Coupled Routing and Excess Storage (CREST) v2.0 User Manual
Contents
1. Calibs 5 The user interface of CREST v2 1 is remains similar as that of CREST v2 0 Although the data files needed in CREST can be stored anywhere in principle it is recommended to store all the data and control files needed by the given basin in a single project folder In CREST v2 1 the control file is named Project which stores the running options and physical locations of all other data files needed by CREST and is usually put in the root of the project folder Other data files as shown in Figure 3 1 are distributed in several folders of the project according to their categories These folders are specified in the control file including basic rains PETs Param obs calib and results The control file and these folders will be described in the following subsections Setting up a basin is to create and fill these folders and the control file After a basin is setup users can run CREST using the following matlab command gt gt CREST globalCtl opt gdalPath nCore where globalCtl is the full path of the control file opt mean real refers to use the presumed mean height difference or the real one at the outlet The mean height difference is usually used because the clipped geographic data contained in the basic folder usually lacks the information of the next downstream cell of the basin outlet and it can also be a sink at the outlet cell edalPath is the2. NASA University of Oklahoma OU HyDROS Lab http hydro ou edu CREST Coupled Routing and Excess STorage User Manual Version 2 1 Atmospheric Forcing E P C L Canopy Layer J p lt gt OSORES Gs Soil Layer Ey Soil Layer2 ss i Soil Layer3 pa o Ayede uonenyu I I l j 4 5 Rong URS niii Yy i h j 4 t j 5 g By Dr Xinyi Shen and Dr Yang Hong University of Oklahoma National Weather Center Norman OK USA Oct 13 2014 Cover CREST Coupled Routing and Excess Storage User Manual Version 2 1 Table of Contents CREST aaac ran san sean a naas sruaetaveausaunc essa tanveannnacscinasin veusequeccusasinseanenacs seas ta veusaaueceteatiaseee 1 TABLE OE CON UIATIN ES wivsicacccasitsinciennsacersins iwcieaneecsaann in aenseeea sins N I LMODELOVERVIE W nonnina E e e 2 1 1 Ov rvieW of CRES Fenari a ETE E E 2 t2 Whats Newin CREST V2 Linenn E 3 ZINSTALLATION anaa a a E 4 3 FRAMEWORK AND USER INTERFACE OF CREST V2 1 ecceceees 5 3 1 Model Structure and running COMMANGAG cccceseccessececeescecceseeceeeeceseeseeeeees 5 2L C ODTONEIIE onen a E E A E A A 6 3a Folders ana File Saee A OR aa 15 4 RUN STYLES AND MODES seseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseseoeseseseseseo 20 4 1 Outputs in the Simulation Style sosesseseesssensseerssrerssresssrrsssrreseersseessseeeseeresee 21 42 Outputs inthe CalNbraton Styl Enearena T E
3. flood events an while StartDate WarmupDate and EndDate are ineffective The ending date time of warming up of the simulation Its format is defined by TimeFormat The end time ofthe simulation its format is defined by ee integer The beginning date time to load state variables to run CREST hice buea ate baa WarmupDate date nii 1 in the flood event mode EndDate_i integer The End date time to load state variables to run CREST in the flood event mode where 0 lt i lt NLoad Its format is defined by TimeFormat 3 2 2 Style and Options Users set the running style and model options in this section in the control file CEEE EEEE EETSAAL EEE EEE EEEE ALLAAH LLL GALL ALA otyle and Options LEELEE EEEE EAEE EEEE RAHA AHH ARERR RAHA EEEE EEEE EEEE EEEE EEEE EEE EEEE RRR kunstyle simu simu cali Se Us Feedback No routing feeds the LSM back hasRiverInterflow No No all interflow turns to surface flow in the river UseLAl No compute the rainfall interception HHP rE EE EEE E EErEE rE EE EErEE EEE EE E EE ETE AEA eee ee Figure 3 4 A sample of the Style and Options Section in the control file Table 3 2 Style And Options Section in the control file RunStyle simulca simu stands for the simulation mode lib_SC while calib SCEUA stands for the EUA automatic calibration mode using the SCE UA method Feekback YesINo Yes Yes m
4. 0 SaveDateFormat yyy ymmddHHMM DateOffset ooooooooooSso QutputDate_1 2002 LO0800 OutputDate_2 2002120500 QutiputDate 3 2003012400 OutputDate_4 2003031700 QutputDate_ 2003040700 QutputDate_6 20038050600 QutputDate_ 2003060600 OutputDate_s 2003080300 QutputDate_9 2003091700 QutputDate_10 2003 120600 OQutputDate_ll 2004081400 QuiputDate_12 2004083000 QutputDate_13 2006061200 OutputDate_1l4 2006082900 QutputDate_15 2006110500 QutputDate_16 2009022800 OutputDate_l7 2009031500 QutputDate 18 2009102700 QutputDate_19 2009120200 utputDate_z0 2010011700 QuiputDate_21 2010032700 QutputDate_22 2010091900 OutputDate_23 2011082300 QutputDate_ 4 20135060800 Figure 3 8 Sample Output Dates in the control file NumOfOutputDates The number of saving states 14 SaveDateFormat yyyymmddHHMM The date time format AFTER offset OutputDate_1i 2002 100800 A string that contains the saving date time BEFORE offset 3 3 Folders and Files CREST v2 1 can read more than 200 the raster file formats supported by GDAL Users only need to prepare the basic files and other text files The decompression reprojection resample and clipping of the forcing file according to the configuration of the basic file 1s automatically conduct by CREST Therefore Users can save their space and time in preparing forcing files for each basin 3 3 1 Basic Folder This folder contains the raster f
