Final Research Paper - Union College Blogging
Contents
1. The LCD display must display all measured data in real time Table 1 Originally Proposed Design Requirements The system overview included above was created to satisfy the requirements listed above in Table 1 As seen in the table the design requirements are divided into three distinct groups The design requirements under the growth optimization heading were created to ensure the healthy growth of the fish and plants within the system Additionally these requirements such as the Tilapia breeding requirement were created to ensure that the system is self sustaining and providing a substantial amount of edible output ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 The system specifications related design requirements were created to ensure that the system operates optimally These specifications were used to define when the user interface should alert the system manager to any potential problems Finally the user alert related design requirements were created to ensure that system users were alerted to potential problems through the appropriate user interface medium These requirements were defined by customer desires After combining the instructions offered in Bernstein s book with the design goals for this project the materials list for this project was generated Since Tilapia will be cultivated and a significant amount of food must be produced by the system Rubbermaid s 100 gallon stock tank w2. and introduced into the water all around the grow bed 1 ORIGINALLY PROPOSED DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Sylvia Bernstein a trusted source among aquaponic hobbyists wrote Aquaponic Gardening in 2011 to document effective methods to create and maintain an optimal aquaponic ecosystem 8 1 Her work provided the foundation of knowledge used to design and build the biological components of this project including the grow bed fish tank and water circulation system The originally proposed design requirements listed below in Table 1 were generated by 4 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 combining the recommended system design from Bernstein s guide with the desires of our end user The system must output sufficient light from LEDs to maintain plants The system must be able to provide 200 total gallons for aquaculture and Growth hydroponics Divided 1 1 1 Optimization The Tilapia must actively breed and maintain their population independently The water level must only decrease due to evaporation The system water level must not decrease beyond 15 of the tank capacity The fish feeding mechanism must output feed between 1 and 1 5 of the total fish weight 9 System Specifications The pH stay at a level between 6 and 9 9 The temperature must be maintained at a level between 79 F and 87 F if tilapia are kept 9 The LEDs must indicate whether system maintenance is required User Alert
3. manufactured These wavelengths were a 445nm blue light and a 665nm red light The aforementioned light level and temperature sensors were purchased from Atlas Scientific as the company produces food grade sensors that can be submerged and operated in liquids indefinitely without maintenance The water level sensor consists of a PING ultrasonic sensor from Parallax 15 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 mounted at the top of the grow bed looking down into a pipe where the water level can be seen The data from each of these sensors is displayed on the Matrix Orbital interface Additionally the voltage conversion hardware consists of an AC DC converter to change the line voltage to 12VDC That 12VDC is used by the LEDs and also fed into a DC DC voltage converter which steps the voltage down further to 5V The remainder of the circuit components all operate on the 5V produced by the step down converter As previously mentioned the communication between the various electronic components of this system was complicated by the unique demands of the aquaponic environment Since all of the sensors had to be food grade or have the ability to operate without coming into contact with the biological system there wasn t much variety among the few sensor components that fit our needs and the best available component had to be selected As a result most of the components communicated with the microcontroller over a different language The temp
4. 1 Enables serial port and configures pins Transistor switch control code Spring 2014 Winter 2015 TRISDbits TRISD2 OUTPUT Sets RD2 as output Switching transistor control LATDbits LATD2 0 Sets high Temperature sensor control code TRISBbits TRISB4 OUTPUT Sets RB3 as output Switching temp sense control TRISAbits TRISAO INPUT Sets ANO as input LATBbits LATB4 0 Sets low Water level sensor setup LATBbits LATB3 0 Sets low Configure timer register TICON 0b001 10001 Enable timer1 Fosc 4 input CCP1CON 0x04 Capture every falling edge TRISCbits TRISC2 1 Enable CCP Input TRISDbits TRISD3 0 Set PNP FET channel as output LATDbits LATD3 1 Set Transistor high Analog input configuration ADCONObits ADON 1 Turns on the ADC ADCON bits VCFG1 0 Sets voltage reference as ground ADCON bits VCFGO 0 Sets voltage reference as 5V Note PBADEN set to 0 in configuration bits to allow RB4 RBO to be digital I O on reset datasheet p 253 ADCON2bits ADFM 1 Right justify the result of the A D conversion ADCON 2bits ACOT 000 A ADCON bbits PCFG 1101 Enables ANO and AN1 TEUSART Serial Communication Port Setup TRISCbits TRISC7 1 28 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 TRISCbits TRISC6 1 TXSTAbits TX9 0 Select 8 bit transmission TXSTAbits TXEN 1 Enable transmission TXSTAbits S YNC 0 Sets E
5. Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 loss of life in at least four weeks By the final testing date there were 63 healthy heads of lettuce growing and it had been 53 days since the last fish had been lost The final revision of the electronic design requirements specified that the system should take and relay temperature measurements to 1 C water level measurements to 1cm and light level measurements to 1lux Further the system should detect nearby occupancy so that the display can be activated and enter a sleep mode when not displaying information or taking measurements to save power The only two requirements that were not met were the detection of light level to 1 lux and the ability of the microcontroller to enter into a sleep mode when not in use These are however simply software modifications that can be made by taking the time to determine how the microcontroller registers need to be initialized in order to meet each requirement In the future the system will be modified to meet all requirements PRODUCTION SCHEDULE In order to better facilitate the completion of the automated aquaponics project the schedule shown in Table 5 below was created The only major fault in the system production was the choice to include gravel instead of spending the extra money to purchase and add expanded clay pebbles in the system Almost all sources stated that gravel should not be used in an aquaponic system due to the high possibility that lim
