DIRECTOR 8.5 PART II: INTRO TO INTERACTIVITY WITH
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1. Any scripting language has certain elements you must use and rules you must follow If you follow the rules you are rewarded when the script performs as you expect If the script does not work you perform debugging to correct the syntax or change the elements to satisfy Lingo s rules In this task you will test the script you just created Steps T On the toolbar click the Rewind and Play buttons to rewind and play the movie The movie loops because you turned on looping with the Control gt Loop Playback command Click the button you created You should hear a beep or see the Menu bar flash If you don t repeat the steps for creating the script in the preceding task Make sure you type beep correctly and close the window when you re done Also make sure your speakers are turned on Stop the movie Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual LECTURETTE 6 USING THE MESSAGE WINDOW Now that you know what a script is and how it is created it s time to delve a little deeper into the way Director and Lingo work together Director sends out messages whenever some event occurs in a movie For instance when the user presses the mouse button to click something this is a mouseDown event and Director responds by sending a mouseDown message The message is then availab2. 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual To add a new event or action group to the behavior choose an event from the Event pop up menu and then choose actions for the event from the Actions pop up menu You can choose as many actions as you need for a single event To change an existing event or action group choose an event from the list and then add or remove actions in the Actions list To delete an event or action group choose the event and press Delete To change the sequence of actions in an event or action group choose an event from the Events list choose an action from the Actions list and then click the up and down arrows above the Actions list to change the order of actions To lock the current selection so nothing changes in the Behavior Inspector when new sprites are selected click the Lock Selection button If you are familiar with Lingo you can also edit a behavior s script directly EXERCISE 7 CREATING BEHAVIORS Practice 5 min Steps Click the Behavior pop up menu Choose New Behavior Enter a name for the new behavior Choose a new event from the Event pop up menu Choose an action for the event from the Actions pop up menu LECTURETTE 5 BEHAVIORS PART Ill Determining When Handlers Receive a Message A movie can contain more than one handler for the same message Director manages this situation by sending the message to objects in a definite order The general order in w
3. 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual INSTRUCTOR SETUP Materials Instructor Manual with disk of accompanying files User Manual 1 copy per student Job Aids 1 copy per student Equipment PC or Macintosh workstation 1 per student with Macromedia Director 8 5 installed Instructor PC or Mac workstation with Director 8 5 Overhead projector connected to instructor workstation Session length is 2 hours Ensure the Instructor station is properly connected to the projector and you see a clear projection on the screen Ensure each User station is working properly Pass out a copy of the User Manual to each student Load the demo files from the accompanying disk onto the Instructor workstation These are the completed files that you will demo for the students The students will create their own files during the workshop The Instructor Manual is set up so that you can see the corresponding User Manual page next to it To make copies of the User Manual for the participants of the workshop print out the PDF version from http mll arizona edu workshops shtml tutorialpdfs Workshop Structure This workshop is divided into sections of Lecturettes and Exercises The lecturettes are instructional sections that are to be delivered in a lecture like form while demonstrating applicable information contained in the lecturette to the Users with the overhead projection Keep in mind that the users do
4. Library Palette such as Rollover Member Change Hold on Current frame and Jump to Marker Button Use of Markers Use of the Property inspector Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual EXERCISE 1 FILM LOOPS Demo file 2 min Follow along 3 min Practice 5 min Film Loops provide the following another level of animation similar to Movie clips in Flash help to simplify the score by combining sprites and channels can have scripts attached to them Creating a Film Loop Create cast members and use of these commands copy sprites paste sprites and reverse sequence to create a bouncing ball animation that will be used to create a film loop Steps 1 File gt New gt Movie 2 Window gt Paint 3 With the paintbrush draw a small ball appx 20 pixels Name the cast member smallBall with out the quotes Click the New Cast Member button in the upper left of the Paint Window to create a new cast With the rectangle tool draw a small gray box appx 50 pixels wide Name it grayBox Place them in the score and Tween an animation of a ball bouncing on the grayBox by EXERCISE 2 TWEENING Demo file 2 min Follow along 3 min Practice 5 min Steps 1 Drag the smallBall cast member to the middle of the stage It should appear in