5. FDLRR The primary water fluxes such as infiltration and routing are physically affected by the geographic variables land surface characteristics 1 e vegetation soil type and etc The runoff generation and routing components are coupled therefore CREST includes more realistic interactions between lower atmospheric boundary layers terrestrial surface and subsurface water than other distributed hydrological models The above features make CREST applicable at global regional and catchment scales This user manual and the accompanying example basin provide a single basin helps user to install test and learn how to use the model The CREST model 1s forced by gridded potential evapotranspiration PET and precipitation datasets that are measured estimated or forecasted Users can freely switch between the simulation and calibration running styles and between the continuous and flood events running modes by simply modifying the control file Atmospheric Forcing eP Canopy Layer d Ba Soil Layerl E s Soil Layer2 Rie O In 1 7 i in j 2 J 3 R t IS eres Figure 1 1 Core Components of the CREST model a Vertical profile of a cell including rainfall runoff generation evapotranspiration sub grid cell routing and feedbacks from routing b variable infiltration curve of a cell c plane view of cells and flow directions and d vertical profile along several cells
6. SCE UA is parallelized using the shared memory multiprocessing OpenMP approach CREST v2 1 directly uses the screen output of SCE UA codes in matlab written by Duan et al 1992 The objective function value is the NSCE of each simulation CREST v2 1 also outputs the calibration process to a log file in the Results folder named as log txt The result is to the screen and to a file named calibration output both SCE UAyyyymmdd_ hh txt in the same folder 4 3 Flood Event FE Mode The only difference between the FE and regular mode is that the FE mode only outputs everything within the period of the flood events specified in the control file The FE mode can be used in both simulation and calibration style and saves a lot of computational time since it skips the non flood event periods Please refer to Section 3 2 1 about the FE mode 5 Setting up CREST in other basins Users can run CREST in their own basins after installation The CREST model automatically runs over the region defined by geographic images in the basic folder All files in this folder must be prepared before running the models Forcing files are also necessary but CREST deals with most of the preprocessing Please follow the steps below to setup a basin of a user s own 1 Create a project folder that contains all folders described in Chapter 3 3 22 The name of the project folder is arbitrary 2 Create a control file by either a Copying t
7. 85 GOVar PET no 86 GOVar EPot no 87 GOVar EAct no 88 GOVar W no 89 GOVar SH no 0 GOVar R no 1 GOVar Excs no 2 GOVar Excl no 33 GOVar KS no 94 GOVar RI no o5 FFFEEEEEEES EEE ES ESSE ESET ESET Figure 3 7 Sample Grid Outputs in the control file GOVar_Rain The input precipitation in mm timestep GOVar_PET The input PET in mm timestep GOVar_ EPOT GoVar_PET KE calibrated PET used in the model 13 GOVar_EAct The actual evapotranspiration in mm timestep GOVar_W The depth of water filling the pore space bucket WM GOVar_SM volumetric soil moisture that equals GO Var_W WM GOVar_R The simulated discharge of EACH grid cell IN THE RIVER in m s G The depth of interflow flow in mm 3 2 6 State to Save CREST v2 1 is able to run at a flood event FE mode in which the initial state of each event must be reloaded These states were saved during a previous simulation The previous run can be at a different time step while save the states as at an offset time in its file name to adjust to the time line in the FE mode For instance in Figure 3 8 the first save date time is at 0 00 am Oct 8 2002 To adjust to a FE mode at hourly scale that centered at XX 30 a minimum 30 min offset is added to make the first saving date time 00 30 am Oct 8 2002 AAAA EE ALE E AATE E AAA E EA EE E A A E E ATA E E AATE E EAE E E A A E E AE E E E ATE E AA EE RHEE E E A E E E ECTE E EErEE HumOfOutputDates zd