6. design utilized Bernstein s widely accepted 12 grow bed depth 9 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 theory while also maintaining the 1 1 grow bed to fish tank volume ratio that she suggests for beginner aquaponic gardeners For the grow bed a basic flood and drain system was selected because it was the simplest easiest to implement system that is commonly used among beginners in aquaponics If the flood and drain setup ever needs to be changed and a constant water level fish tank is desired the plumbing system can always be redesigned after the project has been completed 1 The system hardware was also generally chosen based on Sylvia Bernstein s recommendations A 100 Gallon Rubbermaid stock tank was chosen as suggested in Bernstein s Aquaponic Gardening The grow bed was custom built from wood caulk and FRP wall board to keep the project within its 1 000 budget The basic idea is to build a wooden exterior for support with sealed FRP wall board on the inside walls of the bed to keep the water from leaking 13 The grow bed must be able to support the weight of the water as well as the grow bed media within which the plants will grow Expanded clay pebbles were chosen as the grow bed media because they could be found at a relatively reasonable price from Organica in Albany and are lightweight ph neutral and easy to handle The first batch of expanded clay that was purchased floated when submerged and had to be
7. heat Further the drive circuitry was created to interface with the 12V DC power supply and output a constant current into the LEDs Eventually for research purposes dimming capabilities and the ability to turn off either color will be added to the system based on an interest from corporate aquaponics farmers 12 FINAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Since the original design requirements were vague and did not naturally lead to a valid testing plan that could easily determine the overall success of the project newer design requirements were generated and are included in Table 3 below They are very similar to the older requirements listed above but instead provide numerical requirements for most of the criteria so that the success of the project could be tested The biological system requirement numbers were chosen as a parameter by which the system s capability to sustain a substantial amount of life over a reasonable period of time could be evaluated The budget was determined after ascertaining the general cost of similar systems and calculating the funding that would be necessary to create this system with aggressive cost reductions The sensor measurement resolution requirements were created by determining how much resolution would be needed to accurately detect errors within the parameters being monitored The sleep mode requirement was added to allow for experimentation with power reduction Lastly the alert triggering requirements were adde
8. replaced by the manufacturer HydroFarm sent the superior Hydro Corn product as a replacement which is currently installed in the system Lastly goldfish were selected because they are inexpensive and create a great deal of waste that will be converted to nutrients for the plants Additionally they do not require a heater and can tolerate a wide range of conditions 1 The electronic monitoring devices and hardware were also carefully selected to monitor system parameters that could lead to catastrophic failure if not properly responded to in the event of a malfunction These parameters include grow bed water level water temperature LED light 10 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 levels and room occupancy Having decided that these parameters are critical and must be monitored to ensure that the system does not fall into unreported critical failure each electronic component was selected to ensure adequate monitoring at the lowest possible cost To that end the following decisions were made Parameter Selection Alternatives Grow Bed Water Level Ultrasonic Sensor eTape Liquid Level Sensor Not chosen because it was too small amp expensive 14 Water Temperature Temperature sensor Couldn t find other food safe temperature by Atlas Scientific sensors LED Light Levels Light sensor by Couldn t find other food safe light level Atlas Scientific sensors Room Occupancy Infrared Occupancy Other i
9. 0 tempRead findLevelQ updateScreen 35
10. 0 Automatic Fish Feeder 1 30 00 30 00 PVC and Piping 1 60 00 60 00 Breadboard Cable 1 16 89 16 89 LED Lighting 1 23 58 23 58 Hydroton 1 330 00 330 00 Color Detector Sensor 1 40 00 40 00 Temperature Probe 1 10 00 10 00 Motion Sensor for fish feeder 1 9 95 9 95 Ultrasonic Water Level Sensor 1 32 99 32 99 Thermal Adhesive 1 8 00 8 00 Resistors Capacitors DC Converter 1 15 27 15 27 LEDs 1 25 00 25 00 Total 943 42 Table 6 Expenditures 20 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 USER S MANUAL This system and future systems could be constructed and operated according to the following procedure Construction e Purchase all components listed in Table 5 e Create the grow bed with the plywood and 2x4s See 13 e The grow bed should be lined with the FRP wall board and sealed using food safe caulk A hole must be drilled and a bulkhead must be installed in the bottom of the grow bed so that the water can drain back into the fish tank e The fish tank should be placed under the grow bed table and a water pump should be added to pump the water from the fish tank into the grow bed Irrigation may be installed if desired The pump must be either attached to a timer to create flooding and draining cycles or an automatic siphon can be used More information about automatic siphon construction can be found in Sylvia Bernstein s Aquaponic Gardening 1 e The grow bed should be filled w
11. 12CSend 12CSend A2CSend gt Second Line 12CSend 33 Spring 2014 Winter 2015 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 12CSend I2CSend 12CSend 12CSend 12CSend 12CSend 12CSend 12CSend 12CSend 12CSend 12CSend 12CSend 12CSend 12CSend 12CSend 12CSend 12CSend 12CSend 12CSend Third Line 12CSend gt 12CSend gt I2CSend W 12CSend A 12CSend T I2CSend E I2CSend R 12CSend gt 12CSend L I2CSend E 12CSend V I2CSend E 12CSend L I2CSend 12CSend gt DCSend waterLevell 12CSend DCSend waterLevel2 DPCsend gt DPCsend gt Fourth Line 12CSend 12CSend 12CSend W 12CSend A 12CSend T I2CSend E I2CSend R I2CSend 12CSend T I2CSend E I2CSend M 34 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 12CSend P I2CSend DPCsend gt I2CSend floodChar1 12CSend floodChar2 I2CSend F I2CSend gt I2CSend gt I2CStopQ void main configure LATDbits LATD2 0 Turns on display temporary while 1 __delay_ms 100 __delay_ms 100 delay ms 100 delay ms 100 delay ms 100 delay ms 100 delay ms 100 delay ms 100 delay ms 100 delay ms 10
