5. assessing vegetation coverage at the sao paulo - Ainfo
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1. MANUAL APPENDIX 1 Listing op map calculation statements to compute the ageregated VC per municipality Type the expressions below on the command line in the main ILWIS menu to calculate the vegetation cover VC for each month of the year 2008 and 2009 muni_vc012008 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios vc012008 muni_vc022008 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios vc_fev2008 muni_vc032008 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios vc_mar2008 muni_vc042008 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios vc_abr2008 muni_vc052008 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios ve_mai2008 muni_vc062008 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios vc_jun2008 muni_vc072008 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios vc_jul2008 muni_vc082008 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios vc_ago2008 muni_vc092008 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios vc_set2008 muni vcl02008 mprtdom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios ve_out2008 muni vcl12008 mpridom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios ve_nov2008 muni_ve122008 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios ve_dez2008 muni_vc012009 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios ve_jan2009 muni_vc022009 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios ve_2. of Sao Paulo and the NDVI maximum monthly value map for each month of the years 2008 and 2009 The result is a large cross table which contains the combinations of the municipality names codes and the number of pixels with a certain NDVI value 60 APPLICATION MANUAL Open from the main ILWIS menu the option Operations gt Raster Operations gt Cross Select the raster map with the maximum monthly NDVI values for the Ist month of 2008 here called submax2008_1 as 1st Map Select raster map municipios as 2nd Map Type avg 01 2008 as Output Table and press Show From the menu of the newly created table select the option Columns gt Aggregation The Aggregate Column dialog box is opened and now select the Column submax2008 1 as Function Average Group by municipios as Output Table specify spnovo and type for the Output Column avg2008 1 Click OK in the Aggregate Column dialog box see also figure 5 7 ER Aggregate Column Column fay submax2008 1 Function inAverage Group by municipios eight v Output Table spnovo Output Column avq2008_1 OK Cancel Help Figure 5 7 Column aggregation and adding resulting column to external table Open the cross table and open the table spnovo Inspect the newly created column avg2008 1 This procedure should be repeated for all maps in the time series If you do not want to do this ano
3. the map muni vc012008 Add to this map the vector layer showing the municipalities and use the option boundaries only for display of this vector layer Now from the main ILWIS menu select Operations gt Statistics gt MapList gt MapList Graph In the maplist graph window select as MapList muni vc use a fix stretch of O to 100 activate the options Continuous and Always on top Activate the map window showing the previously opened map layer muni vc012008 Browse with the mouse cursor over the map Note the aggregated vegetation cover time series values in the graph window see also figure 5 11 You can also change the maplist e g use submax2008_2009 to see the maximum monthly NDVI values Note that you have to change the fix stretch from 0 to 1 63 APPLICATION MANUAL ha Maplist Graph MapList W munive wf Clipboard Copy o Continugue AY Awaye On TOR V FixStretch 0 000 o0 100 0 1 114 612 4 7 7 20 6 20 38 38 97 S 47 43 49 69 W Figure 3 11 Aggregated Vegetation Cover and time series graph of a pixel 5 6 Conclusions This methodology needs to be validated with in situ data The thresholds of the NDVI values used to calculate the vegetation cover NDVIs and NDVIy may be changed depending on the length of the time series available and also on the area of interest This methodology can be adapted to different objectives like crop and biomass monitoring and for biodiversi