5. and the mouseUp handler in the cast script should not be executed Try out the button now 8 Play the movie and click the Beep button As Expected you see the alert box with the sprite script message This is because sprite scripts take precedence over the cast scripts Click OK to dismiss the alert box and then stop the movie Next you ll remove the sprite script to se how the mouseUp message passes through the sprite level to the cast member level Select the Beep button on the stage Then choose Clear All Behaviors from the Behaviors menu in the score This removes the sprite script from the button sprite Take a look at the Cast window though and you ll see that even though you cleared the script from the sprite the behavior still exists as a cast member The Clear All Behaviors selection affects only the selected sprite if other sprites have this behavior attached they are not affected and the behavior s cast member is not affected either And nonce of this of course had any affect on the script attached on the button cast member Play the movie click the Beep button Now an alert box appears with the cast script message This is because there is no mouseUp handler at the sprite script level so the message was sent to the next level in the message order 12 Click OK to dismiss the alert box and then stop the movie Next you ll add a frame script to the movie but you need to make a minor adjustment first 13 If the button
6. are available to the entire movie while the movie plays Movie scripts can control what happens when a movie starts stops or pauses If you want to access a script from anywhere in a movie place it in a Movie script If every cast member or frame needs access to functionality of a handler place the handler in a Movie script For example a handler in a Movie script that checks the color depth of the user s monitor might run when the movie starts You can use as many Movie scripts as you like When an event such as a mouse click occurs Director responds by issuing a message of the same name For example when a user releases the mouse button a mouseUp event is generated Director responds to the mouseUp event by issuing a mouseUp message A message travels in order through Sprite scripts Cast member scripts Frame scripts and Movie scripts looking for a handler by the same name In most cases a message runs the first matching handler it encounters and then the message stops An exception occurs at the sprite level A sprite can have more than one script and a message always looks at all of a sprite s scripts and runs any matching handlers it finds before stopping For example a sprite can have two or more on mouseUp handlers a mouseUp message that reaches the sprite runs both handlers in the order in which you assigned the mouseUp scripts to the sprite and only then does the message stop Lingo is a flexible language and it provides a
7. by opening the Script window with a handler for the most common message already partially entered for you For a sprite script Director enters on mouseUp me and end commands for a frame script Director enters on exitFrame and end commands You are not restricted to these handlers only Director defaults to them to be helpful Steps 1 Select the Beep button on the stage Then choose Modify gt Sprite gt Script Windows Ctrl Shift Macintosh ShifttCommand You already assigned this sprite a script that sounds a beep when the Beep button is clicked You will now change the script to do something else The alert command sounds a beep and displays an alert box containing a message you specify Replace the beep command with the alert command now Tip Here and in the following steps notice that the Script window s title bar identifies the script type If you re ever unsure of the type of script being displayed check the title bar Make the changes shown here in bold and then close the Script window On mouseUp me Alert This is the sprite script End The quotation marks tell Director that this is the text of the message you want to display Now when you click on the Beep button an alert box displays This is the sprite script Play the movie and click the Beep button You should see an alert box with you message and an OK button Click OK to dismiss the alert box Stop the movie Now you re going to create a cast
8. not have all of this information in their User Manuals so be sure to cover all points The Exercises are practice exercises for the Users and they are found in their User Manual as well as the Instructor Manual First be sure to demonstrate the steps and or demo file in the Exercise and then after you have demonstrated allows the users the time to complete the Exercise on their own The first few sections of the workshop mainly Film Loops and Tweening are a review from the Director 8 5 Part workshop If you wish to save time you may quickly go through these sections so as to spend more time on the new material Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 University of Arizona Last modified 03 05 02 DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual INTRODUCTION Prerequisites to this workshop Having learned and practiced the skills covered in Director workshop you the student will be able to Create Film loops to simplify the score and add an additional animation motion Create simple Director Behavior and Lingo scripts Know where to place these scripts so they execute in the correct sequence You will have passed the Criterion Test from the Director Workshop and will be expected to have the following skills from that workshop Tweening with motion and other properties Adjusting properties of sprites in the Timeline Use of Behaviors from the
9. sprite in your score spans more than one frame adjust the sprite s duration so that the sprite occupies only frame 1 As the previous steps demonstrated when you select a sprite and assign a script to it that script is active for the sprite s entire duration regardless of the number of frames the sprite spans Frame scripts however are active only within the frame to which they are assigned The following steps will be easier if you reduce the sprite to a single frame you can then attach a frame script to this single frame rather than assigning it to every frame within the button sprite s duration 14 Double click the script channel frame 1 The Script window appears already containing the Lingo commands on exitFrame and end To see how the message order works in this task you need to change the default handler name from on exitFrame to on mouseUp Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona 22 DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual Select all the text in the Script window and delete it Type the following and then close the window On mouseUp Alert This is the frame script End You now have a mouseUp handler in the cast member script attached to the Beep button that displays an alert message when the Beep button is clicked You also have a mouseUp handler in the frame script attached to frame 1 t