12. 6 floodChar1 6 else if floodNum1 5 floodChar1 5 else if floodNuml 7 floodChar1 7 if floodNum2 0 floodChar2 0 else if floodNum2 1 floodChar2 1 else if floodNum2 2 floodChar2 2 else if floodNum2 3 floodChar2 3 else if floodNum2 4 floodChar2 4 else if floodNum2 5 floodChar2 5 else if floodNum2 6 floodChar2 6 else if floodNum2 7 floodChar2 7 else if floodNum2 8 floodChar2 8 32 Spring 2014 Winter 2015 ECE 498 Senior Project else floodChar2 9 void updateScreen This loop below spits out DC because we re not waiting for the display to initalize and turn on We could just send the 12C once but the display would have to be initialized for that to work and thus we would want to set our own startup screen so that the matrix orbital screen doesn t pop lup in between durign initalization forg 0 j lt 1 j 12CInit I2CStartQ 12CSend 0x50 I2CSend 254 I2CSend 88 This loop sends spaces IHfor 1 0 1 lt 20 i Hu A2CSend gt IN First Line 12CSend 12CSend 12CSend U 12CSend N 12CSend T 12CSend O 12CSend N 12CSend 12CSend A 12CSend Q 12CSend U 12CSend A 12CSend P 12CSend O 12CSend N 12CSend T I2CSend C I2CSend S
13. ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 Automated Aquaponics Design Report By Carson Miller TK OK Ok ok Ok CK OK ck Ck Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of Electrical Engineering UNION COLLEGE June 2015 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 ABSTRACT Aguaponics is the cultivation of fish and plants together in a constructed recirculating ecosystem utilizing natural bacterial cycles to convert fish waste to plant nutrients 1 Aquaponic systems offer a solution to environmentally conscious fiscally responsible individuals who wish to produce food products without the use of pesticides genetic modification or non renewable resources Further the proliferation of inexpensive microprocessors and high quality sensors offers an opportunity for dynamic monitoring and error correcting within the aquaponic system These aquaponic and electronic systems will be combined in this project to create an electronically monitored aquaponic ecosystem 11 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT uuu a INE ee nh 11 TABLE OF FIGURES AND TABLES dee ee ee en etl ek at eee iv INTRODUCTION fists Sa ae inn En NE Wa he ened ade ananda 1 BACKGROUND hectares 2 ORIGINALLY PROPOSED DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 0 00 AAA 4 ORIGINALLY PROPOSED ELECTRONIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS cee ceeceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeenaes 6 FINAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS cio
14. Protection bit Configuration registers 300000 Boot Block Write Protection bit Boot Block 000000 0007FFh not write Data EEPROM Write Protection bit Data EEPROM not write protected Table Read Protection bit Block 0 000800 003FFFh not protected from table Table Read Protection bit Block 1 004000 007FFFh not protected from table Table Read Protection bit Block 2 008000 00BFFFh not protected from table Boot Block Table Read Protection bit Boot Block 000000 0007FFh not protected from table reads executed in other blocks Variables unsigned int i 0 unsigned int j 0 unsigned int k 0 unsigned int timer 0 unsigned int sensorInput 0 Related to water temperature float waterTemp 0 unsigned int waterTempInt 0 unsigned int floodNum1 0 unsigned int floodNum2 0 char floodCharl 8 char floodChar2 0 Related to water level unsigned long t1 16 bit number 0 65 535 unsigned long t2 27 ECE 498 Senior Project int startH int startL int endL int endH int shiftedStartH int shiftedEndH int startTime int endTime int echoTime char waterLevell char waterLevel2 unsigned int dummy 0 unsigned int dummy2 0 void configure Oscillator Setup OSCCONbits IRCF 110 Sets oscillator to 4MHz A2C Configuration SSPADD 0x33 19 2kHz Baud clock 4MHz SSPCON lbits SSPM 1000 Master Mode SSPCON lbits SSPEN
15. USART to asynchronous mode TXSTAbits BRGH 1 Sets EUSART to high speed transmission RCSTAbits SPEN 1 Enables the serial port RCSTAbits CREN 1 Enables receiver BAUDCONbits RXDTP 1 Incoming data is inverted BAUDCONbits BRG16 0 8 bit baud rate generator used BAUDCONbits WUE 1 Continuous sampling of the RX pin SPBRG 0x05 void I2CInit void TRISC3 1 SDA and SCL as input pin TRISC4 1 these pins can be configured either i p or o p SSPSTAT l 0x80 Slew rate disabled SSPCON lbits SSPEN 1 SSPCON 1 bits SSPM 1000 Master Mode SSPCON lbits SSPEN 1 Enables serial port and configures pins SSPADD 0x33 19 2kHz Baud clock 4MHz void I2CStart SSPCON 2bits SEN 1 Start condition enabled while SEN automatically cleared by hardware wait for start condition to finish void I2CStopQ SSPCON2bits PEN 1 Stop condition enabled while PEN Wait for stop condition to finish PEN automatically cleared by hardware void I2CRestart RSEN 1 Repeated start enabled while RSEN wait for condition to finish void I2CAck ACKDT 0 Acknowledge data bit 0 ACK ACKEN 1 Ack data enabled while ACKEN wait for ack data to send on bus void I2CNak ACKDT 1 Acknowledge data bit 1 NAK ACKEN 1 Ack data enabled 29 ECE 498 Senior Project Spr
16. arch performed by 2 and the research performed at Union include the addition of temperature and light sensors water level sensors indication diodes pushbutton interfaces and eventually the breeding of edible fish Further the Arduino computing platform was not be used in favor of a less expensive microcontroller that still performs all desired system functions 3 With respect to manufacturability there were commercially available electronically controlled and monitored aquaponic systems and components These systems available from the Kijani Grows company used the Arduino computing platform and were avaliable in various configurations 4 The price of complete commercially available and electronically monitored 2 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 aquaponic systems ranged from 999 to 1524 Additionally the aquaponic system platform without any electronics included was available for between 500 and 949 Further various electronic parts were available for purchase with the entire electrical system available for 495 690 the sensor package available for 205 and their Arduino shield available for 25 55 The fish tank size of Kijani Grows aquaponic systems ranges from 75 to 150 gallons and specific productions yields for each system are not specified These products were different from the system that was built at Union because they use the Arduino computing platform and did not offer the sensing and inter
17. as used as the fish tank 10 As specified in Bernstein s guide a 1 1 fish tank capacity to grow bed size was used Due to the unavailability of inexpensive grow bed tables it will be easiest to fabricate a custom table to the exact specifications desired Connecting the grow bed table and the fish tank will be a system of PVC piping as well as a pump and pump triggering mechanism These components constitute the biological system 1 ORIGINALLY PROPOSED ELECTRONIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS The originally proposed electronic system design requirements are included below in Table 2 Most of these requirements were actually consequences of design choices that were made and therefore not a suitable means by which the final system could be evaluated For this reason and due to changes resulting from the evaluation of the system as the project progressed the design requirements were later rewritten and are included below For the sake of completeness the original design requirements in Table 1 above and Table 2 below were preserved ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 The system excluding off the shelf components must operate on 5V The PIC must communicate with the user interface using an PC bus The various sensors will be read using the digital or analog when appropriate Specific channels of the PIC Electronic Design Power must be supplied to all components excluding off the shelf components Requirements ysing a
