The Design and Development of Controller Software for Scan/DF
Contents
1. In modern receiver control applications achieving real time response is of prime importance In this paper a real time application for controlling SCAN receiver will be implemented using POSIX socket APIs on VxWorks RTOS This application must be able to interact with receiver using socket APIs to exchange command and data packets TCP IP based socket APIs will be used to realize the application The functioning of the Scan Receiver under different cases is examined and the result for each function is displayed The paper is tiny part of our present Electronic Warfare system 10 REFERENCES 1 D curtis schleher introduction to electronic warfare December 1 1986 IJCA www ijcaonline org International Journal of Computer Applications 0975 8887 Volume 125 No 9 September 2015 2 Richard poisel Introduction to communication Electronic warfare systems 1st feb 2002 3 Alameda Windriver systems Inc Tornado User s guide CA windriver systems Inc 1999 4 Compact CHAMP AV IV QUAD POWERPCTM SCP 424 user manual 5 Richard stevens UNIX Network programming VOL 1 third edition 6 Keith Gaughan Client Server Programming with TCP IP Sockets March 22 2003 7 Rias muhamed Thesis on Directional of arrival estimation using antenna arrays January 1996 502. 53 size is 22 sizeof buf 4096 msg 51 length 345 rfatten 11 ifatten 22 thval 69 start value of band1 324050000 mode 2 dfreq 38 dplvl 67 dnlvl 48 DOA 40 Wed Jul 29 11 18 03 2015 agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop mtechss ff Figure 7 input command and outputs on Command controller agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop mtech8 agnitha_bj ubuntu cd Desktop agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop cd mtech8 agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop mtech8 gcc o vidyas vidyas c agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop mtech8 vidyas binding ts done accept is done sizeof buf 400 start analysisstzeof buf 4096 rfatten 11 ifatten 22 thval 69 start value of band1 324050000 mode 2 mode of operation of receiver 2 direction pack frequency is 38MHz 38 power Level is 67dbm 67 noise level is 48dbm 48 direction of arrival 40degrees 40 Wed Jul 29 11 18 03 2015 dfreq 38 dplvl 67 dnlvl 48 D0A 40 agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop mtech8 Figure 8 Simulation of system for the given Scan DF command International Journal of Computer Applications 0975 8887 Volume 125 No 9 September 2015 Hlash Burn Statu 2 Burning Flash has completed In order to changes system firmware fles you must 1 Exit this program 2 Reset the CHAMP board For all other files you can exit or continue to use the SUU program without resetting the board Figure 9 the output displayed on VxWorks After burning the image on ChampA V IV The
3. Send connect to server e After the server accepts the request from the client send the start analysis command to the server which is developed by the user e Write the command into buffers e Read the data packets received from the server which are coming from the simulator designed by user e Write the stop analysis command to the server to stop the analysis 6 2 System level Algorithm to communicate between VxWorks client and Simulator server Client Process e Create TCP socket e Send connect to simulator e After the simulator accepts the request from the VxWorks client and send the data in buffers to the simulator e Receive the data packets received from the simulator e Send them to the VxWorks server which will be read by the client Simulator server Process 47 e Create TCP socket e Bind the socket e Listen for the connections from any VxWorks client e Accept the request from the client e After the client sends the data into the buffers receive the data from the buffers and send the data packets VxWorks client e Those packets will be read by the client Command controller e When the client command controller sends the stop analysis command then stop the intercepting of the signals 7 WORKING OF SUBSYSTEM Once the client server model is implemented between the systems the user has to configure the parameters as attenuations rf an
4. system works on principle of interferometry The receiver 5element DF system will find the amplitude and phase difference of signals arrived at the different receivers When all the signals are in inphase then the interception will starts The receiver data is send to International Journal of Computer Applications 0975 8887 Volume 125 No 9 September 2015 VxWorks and then to command control system 6 APPLICATION LEVEL ALGORITHM e Set the configuration parameters of ScanDF subsystem as per IRS e The target system embedded will forward the commands to the simulator Scan DF subsystem e The Scan DF subsystem Simulator will send the intercepted data to the target system e The target system will forward the data to command control operator interface system for the display of received data 6 1 System level Algorithm to communicate between Linux client command controller and VxWorks Server Client command controller Process e Create TCP socket e Send connect to server e After the server accepts the request from the client send the start analysis command to the server which is developed by the user e Write the command into buffers e Read the data packets received from the server which are coming from the simulator designed by user e Write the stop analysis command to the server to stop the analysis Client command controller Process e Create TCP socket e