10. sprite or frame 1 Select the sprite or frame where the behavior is attached 2 Choose Window gt Inspectors gt Behavior to open the Behavior Inspector Double click the behavior name in the Behavior Inspector Enter parameters for the behavior EXERCISE 6 ATTACHING BEHAVIORS Practice 5 min Attach a behavior to sprites or frames using the Behavior Inspector Steps Choose Window gt Inspectors gt Behavior to open the Behavior Inspector Select a sprite or frame Choose a behavior from the Behavior pop up menu LECTURETTE 4 BEHAVIORS PART I Interactivity with the behavior inspector lets you create scripts without having to type the Lingo commands yourself If you create a new behavior it appears in the currently selected cast Select an empty cast position first if you want the behavior to appear in a certain place To create or modify a behavior 1 Do one of the following Select a behavior in the Behavior Inspector OR Click the Behavior pop up menu choose New Behavior and enter a name for the new behavior Click the arrow to expand the editing pane of the Behavior Inspector The editing pane shows the events and actions in the current behavior If you re creating a new behavior no events or actions appear There are several steps you can take at this point Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona DIRECTOR 8
11. the first open sprite channel with a duration of 28 frames Select the final keyframe and Insert gt Keyframe Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual Holding the shift key down move the smallBall sprite up 20 or 30 pixels to the top of its bounce It should look like this Rewind and Play the movie with the score still visible The ball should appear to bounce up and then start over at the bottom EXERCISE 3 FULL SEQUENCE WITH REVERSE PATH CREATE DOWN MOTION Demo file 1 min Follow along 3 min Practice G6 min Steps 1 Select and copy the sprite in the score Paste after the first sprite in frame 29 While still selected Modify gt Reverse Sequence Play to test It should first go up and then down In channel 2 frame 1 drag an instance of the grayBox cast member to the score Adjust it so that it just touches the smallBall at the bottom of the bounce On its final keyframe in frame 28 Insert gt Keyframe and then extend the sprite Dragging the keyframe is one technique Question for Students What other techniques can be used to extend the sprite in the score Answer Property inspector field entry score window field entry menu gt extend sprite with a Lingo command Play the movie with the score open Demo the use of selected loop
12. to the Clipboard select a cell in the Score and then paste Director pastes the original Score data instead of the film loop EXERCISE 5 MORE ON CREATING FILM LOOPS Demo file 2 min Follow along 8S min Practice 5 min Create a Film Loop which will simplify your score and also enable more complex motion and interactivity Steps I Using the loopExercise dir file you created open the Behavior Inspector 2 Drag this behavior to the next to last frame of the sprites in the script channel Enter in frame 1 when the dialogue prompt box appears Note This behavior is now in cast library also Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual 1 Drag up in the score so you select all frames that have info in them Copy 2 Paste into an empty cast member slot 3 Create Film loop prompt appears Name the Film Loop fubar Add more animation Select frame 60 in channel 1 Drag the cast member to the stage Select frame 60 in the script channel Add a Go Loop behavior from the Library Palette to it Select the final keyframe and Insert gt Keyframe Drag the marker label to frame 60 Select the final keyframe hold down the shift key to constrain and move the sprite to the right Play the movie You should get two motions for one now Try the copy reverse sequ
13. E always exeiclicme has the same meaning In Lingo you can also use numbers to represent the values of TRUE and FALSE The value of TRUE is 1 and the value of FALSE is 0 By default the Script Editor automatically assigns different colors to different Lingo elements so you can distinguish between reserved keywords and variable names and simple comments The colors used and whether they are used at all can be determined in the Script Window Prefer ences dialog box choose File gt Preferences gt Script Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual Now you ll use the Message window to see how some of the Lingo elements work The put command tells Director to display any results in the Message window For example the the date function returns the current date according to the computer s system clock When you string these two elements together the result is the date displayed in the Message window In this task you will use put to examine Lingo elements EXERCISE 11 EXAMINING LINGO ELEMENTS Demo file 2 min Follow along 8S min Practice 5 min Steps 1 In the Message window type put the date and then press Enter You should see the date displayed in the Message window The the time function returns the current time according to the computer s
14. Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual Here and wherever you type a Lingo script you ll want to check the spelling carefully Director can t interpret Lingo commands that are misspelled or incorrectly punctuated You can however use any combination of uppercase and lowercase letters in your commands Director does not pay attention to case and would understand this command typed as beep BEEP or Beep To make it easier to enter commands correctly you can click the Alphabetical Lingo button or Categorized Lingo button in the Script window and choose from the lists that are displayed The Alphabetical Lingo button displays a list of all Lingo commands in alphabetical order The Categorized Lingo button displays the commands organized in categories When you select a command it is pasted into the Script window at the insertion point Because you don t need to type the command you are less likely to make typing and syntax errors The Lingo keyword me in the on mouseUp me line is a variable containing information supplied by Director about the current object For example the me variable could determine which element on the Stage was clicked to cause a script to run Director automatically supplies the me keyword in the default sprite and frame behaviors but its use is optional 13 Save your work as Button 1 in a Projects folder EXERCISE 9 TESTING A SCRIPT Demo file 2 min Follow along 8S min Practice 5 min