18. bit Single Supply ICSP enabled pragma config XINST OFF Extended Instruction Set Enable bit Instruction set extension and Indexed Addressing mode disabled Legacy mode 26 ECE 498 CONFIGSL pragma config CPO OFF pragma config CP1 OFF pragma config CP2 OFF CONFIGSH pragma config CPB OFF protected pragma config CPD OFF CONFIG6L pragma config WRTO OFF pragma config WRT 1 OFF pragma config WRT2 OFF CONFIG6H pragma config WRTC OFF 3000FFh not write protected pragma config WRTB OFF protected pragma config WRTD OFF CONFIG7L pragma config EBTRO OFF reads executed in other blocks pragma config EBTR1 OFF reads executed in other blocks pragma config EBTR2 OFF reads executed in other blocks CONFIG7H pragma config EBTRB OFF Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 Code Protection bit Block 0 000800 003FFFh not code protected Code Protection bit Block 1 004000 007FFFh not code protected Code Protection bit Block 2 008000 00BFFFh not code protected Boot Block Code Protection bit Boot block 000000 0007FFh not code Data EEPROM Code Protection bit Data EEPROM not code protected Write Protection bit Block 0 000800 003FFFh not write protected Write Protection bit Block 1 004000 007FFFh not write protected Write Protection bit Block 2 008000 00BFFFh not write protected Configuration Register Write
19. bngt 8 DESIGN AE TERNATIV EE 9 PRELIMENARY PROPOSED DESIGN rnein ien a a oi a i aeia 11 FINAL DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION AAA 13 PERFORMANCE ESTIMATES AND RESULTS ea AAA 17 PRODUCTION SCHEDULE 4001 Heni tatoeren enken eee an E E EAE EEEa EEE dn nie adaa kana 18 IER E E e 20 ke E ER RE 21 CONSUL CON a electra ety terete aioe iy 21 Operation 23208 Ea NN EN ae Sa EE dd E 22 DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS corn nccnnccnne ns 22 REFERENCES erger EE 24 APPENDIX ida A cles le vat nl nde an an 26 111 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 TABLE OF FIGURES AND TABLES TABLE 1 Originally Proposed Design Reourementz Ji 5 TABLE 2 Originally Proposed Electronic Design Requirements ence ceeensees 7 TABLE 3 Final Desion Requirements ata hay elev ete dee argos 9 TABLE 4 Electronic System Component OChoices eh 11 FIGURE 1 Originally Proposed Electronic System Block Duagram ees 13 FIGURE 2 Overall SO loros 14 FIGURES Grow Bed Maleta ud ad 14 LTE GE E EE 14 FIGURE 5 Electronic Block Diagrams cuicos dsc 15 FIGURE 6 Photosynthesis vs Wavelenigth 35 50 aos 15 ABLE 5 Project Eelere 19 PAB EE 6 Expenditure ll e 20 iv ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 INTRODUCTION As the population of the world continues to increase so does the demand for clean water and high yield farmland These resources are unfortunately finite and in especially high demand in cities and underdeveloped areas As time progresses b
20. cation COMPOSTING WORMS SH gt 1 n EXPANDED Clay Pepe Figure 3 Grow Bed Materials Figure 4 Goldfish COMET GOLDFISH 14 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 The electronic system was designed to meet the specifications discussed above with special attention paid to ensuring that all of the electronic components and sensors that may come into connect with the grow bed were properly sealed and food grade The final electronic hardware included in the system were a user interface with LCD display and push buttons custom grow LEDs a temperature sensor an ultrasonic water level sensor a light level sensor and voltage conversion devices Each of these system components can be seen abstracted into a block diagram in Figure 5 below Blue 440 445nm 3W 35A LEDs Constant Current 2 Circuitry s 45A Red 660 e 12V 665nm 3W LEDs 2 AC DC Converter 12V Lux Light Color Sensor Serial DC DC Converter DV Ultrasonic Water Level CCP Timers Delays Sensor Photosynthesis Rate 96 2C UI Display ADC Temperature Sensor 600 Wavelength nm Figure 5 Electronic Block Diagram Figure 6 Photosynthesis vs Wavelength The wavelength of the grow LEDs was specifically chosen to maximize photosynthesis A graph comparing photosynthesis rate per unit wavelength is shown above in Figure 6 The two peaks of photosynthesis were matched to wavelengths at which LEDs are commonly
21. d 1426380726 amp sr 8 128keywords occupancy sensor Accessed 14 3 2015 16 MatrixOrbital BLK204 7T 1U BK WB Online Available http www matrixorbital com PC Bay Inserts Serial Character PC Bay Inserts c45 21 p856 BLK204 7T 1U BK WB product info html Accessed 12 5 2104 17 MatrixOrbital LK204 7T 1U WB 12 3 2014 Online Available http www matrixorbital ca manuals LK_Series LK204 7T 1U LK204 7T 1U 20 28Rev2 0 29 pdf Accessed 8 5 2014 18 G Branwyn Lost Knowledge Wire Wrapping 27 7 2009 Online Available http makezine com 2009 07 27 lost knowledge wire wrapping Accessed 8 5 2014 19 G D G H R K R M W a J C S Neil C Yorio Improving Spinach Radish and Lettuce Growth under Red Light emitting NASA 25 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 APPENDIX PPA he le ob oe le le le od ol de E oe le lol le leal o le le le le ll ol o lol ol ls le lo le kk k k k k kk k k k k kk k k kk k k k Kk k k k Union College Automated Aquaponics Program Last Revised 10 7 13 Authors Carson Miller Written for PIC18F4525 Current Version NI ICO define INPUT 1 define OUTPUT 0 define _XTAL_FREQ 4000000 Used by the SCH delay ms x macro PIC18F25K22 Configuration Bit Settings include lt xc h gt Includes PIC hardware mapping include GenericTypeDefs h Includes standard variable types pragma config statements should precede project file includes Use p
22. d so that the microcontroller could alert users of issues before they become critical ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 At least 10 heads of lettuce growing Biological System Requirements At least 30 days since the last loss of life Project Budget System Cost lt 1000 Temperature measurements to t1 C Water level measurements to lcm Sensor Measurement Requirements Occupancy detection in room Light level detection to 1lux Electronic Requirements Microcontroller sleep mode 40 C lt Temperature lt 75 C Alert Triggering 10 hrs lt Grow light on time lt 16hrs 10min lt Grow bed flood time lt 20min Table 3 Final Design Requirements DESIGN ALTERNATIVES Various design choices were made when determining how to construct and evaluate the overall system The biological system was designed first so that the electronic monitoring components could be specifically selected to suit the biology The main source used for the design of the biological system was Sylvia Bernstein s Aquaponic Gardening because it is widely accepted as the definitive guide to creating and maintaining a successful aquaponic system Further Sylvia cited 45 references in the book and is generally regarded as one of the premier leaders in the global aquaponic community The system was designed to offer 100 gallons worth of grow bed space at 12 deep with a 100 gallon fish tank This