4. APPLICATION MANUAL 5 ASSESSING VEGETATION COVERAGE AT THE SAO PAULO STATE SCALE A TOOL FOR AIDING THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS By Fabio Enrique Torresan 5 1 Relevance and importance of the application The availability of reliable information of the agricultural production data is increasingly a fundamental demand in the decision making process both for national and international scenarios Pino 1999 Epiphanio et al 2002 Dronin amp Bellinger 2005 Epiphanio 2007 Castillejo Gonzalez et al 2009 The operational methodology currently applied to perform agricultural forecasting in Brazil is done through extensive prolonged expensive and subjective surveys based on the opinion of technical agents involved in the agricultural segment Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat stica 2002 and therefore the analysis is biased due to the errors and uncertainties involved and renders this methodology less practical Therefore an increasing demand is observed for agricultural forecasts derived from remote sensing data which allow faster results with higher accuracy and lower costs than the traditional techniques Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1998 Prasad 2006 In the same way there is also a great gap with respect to information about the degree of conservation of the remaining natural vegetation coverage Global demand for agricultural products is now a major driver of cropland and pasture expans
5. Extraction Fac a E MSG Rapid Scanning Service Import ES Image Processing E SA E Satellite Application Facitlities SAF Ei Import Export E Real Time MSG Visualization EE Interpolation E GOES MSG IR Composite Visualizatior E Point Operations E CMA products Polygon Operations gt E MODIS Global Products FB Raster Operations TAMSAT Rainfall Products gt SPOT YGT Products ct E SPOTVGT Africa E SPOT VGT Latin America m EB Area Numbering EB Attribute Map of Ra Ee ie ER Distance Calculatio E p L DMP EB Effect Distance DevCoCast Products ER Glue Raster Maps E METOP EB Iteration H JASON 2 FE Map Calculation GP Web Mapping services EB MapList Calculatior E To other applications a Spatial Multi Criteri Eb ae Folders H EB Rasterize iol mo R EM SEBS Tools E Segment Operations Config XML version 1 1 Figure 5 3 Importing S10 NDVI images using the Geonetcast Toolbox plug in Open the imported maps ndvi20091201 ndvi20091211 and ndvi20091221 use as Representation NDVI1 browse with the left mouse cursor pressed over the map and inspect the values Note that also a status map _SM is created This status map is going to be applied to select only those pixels that meet the following criteria cloud free land pixel and having good radiometry in the red and near infra red channels F
6. Show Define Cancel Help Figure 5 6 Sub map settings to select the Sao Paulo State region Most of the analysis in ILWIS is based on raster data Therefore conversion from vector to raster format rasterize is often a necessary step preceding the analysis Right click with the mouse the polygon file spnovo from the context sensitive menu select the option Polygon to Raster as Georeference select submax2008 1 and type for the Output Raster Map municipios press Show to execute the operation Press OK to display the map using the default settings Close the map and right click with the mouse the newly created raster map municipios select Properties and note that the Attribute Table spnovo is attached to this map Double click with the left mouse button the table spnovo to display it and inspect the content Its content is identical to the record that is displayed when using Pixel Information see also figure 5 5 5 5 Data analysis In order to conduct the full pre processing chain as indicated in chapter 5 4 for the whole time series requires a lot of time Therefore a full pre processed sub set of NDVI data of the Sao Paulo region has been prepared The methodology used to create this time series is identical as described above The time series NDVI maximum value composites are provided in the map list submax2008 2009 Double click with the mouse the map list name use
7. aulo State Brazil consisting of 645 municipalities see also figure 5 2 Sin PAD A DRE ENO hE A a es IS AES DENN ODO ar CAG Es To a i D 3 KY iG A q s D mes Jy a Figure 5 2 Sao Paulo State with the municipal boundaries and its location in Brazil 5 4 Data pre processing For this application a temporal data set is used of S10 NDVI images The 10 day SPOT Vegetation S10 synthesis products are a combination of daily atmospherically corrected data of all VEGETATION segments measurements of the given decade 10 day period into a single image using the Maximum Value Composite MVC algorithm which selects the pixels with the best ground reflectance values Bartholom 2006 Here a temporal data set is used from the years 2008 and 2009 Not all time steps need to be pre processed as example of the necessary pre processing required the month of December 2009 is used 5 4 1 Importing the S10 NDVI images A temporal series of S10 NDVI images derived from the SPOT Vegetation Instrument for the years 2008 and 2009 available within the GEONETCast data stream should be imported into the Integrated Land and Water Information System ILWIS using the GEONETCast Toolbox see figure 5 3 Ensure that you have unzipped the exercise data open ILWIS and move using the ILWIS navigator to this active working directory You will note that there is a sub directory enc data The directory is containing t
