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SnapGear VPN Router Family User Manual

1. Field Description S Serial port to dial out on Select the SnapGear appliance COM serial port you will use for the modem that will dial your ISP This port will be dedicated for the Internet connection any attempt to dial in using this COM port will be blocked Note If a port was previously setup for dial in and is later enabled for Internet access the dial in function is automatically disabled Name of Internet provider Enter the name of your ISP Phone number to dial Enter the number to dial to reach your ISP If you are behind a PABX that requires you to dial a prefix for an outside line e g O or 9 ensure you enter the appropriate prefix ISP DNS Server Enter the DNS server address supplied by your ISP Username and password Enter the unique username and password allocated by your ISP The Password and Confirm Password fields must match Idle timeout By default the SnapGear appliance dials on demand i e when there is traffic trying to reach the Internet and the Advanced Setup disconnects if the connection is inactive i e when there is no traffic to from the Internet for 15 minutes If using dial on demand this value can be set from 0 to 99 minutes This option is available in Selecting Stay Connected will disable the idle timeout Redial setup If the dial up connection to the Internet fails Max This option is available in Connection Attempts specifies the number of redial the Advanced Setup attem
2. PPTP VPN Client PPTP VPN Server Configure the IP addresses to be handed out PSec Reserved Addresses SYSTEM __ Time Server Configure the IP addresses to be reserved for particular hosts Password zi e teme A Figure 5 3 DHCP server configuration To help keep your network design as simple as possible your SnapGear appliance can act as a DHCP server for machines on your local network To configure your SnapGear appliance as a DHCP server you must set a static IP address and netmask on the LAN Interface see the section called P configuration Network configuration 51 Click Configure the server settings on the DHCP Server Configuration screen to e Check the Enable DHCP server checkbox and uncheck the Disable DHCP server checkbox e Enter the Gateway Address to be distributed to DHCP clients This is normally the IP address of the LAN interface of the SnapGear appliance e Enter the DNS Address to be distributed to DHCP clients Leave this field blank for automatic DNS server assignment If your SnapGear appliance is configured for DNS masquerading you should either leave this field blank or enter the IP address of the LAN interface of the SnapGear appliance e Enter IP address of the WINS server to be distributed to DHCP clients in the WINS Address field e Enter the Default Lease Time and Maximum Lease Time in seconds The lease time is the time that a dynamically assigned IP address is valid e C
3. 22 Getting started If you use ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line to connect to your ISP you must specify the ADSL connection type This can be done in one of the following ways e Allow your SnapGear appliance to automatically detect your ADSL connection type This is the best choice in most cases e Use PPPoE to connect Select this option if your ADSL modem communicates using PPPoE or if your ISP accesses the Internet using username and password authentication You will also be asked to specify o The username and password for your ADSL connection o If you want to connect on demand or stay connected continuously o For connect on demand connections you need to specify the idle disconnect time in minutes e Use DHCP to connect DHCP is used if your ISP does not give you a public IP address and or requires you to get an IP address automatically from a DHCP server over the Internet e Manually assign settings Select this option if your ISP provides a fixed IP address and a subnet mask and optionally a gateway address and a DNS address to be configured into the computer connecting to the ADSL modem e Fora Direct Connection you must configure the Internet port to either get its address information via DHCP or manually enter static values for IP Address Subnet Mask Gateway Address and DNS Address The Gateway Address is the address of the host where all Internet network traffic is initially directed for further processi
4. O Rues Ethernet e Intrusion Detection IP Address LAN 192 168 161 28 e Content Filtering Netmask LAN 2552552550 IP Address Intemet No ethl or ppp0 PETP UPN Client Gateway N A e DNS 192 168 161 1 PPTP VPN Server O sec VPN PoPToP Enabled can t determine IP address of Intemet interface Time Server DHCP Server Password DHCPd Disabled Diagnostics DNS Proxy Server i Figure 7 5 VPN PPTP IP address Obtain the current IP address of the SnapGear appliance PPTP server This address may change if your office network has an external DHCP server i e your ISP dynamically assigns your an IP address 13 Virtual Private Networking To determine the current SnapGear appliance s PPTP server IP address select Diagnostics from the System menu in the main menu bar The IP address is displayed in the VPN field Your remote users must know this PPTP IP address to setup a VPN tunnel to the SnapGear appliance Check that the remote PC has a modem installed and that you have a local ISP account i e an ISP phone number and a username and password to log in to the ISP Although users are often connected to the Internet using a dial out modem VPN connection can also be set up using a cable modem ADSL ISDN or other Internet link Ensure that both the VPN and Dial Up Networking DUN software is installed on the remote PC If necessary install the Microsoft DUN update available on the SnapGear Installation CD
5. Sec M Enable DNS Proxy Apply Reset Fuzz Advanced IP Configuration P d o O Configure the Snap GearSOHO hostname and any Internet IP aliases Diagnostics Advanced Support xj Figure 5 1 IP configuration To configure the LAN Interface of the SnapGear appliance select either a dynamically or statically assigned IP address If the LAN interface of your SnapGear appliance gets its IP address from a DHCP server on your local network then check DHCP assigned For a static IP address on the LAN interface enter the IP Address and Netmask in the fields provided You must enter a static IP address if the SnapGear appliance will act as the DHCP server on your local network Network configuration 47 If your SnapGear appliance is configured for a Direct Connection to the Internet you must also set the IP address for the Internet Interface Check DHCP assigned if the IP address of the Internet Interface is set via a DHCP server or enter the IP Address and Netmask if you have a static address for the Internet interface Enter the IP address of default gateway in the Internet Gateway field The SnapGear appliance will send all packets not destined for the local network to this machine Enter the IP address of the DNS Server that the SnapGear appliance will use to resolve domain names in the Domain Name Server field This is only required if the SnapGear appliance is configured with a static IP address on the Internet interf
6. You can optionally include gateway gw and DNS ds and dn tags if requried See the manual page for bootptab for further information 5 Save and exit the file 6 Restart TCP IP ion your system If you are unsure how to restart TCP IP simply reboot the Linux system Once the system is running it will serve the IP address to the SnapGear appliance when it is connected to your network 19 Getting started SnapGear quick setup After completing the initial network setup you can use the web pages for the common configuration tasks The SnapGear Quick Setup Wizard will guide you through the basic steps for configuring the LAN port for your SnapGear appliance and connecting to the Internet To start the wizard click the Quick Setup Wizard link on the SnapGear Management Console configuration page To modify the configuration you need to enter the administrator password for the SnapGear appliance The username field is ignored because there is no username The default factory password is default 20 Getting started LAN port quick setup The following figure shows the LAN port quick setup Quick Setup Welcome to SnapGear This setup wizard will guide you through some of the required initial configuration If the local network interface is already properly Dorit be left high and dry after configured or if you would like to defer this step until later select the skip option your 30 day installation support runs out
7. and VPN Client update To create a VPN connection across the Internet you must set up two networking connections One connection is for the Internet access provider and the other connection is for the VPN tunnel to your office network Verify that a networking connection is established for the link to your local ISP Set up a new connection for the VPN connection Your SnapGear appliance s PPTP server will operate with the standard Windows PPTP clients in all versions of Windows The following sections provide details for client setup in Windows 95 98 Windows NT and Windows 2000 Setup instructions for Windows ME and Windows XP can be deduced from this information and the Microsoft Windows documentation 14 Virtual Private Networking Windows 95 and Windows 98 From the Dial Up Networking folder double click Make New Connection Type SnapGear appliance or a similar descriptive name for your new VPN connection From the Select a device drop down menu select the Microsoft VPN Adapter and click Next Enter the PPTP IP address of the SnapGear appliance VPN server in the VPN Server field This may change if your ISP uses dynamic IP assignment Click OK and then click Finish YPN to moreton General Server Types ao YPN to moreton pa YPN Server Host name or IP Address fi 92 168 0 234 Connect using lt gt Microsoft YPN Adapter Configure Cancel Figure 7 6 VPN client setup R
8. from the Networking menu The following table describes the fields in the Dial In Setup screen and explains how to enable and configure dial in access on a SnapGear appliance COM port 36 Dial in server configuration Field Description o Enable Dial in To enable and configure dial in check the relevant COM port box The selected port is now available for dial in access If no COM port is selected all dial in attempts will be blocked The current dial in status of all COM ports is displayed If dial in is already enabled the checkbox displays a bold or shaded check mark If dial in is not enabled the checkbox is clear Note A port enabled for dial in cannot be used simultaneously for dial out activities e g dial on demand Internet connection If a port was previously set up for Internet access and is later enabled for dial in the Internet access function is disabled IP Addresses Dial in users must be assigned local IP addresses to access for Dial in users the local network Specify a free IP address from your local network that each dial up client will use when connecting to the SnapGear appliance Authentication The authentication scheme is the method the SnapGear Scheme appliance uses to challenge users dialing into the network Dial in clients must be configured to use the selected authentication scheme which may be one of MSCHAPVv2 is the most secure CHAP is less secure and PAP although more common is even le
9. 10 Note 2 Getting started Your SnapGear appliance provides a secure simple gateway to connect PCs and other devices on your local network to the outside world This chapter provides step by step instructions for connecting the SnapGear appliance to your LAN The procedures in this section are similar to the steps in the SnapGear Quick Install Guide which you may prefer to use if you are in a hurry Using an Ethernet cable connect the SnapGear appliance s LAN Ethernet port marked LAN to a spare port on the existing network hub At this stage do not switch on the power to your SnapGear appliance Your SnapGear appliance comes with an in built DHCP server that can automatically assign IP addresses to other devices on the network If you have an existing network you may already have an active DHCP server and the PCs and devices on the network may already have IP addresses assigned To simplify the installation in existing networks your SnapGear appliance ships without an initial IP address and without the DHCP server activated The following steps detail the initial setup procedure for networks with at least one Windows workstation If you wish to perform the setup procedure using a Linux box skip to the section called Initial setup using Linux later in this chapter 11 Getting started New networks If you do not have an existing LAN use the following steps to get started 1 Install the hub according to its instructions
10. Log contains debugging information that may be useful in determining whether all SnapGear appliance s services are operating correctly The SnapGear appliance also provides the option of re directing log output to a remote machine using the syslog protocol This is enabled by selecting Enable Remote Logging entering the IP address of the remote machine and clicking Apply 88 System Flash upgrade The SnapGear appliance firmware can be updated with newer versions available from the SnapGear web site http www SnapGear com downloads html The firmware is in binary image files bin that can be transferred from a PC on the local network directly into the SnapGear appliance s flash memory To perform flash upgrades the SnapGear appliance must be configured on the local network with an IP address Flash upgrades can be performed using the configuration web pages To do this click Advanced then Flash Upgrade and enter the IP address of the PC with the binary image and the appropriate filename A TFTP server must be running on the machine hosting the file During the upgrade the front panel LEDs on the SnapGear appliance will flash in an in and out pattern The SnapGear appliance retains its configuration information with the new firmware Warning If the flash upgrade is interrupted e g power down the SnapGear appliance will stop functioning and will be unusable until its flash is reprogrammed at the factory User care is advi
11. NT click the Hang up button You can then disconnect from the Internet 80 Virtual Private Networking IPSec setup The SnapGear appliance supports IPSec tunnels as well as PPTP tunnels To setup your VPN using IPSec select IPSec from the VPN menu to display the following screen Z Web Page Configuration Microsoft Internet Explorer lol x File Edt view Favortes Tools Help Ea Back gt D A A Asearch jFavortes History B Sp 3 3 Links gt IPSec VPN Setup IPSec allows you to connect two or more remote networks via an encrypted tunnel Please refer to the Quick Install Guide and User Manual for steps to setting up an IPSec tunnel For the latest Interoperability documentation with other IPSec vendors please visit the Knowledge Base at www snap gear com Enable IPSec Submit IPSec Interfaces Specify which interfaces IPSec is to be used on A maximum of interfaces can be used Default route brought up when connected to a modem Ensure the Connect fo internet settings allow for this Incoming Access Outgoing Access Ruts Intrusion Detection Conen Fillziug No default roufe available C Specific routes No specific routes available IPSec Restart IPSec with new configuration l Submit SYSTEM D e Time Server o Password Add New IPSec Connection e Diagnostics Advanced Add Support Figure 7 12 IPSec setup Enable IPSec by clicking the Ena