5. the command controller Operator interface unit is a system through which the operator gives command Host System VxWorks RTOS 3 is the host system The host is a Windows XP PC with Wind River 2 5 installed on it Target System Target is CHAMP AV 4 4 POWERPc Board with e Quad PowerPC 7447A CPUs operating at 1 0 GHz o 64 Kbyte LI and 512 Kbyte 7447A L2 internal caches operating at core processor speed 46 e 256 Mbytes DDR 250 SDRAM with ECC per processor 1 GByte total e 256 Mbytes Flash memory with write protection jumper e 128 Kbytes NVRAM e Six Port Gigabit Ethernet switch o One Gigabit Ethernet port RGMII to each of the four processing nodes o Two off board Gigabit Ethernet ports 1OBase T 1OOBase T 1 OOOBase T e VME64x interface e Support for two 64 bit 100 MHz PCI X mezzanine modules PMC X e Four serial ports one EIA 232 per processor node e Support for switch fabric PMC modules with differential routing to backplane e Air cooled ruggedization Operator Simulator Interface Scan DF Subsystem Linux OS Developme nt Host VxWorks Figure 3 Block Diagram for Scan DF Subsystem Ethernet Switch we Figure 4 Host target Connectivity 5 2 ScanDF Subsystem The scan DF receiver subsystem intercepts the signals and reports the frequency direction of arrival amplitude time of interception and signal bandwidth between the frequency ranges of 20 1000MHz The Scan DF
6. International Journal of Computer Applications 0975 8887 Volume 125 No 9 September 2015 The Design and Development of Controller Software for Scan DF Subsystem P Srividya Student GMRIT Rajam ABSTRACT In modern receiver control applications achieving real time response is most important The paper is a part of software development for CSM controller system In this paper a real time application for controlling SCAN DF receiver simulator will be implemented using POSIX socket APIs on VxWorks RTOS and process the data from the Scan DF receiver subsystem The processed data can be used to develop a database for electronic order of battle This application will be able to interact with receiver using socket APIs to exchange command and data packets TCP IP based socket APIs will be used to realize the application Keywords Client Electronic Warfare EW POWERPc Scan DF receiver Server TCP IP Sockets VxWorks RTOS 1 INTRODUCTION This paper discusses about the development of a real time application for controlling of Scan DF receiver subsystem The operations of the Scan DF receiver subsystem include the interception of the signal and report the frequency direction of arrival amplitude time of interception and signal bandwidth between the frequency ranges of 20 1000MHz this subsystem is connected to Control system through LAN and controlled by server The server is responsible for the acceptance of the commands f
7. P PROTOCOL BASED SOCKET PROGRAMMING A protocol is a common language that the server system and the client systems both understand TCP is fine for transporting data across a network Socket is a method of communication between computers clients and server using standard UNIX file descriptors 5 A Socket is used in client server application frameworks Client Process is the process which usually makes a request for information After getting the response this process may conclude or may do some other processing Server Process is the process which obtains a request from the clients After getting a request from the client this server process will do essential processing congregate the information and will send it to the requestor client 6 Client process involves the following steps 6 e Creation of socket using socket call e Connecting the socket to the address of the server using connect call e write and read the data to the socket and from the socket Server process involves the following steps 6 e Creation of socket using socket call Bind the socket to an address using the bind call e Listen for connections and Accept a connection with International Journal of Computer Applications 0975 8887 Volume 125 No 9 September 2015 the listen and accept system call e read and Write the data from the socket and to the socket 4 ACTUAL SYSTEM The actual system used fo
8. d if of signal threshold level of signal integration factor for the system Attenuation of signal is to a reduce strength during transmission to a particular level for example if rfattenuation is to set then the user has to select the attenuation level in between Odb and 30db so that the signal will be attenuated The threshold level is the point that must be exceeded to begin producing the interception here the threshold level must be in between 120Hz and 40Hz The integration factor is to define the number of times the interception is needed After the configuration of parameters is set the user from client operator interface has to fix the resolution bandwidth so that the simulator will check the frequencies of signals with a difference of resolution bandwidth When the resolution bandwidth is also set then the client will pass the start analysis command to the embedded system which acts as both server and client for the subsystem Here VxWorks is used to prioritize the tasks between monitoring of signal and Scanning the scenario The image that is developed in VxWorks will be dumped on to ChampAV IV board The image for ScanDF subsystem will be sent to one of the processors in quad POWERPc board through which the commands from client operator interface will be sent to ScanDF simulator server The ScanDF system will continuously scan the scenario The ScanDF subsystem will do both the scanning of the signal and finding the directi
