error values and is attempting to produce some offset value The Integral component measures how long the Error stays at one value and produces its own error signal to compensate Since the rate of change in Error is small the Derivative component is almost non existent There are two common methods of implementing a PID function the Independent Method and the ISA Method Independent PID Kp Error Ki Error dt Kd Derivative CVBias ISA PID CVout Kp Error Error dt Ti Td Derivative CVBias Where dt Internal elapsed time clock previous elapsed time clock Derivative Error previous Error dt Or Derivative pv previous PV dt User selectable during configuration Ti Integral time Td Derivative time The Independent PID is considered the standard Although both methods provide the same results the ISA PID is often easier to tune CVBias is an additive term separate from the PID components This is most commonly used where only the Proportional kp term is used a proportional only element This forces CV Output to some non zero value when the Process Variable Pv is equal to the Setpoint SP CVBias is generally not used set to 0 if the Integral term is used 12 8 TUNING PID LOOPS The object of a PID loop is given a change in either the Setpoint SP
109. e Move the cursor to the center of the group until it changes to the movement icon e Press and hold left mouse button while dragging the group to the new location and release mouse button e Cut Copy and Pasting groups e Select the group e Right click within the group and select Cut or Copy from the menu Once a group is copied to the clipboard it may be pasted to any screen using the right click menu b Deleting a group e Select the group e Press the DEL key OR e Right click within the group and select Delete from the menu g Saving a group e Select the group e Right click within the group and select Save e Select the filename and location from the Save As dialog Once a group is saved as a file it can be brought in to any application though the Grouping Import Group menu option MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 155 CH 16 h Import a group e Select Grouping Import Group from the menu bar e Select a file to import from the menu and click OK e Group will be placed on screen click on group and move to the desired location As part of this distribution a small library of groups is provided This library provides templates virtual menus and virtual control panels and animated objects pipes valves pumps and tanks which the user may import position and size appropriately These objects are located under appropriated directories starting at the directory opened with the Grouping Import Group menu i Aligni
110. e it with one with a matching alpha The change in resistance of the RTD is measured using a Wheatstone Bridge circuit The Wheatstone Bridge works by providing a four legged resistance bridge one of whose legs is the RTD device Any change in the RTD resistance unbalances the bridge and the resulting current flow can be measured and converted to a voltage which is then sent to an Analog to Digital Converter ADC circuit The ADC converts the voltage reading to a binary value usable by a digital computer For any change in temperature the change in RTD resistance is very small So small in fact that it is often overloaded swamped by the resistance of the wires used to connect the RTD to the RTD Input Module Because of this two variations of the RTD are most often used These are called Three Wire and Four Wire RTDs By adding the extra wires the resistance of the wire can be placed into the measurement circuit such that the resistances of the leads wires cancel each other making the RTD resistance the dominant factor in determining the reading 10 3 Thermocouples THM A thermocouple in it s basic simplicity is just two pieces of wire made from dissimilar metals which is then twisted together Thermocouples make use of the Seebeck Effect Mr Seebeck discovered that any two dissimilar metal wires when wrapped together or fused at one end generates a voltage when the junction was heated The amount of voltage generated is determin
111. e ladder program files at one time The programmer can develop a project which contains all source code files hardware descriptions and hardware configuration Cscape can also debug all OCS units simultaneously from a single PC 1 4 Requirements A personal Computer running Microsoft s Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows 20007 or Windows NT Version 4 0 or later 16MB of RAM Memory minimum Mouse 1 free serial port 800x600 256 color video display recommended 20 MB of hard disk space Additional hard disk space will be needed to store any ladder programs that are written If the computer uses a serial mouse a second serial port must be provided for use by Cscape Serial Port parameters used by Cscape are not user definable For reference the Cscape serial port parameters are set at 9600 baud 8 data bits no parity and 1 stop bit MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 13 CH 1 1 5 Distribution Cscape may be provided on two or more floppy diskettes or on a single CD ROM There is no difference in the functionality caused by the distribution method In the case of floppy diskettes the diskettes are clearly labeled DISK 1 DISK 2 etc During the installation process you will be asked to insert Disk 2 and any subsequent diskettes if necessary In the case of CD ROM there is only one disk provided 1 6 Installation The Cscape Distribution disk contains an Installation Wizard On floppy diskette 1 or on the CD ROM locate an
112. e provided the user can create very elaborate informative and decorative screens However when development time is critical the straight forward design of graphical objects and associated configuration keeps screen development time to a minimum Note Graphic OCS250 and Color Touch OCS Models use the Graphic Editor function The following sections describe how to create move and configure graphical representations that are herein referred to as objects This chapter covers object definition object placement object grouping and object configuration in generalities Thereafter both the tools and objects are covered in detail in their respective reference section 16 2 Object Description An object is a graphical representation on the OCS display screen that conveys information to an operator and optionally allows modification of that information This information may be presented as a Numeric value with font and color variations or as an animated icon such a picture of a switch This product contains a complete set of these predefined objects that are targeted for Panel replacement or MMI Man Machine Interface applications When building the application up to 50 different objects may be placed on any one screen however there are some limitations on the number of certain object types that may be in the application see Object Reference Data Trend An object is either static or dynamic animated Static objects are drawing primitives su
113. e various key events Note Not all controllers have keys corresponding to all key events Key Event No Key dii 3 dg N N System Escape Left Right F10 Fn Enter do pO 8 8 Ee System Escape Left Right Down Shift Soft Key 1 Soft Key 2 Soft Key 3 Soft Key 4 Soft Key 5 Soft Key 6 Soft Key 7 Soft Key 8 Release W N AA A Go Go Go w o ooN OA CH PAGE 104 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 SR57 SR58 SR61 SR63 CH 5 LCD Backlight Ladder Read Write Text Read Write This register displays controls the LCD backlight 0 Backlight OFF non zero Backlight ON User LEDs Ladder Read Write Text Read Write This registers controls the keypad LEDs on the OCS250 Writing to bit one turns on the LED below the F1 key writing to bit two turns on the LED below the F2 key Num Ids Ladder Read Display Read This register indicates the number of CsCAN network IDs reserverd by the target Serial Protocol 2 Ladder Read Display Read This register displays the current serial protocol for PORT 2 on the controller 0 Firmware Update not valid 1 CsCAN not valid 2 Generic Ladder controlled serial 3 Modbus RTU 4 Modbus ASCII SR62 to SR180 RESERVED SR181 SR182 SR183 Ladder NONE Display NONE These registers are reserved for future use Alarms Unacknowledged Ladder Read Display Read This register is a bitmappe
114. eal Time Clock Seconds Ladder Read Text Read Min 0 Max 59 This register displays the seconds from the real time clock Real Time Clock Minutes Ladder Read Text Read Min 0 Max 59 This register displays the minutes from the real time clock Real Time Clock Hours Ladder Read Text Read Min 0 Max 23 This register displays the hours from the real time clock Real Time Clock Day of the Month Ladder Read Text Read Min 1 Max 31 This register displays the day of the month from the real time clock Real Time Clock Month Ladder Read Text Read Min 1 Max 12 This register displays the month from the real time clock 1 January 12 December Real Time Clock Year Ladder Read Text Read Min 1996 Max 2095 This register displays the four digit year from the real time clock This is Year 2000 compliant Real Time Clock Day of the Week Ladder Read Text Read Min 1 Max 7 This register displays the day of the week from the real time clock 1 Sunday 2 Monday 7 Saturday Network Error Count Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the number of recorded networking errors SR52 to SR55 RESERVED Ladder NONE Text NONE These registers are reserved for future use MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 103 CH 5 SR56 Last Key Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the last keystroke recorded from the keypad The following table describes the codes produced by th
115. ed by the user ASCII Data Formats text that is read from a Animation Object This button allows the user to register or if desired is written to the register E copy and paste 2 or more static bitmaps into a series of frames After doing so the bitmaps can be animated to depict motion or state changes Bitmaps are not animated using this button Data Trend Box Creates and formats a Data Note Allows the operator to leave note by fo Trend Box which tracks one or more variables writing on screen Color Touch models over time Four types of trend boxes are available Up to 4 trends registers can be graphed in each Data Trend Box using Configure Pens A Trigger address is required to activate the trending process for each Data Trend Box X Y Graph Creates and formats an X Y Graph Gi Indicator Lamp Displays and formats an ZH which represents variations of a variable in indicator that is associated with a source comparison to variations of one or more other register Indicator types include round or variables A number of values can be plotted or square lamps or bulbs Not on the Color located by means of x y coordinates Up to 4 Touch models different variations registers can be graphed using Configure Pens A Trigger Refresh address is required to reset the registers and reactivate the plotting process Switch Displays and formats a 2 that is D SS associated with a write register Switch types arm Displays alarm summaries o
116. ed by the two metals and the amount of heat applied This is called the Seebeck Coefficient The Seebeck Coefficient however is very low typically only a few microvolts per degree change in temperature and at most only a few millivolts maximum output Also the transfer curve the relationship between amount of heat and voltage output tends to be non linear Further experimentation over the past 170 years has developed combinations of metals and alloys that produce a relatively high output level although still in the microvolt per degree region and can withstand various environmental factors such as higher heat corrosive atmospheres or radioactivity PAGE 126 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 10 Here are some common thermocouple metals and alloys Copper 100 pure copper Iron 100 pure iron Platinum 100 pure platinum 45 nickel 55 copper Chromel 90 nickel 10 chromium Alumel 95 nickel 2 aluminum 2 manganese 1 silicon Nicrosil 84 6 nickel 1496 chromium 1 4 silicon Nisil 95 6 nickel 4 4 silicon Various combinations of wres have become available over the years and have been accepted by the American National Standard Institute ANSI primarily because of the repeatability of the transfer curve for these combinations Lead Lead E Rhenium NEUEN or inert atmosphere 300 2300 SE May drift in 600 1000 F range 10096 copper 300 660 F Very stable for low temp ranges Nicrosil Nisil 0 2300 F More stable in 600 1100
117. ed will be those whose center falls within a plus or minus 45 degree angle from the center of the currently selected object in the direction of the arrow key This method allows a selection path to any object regardless of its position on the screen however it is strongly recommended that selectable objects always be perpendicularly placed to reduce operator confusion PAGE 162 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 Note that since an object s relative location is based on the object s center the user should also use consistent object sizes when laying out the selectable objects When selecting objects that are fully or partially covered that object will be placed on top of the other objects as long as that object is selected If no object falls within the direction of the arrow key no cursor change will occur Screens that contain NO selectable objects will not display a screen cursor 16 7 Toolbar Reference The editor provides 3 different toolbars Tools Objects and Drawing Primitives Each toolbar may be docked or floating The menu option View Restore Toolbar restores and docks any closed toolbars The following reference provides a brief description of each toolbar selection Each toolbar selection is given a more comprehensive description in its respective toolbar reference Tools reference Object reference and Drawing primitive reference provided later in this manual MANO313 04 CH 16 16 7 1 Tools toolbar 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 163
118. een Number Ladder Read Write Text Rear Write Min 0 Max 200 based on OCS200 100 as of printing This register displays controls the current alarm screen SRO3 System Screen Number Ladder Read Write Text Rear Write Min 0 Max 10 based on OCS200 100 as of printing This register displays controls the system screen Setting this register to 0 displays no system Screen SR04 Self Test Result Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the bit mapped result of the self tests SRO5 Controller Mode Text Read Write This register can display control the RUN DO I O or IDLE mode of the controller O IDLE 1 DOVO 2 RUN SRO6 Scan Rate Avg Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the average scan rate of the controller in tenths of milliseconds 123 12 3 mSec SR07 to SRO8 RESERVED MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 99 CH 5 SR09 SR10 Edit Buffer Low and High Ladder Read Text Read This 32 bit register displays the intermediate value of a 1 8 16 or 32 bit value being edited on the text screen SR11 SR12 Program Size Low and High Ladder Read Text Read This 32 bit registers displays the number of bytes used by the currently loaded program SR13 SR14 User Text Screen Size Low and High Ladder Read Text Read This 32 bit registers displays the number of bytes used by the currently loaded user text screens and text tables SR15 SR16 System Text Screen Size Low and High Ladder Read Text Read This 32
119. elect Register Type and_reference or select a Named Variable that is the Output Value The Minimum and Maximum Ranges indicate the range of value that the Input signal is converted to MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 35 CH 2 For example suppose that one is monitoring the fill level of a tank of liquid This device sends back raw data that ranges from 5000 empty to 5000 full The values are to be converted to a range of 0 zero to 100 percent Configure the element thus Scaling Element EN Input Input R12 Name level sensor DI Minimum 5000 Maximum 5000 Dutput Dutput R42 Name level percent Minimum o Maximum 100 Cancel EXAMPLE SCALING ELEMENT 2 7 Math Equation Element NOTE The Math Equation element operates on 16 bit SIGNED Integers 32 bit SIGNED integers or 32 bit REAL numbers 2 7 1 Useful Math Feature of Cscape Cscape contains a feature to allow potentially complicated math operations to be expressed in standard mathematical notation and then be performed in a single program element This can reduce or eliminate many program rungs which makes the resulting program simpler to write and easier to understand Math Expres INT ZR44 ZR42 5 3 MATH EXPRESSION 2 7 2 Power Flow Through the Element Power flow through the element is ON or TRUE if the equation is solved successfully If any math error occurs e g divide by zero the power flow through the element i
120. els Alarm Object Properties xi Keypress Source Attach to nearest soft key i ay C History C Auxiliary Register Display alarm button icon only Address P Unacked Only Name F Allow Operator to Clear Cursor Selectable Touch List Format Font pz Font SI Alarm Groups to Display IV Date mai 3 V5 IV Time Itten JV State UNACK ACK 8 Display Properties Attributes gt gt gt Background Color gt gt gt C Legend gt gt gt Line Color gt gt gt Cancel Figure 16 28 Alarms Properties Object Specific Properties e Alarms Displays alarm summaries or logs as a list or an indicator button Color Touch models MANO313 04 CH 16 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 197 Object Specific Properties Summary History Specify which log to access Summary contains the current alarm states while the History log maintains a history of each alarm change Display alarm button icon only Specifies which indicator to present a partial list or just a button w optional icon is displayed Unacked Only available on partial list attachment to summary log only Only unacknowledged alarms are displayed on the partial list This allows the user to ignore acknowledged active alarms This option does NOT affect the alarm viewer which displays all active and or unacknowledged alarms Allow Operator to Clear Enables the Clear Clear All buttons when displaying the alarm
121. end Button to begin the process If the old firmware revision in the OCS RCS unit is at least 7 16 and communications between the OCS RCS and Cscape are operating properly the firmware update process is automatic After the process is complete the controller is automatically reset to allow the new firmware to take effect WARNING It is the user s responsibility to ensure that the updated firmware is the correct version PAGE 144 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 13 13 2 Update Wizard NOTE Firmware can be updated only on the OCS RCS line Refer to the User Manual of the controller to determine if the controller accepts firmware updates from Cscape NOTE OCS Firmware Revision 7 16 or greater is required to allow firmware upgrades using Cscape The OCS product line contains flash memory based firmware Using a proprietary protocol the operational firmware inside the OCS can be updated in the field using the Cscape Editor With this feature new versions of firmware can be released to the field almost instantaneously using the Internet or other electronic mail facilities Using the Firmware Update Wizard Connect the controller to update to the serial port of the PC From the Main Menu select File Firmware Update Wizard The following dialog appears Firmware Update Wizard X What type of device do you want to update Only the LOCAL device can be updated Product Type Networking Ban ES C No Network Ge CsCAN Network C
122. ent When the jump is active program execution jumps directly from the jump element to the associated label Note To avoid creating an endless loop with backward JUMP elements a backwards JUMP must contain a way to make it conditional To find the associated label right click on a Jump or Call 25 case mode NET OK Jump GEI gt gt Case Mode Cancel Selection 10 4M0200 2 5 0002 ze F Make some fake data for the meters and trends to sho Find Goto Label Cut l Copy E 27 i tic TON ZR0302 Paste 11 270100 Element Properties 28 meter speed x RO402 pene Where Used 29 metertick fwd ADD Add To Watch G LbE res int Add to Setpoints MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 43 CH 2 2 9 8 Call Element Call_subroutine Call E 470006 Use the CALL element to call a subroutine If power flow into the CALL is on execution will move to the portion of ladder defined by a LABEL When a RETURN element is executed in the subroutine the execution will resume on the rung following the CALL element You can nest calling a subroutine inside a subroutine up to 8 levels deep If more than 8 levels of nesting are attempted the controller will stop and the logic error flag in the diagnostics will be set No elements can be placed after a CALL element Example ALW_ON Call J 1 Z50007 ALWw ON Call a 2 S0007 Label e GF My Subroutine 4 do_something In_the_subroutine H ME 5 ZTOOU Z00001 ALw ON Ret