23. een adopted on a large scale due to a number of factors including the complexity and difficulty with which these systems must be constructed and monitored It was the purpose of this project to build a system that would provide a test bed for spectrum targeted LED grow light creation and show that scalable aquaponic monitoring systems could be implemented commercially It was therefore our goal to present beneficial research and proof of concept in the electronic aspects of aquaponics so that hobbyists and companies can continue to improve and expand upon their aquaponic endeavors This goal was reached and the system does produce vegetative growth in a sustainable ecosystem with spectrum targeted LED lighting and electronic monitoring and automatic alerts There were however some mistakes made through the course of the project that should be improved upon if a similar project were to be attempted in the future As mentioned above the 22 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 choice to use gravel as a cost saving measure despite many warnings found in preliminary research was a mistake that resulted in a great deal of wasted time and money If this project were to be attempted again expanded clay pebbles should be used from the onset Additionally to prevent nutrient deficiencies in the plants being grown in the grow bed the fish tank should be adequately stock according to the ratios outlined in Bernstein s book even if some of t
24. epare for bitwise OR shiftedEndH endH lt lt 8 shiftedStartH startH lt lt 8 Bitwise OR startTime startL shiftedStartH endTime endL shiftedEndH echoTime endTime startTime if echoTime lt 150 waterLevell 9 waterLevel2 9 else if echoTime lt 165 waterLevell 9 waterLevel2 0 else if echoTime lt 180 waterLevell 8 waterLevel2 0 else if echoTime lt 195 waterLevell 7 waterLevel2 0 else if echoTime lt 210 waterLevell o waterLevel2 0 else if echoTime lt 225 waterLevell 5 waterLevel2 0 else if echoTime lt 245 waterLevell 4 waterLevel2 0 else if echoTime lt 260 waterLevell 3 waterLevel2 0 else if echoTime lt 275 31 ECE 498 Senior Project waterLevell 2 waterLevel2 0 else if echoTime lt 290 waterLevell 1 waterLevel2 0 else waterLevell 0 waterLevel2 0 void tempRead LATBbits LATB4 1 Turns on __delay_us 1500 waterTemp get_adc 0 Changed to 0 LATBbits LATB4 0 Turns off waterTemp waterTemp 5000 1004 Convert to mV waterTemp waterTemp 0 0512 20 5128 Convert to deg C waterTemp waterTemp 9 5 32 Convert to deg F waterTempInt waterTemp floodNuml waterTempInt 10 floodNum2 waterTempInt floodNum1 10 Need to convert to char if floodNuml
25. erature sensor required the use of an ADC the light sensor communicates over serial the water level sensor requires capture compare operations with delays and the user interface communicates over 2C Inter integrated circuit protocol The electronic system development time was greatly increased as a result of having to setup and execute communication with each instrument with the PIC Consequently the occupancy sensor and light level sensor are not yet fully operational The goal was to implement the software written in C so that the system would sit in a while loop and wait for an interrupt to occur indicating that either it was time to take measurements from the sensors or it was time to turn on the user interface display as occupancy had been detected around the system As a result of all of the different types of communication protocols and difficulties in implementing the interrupts together the system would frequently reset and encounter an error when this approach was used Instead the code was written and is 16 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 included in the appendix so that measurements are being taken and the display is being updated within the main loop An overview of the code is show in steps below 1 Pragmas setup basic microcontroller settings and functions 1 e oscillator speed 2 A function called configure then included and it sets up all necessary registers for the communication and
26. estone in the rocks may significantly raise the pH of the system 1 As a result of ignoring this advice production was delayed after the purchase washing and installation of the grow bed material had to be performed twice Besides the grow bed media issue all other system choices were generally acceptable and the project production schedule included below was followed 18 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 Dates Objectives 6 1 14 8 7 14 e Aquaponic system built was setup in N101 e Tank cycling and plant growth began e Electronic parts were ordered 8 7 14 11 26 14 e Goldfish were purchased e Electronic programming amp testing began e System assembly was completed e Website Created 11 26 14 1 5 15 e System debugging begins e Electronic system installation begins e Trials with various vegetables and fruits begin 1 5 15 3 19 15 e Begin final report Table 5 Project Schedule This project was executed with the understanding that the resulting system could not be feasibly produced in industry and sold as a commercial project The system is too large and complex with an accompanying price point too high given the amount of risk associated putting up the capital necessary to produce this product commercially Thus a commercial production schedule cannot be created Instead this project was built to facilitate research in targeted LED lighting for aquaponic systems and to sho
27. face technologies that were implemented at Union 4 Agricultural production within New York State is overseen and regulated by the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets The Department of Agriculture and Markets does not consider roadside stands on farm outlets or farmers markets to be retail food stores and thus these bodies are not required to meet the strict standards to which retail food production and processing bodies must abide Since permits are not required for the production or sale of vegetables government bodies did not need to be contacted for the vegetable production aspect of this project 5 Additionally since the goldfish were kept in a closed loop recirculating system a permit was not required for the aquaculture based portion of the project either 6 If a commercial venture were to be undertaken the appropriate permits must be obtained from the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets and depending on the fish being produced the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation 5 7 Overall aquaponics offers great commercial economic and environmental opportunities Economically aquaponics is feasible because it harnesses several relationships that exist in nature As a result of these special relationships that exist between the fish bacteria and plants hardware is no longer required for water filtration and nutritional supplements are no longer ECE 498 Seni