12. Network are all checked and click OK 42 Dial in server configuration Dial in and log on to the remote SnapGear appliance by double clicking the Connection Name icon You need to enter the Username and the Password that was set up for the SnapGear appliance dial in account as shown in the following figure Connect To ax pr ao Connection Name User name teressa Password I Save password Phone number fi 831 6569000 Dialing from New Location Dial Properties coen Figure 4 7 Connect to dialogue box Windows 2000 To configure a remote access connection on a Windows 2000 computer click Start Settings Network and Dial up Connections and select Make New Connection The network connection wizard will guide you through setting up a remote access connection Network Connection Wizard Welcome to the Network Connection Wizard Using this wizard you can create a connection to other computers and networks enabling applications such as e mail Web browsing file sharing and printing To continue click Next Cancel Figure 4 8 Network connection wizard 43 Dial in server configuration Click Next to continue Network Connection Wizard Network Connection Type You can choose the type of network connection you want to create based on A your network configuration and your networking needs Dial up to private network Connect using my phone line modem or ISD
13. PC on your network that meets the system requirements From the Start menu select Run and type z setup where z is the letter of your CD drive 3 Select the directory and Start menu group where the software utilities for your SnapGear appliance will be installed 4 The wizard will search the network for your device Once the wizard locates your device you will be asked to enter an IP address see the section called Static networks If your network already has a DHCP server i e a dynamic network an IP address is automatically assigned to your SnapGear appliance and the LEDs will stop flashing The Setup Wizard will locate your SnapGear appliance on the network 14 Getting started Static networks The Setup Wizard will ask you to enter an IP address for your SnapGear appliance Select an unused IP address to assign to the SnapGear appliance e g 10 0 0 199 The first three fields are automatically completed based on the IP address and net mask of the local machine Ensure that the SnapGear appliance is powered on and plugged into the network then click OK The Setup Wizard will check if the IP address is available If the IP address is available it is assigned to the SnapGear appliance otherwise you will be asked to select another address IP Configuration The nest step iz to configure your gateway with an IF address Enter the IP address you wish to assign to pour new device in the fields below Ensure that your d
14. across a public network e g the Internet The three key features of VPN technology are privacy nobody can see what you are communicating authentication you Know who you WAN Wide Area Network WINS Windows Internet Naming Service that manages the association of workstation names and locations with IP addresses Document conventions This document uses different fonts and typefaces to show specific actions Warning Warning text like this highlights important issues Bold text in procedures indicates text that you type or the name of a screen object e g a menu or button Introduction Installing and configuring your SnapGear appliance This manual contains instructions for installing and configuring your SnapGear appliance on your network The basic steps and related chapters are Step Chapter 1 Interconnect the SnapGear appliance Chapter 2 Getting started and PCs on a local area network 2 Connect the telecommunications Chapter 3 Connecting to the Internet hardware modem for dial in dial out Internet access 3 Set up the network IP addresses and Chapter 2 Configuring the SnapGear firewall appliance on your network 4 Set up Internet hardware and Internet Chapter 3 Connecting to the Internet account and connect to the Internet 5 Set up users security dial in dial out Chapter 4 Dial in server configuration VPN Chapter 6 Filtering and Security Groups Chapter 7 Virtual Private Networki
15. capability Othenvise you need to ask pour network administrator hor the appropriate IP settings Obtain an IF address automatically Use the following IP address IF address 152 168 161 1 Subnet mask 255 255 255 U Default gateway Obtain DNS server address automatically Use the following ONS server addresses Preferred ONS server Alternate ONS server Advanced coca Figure 2 3 TCP IP properties You can also manually configure the PCs on your network For each non configured Windows 2000 PC on the network open TCP IP Properties using the above instructions and ensure that Use the following IP address is checked and add the following information e A unique IP address and appropriate subnet mask e The Default Gateway enter the IP address of the SnapGear appliance e Inthe DNS tab enter the DNS server address es provided by your ISP 25 Getting started 3 Connecting to the Internet This chapter provides step by step instructions for connecting your SnapGear appliance to your Internet Service Provider ISP The SnapGear appliance provides secure Internet access using its robust embedded firewall The SnapGear appliance has an IP masquerading feature which means that users of your local network can see the outside world however the outside world cannot see the This helps shield your network from intruders and also allows you to packet fil
16. describes how to take advantage of the features of your SnapGear appliance including setting up a VPN a secure firewall and an Internet connection It also describes how to set up the SnapGear appliance on your existing or new network using the web configuration interface Installing your SnapGear appliance into a well planned network is quick and easy Although network planning and design is outside the scope of this manual please take the time to plan your network prior to installing your SnapGear appliance Introduction Terminology This section explains terms that are commonly used in this document Term ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line A technology allowing high speed data transfer over existing telephone lines ADSL supports data rates between 1 5 and 9 Mb s when receiving data and between 16 and 640 Kb s when sending data BOOTP Bootstrap Protoco A protocol that allows a network user to automatically receive an IP address and have an operating system boot without user interaction BOOTP is the basis for the more advanced DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol A communications protocol that assigns IP addresses to computers when they are connected to the network DHCP DNS Domain Name System that allocates Internet domain names and translates them into IP addresses A domain name is a meaningful and easy to remember name for an IP address U Dial Up Networking Ethernet A physical layer protocol ba
17. else can tamper with your messages data Using VPN you can access the office network securely across the Internet using Point to Point Tunneling Protocol PPTP or IPSec If you take your portable computer on a business trip you can dial a local number to connect to your Internet access provider and then create a second connection called a tunnel into your office network across the Internet and have the same access to your corporate network as if you were connected directly from your office Similarly telecommuters can also set up a VPN tunnel over their cable modem or DSL links to their local ISP With the SnapGear appliance you can establish a secure VPN over the Internet using either PPTP or IPSec IPSec provides better security however PPTP is the preferred protocol for integrating with existing Microsoft infrastructure The SnapGear appliance provides a PPTP server to enable remote Windows clients to securely access your office network Using the SnapGear appliance s PPTP client or IPSec you can also connect your office network to one or more remote networks This chapter explains how to configure the PPTP server and client as well as IPSec in your SnapGear appliance and how to set up remote clients to connect to your VPN tunnel as shown in the following figure Ja ia ia Figure 7 1VPN tunneling using PPTP server 65 Virtual Private Networking PPTP client setup The SnapGear PPTP client enables the SnapGear applian
18. external access to services External Access to Services suppor The SnapGear urut s firevrall on the Intemet and Dialout interfaces may be configured to eS accept or deny external requests on a specified incoming port based on the onginating source IP address This is useful for restricting extemal access to the SnapGear unit s services such as telnet on port 23 to trusted extemal IP addresses only Using the source IP address 0 0 0 0 or leaving it blank matches requests from any 1P address Note Rules for web or telnet access specified here have precedence over the options set in Administration Services above Additionally rales higher in the table have precedence over lower entres No rules have been defined yet Incoming Port Policy Accept Deny Source IP Address a defralt 00 00 Netmask 3 optional deso 2552552550 Protocol TCP UDP Adel Root Figure 6 2 Configure external access to services The SnapGear appliance firewall on the Internet interface can be configured to accept or deny external requests on a specified incoming port based on the originating i e source IP address This is useful for restricting external access to the SnapGear appliance s services e g telnet on port 23 to trusted external IP addresses only The options specified in the Administration Services section for disabling web or telnet access on the Internet interface have lower priority than any rules you
19. in to the SnapGearSOHO and connect to your network You must attach a modem to the SnapGearSOHO Also see Serial Ports and Outgoing Access Connect to Internet Dial In Setup P Co ation Enable Dial In on SnapGearSOHO COM 1 F DHCP Server Enable Dial In on SnapGearSOHO COM 2 F Advanced Networki Incoming Access Enter the free IP address es on your LAN to be used by dial in users when D Oinsoing Access connected to your SnapGearSOHO You will need to specify a free IP address for each dial in interface you wish to use Please ensure the addresses listed here O Rules are not in the range the DHCP server can assign Intrusion Detection Content Filtering IP Addresses for Dial In Clients COM 1 ae COM 2 PPTP VPN Client eg 192 168 160 206 PPTP VPN Server PSec SYSTEM TD The authentication scheme you chose below is the method by which the Time Server SnapGearSOHO will challenge connecting users CHAP or MSCHAPv2 provide stronger authentication Password O Diagnostics Set PPP Authentication C None O Advanced C PAP Support C CHAP MSCHAPv2 recommended C RADIUS C TACACS Idle Dial In lines can be disconnected after a specified period This option is enabled and disabled below Enable Idle Timeout PF Idle Tune fis minutes Continue Reset xj Figure 4 1 Dial in setup To enable and configure Dial In server for the SnapGear appliance select Dial In Setup
20. machine has its own private IP address SnapGear recommends setting Masquerade on the Internet interface Internet Interface Aliases allows the SnapGear appliance to respond to multiple IP addresses on the Internet interface You must also setup appropriate Incoming Access rules to allow traffic sent to the additional i e aliased IP addresses to be passed to the local network On rare occasions it may be necessary to change the Ethernet hardware or MAC Address of your SnapGear appliance The MAC address is a globally unique address and is specific to a single SnapGear appliance It is set by the manufacturer and should not normally be changed However you may need to change it if your ISP has configured your ADSL or cable modem to only communicate with a device with a known MAC address 50 Network configuration DHCP server The following figure shows the DHCP server configuration DHCP Server Configuration DHCP Server Settings The SnapGear DHCP Server hands out IP addresses to those hosts that request them on the local area network LAN Connect to Intemet Dial In Setup Configure the server settings IP Co ation DHCP Status DHCP Server Advanced Networki The DHCP Server is currently disabled Addresses still available FIREWALL 0 Incoming Access Addresses taken 0 Outgoing Access Rules Addresses reserved 9 Tatrusion Detection Content Filtering Total 0 VPN D Dynamic Addresses
21. specify for web or telnet access in this section 56 Firewall Port forwarding The following figure shows the port forwarding configuration Port Forwarding List the internal LAN ports that are accessible from machines on the Internet Attempts to connect to these ports on the SnapGear unit s Internet interface will be forwarded to the intemal LAN server When forwarding a range of ports Target Portis used to specify the first port in the target range Note All incoming traffic on these ports will be accepted unless rules to accept traffic on these ports from specific IP addresses only have been defined in External Access to Services above No servers have been defined yet Incoming Port po ranges accepted Target Port Target Server Protocol TCP C UDP Add Reset You may enter up to 5 rules at a time by clicking the button below Show 5 Figure 6 3 Port forwarding configuration Port forwarding allows the SnapGear appliance to control access to services provided by machines on your private network from users on the Internet Requests coming into the SnapGear appliance on the specified Incoming Port s are forwarded to the Target Port on the Target Server 57 Firewall Outgoing access Your SnapGear appliance can be configured to restrict network traffic going out the Internet interface These restrictions can be applied to specific hosts or networks defined by IP address or globally across all ho
22. the public network interface that the SnapGear appliance will use for IPSec The Authentication Identifier is required when using RSA key signatures for multiple Road Warriors and is used to identify the other participant during authentication If this field is blank the Authentication Identifier defaults to the External IP Nexthop refers to the next hop gateway IP address to the public network this field is not normally required and can be left blank This option is only available if you have chosen a specific route SnapGear recommends that you use the default route Enter the remote gateway settings To connect to from a remote machine that does not have a fixed IP address e g a Road Warrior enter an External IP of 0 0 0 0 only Dead Peer Detection allows the tunnel to be restarted if the remote gateway stops responding This option is only used if the remote gateway supports Dead Peer Detection It operates by sending notifications and waiting for acknowledgements Delay is the time between notifications The tunnel will be restarted if no acknowledgements have been received for a period of Timeout The recommended keying used in IPSec is Automatic Keying IKE The default and recommended method of authentication is using a Pre Shared secret that should be at least 24 characters long This should be a phrase that you can remember easily but is difficult for others to guess You can also authenticate using RSA digital signatures 83 Vi