123. er flow from this function block will turn on This function works with CsCAN or DeviceNet networks ID This register or constant defines the source for the global data If the ID is not valid the function will do nothing and will not pass power IN This defines the starting point for the requested global data This can be a AQG or QG register Note that QG registers must be on a word boundary 1 17 33 This is a network register a register assigned and produced by the transmitting ID N This defines the number of words to get from the source ID This has a range of 1 to 32 Q This defines the starting register for the destination of the data This is a register in the controller 2 15 2 Net Put Words This element allows sending global data using multiple networks IDs This function is not edge sensitive every scan that this function is encountered it will copy the data from the source registers attempt to transmit the data This function only works with CsCAN networks The function passes power if the ID is legal and in the range defined by the network ID and the total number of ID assigned to that node ID This is a register or constant for the ID to use when transmitting data on the network It must be in the range defined by the primary network ID and the total nodes allocated for this target IN This is the starting register for the source data to send on the network This is a register local to the con
124. erational parameters except the Port Number This entry must be a decimal constant Power flow through the element is TRUE if the element completes successfully or if the port is already closed If an attempt is made to close a port that does not exist power flow through the element is FALSE If the selected port had been previously used as a CSCAN programming port that function is again available Comm Port Transmit ZzR20 Data TX Count z R02 SERIAL PORT SEND If the port has been successfully opened this element sends a specified number of bytes to the internal transmit buffer for the selected comm port PORT is the comm port previously open by the ladder program NOTE In the current release the only available comm port is Port 1 MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 75 CH 2 BYTES may be specified as either a Register Type and Offset reference or as a decimal constant This value indicates the number of bytes to be transmitted DATA is the address of the data to be sent This must be specified as a Register Type and Offset reference TX COUNT contains the actual number of bytes transferred to the port s internal buffer or 1 when the function is not This location must be specified as a register Type and Offset reference When power is applied to the element the TX Count register contains the number of characters actually transferred to the comm port transmit buffer If power is not applied to the element this register con
125. ery backed memory on the controller and are retained through a power cycle Debug Tools Screens View Window Help Debug Monitor EI amp 4 e E L Debug All Stop Al Debug IP WER v Forcing Enabled View Forces Figure 11 1 Selecting the Remove All Forcesfrom the Forcing sub menu does not disable forcing but clears the list of registers being forced 11 2 Forcing a Contact or Coil Once forcing is enabled start debugging the ladder program that contains the registers to force Currently only contacts and coils referencing l Q IG 96QG AI AQ 96AIG and AQG can be forced Right click on the contact or coil that is to be forced and select the Force sub menu Now select Force ON to force the register ON 1 Force OFF to force the register OFF 0 or Remove Force to stop forcing the register and allow normal ladder control of the register PAGE 132 17 SEP 2002 Cancel Selection 2QC Change Coil Type gt Ge 9 QC Cut Copy X Paste Ea a Elements E Delete QC Where Used Add To Watch RER zoor Force OFF Remove Force Figure 11 2 MANO313 04 CH 11 Note Forcing is intended to simulate physical or network inputs and to stimulate physical or network outputs for testing purposes When an output is forced ladder logic is still allowed to write and change the forced register Once the ladder scan is complete the register is updated with
126. es RTD Updating Firmware Shortcut Keys in Cscape Text Characters Using the Graphics Editor Note Cscape stands for Control Station Central Application Programming Environment 1 3 User Reference Information 1 8 1 Product Overview The complete Control Station product line can be programmed using Cscape which is a single application programming package Included in Cscape are e The drag and drop Ladder Program Editor e Integrated Operator Interface Programming e Controller Configurator including UO Configuration e Project Navigator for organization of large projects e Real time Debugger Firmly based in Microsoft Windows technology Cscape provides an intuitive and familiar interface that is easy to learn and use Use of the mousebased interface reduces typing to a minimum Most elements can be specified and placed using the mouse alone PAGE 12 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 1 When a network CAN DeviceNet etc is provided by the controller products Cscape can use the network to upload download and monitor any GE Fanuc controller residing on the network Using the Network Pass Through Connection Cscape can talk to any unit from one position It is no longer necessary to make a direct physical connection to a unit to be programmed Cscape can make a logical connection to the unit from any other unit on the network Configuration of attached controllers is handled by Cscape Using Network Pass Through features any
127. fforts to reduce it The effects of the noise on the converted reading and thus the normalized value are determined by the resolution of the converter and the value of the analog input The amount of noise in the system must be known and reduced to an acceptable value For example assume that the converters quantitization points are set up such that any reading less than 0 0025 volts produces a binary value of 2047 any value greater than 40 0025 volts will produce a binary value of 2049 and any value between 0 0025 and 0 0025 produces a binary value of 2048 This describes an ADC with 10V range and 12 bit resolution For the first example assume that the input voltage is EXACTLY 0 000 volts and has a noise level of 4 millivolts This is the sum of all possible noise sources With this information we understand that at any possible instant the instantaneous voltage level to be converted could range from 0 002 to 0 002 volts From the above information all of these possible voltage levels will be properly converted to a binary value of 2048 For the second example assume that the input voltage is EXACTLY 0 001 volts and has a noise level of 4 millivolts At any possible instant the instantaneous voltage level to be converted ranges from 0 0001 to 0 003 volts 0 003 volts is converted as a binary value of 2049 Depending on exactly when the conversion takes place the converted binary value is either 2048 or 2049 P
128. flow to the function high R1 2 R2 3 R3 4 R4 5 R5 1 96T586 F R500 1 ALSE PAGE 67 PAGE 68 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 After a second scan with power flow to the function high R1 3 R2 4 R3 5 R4 1 R5 2 T586 F R500 1 2 14 Set Real Time Clock Element New_Time A0056 41N This function allows the real time clock in the controller to be set from the ladder program This allows the clock on several devices to be synchronized over the network or allow the time to be adjusted based on a algorythm in ladder The input to this function is six consecutive WORD registers The register should be in the following format Register 1 New Seconds Register 2 New Minutes Register 3 New Hours 24 hour format Register 4 New Date Register 5 New Month 1 January Register 6 New Year 4 digit format This function passes power if the supplied new time and date are valid An example of invalid time would be hour 50 or month 100 The day of the week is automatically calculated and updated in the real time clock SR50 MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 69 CH 2 2 15 Network Elements 2 15 1 Net Get Words This element allows global data from any device on the network to be copied into any set of registers If the device defined by the source ID has not transmitted data this function block will not pass power flow and will can a request for the data to be sent Once the request data has been received pow
129. from the SmartStack module to the ladder program Normalized values have been converted from the resolution dependent raw binary value to a consistent range of 32000 to 32000 given nominal positive and negative analog input values The value is also offset such that the polarity of the normalized value tracks the polarity of the input signal i e positive voltages are represented by positive normalized values and negative voltages are represented by negative normalized values An analog input signal of exactly 0 000 volts is recovered to a converted binary value of 000 Normalization works by assigning the most negative normalized value to represent the most negative analog value and the most positive normalized value to the most positive analog value For a 10V range 32768 represents 10 24 volts and 432767 represents 10 24 volts Although this same feat could have been handled by a few rungs of ladder logic programming normalization is handled by the OCS before the value is every presented to the ladder program Normalization is completely invisible to the program PAGE 122 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 9 Given any analog input value the expected normalized value can easily be determined Converted Value Input Value Max Range 32768 Where Max Range is the maximum acceptable input value including over range for the configured range 10V 10 24 5 5 12 20 mA 20 48 For example the analog input is
130. grees Further readings find the process warmer The Error is smaller and the process moves slowly towards the final temperature The problem with such an arrangement is that the process can change too much before the changes from the controller can affect it In the above example the process might actually go to 400 or more degrees before the controller can bring it back down Conversely the temperature can drop significantly before the controller makes the necessary changes 12 3 Proportional Control A controller which performs the above action is known as a Proportional Controller In practice Error is actually a portion often expressed in percent of the full range error In the above example if the Error is 150 degrees the controller might be programmed to add only 20 30 of the full error value The process takes longer to change since it is not being driven as hard but full control is more accurate MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 137 CH 12 The following is a graph of a typical process under Proportional control only New Setpoint E eene ood Nes dtes babe ee ut oues Offset Process Variable Proportional control often has an Offset factor That is the process almost never has 0 error This can be caused by a variety of reasons all of which are outside the realm of control of the Proportional function On the other hand adding too much Proportional control can cause the process to oscillate and go further ou
131. gt gt mm Cancel Figure 16 14 Password Data Properties Object Specific Properties e Justification Specifies the location within the object s rectangular bounds that the password will be located e Font Specifies font used for covering character e Digits Specifies the maximum number of digits allowed for display entry e 3D Sunken 3D Raised Adds 3D dimensions to the object if desired PAGE 176 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 mr CH 16 Object Behavior e Control Register Register must be on 16 bit boundary and uses 32 bits e Functionality Used to enter 32 bit unsigned integer password without displaying actual numeric characters When editing an will appear in the current digit position being inserted When editing is complete all digit positions will be filled with e unless the current register value is greater than the number of digits In that case all digit positions will be filled with e Object Editor editable checkbox enabled Select object with arrow keys and press Edit Enter key Entire field will be highlighted INSERT MODE Type in new value using numeric keys value will be covered with an To accept the new value press the Edit Enter key To reject the new value press the Esc key and the previous value will be restored In either case the object will leave edit mode and display the entire field of non highlighted ROD Object Display Attributes Border s
132. hanged with arrow keys e 3D Sunken 3D Raised Adds 3D dimensions to the object if desired Object Behavior e Controller Register This object will accept any register type and size however Register Width field must specify 1 bit type for discrete register types l Q etc Register Width will also specify the number of bits to convert for an analog value e Functionality The value in controller register will determine which text table string will be displayed When the control register value changes the object searches though the text table least to greatest enumerated value until it finds an enumerated value greater than or equal to that of the control register value Then the enumerated value s corresponding string is displayed by the object within the limitations of digits and justification specified When searching for the corresponding enumerated value both the control register and enumerated values will be treated as unsigned integers If editable the object editor allows selection of one of the text table strings which results in the corresponding enumerated value being written to the controller register e Object Editor editable checkbox enabled Select object with arrow keys and press Edit Enter key Entire field will be highlighted and editor will be in SELECT mode Increment Decrement though enumerated text list by pressing Up Down key respectively To accept the new value press the Edit Enter key To reject the ne
133. haracters String Because the Single Quote is used to delimit strings the Single Quote can not be inserted directly into a Cscape String In order to insert a Single Quote a two character combination is used The marker character is the Dollar Sign Using this method several other useful Special Character combinations are available Printed Combination Interpretation Dollar Sign SI Single Quote L or 1 Line Feed N or n New Line P or p Form Feed page feed SR or r Carriage Return ST or t Tab The New Line character N provides an implementation independent means of defining the end of data for both physical and file I O When printed the effect is that of ending the current line of text and resuming printing at the beginning of the next line PAGE 72 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 Hexadecimal Numbers Hexadecimal numbers are also accepted Hexadecimal number can be entered by using the Dollar Sign followed by two hexadecimal characters Combination Printed Interpretation OD Carriage return same as R SODSOA CR LF sequence same as RSL 00 Null characters SFF Binary value 255 A hexadecimal number must contain exactly two 2 characters Possible characters are 0 9 A F and a f The conversion is not case sensitive Hexadecimal number must be exactly two characters If the number can be represented with one hexadecimal character i e a the string must contain a leading O i e 0a
134. he element is configured For example if IN is configured as 1 the value 65535 is used Using the above illustration as an example the registers contain the following before the move operation is performed R12 1234 R40 3221 R41 4632 R42 65535 R43 32456 R44 1 R45 0 R46 10 R47 812 R48 0 R49 5 After the element is completed the registers contain R12 1234 R40 1234 R41 1234 R42 1234 R43 1234 R44 1234 R45 1234 R46 1234 R47 1234 R48 0 R49 5 MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 61 CH 2 MOVE CONSTANT The Move Constant Data function allows a table of constants to be loaded into a group of consecutive controller registers The table of constants can contain INT UDINT DINT UDINT or REAL types All entries in the table must be of the same type Move Constant Data Source Starting reg 1123 a R100 1456 789 Editing reg R103 Ending reg zR102 zl Number of Items 3 CONST DATA Assuming the following constant INT table NOTE Constant data can be copied and pasted to from other Windows application including Microsoft Excel and Word NOTE REAL numbers less than zero must contain a leading zero e g 999 is valid 0 999 is valid After the element is completed the registers contain R100 123 R101 456 R102 789 PAGE 62 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 2 13 2 Multi Data Moves MULTI SHIFT DATA MOVE This function allows an array of BITS BYTES WORDS and DWORDS to
135. his button selects the color of the data for the object 16 6 Screen Description A screen is the display area that provides a background color and contains a collection of user configured objects Up to 300 of these screens can be stored in the OCS250 Since one screen is presented at a time the OCS250 contains mechanisms that allow the operator to change the current display screen These mechanisms allow switching screens from the front panel ladder program or network In addition three priority levels of screen control exist that allow the current screen to be interrupted by either the System menu or an alarm screen This section defines screen numbering attributes and methods available to change screens a Initial screen Each user created screen is assigned a screen number This number is used to identify the screen both in the editing environment and in the run time environment indirect screen references Screen numbers begin at 1 and go to 300 The first screen that is displayed at power up and at any non RUN to RUN mode change is referred to as the Initial screen The Initial screen is also the return screen when recovering from an Undefined or Invalid screen ESC key While the default Initial screen number is 1 the Initial screen number is modifiable by the editor through the Screens Set Initial Screen menu or on the right click display menu b Screen properties Each screen has two configurable properties background color and c
136. ii n 167 MOI Em 123 Normalized Analog Values 121 INO Ta aste ceto t teet tee 26 NOT A NUMBER NAN A 112 NOT EQUAL cien HERE ENEE 39 Notes eoa de D mL 180 Number System Registers 23 Numeric Data 170 OCS250 Updating TTT 146 OEM GOE eri iere geg SEN 12 Off Delay Timer insisi raaa 50 On Delay Timer c ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeeees 48 Open Comm Port 73 Operator Simulator ccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 166 ORY EE 26 Pass Through Connection 12 Password Data 175 bp 138 Elte e WEE 86 PID Controls reote acies ines 135 PID Elements Independent and ISA PIDS 85 PID Register Usage eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee es 84 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 203 Position Feedback Registers 114 Power Connechor eene 109 Previous Gcreen cece ccc eeeecece sees eeaeeeee eens 167 Process Variable cccccccccceeecceeeecneeesenes 136 Product Overview crei p a r 11 Program Control 41 Call Element 43 Jump Element AAA 42 Label Element 41 Program Elements 15 Proportional Control esses 136 Quantitization Step Glze eee 120 Quantitized Value eee 121 Radiarns 3 tosses sett Ee 31 RANGE eerte dee Egger dE 112 REAL Numbers Format sees 111 REAL TO DOUBLEINTEGER 46 REAL TOINTEGER 45 Registers Extending 96R