8. PREHHHHAHPHHPHTHRE RRA ee eee ee ee Figure 3 2 A sample of temporal settings section in the control file regular mode TimePormat v y vid GHA 1 Timestep startDate 2002010100380 NLoad 5 WarmupDate_1 200301240030 End ate_i1 ZU0S035 170030 Warmuplate_ 2 0080S 17 0080 calibl BndUate 2 200304070030 WarmupDate_ 3 20030400030 End ate_s 00304240030 WarmupDate_ 4 AU0SO05060080 FndDate_ 4 AU0SOB0B0030 WarmupDate 5 200408140030 ealib BPndDate_4 200408300030 WarmuplDate_6 OUBOUB1Z0050 feoalibs BPndDate_6 AU0BOBZ50030 Warmuplate_7 200611050030 ealibd BndvDate_7 200612220050 WarmupDate_ 010082 70080 EndDate_ l 01004100030 WarmupDate 200206310030 EndO ate 201306240030 Figure 3 3 Sample temporal settings in the control file flood event mode Table 3 1 Temporal Settings in the control file Keyword Value Description type dihlu The unit of time step d day h hour u minute TimeStep integer Time interval step in TimeMark The time format convention used by all temporal variables in this section e g yyyymmddHH The start time of the simulation or calibration Its format is defined by TimeFormat hall The number of flood events In regular mode Nload 0 and StartDate WarmupDate and EndDate controls the running period In flood event mode CREST only simulate calibrate the period during NLoad
9. T e a 22 A Food Event FE MOGE miearsn sacat dochonadendatenntuaedendaviecetdemorusuene benatess 22 5 SETTING UP CREST IN OTHER BASINS cceccecsecsceccsceccsceccscecceens 22 OCONTACTr US aea r T T 23 7 SELECTED CREST MODEL RELATED REFERENCES cc ceceeees 24 7 Model Referenti S mianem E E AN E E ereiaaae es 24 7 2 Additional References scscscscscocscesescscscscscscscscscscscecscscsescscscsccecesesesesesess 24 1 Model Overview 1 1 Overview of CREST The Coupled Routing and Excess STorage CREST distributed hydrological model is a hybrid modeling strategy developed by the University of Oklahoma http hydro ou edu and NASA SERVIR Project Team www servir net The CREST model was initially developed to provide real time regional and global hydrological prediction by running at fine spatiotemporal resolution with maintaining economical computational cost http eos ou edu CREST simulates the spatiotemporal variation of water and energy fluxes and storages on distributed grid cells of arbitrary user defined resolution which enables multi scale applications Figure 1 1 The scalability of CREST simulations is accomplished through the sub grid scale representation of soil moisture storage capacity using a variable infiltration curve multi scale runoff generation processes using multi linear reservoirs and a fully distributed routing scheme using the fully distributed linear reservoir routing
10. The type can only be uniform or distributed If the type of a parameter is distributed it s the value should be a file name in the Param folder of a raster file that exactly matches size and basin area defined by the files in the basic folder The limits and the default value of uniform parameters are also listed in Table 3 7 16 Max 1 2 3000 200 1 5 0 2 1 5 150 3 3 3 State Folder This folder contains the saved model state files named by the date time specified in Section 3 2 6 The state files are in matlab mat format The State folder is an output folder for regular running mode whereas an input folder for the FE mode In the FE mode CREST loads the state variables saved by a previous simulation in the regular mode However the date time to load is specified in the temporal Settings section in the control file rather than the State to Save section 3 3 4 ICS Folder This folder has an initilalCondition txt file that contains uniform variables listed in Table 3 8 as the model initial condition The initial condition file is written in the same format as the parameter file To let CREST be well distributed a sufficient warm up period is necessary This folder is ineffective in the FE mode Table 3 8 Classification in CREST v2 1 Keywords Unit Description WO Initial Value of Soil Moisture SSO mm Initial value of Overland Reservoir SIO mm Initial value of Interflow reservoir Default valu
11. file In addition the shape file MUST contain a projection 12 HEPPHHPRH ERA ARRAA APPR RRP EPAPER RPP ARPA RA Outlet Infermation HEHAAE HHH EEA EEE NEEE rE HEE EErEE EErEE E EErEE EErEE EEr EEE NEEE NEEE rE EErEE EErEE HAT HasOut let yes Out letName 02085500 02083500 the filename of observation QutletShpFile 02083500 shp the shapefile name Figure 3 6 A sample of the outlet information in the control file Table 3 5 Outlet Information section in the control file HasOutlet YesINo Yes the basin has an outlet In this version it is always yes OutletName 02083500 The name used to specify the observation file and the first field of the site a point feature in the shape file OutletShpFile 02083500 shp File name of the shape file that contains the outlet location as a point feature The first field of the point feature must be the OutletName The default directory of the shape file is the obs folder 3 2 5 Grid Outputs Grid Outputs is used to select the 2 D gridded variables to output at EVERY time step The selected of Yes value variables will be output to the result folder and the file name will be suffixed by the date time in model s temporal format The default format of the 2 D gridded files is GeoTiff tif Grid outputs is time consuming and not recommended during the calibration B1 FFFFEFFSFESF TT ESE SEES S TES FETE A Grid Outputs B3 FFFFEFFSFESFST ESE SEES SST ESF ETE 84 GOVar Rain no