28. g a background in the field of aquaponic and electronic systems this report will examine the requirements that the prototype completed at the end of the project must meet to be 1 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 considered successful Alternative designs choices that could have been read the reasoning behind the selections that were made will also be discussed in this paper Finally the proposed design will be outlined as well as the progress that has been made thus far BACKGROUND Basic electronically monitored aquaponic systems have been built in the past by both researchers and corporate entities In 2 other researchers created an automated aquaponic system They used a glass fish tank stocked with comet goldfish to provide the aquaculture based element of the system The plants were grown in a lit grow bed above the fish tank and temperature sensors were used in conjunction with an Arduino computing platform for monitoring and feedback Further they added a 4x20 LCD display to convey temperature information to the system s users Their project documentation provided an excellent reference for the future research in Aquaponics that will be performed at Union It was our goal to expand upon the research they performed to create a better electronic system capable of thoroughly monitoring the conditions of the aquaponic system and conveying that information to the user for action if necessary Differences between the rese
29. he population may have to be culled or sold later Lastly the electronic components should be selected with a specific attention paid to minimizing the overall development time of the system Not enough focus was placed on the communication protocols used within the electronic subsystem and as a result each sensor and the display communicated in a different fashion As discussed above each communication protocol must be properly initialized and configured in order to work effectively on the microcontroller Further each of those components must operate together in both hardware and software such as in an interrupt service routine without interrupting the functional processes any other components Communication and compatibility is still an area that requires attention in this project and an area that will be continually examined and improved upon in the future Overall this project met the goals of creating a functional aquaponic system capable of sustaining life while also implementing spectrum targeted LED grow lighting and electronic monitoring Each of these systems is scalable and offers a significantly less expensive alternative to any commercially available grow lights or basic monitoring systems This project will be continually modified and improved upon until presented at Union College s Steinmetz Day on May 8 2015 At that point the project will be taken home with its creator where experimentation and food production will conti
30. ing 2014 Winter 2015 while ACKEN wait for ack data to send on bus void I2CWait while SSPCON2 amp 0x1F II SSPSTAT amp 0x04 wait for any pending transfer void I2CSend unsigned char dat SSPBUF dat Move data to SSPBUF while BF wait till complete data is sent from buffer I2CWait wait for any pending transfer unsigned char I2CRead void unsigned char temp Reception works if transfer is initiated in read mode RCEN 1 Enable data reception while BF wait for buffer full temp SSPBUF Read serial buffer and store in temp register I2CWait wait to check any pending transfer return temp Return the read data from bus UINT16 get adc UINT8 channel char x local counter ADCONDObits CHS channel select ADC channel NOPO wait a little for acquisition NOPO NOPO NOPO NOPO wait a little for acquisition NOPO NOPO NOPO GO_nDONE 1 Start the conversion wait for conversion for x 200 x x avoid getting stuck if GO_nDONE 0 break exit as soon as results are ready return ADRESH lt lt 8 ADRESL return the result void findLevel startH TMR1H startL TMRIL LATDbits LATD3 0 __delay_us 5 LATDbits LATD3 1 __delay_ms 20 30 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 endL CCPRIL endH CCPR1H Bitwise shift to pr
31. input sampling requirements of the system 3 Functions to execute the I2C communication and sensor readings are then included 4 The main function listed next turns on the display and then sits in a loop which reads the sensors and sends the result over I2C to the user interface 5 The interrupt service routine will be included here when functional at which time the operations of the main loop will be moved to the interrupt service routine PERFORMANCE ESTIMATES AND RESULTS As a monitoring system it is difficult to estimate how the electronics will perform except to expect that they will function to the specified accuracy and communicate any critical system errors to system users Biologically it was estimated that the system should sustain floral and faunal life as a result of the aquaponic ecosystem combined with electronic monitoring and lights for extended periods of time With respect to the cost initial projections indicated that the entire system would cost about 1000 and thus a budget of 1000 was created at the onset of the project By the project s completion the budget was met with a final system cost of 943 42 The system met most of the final biological and electronic design requirements by the end of the winter term The biological requirements specified that the system must sustain the life of the fish in the tank and at least 10 heads of lettuce so that by the final test there has not been a 17 ECE 498
32. ith expanded clay pebbles and a light should be installed above the grow bed to provide the plants with an adequate light source Plants and fish may then be added to start the aquaponic food production cycle e Lastly the automatic fish feeder and electronic monitoring should be installed so that users are alerted of any errors that may arise The electronic monitoring system could be implemented in a variety of ways An overview of the electronic system used in this project can be found in the Final Design and Implementation section of this report 21 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 Operation The system is designed to operate for extended periods of time without any user intervention Maintenance should only be necessary under one of the following conditions e The fish feeder has run out of food To remedy refill the fish feeder e The automatic siphon is not properly draining water because plant roots and other solids have clogged the automatic siphon To remedy rotate the automatic siphon s gravel guard to break up plant root and solid accumulations e The system chemistry is imbalanced To remedy purchase an API test kit and take appropriate steps after testing e An error has been detected by the electronic system To remedy The detected error should be fixed e g plug the water leak replace the broken fish tank heater etc DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Aquaponics has not b