137. image Function Key 3 image F F unction Key 4 image unction Key 5 image Ea adi a Oooo O Function Key X image For example many functions must be called every logic scan regardless of the condition of an other inputs The ALW_ON point is used for this purpose EQ_INT IN1 R40 IN2 P 41 Alw_On Example MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 107 CH 5 EXAMPLE 2 The Function Keys are used to provide user selected input to a program For example the following code displays a screen whenever Function Key 4 is pressed Screen 4 Function Key 4 is pressed FA Key Example PAGE 108 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 5 NOTES MANO313 03 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 109 CH 6 CHAPTER 6 HARDWARE REFERENCES WIRING DIAGRAMS PIN OUTS ETC 6 1 Hardware References The following references provide in depth information regarding installation wiring pin outs and other technical information for the OCS product line Operator Control Station OCS OCS1XX 2XX Control Station Hardware User Manual MANO227 Graphic OCS250 provide in depth information regarding installation Remote Control Station RCS wiring pin outs and other technical information RCS2XX SmartStack Modules User Manual SUP0246 contains individual data sheets for each module and covers specifications wiring and configuration SmartStack Modules Color Touch Screen OCS300 OCS301 OCS350 OCS351 Fi icE DERE band xd Color Touch OCS Hardwar
138. imer This box appears only if the timer is retentive Reset Input Name If the timer is retentive this defines the Register used to reset the timer can be selected by name This box appears only if the timer is retentive Register Usage Each Timer Counter requires two 2 consecutive 16 bit registers sR They are arranged like so RX Accumulator RX 1 Power Enabled Reserved Bit 16 Bit 15 Bits 14 1 On Delay Timer Timer On Delay Note Only the On Delay Timer is retentive When power flow is removed from the element it does not clear the elapsed time When power is supplied to the TON the output becomes inactive and the TON counts up to the preset value at a rate determined by the configured timebase When the internal accumulator reaches the Preset Value the output becomes active and counting stops When power is removed from the element the TON resets to zero MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 49 CH 2 The timebase is user definable in 10mS or 100mS ticks When power is applied to the element counting proceeds using this timebase Timebase Inpul l l Qutpul l Cum D D 1 2 0 1 2 3 3 Q0 d PT 3 ON Delay Timer Diagram Retentive On Delay Timer A Retentive On Delay Timer is a special case of the standard On Delay Timer but differs from the standard timer in that the Retentive Timer does not reset when the input is brought inactive off The Retentive Timer requires that a reset sign
139. is compensation is automatic Note however that proper Thermocouple Extension Wires must be used between the thermocouple and the Smartstack module With Remote Compensation the semiconductor sensing device is placed in a remote head terminal block The thermocouple is also attached to the head thus the Seebeck Effect is located at the head joints The head can be located some distance from the host computer presumably near but not in the environment to be measured Signals from the thermocouple and the semiconductor device are brought back to the SmartStack module using standard low cost copper wiring whose junctions and any possible Seebeck Effect are also at the head joints The SmartStack and OCS can now measure the temperature at the head end and mathematically correct the thermocouple voltage readings Of course the SmartStack has the automatic Internal Compensation which must be disabled but this is also automatic with the SmartStack module 10 5 SmartStack Input Values SmartStack Thermocouple and RTD input modules are designed to return readings that are already calibrated in degrees Both Centigrade C and Fahrenheit F conversions are available Resolution is usually 0 052 0 1 or 0 5 The value returned is a signed integer that represents a fraction of a degree For example if the temperatures is 100 C and the resolution is set for 0 5 C the reading returned is 200 This means that the temperature is 200 in
140. is shifted by N counts Both IN1 and N can be either register designation SR SAI etc or integer values 8 23 Q must be a Register Offset Address BITWISE SHIFT LEFT DWORD SHIFT LEFT R41 0000000100010000 544 SHL 8 R43 0001000000000000 4096 Power Flow ON TRUE BITWISE SHIFT RIGHT This element performs a LOGICAL SHIFT RIGHT on the input register and places the result in the output register During the shift 0 bits are shifted into the left end of the value The value is shifted by N counts Both IN1 and N can be either register designation sR SAI or integer values 8 23 o must be a Register Offset Address BITWISE SHIFT RIGHT DWORD SHIFT RIGHT R41 1000000000000000 32768 SHR 8 SRA3 0000000010000000 128 Power Flow OFF FALSE MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 55 CH 2 BITWISE ROTATE LEFT This element performs a ROTATE LEFT on the input register and places the result in the output register During the shift the output bit is returned to the first bit on the right end of the value The value is shifted by N counts Both IN1and N may be either register designation SR SAI etc or integer values 8 23 etc must be a Register Offset Address BITWISE ROTATE LEFT DWORD ROTATE LEFT R41 1010010100111100 42300 ROL 11 R43 1110010100101001 58665 BITWISE ROTATE RIGHT This element performs a ROTATE RIGHT on the input register and places the result in the output register Du
141. ister is moved to the objects display every 150ms Text is expected to be in the form of 8 bit ANSII characters two per word register with the leftmost digit in the least significant 8 bits of the control register The digits property specifies the expected length of the text string Note that NULL zero amp bit values are NOT used to indicate the end of string to the object Should the object encounter a NULL 8 bit value before filling all of the specified digits that position is displayed as a SPACE character and the object will continue retrieving 8 bit values to fill up digit positions If editable a new value may be entered which is written to the control register s e Object Editor editable checkbox enabled 1 Select object with arrow keys and press Edit Enter key 2 Entire field will be highlighted and editor will be in CLEAR mode 3 Pressing any alpha numeric key will clear field set leftmost character to key pressed set each remaining position to space character and change editor to OVERWRITE mode 4 While in OVERWRITE mode Left or Right key may be used to move to desired digit Under this object editor each of the numeric keys may be pressed a consecutive number of times to select one of several ASCII characters assigned to that one key As long as the same physical key is pressed the cursor will not move To move to the next position press a different key or when the next character is the same as the current the
142. it or DWord 32 bit Both values must be of the same data type WORD or DWORD NOTE It is not possible to use both a 16 bit register and a 32 bit register in the same element In most cases these elements operate on registers capable of holding Word or Dword values such as R or SAT It is possible however to use discrete Boolean points by specifying a Register Type and Offset such as 917 The Offset used must be on a 16 bit boundary 1 17 33 etc AND This element performs a bit wise AND on two registers and places the output in a third BITWISE AND BITWISE AND DWORD For example R41 0000000000000111 7 AND SR42 0000000000001010 10 RESULT R43 0000000000000010 2 PAGE 26 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 OR This element performs a bit wise OR between two registers and places the output in a third BITWISE OR OR DWORD R41 0000000000000111 7 OR R42 0000000000001010 10 RESULT R43 0000000000001111 15 NOT This element performs a bit wise NOT on a single register and places the output in a second register BITWISE NOT NOT DWORD SR41 0000000000001010 10 NOT R43 1111111111110101 65525 unsigned or 11 signed EXCLUSIVE OR This element performs a bit wise EXCLUSIVE OR between two registers and places the output in a third BITWISE XOR XOR DWORD R41 0000000011111111 255 XOR R42 0000000010100101 165 RESULT R43 0000000001011010 90 MANO313 04
143. itional register space is required b Time Only The time is recorded when each alarm s pending bit becomes active Each alarm requires three 3 registers starting at the block defined by the time stamping control block The time is recorded in the same format as the real time clock is stored in the system registers C Time and Date The time and date is recorded when each alarm s pending bit becomes active Each alarm requires six 6 registers starting at the block defined by the time stamping control block The time and date is recorded in the same format as the real time clock is stored in the system registers 2 2 5 Power Flow This function block only displays the pending alarms when power flow to the function block is ON Alarm screens are displayed by modifying SR2 to force a screen based on the pending alarms and the NEXT and PREV inputs MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 19 CH 2 When power flow into the function block is OFF the block continues to monitor the alarm active bits to record alarm conditions including incrementing the alarm count but it does not display the alarms 2 2 6 Viewing the Alarm Handler Status From the alarm function block properties you can press the View Alarm Status button to view the following dialog Alarm Handler Status x Num Act Pend Ack Cnt LastAlarm Time Ack All Clear All Ack H i i H Reset Count OK Figure 2 3 Alarm Handler Status This dialog allows
144. its forced value and the physical output is updated For example if Q1 is forced ON yet a coil turns Q1 OFF any contacts after the coil act as if Q1 is OFF When the scan is complete Q1 is forced ON before the physical outputs are updated The following is a list of events completed during the scan loop Read the physical and network inputs Override any forced inputs Execute the ladder logic Override any forced outputs Write the physical and network outputs Go back to item 1 oor ON gt 11 3 Registers When a register is forced and the program is being debugged the forced state is indicated by a black box filled with yellow around the contact or coil Contacts or coils that are forced ON are filled with RED while contacts or coils that are forced OFF are not filled Gell ET 10001 00001 10002 00002 10003 00003 H Bt 0004 00004 Figure 11 3 MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 133 CH 11 11 4 Indicators of Forcing When one or more registers are forced and forcing is enabled the status bar shows FORCED after the target status When forcing is not enabled OR no items are being forced the status bar shows no forces x Locak253 Target253 R FORCED A Figure 11 4 When forcing is enabled S12 becomes active When forcing is enabled and one or more registers are being forced S11 becomes active When 96811 is active the controller flashes the OK LED to indicate one or more register
145. ity If the window is defined such that the window attempts to open during acceleration the window does not open until Running Velocity is reached Also the window closes automatically if the move starts to decelerate If the stepper never reaches Running Velocity the Index Window does not open If the INDEX input occurs during the window the Stepper Controller redefines the destination position of the move to be Indexed Destination Position AQ8 96AQ9 relative to the Current Motor Position 96AM AI2 at the time INDEX became active The deceleration of the move is determined by the Indexed Deceleration Time MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 117 CH 8 8 7 Issuing Commands The first step to issuing commands is to see that no errors exist Immediately after Power Up or Reset the Power Up Error Bit is set so the first command issued must be the CLEAR ERROR S command A simple flow chart indicates how the CLEAR ERROR S command is affected Set Command Bit Q14 Is Error Bit SET Ka Yes E STEPPER COMMAND FLOW CHART At power up the position registers AI1 Al4 are cleared to zero and the Current Position Valid status bit 19 is OFF As long as the l9 bit is off the Absolute Move command 96Q9 is disabled because the actual absolute position is unknown The program needs to issue a FIND Origin UP FIND Origin DOWN or SET CURRENT POSITION command in order to validate the position Current Posi
146. ks several controller data tables into a single point type array The Traditional RTU Reference column below specifies the starting address of each controller table The second method requires the master to be configured with the specific Modbus command and offset The supported Modbus commands and the associated offset are also illustrated in the following table Controller Maximum Traditional Modbus Modbus Reference Range Modbus Command s Offset Reference Read Input Status 2 po ee as ee ee S 2048 00001 Read Coil Status 1 00000 Force Coil 5 03000 30001 96AIG1 33001 4 40001 Read Holding 43001 Register 3 46001 Load Register 6 Load Multiple Registers 16 Status R40 Modbus Master PORT is the comm port previously open by the ladder program with Protocol set to Modbus ASCII or Modbus RTU MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 79 CH 2 NOTE In the current release the only available comm port is Port 1 Timeout may be specified as either a Register Type and Offset reference or as a decimal constant with a range of 0 to 1023 This specifies the amount of time that is allowed between a Modbus command and its response This parameter is in terms of 100 milliseconds i e 100 10 0 Sec Trigger is specified as a bit Register Type and Offset reference When this bit goes from an off to on transition the block transmits the Modbus message defined by the message control block MCB When this input is low the
147. lamp and slew limits Internal SP Used by Tracks SP in OCS Internal CV Used by Tracks CV out OCS Each PID element must use a distinctly separate Reference Array even if the values are identical to an Manual Mode the value that is output to the CV within the Internal PV Used by Tracks PV in exiting PID element There can be no overlapping of PID elements MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 85 CH 2 Registers at offset 0 through 9 must be configured before the PID element is used This is most easily done using the Tune features of the Cscape PID Element Configuration These registers can however be manipulate by the ladder program as well C Independent PID Element ISA PID Element 70078 R0001 R0002 PID_IND R0100 470001 T0002 a 7 0003DO0 WN RA0002 Done 4T 0079 xTODDi Cv 7 R O03 xTOD02 10003 PID Element With and Without Auto Tuning The element is configured to accept five 5 external variables two word 16 bit values and three 3 binary 1 bit values The element outputs one word 16 bit variable and one single bit variable The element uses an array of fifteen 15 word 16 bit registers presumably type sp This is known as the Reference Array see below In operation when the element receives power and the Manual Input does not receive power the element is placed in the Automatic Mode The element first determines if its sample time period has elapsed If the time period has el
148. larm screen system register can be read to determine which screen is being forced as an alarm Writing to the alarm screen system register does not affect operations because the ladder processor calculates and writes the alarm screen number each scan These screens can be marked as Alarm when creating the screens but screens that are not marked as Alarm but are forced using D coils are considered alarm screens in this context User Screen If a system screen and alarm screen is not displayed a user screen is displayed The If more than one user screen exist programmer not defined as Alarm the operator can switch between screens using the UP and DOWN keys on the controller Reading the user screen system register allows the ladder program to monitor the operators movement through the screens as they scroll using the UP and DOWN keys Writing to the user screen system register allows the ladder program to directly control the screen being displayed PAGE 24 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 2 43 Multiple Active Screens If more than one screen is activated during any one program scan the ast processed screen is displayed This happens in the following code MOVE WORD Q RO1 Screen 11 Screen 5 Screen 5 MULTIPLE ACTIVE SCREENS In this case both Screen 11 and Screen 5 are active but Screen 5 is displayed because it is the ast screen processed in the scan of this logic This situation is not wrong logically or sy
149. layed only the first six can be counted on for accuracy 3 14159265 3 14159 2535 00000045 2535 ENTERING FLOATING POINT VALUES All floating numbers must adhere to the above format If an exponent is included the mantissa value portion must also contain a decimal point Note that if the entered format is other than x yy y the decimal point is moved and the exponent adjusted accordingly 123 456e 3 123456 The actual value can be displayed with six digits and no exponent 143 643E 12 1 43643E 10 Decimal point is moved and exponent adjusted A decimal point must be included to reduce any ambiguities For example 123e10 should be entered as 123 0610 or better still 1 23e12 Cscape will automatically convert to this format Neither the mantissa nor the exponent may contain spaces 123 45e 12 and 4 3256e 23 will not be interpreted correctly because of the embedded spaces Both the mantissa and the exponent may contain a sign or i e 1 3245e 12 0r 4 243e 8 if the sign is missing then the associated part is assumed to be positive 1 2345e10 ERRORS OVERFLOW is the most common error This occurs when the result of a real number operation is greater than 3 40282E 38 or less than 3 40282E 38 For example the equation 1 2345E 20 2 3456E 20 certainly causes this problem INFINITY In case of an overflow result power flow through the offending element is OFF and the resulting value is se
150. lity Trim On touch the trim buttons will increment or decrement the controller register by a value of one depending on the respective button pushed If touch is maintained on the respective button for longer than 1 second the control enters auto repeat mode which increments or decrements the control register at a linear rate of 1 change per 100mS The controls are limited to not increment or decrement past the respective limits The controls are represented in 3D when enabled MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 193 CH 16 Object Display Attributes e Visable static or dynamic e Border static e Flash static or dynamic e Enable Input dynamic Data Trend Creates and formats a Data Trend which tracks one or more variables over time Four types of trend boxes are available Up to 4 trends registers can be graphed in each Data Trend Box using Configure Pens A Trigger address is required to activate the trending process for each Data Trend Box Trend Properties x Sample Gaich EI Seconds Trigger Configure Pens gt gt gt Address Axis Properties gt gt gt Name J Trend Type Snap Shot Scope Standard Trend C Continuous Scope C Retentive Trend Display Properties Attributes gt gt gt Background Color gt gt gt s Legend Line Color mm Figure 16 26 Trend Properties PAGE 194 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 Object Specific Properties e Sample Rate Elapsed
151. low is FALSE if either the source or destination register contains O zero or the length of the move exceeds the number of elements available in the controller C Configuring Data Move Elements To configure the element double click it and enter the element double click it and enter the Register Type and Offset address for the input and output registers For the Register Move and Block Fill elements a numeric constant can be specified as the SOURCE In this case the numeric value is placed into the output register The DESTINATION must be specified using Register Type and Offset addressing For the Block Move element SOURCE and DESTINATION must be Register type and Offset addresses Neither can be a numeric constant The COUNT value determines how many registers are moved or filled during the operation of this single element In the case of the Register Move instruction the Count value is fixed at 1 For the Block Move and Block Fill elements the COUNT value can be a number in the range of 0 zero to the maximum number of registers of this type available in this controller For R registers in the OCS products the upper limit is 2048 For the Move Word element selected the Data Type WORD or DWORD to be moved SINGLE REGISTER MOVE NOTE Move Word can operate on either 16 bit or 32 bit data as selected by the user This moves either a register or register pair 32 bit or a constant value into another register or register pai