9. enemy s electromagnetic emanations in all parts of the electromagnetic band consecutively to provide intelligence on the enemy s order of battle targets and competences and to use countermeasures to contradict efficient use of communications and weapons systems while defending one s own effective use of the same band The field of EW is most commonly subdivided into three categories Electronic Support This Measures ESM Electronic Countermeasures ECM Electronic Counter Countermeasures ECCM Electronic warfare has been used in all major conflict ever since the first phase of this century Early methods were often prehistoric and it was only from World War II onwards that EW expanded an aspect of complexity and development Electronic Warfare EW Electronic Counter Electronic Support Measures Measures Electronic Counter Counter Measures Figure 1 Electronic Warfare 2 1 Electronic Support Measures ESM Electronic Support Measure is a division of EW which engaged to take actions as seek capture trace record and evaluate emitted electromagnetic energy for the purpose of utilizing such radiations to carry military operations Thus ESM is a main source of EW information to accomplish electronic countermeasures and electronic counter countermeasures ESM entails the gathering of information by 45 Electronic Intelligence ELINT Intelligence COMINT and ESM receivers 2 2 Electronic Counter Measures ECM E
10. lectronic Countermeasures are the measures taken to avoid or diminish the enemy s efficient use of the electromagnetic band Two major actions of ECM are jamming and deception Communications Jamming is the purposeful emission reradiation or reflection of electromagnetic energy to weaken the use of electronic devices equipment Deception is the intentional radiation re radiation modification assimilation or reflection of electromagnetic energy in a way planned to deceive the opponent in the explanation or make use of of information received by their electronic systems There are two categories of deception Manipulative The change or imitation of friendly electromagnetic radiations to accomplish deception Imitative Introducing radiation into enemy channels which imitates their own emission 2 3 Electronic Counter Counter Measures ECCM The measures in use to make sure friendly successful use of the electromagnetic band in spite of the enemy s use of EW is ECCM The field of EW is converse in stipulations of active and passive roles Passive EW is to explore and study the electromagnetic emission to determine the existence and the characteristics of the enemy s use of the electromagnetic spectrum Active EW is the radiation or re radiation of electromagnetic energy so as to weaken the enemy s use of electronic tools or to delude the enemy in the interpretation of data received from their electronic schemes 3 TCP I
11. on of arrival of the signals at a same time for a given frequency The embedded system will filter and process the data for the intercepting needs For example it will do band filtering and AOI filtering AOI filtering means it filters the data in an area by intercepting the area in sectors Until the stop analysis command is given by the user it will scan the scenario and process the data packets if analysis by user is without DF Direction Finding mode then only the amplitude packet data that is about the amplitude packet frequency Power level time of interception and noise level of the signal will be sent by the simulator through embedded system If the analysis selected by the user is with DF mode then the simulator will send the data about direction packet data that is about the direction packet frequency power level noise level direction of arrival and the time of interception of the signal International Journal of Computer Applications 0975 8887 Volume 125 No 9 September 2015 8 RESULTS agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop mtech8 agnitha_bj ubuntu cd Desktop agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop cd mtech8 agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop mtech8 gcc o vidyac vidyac c agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop mtech8 vidyac connection is sucess iteration no1 give rfatten value 11 rfatten is 11 give ifatten value 23 ifatten is 23 give a value of threshold start value of band 234050000 mode of operation for scan receiver 1 band
12. r Commanding and controlling in Communication Support Measure CSM Controller subsystem The CSM System functional block diagram is shown in Figure 2 The ScanDF Subsystem SDF the Monitoring receiver and Analysis Subsystem MAS wideband Surveillance Subsystem WS and CSM Controller are on an internal bus realized through LAN Subsystem are controlled and coordinated by the CSM Controller Intelligence received from these subsystems are processed and formatted into data files and sent to further echelons SDF Subsystem CSM MAS Controller Subsystem WS Subsystem Figure 2 Actual System 5 FUNCTIOMAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF Scan D F SUBSYSTEM Through the operator interface command control system the operator will give the command to the system The operator interface and ChampAV IV are connected through LAN and works on Client Server model where the image of VxWorks is dumped onto ChampAV IV board The board is connected to the Simulator and the Client Server model is again implemented Here VxWorks RTOS is used to display the process running on the board VxWorks RTOS and Champ AV IV board are connected through LAN and RS 232 cable The simulated results from the Simulator are displayed on Operator interface through VxWorks 5 1 Operator Interface System The Operator interface system or command control system based on Linux OS is used to give the commands to the Simulator The response to the command will be again displayed on