8. d inspect the content 5 5 3 Municipal Vegetation Cover maps Having calculated the average vegetation cover per municipality in the table this information is now going to be spatially represented First select by right clicking the mouse over the raster map municipios the Properties Dialog Box Ensure that from here the Attribute Table spnovo ndvi vc is selected and press Apply and OK Again right click with the mouse the map municipios and select Raster Operations gt Attribute Map as Attribute select the column vc012008 and as Output Raster Map specify muni vc012008 press Show to execute the operation and display the resulting map using a Representation vecover The result is also given in figure 5 10 62 APPLICATION MANUAL muni vc012008 municipios vcO12008 ILWIS Ox File Edit Layers Options Help DO X amp AR Bo Bi 1 6212025 x EB spnovo E Properties EB muni_vc012 ES Properties 2 Legend 40 00 50 00 50 00 70 00 50 00 20 00 E 100 00 471 959 23 49 37 6 S 44 38 08 84 W 23 49 37 57 5 44 38 08 84 W Figure 5 10 Vegetation cover aggtegated per municipality Sao Paulo State January 2008 Check the command line string from the main ILWIS menu use the drop down icon on the right hand corner of the command line The expression generated to execute the operation can be adapted and a new map can be calculated The st
9. e outtl22009 mpl Operction List Navigator Oparation Tran Sndvi_ok20091201 andy ok20081211 Sndvi_okFO091771 E Image Processing 2 inporyesport E interpolabon E Pont CGperabons a BO Pogon Operations a E aster Operabans EE Rasterize E gt na Drive O Query None Figure 5 4 Example Map List created with the three decades from December 2009 5 4 3 Extracting the Monthly Maximum Value Composition From the map list created the three NDVI images will be merged into another raster map resulting in the maximum NDVI value for each month Right click with the mouse the map list 122009 from the context sensitive menu select Statistics gt Maplist Statistics as Statistic Function select Maximum specify as output map max200912 and press Show to execute the operation To display the map use as Representation NDVI1 and press OR Now add the polygon file spnovo select from the active map window the options Layers gt Add Layer and select spnovo From the menu Display Options Polygon Map unselect the option Info and activate the option Boundaries Only The polygon boundaries are now draped over the raster NDVI map use the Zoom in option from the active map window and select the area of interest Next from the active map window select the option File gt Open Pixel Information and move the mouse cursor over the map to s
10. ee the corresponding table attributes Your results should resemble those of figure 5 5 ZA max122009 MapMaplistStatistics 122009 mpl Max O 2 ILWIS WE Pixel Information ILWIS Fie Edt Layers Opters Heap Fle Edt Options Hep DO Haak Bo E 16342057 x Li koordinate 22 37 31 05 S 40 48 41 29 0 gD sprovo 5223 4950 ESP Properties 0 764 IgA BB max 122009 e61 3522703 0 35 SP It polis Re Sudeate Nesorregi 1505 Meso Araraquara Jnicrorregs 35024 Micro Araraquara 990 617 gt 5264 4061 21 S9 14 2 S 49 36 26 51 W 21 55 14 235 49 36 26 51 W Figure 5 5 Monthly NDVI maximum value composite with Sao Paulo State political vector map In order to calculate the operations only for the study area it is necessary to create a Sub map To create a sub map it is necessary to select using the right mouse button the max200912 map and choose from the context sensitive menu the Spatial Reference Operations gt Sub Map options The details to select only the Sao Paulo State are provided in figure 5 6 and press Show to execute the operation and display the sub map using the Representation NDVI1 59 APPLICATION MANUAL ER Sub Map of Raster Map Raster Map EM max 22009 C Lines and Columns e Corners C Coordinates First Line 5000 First Column 4460 Last Line 5650 Last Column 5475 Output Raster Map sub max 22009 Description Input map is north oriented
11. fev2009 muni_vc032009 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios vc_mar2009 muni_vc042009 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios vc_abr2009 muni_vc052009 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios ve_mai2009 muni_vc062009 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios vc_jun2009 muni_vc072009 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios vc_jul2009 muni_vc082009 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios ve_ago2009 muni_vc092009 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios vc_set2009 muni_vc102009 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios vc_out2009 muni vcl12009 mpridom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios ve_nov2009 muni_vce122009 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios ve_dez2009 66