15. Multimedia Module DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il INTRO TO INTERACTIVITY WITH DIRECTOR INSTRUCTOR MANUAL For information and permission to use these training modules please contact Limell Lawson limell u arizona edu 520 621 6576 or Joe Brabant jbrabant u arizona edu 520 621 9490 Modules available on line at http mll arizona edu workshops shtml tutorialpdfs director2_Instructor pmd Last modified 03 05 02 DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS Instructor Setup Introduction Exercise 1 Film Loops Exercise 2 Tweening Exercise 3 Full Sequence with Reverse Path Create Down Motion Lecturette 1 Film Loops Part Exercise 4 To Create a Film Loop Lecturette 2 Film Loops Part II Exercise 5 More on Creating Film Loops Lecturette 3 Behaviors Part Exercise 6 Attaching Behaviors Lecturette 4 Behaviors Part II Exercise 7 Creating Behaviors Lecturette 5 Behaviors Part III Exercise 8 Creating a Simple Lingo Script Lecturette 6 Using the Message Window Exercise 10 Using the Message Window Lecturette 7 Examining Lingo Elements Exercise 11 Examining Lingo Elements Lecturette 8 Examining Types of Lingo Scripts Exercise 12 Creating Different Types of Scripts Lecturette 9 Creating Scripts Wrap Up Criterion Test Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona DIRECTOR
16. covered in the last few sections to help them on the job EXERCISE 8 CREATING A SIMPLE LINGO SCRIPT Demo file 2 min Follow along 3 min Practice 5 min Every Lingo script is attached to an element of a Director movie a sprite on the stage a member of the cast a frame of the score or the movie itself In this task you ll create a movie with a button cast member and then attach a script to that button Steps 1 Choose File gt New gt Movie Windows Ctrl N Macintosh Command N This opens a new Director Movie You need to do this only if you already have another movie open Choose Modify gt Movie gt Properties When the Property Inspector opens use the View Mode button to view the window in Graphics Mode In the Property Inspector window make sure that the stage size is set to 640 by 480 pixels and the stage location is set to Centered Also make sure that the default palette is set to the system palette for your system System Win for Windows and System Mac for the Macintosh Choose Modify gt Movie gt Properties When the Property Inspector opens use The View Mode button to view the window in Graphics Mode In the Property Inspector window make sure that the stage size is set to 640 by 480 pixels and the stage location is set to Centered Also make sure that the default palette is set to the system palette for your system System Win for Windows and System Mac for the Macintosh If the Stage Locati
17. ence copy make film loop techniques to create a complete sequence to play in only one frame LECTURETTE 3 BEHAVIORS PART I Many pre written behaviors scripts are available looking in Library Palette go to Window gt Library Palette Review the first ones you used in the Intro to Director Workshop Jump to Marker Button by creating a quick simple file that uses them with simple shapes and the use of Marker Labels If you attach a behavior from an included library of behaviors Director copies the behavior to an internal cast This prevents you from accidentally changing the original behavior To attach the same behavior to several sprites at once le Select the sprites on the Stage or in the Score and drag a behavior to any one of them To attach behaviors to sprites or frames using the Behavior Inspector 1 Choose Window gt Inspectors gt Behavior to open the Behavior Inspector 2 Select a sprite or frame 3 Choose a behavior from the Behavior pop up menu Director attaches the behavior you chose to the sprite or frame Note Some behaviors are written to work only when applied to either a sprite or a frame read the behavior descriptions to learn more Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual To change parameters for a behavior that is already attached to a
18. er that you can reposition the button sprite later if you want Type Beep in the Button Text field This names the button Note Director is preset to add new sprites to the score with a duration of 28 frames The length of the sprite isn t important in this task so you need not worry if your button spans a different number of frames If you want to have your score look the same as the illustrations choose File gt Preferences gt Sprite and make sure the span duration is set for 28 frames Select the button sprite in Channel 1 of the score and choose New Behavior from the Behavior pop up menu in the sprite toolbar You re creating a Sprite Script which affects only this sprite The Script Window appears already containing the Lingo commands on mouseUp me and end Whenever you create a Sprite Script these lines will already be entered in the Script window by default Type Beep in the Script window at the insertion point below on mouseUp Beep is a Lingo command that sounds a system beep on the computer This is how the script should look on mouseUp me EVERY HANDLER STARTS WITH THE WORD ON beep end EVERY HANDLER ENDS WITH THE WORD END Instructor Note Lecture the following information to the students These next few paragraphs do not appear in their User Manual Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona DIRECTOR 8 5 PART