12. including sub grid cell routing downstream routing and subsurface runoff redistribution from a cell to its downstream cells 1 2 What s new in CREST v2 1 The major upgrade is on the routing scheme The cell to cell routing scheme used in previous versions of CREST is a quasi distributed linear reservoir routing QDLRR method which we found problematic to apply to a distributed hydrological model in practice In CREST v2 1 a fully distributed LRR method FDLRR is proposed and used to replace the QDLRR module of CREST The conception of the QDLRR and the FDLRR is shown in Figure 1 2 Suppose that in one time step water moves from A to D B to E and C to F and take C as the observation cell In previous versions as shown in Figure 1 2 a only the water from C to F contributes to the final runoff discharge of C while water from A to D and B to F is denied of contribution as if the water jumps over cell C On the contrary in CREST v2 1 all these three terms contributes to the runoff of cell C because they either sets off from or passed via cell C a b Figure 1 2 Routing Conception of v2 0 and v2 1 a Linear reservoir routing LRR method used in V2 0 and b Fully distributed linear reservoir DLRR used in v2 1 Minor upgrade includes 1 the full vectorization of the computation which boosts the efficiency by nearly one order no routines loop cell by cell in the new version 2 acceptance of more advanced geographic dat
13. the DEM map A second value is the height of the adjacent downstream cell of the outlet The second value is optional Mask GridArea and AreaFact files are obsolete since CREST v2 1 3 3 2 Param Folder This folder contains a parameter txt file that records all 15 model parameters that are categorized as physical and conceptual types see Table 3 7 The model parameters in CREST v2 1 0 remains the same as in CREST v2 0 The parameter txt file also Table 3 7 Classification in CREST v2 1 Type Parameter Description Min Default RainFact The multiplier on the precipitation field 0 5 1 0 Ksat The Soil saturate hydraulic conductivity 0 500 l WM The Mean Water Capacity 80 120 Physical i ee B The exponent of the variable infiltration 0 05 0 25 curve Parameters l i l IM The impervious area ratio 0 0 05 KE The factor to convert the PET to local actual 0 1 0 95 coeM The overland runoff velocity coefficient l 90 expM The overland flow speed exponent 0 1 0 5 The multiplier used to convert overland flow l 2 coeR Conceptual The speed to channel flow speed The multiplier used to convert overland flow 0 001 0 3 coeS Parameters The speed to interflow flow speed KS The overland reservoir Discharge Parameter 0 0 6 KI The interflow Reservoir Discharge Parameter 0 0 25 follows the keyword value format defined in Note 2 Furthermore each variable is not only defined by its value but also defined by its type 1 e the varNameType keyword
14. 2589 20 13745 0 199923 0 O 0 66126 0 183779 2 421881 9999 5 2002 01 01 03 0 0 0 012947 0 002588 20 13486 0 199897 0 O 0 67526 0 177898 3 048109 9999 6 2002 01 01 04 0 0 0 012947 0 002588 20 13228 0 199872 0 O 0 68851 0 172281 3 668472 9999 7 2002 01 01 05 0 0 0 012947 0 002588 20 12969 0 199846 0 O 0 70105 0 166914 4 281276 9999 8 2002 01 01 06 0 0 0 012947 0 002587 20 1271 0 19982 0 0 0 712918 0 161783 4 891398 9999 9 2002 01 01 07 0 0 0 012947 0 002587 20 12451 0 199794 0 0 0 724147 0 156874 5 505929 9999 10 2002 01 01 08 0 0 0 012947 0 002587 20 12193 0 199769 0 0 0 734769 0 152173 6 131489 9999 11 2002 01 01 09 0 0 0 012947 0 002586 20 11934 0 199743 0 0 0 744812 0 147669 6 772747 9999 12 2002 01 01 10 0 0 0 012947 0 002586 20 11676 0 199717 0 0 0 754301 0 143351 7 431767 9999 13 2002 01 01 11 0 0 0 012947 0 002586 20 11417 0 199692 0 O 0 763261 0 139207 8 107939 9999 14 2002 01 01 12 0 0 0 012947 0 002585 20 11159 0 199666 0 O 0 771712 0 135228 8 798282 9999 15 2002 01 01 13 0 0 0 012947 0 002585 20 109 0 19964 0 0 0 779675 0 131405 9 49797 9999 16 2002 01 01 14 0 0 0 012947 0 002585 20 10642 0 199615 0 0 0 787171 0 127728 10 20096 9999 17 2002 01 01 15 0 0 0 012947 0 002584 20 10383 0 199589 0 0 0 794218 0 12419 10 90064 9999 Figure 4 2 snapshot of the hydrograph file 4 2 Outputs in the Calibration Style Since CREST v2 0 SCE UA Duan et al 1992 is selected as the kernel algorithm in calibration process In CREST v2 1