152. lutions Dead Band PV Counts 0 to 32000 Defines the Upper and Lower Dead Band limits in terms of PV counts Set both to 0 zero if no dead band is required Both should be set to 0 zero until the PID is tuned A Dead Band might then be necessary to prevent small changes in CV values due to rates eue to stint variations In error variations in error Dead Band PV Counts 0 to 32000 Proportional Percent 0 to 327 67 Sets the StS SOW Rae Gain Kp factor in Gain terms of percent 100 sets unity gain gain Kp of 1 d ene 10 mS 0 to 327 67 Entered as a time with a resolution of 10 Gain seconds mS Kd In the PID equation this has the effect Kd delta Error dt Integral Rate 1000 0 to 32 767 Entered as a number of repeats per second Ki second repeats per effectively the integration rate In the PID second equation this has the effect Ki Error dt 32000 before the rate and amplitude clamps CV Upper CV Counts 32000 to Number of CV Counts that represent the Clamp 32000 highest and lowest value for CV CV Upper Clamp must be more positive the CV Lower Clamp Clamp 32000 Minimum Slew Seconds of 0 to 32000 Determines how fast the CV value can i full travel seconds to change move 32000 CV counts N A Manual CV Counts Tracks CV in In the Automatic mode this register tracks Command Auto mode the CV value ES E Cas CH We sets CV in In the Manual Mode this register contains c
153. ly on the object s bonding rectangular border to select that object MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 153 CH 16 Total Number of Objects Selected and Order of Selection When an object is selected the Graphics Editor shows the total number of objects selected and the order of the currently selected object Example X of Y appears on the Graphic Editor where X order 1 equals front Y total number of objects c Moving an object e Select object e Place the cursor within the object bounding rectangle crossing lines with arrow heads appear e Press and hold left mouse button e Move to desired location and release mouse button d Sizing an object e Select object e Place the cursor within a sizing handle rectangle on the RED selection band on the side to move single line with arrow heads will appear e Press and hold left mouse button e Drag object edge to new location and release mouse button e Layering objects front vs back Dynamic objects are generally NOT transparent and will cover a portion of an existing object if placed over that existing object In some cases this may be the desired outcome such as placing a numeric display object on top of a meter object Objects will be layered in the order that they are inserted on the screen However the user may alter that ordering see Tools Reference To Front To Back e Right click on object and select To Front or To Back from pop up menu f Deleting an object e Sele
154. minimum total CAN network usage The value is indicated in tenths of a percent For example 25 represents 2 5 percent of the total network bandwidth SR189 Network Usage Max Ladder Read Display Read This register indicates the maximum total CAN network usage The value is indicated in tenths of a percent For example 25 represents 2 5 percent of the total network bandwidth SR190 Network TX Usage Avg Ladder Read Display Read This register indicates the average CAN network usage transmitted by this device The value is indicated in tenths of a percent For example 25 represents 2 5 percent of the total network bandwidth SR191 Network TX Usage Min Ladder Read Display Read This register indicates the minimum CAN network usage transmitted by this device The value is indicated in tenths of a percent For example 25 represents 2 5 percent of the total network bandwidth SR192 Network TX Usage Max Ladder Read Display Read This register indicates the maximum CAN network usage transmitted by this device The value is indicated in tenths of a percent For example 25 represents 2 5 percent of the total network bandwidth PAGE 106 17 SEP 2002 PREDEFINED I O POINTS MANO313 04 CH 5 Certain UO Points memory references have been predefined These points are immediately available for use in the programs EXAMPLE 1 Function Network is OK Function Key 1 image Function Key 2
155. n 888 59 6 Z a I II Paz omegamation com
156. n a particular screen Is the objective of the screen to depict a process event i e an alarm screen indicating that a machine is jammed Is the objective of the screen to allow the operator to request data or to take appropriate action such as acknowledging an alarm condition PAGE 200 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 NOTES MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 201 INDEX Absolute Value cceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeaeeeeeeee 30 Call Element 43 ADG ee 127 Caveats Analog Circuits 123 D ett BEER Aten Ee 27 Close Comm Port saraan anaE 74 Advanced Math Operations Elements Cold Junction Compensation 127 ARGCGOSINE iniecit iex tite neg 32 Comm Port Receive aasesseesneereesnreeeerene 75 ARG SINE oic tete ce EE e ed 32 Comm Port Transmit esses 74 Arc Tangent c perpe drip 33 Command Bits esse 113 Common Logarithm sseessess 33 Command Data Outmuts eee 115 COSINE viens teet eer 32 Comments DEGREES ve oett tite 31 As Documentation 12 Exporient Jerem nena EN 33 Common Logarithm esee 33 Exponentiate eeaeeeeeeeeeeeeereenenr renere eee 33 Communications Elements Natural Logarithm ssec 34 CLOSE COMM PORT een 74 RADIANS retenu ten eta eer ues 31 COMM PORT RECEIVED 75 sre Ilo 34 COMM PORT TRANSMIT 74 Ee EL ML 31 MODBUS
157. n the definition of those values In order for an analog voltage or current to be used by a digital computer a circuit called an Analog to Digital Converter ADC is used This circuit accepts a voltage or current that is designed to fall within a given range and convert that value into a binary representation that is suitable for use by the digital computer For the OCS there are two classes of ADC Input cards straight analog inputs cards and thermocouple RTD input cards The straight card is as described above A voltage or current analog of some measurement is input into the card The card then converts this analog value to a binary value to be used by the OCS The value can represent any measurable quantity flow rate weight percent used etc The thermocouple RTD cards are used to measure temperature Although conceptually identical to the straight card the thermocouple RTD card is calibrated to produce readings in degrees or fractions of a degree and is thus much more specific than the straight card 9 2 Analog Conversion An analog signal can vary smoothly between two distinct values Mathematically it is said that an analog signal consists of an infinite number of discrete points between Point A and Point B To be useful to the digital computer the analog signal must be quantitized into a finite number of discrete levels The number of levels is determined by the capabilities of ADC Module There are several methods used to qu
158. nd Resistance Temperature Devices Rtd MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 125 CH 10 CHAPTER 10 THERMOCOUPLES amp RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DEVICES RTD 10 1 General Thermocouple and RTD input SmartStack modules work on the same principle as the straight ADC modules but their output is converted to degrees rather than an arbitrary 32000 to 32000 scale Also the thermocouple input modules provide software linearization of the readings while the straight ADC module converts the values as received and performs only a normalization process 10 2 Resistance Temperature Device RTD A Resistance Temperature Device RTD is a device that behaves as a temperature dependent resistor It is made of platinum and the resistance versus temperature transfer curve is well known RTD devices are generally useful in the temperature range of 200 C to 600 C The standard RTD measures 100 00 ohms at 0 0 C 200 ohms 500 ohms and 1000 ohms are also commonly available RTDs are also rated in terms of ALPHA also know as Temperature Coefficient of Resistance or TCR This is a measure of the devices curve Alpha is a direct result of the purity of the platinum used with higher alphas representing the purest platinum Typically alphas for RTDs are in the 0 00375 to 0 003927 range 0 003927 represents the purest device Most common devices have alpha of 00385 The most important point to know about alpha is that when one replaces an exist RTD one must replac
159. ne the number of decimal digits displayed The number of integer digits displayed is the number of digits minus the number of decimal digits For scientific notation format this value will determine the number of decimal digits displayed The number of integer digits allowed for entry is the number of digits minus the number of decimal digits The number of displayed integer digits is always one The number of exponent digits is always two e Zero Fill This checkbox causes the value to be displayed with leading zeros to fill out all specified digits e Editable This checkbox allows the object to be selected and the numeric value to be changed When checked a Min and Max field will be displayed which will limit values entered by the user e 3D Sunken 3D Raised Adds 3D dimensions to the object if desired e Engineering units This field allows a short single line of text to be entered specifying the engineering units of the value i e F mV Ibs etc PAGE 172 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 Object Behavior e Control register types binary or analog This object will accept any register type and size however Register Width field must specify 1 bit type for discrete register types l Q etc Register Width must specify the number of bits to convert for an analog value e Functionality The current OCS register value is converted to the specified format every 150ms and displayed in the object If editable a new value ma
160. nennennne nene nrne nnen 30 ADD AORE A SE E PEET ENEN PE A TET 27 Configuring cesses 27 DIVIDE agedeelt g e deed 28 MOD ECCE 29 MULTIPLY EE 28 Square Hot 30 SUBTRACT nees eege ee Eege 28 Meter decime ENEE i ds 188 Miscellaneous Elements ADD Vertical Branche 89 Deleter Vertical Branch 89 MOD modulo eee 29 MODBUS MASTER assssssennsenerreenrrrrrnennn 78 Modbus Slave MANO313 04 Master Mapping sseeceeeeeeeeeeeeerreeereenen 78 MODBUS GL ANE 77 MODEM CONTPROL 76 MOVE CONSTANT 61 MOVE DWORD sese 57 MOVE WORD deanainn riae aaeain 56 Multi Data Moves MULTI ROTATE WORD Examples 66 MULTI SHIFT DATA MOVE 62 MULTI SHIFT WORD Examples 63 Multi Data Moves 62 Multi Rotate Data Move Terminologie 66 Multi Rotate Data Moves Power Elow 66 Multi Rotate Word Moves Exampl6S tec eo tette tod otin nn 66 Multi Shift Data Move Power Elo 62 Terminologie 62 MULTI SHIFT DATA MOVE ose 62 Multi Shift Word Moves Examples eier ecce ce etit TA Ne 63 Multiplexed key definitions 179 M ltiply 2 55 22 1 cete oet citi bee tet od on iss 28 Natural Logarithm esses 34 Network Elements Net Get Heartbeat a 70 Net Get Words ssesssssseesss 69 Net Put Heartbeat 70 Net Put Words 69 Next Sore eT 1 ren re RR e
161. ng objects in a group e Select the group e Right click within the group and select Align e Select the appropriate action 16 5 Object Properties Once an object is placed on the screen that object s properties must be configured These properties define the functionality and display format of the object The object s property configuration is accessed though that particular object s properties dialog box To access an object s property dialog box double click with in the objects bounding rectangle Switch Properties sl Controller Register Address Name a Keypress Source Attach to nearest soft key Auxiliary Register Address Name J Switch Type Standard Touch Screen Action Momentary SI IV Legend Plate Return to last screen after press 230 Bezel Indicator Properties gt gt Display Properties Attributes gt gt gt Background Color gt gt gt Legend gt gt gt Line Color gt gt gt Figure 16 2 Property Dialog The following sections describe those properties that typically apply to all the objects For a definition of object specific properties refer to the specific object in the object reference that follows PAGE 156 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 a Controller register Section This section specifies the main OCS register that is associated with the object Depending on the individual objects functionality this register may be
162. ntactically so no errors are reported during compile or run It is the programmer s responsibility to determine if this situation is acceptable or provide corrective action if necessary 2 5 Logic Bitwise Operator Elements 2 5 1 General NOTE Bitwise Elements AND OR etc operate on WORDS string of 16 bits or DWORDS string of 32 bits When using constants with Bitwise elements enter them as 16 or 32 bit UNSIGNED values Operations are performed on the bit patterns of the register After the operation the results are stored in a third result register Neither input is changed 2 5 2 Power Flow Through the Element These elements are always TRUE Power always passes though these elements without dependency on the output value MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 25 CH 2 2 5 8 Configuring Logic Elements To configure the element double click it and then enter the Register Type and Offset address for both input registers and the output register Three 3 registers are required for proper operation of these elements IN1 IN2 and Q result except the NoT function which requires only one input and one output register Either input can be an unsigned WORD or DWORD constant 1 23056 45 etc In fact bothinputs can be constants The Q result register must be specified using Register Type and Offset These functions can operate on either 16 bit integer values or 32 bit value From the Type drop down list select either Word 16 b
163. ntroller reference 7 Reserved 1 1 1 1 O 8 JjReseved Cd 9 Timeout Expired 10 X Frameorpartyeror 11 Invalid checksum crcfromslave 12 Invalidformatfromslave 13 Slave rejected the command 14 Slaverejecedtheaddress 15 Slaverejected thedata i 2 3 4 5 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 PAGE 80 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 This function passes power flow if the associated port is opened and ready for communications 2 18 Special Elements 2 18 1 Overview Special Elements are those which have a functions which are outside the classifications of normal ladder logic elements They include the Stepper Motor Module Configurator and PID Functions 2 18 2 Stepper Move Element a General The Stepper Move element provides the necessary interface between Cscape and the STP100 Single Axis Stepper Controller SmartStack module The STP100 module requires either seven 7 or fourteen 14 consecutive Analog Output AQ registers To program the STP100 module appropriate data must be moved into the assigned AQ registers typically using seven or 14 Move Word elements The purpose of the Stepper Move element is to act as a gathering point to organize information from different points in the ladder program and transfer this data to the STP100 module with one instruction Additionally the Stepper Move element provides a
164. nutes month register16 2 hours year e Functionality Current register value is converted to specified time date format every 150ms and displayed in the object If editable a new value may be entered which is written to the control register e Object Editor editable checkbox enabled 1 Select object with arrow keys and press Edit Enter key 2 First field will be highlighted SELECT mode 3 Select field to edit with Left or Right keys i e hours minutes etc 4 Increment Decrement value by pressing Up Down keys respectively Direct numeric entry is NOT supported 5 To accept the new value in either mode press the Edit Enter key To reject the new value press the Esc key and the previous value will be restored In either case the object will leave edit mode and display the current time or date non highlighted MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 175 CH 16 Object Display Attributes Border static Flash static or dynamic Enable Input dynamic EJ Password Data Allows a 32 bit value to be written to an OCS register with the display field covered Password Data Properties ES Controller Register Address Register width 725i J Name Data Format Justification Font C Left Center C Right ES Font Digits E E v Editable 3D Sunken Display Properties Attributes gt gt gt Background Color gt gt gt Legend gt gt gt Line Color gt gt gt a Data Color gt
165. o I registers the I O Scan of the controller will overwrite any change made to the data by the Ladder Logic program To prevent this the programmer should insure that the data assigned to I points is only read by the program any data written will be over written by the I O Scan or that there is no physical I O assigned to the I locations used The bits in word registers may be used as Boolean values In this case Bit Offset Addressing is used to specify the Register Type Offset and Bit Offset for the required bit 3 3 Storage Order 32 bit values DWORD DINT UDINT occupy 32 consecutive bits of data or two 2 consecutive 16 bit registers For example if a DINT is defined at Register R43 the 32 bit value is contained in R43 and RA44 For 32 bit values data is stored Low Order Word first For example if a DINT is defined at Register R43 and contains the value 65540 0000000000000001 0000000000000100 register R43 will contain 4 and R44 will contain 1 Byte values such as STRINGS are stored High Order Byte first For example to store the string 31 in register R43 store the HEX value 3133 decimal 12595 MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 93 CH 4 CHAPTER 4 AVAILABLE CONTROLLER RESOURCES 4 1 Overview This chapter covers the Internal Resources of the OCS line of controllers 4 2 Tables of Internal Resources The following tables lists the Internal Resources of the GE Fanuc OCS line of controllers NOTE This inf
166. of elements to rotate This can be a constant or a WORD variable DIR This is the direction to rotate If this input is high the data is rotated to the left If this input is low the data is rotated to the right Examples BITs Left by 1 T2 lt T1 amp T3 lt T2 BYTEs Left by 1 R1 high byte R1 low byte R2 low byte R1 high byte WORDS Left by 1 R2 lt R1 R3 lt R2 DWORDs Left by 1 96 R3 R4 lt R1 R2 R5 96R6 lt R3 R4 BITs Right by 1 T2 gt T1 amp T3 gt 96T2 BYTEs Right by 1 R1 high byte gt R1 low byte R2 low byte gt R1 high byte WORDS Right by 1 R2 gt R1 R3 gt R2 DWORDs Right by 1 R3 R4 gt 96R1 R2 96 R5 96R6 gt R3 R4 c Examples of Multi Rotate Word Moves The graphic below is used for the following Multi Rotate Word Moves examples T566 7DIR left MULTI ROTATE WORD MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 CH 2 Example 1 Start with the registers in the following state R1 1 R2 2 R3 3 R4 4 R5 5 T586 T R500 1 RUE After one scan with power flow to the function high R1 5 R2 1 R3 2 R4 3 R5 4 T586 T R500 1 RUE After a second scan with power flow to the function high 9eR1 4 R2 5 R3 1 R4 2 R5 3 T586 T R500 1 Example 2 Start with the registers in the following state note the DIRECTION is now right R1 1 R2 2 R3 3 R4 4 R5 5 T586 F R500 1 ALSE After one scan with power
167. om its selected source it switches screens to that specified in the screen reference Should the Allow ESC to Return property be enabled the object will also queue the current screen before switching to the new screen When attached to a keypress source of softkey or an auxiliary register a low to high transition on that keypress source initiates the screen switch When cursor selection is specified the page object must first be selected with the arrow keys then the Edit Enter key must be pressed to initiate the screen change MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 187 CH 16 This object only initiates a screens change if the current operating level is a USER SR2 zero Should the current screen displaying be generated at the ALARM lever SR2 zero a screen jump object will have no effect Object Display Attributes Border static Enable Input dynamic Show ICON static ca Bar Graph Formats a bar graph associated with a specific source register Bar Meter Properties sl Controller Register Address j Register Width Name ra LT E Scale F Show Scale Limits Maximum fi 00 Font Eze Minimum Tesch EI Display Properties Attributes gt gt gt Background Color gt gt gt EA Legend gt gt gt Line Color gt gt gt FilColor gt gt gt Figure 16 22 Bar Meter Properties Object Specific Properties e Show scale limits Enables display of specified limits on ends of object e S