33. n AC to DC converter capable of supplying the appropriate current The system must have a sleep mode capability in which the user interface and PIC move into a low power mode This low power mode will be interrupted if the timer indicates action is required or if a button on the user interface is pushed Table 2 Originally Proposed Electronic Design Requirements Table 2 above shows the originally proposed electronic system design requirements for the project In order to allow for the simple addition of peripheral components in the future an DC bus was implemented Currently this DC bus only handles the communication between the PIC and the user interface display The data displayed on that user interface comes from sensor information read in using the analog input channels on the PIC as well as the serial port not being used for I2C Additionally the ability for the microcontroller to go into a sleep mode for power saving was listed In addition to the electronic monitoring system the lighting system was also designed specifically for this project The lighting was designed to incorporate the appropriate amount of blue and red light to optimize plant root growth leaf development and flowering 11 Three watt LEDs were selected because with the appropriate heat sink and drive circuitry they provide ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 maximal light output while creating a manageable amount of
34. nfrared sensors were more Sensor expensive 15 Table 4 Electronic System Component Choices The sensors selected shown above in Table 4 were chosen because they offered the least expensive solution that was both food safe and met the minimum resolution requirement specified in the design requirement section The lack of options in food safe monitoring solutions was a complication that caused difficulty in various stages of this project Thankfully Atlas Scientific produces high quality waterproof and food grade light and temperature sensors that can be submerged indefinitely These sensors are used to monitor select parameters in this project along with a PING ultrasonic sensor which does not come in contact with the biological components PRELIMENARY PROPOSED DESIGN It was proposed that the electronic system will perform all monitoring error correcting and user alert actions necessary to maintain the unit s ecosystem The user interface would consist of an LCD display pushbuttons and LED indicators The user interface display from Matrix Orbital was selected because their product fit into the 5 25 bay of a PC tower 16 The 11 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 empty PC tower was also set to be used to house other relevant electronic control equipment if necessary Additionally plans for constructing a grow light made up of 3W LEDs were created The system s sensors would interface with the microc
35. ng Step By Step Vegetables Together dp 086571701X ref sr_1_1 ie UTF8 amp qid 1399944870 amp sr 8 1 amp keywords aguaponictgardening Accessed 12 5 2014 T M L a J E R Dennis P DeLong Tank Culture of Tilapia 6 2009 Online Available http www2 ca uky edu wkrec tilapiatankculture pdf Accessed 21 5 2014 10 Tractor Supply Co Rubbermaid Structural Foam Stock Tanks 100 gal Capacity Online Available http www tractorsupply com en store rubbermaidreg 3B structural foam stock tanks 100 gal capacity Accessed 11 5 2014 11 NASA Improving Spinach Radish and Lettuce Growth under Red Lightemitting HortScience Neil C Yorio Gregory D Goins and Hollie R Kagie Raymond M Wheeler and John C Sager 12 C Currin Interviewee Capital Aquaponics CEO Interview 17 11 2014 24 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 13 E Maelzer YouTube 17 1 2010 Online Available http www youtube com watch v 6e000m5k dE Accessed 23 11 2014 14 Sparkfun Electronics Liquid Level Sensor 8 Sparkfun Online Available https www sparkfun com products 10221 Accessed 14 3 2015 15 Amazon Sensky BSO19B Dc 12v Corridor Toilets Human Body Infrared Detector Motion Switch Wired Ceiling pir Body Infrared Induction Motion Sensor Light Switch Sensky Online Available http www amazon com Corridor Toilets Infrared Detector Induction dp BOOL589HJG ref sr_1_12 ie UTF8 amp qi
36. nue 23 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 REFERENCES S Bernstein Aquaponic Gardening Gabriola Island New Society Publishers 2011 M Saaid N Fadhil M Ali and M Noor Automated indoor Aquaponic cultivation technique System Engineering and Technology ICSET 2013 IEEE 3rd International Conference on pp pp 285 289 2013 T C Chia and C L Lu Design and Implementation of the Microcontroller Control System for Vertical Garden Applications Genetic and Evolutionary Computing ICGEC 2011 Fifth International Conference on pp pp 139 141 2011 Kijani Grows Buy Now 2014 Online Available http www kijanigrows com buy_now Accessed 12 5 2014 New York State Department of Agriculture amp Markets Sanitary Regulations for Direct Marketing New York State Online Available http www agriculture ny gov FS industry sanitary html Accessed 13 5 2014 Legal Issues Tilapia Farming at Home Online Available http www tilapiafarmingathome com Pages Legallssues aspx Accessed 13 5 2014 New York State Licenses to Collect Possess or Sell Department of Environmental Conservation 2014 Online Available http www dec ny gov permits 28633 html Accessed 13 5 2014 Amazon Aquaponic Gardening A Step By Step Guide to Raising Vegetables and Fish Together Online Available http www amazon com Aquaponic Gardeni
37. ontrollers while the grow lights would be connected to the rest of the electronic system The only system component not controlled and monitored by the microcontroller would be the pump which due to its line voltage and high current requirements was controlled safely and externally by off the shelf products All initially planned major electronic subsystems being used in the project are shown with their connections in Figure 1 below These systems are explained in detail in the final design and implementation section included below 12 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 Lighting Production System Blue 440 445nm AC DC Constant 3W LEDs Current Converter Circuitry Red 660 665nm 3W LEDs Monitoring amp Display System Lux Light Color Sensor Serial Ultrasonic r Water Level Serial 120 UI Display Sensor Serial Temperature Sensor 1 Digital I O PIR Fish Feeding Sensor Figure 1 Originally Proposed Electronic System Block Diagram FINAL DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION The project was presented on February 28 2015 to an audience of Union College faculty students and members of industry At that time the grow bed was filled with sixty two healthy heads of lettuce the fish tank was filled with twenty five healthy fish and the electronic system was monitoring the temperature and the water level of the grow bed The user interface was displaying temperature and wa