15. T v2 1 there are the simulation and calibration running styles regular and flood event modes 20 4 1 Outputs in the Simulation Style gt gt CREST globalCtl mean gdalPath 4 2003 01 24 01 30 2003 01 24 02 30 2003 01 24 05 30 2003 01 24 04 30 2003 01 24 05 30 2003 01 24 06 30 2003 01 24 07 30 2003 01 24 08 30 2003 01 24 09 30 2003 01 24 10 30 2003 01 24 11 30 2003 01 24 12 30 2003 01 24 13 30 2003 01 24 14 30 2003 01 24 15 30 2003 01 24 16 30 2010 04 09 08 30 2010 04 09 09 30 2010 04 09 2010 04 09 11 30 2010 04 09 12 30 2010 04 09 13 30 2010 04 09 14 30 2010 04 09 15 30 2010 04 09 16 30 2010 04 09 17 30 2010 04 09 18 30 2010 04 09 19 30 2010 04 09 20 30 2010 04 09 21 30 2010 04 09 22 30 2010 04 09 23 30 2010 04 10 00 30 es o Lg o NSCE 0 77693 Bias 0 56553 CC 0 90774 Figure 4 1 Screen output in simulation style The hydrographs and other selected model output variables are stored the results folder The hydrograph is a excel file named by its corresponding outlet as shown in Figure 4 2 If some gridded outputs are enabled image files named by the date time are also generated in the result folder 21 1 Date rainAct rain PET Eact W SM excS excl RS RI R R_Obs 2 2002 01 01 00 0 0 0 012947 0 002589 20 14263 0 199974 0 0 0 630848 0 196405 1 233428 9999 3 2002 01 01 01 0 0 0 012947 0 002589 20 14004 0 199949 0 0 0 646469 0 189943 1 804652 9999 4 2002 01 01 02 0 0 0 012947 0 00
16. a formats 3 automatic decompression reprojection resampling and clipping of the forcing data to accommodate data in different formats coordinate system and resolution 4 adding a flood event mode and 5 switching on and off a the feedback mechanism b the existence of interflow in channels 2 Installation CREST v2 1 is written in Matlab that is OS operating systems independent However it integrates the GDAL libraries to implements I O input output functionality which is OS dependent On Windows x64 OS The installation of CREST includes only a few steps on Windows OS 1 Download the CREST and Dependency files from our website http hydro ou edu research crest demo 2 Decompress the two zipped files and put all subfolders and files in the same folder Consequently you should have 6 components in your arbitrary program folder Install m d optimization d GDALOperations d gdal_1110_dll d DLL J CREST2 1_app Figure 2 1 All components included in CREST v2 1 3 Start your Matlab Enviroment and navigate to your program folder run the install m by typing the following command in the matlab command window gt gt install On Linux The linux compatible version is coming soon 3 Framework and User Interface of CREST v2 1 3 1 Model Structure and running commands RealTime Rains A RS Runoff mE ETs HA crs Figure 3 1 Project structure of CREST v2 1 Model
17. calibration process provided he needs to simulate the basin using his calibrated model parameters 6 Contact us The official version of the OU NASA CREST model has been developing and 23 maintaining in the Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing Laboratory University of Oklahoma http hydro ou edu and Atmospheric Radar Research Center ARRC located in the National Weather Center http nwc ou edu For the information about the current release of the CREST model the source code of beta versions and technical support please send e mail to Prof Yang Hong yanghong ou edu and Dr Xinyi Shen shen xinyi ou edu 7 Selected CREST model Related References 7 1 Model References Xinyi Shen Yang Hong Ke Zhang and Zengchao Hao 2014 Refine a Distributed Linear Reservoir Routing Method to Improve Performance of the CREST Model submitted Wang J Y Hong L Li J J Gourley K Yilmaz S I Khan F S Policelli R F Adler S Habib D Irwn S A Limaye T Korme and L Okello 2011 The Coupled Routing and Excess STorage CREST distributed hydrological model Hydrol Sciences Journal 56 84 98 7 2 Additional References Xue X Hong Y Limaye AS Gourley JJ Huffman GJ Khan SI et al 2013 Statistical and hydrological evaluation of TRMM based Multi satellite Precipitation Analysis over the Wangchu Basin of Bhutan Are the latest satellite precipitation products 3B42V7 ready for use in ungauged basins Jo
18. dd 3 FETDateConv Bagin 6 PETStert 020101 7 PETDateInterval o00001 E FET FathExt ATRA JANYS data mete_data PET_FEWS het so FETTsScaling 100 FEYS data has a 100 sealing factor httpi roarlywarning or usgs gors Eews global wab 5 internal PET setting 1 PETPathInt WATRAJANYS si mal ati on WS_Basins Tar PETs_daily PET HEHEHE HEHE LAT as not utilized in v2 1 0 yet This part can be ignored in this version 53 LALFormat Mosaic tif 4 LAI DateFormat wy OY LALStart 2006001 LAI DateInterval o000 O08 LATPathExt C7 data LAT Mosaici LS Lo in Bal LAITsScaling 10 LAT data has a 10 sealing factor and 255 is water body http glass product bru edu LATDateCome Center d file vendangriliao suanfayendang 201 403 1 3 GLASSN20LATMESSBASATNESWOINE ME THO 6 LATFathInt T data LAl Mosaici H1 LATPathInt WATEAJANYS simalation WS_Basins Tar LAL dailyi j2 EEEE T AENEON ETETEN EEN TEAT 3 ResultPath WATRATARYS simalati on US Basins Tar ywesult fs HEAAHLURNENSHSNSHSHSHSHSHANANSHHENAEANHRNRNENSHTHRNSHSHSHENSHSHSHEEnANANAnHE H CalibPath WATRAJANYS simulation US_ Basins Tar Cali bi TTT et eee ee eee ee Ee Ee TT ee PHS HSHSHSHSHSHESHSH SHS HEHE OBSDateFormat yrim ddd amp OBSFath WATRAJANYS simulati onts Basins Tar 0BS Figure 3 5 Sample Model Directory in the control file As shown in Figure 3 5 CREST separates the input and output data into 9 categories Bas