19. hat displays an alert message whenever the mouse is clicked For the frame script to go into action the mouse doesn t have to be clicked on any particular object such as a button Try it out Play the movie and click the Beep button Because the cast script takes precedence over the frame script you see an alert box with the cast script message and the mouseUp handler in the frame script is not executed Click OK to dismiss the alert box and then click anywhere except on the Beep button You see an alert box with the frame script message This is because a mouseUp message was generated by the mouse click Even though the Beep button contains a handler for the mouseUp message you did not click the Beep button itself so that cast script is not executed because it never received the mouseUp message Sprites and casts receive the mouseUp message only if the sprite or cast member is the object being clicked Because Director can t find a sprite or cast script to handle the mouseUp message the message is sent up to the next level in the message order the frame script level Because you have a mouseUp handler in the frame script that handler is executed here Click OK to dismiss the alert box and then stop the movie Press Ctrl Shift U Windows or Command Shift U Macintosh to open a new movie script You can also open a new movie script by clicking an empty cast slot and then clicking the script button on Director s tool bar or choos
20. hich messages are sent to objects is as follows Messages are sent first to behaviors attached to a sprite involved in the event If a sprite has more than one behavior attached to it behaviors respond to the message in the order in which they were attached to the sprite Messages are next sent to a script attached to the cast member assigned to the sprite Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual Messages are then sent to behaviors attached to the current frame Messages are sent last to movie scripts When a message reaches a script that contains a handler corresponding to the message Director executes the handler s instructions After a handler intercepts a message the message doesn t automatically pass on to the remaining locations You can use the pass command to override this default rule and pass the message to other objects If no matching handler is found after the message passes to all possible locations Director ignores the message The exact order of objects to which Director sends a message depends on the message See the message s Lingo Dictionary entry for details about the sequence of objects to which Director sends specific messages Instructor Note At this point hand out the JOB AID to the students which contains some of the information just
21. idate Score data Film loops are especially helpful when you want to reduce the number of sprite channels you re using You can combine several Score channels into a film loop in a single channel Film loops are useful for animating repetitive motions and combining sprites to use fewer channels EXERCISE 4 TO CREATE A FILM LOOP Demo file 2 min Follow along 3 min Practice 5 min Steps 1 In the Score select the sprites you want to turn into a film loop Use sprites in as many channels as you need in film loops even in the sound channel Select sequences in all the channels you want to be part of the film loop You can select sprite fragments if you first select a sprite and choose Edit gt Edit Sprite Frames Control click Windows or Command click Macintosh to select sequences that aren t in adjacent channels 2 Choose Insert gt Film Loop you can also copy the selections to an empty cast member slot A dialog box appears asking you to name the film loop Enter a name for the film loop Something descriptive Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual LECTURETTE 2 FILM LOOPS PART 2 2 min Director stores all the Score data and cast member references as a new film loop cast member Note Drag a selection from the Score to the Cast window to quickl
22. ing Window gt Script Notice that the Script button for a movie script contains no default Lingo commands and that the title bar for the window identifies it as a movie script This is different than when you create a sprite script cast script or frame script Type the following and then close the window on mouseUp alert This is the movie script end You now have a mouseUp handler in the cast member script attached to the Beep button You have a mouseUp handler in the frame script attached to frame 1 You also have a mouseUp handler in the movie script Test the handlers 21 Play the movie and click the Beep button As expected the cast script message is displayed in the dialog box 22 Click OK to dismiss the dialog box and then click anywhere except on the Beep button According to the message order the frame script takes precedence over the movie script so the frame script message is displayed in the alert box and the mouseUp handler in the movie script is not executed Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona 23 DIRECTOR 8 5 PART II Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual Stop the movie You re going to clear the frame script to see how the mouseUp message is forwarded to the movies script Select the behavior channel frame 1 Then choose Clear All Behaviors from the Behaviors menu in the movie script Play the m
23. ing in score Demo the use of Center Current Frame button in the score window Demo score coloring of selected sprites The score should look like this Add a Hold on Current Frame behavior from the Library Palette to the last frame in the behavior script channel Play the movie again to see the result Notice in the Control Panel that the movie is still running even though the animation stops If you had sounds or script processes running they would continue even though the movie appears stopped Save As loopExercise dir to your computer drive The dot dir dir extension naming allows cross platform work Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual LECTURETTE 1 FILM LOOPS PART 1 2 min A film loop is an animated sequence that you can use like a single cast member For example to create an animation of a bird flying across the Stage you can create a film loop of the sequence of cast members that show the bird flapping its wings You create a sprite containing only the film loop and then animate it across as many frames as you need with the Paste Relative command When you run the animation the bird flaps its wings and at the same time moves across the Stage The first sprite ends here and the pasted sprite begins You can also use film loops to consol