168. omments The background color which defaults to white may be set to black through the Screens Set background menu or through the right click display menu Individual object foreground and background colors may also be modified to match this color scheme Each screen may also contain a hidden comment section which the designer may use for design comments or documentation The comment editor is accessed through Screens Comments menu or through a button on the tools toolbar C Screen priority levels Screen display control is prioritized at three levels USER ALARM and SYSTEM MENU The SYSTEM MENU has highest priority in that it can always interrupt the current screen when the System keys are pressed The next priority level is that of the ALARM screen An ALARM screen can interrupt the current USER screen when activated by the Force Screen function of the Switch Screen coil from ladder code If neither the SYSTEM MENU nor ALARM screen is active the current USER screen will be displayed The priority level is actually controlled by 3 system controller registers SR1 3 SR1 controls the lowest priority level or USER screen and should always contain a screen number between 1 and 300 SR1 is modified when the Screen Jump object or the Switch Screen ladder coil Switch Screen is used to change the USER screen SR1 is initialized with the Initial screen number at power up and non RUN to RUN mode changes SR2 controls a higher priority or ALARM
169. onstant 1 23056 4 23e 5 etc In fact both inputs can be constants but the result of the comparison would is a fixed TRUE or FALSE From the Type drop down list select either BYTE 8 bit INT 16 bit or DINT 32 bit Both values and the result must be of the same data type BYTE Integer Double Integer or Real NOTE It is not possible to mix register types 16 bit integer 32 bit double integer or 32 bit floating point real In most cases these elements operate on registers capable of holding INT or DINT values such as R or SAT tis possible however to use discrete Boolean points by specifying a Register Type and Offset such as 917 The Offset used must be on a 16 bit boundary 1 17 33 etc When the configuration is complete the element indicates whether INT DINT or values are used MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 39 CH 2 EQUAL EQUAL DINT EQUAL1 REAL EQUAL The EQUAL element compares two values and passes power when the two values are equal in value The values can be constants or register type and offsets NOT EQUAL ZR42 XRA42 R42 4R46 IN2 SPA NZ R461N2 INEQUALITY DINT NOT EQUAL1 REAL NOT EQUAL The NOT EQUAL element compares two values and passes power when the two values are not equal in value The values can be constants or register type and offsets LESS THAN R42 R42 ZR45 1IN2 ZR45 1IN2 LESS THAN DINT LESS THAN1 REAL LESS THAN The LESS THAN element compares two values and passes p
170. ormation is supplied for example and comparison purposes only and is subject to change without notice Refer to the User Manual included with the purchased controller model for complete up to date information Text Based OCS Models Resource MiniOCS OCS100 OCS200 OCS110 OCS210 l Registers 2048 2048 2048 2048 2048 Q Registers 2048 2048 2048 2048 2048 A l Registers 512 512 512 512 512 AQ Registers 512 512 512 512 512 IG Registers 64 0 64 0 64 0 64 0 64 0 QG Registers 64 0 64 0 64 0 64 0 64 0 AIG Registers 32 16 32 16 32 16 32 16 32 16 AQG Registers 32 16 32 16 32 16 32 16 32 16 T Registers 2048 2048 2048 2048 2048 M Registers 2048 2048 2048 2048 2048 R Registers 2048 2048 2048 9999 9999 K Registers 10 10 12 10 12 D Registers 200 200 200 200 200 96S Registers 16 16 16 16 16 SR Registers 64 64 64 64 64 Ladder Code memory 64K 64K 64K 128K 128K Screen Memory 64K 64K 64K 128K 128K Display 2x20 LCD 2x20 LCD 4x20 LCD 2x20 LCD 4x20 LCD text text text text text Keypad 16 17 32 17 32 Screens 200 200 200 200 200 Fields per Screen 16 16 16 16 16 Text Tables 200 200 200 200 200 Items per Table 20 20 20 20 20 RCS Models have no display or keypad but the remote text term still allows viewing a virtual display and keypad from Cscape Devicenet models have 16 network words and no network bits Device without networking capabilities have no network registers Extended R registers from
171. ower when IN1 is less than IN2 The values can be constants or register type and offsets GREATER THAN R42 ZR42 R46IN2 ZR45 IN2 GREATER THAN DINT GREATER THAN1 REAL GREATER THAN The GREATER THAN element compares two values and passes power when INI is greater than IN2 The values can be constant or register type and offsets PAGE 40 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 LESS THAN OR EQUAL LESS THAN OR EQUAL DINT LESS THAN EQUAL1 REAL LESS THAN EQUAL The LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO element compares two values and passes power when IN1 is less than or equal to IN2 The values can be constant or register type and offsets GREATER THAN OR EQUAL eR 42 ZXR45 1IN2 GREATER THAN DINT GREATER THAN EQUAL1 REAL GREATER THAN EQUAL OR EQUAL The GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO element compares two values and passes power when IN1 is greater than or equal to IN2 The values can be constant or register type and offsets LIMIT Limit Function MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 41 CH 2 This functions determines if an input IN values is numerically in the range defined by the Low and High IN This defines the Register Type and Offset address for comparison Low This is either a constant or a Register Type and Offset address for the lower limit of comparison High This is either a constant or a Register Type and Offset address for the upper limit of comparison If Low z High This function passes power if the input is insi
172. pe nennen enne hen enne h etes nnne esten 35 2 7 2 Power Flow Through the Element 35 2 7 8 Configuring Math Equations essem mene n n ene n nhe nnns 36 2 4 Typing ShoFrtCUt cioe pedet nu oH ec Pera ido e ettet Dod Ea tay Doria Odd Beta but dee 36 2 7 5 Register BI T TTo arc lilojo em 37 2 7 6 Numeric Constants cce edens eere deseada ee Hide cia rare uen dene paie reeves 37 24 Operators eoe tee etre Coda acera Ced dea bre ee Eod eta tay Dec a QUE T 37 2 8 Gompare Elements itinera ondes ENEE EEN edd ENEE 38 2 8 1 Geel al avers Mee eee ONGEN Ever epe xn eee rune dee E ENEE 38 2 8 2 Power Flow Through the Element 38 2 9 Program Control Jump Label Call Return and End Elements 41 2 9 1 Lapel Element enaena cede ER OO Ie E b D e thavedtate toss eta Ra deta DEN Bett 41 2 92 Vus EL 42 2 9 9 Call Element ise e ier Pierce e biz t qe Bie oti leds 43 2 9 4 Returni Element sauerei 44 2 9 5 End Program Element meoir ea aiai ar A E aE E ANATRA geed 44 2 10 Gopnversiott E TEI EE E E TEA AE E EA AA SEE A 44 PAGE 8 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 2 1031 General toca Ed E ee s Edi Ma Ose e tired 44 2 10 2 Caveats of Conversion coe i vetere veux in ees eno er ve EN Euh 44 2 10 3 Configuring Conversion Elements 45 21 Tirierand Gouhntets c cive iie e Dei Cete rr Sean ic Dile E EENS 47 2 12 Shift and Rotate Elements 52 2 12 AGO SV Alize ee cee aca ee e eii cv TOR M
173. performed the registers contain R42 65535 R50 0 R44 65535 R51 0 R44 65535 R52 0 R45 65535 R53 0 R46 65535 R54 0 R47 65535 R55 0 R48 65535 R56 0 R49 65535 R57 0 After the element is finished the registers contain R42 65535 R50 65535 R44 65535 R51 65535 R44 65535 R52 65535 R45 65535 R53 65535 R46 65535 R54 65535 R47 65535 R55 65535 R48 65535 R56 0 R49 65535 R57 0 INDIRECT MOVE NOTE The Indirect Move element operates on 16 bit data only Operation of this element is similar to the Block Move instruction A block of data is moved from one location in memory to another Zi MOVE INDIRECT Refer to Power Flow Through the Element The difference though is how the element obtains the address of the source block rN the destination block Q or both In this case one has the option of specifying the address directlyin Register Type and Offset format or indirectly With the ndirect format the register specified contains the offset of the first R register to be moved In the case of the destination the register contains the address or offset of the first R register of the destination block NOTE Indirect addressing uses onlyto R registers The sourceor destination register itself can be any register Any register can be specified if the INDIRECT box is unchecked MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 59 CH 2 Either IN Q or both can be direct or indirect Constant values however are not
174. periment to change the output based on 2 3 the set point Use this option when it is not desired for the process to travel above the setpoint during the auto tuning experiment Using the Auto Tune Function Prior to autotuning it is necessary to partially set up the PID block as before Specifically the Setpoint Sample Period Upper and Lower Clamp Error Term and Output Polarity need to be set correctly The previous values of the proportional integral and derivative coefficients do not affect the results of autotuning The default settings for the autotune cycle produce Proportional Integral and Derivative coefficients using the standard Ziegler Nichols rules This is suitable for many typical processes with delay and one or two equal lags and with a fairly quiet process variable Non default settings may be selected to improve the autotuning behavior in certain circumstances These selections only affect the generation of autotuning coefficients The controller type field defaults to PID but can be set to Pl Proportional Integral or just P Proportional control PI control tends to be more stable with processes that do not have any delay just lags Full PID control can give better response for processes with delay The full PID tuning rules assume that the process has a moderate delay and may not be suitable for other processes These modes are produced by the autotuning algorithm by setting the unused coefficients to zero These may sub
175. purposes the format consists of a six digit value with floating decimal point and an optional exponent If the number to be displayed can be displayed in six digits or less there is no exponent 3 14159 654321 12 001357 000032 The sign or is optional If the sign is not included then is assumed Numbers with more decimal places are displayed using Scientific Notation This displays a six digit number with decimal point and an exponent The exponent part is indicated by the letter or e the sign of the exponent or and a two digit number that is the exponent For example 0000000004567 4 567e 10 3143286945 3 14329e 09 Note that in the second example some precision is lost because there are only six significant digits possible Internally floating point numbers are stored in single precision 32 bit IEEE format This format uses a 23 bit mantissa the value portion an 8 bit exponent and a single sign bit It is important to note that 32 bits are required for storage In the OCS this requires two 2 consecutive 16 bit word registers presumably sp PAGE 112 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 7 RANGE Given the single precision 32 bit IEEE format acceptable values range from 3 40282E 38 a very small fractional number to 3 40282E 38 a very large integer number SIGNIFICANT DIGITS The real number format supports six 6 significant digits When more than six 6 significant digits are disp
176. r 32 bit a MOVE WORD MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 57 CH 2 b MOVE DWORD During configuration from the Type box select either WORD 16 bit or DWORD 32 bit For example if before the element is performed the registers contain SR42 34567 SR43 12 SR44 63 SR45 127 SR46 82 After the element is finished the registers contains SR42 34567 SR43 12 SR44 63 SR45 127 SR46 34567 The IN value can also be configured as an unsigned numeric constant For example if IN is configured as the value 1492 register R46 contains the value 1492 after the element completes WARNING If the IN value is a signed numeric constant it is treated as an unsigned number when the element is configured For example if IN is configured as 1 the value 65535 is used For DWORD 32 bit Moves two sequential registers are effected For example if the value in RA2and R43 is 103582 registers R44and R45 contain the value 103582 after the element is completed BLOCK REGISTER MOVE NOTE The Bl1ock Move element operates on 16 bit data only This element moves a block of registers from one location to another location BLOCK MOVE WORD WARNING If the IN value is a signed numeric constant it is treated as an unsigned number when the element is configured For example if IN is configured as 1 the value 65535 is used PAGE 58 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 Using the above illustration as an example if before the element is
177. r logs as a include standard round square or rocker list or an indicator button Color Touch models switches Switches can be tied to a soft key on the OCS screen or controllers register Selector Object Displays and formats a DW multi position switch that is associated with a write register Position switch types include one two three or four position switches Position switches can be tied to a soft key on the OCS screen or a controller register MANO313 04 CH 16 17 SEP 2002 16 7 8 Drawing Primitives toolbar DIOIoON 16 8 Rectangle A drawing tool used to create and format rectangular and square shapes Ellipse A drawing tool used to create and format ellipses and circle shapes Tools Reference Selector PAGE 165 Line A drawing tool used to create and format lines Rounded Rectangle A drawing tool used to create and format rounded rectangular shapes The Selector arrow is a default tool that appears on screen unless another operation is active The Selector arrow selects moves and resizes single objects or objects that have been grouped together When the left mouse button is clicked handles appear which are used to resize the object When the right mouse button is clicked on the object the pull down menu below appears Cut Ctrl X Copy Ctrl C Paste Ctrl V Delete To Front To Back Edit Legend gt gt gt To move an object left click on the object
178. re manufactured by HE APG is free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service The obligation of HE APG under this warranty shall be limited to the repair or exchange of any part or parts which may prove defective under normal use and service within two 2 years from the date of manufacture or eighteen 18 months from the date of installation by the original purchaser whichever occurs first such defect to be disclosed to the satisfaction of HE APG after examination by HE APG of the allegedly defective part or parts THIS WARRANTY IS EXPRESSLY IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR USE AND OF ALL OTHER OBLIGATIONS OR LIABILITIES AND HE APG NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANY OTHER PERSON TO ASSUME FOR HE APG ANY OTHER LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE OF THIS Cscape Software THIS WARRANTY SHALL NOT APPLY TO THIS Cscape Software OR ANY PART THEREOF WHICH HAS BEEN SUBJECT TO ACCIDENT NEGLIGENCE ALTERATION ABUSE OR MISUSE HE APG MAKES NO WARRANTY WHATSOEVER IN RESPECT TO ACCESSORIES OR PARTS NOT SUPPLIED BY HE APG THE TERM ORIGINAL PURCHASER AS USED IN THIS WARRANTY SHALL BE DEEMED TO MEAN THAT PERSON FOR WHOM THE Cscape Software IS ORIGINALLY INSTALLED THIS WARRANTY SHALL APPLY ONLY WITHIN THE BOUNDARIES OF THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES In no event whether as a result of breach of contract warranty tort including negligence or otherwise
179. register values to plot per pen Do not exceed the maximum number width of display area that is displayed next to this field in parentheses e Configure Pens button Accesses dialog for specifying the starting controller register and associated pen style for each pen Up to four pens can be specified with one of three styles solid dotted or dashed e Axis Properties button Accesses dialog for defining each axis label limits Y scaling and ticks e Trigger OCS register 1 bit reference which controls when plot is calculated and displayed PAGE 196 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 Object Behavior e Functionality Once triggered the object will plot the data for each configured pen starting with the associated controller reference and continuing with consecutive registers for the Number of values to plot The first plot begins on the Y axis with the following points proportionally spaced and connected Each control register value is treated as a 16 bit signed value and vertically scaled and limited to the Y Min and Y Max values presented in the Axis Dialog The editor will display the width and height respectively of the object s trend display area in a small white box on the trend object The user may use the width dimension to determine the total number of samples that the trend object can display Object Display Attributes Border Alarm Displays alarm summaries or logs as a list or an indicator button Color Touch mod
180. rently loaded network configuration Security Data CRC Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the CRC value used for error detection for the currently loaded security data Network ID Ladder Read Text Read Write Min 1 Max 253 based on OCS200 100 in CsCAN mode as of printing This register displays or sets the controller s network ID RESERVED Network Required Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the status of the network required flag If this value is a 1 the network is required and any networking errors causes the controller to report an error If this value is a 0 the network is not required and networking errors is ignored LCD Contrast Ladder Read Text Read Write Min 1 Max 40 based on OCS200 100 as of printing This register allows the LCD contrast to be displayed or modified This only applies to controllers with LCD displays Key Toggle Mode Ladder Read Write Text Read Write Min 0 Max 1 based on OCS200 100 as of printing This register displays or sets the mode for the keyboard When this register is a 0 the keypad is in momentary mode When this register is 1 it is in toggle mode This only applies to controllers with keypads MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 101 CH 5 SR34 Serial Protocol Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the current serial protocol for PORT 1 on the controller 0 Firmware Update 1 CsCAN 2 Generic Ladder controlled serial 3 Modbu
181. respective registers Apart from the autotuning function operation of the autotuning PID blocks is identical to that of the non autotuning PID blocks Auto tune PID allows the PID controller to perform an experiment on your process and use the results to calculate PID coefficients that match your process and the desired PID operation When auto tune PID is enable this dialog allows the entry of auto tuning parameters Auto Tune Parameters Start Auto Tune Auto Tune Done Address 245 Address 2046 Name Start tune Name Tune done Auto Tune T pel PID Noise Filtering 0 04 rejection Controller Response Fast v Tune at 2 3 Setpoint Cancel Start Auto Tune This is a Register Type and Offset that defines an input bit that controls when the function should start the auto tune process Auto Tune Done This is a Register Type and Offset that defines an output bit that is set by the function when the auto tune is complete Auto Tune Type This options allows the auto tune procedure to calculate terms for PID PI or P terms PAGE 88 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 Controller Response This option defines the relative speed of the PID loop once it is tuned Noise Filtering This option defines how far above and below the setpoint the process must go when performing the auto tune experiment Processes with more noise should be setup with a high percentage Tune at 2 3 Setpoint This allows the auto tuning ex