19. eans that the routing process feeds back the rainfall runoff process hasRiverInterflow No means that all interflow turns to surface flow in channels useLAI YeslINo Yes is reserved for later versions 3 2 3 Model Directory In this section in the control file directory of all input and output data files is specified gt BasicFormat tif any gdal supported formats 24 BasicFath WATRATARY SS simalati on WS_Basins Tar BASIC gt HRRHRHRHSHSHSHSHSHOHSHSHSHSHES HEHEHE HoH eH SH SH SHo HSH SHES Eee 26 ParamFath WATRAJARYS simulation US_Basins Tar Paran Parameters_nofeed_noRiverInterfloe_02 06 txt O EHEHEHEH REHEARSE HEHEHEHEHE R RHA REE EEE EHEHE HEHEHEHEHE HEHEH EHEH HHHH 5 StatePath WATRAJARYS simulati on US_Basins Tar States 3 HERHSHERSHSHSHSHSHSHSHSHEHEHE HEHEHE HHH ee eH eH Shee Sheth a 50 ICSPath WATRAJANYS simulati onts Basins Tar IES HHHHHEHEHEHHEHSHEHSHSHSHEHEHAHHEHE HHH HEHE EEE EE HEH Sie H eH etait di Etat external rainfall settings 3 RainFormat 24h Z 4 ReinllateF ormat ymin dH 3 RaindateC onr End E RainStart U0 0101 12 37 RainDatelnteryal ono0o001 Oo 3 RainPathExt AITRAJANVS data mete data Stazel _ daily sT4 79 RainTeScaling 40 internal rainfall setting 41 RainFathInt VATRAJAHVS simalakion US Basins Tar rains daily rain il PHRHRHPHRHEH RASHES HS HS HERS HARRAH ARH REHASH HS HEHEHE HEHEHEHEHE 1 FETFormat bal i FETDateFornat yumm
20. ecified decompression software if necessary WinRAR is currently supported in windows platforms RainDateFormat yyyymmddHH The time format used by RainStart and RainDatelInterval RainDateConv Begin CenterlEnd The time convention used by the time label file name of rain forcing files 2002010112 The first start date time of rain 11 forcing that will be used by the model RainDateInterval 0000000100 The rain time interval in RainDateFormat RainPathExt daily ST4 The directory of external rain files RainTsScaling The scaling factor to convert the original data contained in rain file to mm TimeMark RainPathInt Server Tar rains_daily rain The directory of internal rain files 3 2 3 4 The Result Section The result Section specifies the directory of the result folder 3 2 3 5 The Calibration Section The calibration Section specifies the directory of the calibration folder 3 2 3 6 The Observation Section The observation section OutPix Information obsolete Instead of outputting selected pixel information CREST v2 1 outputs the selected variables of the entire river network whose location is read from the stream file in the basic folder 3 2 4 Outlet Information CREST v2 1 uses a point feature in the ESRI shape file format to represent the location of the outlet rather than texts of the latitude and longitude Therefore only the file name of the shape file is specified in the control
21. es of these variables are in Table 3 7 3 3 5 OBS Folder This folder contains the shape file location of the outlet and the observed runoff data excel file for the model calibration or validation The file name of the observed runoff is OutletName Obs csv csv is the comma delimited file where the OutletName is specified in the project file and the file name of the shape file is specified in the control file The OutletName_Obs csv has two columns WITH head The first and second columns record the date time and runoff respectively The date time must follow the It should be noted that the shape file contains the outlet position as a point feature 17 The value of the first field of the point feature must be the OutletName 3 3 6 Calibs Folder This folder has a calibration txt file that contains the calibration configuration site name and ratio limits of the model parameters as shown in Figure 3 8 and detailed in Table 3 9 Y Ss ae AA AEA i la id o ab a OY an ll a dl WN NEM ME NO OY E VM YY YM VV VY VY ANN Yee WMV V MM YY VV MY YOO te NSI NENONS NI MNO gt gt gt gt gt 3k 1 HA IN gt gt bra SZ Ww a sal Figure 3 9 Sample of Calibrations txt file Table 3 9 content in the Calibrations txt keyword Type Description iseed SCE_UA The initial random seed Th of trials all f maxn SCE UA j max to 9 tria allowed before optimization i