12. he raw data from GEONETCast DevCoCast Once close ILWIS and Open ILWIS again to ensure that the directory settings are correct Ensure that the GEONETCast toolbox plug in is installed open from the main ILWIS menu the option Operations gt Geonetcast gt toolbox now select the option Configuration gt Folders Specify the folder settings for SPOT VGT4 Latin America set the appropriate input and output folders note that the input folder is your active working directory and add here the sub directory gcn_data 57 APPLICATION MANUAL From the ILWIS Main Menu import the NDVI images for the 3 decades of December for the year 2009 select from the ILWIS menu Operations gt Geonetcast gt Toolbox gt SPOT VGT Products gt SPOT VGT Latin America gt NDVI Use as Date stamps 20091201 20091211 and 20091221 respectively gt O 4 1X EEE E BERBREBD eae nO BABB Hitt Pie bn he oe Iignc x E Geonetcast Toolbox Operation List Navigator Operation Tree El Geonetcast NDVI Edit E GEONETCast Product Navigator Date isca E Pixel Info E GEONETCast Data Manager ho Create gt MSG HRIT Input directory ID DevCoCast_8b a E dro processing oa Calculate MSG angles Output directory ID DevCoCast_Sb new_data E E Geostationary LRIT 2 Geonetcast Toolbox Meteorological Product
13. ion across much of the developing world Whether these new agricultural lands replace forests degraded forests or grasslands greatly influences the environment While the general pattern is known there is still no definitive quantification of these land cover changes Gibbs 2010 Conservation of biodiversity within managed landscapes calls for a strategy that includes increasing the conservation value of the agricultural matrix both in terms of providing viable habitat for forest dependent species as well as increasing connectivity between protected areas and forest fragments DeClerck et all 2010 The identification mapping and monitoring of the land use changes is an important tool to support decision making both for public managers and for agribusiness investors At the same time recovery and utilization of degraded areas and restoration of native vegetation could prevent the advance of deforestation in areas of agricultural expansion In this context the Vegetation instrument on board the SPOT satellite deliver measurements specifically tailored to monitor land surface properties with a frequency of about once a day on a global basis and at a spatial resolution of one kilometer in fact 5 times over 6 days at the equator once a day at 30 latitude and twice a day at latitudes higher than 60 These characteristics allow monitoring large extents of land in a continuous way 1 Embrapa Satellite Monitoring Av Soldado Passarinho 303 Fa
14. n coverage for each month After the calculation is finished open the newly created maplist vc2008 2009 double click one of the map layers and display the map using a Representation vgcover See a resulting example of January 2008 with the municipality boundaries in figure 5 9 Close the map and now display it as an animated sequence using the same Representation Close the animation when finished 61 APPLICATION MANUAL LE MapList Calculation TEENETE adi Star Band 5 EndBand 24 InpwtMaplists po MopiList il Eemo 2009 a CutpulMepList eiii coma Diasenpton Figure 5 6 MapList Calculation 84 vc2008 2009 1 submax2008 1 0 192 0 671 100 ILWIS OX Fie Edit Layers Options Help DO xk MQ Qk BS 6212025 EB spnovo EE Properties EB vc2008 200 H Properties 2 Legend 0 00 50 00 E 100 00 HB 150 00 116 1014 20 39 41 6 5 44 08 22 90 W 20 39 41 58 5 44 08 22 90 W Figure 5 9 Vegetation coverage for January 2008 Now the monthly average vegetation cover maps have to be crossed with the municipality raster map Repeat the same procedure as described in chapter 5 5 1 but now cross the vegetation cover maps for each month with the 99 raster municipality map This will result in 24 new columns in the table spnovo use as column prefix name vce gt If you don t want to repeat the procedure 24 times open the table spnovo ndvi vc an