23. underside of your SnapGear appliance If your network has a BOOTP server it can be used to set up the SnapGear appliance Edit the BOOTP server file etc bootptab and add an entry for the SnapGear appliance Use the Ethernet MAC address printed on a label on the bottom of the SnapGear appliance Restart bootpd if it is running and connect the SnapGear appliance to the local network The SnapGear appliance will accept gateway and DNS server tags from DHCP or BOOTP and automatically set up the routing tables for the SnapGear appliance 18 Getting started Configuring a new local DHCP or BOOTP server lf your network has no DHCP or BOOTP server you can temporarily configure a local Linux system as a bootp server using the following steps 1 Editthe etc inetd conf file 2 Search for the bootpd line Most distributions ship with this feature disabled i e the line is commented out with at the front Remove the from the start of this line 3 Save and exit the file 4 Edit the etc bootptab file At the bottom of the file add the following new line SnapGear appliance ht ethernet ha 00d0cf000101 1ip 192 168 0 1 You need to modify the IP address tag ip to match the addressing for your local network and use an address in your local subnet You also need to modify the MAC address tag ha to match your SnapGear appliance hardware The MAC address is printed on a label on the underside of the SnapGear appliance
24. you to configure the failover support You can also access the failover page by clicking Connect To Internet in the Networking menu The following figure shows the advanced configuration option Connect to Internet ISP Connection Type Select the method you use to connect to your Internet Service Provider ISP Connect to Internet Cable Modem Dial In Setup C Modem TP Configuration O ADSL DHCP Server Direct Connection Advanced Networking Continue ad Custeame Areece El ti internet 7 Figure 3 3 Advanced configuration option 30 Connecting to the Internet The following figure shows the failover configuration screen ear Broadband Narrowband Failover ais Connect to Internet aims bo Dial In Sen Number of times to attempt this connection si IP Configuration Time to wat between re trying connections ZE DHCP Server Failover Modem Configuration hiansiire akis Serial port to dial out on com1 7 Name of Internet Prowder AAA Incoming Access Phone Number to Dd Outgoing Access ISP s DNS Server Rules Usemame Intrusion Detection Password Confirm Password ss Warming Hitting apply will cause your internet connection to restart PPTP VPN Client e PPTP VPN Server Apply Cancel Advanced Refresh a Byrne 4 Figure 3 4 Failover configuration screen The following fields can be configured for the failover connection Field Description o IP Address t
25. Internet using a cable modem select a cable connection select your cable ISP from the list and click Next If your provider does not appear select Generic Cable Modem Provider For cable modem providers other than Generic enter your username and password and click Finish You are now ready to connect Click the Reboot button to save your configuration and reboot your SnapGear appliance Connect to Internet ADSL If you are connecting to the Internet using ADSL you must select the connection method PPPoE DHCP or Manually Assign Settings Alternatively the SnapGear appliance can determine the connection method automatically Use PPPoE if your ISP uses username and password authentication to access the Internet Use DHCP if your ISP does not provide a public IP address and or instructed you to obtain an IP automatically from a DHCP Server over the Internet If your ISP has given you an IP address you must manually assign the settings on the SnapGearSOHO s Internet interface Select the appropriate method and click Apply For PPPOE enter the username and password for your ISP account By default your SnapGear appliance maintains the ADSL connection continuously however you can change this if required to Connect on Demand For on demand connections enter an Idle Disconnect Time This is the time in minutes that the SnapGear appliance will wait before disconnecting if the line is idle DHCP connections also require a host name for you
26. N Dial up to the Internet Connect to the Internet using my phone line modem or ISDN Connect to a private network through the Internet Create a Virtual Private Network MPN connection or tunnel through the Internet C Accept incoming connections Let other computers connect to mine by phone line the Internet or direct cable Connect directly to another computer Connect using my serial parallel or infrared port lt Back Cancel Figure 4 9 Connection type Select Dial up to private network as the connection type and click Next to continue Network Connection Wizard Phone Number to Dial You must specify the phone number of the computer or network you want to connect to Type the phone number of the computer or network you are connecting to If you want your computer to determine automatically how to dial from different locations check Use dialing rules Area code Phone number 07 i 2659988 Country region code Australia 61 T V Use dialing rules a Figure 4 10 Phone number to dial Tick Use dialing rules to enable you to select a country code and area code This feature is useful when using remote access in another state or overseas 44 Dial in server configuration Click Next to continue Network Connection Wizard Connection Availability You may make the new connection available to all users or just yourself You may make this connection availa
27. NAP SnapGear VPN Router Family User Manual Rev August 20 2002 7984 South Welby Park Drive 101 Salt Lake City Utah 84084 Tel 801 282 8492 Fax 801 282 8496 Introduction Table of contents Ts MNTROGUCTION ui cid 1 DOCUMENE CONVENUONS eri id 4 Installing and configuring your SnapGear appliance occoocccocccoccccccocnconoconnnos 5 YOUr snabGear appliance ii 6 SnapGear appliance features ocoonccoccconcconiconnconncononononononnnnnrncnrncnrocnocanocanenonons 8 2 Getting Started casados ne dveseepedowsxened aaa 11 NEW DEIWOFK Si cirio 12 SCP WIZA d rea e EO R RE E E 13 System requirements ccccccccececeeecceeeceeeceeecsueeseceseueesaeesaueesaeeseueesaeesaneesaeeseass 13 Configuring the SnapGear appliance on your network ooccooccconconncocnconnconncos 14 mMitalset p using AD a e aa a A 17 Snapea QUICK SEUD iiaia aor a a a A ada 20 Configuring the PCs on your network ooccccccccccccccnccocncccncnonncncnoconnnnononanenaninnnos 24 3 Connecting to the Intern usinoiconino iodo 26 Physically connect modem device cccccccseeceeeceeeceecceeccaeceeeceueseeeceeesseeeaeenaes 26 Select Internet COMMECU ON ascinsioni aA E RE 2 Internet Tano Vea aiii 30 Configure PCs to use SnapGear appliance Internet gateway oo cooccoo 33 Establishing the connection yin das 33 4 Dial in server configuration ooncocccoccconnconcecnnocnnncnonanonanenarenanonnron
28. O Content Fil Username Domain Server Name Select VN ex N A Dialln c PPTP VPN Client Figure 4 4 Dial in password error When you have finished adding and modifying user account details you can configure other SnapGear appliance functions by selecting the appropriate item from the Network or System menus You can also apply packet filtering to the dial in service as detailed in Chapter 6 Firewall Warning If you have enabled a SnapGear appliance COM port for dial in this port cannot be used simultaneously for dial out activities e g dial on demand Internet connection If a port is set up for Internet access and is later enabled for dial in the Internet access function is automatically disabled 40 Dial in server configuration Remote user configuration Remote users can dial in using the SnapGear appliance using the standard Windows Dial Up Networking software Set up a new dial out connection on the remote PC to dial the phone number of the modem connected to the SnapGear appliance COM port After the dial in is connected users can access all network resources as if they were a local user For Windows 95 and Windows 98 From the Dial Up Networking folder double click Make New Connection and enter the Connection Name for your new dial in connection as shown in the following figure Make New Connection X Type a name for the computer you are dialing Cancel Figure 4 5 Make new connection
29. PTP accounts defined on the SnapGearSOHO Before users can IP Configuration connect to the PPTP Server an account will need to be added DHCP Server Advanced Networking Add New Account FIREWALL ooo Username Incoming Access Windows Domain p a Outgoing Anress optional Rules Password Inmsion Detection Confirm Content Filtering NOTE Most Windows clients expect you to specify a domain name in upper case Add Reset PPTP VPN Client Figure 7 4PPTP VPN server accounts screen Before remote users can set up a VPN tunnel to the SnapGear appliance PPTP server they must have a user accounts set up The field options in the Add New Account are detailed in the following table CIN Username Username for VPN authentication only The name selected is case sensitive e g Jimsmith is different to jimsmith Username can be the same as or different to the name set for dial in access Windows Domain Most Windows clients expect you to specify a domain name in upper case This field is optional Enter the password for the remote VPN user Re enter the password to confirm As new VPN user accounts are added they are displayed on the updated Account List To modify the password of an existing account Select the account in the Account List and then enter New Password and Confirm in the Delete or Change Password for the Selected Account field 11 Virtual Private Networking To delete an existing accou
30. Password Po Confirm o Domain optional Add Reset Figure 4 3 User maintenance screen Dial in server configuration 39 Account list As new dial in user accounts are added they are displayed on the updated Account List To modify a password for an existing account select the account in the Account List and enter the new password in the New Password and Confirm fields Click Apply under the Delete or Change Password for the Selected Account heading or click Reset if you make a mistake To delete an existing account select the account in the Account List and check Delete under the Delete or Change Password for the Selected Account heading If changes to the user account are successful the change is shown on the Dial in Setup screen If the change is unsuccessful an error is reported as shown in the following figure Dial In Setup Return to the main Dial In Setup page Error Connect to Intemet Warning The SnapGearSOHO encountered the following problem with the Dial In Setup last request PCo ation poral s i DHCP Server e Password verify field mismatch Advanced Networ Your request failed to meet the above requirement As a result of the above error your last request has been ignored Try your request again with amended data Incoming Access Outgoing Access Account List Rules a A Deccken Below is a list of existing MSCHAPw2 CHAP accounts on the SnapGearSOHO tering E zJ E lo
31. SnapGear appliance ships with a Windows installation program called SnapGear Setup Wizard If you are using statically pre assigned IP addresses on your network i e there is a static network with no active DHCP server the Setup Wizard will help assign an IP address to the SnapGear appliance On DHCP enabled i e dynamic networks the Setup Wizard will locate the IP address assigned to your SnapGear appliance The Setup Wizard will also provide the option to configure the Internet connection setup and change the password for the SnapGear appliance System requirements You can run the Setup Wizard from any PC on the network running Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows ME Windows NT 4 or Windows 95 98 If you are using Windows 95 you must have the MS Dial Up Networking 1 3 update msdun13 exe installed If you are using an early version of Windows 95 i e pre OSR2 you must install the Winsock 2 0 update w95w2setup exe If you are using Windows NT you must be logged in as administrator to run the Setup Wizard 13 Getting started Configuring the SnapGear appliance on your network To configure the SnapGear appliance on your network 1 Apply power to the SnapGear appliance When the SnapGear appliance is powered on and it has no IP address all the front panel LEDs will flash except POWER The LEDs remain flashing until an IP address is acquired 2 Insert the SnapGear appliance Installation CD into the CD drive of any Windows
32. TP VPN Server External IP Default route chosen IPSec Authentication Identifier SYSTEM em Gateway Timo Server Please fill in the configuration for your remote network To connect a remote machine that has a Password dynamic public IP address enter an External JP of 0 0 0 0 Disgrostics e Advanced Intermal subnet retmask i Support External IP Authentication Identifier Dead Peer Detection allows the tunnel to be restarted if the remote gateway stops responding This option will only have an effect if the remote gateway supports Dead Peer Detection It operates by sending notifications and waiting for acknowledgements Delay is the time between notifications The turmel will be restarted if no acknowledgements have been recerved for a period of Timeout Use Dead Peer Detection 4 Delay s Timeout s 30 Please choose the authentication method to be used a Using a Pre Shared Secret recommended C Using RSA Digital Signatures allow a few seconds to generate Ada Figure 7 13 Add new IPSec connection Enter a descriptive name for the connection in the Connection Name field 82 Virtual Private Networking Choosing to connect with Aggressive Mode increases interoperability with third party IPSec servers that only support aggressive mode connections Enter the local gateway settings Internal subnet netmask is the private network behind the SnapGear appliance External IP is
33. The LITE has an advanced Ethernet switch that makes a hub unnecessary for small networks 2 Install an Ethernet adapter and software driver in at least one of the PCs to be networked 3 Assign an IP address for your PC so the SnapGear appliance can be configured on the network From the Start menu select Settings Control Panel Network and click the Configuration tab or Protocols if using NT 4 Ensure that the TCP IP networking protocol is installed If not click Add then Protocol if using Windows 95 98 Microsoft then TCP IP Your PC will then reboot 5 Highlight TCP IP followed by your Ethernet adapter s name if using 95 98 and click Properties 6 Inthe IP Address panel select Specify an IP Address Private network addresses should be in the ranges 10 0 0 0 10 255 255 255 10 8 prefix 172 16 0 0 172 31 255 255 172 16 12 prefix 192 168 0 0 192 168 255 255 192 168 16 prefix 7 Enter the value into the IP Address field followed by a number 1 255 to identify your PC e g 10 0 0 45 You may have to reboot at this point 8 Connect the SnapGear appliance and the PC to the hub and continue with the following steps When you reach the final stages of setting up your SnapGear appliance we recommend that you take advantage of using the SnapGear appliance as a DHCP server and set up the PCs on your network to dynamically receive TCP IP configuration information 12 Getting started Setup wizard Your