13. rom the user and displays the result To perform such operations a real time application like VxWorks is essential VxWorks is a hard Real Time Operating System This application is implemented using POSIX Socket APIs that are used to create a Client Server environment This application will interact with user and should be able to send and receive the commands and data packets The data which is received from Scan DF receiver will be forwarded to Monitoring Subsystem for the further classification of the signal as the modulation the monitoring of audio and IF data Four main functional units of this subsystem are command control subsystem VxWorks RTOS Scan DF receiver subsystem and CHAMP AV4 Board The command control unit is a simple system through which the user gives command the receiver subsystem functions are simulated on simple system which is a LINUX operating system and the Command control unit VxWorks RTOS and ScanDF Subsystem units are connected through LAN where the data transfer is done using the socket system calls 2 ELECTRONIC WARFARE EW Electronic Warfare EW is a catalyst towards the B I Neelgar Professor GMRIT Rajam maintenance of regional and global balances which deter the outbreak of armed conflict EW is not firmly electronic it is not conducted using electrons rather it is electromagnetic and uses the entire range of the electromagnetic band The fundamental concept of EW is to utilize the
14. scan amp id is 29 size is 32 sizeof buf 4096 msg 51 length 345 rfatten 11 ifatten 23 thval 45 start value of band1 234050000 mode 1 ampfreq 39 plvl 40 nlvl 29 Wed Jul 29 11 14 24 2015 agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop mtechs ff Figure 5 input command and outputs on Command controller agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop mtech8 agnitha_bj ubuntu cd Desktop agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop cd mtechs agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop mtech8 gcc o vidyas vidyas c agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop mtech8 vidyas binding is done accept is done sizeof buf 400 start analysissizeof buf 4096 rfatten 11 ifatten 23 thval 45 start value of band1 234050000 mode 1 mode of operation of receiver 1 amp pack frequency is 39MHz 39 Wed Jul 29 11 14 24 2015 ampfreq 39 plvl 40 nlvl 29 agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop mtechs Figure 6 Simulation of system for the given Scan command 48 agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop mtech8 agnitha_bj ubuntu cd Desktop agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop cd mtech8 agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop mtech8 gcc o vidyac vidyac c agnitha_bj ubuntu Desktop mtech8 vidyac connection is sucess iteration nol give rfatten value 11 rfatten is 11 give ifatten value 22 ifatten is 22 give a value of threshold 69 thval is 69 the value of resolution bandwidth in Hz start analysis start value of band 324050000 mode of operation for scan receiver 2 band scan direction pack id is
15. screenshots as in Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 and Figure 8 indicate the results of the data that is intercepted by the Scan DF Subsystem The data from Subsystem is send to the embedded controller target for further process and it will be forwarded to operator interface for display and for the use of information at the higher echelons After the client Command controller got the acceptance from the Embedded Server the setting of parameters is displayed on the screenshot When the start analysis command is given by the operator the simulated result from the server Simulator will be displayed on the screen of Command control are shown in Figure 5 After the Client is accepted by the server Simulator when the start analysis command is read by the server the simulation will starts and the data is send to client the process is shown in Figure 6 Figure 5 represents the display on client process here mode value is given as 1 which means only Scan mode Figure 7 represents the display on client process here mode value is given as 2 which means Scan DF mode The Figure 9 points to the outputs displayed on the screen of VxWorks RTOS after the VxWorks image is dumped and burned onto ChampAV IV board The screenshots as in Figure 5 and Figure 7 indicate the results of the data that is intercepted by the ScanDF Subsystem The data from Subsystem is send to the embedded controller target for further process and it will be forwarded to operator in
16. terface for display and for the use of information at the higher echelons After the client Command controller get acceptance from the Embedded Server the setting of parameters is displayed on the screenshot when the start analysis command is given by the operator the simulated result from the server Simulator will be displayed on the screen of Command control are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 7 as per the given mode of operation The Client is accepted by the server Simulator when the start analysis command is read by the server the simulation will starts and the data is send to client the process is shown in Figure 6 and Figure 8 9 CONCLUSION The paper is a part of controller software development for CSM controller system The main functionality of the CSM software is to command and control various receiver subsystems The software acts as server for various subsystems and provides necessary data for display The basic concept of electronic warfare is to exploit intercept reduce or prevent hostile use of electromagnetic spectrum and action which retains friendly use of electromagnetic spectrum The threat warning function is many times coupled with a defensive capability in the form of a self protection jammer in 49 combination with decoys which can divert weapons from the defended target It is to keep track of the enemy even in the peacetime because unfortunately some very important signals may be passed this might lead to war
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