22. he existing project file provided in the example Tar basin folder and modifying the content according to your own basin or b Filling the content following the instructions in Chapter 3 2 Please note that all sections in the control file are necessary for CREST Please use the switchers to mute the sections not needed rather than removing those sections 3 Generate the geographic basic files required in the basic Please also refer to Chapter 3 3 1 for the definition and generation of basic files 4 Create and fill the files needed in the Param and ICS folders Please refer to Chapters 3 3 2 and 3 3 4 for the files in these folders 5 Prepare the observation files needed in the OBS folder Please refer to Chapter 3 2 3 6 and 3 3 5 for these files 6 Run the model in simulation style using the commands introduced in Chapter 3 1 7 Ifa calibration process is needed please also create and fill the files in the Calibs folder and switch the running style in the control file accordingly Please refer to Chapter 3 3 6 for the calibration file and the parameter difference in the calibration and simulation styles The parameters used in the simulation style and calibration style are determined by different files Note that a lot of users failed to calibrate the model by failing to notice this difference 8 A user must remember to multiply the calibrated ratios and magnitude values in the parameter file used in the
23. he first time simulation of the basin if the PETs empty CREST v2 1 automatically decompresses if necessary re project resample and clip the external forcing file to the projection region and resolution defined in your basic geographic files The processed forcing files will be saved in internal mat format in this folder For later runs if CREST finds the internal forcing files it will ignore the external ones and use the internal ones directly In practice we encourage you to store your global regional external forcing files in one fixed location and let model convert between the external and internal files to save your space and preprocessing time Due to the complex procedure of importing external files it can be time consuming in simulating a basin for the first time However for later simulations or calibrations the model runs significantly faster 19 3 3 8 rains Folder This folder only contains the internal rainfall files named by their date time Please refer to Chapter 3 2 3 3 on the data time format and directory of this folder All rules in Chapter 3 3 7 apply in this folder as well 3 3 9 Results Folder This folder contains hydrographs output variables and calibration results in multiple formats 4 Run Styles and Modes In this chapter we introduce the output differences between running styles and modes Please refer to 3 2 2 on how to set different running styles and modes in the control file In CRES
24. ic Param States ICS Rains PETs Result Calib and OBS Each category has a standalone folder denoted by Path for example the BasicPath The name of the folders is user specified while the keywords are fixed The statements in this section is written in the keyword value format defined in Note 1 3 2 3 1 The Basic Section The basic folder contains the raster files of the same format that stores the geographic information of the basin The full path of these files is known by CREST using the information specified in this section as described in Table 3 3 For e g the full path of the DEM file is specified as BasicPath dem BasicFormat Table 3 3 Basic section in the control file BasicFormat The extension of an image file file name extension Default is Geotiff tif BasicPath A string of a valid directory Physical path of the basic that ends with a V 10 3 2 3 2 Param State and ICS Sections The Param and ICS folders contain text files of model parameters and the initial condition respectively The key value format of these files appears the same as in the control file defined in Note 1 The file format in Param and ICS folders is fixed to txt while the format in the States folder is fixed to mat 3 2 3 3 Forcing Sections The forcing Sections are the trickiest It includes the rainfall PET and the LAI sub
25. iles that represent the geographic information of the basin and a text file that defines the average height difference a DEM Digital elevation model file an FDR Flow Direction file an FAC Flow Accumulation file a stream file All files except the slope file is in a geographic data format with a projection From CREST v2 1 the model accepts any commonly used raster formats supported by GDAL Raster files in this folder only contains grid cell values within the basin area while the grids out of the basin is marked by Null value which is explicitly recorded in the each raster file as done by the SetNull function of the ArcGIS Map Algebra tool In addition the regions in all four raster files MUST have exactly the same size and basin area Users can use a GIS tool to generate the files in this folder We also attached a python script that calls ArcGIS routines to prepare all raster files for CREST Table 3 6 Contents in the basic folder Name File name Format Optional Description by default The digital elevation model ArcGIS 1 128 FAC fac any No Flow accumulation value defined as in HydroSHEDS 1e the high ends minimum value is 1 in pixel Stream stream Value in the river is 1 otherwise is O slope Slope def def text No Contains the GM value that defines the pre defined mean height difference It is used for calculate the slope at the outlet or other places where the slope value is invalid from 15