34. able Content Filtering T License Enable Cache Enable Reports 7 Block List Allow List Select the action you want for every category listed below All categories must be considered independantly and are only grouped for display purposes BE allow access to content If reporting is active report access SEHON allow access to content If reporting is active log access as a violation of the site policy HN beck access to content and present error page to user If reporting is active report violation These conditions are only checked after the Block Allow lists above have been processed Adult Mature Content Pomography Sex Education Intimate Apparel Swimsuit Nudism Alcohol Tobacco Criminal Skills Mlegal Skills Drugs Gambling Hate Racism Violence Weapons Abortion Advocacy Activist Advocacy Groups Arts Entertainment Restaurants and Dining HumorJokes MP3 Streaming Business and Economy Online Banking Online Brokerage and Trading Cult Occult Ilegal Drugs Education Educational Institutions Cultural Institutions Educational Cheating Figure 6 7 Content filtering 63 In the Block List specify text that will block access to any URL containing that text For example if access to websites containing references to widgets is a violation entering that text will block any URL containing widgets including http www widgets example com Warning This list only refers to the URL it will not
35. access to the SnapGear appliance s configuration web pages WebAdmin and the SnapGear appliance itself The SnapGear appliance password is the key to the security of your network and must be kept secret SnapGear recommends choosing a password that is easy for you to remember but hard for unauthorized people to guess A potential security issue may be introduced by having a network connected SnapGear appliance accessible using the factory default password To prevent this the password for the SnapGear appliance should be changed when Setup Wizard is run or the Configuration web pages are accessed for the first time The SnapGear appliance password can be changed at any time using the configuration web pages by clicking Password in the System menu The username field is ignored as there is no username The SnapGear appliance factory default password is default 87 System Diagnostics lf you are experiencing problems with your SnapGear appliance diagnostic information is provided on the SnapGear appliance s Configuration web pages To access this information from the System menu click Diagnostics Advanced network diagnostics can be viewed by selecting the Networking menu then Advanced Networking Advanced The options on the Advanced page are intended for network administrators and advanced users only Warning Altering the advanced configuration settings may render your SnapGear appliance inoperable The System
36. ace and does not automatically get its DNS server address The SnapGear appliance can also be configured to run as a Domain Name Server The SnapGear appliance acts as a DNS proxy and passes incoming DNS requests to the appropriate external DNS server If this is enabled all the computers on the LAN should specify the IP address of the SnapGear appliance as their DNS server 48 Network configuration Advanced IP configuration The following figure shows the advanced IP configuration 3 Web Page Configuration Microsoft Internet Explorer oj x Fie Edt View Favorites Tools Help Links gt Ee Return to the main IP Configuration setup page SN aYigear Advanced IP Configuration Request Succeeded ING Co scusst succeeded O DislinSetup SnapGearSOHO Hostname IP Configuration DHCP Server HostnamefJenSnap Advanced Networking Apply Reset gt Incoming Access 1 Outgoing Access EJ Rules The firewall will stil be active if this is unchecked Inmusion Der ction ide between internal and external network Unless you know what this means Enable Masquerading should be checked ER If you are using a non routable IP address ie 192 168 x x or 10 xxx or 169 254 x x you EJ Content Filtering probably want this box checked a PPTP VPN Client Apply PPTP VPN Server Pse Dynamic DNS SYSTEM Dynamic DNS service Disabled gt e Time Server Continue Reset Password Diag
37. annual support contracts are inexpensive and give you Select the name this Snap Gear unit should know itself by unlimited support Hostname SnapGearSOHO capri Jia Did The SnapGear unit is able to glean its local network LAN address you ow that you can s a aan marchase an extended four yeer configuration in one of two ways It can dynamically obtain the warranty which covers you necessary setup information from a DHCP server already installed on against hardware failure and the local network or it can be manually configured with fixed replacement costs parameters Register online today to Obtain LAN IP address from a DHCP server on LAN activate your 30 day support Manual configuration and warranty benefits and to find out more about support Skip LAN already configured and extending your warranty Ned Figure 2 3 LAN port quick setup 1 Enter the name for your SnapGear appliance on the LAN 2 Select the method for setting the LAN port network address configuration either DHCP or manual 3 If you select DHCP or Skip the Next button will take you to the ISP Connection configuration page 4 lf you select Manual the Next button shows the Manual LAN Configuration page where you must enter an IP address and a Subnet mask for the SnapGear LAN port 21 Getting started ISP connection quick setup The following figure shows the ISP connection quick setup ISP Connection Select the method
38. apGear appliance itself SnapGear recommends that you select a new password that is easy for you to remember but difficult for other people to guess Your password must be kept secret to maintain the security provided by the SnapGear appliance Your SnapGear appliance is now configured The Setup Wizard will prompt you to launch a web browser and open the SnapGear Appliance Configuration web pages SnapGear appliance configuration web pages The SnapGear Appliance Configuration web pages contain additional configuration options To access the web pages select SnapGear appliance Config Pages from the SnapGear appliance Start menu group Alternately you can point your web browser to the SnapGear appliance s IP address e g http 10 0 0 199 If you cannot access the web pages check that your browser proxy settings are correctly configured In MSIE the settings are modified in Tools Internet Options Connection tab LAN settings 16 Getting started Initial setup using Linux Your SnapGear appliance as shipped is configured with no IP address When the SnapGear appliance is powered on and has no IP address all the LEDs on the front panel except the Power LED will flash The LEDs stop flashing when an IP address is acquired The first setup task is to add an IP address in the SnapGear appliance using either DHCP or BOOTP You may use an existing local DHCP BOOTP server set up a new local DHCP BOOTP server or use the lin _set_i
39. ble IPSec box underneath the IPSec Setup title and then click Submit Enable the interface where you want to use IPSec This may be the default gateway or a PPP interface for ADSL and cable modems or eth1 if the SnapGear appliance is connected to a router before connecting to the Internet and then click Submit 81 Virtual Private Networking To add a new IPSec connection click on Add under Add New IPSec Connection to show the following screen 3 Web Page Configuration Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help HBak gt O A A seach GFavorites Hristory Ey Sp gt E Add New IPSec Connection 3 Please fill in the name for the IPSec connection The name must not start with numbers or contain quotes or spaces Cormection Nare Use Aggressive Mode D Please fill in the configuration for your local network The Infernal subnetnetmask refers to the private network behind the SnapGearSOHO The External IP refers to the public network interface that the SnapGearSOHO will use for IPSec This can be an IP address or a DNS hostnarne address The Authentication Mentifier is required when using Aggressive Mode or using RSA key signatures for multiple Road Warriors and is used to identify the other participant for authentication For all other scenarios this field should be left blank and it will default to the External IP e PPTP VPN Client Internal subnet netmask fi 92168 161 0 255 255 255 0 e PP
40. ble to all users or keep it only for your own use A connection stored in your profile will not be available unless you are logged on Create this connection For all users Only for myself lt Back Cancel Figure 4 11 Connection availability Select the option Only for myself to make the connection only available for you This is a security feature that will not allow any other users who log onto your machine to use this remote access connection Network Connection Wizard Completing the Network Connection Wizard Type the name you want to use for this connection Office Connect To create this connection and save it in the Network and Dial up Connections folder click Finish To edit this connection in the Network and Dial up Connections folder select it click File and then click Properties V Add a shortcut to my desktop lt Back Cancel Figure 4 12 Connection name Enter a name for the connection and click Finish to complete the configuration By ticking Add a shortcut to my desktop an icon for the remote connection will appear on the desktop 45 Dial in server configuration To launch the new connection double click on the new icon on the desktop and the remote access login screen will appear as in the next figure If you did not create a desktop icon click Start Settings Network and Dial up Connections and select the appropriate connection and enter the username and password se
41. ce to establish a VPN to a remote network running a PPTP server usually a Microsoft Windows server To set up a SnapGear PPTP VPN Client select PPTP VPN Client from the VPN menu and create a new VPN connection by entering e Adescriptive name for the VPN connection This may describe the purpose for the connection e The remote PPTP server IP address to connect to e A username and password to use when logging in to the remote VPN You may need to obtain this information from the system administrator of the remote PPTP server and e Optionally the remote network s netmask e Click Add 66 Virtual Private Networking If the remote VPN is already up and running check Start Now to establish the connection immediately as shown in the following figure 3 Web Page Configuration Microsoft Internet Explorer i i 7 al x File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back gt O A A Gsearch Gyravorites CHristory B Sh 5 3 Links gt PPTP VPN Client Setup PPTP YPN Client Not Configured The SnapGearsOHO can be configured Lo create one or more connections to aremote VPN or VPNs There are no YPN connections configured at this time To add one use the Create Connect to Intemet New VPN Connection below Dist In Setup IP Configuration DHCP Server Advanced Networking Connection Name MyPPTPconnection Server IP Address 222 65 69 13 Incoming Access Usemame MyPPTPusername Oulpomw Access Passwor
42. cret must be entered identically at each end of the tunnel The IPSec tunnel will fail to connect if the pre shared secret is not identical at both ends The pre shared secret is a highly sensitive piece of information It is essential to keep this information secret Communications over the IPSec tunnel may be compromised if this information is divulged Aggressive mode phase 1 settings IPSec combines a number of cryptographic techniques Block ciphers A symmetric cipher that operates on fixed size blocks of plaintext giving a block of ciphertext for each Hash functions A complex operation that uses both a hashing algorithm MD5 or SHA and a key Diffie Hellman The Diffie Hellman key agreement protocol allows two parties A and B to agree on a key in such a way that an eavesdropper who intercepts the entire conversation cannot learn the key The protocol is based on the discrete logarithm problem and is considered to be secure Automatic keying provides a mechanism for regularly changing the cryptographic keys used by the IPSec tunnel This regular key change results in enhanced security if a third party gets one key only the messages between the previous re keying and the next are exposed Key Lifetime is the time between consecutive re keying events i e the lifetime of a key Shorter values offer higher security at the expense of the computational overhead required to calculate the new keys SnapGear recommends a defaul
43. ct to a private network through the Internet and click Next Network Connection Wizard Network Connection Type You can choose the type of network connection you want to create based on A your network configuration and your networking needs C Dial up to private network Connect using my phone line modem or ISDN Dial up to the Internet Connect to the Internet using my phone line modem or ISDN Create a Virtual Private Network VPN connection or tunnel through the Internet C Accept incoming connections Let other computers connect to mine by phone line the Internet or direct cable C Connect directly to another computer Connect using my serial parallel or infrared port lt Back Cancel Figure 7 9 Network connection type Virtual Private Networking 78 This displays the Destination Address window Network Connection Wizard Destination Address What ts the name or address of the destination Type the host name or IP address of the computer or network to which you are connecting Host name or IF address such as microsoft com or 125 45 6 78 lt Back Cancel Figure 7 10 Destination address Enter the SnapGear PPTP server s IP address and click Next Select the Connection Availability you require on the next window and click Next to display the final window Network Connection Wizard Completing the Network Connection Wizard Type the name you wa
44. e SnapGear unit can test the Internet connection by ensuring that the physical connection was made correctly i e an IP address was received from the ISP and then pinging a remote host For some Internet connections e g PPPoE ADSL you may need to ping a remote host to determine if the Internet connection is up or down The SnapGear unit will usually detect ifa PPPoE ADSL Internet connection is down For Internet connection types that require you to specify a static IP address or use DHCP the SnapGear unit cannot usually detect if the Internet connection is down To ensure that the Internet connection is up enter a host for the SnapGear unit to ping If the Internet connection fails the SnapGear unit will attempt to reconnect to the Internet using the main connection for the number of specified times After each failed attempt the SnapGear unit will wait the number of seconds specified For PPPoE and dial up connections the SnapGear unit sends an echo request and the remote machine responds with an echo reply If more than three echo replies do not appear the main connection is considered down Warning You currently cannot failover for an ADSL demand dial internet connection or for any type of modem connection 32 Connecting to the Internet Configure PCs to use SnapGear appliance Internet gateway The PCs on your network must be configured to use the SnapGear appliance as the default gateway for Internet access See the secti
45. e relative performance of various types of IP traffic This advanced feature is provided for expert users to fine tune their networks Additional routes The Additional routes feature allows expert users add additional static routes for the SnapGear appliance These routes are in addition to those created automatically by the SnapGear appliance configuration scripts 53 Network configuration 6 Firewall The SnapGear appliance has a fully featured state driven firewall The firewall allows you to control both incoming and outgoing access and to detect intrusion attempts so that PCs on the office network can have tailored Internet access facilities and be shielded from malicious attacks The SnapGear Firewall filters packets at the network layer determines whether the session packets are legitimate and evaluates the contents of packets at the application layer to provide maximum protection for your private network Incoming access Firewall Click Incoming Access on the Firewall menu to show the Incoming Access configuration page to configure the firewall to e Control external access to services provided by the SnapGear appliance itself and e Control services provided by machines on your local network 54 Incoming access administration services The following figure shows the incoming access configuration page SN AP Incoming Access gear Administration Services By default the SnapGear unit runs a web admi