15. or further explanation on the procedure see also Maathuis et al 2011 Type the following map calculation formula on the command line in the main ILWIS menu Status_ok iff ndvi20091201_SM_ div 1 mod 2 ndvi20091201 SM div 2 mod 2 0 and ndvi20091201 SM div 8 mod 2 ndvi20091201_SM div 32 mod 2 ndvi20091201_SM div 64 mod 2 3 1 0 Leave all other options as default and execute the operation Inspect the resulting map and now apply the mask showing the pixels meeting the selection criteria to the NDVI map by entering the following map calculation statement on the command line in the main ILWIS menu ndvi 0k20091201 iff Status ok 1 ndvi20091201 Again use all other settings as default and execute the operation check the results use as Representation NDVI1 Repeat this procedure for the other two decades as well Use the command line history from the main ILWIS menu and change the date string portions 5 4 2 Creating a Map List for the imported NDVI images Create one map list for each month with the three decades from its corresponding month see figure 5 4 From the ILWIS Main Menu select File gt Create gt Map List and make for the month of December 2009 a map list consisting of the 3 corrected decadal maps ndvi 0k200912 Specify as output map list name 122009 58 APPLICATION MANUAL EE ILWiS Open Map List 122009 Fie Edt Operanons view Window Hp Hication_manualdataltorresan Sexercis
16. p Disserta o Mestrado Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais S o Jos dos Campos Fabrice A J DeClerck Robin Chazdon Karen D Holl Jeffrey C Milder Bryan Finegan Alejandra Martinez Salinas Pablo Imbach Lindsay Canet Zayra Ramos 2010 Biodiversity conservation in human modified landscapes of Mesoamerica Past present and future Bzo ogical Conservation Volume 143 Issue 10 Conserving complexity Global change and community scale interactions Tropical forest biodiversity in a human modified world a multi region assessment October 2010 Pages 2301 2313 ISSN 0006 3207 DOI 10 1016 biocon 2010 03 026 Gao Q Li Y Wan Y Lin E Siong W Jiangcun W Wang B and Li W 2006 Grassland degradation in northern Tibet based on remote sensing data J Geographical Sciences v 13 n 2 p 165 173 2006 Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat stica 2002 Pesquisas agropecu rias Rio de Janeiro Brazil IBGE 2002 v 6 96p S rie relat rios metodol gicos Maathuis B Mannaerts C Retsios B Schouwenburg M and Lemmens R 2011 GEONETCast Toolbox Installation configuration and user guide of the GEONETCast Toolbox plug in for ILWSI 3 7 XML version 1 2 ITC Enschede The Netherlands 2011 http 52north org downloads earth observation geonetcast toolbox PINO F A 1999 Estat sticas agr colas para o s culo XXI Agricultura em S o Paulo v 46 p 71 105 1999 65 APPLICATION
17. ring that was used to calculate the attribute map is muni_vc012008 mpr dom value vr 4 28 94 79 0 01 MapAttribute municipios vc012008 To calculate a new map the output map name needs to be changed and the attribute column Open once more the table and note that the attribute column for the vegetation cover of February 2008 is called vc fev2008 Now change the expression given in the command line history following muni_vc022008 mpr dom value vr 0 00 100 00 0 01 MapAttribute municipios ve_fev2008 Press enter from the active command line to execute this operation and OK Keep on changing the input attribute column and output map name to obtain a time series of 24 VC municipality aggregated maps All command line expressions are also presented in appendix 1 When all 24 muni_vc maps are created open from the ILWIS main menu the options File gt Create gt MapList specify as MapList name muni vc select all 24 muni_vc maps and use the gt icon to transfer them to the right hand map listing press OK Display the newly created maplist as an animated sequence using as Representation vecover and press OK twice In the active map window select the option Layers gt Add Layer add the polygon file spnovo from the menu Display Options Polygon Map unselect the option Info and activate the option Boundaries Only Once more open the maplist muni vc and display
18. the option Open as Slide Show select as Representation NDVI1 and press OK twice to see then animated sequence of this time series After the content is inspected close the visualization 5 5 1 Statistical analysis on the NDVI values for each municipality An important tool for data analysis in ILWIS is the Cross operation which calculates the frequency of occurrence of all possible combinations of two maps The Cross operation performs an overlay of two raster maps by comparing pixels at the same positions in both maps and keeping track of all the combinations that occur between the values or classes in both maps The input maps used in a Cross operation should be raster maps that have the same georeference During the Cross operation combinations of class names identifiers or values of pixels in both maps are listed the number of pixels occurring as this combination is counted and the areas of the combinations are calculated The results are stored in an output cross table and optionally an output cross map can be created The output cross table and the output cross map obtain an ID domain with the same name as the output cross table The domain contains items which are combinations of the class names IDs group names or values of the first input map and those of the second input map You are going to cross a raster map with an identifier domain called municipios created before containing the municipal areas of the State