182. ring the shift the output bit is returned to the first bit on the left end of the value The value is shifted by N counts Both IN1 and N can be either register designation SR SAI or integer values 8 23 Q must be a Register Offset Address BITWISE ROTATE RIGHT DWORD ROTATE RIGHT R41 1010010100111100 42300 SHR 11 R43 1010011110010100 42900 2 13 Data Move Elements 2 13 1 Single Data Moves Data Move elements allow the movement of data between registers i e read an Analog Input sAI and place it into a storage register sR Data Moves can also be used to move constant values into registers move blocks of data from one location to another or to fill a block of registers with the same value The values in the source registers are not changed except if during a Block Move or Block Fill element the operation of the element overwrites the source register PAGE 56 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 a Type Checking There is no type checking Values are moved in a bit wise fashion without regard to the type or polarity of the source nor destination The Block Move instructions can be used to move WORD DWORD or REAL value from source to destination Note that each DWORD or REAL value moves two 2 WORD registers b Power Flow Through The Element Power flow through the element is always TRUE after the element completes The exception to this is the Indirect Move Element In this case the move is considered invalid and power f
183. roller register Animation Properties x Controller Register Address Register Width Name d fi SS E Frame Number pP 4 Pick Frame gt gt gt _EditFrame gt gt gt Frame gt _EditFrame gt gt gt _Delete Frame Frame _Insert Frame Frame V Scale to fit Attributes gt gt gt cece Figure 16 24 Animation Properties Object Specific Properties e Frame number Selects the frame number to associate a bitmap too e Pick Frame button Displays dialog that allows user to access a bitmap file e Edit Frame button Invokes configured bitmap editor with selected frame bitmap Note that the Tools Set Bmp Editor must be configured to the file location of a bitmap bmp editor Generally this is MS Paint which is supplied as part of the Windows or NT operating system e Delete Frame button Deletes the bitmap at the current frame number and moves all of the bitmaps at higher frame numbers down by one Deletes a bitmap from a sequence of frames e Insert Frame button Moves all bitmaps at and above the current frame number up by one Opens up space in a sequence for the addition Pick of a bitmap MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 191 CH 16 e Scale to Fit Resizes imported bitmaps to match bounds of the object If not selected the object s lower right bounds are recalculated to match the first frame bitmap s dimensions If the bitmap is larger than the screen or the first frame bitmap
184. roper values from the configuration dialog box Counter Setup ES Counter Counter Address Ir Name counter 1 Setpoint PV 167 IP Name Lount set Ge Up Counter C Down Counter Reset Input Address Tom vm Name cnt reset TEM Counter Setup MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 51 CH 2 Counter Address Type in the Register Type and Offset to be used by this timer Each counter requires two 2 consecutive addresses PV Setpoint This is the preset value for the counter When the counter reaches this value its output becomes TRUE thus passing power to any other elements on this rung Up Counter Down Counter This determines the direction of count UP or DOWN Reset Input Address This determines which point is used to reset the timer This should be a Boolean point In this box select the Register Type and Offset Reset Input Name If the point used to reset the timer has already been named highly recommended one can select it by name rather than by Type and Offset NOTE The Reset Input must be configured even if it is not used Counter Operation Counter Operation The counter counts inactive to active transitions of its input power When the count reaches some preset value the output becomes active but the counter continues to count input pulses The Counter can be reset at any time by applying power to the Reset input Note The Reset Input must be configured even if it is not used
185. rtual menus allow the operator to scroll a cursor through a list of screens and then press Edit Enter to jump to the selected screen A Screen Jump object can be configured with an absolute Screen number or receive a screen number indirectly through an OCS register at run time allowing program dependent screen navigation When a screen is created with the editor there is NO specific indication on whether that screen will be displayed under USER or ALARM screen priority level The priority level is determined at run time through indirect control of the SR 1 3 system registers Normally all objects will function on any particular screen regardless of the screen priority level USER or ALARM However the Screen Jump object is an exception in that it will only effect a screen change if the current screen priority level is at USER For more information on the Screen Jump object refer to the Screen Jump object in the object reference e Screen jump queue Included in the screen jump mechanism is a screen jump queue The Screen Jump object can optionally save its associated screen s number to the queue before effecting the jump When the operator is finished with the information on the new screen the front panel ESC key can then be used to return to the screen effecting the jump This allows operators to back out of help screens action warning screens or a sequence of virtual menus by pressing the ESC key for each level Up to 16 jump levels can be
186. s OFF or FALSE If any math error occurs the value placed into the left side of the equation is invalid PAGE 36 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 2 7 3 Configuring Math Equations To configure a math equation double click on the element and then type in the desired equation in the format result equation result must bea register typically SR is a REQUIRED equal sign equation is the equation to be performed The TOTAL length of the equation string is limited to 80 characters This includes the result location specification and equal sign sR5 and the equation itself The complete equation can be configured to use either INT 16 bit DINT 32 bit or REAL values Note that all references in the equation are of the type selected NOTE It is not possible to mix INT 16 bit DINT 32 bit or REAL values in the same equation NOTE Multiplication must be explicitly shown R4 4 R1 4 is NOT valid It must be expressed as tR4 4 R1 4 2 74 Typing Shortcut In order to save typing time and to reduce the possibilities of typing errors available operations are selected from the More menu First place the cursor in the equation at the point where an operation is to appear and then click the More button gt A pop up menu appears Add Subtract Multiply Divide Modulo MOD Square Root SORTI Absolute Value ABS MENU MORE POPUP After the operation is inserted move the c
187. s RTU 4 Modbus ASCII SR35 SR36 Serial Number Low and High Ladder Read Text Read This 32 bit register displays the electronic serial number of the controller This differs from the serial number printed on shipping or production labels SR37 Model Number Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the binary number associated with the model For example OCS100s OCS200s and RCS210s all have different model numbers SR38 Engine Version Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the firmware engine version There is an implied decimal point after the second digit 12345 123 45 SR39 BIOS Version Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the firmware bios version There is an implied decimal point after the second digit 12345 123 45 SR40 FPGA Version Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the FPGA an additional software programmed hardware device found on most controllers version There is an implied decimal point after the first digit 12345 1234 5 SR41 LCD Columns Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the number of columns on the text LCD display or virtual display SR42 LCD Rows Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the number of rows on the text LCD display or virtual display SR43 Keypad Type Ladder Read Text Read This register displays the keypad type PAGE 102 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 SR44 SR45 SR46 SR47 SR48 SR49 SR50 SR51 CH 5 R
188. s a Single Quote then the Number of Characters entry box is disabled and contains the count of the number of characters typed in Note that a hexadecimal sequence 0A appearing in a string constant is counted as a single character 2 17 Communication Elements 2 17 1 Configuring Serial Port Elements Communication Open Comm Port Serial Port Open The Open Port element creates a channel to the desired comm port The operational parameters baud rate etc are also set by this element The channel remains open until closed by the Close Port element or the controller is taken out of RUN mode The configuration dialog consists of a number of drop down selection lists Make the selection of the comm port s operational parameters from these lists PAGE 74 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 NOTE In the current release of the OCS hardware there is only one comm port available Port 1 Power flow through the element is TRUE if the element completes successfully or if the port is already open If one attempts to open a port that does not exist power flow through the element is FALSE The selected port can not be used for programming using the CsCAN protocol if it has been otherwise opened by this element OCS units with only one comm port can still be programmed by using a Pass Through Connection from another unit Close Comm Port CLOSE 14PORT SERIAL PORT CLOSE This element closes the channel to the selected port There are no op
189. s are being overridden 11 5 Viewing a List of Forced Items To view a list of the registers being forced select the Debug menu then the Forcing sub menu and then choose View Forces This displays the dialog shown below orcing Status ENABLED EN Port Value Name INPUTS D Word 10003 On 10004 Off OUTPUTS D Word SIE On 0002 Off Figure 11 5 Dialog View Forcing The title bar of this dialog shows ENABLED or DISABLED to indicate if forcing is enable or disabled on the target controller The forcing table is divided into two sections INPUTS and OUTPUTS INPUTS indicate contacts that were forced while OUTPUTS indicate coils that are being forced Under each of these sections is a list of registers and the current force state ON or OFF of the register PAGE 134 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 11 Because forcing information is stored in battery backed ram there is a limit to the number of contacts and coils that can be forced After the title INPUTS or OUTPUTS there is a number of WORDS used in the forcing table 1 Word Every 16 consecutive register bits require 1 WORD of forcing space At the time of printing the controller limit was set to 42 WORDS of forcing which allows a combination of up to 672 contacts and coils to be forced If the registers forced are not sequential this number can be lower Cscape keeps track of this resource and generates an error message if the forcing table becomes full MANO313 04
190. s the number of bytes to be copied from the port s internal buffer to the registers at DATA or 1 when the function is not PAGE 76 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 f the port is not opened the Receive Element does nothing and power flow through the element is FALSE Power flow through the element is FALSE until the requested number of characters has been received from the comm port buffer at which time the power flow will be TRUE It is possible that the element can not transfer all data in one program scan time especially at slower baud rates The BYTES can be a Register Type and Offset references The maximum acceptable value is 255 bytes When using a Register Type and Offset address if the register contains a value less than 0 zero or greater than 255 the element does nothing and power flow through the element is FALSE MODEM CONTROL Init Action Status F XR12 Modem Control This element allows the OCS to control an attached modem Port Number is the COMM port to which the modem is attached NOTE In the current release the only available comm port is Port 1 Status is the Type and Offset of a WORD 16 bit register used to hold the results of the element The status can take on the following values while operating Value 1 Status The command timed out modem did not respond EE EE Action is the action to be taken From the drop down list select one of the following IN
191. sed this button causes inserted or moved Static Text objects or Drawing Primitives to snap to the secondary grid lines If the Snap to Primary Grid button is disabled this button will also cause the other object types to snap to the secondary grid H PAGE 164 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 16 7 2 Object toolbar Slider This object allows an analog value to be adjusted with a simulated slider and or trim buttons Color Touch models Numeric Data Formats numeric data that is Screen Jump Formats a screen jump to a either read from a specific register or if specific screen number address number desired is written to the register Screen jumps can be tied to a soft key on the OCS screen or a controller register Time Data Formats the time date display Bar Graph Formats a bar graph associated with that is read from registers or if desired is a specific source register Scale ranges are written to registers selected by the user Password Data Formats a password that is Meter Formats a meter associated with a written into a register K specific source register Scale ranges are selected by the user Text Table Creates a text table and formats Static Bitmap Allows the user to select copy the text in the table that is read from a and paste a bitmap from a file or add a bitmap into register or if desired is written to the register the default bitmap directory It also allows the editing of a bitmap via a bitmap editor select
192. sequently be manually increased to enable the other modes The response field can be used to increase the controller damping to decrease overshoot and ringing For a typical Ziegler Nichols process the default FAST response produces some overshoot and a 4 1 decay ring down MEDIUM produces a slight overshoot SLOW produces no overshoot With processes that are outside the optimum range for Zeigler Nichols rules the VERY SLOW response may be necessary for adequate response During autotuning the algorithm detects the process passing above and below the active setpoint Hysteresis is applied to the setpoint to the avoid false indications due to process noise The default hysteresis band is 0 04 of full scale For noisy processes this may need to be increased for proper autotuning the NOISE SUPPRESSION setting results in the following noise rejection values Higher noise rejection values also cause the autotuning algorithm to select somewhat slower more stable coefficients For noisy processes it is also recommended that PI rather than PID control be selected How Auto Tuning Works The auto tuning function block performs and experiment on the process to be controlled and uses the results to calculate the PID coefficients While auto tuning the output is moved back and forth between the upper and lower clamps The time for the process to move from a percentage based on noise filtering above and below the setpoint is recorded along with overshoo
193. ses but neither Integral nor Derivative control alone is sufficient to control a process Integral and Derivative are helpers which respond to differing condition of the process PID is an acronym for Proportional Integral Derivative PID is a function that applies all three methods simultaneously in order to generate the controller output value Not only is such a function concerned with the raw error proportional but it also considers how long the error has been in effect integral and how quickly the error value is changing derivative SR Integral Dd Ls ena Feedback Process Seipoint Variable Process MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 139 CH 12 When the process is first disrupted the Proportional component attempts to make changes in the Controller Output The Derivative aspect measures how great those changes are and adds a bit more of its value thus making the controller act more aggressively to bring the process back to the setpoint The Integral aspect has little effect here because the error values vary greatly As the process comes more into control the magnitude of the Error begins to reduce The Proportional component is still driving the process towards the setpoint but with the change in errors becoming smaller and smaller the Derivative component begins to be reduced The Integral component seeing that the error value is approaching a steady state value begins to assert itself in order to reduce th
194. shall HE APG or its suppliers be liable of any special consequential incidental or penal damages including but not limited to loss of profit or revenues loss of use of the products or any associated equipm ent damage to associated equipment cost of capital cost of substitute products facilities services or replacement power down time costs or claims of original purchaser s customers for such damages To obtain warranty service return the product to your distributor with a description of the problem proof of purchase post paid insured and in a suitable package ABOUT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES Any example programs and program segments in this manual or provided on accompanying diskettes are included solely for illustrative purposes Due to the many variables and requirements associated with any particular installation Horner APG cannot assume responsibility or liability for actual use based on the examples and diagrams It is the sole responsibility of the system designer utilizing Cscape Software to appropriately design the end system to appropriately integrate the Cscape and to make safety provisions for the end equipment as is usual and customary in industrial applications as defined in any codes or standards which apply Note The programming examples shown in this manual are for illustrative purposes only Proper machine operation is the sole responsibility of the system integrator MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 5 REVISIONS TO THI
195. stant MANUAL INPUT Enter Register Type and Offset address or select a Named register that is the User controlled Manual Input bit This register is a Boolean 1 bit register presumably T MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 87 CH 2 UP INPUT Enter a Register Type and Offset address or select a Named register that is the User controlled UP Input bit This register is a Boolean 1 bit register presumably ST DOWN INPUT Enter a Register Type and Offset address or select a Named register that is the User controlled DOWN Input bit This register is a Boolean 1 bit register presumably ST TUNE Click on the TUNE button to invoke the PID Element Tuning Dialog e PID Autotune The autotuning PID blocks add a number of new features to control the autotuning function An edge triggered boolean AUTOTUNE input starts the autotuning cycle This input needs to be held high during the autotuning cycle If it is negated during the AUTOTUNE cycle the controller stops autotuning and reverts to the previous settings At the conclusion of the AUTOTUNE cycle the specified controller coefficients are updated and the AUTOTUNE DONE output from the block is set to true The PID block now reverts to the previous state either automatic or manual At this point the AUTOTUNE input may be removed which will cause the AUTOTUNE DONE output to be negated The block will then be ready for another autotune cycle The new tuning coefficients are available in their
196. status word is cleared MCB Message Control Block is specified as a Register Type and Offset reference This register is the first of six 6 registers that contain the control information for this block Word 1 Slave ID value from 1 to 247 indicating the device to receive the message Word 2 Modbus Command Modbus command to send to the slave see supported commands Word 3 Slave Offset Starting point in the Modbus slave for data to read or write Word 4 Data Length Amount of data to read or write Word 5Controller Reference Type Enumerated controller register type see register type enumeration Word 6 Controller Reference Offset Controller register number 1 The following example reads 32 bits of data starting with bit 17 from slave ID 34 and placed the data in the controller registers starting with R425 Word 1 34 Slave ID is 34 Word 2 1 Modbus command 1 Read Coil Status Word 3 16 Start with the 16th bit Word 4 32 Read 32 bits Word 5 8 Destination reference type is R Word 6 424 Destination offset is 424 425 1 STATUS is the Type and Offset reference of a WORD 16 bit register used to hold the results of the element Status bit assignment Bit Number ops 1 Request Succeeded OK 1 1 2 Request Failed See additional errors below 3 lDouofrage 5 0 4 Length exceeds Modbusframe 5 Command notsupported O 6 Invalid co