46. eely edited so trusted servers and hosts are not blocked The two addresses 0 0 0 0 and 127 0 0 1 cannot be removed from the ignore list because they represent the IDB host Warning A word of caution regarding automatically blocking UDP requests Because the source address of these requests can be easily forged by an attacker a host that automatically blocks UDP probes can be tricked into restricting access from legitimate services Proper firewall rules and ignored hosts lists will significantly reduce this risk 61 Firewall Content filtering The SnapGear Content Filtering system limits the types of web based content accessed Web based content featuring profanity sexually explicit or other objectionable material can be limited or blocked from the following screens The following figure shows content filtering 62 Firewall Firewall Lime gt ye re gt gt gt Copyright C 1977 2002 inapo az Inc Alnas merned Content Filtering Content Filtering The SnapGear Content Filtering system allows you to limit the types of web based content that can be accessed If a line from the Block list appears in a URL then that URL will be blocked If a line from the Allow list appears in the URL then that URL will be allowed only if it wasn t previously blocked Note that reporting will not function correctly unti the SnapGear unit has the correct time date set The most effective way to do this is with a Time Server En
47. ernet The SnapGear appliance has all the features a business needs to take full advantage of the Internet Regardless of whether you are connecting to the Internet for the first time or looking for a cost effective and safe VPN solution the SnapGear appliance will meet your needs The SnapGear appliance simply and securely interconnects your network to the Internet using a robust embedded firewall Shielded behind a NAT gateway your office computers are protected from outside threats The SnapGear appliance filters and checks data packets to prevent unauthorized Internet applications accessing your network The SnapGear appliance provides your network with a Virtual Private Network VPN server A VPN enables remote workers or branch offices to securely access your company network to send and receive data at a very low cost With the SnapGear appliance you can remotely access your office network securely using the Internet The SnapGear appliance can also connect to external VPNs as a client Using your SnapGear appliance everyone on your office LAN can access the Internet using a single connection Your entire network can log on to the Internet using only one ISP account through one analog modem DSL or ISDN line This eliminates separate connections and ISP charges for each individual user Using a dial in modem connected to your SnapGear appliance your remote staff can also securely access your office network using direct dial This manual
48. evice is plugged into the network and powered on then click OF to start faz fies ro Figure 2 1 Setup wizard IP setup The LEDs on the front panel of the SnapGear appliance will flash The LEDs stop flashing when an IP address is assigned to the SnapGear appliance If there is more one SnapGear appliance on the network the Setup Wizard will ask you to select which appliance you want to set up based on the device s unique LAN port MAC address A MAC address is a unique physical address assigned by the manufacturer for all Ethernet adapters Because the MAC address is fixed for the life of the device and no two devices are the same the MAC address is an excellent way to uniquely identify equipment on your network The MAC address is located on the underside of the SnapGear appliance 15 Getting started The system prompts you to confirm the setup as shown in the following figure B Multiple devices found xi 4 SnapGear device has been found at the address below IP address 192 168 160 1 MAC address 00 d0 cFf 00 b1 aa Is this the device that you wish to setup NOTE the MAC address of your device can be found on the underside of the box Yes No Figure 2 2 Setup wizard Internet setup After an IP address is allocated the SnapGear Setup Wizard prompts you to change the internal password for the SnapGear appliance This password controls access to the SnapGear Appliance Configuration web pages and the Sn
49. h upgradeable firmware that allows you to download and install the latest protocols and security software using the web Connect Windows PCs Macintoshes Linux and Unix workstations basically anything that talks IP to the Internet Internet link features e Connect to the Internet using an external cable modem DSL dial up or ISDN modem e Serial ports COM1 COM 2 connect to the Internet using an external modem or ISDN T A The LITE and LITE models have a single serial port e 10baseT Ethernet port Internet that connect to the Internet using a cable or ADSL modem e Front panel serial status LEDs for TXD RXD e Online status LEDs for Internet VPN e Rear panel Ethernet LEDs Link Transmit Receive LAN link features e For the SnapGear SOHO and PRO models o 10BaseT LAN port to connect to the local network Ethernet hub o Rear panel Ethernet LEDs Link Transmit Receive e For the SnapGear LITE and LITE models o 10 100BaseT LAN port to connect to the local network Dial in connection features If you are using the SnapGear SOHO and PRO external modems may be attached to the serial ports for dial in connection Introduction Environmental features Introduction External power adaptor voltages current depend on individual models Front panel status LEDs Power Test Operating temperature between 0 C and 40 C Storage temperature between 20 C and 70 C Humidity between 0 to 95 non condensing
50. ight click the new icon and select Properties Select the Server Types tab and check the Log on to network Enable software compression and Require encrypted password checkboxes Leave the other Advanced Options unchecked Select the TCP IP network protocols from the Allowed network protocols list Warning Do not select NetBEUI or IPX If an unsupported protocol is selected an error message is returned 19 Virtual Private Networking Click TCP IP Settings Confirm that the Server Assigned IP Address Server Assigned Name Server Address Use IP Header Compression and Use Default Gateway on Remote Network are all selected and click OK YPN to moreton General Server Types Type of Dial Up Server PPP Internet Windows NT Server Windows 98 Advanced options MV Log on to network MV Enable software compression IV Require encrypted password T Require data encryption T Record a log file for this connection Allowed network protocols NetBEUI M TCPAP TCP IP Settings Figure 7 7 VPN client server settings Your VPN client is now set up correctly Virtual Private Networking 76 Windows NT From the Dial Up Networking dialog click New and select the Basic tab In the Entry name field enter SnapGear appliance or a similar descriptive name and click Next Enter the SnapGear appliance s PPTP IP address into the Phone Number field Warning Note that this IP address may change if yo
51. l machines on your local network or to specific machines or networks 58 Firewall Use the Add Hosts or Networks section to specify the specific machines or networks to restrict outgoing access as shown in the following figure 3 Web Page Configuration Microsoft Internet Explorer a ol x File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Ee Back gt G 2 A Reach jFavorites CBristory Gh Ey 3 3 Links gt PPTP VPN Client PPTP VPN Server Block None e IPSec m Bock Nona ii Times Apply Reset Password Wipes Add Hosts or Networks Advanced Security settings may be specified for individual hosts or networks Note These settings are s in addition to global and diaiin settings Use the field below for adding a new address to the Outgoing Access Settings table This field accepts IP addresses DNS hostnames and network masks eg 192 168 160 0 24 or 192 168 160 0 255 255 255 0 Add new address Add Reset Figure 6 5 Outgoing access settings Firewall rules The Firewall Rules configuration page allows firewall experts to view the current firewall rules and add custom firewall rules To access this page click Rules in the Firewall menu Only experts on firewalls and iptables rules will be able to add effective custom firewall rules Configuring the SnapGear firewall via the Incoming Access and Outgoing Access configuration pages is adequate for most applications 59 Firewall Intr
52. lick Configure the IP addresses to be handed out to enter the addresses from where the DHCP server will allocate IP addresses to machines on the local network To reserve a particular IP address for a specific machine click Configure the IP addresses to be reserved for particular hosts For each reserved IP address you must enter the Hostname and MAC Address of the machine as well as the IP Address that will be allocated to the machine To take advantage of the SnapGear appliance s DHCP server functionality you should configure the other machines on your local network to get their IP addresses dynamically from the SnapGear appliance Please refer the documentation for the other machines for instructions on how to configure the local network interface 52 Network configuration Advanced networking Users can perform the following diagnostic tasks on the Advanced Networking screen e Performa Ping Test e Performa Trace Route Test e View the Interface Configuration e View the Kernel Route Table The advanced networking configuration tasks Traffic Shaping and Additional Routes are also accessed using the Advanced Networking page Traffic shaping The Traffic Shaping feature of your SnapGear appliance allows you to allocate High Medium or Low priority to the following services domain tcp domain udp ftp ftp data http https imap irc nntp ntp pop3 smtp ssh and telnet Traffic Shaping provides a level of control over th
53. lize Please contact your dealer All LEDs on In recovery mode usually from a bad Flash image While the reset button is held in this will be the LED pattern VPN amp and Internet Link Cannot load static data into memory Please contact your probably memory and or Flash problem dealer COM2 and Internet Link Cannot load SBSS probably memory Please contact your and or Flash problem dealer Online Memory exception Please contact your dealer 91 Appendix A LED status patterns
54. n server and a telnet daemon You can disable these services on certain interfaces below Disabling all of the services will make future configuration changes to the unit impossible without a hard reset Select which ICMP Connect to Intemet messages will be accepted on the Intemet interface Destination unreachable ICMP messages i will always be accepted Dis inSetup IP Configuration I Disable Web admin on LAN interface not recommended o DHCP Server I Disable Telnet on LAN interface gt Advanced Networking M Disable Web admin on Intemet interface M Disable Telnet on Intemet interface FIREWALL Disable Web admin on Dialin interface O Incoming Access Disable Telnet on Dialin interface Outgoing Access M Accept protocol unreachable Rules Accept echo request incoming ping e Intrusion Detection o Content Fitenng SnapGear Web Server The SnapGear unit can be configured to run its web admin server on a port other than the VN D HTTP default 20 Changing the default administration port is recommended if you intend to allow the unit to be configured externally not just from the trusted LAN side on your e PPTP VPN Client network PPIP VPN Server e IPSec Note To continue web configuration you will need to point your browser to the unit s new administration port eg a device at IP address 10 0 0 1 using administration port 31 is Web server port A Time Server Apply Reset Password 5 A E
55. nenanenars 34 a e T 36 EDI AH INES ST accoun S ergene oE e e aeia 38 Remote userconiguratoN serdi a E E 41 Introduction 5 NetWork CONTGQUIAUION cuicos 47 AA ea he tence ete ene aakariaetnaetuae ht date ahae 47 Advanced IP GOnmGUrAL ON te 49 DHO FP SSP AA RES Oo CO losie Seats hen o A E A 51 Advanced MCTWONKING sir iii 53 Os RIC Wallonadanndi dada lid 94 INCOMINA ACCES Seis iii 54 OUTGOING ACCES sr are 58 Fr Walla dd 99 Intrusion detection and bDlocking ooccoccconcconoconocononcnnonocononanonononanocanonannns 60 CONTENT TINCT ii o cios 62 7 Virtual Private Networking oococccoccocccccconcccccnncnaconanoncnnncnaronrenarnarnanenanon 65 PPIP CIEN SUD 66 PPIP SS VS sel aa idas 68 e o Poo PEO eaten ae een 81 IP SEG INTEFOD EADY road odas 86 8 O seca OPE E ceeeatensce 87 MS Seriado ia 8 AS SW OMG redadas 8 NAGMOSUCS 2 25 sctar e e aa aE 88 ANAO a A eae tine saneapenonne asap tenen aaa aude ieee 88 Flash COGN ACC sr E 89 RESET Md dao 89 Y Technical SUP DORE usina 90 Appendix A LED status patternS coccocccccccccccccnccncnncnncnnconcnnronrnarnarnnnonnnnns 91 Introduction Introduction 1 Introduction This chapter provides an overview of your SnapGear appliance s features and capabilities and explains how to install and configure your SnapGear appliance The SnapGear appliance enables small to medium sized businesses to securely interconnect computers on your office network to the Int
56. ng Introduction Your SnapGear appliance The following items are included with your SnapGear appliance e Power adapter e Installation CD e Printed Quick Install guide e Cabling including o 1normal UTP cable blue color o 1 cross over UTP cable either gray or red color If you have the LITE you will receive two straight through cables blue color LEDs The front and rear panels contain LEDs indicating status The front panel LEDs are illustrated in the following figure and detailed in the following table O POWER com O Q system 00 0 2 com Y OVPN LAN Internet Figure 1 1 SnapGear SOHO PRO front panel LEDs POWER PWR Power is supplied to the SnapGear appliance System SYSTEM Flashing System flashes once every second when the SnapGear appliance is operating correctly If the System LED is on and not flashing an operating error has occurred In this situation the other LEDs form a diagnostic pattern indicating the failure On Online ONLINE On Indicates a valid Internet connection is present COM 1 2 Flashing For either of the SnapGear appliance COM ports these LEDs indicate receive and transmit data On On o Virtual Private Networking is enabled Introduction The rear panel contains the connector ports for the LAN LAN and modem COM7 COM2 LAN 10BaseT status LEDs WAN 10BaseT status LEDs the reset button and power inlet The upper LEDs represent the Link condition where a cable i