38. or Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 necessary as they would be in a hydroponic system 1 In aquaponics the plants take care of the water filtration and the fish provide the nutrients Further as long as high quality nutritious and organic fish food is used in the system the consumable fish and vegetation will be natural and organic The combination of such a highly efficient system with the premium organic nature of the consumable output makes for an excellent economic opportunity for individuals and businesses alike In addition to being a great commercial and economic opportunity automated aquaponics is also great for the environment as it mirrors and develops relationships in ecosystems that occur naturally in the wild 1 Aquaponic systems are highly efficient with water because the only water that leaves the system is lost due to evaporation When a system is built outdoors or in a greenhouse that allows sunlight systems become even more efficient by utilizing freely available light for plant growth Furthermore since with the help of beneficial bacteria the vegetables are filtering the water extraordinarily well fish can be more heavily stocked and bred without interfering with their health Similarly the vegetables can be planted closer together than in a traditional garden because the competition for nutrients between plants is minimal Competition is low because the abundant fish waste is continuously being converted to nutrients
39. oth individuals and companies will be looking for more efficient ways to produce food for human consumption that conserve space and water Electronically monitored aquaponics offers the ability to produce fish and vegetative growth for human consumption in a highly efficient sustainable ecosystem thus solving the aforementioned problems Organically filtered water leads to healthy fish and as long as high quality fish food and lighting systems are used fast growing and high quality produce will result 1 It was the purpose of this project to create an electronically monitored system capable of producing vegetables and fish for consumption In addition to operating without the production of any waste water the system was also designed to provide feedback and monitor the biological components so that any serious problems were detected and displayed user interface The project will be considered successful when the system operates for over one month with a grow bed full of healthy vegetables and tank full of live fish Further temperatures not between 40C and 75C grow light on times not between 10 and 16 hours and flood cycles not between 10 and 20 minutes must be detected and displayed on the user interface while also sounding an alert buzzer This report explores the design requirements for the project as well as the final design and alternatives that were considered during the research and construction phase of the project After providin
40. roject enums instead of define for ON and OFF CONFIG1H pragma config OSC INTIO67 Oscillator Selection bits Internal oscillator block CLKOUT function on RA6 port function on RA7 pragma config FCMEN OFF Fail Safe Clock Monitor Enable bit Fail Safe Clock Monitor disabled pragma config IESO OFF Internal External Oscillator Switchover bit Oscillator Switchover mode disabled CONFIG2L pragma config PWRT OFF Power up Timer Enable bit PWRT disabled pragma config BOREN SBORDIS Brown out Reset Enable bits Brown out Reset enabled in hardware only SBOREN is disabled pragma config BORV 3 Brown Out Reset Voltage bits Minimum setting CONFIG2H pragma config WDT OFF Watchdog Timer Enable bit WDT enabled pragma config WDTPS 32768 Watchdog Timer Postscale Select bits 1 32768 CONFIG3H pragma config CCP2MX PORTBE CCP2 MUX bit CCP2 input output is multiplexed with RB3 pragma config PBADEN ON PORTB A D Enable bit PORTB lt 4 0 gt pins are configured as analog input channels on Reset pragma config LPT1OSC OFF Low Power Timer Oscillator Enable bit Timer configured for higher power operation pragma config MCLRE ON MCLR Pin Enable bit MCLR pin enabled RE3 input pin disabled CONFIG4L pragma config STVREN ON Stack Full Underflow Reset Enable bit Stack full underflow will cause Reset pragma config LVP OFF Single Supply ICSP Enable
41. ter level characteristics while the alarm was hooked up to a switch for demonstration purposes Further there was an issue with the interrupt service routine so the software was changed to simply take measurements Figure 2 below shows the overall system 13 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 GROW LIGHT SENSORS Woes LETTUCE e t EXPANDED CUAY PEBBLES Grow BED FISH FEEDER Drain Pump Figure 2 Overall System GOLDFISH The biological system at the time of the presentation was in full working condition The grow bed was filled with twelve inches of expanded clay pebbles and composting worms The composting worms were added to help break down the solid fish waste and to decompose dead plant roots The grow bed was flooded every fifteen minutes with water from the fish tank which with the help of beneficial bacteria and the composting worms provided the sixty two heads of lettuce with an abundance of nutrients The grow light which provided the lettuce with energy for photosynthesis was also fully functional at the time of the presentation The grow light LEDs operated at a ratio of 16 hours of on time to 8 hours of off time Lastly the fish tank was only filled with twenty five comet goldfish due to a large number of deaths in the fish tank that occurred over the college s winter vacation The cause of death was likely overfeeding as the automatic fish feeder wasn t properly adjusted before the va
42. w that electronic systems could be implemented to monitor a commercial aquaponic system With electronic monitoring aquaponics becomes an efficient and feasible production method for large companies with which indoor food production can be implemented 19 ECE 498 Senior Project Spring 2014 Winter 2015 COST ANALYSIS The final cost of the fully assembled system is listed in table 5 below and meets the budget requirement of having a total system cost of less than 1000 If another system were to be constructed the Matrix Orbital display should be discarded in favor of simply sending the data to a webpage or smartphone app The other expenses listed however especially those that comprise the biological system were all critical to the successful functioning of the system The electronic expenses were also worthwhile and necessary as their initial cost will be offset by the money and time that they will save by providing system monitoring and error detection Item Quantity Unit Price Total Price Rubbermaid 100 Gallon Stock Tank 1 65 00 65 00 GFCI Outlet Adapter 1 20 00 20 00 Matrix Orbital UI with Mount 1 88 00 88 00 FRP Wall Panel White 2 33 45 66 90 Hydrofarm 250GPH Pond Pump 1 20 00 20 00 Eco Bond Farm Safe Sealant 2 9 00 18 00 Plywood 1 30 00 30 00 Goldfish 37 0 32 11 84 Screws 1 10 00 10 00 PVC Bulkhead 1 12 00 12 0
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