26. path where gdal_csharp dll is stored By default it should be in the subfolder gdal_ 1110 dll in the decompressed CREST folder nCore is the number of allowed parallel workers It is only effective in the calibration mode and can be ignored in the simulation mode 3 2 Control File The control file described in this subsection contains model settings and data directories Note The statements in the control file should be listed in order in a keywords value manner as following Keyword Value The statement appearing on the same line should be tab separated Comment should begin with a pound sign Keyword is not case sensitive Note 1 Keyword and value format Keywords with is new in CREST v2 1 Model Area obsolete CREST v2 1 accepts common geographic data formats that contain information of coordinate systems and projections Therefore the Model Area is removed 3 2 1 Temporal Settings The description of keywords and values in the Section of Temporal Settings is given in Table 3 1 HHERTRRRAAPRARAARARPA ERE RAR CREST Project File 2 a Version 2 Wa HHEPHRAPRAHAAAAHAAERPARAAEA PARP A PAPA AAAAee MODEL Temporal Settings HHEPHRHERAHAARAERARERPHAAEAPRAEP PRA RPRA PPAR A RRR TimeMar k h year m month d day hthour ulminute s fsecond TimePormat vyyymmddAHHMM Time tep 1 StartDate 200201010030 NLoad J WarmupDate 200206310030 EndDate 201306240030
27. s terminated The mumber of shuffling loops in which kop SCE UA me criterion value must change Py ue given percentage before optimization is terminated The Percentage by which the criterion pcento SCE UA value must change in given number of shuffling loops ne SCE UA The Number of complexes in the initial population 18 NCalibStations Stations The Number of Calibrated Stations Name i Stations The name of the ith station Rainfact_i parameters The possible range of RainFact parameters The format of for parameters to be calibrated is ParameterName 1 Min Value Max where i is the station No and Min Value Max are the lower limit initial value and up limit of the parameter to be calibrated This file is only required in the calibration style Note that the limits and value of all parameters in the calibration txt are ratios rather than absolute values The actual value of a given parameter in the model is the product of its ratio in the calibration txt and its value in parameters txt in a calibration running style In the simulation style the calibration folder is ineffective Currently CREST only supports single site calibration Therefore NCalibStations 1 and 1 1 Multi site calibration mode is coming soon 3 3 7 PETs Folder This folder only contains the INTERNAL potential evaporation data files named by their date time Please refer to Chapter 3 2 3 3 on the data time format and directory of this folder And In t
28. sections The three forcing sections have the same structure with the rainfall section being shown in Figure 3 5 as an example CREST incorporates two mechanisms to efficiently read the forcing file reading from external formats and from the internal format The external format can be in arbitrary image format of a standard coordinate system The internal format is in matlab s mat matrix When the model runs in the simulation mode it first check the existence of internal files if they exist the model uses read the internal files otherwise it tries to read the external file on the missing date time and then save it in the internal format for next time use Reading the external forcing file can be significantly slower than the internal one because it may involve the decompression resampling reprojection and clipping As a result it is recommended to run the model in the simulation mode for the first time and then to play the model at any styles the user desire Table 3 4 lists the variables in the rainfall section as an example In this example daily stagelV data is used the file name without directory is yyyymmdd12 24h Z Table 3 4 Basic section in the control file RainFormat 24h Z The extension of the EXTERNAL forcing file Note that the extension means all content after the date time part The file can be a compressed file CREST will identify this by its extension zip rar Z z and decompress it using the user sp
29. urnal of Hydrology 499 0 91 99 Khan S I Y Hong J Wang K K Yilmaz J J Gourley R F Adler G R Brakenridge F Policelli S Habib and D Irwin 2011 Satellite Remote Sensing and Hydrologic Modeling for Flood Inundation Mapping in Lake Victoria Basin Implications for Hydrologic Prediction in Ungauged Basins IEEE Transactions on Geosciences and Remote Sensing 49 1 85 95 Jan 2011 doi 24 10 1109 TGRS 2010 20575 13 Wu H Adler RF Hong Y Tian Y Policelli F 2012 Evaluation of Global Flood Detection Using Satellite Based Rainfall and a Hydrologic Model Journal of Hydrometeorolog 13 4 1268 1284 Duan Q Sorooshian S Gupta V 1992 Effective and efficient global optimization for conceptual rainfall runoff models Water Resour Res 28 4 1015 1031 25
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