57. ng The DNS Address is the address of the host that translates Internet domain names into IP addresses 23 Getting started Configuring the PCs on your network To access the Internet all PCs on your network must have e The IP address of the SnapGear appliance defined as their default gateway and e Must use the DNS server provided by the ISP You can enter these details manually i e statically or they can be dynamically assigned by a DHCP server each time the PC boots To take advantage of the SnapGear appliance s DHCP server or if you are already using a DHCP server on the network for each non configured Windows PC on the network open the Control Panel then Network Control Panel and select the Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server option which is under TCP IP Properties see Figure 2 3 If you are using Windows 95 98 click the Configuration panel TCP IP lt your network adapter gt Properties then the IP Address panel If you are using Windows NT 4 click the Protocols panel TCP IP Properties and then the IP Address panel 24 Getting started If you are using Windows 2000 click Start Settings Network and Dial up Connections then right click Local Area Connection click Properties select Internet Protocol and then click Properties to display the following screen Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties E E 3 _ x General ou can getlP settings assigned automatically if your network supports this
58. nostics Internet Interface Aliases optional 5 Advanced The SnapGearSOHO s Internet interface can be configured with multiple IP address aliases Support NB All incoming traffic to the newly configured alias address is explicitly blocked Attempts to access ports on an aliased interface can be forwarded using Port Forwarding rules in the s section e You must configure your Intemet interface before adding aliases The SnepGearsOHO s Intemet port MAC address may be modified below WARNING this option is intended for network administrators and advanced users only Changing the hardware address may have seriously adverse effects on your network NB All values must be in HEX foo foo fcr foo co E5 Apply Reset Figure 5 2 Advanced IP configuration The Hostname is a descriptive name for the SnapGear appliance on the network The SnapGear appliance can utilize IP Masquerading where users on the local network effectively share a single external IP address Masquerading allows insiders to get out without allowing outsiders in By default the Internet interface is setup to Masquerade 49 Network configuration Masquerading has the following advantages e Added security as only the gateway address is known to machines outside the local network e All machines on the local network can access the Internet using a single ISP account e Only one public IP address is used and is shared by all machines on the local network Each
59. nt Select the account in the Account List and then check Delete in the Delete or Change Password for the Selected Account field If a requested change to a user account is successful the PPTP VPN Setup screen is shown with the change noted An error is displayed if the change request is unsuccessful 12 Virtual Private Networking Configuring the remote VPN client After setting up the SnapGear PPTP VPN server the remote VPN clients can be configured to securely access the local network You need to enter the VPN client username and password that your remote users will use to access the SnapGear PPTP VPN from the remote site The names may or may not be the same as your normal network username and password and should be different from the username and password used by your remote users use to access their local ISP The following figure shows the VPN PPTP IP address SN AP Diagnostics gear Version SnapGearSnapGe aSOHOt Version 1 7 0b Wed Jun 5 14 38 37 EST 2002 Linux version 24 17 uc0 pdh luggage gcc version 2 95 3 20010315 release ColdFire patches 20010318 from http ffiddes net coldfire msep data patches 7 Wed Jun 5 Connect to Intemet 12 57 30 EST 2002 DiskinSetup IP Cons System Up time 0 days 0 hours 51 minutes 27 seconds DHCP Server Advanced Networking Internet Connect to Internet Enabled Cable Modem Dial In Incoming Access Dial In Serial Port 1 e Outgoing Access
60. nt to use for this connection Virtual Private Connection To create this connection and save it in the Network and Dial up Connections folder click Finish To edit this connection in the Network and Dial up Connections folder select it click File and then click Properties I Add a shortcut to my desktop Back Cancel Figure 7 11 Completing the network connection wizard Enter an appropriate name for your connection and click Finish Your VPN client is now set up correctly 79 Virtual Private Networking Connecting the remote VPN client Firstly connect to the Internet using the network connection to your ISP After authenticating the connection to your ISP select the connection for the SnapGear appliance VPN For Windows 95 98 2000 enter the username and password allocated by your SnapGear appliance s VPN administrator and click Connect For Windows NT click Dial and enter the username and password allocated by your SnapGear appliance s VPN administrator After you are authenticated to the network you can check your e mail use the office printer access shared files and browse the network as if you were physically on the LAN To disconnect the VPN tunnel connection to the remote SnapGear appliance e On the desktop double click My Computer then Dial Up Networking and select the phonebook entry for the SnapGear appliance VPN e For Windows 95 98 2000 click the Disconnect button e For Windows
61. nternet using a common broadband medium e g single DSL line wireless device cable modem etc PPPoE PPTP Point to Point Tunneling Protocol A protocol developed by Microsoft that is popular for VPN applications Although not considered as secure as IPSec PPP is considered good enough technology Micorosoft has addresses many flaws in the original implementation Road warrior A remote machine with no fixed IP address Router A network device that moves packets of data A router differs from hubs and switches because it is intelligent and can route packets to their final destination Subnet mask See Net mask Switch A network device that is similar to a hub but much smarter Although not a full router a switch partically understands how to route Internet packets A switch increases LAN efficiency by utilizing bandwidth more effectively TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol The basic protocol 3 Introduction i nn for Internet communication TCP IP address Fundamental Internet addressing method that uses the form nnn nnn nnn nnn UTC Coordinated Universal Time Unshielded Twisted Pair cabling A type of Ethernet cable that can operate up to 100Mb s Also known as Category 5 or CAT 5 are communicating with and integrity nobody can tamper with your messages data VPN Virtual Private Networking When two locations commmunicate securely and effectively
62. o ping IP address the SnapGear unit will ping to determine if the Internet connection is up or down How often to ping the remote machine to determine if the Ping Interval ae Internet connection is up or down Number of times to attempt Number of times to attempt the connection before the this connection SnapGear unit moves to the failover connection If the Internet connection fails immediately when the password is wrong or if the SnapGear unit is unable to contact an ADSL modem to make a connection specify the amount of time to wait between retrying this connection after the initial failure is detected Time to wait between re trying connections Fall forward This allows the SnapGear unit to continue trying the main Internet connection until the connection is established At this point the SnapGear unit disconnects the backup Internet connection and continues using the main Internet connection This option is only available after configuring the failover connection Enable failover Checking this box indicates you want the SnapGear unit to use the backup Internet connection if the SnapGear unit detects that the main Internet connection has failed This option is only available afterconfiguring the failover connection 31 Connecting to the Internet Failed connection An Internet connection is considered failed if the SnapGear unit tests the Internet connection the specified number of times and fails each time Th
63. omg Access Rules Add New Account Intrusion Detection Content Filtering Username Password PPTP VPN Client Confirm PPTP VPN Server Domain optional O PSec Add Reset SYSTEM Time Server Password Diagnostics Advanced Support Figure 4 2 Dial in user account creation The field options in Add New Account are shown in the following table Field Description o Username Username for dial in authentication only The name is case sensitive e g Jimsmith is different to jimsmith Password for the remote dial in user Re enter the password to confirm Domain If your network has a Windows NT server you can attach a domain name to your dial in remote user accounts This field is optional and can be left blank 38 Dial in server configuration The following figure shows the user maintenance screen Connect to Internet Dial In Setup TP Configuration DHCP Server Advanced Networking FIREWALL Incoming Access Outgoing Access Rules Intrusion Detection Content Filtering PPTP VPN Client PPTP VPN Server PSec SYSTEM Time Server Password Diagnostics Advanced Support Dial In Setup Return to the main Dial In Setup page Account added Below is a list of existing MSCHAPv2 CHAP accounts on the SnapGearSOHO jen N A Dialln C Delete Account New Password Confirm Apply Reset Username II
64. on called Configuring the PCs on your network for more information Establishing the connection lf you are connecting to your ISP using a modem or ISDN connection the SnapGear appliance will automatically place a call when an application requires access to the Internet e g sending e mail browsing the web etc To establish the connection 1 From any PC on the network launch a browser application e g Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator 2 The SnapGear appliance will dial the ISP and log in On the front panel the COM LED will flash when establishing the connection 3 The ONLINE LED will light when the Internet link is created and your browser will display the default home page 4 If Dial on demand ldle time is enabled the SnapGear appliance will also disconnect from the Internet when the connection is idle for the specified period Internet access is automatic if you are using a permanent connection device e g cable modem 33 Connecting to the Internet 4 Dial in server configuration SnapGear appliance enables remote and secure access your office network This chapter shows how to set up the dial in features Note The RAS Remote Access Server functions n this section are not supported by all SnapGear appliances Your SnapGear appliance can be configured to receive dial in calls from remote users sites Remote users are individual users e g telecommuters who connect directly from their client work
65. p program on the SnapGear CD in the tools directory Using lin_set_ip The lin _set_ip program is a command line tool for assigning an IP address or you SnapGear appliance Depending on your system configuration you may need root privileges to run this tool You may also need to add an extra static route using route add host 255 255 255 255 ethO0 where etho0 is the name of your LAN interface You may need to prefix this line with the route command s directory path e g sbin route add etc Run lin set_ip from the command line and enter the IP address to assign to your SnapGear appliance After a short time the IP address is assigned to the SnapGear appliance and the LEDs will stop flashing 17 Getting started Using an existing local DHCP or BOOTP server If your local network is configured with a DHCP server the SnapGear appliance will automatically acquire an address when attached to the network Check your local DHCP server logs to find the address assigned to your SnapGear appliance lf you are unable to access your local DHCP server logs you can find the assigned address by entering the following commands at a command prompt These commands work on both Windows and Linux operating systems 1 ping lt subnet broadcast address gt 2 arp a The output of the arp command will contain the MAC address of your SnapGear appliance and the corresponding Internet Address You can find the MAC address printed on the
66. pts to make before discontinuing Time Between Redials specifies the number of seconds to wait between redial attempts Statically assigned IP The majority of ISPs dynamically assign an IP address to address your connection when you dial in However some ISPs use This option is available in pre assigned static addresses If your ISP has given you a the Advanced Setup static IP address enter it in Local IP Address and enter the address of the ISP gateway in Remote IP Address 29 Connecting to the Internet Internet failover SnapGear units are designed with the real Internet in mind which may mean downtime due to ISP equipment or telecommunications network failure Failures can occur by someone removing the wrong plug from the wall or typing in the wrong ISP password Regardless of the reason for this failure it can potentially be very expensive Failover provides the ability to use a low speed connection when the high speed connection fails to allow services to continue operating When a main Internet connection fails and a backup connection or failover is started VPN connections are restarted and dynamic DNS services are advised of the new IP address The goal is to make the failover seamless to operation Internet failover is currently only available in the SnapGearSOHO SnapGearPRO and SnapGearPRO appliances With theSnapGearPRO after configuring a normal Internet connection a link to the Internet failover page allows
67. r SnapGear appliance Select Manually Assign Settings and enter the IP Address and Netmask and optionally the Gateway and the DNS Address if provided by your ISP Reboot the SnapGear appliance for the new configuration to take effect If you are unsure of the ADSL Connection Method select Autodetect connection type and your SnapGear appliance will attempt to automatically determine the connection method 27 Connecting to the Internet Connect to Internet direct Choosing Direct Connection to the Internet shows the IP Configuration page Seethe section called P configuration Connect to Internet modem The following figure shows the Setup modem Internet connection ear Connect to Internet via a Modem Account Details NETWORKING Senal port to dial out on COM 1 c Name of Internet Provider onnect te intemet Phone Number to Dial Dial In Setup P Configuration ISP s DNS Server DHCP Server Username Advanced Networking Password Confirm Password ts a A Incoming Access Outgoing Access Rules Intrusion Detection Content Filtering GPN D PPTP VPN Chent z tg Internet p Figure 3 2 Setup modem Internet connection If you are connecting to the Internet using a modem the system displays the Connect to Internet via a Modem screen The following table describes the fields and explains how to configure the dial up connection to your ISP 28 Connecting to the Internet
68. rk To setup a VPN connection e Enable and configure the PPTP VPN server e Setup VPN user accounts on the SnapGear appliance and enable the appropriate authentication security e Configure the VPN clients at the remote sites The client does not require special software The SnapGear PPTP Server supports the standard PPTP client software included with Windows 95 98 Windows ME Windows XP WinNT and Windows 2000 The VPN connection is simple to configure using the standard Dial Up Networking software The SnapGear PPTP Server is also compatible with Unix PPTP client software e Connect the remote VPN client The following sections provide additional detailed instructions 68 Virtual Private Networking Enable and configure the PPTP VPN server The following figure shows the PP TP server setup 3 Web Page Configuration Microsoft Internet Explorer F 7 loj x File Edt View Favorites Tools Help Back gt O 2 A Gsearch Favorites GBristory D S 5 a Links gt PPTP VPN Server Setup The SnapGearsOHO PPTP YPN server allows remote users who are connected to the Intemet to connect to your local area network LAN The server is compatible with Windows 95 98 NT 2000 and Linux PPTP clients Connect to Intemet Dist in Setup Enable PPTP Server l IP Configuration DHCP Server Advanced Networkin g Enter the IP addresses for the tunnel end points You will need to specify a free IP address f