197. sts in the OCS Be sure that there is a copy of the ladder logic program so that it can be loaded into the OCS later if necessary If accepted the Firmware Update Dialog appears Firmware Update ES m Select Firmware File C PROGRAM FILES CSCAPE FIRMWARE OCS 250 HEX D Browse v Dual Processor System r File Progress Idle Si x bytes of mon errors i Cancel If the complete path to the new firmware disk file is known type it in to the Select Firmware File edit box Otherwise use the Browse Button to locate the desired file NOTE For distribution most firmware update files are delivered in ASCII HEX format and has the file extension HEX After selecting the proper file click the Send Button to begin the process PAGE 146 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 13 If the old firmware revision in the OCS RCS unit is at least 7 16 and communications between the OCS RCS and Cscape are operating properly the firmware update process is automatic After the process is complete the controller is automatically reset to allow the new firmware to take effect WARNING It is the user s responsibility to ensure that the updated firmware is the correct version Updating the OCS250 Previous versions of Cscape required multiple steps to update the firmware in an OCS250 Now only a single process is required to update the firmware on an OCS250 as described in this section MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAG
198. t and undershoot readings Once this experiment is complete the data collected is used to calculate the new PID coefficients MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 89 CH 2 2 19 Miscellaneous Elements Miscellaneous Elements include Comments and the Vertical Branch 2 19 1 Comments Comments allow entering descriptive text into the program Comments can be downloaded to the controller Comments do not affect the run time of the program but they can reduce the available memory in the controller if downloaded a Add Vertical Branch To insert a Vertical Continuation click on the Vertical Branch tool Note the change in the mouse cursor Move the mouse cursor to the location where the Vertical Branch is designed the single click the mouse b Delete Vertical Branch To delete a Vertical Branch click on the Vertical Branch tool Move the mouse cursor over the continuation to be removed When the cursor indicates a pencil eraser single click the mouse Warning Removing a Vertical Branch can cause elements to be disconnected Repair those flaws before downloading the program EXAMPLE The following code can be used as a safety interlock Note the use of the Vertical Branch bars to provide the logical OR handling of the three switches 101 is a normally open manually activated switch 102 and 103 represent safety interlock switches that generate a logic HIGH when their associated door is CLOSED ALW ON E ctop sTOP
199. t of control New Setpoint Process Variable There is almost always a lag or time delay in the process Most Process Variables can not change instantly This is especially true of heat related processes Change in heat can be very slow Pressure changes and flow rates can also be tardy These are all due to physical factors in the system and are usually outside the realm of control of the Process Controller 12 4 Bias If the offset in a process is constant it can be removed by simply adding an equal but opposite value called B AS This is a fixed value which is determined by the user but is no changed or operated on by the PID control Many processes can be effectively controlled using on Proportional control and a little bias 12 5 Integral Control Integral functions are added to reduce the offset error amount The Integral function works by measuring how long an error lasts and produces an additional error value that is added into the equation This value is tuned such that it almost completely eliminates the Proportional Offset error The collecting and smoothing of values over time is known as integration Because of the integrating action the Int egral portion of the control does not take full effect until the Process Variable starts to approach a steady state i e correction value become less and less significant value Quick changes in error are smoothed out by the integrating action and have less effect on the
200. t to Positive Infinity if the value is greater than 3 40282E 38 or Negative Infinity if the value is less than 3 40282E 38 NOT A NUMBER NAN If an infinity result is passed through to other calculations the result can be undefined This is know as Not a Number NAN In the case of a NAN result power flow through the offending element is OFF If a NAN result is passed through to another element it feeds through to successive elements MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 113 CH 8 CHAPTER 8 STP100 SMARTSTACK MODULE 8 1 General NOTE This is a general overview Please refer to the User Manual SUP0270 shipped with the module for more complete discussion of this module s programming and use STP100 Single Axis Stepper Controller SmartStack module provides Absolute Relative and Indexed stepper move operations for a single axis This module uses sixteen 16 Digital Input points l sixteen 16 Digital Output points Q four 4 Analog Input points Al and either seven 7 or fourteen 14 Analog Output points AQ depending the operational mode To facilitate STP100 programming Cscape provides a special Stepper Move function block The function block acts as a Data Move block to load fixed or variable data into the STP100 s AQ registers It leaves only the actual sending of the command to be handled at the program s convenience 8 2 Command Bits The sixteen 16 Digital Output points Q are used as Command Bits
201. tains 1 negative one Power flow through the element is FALSE until the requested number of characters have been transferred to the comm port transmit buffer at which time the power flow is TRUE It is possible that the element can not transfer all data in one program scan time If the port is not open the Transmit Element does nothing and power flow through the element is FALSE If the value contained in BYTES is greater then 255 the element does nothing and power flow through the element is FALSE The number of bytes can be either a Register Type and Offset references or a decimal constant The maximum acceptable value is 255 bytes When using a Register Type and Offset address if the register contains a value less than 0 zero or greater than 255 the element does nothing and power flow through the element is FALSE Comm Port Receive RX Count R02 Serial Port Receive If the port has been successfully opened this element receives a specified number of bytes from the selected comm port PORT is the comm port previously opened by the ladder program NOTE In the current release the only available comm port is Port 1 BYTES can be specified as either a Register Type and Offset reference or as a decimal constant This value indicates the maximum number of bytes to be received DATA is the address where the received data is to be stored This must be specified as a Register Type and Offset reference RX COUNT contain
202. tatic Flash static or dynamic Enable Input dynamic Text Table Data Creates a text table and formats the text in the table that is read from a register or if desired is written to the register Text Table Data Properties E Controller Register Address Register Width bei J Name J Data Format Justification Font e Left Center C Right s Font J Digits Text Table Number E EI Text Table fi P Editable 3D Sunken Display Properties Attributes gt gt gt Background Color gt gt gt Legend gt gt gt Line Color gt gt gt IR Data Color gt gt gt Ee Cancel Figure 16 15 Text Table Data Properties MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 177 CH 16 Object Specific Properties e Justification Specifies the location within the object s rectangular bounds that the Text will be displayed For Text fields shorter than the specified number of digits the fields will be shifted appropriately to the specified justification For Text fields larger than specified number of digits characters will be clipped on to the right side of the text e Font Specifies font used to display the enumerated text e Digits Specifies the maximum number of enumerated Text characters displayed e Edit Text Table Invokes text table editor that allows text to be added deleted or modified from any text table e Editable This checkbox allows the objects enumerated value to be c
203. te to other devices it is on line and operating normally This function does generate network traffic The message generated normally does not affect bandwidth but if many devices send heartbeat messages frequently it may cause reduction in bandwidth MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 71 CH 2 This function will not pass power flow if the ID is not in the legal range This function works only with CSCAN networks ID This register or constant is usually the primary network ID of the device SR29 but can be in the range defined by the primary network ID and the total number of IDs assigned to this device PT This is how often in milliseconds to send the heartbeat message This has a range of 1 to 6553 Status This register is currently used for internal record keeping Do not allow other function to write to this register 2 16 String Handling Elements 2 16 1 Overview A string is a succession of characters Cscape strings are delimited prefixed and suffixed by the Single Quote character Cscape strings can be zero characters in length The following are some valid Cscape strings Note the placement of the Single Quote characters Hot Length 3 Ve Length 0 AE A single SPACE character Length 1 Any 8 bit binary value is acceptable in a string not just ASCII characters However the usefulness of non ASCII characters is limited by the display capabilities of the unit for which they are intended 2 16 2 Special C
204. ter Type and Offset address for both input registers and the output register Three 3 registers are required for proper operation of these Math Elements Either IN1 or IN2 or both can be signed constants Q must be a register reference In the Type box select either INT 16 bit DINT 32 bit or REAL 32 bit operations For INT operation only single 16 bit registers R43 96AI02 etc are affected For DINT 32 bit and REAL 32 bit operations registers are accessed in 32 bit pairs R43 and R44 etc NOTE Both inputs and the output must be of the same type INT DINT or REAL 2 6 8 Math Operations ADD INTEGER ADD DINT ADD REAL ADD This element adds IN1 and IN2 and places the result in o Q IN1 IN2 PAGE 28 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 Subtract INTEGER DINT REAL SUBTRACT SUBTRACT SUBTRACT This element subtracts IN2 from IN1 and places the results in Q Q IN1 IN2 Multiply INTEGER MULTIPLY DINT MULTIPLY REAL MULTIPLY This element multiples IN1 and IN2 and places the results in Q Q IN1 IN2 Divide ELEMENT INTEGER DIVIDE ELEMENT DINT DIVIDE ELEMENT REAL DIVIDE This element divides IN1 by IN2 and places the result in Q Q IN1 IN2 MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 29 CH 2 If the values are INT or DINT any remainder is lost For example given the IN2 value of 5 the following is a table of some Integer Divide values 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
205. th the mouse clicks b Selecting objects Uncovered Covered Total Number of Objects Selected and Order of Selection Uncovered objects Pressing TAB selects the next object on the screen Selection is denoted by a RED selection band rectangle with sizing handles in the corners and sides outlining the object Should a new object be inserted or the user click on another object the former object is no longer selected and is no longer outlined with the RED selection band Tall up eee o Figure 16 1 Selected Object When an object is selected the area immediately within the selection band is the object s bounding rectangle When placed on a screen an object generally displays a border outline on its bounding rectangle as the default configuration To select an object when editing simply click anywhere within or on that bounding rectangle Covered objects In the case of layered objects click on the visible portion of the object If an object is completely covered it may be temporarily brought to the foreground made visible and selected see Tools Reference To Back OR you can press CTRL TAB to select the next object behind the currently selected object Exception An exception to the selection process occurs with the drawing primitives such as circles and rectangles When the object s background is a solid color selection is as defined above However should the object have a transparent background the user must click direct
206. that each shape counts as an object in the object per page limit Shape Properties x Pen Width H Line Color gt gt gt EE Tran Fill Color gt gt gt Cancel Figure 16 29 Shape Properties e Each primitive s pen width and drawing color is configurable Primitives whose center is enclosed by the outline uses the fill color for the interior e Ifa primitive has transparent fill color selection of the object can NO longer be achieved by clicking anywhere in the objects center To select this type of object the cursor must be moved to the objects line edge before clicking 16 11 Suggested Order of the Visual System Design Process The following plan is an example of approaching the visual system design process 1 Decide what the overall objectives are for the visual system design 2 Determine the processes and events that can be visually displayed e What automated I O devices provide feedback 3 Determine data that an operator needs to know and events that need to be monitored e What data is an operator likely to request When e What events need to be monitored and or acted upon by an operator 4 Define the I O devices involved and give each device a name MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 199 CH 16 5 At this time the programmer can choose to write a Ladder Program using Cscape software or to create graphic screens or develop both simultaneously What devices and information need to be displayed o
207. the controller register If the keypress source is an auxiliary register a change will not be recognized until the first low to high transition This prevents a Function key F1 F10 assigned as the keypress source from generating an erroneous action on entry to this screen should that same key used to generate the screen jump For standard round and rectangular types the outer area of the object s animation ICON will indicate when the Controller Register is ON or OFF This outer area bezel is filled with the Line Color when ON and filled with the Background Color when OFF For the rocker type the upper portion will appear pressed when ON and the lower portion will appear pressed when OFF Note that this animation follows the state of the control register and not the actual keypress source Should the network or ladder rung modify the state of the control register that change would be reflected in the animation PAGE 184 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 Optionally the inner area may also show an On Off state caption Both the ON and OFF state strings can be redefined and may follow the state of the switch controller register or a target device auxiliary register that may be controlled by more than just this switch register Object Display Attributes Border static Enable Input dynamic Show ICON static Selector CH Displays and formats a multi position switch that is associated with a write register Selector Properties xi
208. time between samples Generally units are variable between 1 9999 while the Base is dependent on the trend type For standard and retentive trends the base is selectable between Seconds Minutes and Hours For the other trend types the base is limited to Milliseconds only e Configure Pens button Accesses dialog for specifying the number of pens and each pen s associated control register Up to four pens can be specified with one of three styles solid dotted or dashed e Axis Properties button Accesses dialog for defining each axis label limits Y scaling and ticks e Trend Type Specifies one of the four modes of operation supported e Trigger OCS register 1 bit reference which controls when trend is active halted or cleared Object Behavior e Functionality Once triggered the control register for each of the defined pens is sampled at the specified sample rate and plotted to the objects display area Triggering is level sensitive in that the trend will be active while the trigger is high and the OCS is in RUN mode In all modes trending will cease when the trigger register is set low On the detection of a low to high transition of the trigger by the object previous trend data will be cleared before the new trace begins On RUN STOP RUN cycles previous trend data will NOT be cleared and trending will continue if the associated trigger was maintained high through the transition assumes NO screen change for snap shot and con
209. tinuous modes Each control register value is treated as a 16 bit signed value and vertically scaled and limited to the Y Min and Y Max values presented in the Axis Dialog 1 Snap shot scope high speed This mode allows capture of up to one object display s width of data after triggering Object is only active and can only hold data while its associated screen is being displayed Minimum sample rate is 10ms 2 Continuous scope high speed This mode allows continuous updating of data after trigger screen scrolls once display width full Object is only active and can only hold data while its associated screen is being displayed Minimum sample rate is 50ms 3 Standard trend This mode allows continuous updating of data after trigger regardless of whether the object s associated screen is being displayed Additionally the object s screen does NOT need to be displayed for trigger control The screen containing the object only needs to be visible for viewing data If trending is continued through a RUN STOP RUN cycle a vertical dashed line marks that event in the trend data 4 Retentive trend Behaves as Standard trend with the exception that the object s last display width of data is retained in battery backed memory and is restored to the object at power up If the trend is running at a power cycle a vertical dashed line marks that event in the trend data MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 195 CH 16 On the horizontal axis of the
210. tion can become invalid 0 if the motor stops suddenly This can be caused by an Emergency Stop Lower Limit Error Upper Limit Error and Motor Stalled Error or by issuing an IMMEDIATE STOP command Other commands are issued in a similar manner a If there are any errors present correct the source of the errors then issue the Clear Errors command b Setup the values for the Stepper Move function block and then apply power to the Stepper Move function block c Set the appropriate Command Bit to ON d Check the appropriate status bits for the command e Do not issue another command until this command either completes successfully or errors out PAGE 118 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 8 NOTES MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 119 CH 9 CHAPTER 9 USING ANALOG VALUES WITH CSCAPE AND THE OCS 9 1 Overview Many process control programs require more than simple ON OFF OPEN CLOSED binary control They must deal with temperatures flow rates and levels which vary in a continuous manner from some minimum to some maximum level Various sensor are used to measure the quantity and convert it to a voltage or current level The voltage or current signal is thus a representation or analog of the actual quantity Digital computers i e OCS products or a desktop PC can not deal directly with varying voltage levels Digital computers accept only two voltage levels 0 zero and V There is a considerable amount of acceptable variation i