24. l scripts A primary event script can be established as the first scripts or primary receiver of an event A primary event handler can inter cept the event generated when a user clicks the mouse or presses a key or when a specified amount of time has elapsed since the last mouse click or key press Can be invoked only by objects in the score You can assign a score RIEC script to a sprite or to a frame and it is available only when the sprite or frame is active in the movie FEAE Associated with a specific cast member A cast member script runs in Scripts response to an action affecting any sprite derived from that cast mem ber UOCE Pcg Are assigned to the entire movie ELICUR Cg Are the code framework or class for a Lingo object With the exception of Cast member scripts all scripts take up a slot in the Cast window Multiple sprites and frames can use the same score script Cast member scripts on the other hand cannot be shared among different cast members they are stored with the cast member and are accessed by clicking the Script button in the cast or in the Property Inspector You will learn how to edit a cast member script in later lessons You will use Score scripts Cast member scripts and Movie scripts while developing The rest of this section describes these script types in greater detail For more information about Primary event handlers and Parent scripts see the Learning Lingo manual included with Direct
25. le for a while for use in Lingo scripts When the user releases the mouse button this is a mouseUp event and Director sends a mouseUp message All actions performed through Lingo are triggered by events Lingo scripts can be thought of as a series of instructions to Director to execute specific actions in response to events in a movie Groups of instructions that relate to a specific event are called handlers because they handle messages issued as the result of events For instance in the script you just wrote you created a handler for the mouseUp event associated with the Beep button When the handler receives the mouseUp message it handles that message by sounding a beep In a Lingo Script every handler Begins with the word on followed by a message name Includes the series of actions to be taken when that event occurs Ends with the word end If a script includes several instructions Director executes the first instruction then the next one and so on until it reaches the end of the handler Here again is the script you just created on mouseUp me beep end Director automatically sends built in message names for most common events that occur in a movie For example Director sends a mouseDown message when you click the mouse button a mouseUp message when you release the mouse button a keyDown message when you press a key on the keyboard and an enterFrame message when the playback head enters a frame You can watch thi
26. ndow Director will run them immediately You will use the Message window often for creating testing and debugging your Lingo scripts LECTURETTE 7 EXAMINING LINGO ELEMENTS The instructions included in a Lingo handler consist of a combination of elements that are like words in an English sentence The elements can be categorized according to what they do and rules determine how they can be combined All Lingo elements are defined in the Lingo Dictio nary section of Director s on line Help structs the playback head to branch to a specified frame uu EUEN Tell a movie to do something For example go to in Return a value For example date returns the current date as set in the computer For example all Lingo properties and many sprite prop erties and functions require that the keyword the pre cede the primary name This keyword distinguishes the Reserved words that have a special meaning in Lingo property name from a variable or object name Attributes of an object For example the colorDepth is a ace PCULEES property of the computer s monitor Properties may also be expressed with dot syntax as in sprite 4 visible where the property is associated with the object by a period or dot Terms that change or compare one or more values For foyey Ve 1e e mm example the gt operator compares greater and lesser values and the operator adds values Elements that don t change For example TRU
27. on pull down menu seems to have no effect try selecting Center and then choosing View gt Standard View Windows Ctrl Alt 0 Macintosh Command Option 0 or View gt Restore View The Keyboard shortcut for normalizing the stage Windows Ctrl Alt 0 Macintosh Command Option 0 is handy to remember if part of the canvas appears around the stage and you don t want to see it or if you need to center the stage in the Stage window Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual Control gt Loop Playback to make sure the Loop Playback command is checked Windows Ctrl Alt L Macintosh Command Option L When the Loop Playback command is checked the playback head returns to frame 1 when it reaches the end of the last sprite in the score The movie will continue to loop until you stop it Open the score and select Channel 1 Frame 1 If you don t see the sprite toolbar at the top of the Score window choose View gt Sprite Toolbar Windows Ctrl Shift H Macintosh Shift Command H Open the tool palette by choosing Window gt Tool Palette Windows Ctrl 7 Macintosh Commandt 7 Click the Button Tool in the tool palette Click the Stage where you want to place the button A button appears where you click with a blinking insertion point indicating where you can type the button name Rememb