69. rom your local network each VPN client will use when connecting to the SnapGearSOHOt Please ensure the IP s listed here are not in the range the DHCP server can assign ranges accepted eg 192 168 160 250 254 lscoming Access ld 9 O Cingoing Anness IP Address es to Assign VPN Clients Rues Istrusion Detection Content Filtering PPTP VPN Client 7 PPTP VPN Server Select the authentication scheme used to validate connecting clients C None C PAP basic authentication C CHAP strong authentication MSCHAPv2 stronger authentication MSCHAPv2 and Encryption recommended stronger authentication plus dete privacy RADIUS TACACS Continue Reset Figure 7 3 PPTP server setup To enable and configure your SnapGear appliance s VPN server select PPTP VPN Server from the VPN menu in the SnapGear appliance Config Pages Virtual Private Networking The following table describes the fields in the VPN Setup screen and the options available when enabling and configuring VPN access Field Description S Enable PPTP Check this box to enable PPTP connections to be established to Server your SnapGear appliance IP Addresses for Enter the IP addresses for the tunnel end points You need to the Tunnel End specify a free IP address on your local network that each VPN Points client will use when connecting to the SnapGear appliance Please ensure that the IP addresses listed here are not in the range
70. rtual Private Networking Click Add to complete the IKE setup as shown in the following screen Dist in Setup IP Configuration DHCP Server e Advanced Networking Automatic Keying IKE Setup Return to the main IPSec setup page Automatically enable connection when IPSec is started M Set the Cipher Diffie Helman Group and Hash Cipher DES DES Diffie Helman Group 1 oy Os Hash Hash SHA O MDS Please choose the authonsation method ESP Encryption Encapsulating Security Payload Encrypts and authenticates date recommended AH Protocol Authentication Header Provides a packet authentication service only No encryption is provided The Pre Shared Secret should be at least 24 characters long The pre shared secret is a highly sensitive piece of information It is essential to keep this information secret Communications over the IPSec tunnel may be compromised if this information is divulged my pre shared secret should be atleast 24 cl Key Lifetime hr fi Enable Perfect Forward Secrecy of keys M Negotiate Connection Attempts Never give up recommended E Restart IPSec with new configuration IV Submit yu O Figure 7 14 Automatic keying setup Virtual Private Networking A ti 84 Click Submit to add the new IPSec tunnel after selecting the appropriate Automatic Startup Authorization Authentication and Key Configuration Warning The pre shared se
71. s 4 Figure 6 1 Incoming access configuration By default the SnapGear appliance runs a web administration server and a telnet daemon Access to these services can be restricted to specific interfaces For example you may want to restrict access to the SnapGear appliance s configuration web pages Web Admin to machines on your local network SnapGear does not recommend disallowing all services as this will make future configuration changes impossible unless your SnapGear appliance is reset to the factory default settings You can also select the ICMP messages accepted on the Internet interface Destination unreachable ICMP messages are always accepted For example if you disallow echo requests your SnapGear appliance will not respond to pings on its Internet interface The SnapGear appliance s Web Admin pages are usually accessed on the default HTTP default port i e port 80 Change the port number if you are allowing Internet access to the web administration page as this will hide your web administration pages from a casual web server that finds your SnapGear appliance on the Internet After changing the web server port number you must include the new port number in the URL to access the pages For example if you change the web administration to port number 88 the URL to access the web administration will be similar to http 192 168 22 1 88 55 Firewall External access to services The following figure shows how to configure
72. s connected correctly to another device e g a cable modem The lower light represents the Activity as per the front panel snapGear LITE WER ERASE LAN evoco sa Yah SERIAL 104 OOMbt POWER 4 3 2 1 SERIAL ewbcioa AN ERASE LAN 10 00Mmbt E EA EE ll SnapGear POWER LAN COM 1 COM 2 SOHO IMNTERMET RESET 10BaseT Serial Ports Y POWER LAM CoM Oh 2 INTERNET RESET 4 a SDE 1 54 10baseT Serial Ports Figure 1 2 SnapGear appliance back panels The following figure shows how your SnapGear appliance interconnects If you are using the SnapGear LITE a secondary hub switch is not required as this unit has a 4 port Ethernet switch Figure 1 3 Network interconnections Introduction SnapGear appliance features e Software features Introduction Network Address Translation NAT firewall that isolates the LAN from the Internet and offers network access control and filtering DHCP server and client that ensure simple and flexible IP network configuration PPTP VPN server that provides communications to remote users running standard Windows VPN client software PAP CHAP MSCHAPv2 RADIUS and TACACS tunnel authentication RFC1334 RFC1994 Transparent tunnel support for PPTP IPSec pass through Dial in remote access with PAP CHAP MSCHAPv2 RADIUS and TACACS authentication Dial on demand for outgoing Internet connections Wizard setup and browser based management and configuration Flas
73. screen Select the modem to use from the Select a device pull down menu Click Next and enter the phone number of the modem connected to the SnapGear appliance Click Finish 41 Dial in server configuration An icon is displayed in Dial Up Networking with your Connection Name Click the icon once and then click File and Properties and click the Server Types tab as shown in the following figure Connection Name 21x General Server Types Scripting Multilink Type of Dial Up Server PPP Internet Windows NT Server Windows 98 y Advanced options MV Log on to network MV Enable software compression T Require encrypted password T Require data encryption T Record a log file for this connection Allowed network protocols M NetBEUI i TCPAP TCP IP Settings Figure 4 6 Server types Check the Log on to network and Enable software compression checkboxes If your SnapGear appliance dial in server requires MSCHAP 2 authentication you also need to check the Require encrypted password checkbox Leave all other Advanced Options unchecked Select the TCP IP network protocols from the Allowed network protocols list Warning Do not select NetBEUI or IPX If an unsupported protocol is selected an error message is returned Click TCP IP Settings and confirm that the Server Assigned IP Address Server Assigned Name Server Address Use IP Header Compression and Use Default Gateway on Remote
74. search and block on content The Allow List also enables access to URLs containing the specified text Filtering levels and reporting The SnapGear Content Filtering screen allows you to select filtering levels based on green yellow and red color codes You can select from some commonly blocked content and set the filtering levels according to your requirements Reporting contains the following filtering levels Green Allowed Access to content is allowed lf reporting is active report the access Yellow Violation Access to content is allowed If reporting is active log the access as a violation of the site policy Red Blocked Access to content is blocked Show the error page to the user If reporting is active log the access as a violation An activity report is available by ticking the Enable Reports box Warning The correct time date must be set on your SnapGear appliance for Reporting to work The most effective way to do this is by using a time server The filtering and reporting can only be activated after visiting the Registration page 64 Firewall 7 Virtual Private Networking Virtual Private Networking VPN enables two or more locations to communicate securely and effectively usually across a public network e g the Internet and has the following key traits e Privacy no one else can see what you are communicating e Authentication you know who you are communicating with and e Integrity no one
75. sed RESET button The simplest method to clear the SnapGear appliance s stored configuration information is by pushing the reset button on the back of the SnapGear appliance box The reset button is the small hole between the serial ports and Ethernet ports A bent paper clip is the simplest method Pushing the reset button clears all stored configuration information reverts all settings to the factory defaults and reboots the SnapGear appliance 89 System 9 Technical support The System menu contains an option detailing support information for your SnapGear appliance This page provides basic troubleshooting tips contact details for SnapGear Support and links to the SnapGear Knowledge Base as shown in the following figure 3 Web Page Configuration Microsoft Internet Explorer f loj x Fie Edt view Favorites Tools Help Back gt G 2 A Reach GaFavorites HHstory G5 Sh 3 3 Links SN AE Technical Support Here are some easy options for gaining technical support 1 Make sure thet you have the latest firmware New firmware is made available regularly be sure to read the Release Notes for important information about the features of the Connect to Intemet new firmware and any upgrade issues Dia In Setup 2 Please try the Knowledge Base Many common problems can be solved here j 3 Have you tned searching the site The search will look in the Knowledge Base and iP Configuration o
76. sed upon IEEE standards Extranet A private network that uses the public Internet to securely share business information and operations with suppliers vendors partners customers or other businesses Extranets add external parties to a company s intranet U Z Failover A method for detecting that the main Internet connection usually a broadband connection has failed and the SnapGear apliance cannot communicate with the Internet If this occurs the SnapGear appliance automatically moves to a lower speed secondary Internet connection Fall forward A method for shutting down the failover connection when the main Internet connection can be re established Firewall A network gateway device that protects a private network from users on other networks A firewally is usually is installed to allow users on an intranet access to the public Internet without allowing public Internet users access to the intranet Gateway A machine that provides a route or pathway to the outside world L oz A network device that allows more than one computer to be connected as a LAN usually using UTP cabling Intruder Detection and Blocking A feature of your SnapGear VPN Router that detects connection attempts from intruders and can also optionally block all further connection attempts from the intruder s machine Internet A worldwide system of computer networks a public cooperative and self sustaining network of networks acce
77. ss secure If you select None no username password authentication is done on dial in RADIUS and TACACS use a remote authentication server on the local network When selected you must enter the IP address of a server setup to use this scheme Idle Timeout If a dial in connection remains inactive it can be automatically disconnected after a specified time period Selecting Enable idle timeout will disconnect idle connections after 5 minutes Idle time can be set between 0 99 minutes After enabling and configuring the selected SnapGear appliance COM ports to support dial in click Continue and to create and configure the dial in user accounts 37 Dial in server configuration Dial in user accounts User accounts must be set up before remote users can dial into the SnapGear appliance The following figure shows the Dial in user account creation Dial In Setup Return to the main Dial In Setup page Request Succeeded Connect to Intemet Dial In for the SnapGearSOHO has been enabled for the ports you selected You Dial In Setup may need to set up an account for logging in see below In addition to adding any IP Configuration dial in accounts you may want to modify your serial port DHCP o ereer Account List Advanced Networking There are currently no Dial In accounts defined on the SnapGearSOHO Before remote users can dial into the SnapGearSOHO an account will need to be added Incoming Access below e Outg
78. ssible to hundreds of 2 Introduction Term millions of people worldwide The Internet is technically distinguished because it uses the TCP IP set of protocols Intranet A private TCP IP network within an enterprise Internet Protocol Security IPSec provides interoperable high quality IPSec cryptographically based security at the IP layer and offers protection for network communications LAN Local Area Network LED Light Emitting Diode MAC address Ethernet address set by the manufacturer Masquerade The process when a gateway on a local network modifies outgoing packets by replacing the source address of the packets with its own IP address All IP traffic originating from the local network appears to come from the gateway itself and not the machines on the local network NAT Network Address Translation The translation of an IP address used on one network to an IP address on another network Net mask The way that computers know which part of a TCP IP address refers to the network and which part refers to the host range NTP Network Time Protocol NTP used to synchronize clock times in a network of computers PAT Port Address Translation The translation of a port number used on one network to a port number on another network Point to Point Protocol A networking protocol for establishing simple links between two peers Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet A protocol for connecting users on an Ethernet to the I
79. stations to dial into modems connected to the serial ports on the SnapGear appliance Remote site dial in connections can be LAN to LAN connections where a router at a remote site establishes a dial in link using a modem connected to the SnapGear appliance The SnapGear appliance dial in facility establishes a PPP connection to the remote user or site Dial in requests are authenticated by usernames and passwords verified by the SnapGear appliance Once authenticated remote users and sites are connected and have the same access to the LAN resources as a local user Note The SnapGear appliance Models SOHO and PRO can support up to two dial in connections The SnapGear appliance Models LITE and LITE cannot support dial in connections 34 Dial in server configuration To configure the SnapGear appliance for a dial in connection 1 Attach external modems to the relevant SnapGear appliance serial ports Refer to Chapter 7 Serial Ports and Modem Devices for modem configuration details 2 Enable and configure the selected SnapGear appliance COM port for dial in as detailed in Dial in Setup 3 Setup and configure user dial in accounts for each person or site requiring dial in access You can also apply filtering to dial in connections as detailed in Chapter 6 Firewall 35 Dial in server configuration Dial in setup The following figure shows the dial in setup Dial In Setup Dial In allows remote users to dial