211. tional only The first step is to disable the Integral and Derivative controls and bring the process into alignment using only the Proportional Control Using Proportional only usually results in an Offset Error That is the actual Process Variable value differs from the Setpoint value by a small relatively constant amount If the offset is small and remains constant it can often be cancelled using the CvBias value Otherwise set CVBias to 0 zero and try using Integral control The Ki Integral control was intended to reduce this error by adding an offset that is based on how long a specific error is present The longer the error is present the more effect the Integral control has So with the Proportional Control properly set begin to increase the Ki until the error is minimized if not completely eliminated Most processes respond well to just these two adjustments proportional and integral However one can find that the Pv wobbles too much around the final value This is known as a damped oscillation Kp need to be adjusted just below the point that the process begins to oscillate and goes further out of control These oscillations can sometimes be further damped using the Kd Derivative control The Derivative Control works on how fast the Pv and thus the resulitng error changes The maximum rate of change occurs just after any disturbance which is also when the Kp is oscillating By increasing the Kd the oscillations can be further d
212. to nearest soft key EE Auxiliary Register f 2I Address Name E Name J Cursor Selectable V Simulate ESC Touch V Allow ESC to Retum Display Properties Attributes gt gt gt Background Color gt gt gt Wes Legend Line Color EN Figure 16 21 Screen Jump Properties Object Specific Properties e Address Number Specifies the page number directly or indirectly by specifying an OCS register to jump too In addition the user may also specify and increment or decrement value This value which must be proceeded by either a or indicates to the object the number of screens to jump forward or backward from the current screen e Touch Screen Used with OCS3xx models e Allow ESC to Return This selection allows up to 16 screens to be saved in a screen queue when the screen jump occurs Thereafter if the operator presses the ESC key after the jump to the specified screen the saved screen is popped from the queue and a jump back to that screen is performed The screen queue will save up to the last 16 screen jumps When no screens are queued the ESC key does not cause a screen change OCS3xx models There is no physical ESC key a screen jump key can be programmed to function as an ESC key Object Behavior e Functionality This object accepts 1 of 3 different types of keypress sources softkey auxiliary reference or cursor selectable When the object receives input fr
213. troller PAGE 70 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 N This is the number of words to send on the network Q This is the starting register for the destination of the data Note that QG registers must be on a word boundary 1 17 33 This is a network register assigned to the network ID 2 15 3 Net Get Heartbeat 500PT mSec Status lt RO002 This function allows the detection of a network heartbeat from another device This function does not generate any network traffic This function works only with CsCAN networks This function will not pass power flow if the ID is not in the legal range or if the device being monitored does not send a heartbeat message in the timeout defined by PT ID This is a register or constant defining the ID of the device to monitor for a heartbeat PT This is the maximum amount of time to wait for the heartbeat from the monitored device This timeout should be greater than the rate the device is sending heartbeat messages Depending on network traffic and scan rates the GET timeout should be 10 to 1000 milliseconds greater than the PUT This has a range of 1 to 6553 milliseconds Status This register is currently used for internal record keeping Do not allow other function to write to this register 2 15 4 Net Put Heartbeat NET ID ZSR 0284ID 250 7PT mSec Status lt A0001 This function allows a device to transmit a heartbeat CSCAN message at a given rate to indica
214. ue Double Integers are used where the value of Integer the data is expected to be in the range of 2 147 483 648 to 2 147 483 647 UINT Unsigned A 16 bit unsigned value Unsigned Integers are used where the Integer value of the data is expected to be in the range of 0 zero to 65 535 USINT Unsigned An 8 bit unsigned value Unsigned Short Integers are used where Short the value of the data is expected to be in the range of 0 zero to Integer 255 UDINT Unsigned A 32 bit unsigned value Unsigned Double Integers are used where Double the value of the data is expected to be in the range of 0 zero to Integer 4 294 967 296 REAL Floating A 32 bit value Values are stored and operated on in IEEE single Point precision six digit format Values range from 3 40282E 38 to 3 40282E 38 STRING String A variable length succession of characters Each character is represented by one byte Typically any Data Type may use any Controller Register For example a DINT value may use either word R or Boolean 1 registers There is a restriction however if Boolean registers are used In this case the value may be assigned only on a suitable boundary For example DWORD DINT and UDINT values may be assigned to Boolean registers only on WORD 16 bit boundaries 1 17 33 etc PAGE 92 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 3 Care must be taken when assigning non Boolean data types to 1 and Q registers For example if a WORD data type is assigned t
215. ultiple lines If vertical or horizontal space is insufficient excess legend text is truncated Justification Select the location within the object for the legend text The following is an example of the different placement options Each object contains an instance of the same switch with a different legend position Figure 16 5 Switch Screen Note that the animation part of the object may resize or reposition depending on the position justification of the legend Different positioning provides different legend functionality i e in a numeric entry field a top or bottom legend could specify the OCS register or a left legend could specify a operator input prompt or a right legend could specify engineering units Insert Special Chars This button allows a pop up selection of the special characters provided by the currently selected font This allows access to special characters such as the degree sign Font Type The legend font may be selected independently of any other text contained in the same object Background Color Background Color gt gt gt This button selects the background or fill color object the OCS250 only supports 2 colors Black and White Line Color Line Color gt gt gt This button selects the foreground color of the object This includes the legend border if enabled and animation lines text PAGE 160 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 Data Color Data Color gt gt gt T
216. urn Q 34 lt RETURN gt amp SO007 Start on rung 1 CALL the subroutine Execute first line of subroutine rung 5 rung 4 is only a LABEL indicating the start of a section Execute rung 6 the RETURN causes execution to start on the rung after the last CALL rung 2 Execute rung 2 CALL the subroutine again Execute first line of subroutine rung 5 rung 4 is only a LABEL indicating the start of a section Execute rung 6 the RETURN causes execution to start on the rung after the last CALL rung 3 Execute rung 3 END PROGRAM ends this scan After I O and other processing start over at rung 1 NOOR Wh gt PAGE 44 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 2 9 4 Return Element ALw ON Return lt RETURN gt 50007 Use the RETURN element to return from a subroutine call If power flow is enabled this will return ladder execution to the rung following the last CALL If a RETURN is executed without a CALL the controller will stop and the Logic Error diagnostic flag will be set No elements can be placed after a RETURN element 2 9 5 End Program Element END PROGRAM Use this element to end the program scan This element does not need a contact before it When this element is executed the scan is immediately finished I O is read other housekeeping is performed and another scan is started This can be used to separate a main section of ladder from subroutines as seen in the example above or can be used to temporarily
217. ursor into position to edit the operation if necessary MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 37 CH 2 2 7 5 Register Designation The result of the equation must be placed in a register Typically this is a R although other registers AQ can be used The size of the register 16 or 32 bits is determined by the setting of the Type box 16 or 32 bit groups of Boolean registers e g referencing 917 thus specifying register 917 932 can also be used The register can be specified using either its predefined name or the type and offset of the register Temp Result equation R10 equation NOTE Since Names are valid Register Types must be preceded with percent sign in order for them to be properly recognized as register references 2 7 6 Numeric Constants Numeric constants may be used by simply entering them This element converts readings from Centigrade to Fahrenheit R22 R15 9 5 32 Warning If INT or DINT math is performed this equation may not produce the expected results 2 77 Operators Equations are entered in standard mathematical format The expected orders of precedence are used ABS Highest SQRT LOG EXP LN SIN COS TAN ASIN ACOS ATAN DEG RAD EXPT multiply divide MOD add subtract Lowest PAGE 38 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 Operational order can be changed by using parenthesis Nested parenthesis
218. user This value is called the Setpoint The Process Controller then generates a value to be sent to the process called the Control Variable The desired parameter is the Process Variable which changes in response to the value sent by the Process Controller The problem with this system is that there is no way for the Process Controller to determine if the process is actually producing the proper Process Variable The Process Controller must assume that the process completes its job quickly and accurately In many cases this is sufficient But these assumptions are often incorrect or inaccurate The process may simply be inaccurate in itself For example a heater can be told to produce 350 degrees but actually produces 400 degrees There is also the possibility that changes in the process itself may produce errors For example adding hot or cold materials to a process certainly changes the temperature of the process PAGE 136 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 12 Any change in the system that produces a change in the Process Variable is called a disruption A disruption can be caused by purposely changing the Setpoint or can be a side effect of some process activity like adding or subtracting material from the process The control system needs to respond equally well to disruptions at either point and to both positive going and negative going changes Most process control systems use feedback This is called a closed loop system In these systems the
219. value to its original state With a Shift Element referencing a DWord register a shift count N larger than 31 loads all bits in the register with 0 With a Rotate Element a shift count N of 32 returns the value to its original state MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 53 CH 2 2 12 8 Shift vs Rotate The difference between the two functions is the use of the data that is shifted out In the SHIFT functions shifted out data is lost except for the bit shifted out during the final shift which is then used as the power status of the element This determines whether or not power is passed through the element If a 0 bit is the last bit shifted out power is not passed through the element If the last bit shifted out is 1 power s passed through the element SHIFT LEFT P sen eie ispio 12 pio e 8 7 e s 4 s 2 140 SHIFT LEFT SHIFT RIGHT Power 0 b16 15 12 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 9 2 1 Status SHIFT RIGHT In the ROTATE functions the shifted out data is re circulated back to the other end of the data field No data is lost Itis rotated into the other end of the field ROTATE LEFT L GerispistsT SIS 8 TS ST S 3 1 ROTATE LEFT ROTATE RIGHT B aRRRT DE EEEH ROTATE RIGHT PAGE 54 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 BITWISE SHIFT LEFT This element performs a LOGICAL SHIFT LEFT on the input register and places the result in the output register During the shift 0 bits are shifted into the right end of the value The value
220. vered in this Manual The following Program Elements are available for use Table 2 1 Program Elements Alarm Handling Function Alarm Setup Screen and Alarm Status Screen Block Communications Elements Close Comm Port Comm Port Transmit Send Modbus Modem Special Operations Stepper PID Miscellaneous Elements Comment Vert bar PAGE 16 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 2 2 Alarm Handling Function Block 2 2 1 Overview The alarm handling function block provides automatic display screen selection based on the current state of one or more alarms The alarm handling function block also acts as an alarm database controller in that each alarm may be time stamped counted acknowledged and cleared Versatility is provided by allowing the user to create a custom alarm screen for each defined alarm This typically includes a user defined message and information from the alarm database such as alarm status alarm count and time date stamp information Once a defined alarm occurs its associated alarm screen is automatically displayed Once the displayed alarm is acknowledged and cleared usually user intervention provided though the OCS keypad the previous display screen or other pending alarms is displayed Alarm Handler Arm CS R0001 Alrm next 470010 Alrm prev T0011 F2_KEY K0002 F1_KEY K0001 10 8 amp Time R0100 Time Only Figure 2 1 Dialog Alarm Handing MANO313 04 17 SEP
221. viewer When enabled the operator is allowed to clear remove entries from either the summary or history logs Font Specifies font used by both the partial list and the alarm viewer Date This checkbox enables the display of the date of occurrence for each alarm in both the partial list and the alarm viewer The corresponding list box allows selection of the specific date format Time This checkbox enables the display of the time of occurrence for each alarm in both the partial list and the alarm viewer The corresponding list box allows selection of the specific time format State The checkbox enables the display of the state of each alarm in both the partial list and the alarm viewer Alarm Groups to Display Selects which group s of alarms to be display by both the partial list and the alarm viewer Background Color When button icon only mode is selected this selection is NOT available The objects background color is determined by the highest alarm state in the objects associated alarm log and the colors specified in the Alarm Configuration menu PAGE 198 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 16 10 Drawing Primitive Reference The following shape drawing primitives allow the user to provide decorative backgrounds borders and shapes for a screen 1 Rectangle 2 Circle 3 Rounded Rectangle 4 Line These objects may be layered and are updated if the dynamic field of a object beneath the drawing primitive is updated Note
222. viewing real time information for the alarms for the currently connect target controller Alarms can be acknowledged cleared or the alarm counter can be cleared from this dialog PAGE 20 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 2 3 Boolean Elements The following Boolean Elements are covered a Normally Open Contact ls Power is passed if the associated reference is ON b Normally Closed Contact d Power is passed if the associated reference is OFF C Normally Open Coil The associated reference is set ON if the coil receives power d Normally Closed Coil 4 The associated reference is set OFF if the coil receives power e Positive Transition Coil Je If the associated discrete reference is OFF when the coil receives power the reference is set ON for one logic scan f Negative Transition Coil d If the associated discrete reference is ON and the coil is not receiving power the reference is set ON for one logic scan g Set Coil d The associated discrete reference is set ON coil receives power It remains set until it is reset by a Reset Coil MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 21 CH 2 h Reset Coil d The associated discrete reference is set OFF if coil receives power It remains set until it is set by a Set Coil 2 4 Display Elements 2 4 10 How to Use Display Screens Cscape supports the OCS product lines built in screens When a coil is used with a D register it becomes a screen display
223. w value press the Esc key and the previous value will be restored In either case the object will leave edit mode and display the entire field of non highlighted Bom PAGE 178 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 16 Object Display Attributes Border static Flash static or dynamic Enable Input dynamic EN ASCII Data Tex Formats text that is read from a register or if desired is written to the register ASCII Data Properties xi Controller Register Address Register Width Dt Name J Data Format Justification Font C Left Center C Right 5x7 Font J Digits E 3l P Editable 3D Sunken Display Properties Attributes gt gt gt Background Color D s Legend Line Color EN Data Color EES Cancel Figure 16 16 ASCII Data Properties Object Specific Properties e Justification Specifies the location within the object s rectangular bounds that the Text will be displayed e Font Specifies font used to display the Text e Digits Specifies the number of Text characters allowed for display entry e 3D Sunken 3D Raised Adds 3D dimensions to the object if desired MANO313 04 17 SEP 2002 PAGE 179 CH 16 Object Behavior e Control Register Register must be on 16 bit boundary and may refer to a consecutive group containing up to two 8 bit ASCII characters per 16 bit word e Functionality Text string starting at the specified control reg
224. with the registers in the following state note the DIRECTION is now right R1 1 R2 2 R3 3 R4 4 R5 5 T1 FALSE R100 123 R200 0 After one scan with power flow to the function high R1 2 R2 3 R3 4 R4 5 R5 123 T1 TRUE R100 123 R200 1 After a second scan with power flow to the function high R1 3 R2 4 R3 5 R4 123 R5 123 9eT1 TRUE R100 123 R200 2 Notice the flow of data from the input though the array of WORDS 96R5 to R1 and finally to the output 2 13 3 Multi Rotate Data Moves This function allows an array of BITS BYTES WORDS and DWORDS to be rotated left or right a variable numbers of elements ZR 1 35 4A500 7 586 MULTI ROTATE WORD PAGE 66 17 SEP 2002 MANO313 04 CH 2 a Power Flow When the input to this function block is high it completes a rotate as specified by the parameters every scan This function is not edge sensitive This function always passes power flow b Multi Rotate Data Move Terminology SRC This is the starting BIT BYTE WORD or DWORD for the array to be rotated After the data is rotated it is stored in the array of data starting at this location BIT arrays can start at any location l1 9616 R1 1 R4 7 BYTE WORD and DWORD arrays must start on a WORD boundary 9611 96117 96133 R1 R2 LEN This is the number of BITS BYTES WORDS or DWORDS in the array This must be a constant number from 1 to 32767 N This is the number
225. y be entered which is written to the control register If a value is not displayable in the current format the display digits are filled with EN If current value is too large to fit in digits gt If current value is greater than maximum editable mode only lt If current value is less than minimum editable mode only e If current value is floating point infinity or NAN e Object Editor editable checkbox enabled Both INSERT and OVERSTRIKE modes are supported by this object To invoke object editor 1 Select object outlined with dashed line with arrow keys and press Edit Enter key 2 Unused digits will be zero filled and entire field will be highlighted INSERT mode 3 Once in INSERT mode pressing the first numeric key will clear the current value and replace with the numeric value of the key Thereafter any numeric key will shift the new value left and place the new key value in the one s position 4 To change to OVERSTRIKE mode press either the Left or Right key The display will change from the entire field being hi lighted to a single character hi lighted 5 Once in OVERSTRIKE mode the hi lighted character may be modified be either pressing a numeric key or increment decrement the value with the Up Down keys respectively Note that the increment decrement will roll over higher power digits 6 To accept the new value in either mode press the Edit Enter key To reject the new value press the

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