28. or Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual There are two types of Score scripts Sprite scripts and Frame scripts Sprite scripts like the one you created earlier for the Beep button are assigned to a sprite in the score If you need to control a cast member s actions for only a short time or only in a particular section of the score or only in one particular instance of that cast member on the stage create a Sprite script A single sprite can have multiple sprite scripts Frame scripts are assigned to a specific frame in the score Use Frame scripts to create handlers that you want always available at an individual frame or to control the playback head without requiring input from the user A frequent use of a Frame script is to keep the playback head paused in a frame until a specific event Such as a button click occurs A frame can have only a single frame script Cast member scripts are assigned to a cast member Assigning a script to a cast member is useful when you want the cast member always to execute the same Lingo code regardless of where the cast member appears in the score If you are creating something like a Return to Main Menu button that always performs the same action create a Cast member script A cast member can have only a single script Movie scripts
29. ovie and click the Beep Button The cast script messages is displayed in the alert box Click Ok to dismiss the alert box and then click anywhere except on the Beep button Because you removed the frame script the mouseUp message is sent to the next level in the message order and you see the movie script message 27 Stop the movie LECTURETTE 9 CREATING SCRIPTS WRAP UP As you can probably guess if a script is not working correctly you can track the message through the message order and you may be able to find the problem that way Understanding message order can be very important when you are debugging scripts It s also useful for creating scripts that temporarily override other scripts as you ve just seen this task For example you could create a cast member script for a button that usually performs one action and also create a sprite script for the button so it performs differently in some cases Look at the Cast window one more time and you will see evidence of the four scripts you have created The cast members in cast slot 1 is the button cast member and the icon at the lower left indicates that there is a cast script attached to it The next two cast members are the scripts that you created for the sprite and the frame The cog icon at the bottom of these two cast members indicates that they are behaviors and that they can be attached to sprites and frames The cast member in cast slot 4 is the movie script and has an icon at
30. r The result should be 10 Try another operator Type put 5 lt 9 in the Message window and press Enter The result is 1 or TRUE Remember that 1 represents True and 0 represents FALSE Type put 5 gt 9 in the Message window and press Enter The result is 0 or FALSE Remember that TRUE and FALSE are constants and their values never change Type put TRUE in the Message window and press Enter The result is 1 because TRUE is a constant value and always equals 1 9 Close the message window You ve just used the Message window to see how various Lingo elements work This window is a great tool for testing Lingo commands and functions to see how they work before you add them to your scripts Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual LECTURETTE 8 EXAMINING TYPES OF LINGO SCRIPTS You can write several types of Lingo scripts The type of script you choose to write depends on a combination of factors Where you store the script The object for example a sprite or a cast member to which you assign the script Where you want the script to be available for example within a single frame or throughout the movie Here s a brief overview of the types of scripts you can write More often called primary event handlers are overriding assume lnr a AALg contro
31. s event occurrence and message sending process by using the Message window EXERCISE 10 USING THE MESSAGE WINDOW Follow along 3 min Practice 5 min Steps 1 Choose Window gt Message Windows Ctrl M Macintosh Command M The message window will appear Turn on the Trace function by clicking the Trace button When Trace is on the Message window displays messages and scripts as the movie plays Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual Rewind and play the movie Then click the Beep button you created When you click the button on the stage the Message window displays the messages Director sends and the lines of the script it executes The lines in the Message window pre ceded by indicate Director messages that are generated automatically The lines preceded by gt are the lines in the mouseUp handler you created The actual content in your Message window may differ from what is shown here but it should include Handler mouseUp beep and end Click the Trace button to turn off tracing When left on the Trace feature dramatically slows the speed of the movie In addition to seeing the messages Director is sending you can use the Message window to talk to Director yourself using Lingo You can test commands by typing them directly in the Message wi
32. script for the Beep button In the Cast window select the Beep button cast member 1 Then click the Cast Member Script button The Script window appears already containing the Lingo command on mouseUp and end Whenever you create a cast script these lines appear in the Script window Recall that these lines are also displayed whenever you create a sprite script Tip With a cast member selected you can also create a cast member script by choosing Modify gt Cast Member gt Script Windows Ctrl Macintosh Commandt or by clicking the Script button on the toolbar Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual Create the handler shown here and then close the Script window On mouseUp me Alert This is the cast script End Take a look at the Cast window and you will see that there is no new cast member That s because cast member scripts are included within the cast member to which the script is attached You can tell when a cast member has a script by the script icon at the lower left of the cast member s thumbnail Now you have a mouseUp handler in both the sprite script attached to the Beep button and the cast script attached to the Beep button According to the message order listed previously the mouseUp handler in the sprite script should take precedence