19. ther 23 times open the table spnovo ndvi and inspect the content of this table 5 5 2 Estimating vegetation cover For this step the methodology proposed by Gao et al 2006 is adopted which uses vegetation cover VC to calculate the rate of degradation and the result can be applied to establish a system for assessment and monitoring of the environment using remote sensing In this application the following expression will be used to estimate the vegetation coverage VC NDVI NDVIs NDVI NDVI VC 00 Eq 1 Where VC the vegetation coverage NDVIs the average of the minimal NDVI value of the study area here 0 192 NDVIy the average NDVI value of pure vegetation or the average of the maximum NDVI value in the study area here 0 671 Note that NDVIs and NDVIy values specified above can be obtained from the table e g the table spnovo using the aggregated minimum and maximum statistical values of the 24 aveyear month columns Select from the main ILWIS menu the option Operations gt Raster Operations gt MapList Calculation see also figure 5 8 Select the NDVI time series map list submax2008 2009 as input MapList and as Output MapList specify vc2008 2009 Here only 1 Input MapList is used In the expression field type the following expression 1 0 192 0 671 100 and press Show to execute the operation Now 24 new maps are calculated representing the vegetatio
20. ty monitoring and environmental management of protected areas In this case other geographical limits of analysis need to be adopted like the extents of a certain land use regions the boundaries of watersheds or of parks and protected areas 64 APPLICATION MANUAL REFERENCES Bartholom E editor 2006 VGT4Africa user manual 1st edition EUR 22344 EN European Communities Available online in English and French at http www devcocast eu ViewContent do pageld 40 last accessed on 2011 02 01 Castillejo Gonzalez I L Lopez Granados F Garcia Ferrer A Pefia Barragan J M Jurado Exposito M Sanchez de la Orden M and Gonzalez Audicana M 2009 Object and pixel based analysis for mapping crops and their agro environmental associated measures using QuickBird imagery Computers and Electronics in Agriculture v 08 p 207 215 2009 Dronin N M Bellinger E G 2005 Climate dependence and food problems in Russia 1900 1990 the interaction of climate and agricultural policy and their effect on food problems Budapest Hungary Central European University Press 2005 366p Epiphanio J C N Luiz A J B Formaggio A R 2002 Estimativa de reas agr colas municipais utilizando sistema de amostragem simples sobre imagens de sat lite Bragantia v 61 p 187 197 2002 Epiphanio R D V 2007 Avalia o da potencialidade das imagens MODIS na estima o da rea de soja no Estado do Mato Grosso 2007 89
21. zenda Chapad o CEP 13070 115 Campinas SP Brasil www cnpm embrapa br email torresan cnpm embrapa br 55 APPLICATION MANUAL 5 2 Objective of the application The main objective for this application is to assess the vegetation coverage at the municipalities from the Sao Paulo State Brazil using data from a temporal set of S10 NDVI images acquired by SPOT Vegetation instrument which are available from the DevCoCast project After the validation of this methodological approach in a near future it would be useful to implement a monitoring system using the vegetation cover and make it available to decision makers and for the society 5 3 Methodology and study area 5 3 1 Methodology adopted A flow chart of the followed methodology is presented in figure 5 1 below S10 NDVI temporal series from SPOT Vegetation Step 1 Step 2 one MapList Maximum Value for each one NDVI map Digital Vector Composition month for each month Data shapefile IEA Table one MapList Vector Map of Sao Raster Map of Sao with 24 NDVI Paulo municipalities Paulo municipalities mensal maps boundaries boundaries NDVI sub maps limited by S o Paulo State boundaries Output Crosstable Vegetation Coverage li Maps for each month Average Vegetation Coverage Maps for each month and for each municipality Figure 5 1 Flowchatt of the adopted methodology 56 APPLICATION MANUAL 5 3 2 Study Area The study area covers the S o P
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