80. sts on your internal LAN Outgoing Access restrictions are applied by denying a group of services e g web and email from specific hosts or networks or globally across all hosts Your SnapGear appliance s Outgoing Access Restrictions are configured using security group classes Click the security group classes link on the Outgoing Access Configuration page to set the restrictions for each security group class Each security group class can be configured to restrict certain TCP IP application protocols or to block specified TCP and UDP ports as shown in the following figure 44 Web Page Configuration Microsoft Internet Explorer lol x File Edt View Favortes Tools Help Links gt Ea Security Group Classes Retur to the main Outgoing Access setup page Classes For greater flexibility three classes have been provided which can be applied to any host or network Changes to a class setting will then apply to all the hosts which have that class as its restrictions Class A DHCP Server Advanced Networking FIREWAL Incoming Access Outgoing Access Rules Intrusion Detection Content Filtering PPTP VPN Client PPTP VPN Server Pse Below is the secunty group settings for Class A Check the services you wish to deny for this class Figure 6 4 Security group classes configuration You can specify the restrictions for each security group class to impose and apply the restrictions globally to al
81. t Create New VPN Connection e Tubruet Deieciion Netmask for Remote network Conen Filters Ifunimown leave blank ec Start Now o eed Password Confirm m PPTP VPN Client PPTP VPN Server PSec SYSTEM Time Server Make VPN the Default Route single VPN only 7 Apply Global VPN Settings Figure 7 2 PPTP client configuration The SnapGear appliance supports multiple VPN client connections Additional connections can be added by following these steps To set a VPN connection as the default route for all network traffic check the Make VPN the Default Route checkbox and click Apply This option is only available when the SnapGear appliance is configured with a single VPN connection only After adding a new VPN two new tables are displayed in the PPTP VPN Client menu VPN Connection Status provides information about the State of the VPN i e enabled or disabled and the Status of the connection i e up or down The VPN Configuration table provides the ability to enable disable the VPN edit the VPN configuration delete the VPN entry and edit the advanced routing information 67 Virtual Private Networking PPTP server setup The SnapGear appliance includes a PPTP Server a virtual private network server that supports up to forty simultaneous VPN tunnels depending on your SnapGear appliance model The SnapGear PPTP Server allows remote Windows clients to securely connect to the local netwo
82. t is denied Because network scans often occur before an attempt to compromise a host you can also deny all access from hosts that have attempted to scan monitored ports To enable this facility select one or both of the block options and these hosts are automatically blocked once detected 60 Firewall The list of monitored network ports can be freely edited Several shortcut buttons also provide pre selected lists of services to monitor The basic button installs a bare bones selection of ports to monitor while still providing sufficient coverage to detect many intruder scans The standard option extends this coverage by introducing additional monitored ports for early detection of intruder scans The strict button installs a comprehensive selection of ports to monitor and should be sufficient to detect most scans The trigger count specifies the number of times a host is permitted to attempt to connect to a monitored service before being blocked This option only takes effect when one of the previous blocking options is enabled The trigger count value should be between 0 and 2 with O representing an immediate blocking of probing hosts Larger settings mean more attempts are permitted before blocking and although allowing the attacker more latitude these settings will reduce the number of false positives The ignore list contains a list of host IP addresses which the IDB will ignore for detection and blocking purposes This list may be fr
83. t up for the SnapGear appliance dial in account xi Connect Office Connect q User name jen Password iii 1 l Save password Dial o 0 07 32659988 y Dialing from M y Location y Dialing Rules Cancel Properties Help Figure 4 13 Remote access login screen 46 Dial in server configuration 9 Network configuration IP configuration Users can set the IP address configuration for both the LAN and Internet interfaces by selecting IP Configuration from the Networking menu as shown in the following figure 2 IP Configuration LAN amp Internet IP Configuration LAN Interface MAC Address 00 D0 CF 00 CD E4 Connect to Internet LEGE age O IP Address Netmask gt Dial In Se pp 192 168 161 89 255 255 255 0 TP Configuration DHCP Server Internet Interface MAC Address 00 D0 CF 00 CDE5 Advanced Networking DHCP assigned E a e g 203 24 151 1 255 255 255 0 Incoming Access Internet Gateway Poo Da g 203 24 151 2 Domain Name Server Rules e g 192 168 160 2 192 168 161 1 Intrusion Detection Content Filtering SnapGearSOHO DNS Proxy Server The SnapGearSOHO can be configured to run as a Domain Name Server The SnapGearSOHO acts as a DNS proxy and then passes incoming DNS requests O PPTP VPN Cient to the appropnate external DNS server All the computers on the LAN should then PPTP VPN Server use the SnapGearSOHO s IP address as ther DNS server
84. t value of 1 hour 85 Virtual Private Networking Checking the Enable Perfect Forward Secrecy of keys checkbox means that an attacker who acquires the SnapGear appliance s long term key i e the pre shared secret or RSA Signature Key Private Section cannot e Read previous messages which they may have archived or e Read future messages without performing additional successful attacks Perfect forward secrecy of keys provides the maximum security and is the recommended setting IPSec interoperability Please see the Support Knowledge Base http www SnapGear com knowledgebase html on the SnapGear Web Site http www SnapGear com for detailed information on successfully establishing IPSec tunnels between your SnapGear appliance and other vendors equipment 86 Virtual Private Networking 8 System Time server The SnapGear appliance can synchronize its system time with a remote time server using the Network Time Protocol NTP Configuring the NTP time server ensures that the SnapGear appliance s clock in UTC will be accurate soon after the Internet connection is established If NTP is not used the system clock will be set randomly when the SnapGear appliance starts up To set the system time using NTP select the Set Time checkbox on the NTP Server Configuration page and enter the IP address of the time server in the Remote NTP Server field Password Note The SnapGear appliance s password is used to restrict
85. ters see Chapter 6 Firewall to prevent unwanted traffic to from your network The SnapGear appliance can connect to the Internet using an external dialup analog modem an ISDN modem a permanent analog modem a cable modem or DSL link as shown in the following figure DSL ISDN CABLE ANALOG MODEM ETHERNET ROUTER Figure 3 1 Internet connection Physically connect modem device The first step in connecting office network to the Internet is to physically attach your SnapGear appliance to the modem device For analog modems attach the modem serial cable to one of the SnapGear appliance s serial ports i e COM1 COM2 For digital connections e g cable ISDN DSL plug the cable into the nternet port Warning To connect to an ISDN line the SnapGear appliance requires an intermediate device called a Terminal Adapter TA A TA connects into your ISDN line and has either a serial or Ethernet interface that is connected to your SnapGear appliance 26 Connecting to the Internet Select Internet connection The next step is to select the method for connecting your SnapGear appliance to the Internet From the SnapGear appliance Config Pages in the Networking menu select Connect to Internet and select the method to connect to your local ISP You can connect using any a cable ISDN DSL or analog modem connection Selectt he connection type and click Continue Connect to Internet cable modem If you are connecting to the
86. the DHCP server can assign Ranges are accepted for example 192 168 160 250 254 Authentication PPTP provides an authenticated communication tunnel between scheme a client and a gateway by using a user ID and password The authentication scheme is the method the SnapGear appliance uses to challenge users wanting to establish a PPTP connection to the network The remote client must be set up to use the selected authentication scheme e MSCHAPVv2 is the most secure lt uses encrypted passwords SnapGear recommends the use of MSCHAP v2 plus data encryption as this keeps your data private as well as providing secure authentication CHAP is less secure and similarly PAP is even less secure but more common RADIUS and TACACS make use of a remote authentication server on the local network You must enter the IP address of a server setup to use this scheme 70 Virtual Private Networking Configuring user accounts for VPN server After setting up the VPN server select Continue and to show the PPTP VPN Server Accounts screen as shown in the following figure 3 web Page Configuration Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 Oj x Fie Edit View Favortes Tools Help bak gt G 2 A Bsearch Sjravorkes CBristory Sh EY Links gt Retumn to the main VPN PPTP Server Setup page SN GEA PPTP VPN Server Setup Request Succeeded PPTP Server enabled PPTP Accounts Dial In Setup e a i There are currently no P
87. ther ateas of the site e DHCP Server 4 Ifyour question is not answered here then please try contacting your reseller or if e y you bought directly from SnepGear then submit an e mail to su Advanced Networking and attach the SnapGeaSOHOs Technical Support Report 5 Inthe USA you may call 801 282 2498 between 9am and 5pm MST FIREWALL T 6 In Asia Pacific you may call 617 34352888 between 9am and 5pm Australia EST l v Ps Internet Figure 9 1 Technical support The Technical Support Report page is an invaluable resource for the SnapGear Technical Support Staff to analyze problems with your SnapGear appliance The information on this page gives the Support Staff important information about any problems you may be experiencing If you experience a fault with your SnapGear appliance please attach the Technical Support Report to your support request 90 9 Technical support Appendix A LED status patterns The following table shows the different LED illumination combinations that can indicate possible error conditions In each case the LEDs indicated will be on and steady unless otherwise noted and all other LEDs will be off The Power and System LEDs are not part of the LEDs indicating status Where the action indicates that you should contact your dealer please note the LED pattern to assist with faster response and recovery action VPN Memory failure Please contact your dealer COM2 Console device cannot initia
88. ur ISP uses dynamic IP assignment In the Dial Using dialog box select RASSPPTPM VPN1 and click Next Click More and select Edit entry then Modem properties from the menu Select the Server tab Select TCP IP only Warning Do not select NetBEUI or IPX If an unsupported protocol is selected an error message is returned Select the Security tab and select Accept only Microsoft encrypted authentication Click OK Your VPN client is now set up correctly 17 Virtual Private Networking Windows 2000 To set up VPN access first setup a Dial Up Networking account to access the Internet Once you have done this you are ready to begin The first thing you need to do is log in as Administrator on your PC After logging in from the Start menu select Settings and then Network and Dial up Connections as shown in the following figure E Network and Dial up Connections Oj x File Edit View Favorites Tools Advanced Help F de Back A Search 4 Folders history es r XxX A Ee Address ay Network and Dial up Connections Go Mames i Type Status Device Name Owner a Make New Connection Borg Network 3Com EtherLink XL System at Palet Enabled Intel 21041 Based System 3 objectis Figure 7 8 Network and dial up connections To set up your VPN account double click Make New Connection and then click Next to show the Network Connection Type window Select Conne
89. usion detection and blocking The following figure shows the Intrusion Detection and Blocking IDB configuration 4 Web Page Configuration Microsoft Internet Explorer E 5 x File Edit View Favorites Tools Help ee Brack gt G A A Gsearch sjFavortes CBristory GS Sp 3 3 Links gt SN gear Intruder Detection and Blocking Configuration IDB Configuration If you are unsure about the configuration of this facility please read the documentation TCP UDP Connect to Intemet e Dial In Setup I Detect TCP probes l Detect UDP probes IP Configuration Block probing sites Block probing sites warning LP Configuration Ports scanned Ports scanned DHCP Server tepmux Advanced Networking systat netstat pe Incoming Access sunrpe e Outgoing Access nntp imap Rules wucp lutrusion Detection 635 Comeut Filtering socks ingreslock E a fim y PPTP VPN Client Basic Standard Strict Basic Standard Strict PPTP VPN Server Pse Trigger count before blocking lo Hosts to ignore for detection and blocking purposes Support Apply Reset Figure 6 6 Intrusion detection and blocking configuration IDB operates by offering a number of services to the outside world that are monitored for connection attempts Remote machines attempting to connect to these services generate a system log entry providing details of the access attempt and the access attemp
90. you use to connect to your Internet Service Provider ISP If you have already correctly configured this or if you want to defer this configuration Dorit be left high and dry after until later select the skip option your 30 day installation support runs out annual support contracts are inexpensive and give you Cable Modem unlimited supp ort am Modem Protect your investment Did ADSL you know that you can purchase an extended four year Direct Connection warranty which covers you Skip Internet connection already configured against hardware failure and replacement costs Previous Register online today to activate your 30 day support and warranty benefits and to find out more about support and extending your warranty Figure 2 4 ISP connection quick setup Select Cable Modem Modem ADSL or Direct as the method for connecting to your ISP Direct connections are where the SnapGear Internet Port is connected to a LAN with another gateway to the Internet For cable modems you need to enter your Cable Modem Service Provider This is usually Generic Cable Modem Provider If you use a modem to connect to your ISP you must also specify e The serial port connected to your modem The SnapGearSOHO and SnapGearPRO have two serial ports the SnapGearLITE and SnapGearLITE have only one e The name of your ISP e The phone number used to dial your ISP e The username and password for your ISP account

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