33. st modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona
34. system clock Check it out Type put the time in the Message window and then press Enter You should see the time displayed in the Message window Properties return information about specific items For instance you can use properties to get information about the background color of a sprite the cast member number of a sprite in a particular channel or the last frame of a movie You will next try using the the colorDepth property of the computer monitor which returns the current color depth setting 3 Type put the colorDepth in the Message window and then press Enter The result should be 8 Assuming your monitor is set to 8 bit color The the loc of sprite property determines the coordinates loc is short for location of the specified sprite The coordinate value is returned as appoint X Y where X is the horizontal location and Y is the vertical location Earlier you created a button called Beep and placed it in channel 1 frame 1 You can use the the loc of sprite property to get that button s location 4 Type put the loc of sprite 1 in the Message window and then press Enter The result is the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the button for example the point 181 293 Your result will likely be different because your button is probably in a different location Operators compare or change values The operator adds two numbers together as you will see next 5 Type put 5 5 in the Message window and then press Ente
35. the bottom right that designates it as such You can t attach a movies script to a sprite or a frame even though as in this example the scripts are nearly identical You can however use the Property Inspector to change a movie script to a non movie script at which point you can attach it to a sprite ora frame Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona 24 DIRECTOR 8 5 PART Il Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual CRITERION TEST 20 minutes Instructor Note Instruct the students to turn to the last page of their User s Manuals Inform the students they have 20 minutes to complete the Criterion Test which should be more than enough time At the end of the time allowed check the students final products to ensure they have passed successfully 4 minutes Construct a Director movie where there are 4 labeled sections with marker labels on each Put text in each to identify it 6 minutes The initial menu screen will have 4 choices Create 4 simple buttons on this first screen Put a hold on current frame behavior in the script channel for this screen 10 minutes Demonstrate the use of 3 of the 4 types of scripts to navigate to each section of the movie Provide a way to get back to the men cast script sprite script frame script and movie script Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 La
36. way through the pass and stopEvent commands for you to override the message Parent scripts for the objects are not part of the message order Consult the Using Director manual that comes with Director for a comprehensive discussion of messages and message order For beginning Lingo programmers it s important to understand that a movie can contain many handlers with the same name Your project design how you assign scripts determines which version of a handler runs It is common for a movie to have many different on mouseUp handlers For example each on mouseUp handler might be attached to a different sprite in the score and other on mouseUp handlers might be assigned to cast members Which on mouseUp handler actually runs depends on when and where a user clicks Filename director2_Instructor pmd Copyright Arizona Board of Regents 2002 Last modified 03 05 02 University of Arizona 20 DIRECTOR 8 5 PART II Intro to Interactivity with Director Instructor Manual EXERCISE 12 CREATING DIFFERENT TYPES OF SCRIPTS Demo file 5 min Follow along 5 min Practice 20min In this task you will continue work on the Beep button you started earlier by creating four types of scripts a sprite script cast member script frame script and movie script You will then test these scripts to observe how the message order affects which script runs As you work through these steps you will notice that Director sometimes gives you a head start
37. y create a film loop cast member in that position If you delete any cast member used in the film loop from the Cast window Director can t run the film loop You can edit or reposition the cast members in the Cast window but the cast members in the film loop must remain in the same cast for the film loop to work A film loop behaves just like any other cast member with a few exceptions When you step through an animation that contains a film loop either by using Step Forward or Step Backward or by dragging the playback head in the Score the film loop doesn t animate Animation occurs only when the movie is running You can t apply ink effects to a film loop If you want to use ink effects with a film loop you need to apply them to the sprites that make up the animation before you turn the animation into a film loop Lengthening or shortening a sprite containing a film loop doesn t affect how fast the film loop plays It changes the number of times the film loop cycles Director provides three other ways of incorporating a completed animation into a movie as a discrete element you can export it as a digital video QuickTime or AVI or save it as a dir file and import it as a linked Director movie or play it in a window in another Director movie Note If you need to edit a film loop that you ve deleted the original Score data it was based on it s possible to restore the Score data for editing Copy the film loop cast member
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