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Biscayne Bay Salinity 2009–2010 Report

1. Legend Figure 4 1 1 Dry and wet season performance measures PM The performance measure for Biscayne Bay during the dry season is to have an estuarine zone stretching from the shoreline to 250 m offshore and 500 m during the wet season An estimated average daily canal flow rate of 1 051 cfs is required to meet the wet season target and an average estimated daily canal flow rate of 346 cfs is required to meet the dry season target Meeder er al 2001 Although an estuarine zone has been produced in Biscayne Bay every wet season since this project began the size shape and extent of this zone vary depending on the Central amp Southern Florida Project C amp SF Project system canal operations local flow meteorological and hydrographic conditions Appendix V contains figures illustrating estuarine zones based on measured salinities for water years 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 and 2008 2009 Months containing an estuarine zone 0 20 psu for water year 2009 2010 are shown in Figures 4 1 2 to 4 1 9 Months displaying no estuarine zone above 20 psu based on measured salinity criteria are not shown 22 Figure 4 1 2 Estuarine Zone area meeting green area 20 psu in December 2009 Figure 4 1 3 Estuarine Zone area meeting CERP PM green area lt 20 psu in April 2010 Figure 4 1 4 Estuarine Zone area meeting CERP PM gree
2. Monthly Average Monty Salty psu Mm su m E DES E 20 25 E 35 30 E so Sampling Locations D3 cmas m ree pee PEL Zp PETNI Z Figure 3 3 1 1 Interpolated average salinity for Biscayne Bay between November 2009 and May 2010 Data from 38 sites was used in this interpolation The data was collected in 15 minute intervals and then averaged for the entire period Plots show isohaline contours and salinity by data range Legend Wet Season 2010 Season 2010 Average Monthy Average Monthy M psu su a 15 5 10 10 15 15 20 21 25 25 30 91 35 35 40 Sampling Locations WS caas 9 Figure 3 3 2 1 Interpolated average wet season salinity in Biscayne Bay between June 2010 and October 2010 Data from 44 sites was used in this interpolation The data was collected in 15 minute intervals and then averaged for the entire period Plots show isohaline contours and salinity by data range 19 The annual 2010 variance is presented in Figure 3 3 1 was unusual in the development of a high tes in the center of the Bay during the wet season These salinity zone in the benth about 6 7 feet deep 2m Variance in the new sites represents that same pattern as before with the south o
3. 3 Select station and 2 Select linear 5 Select beginning and interpolation drift datatype ending date ee pe p H s 9 Under Chart yn select no 1 Select Estimation Linear Interpolation write in sop for standard operating 11 Change Really to procedure yes and click Submit 10 Select no and submit double check to make sure values are correct 6 Validation of the data In the EVER webpage select Data Validation Form Enter the beginning date of the cycle Enter the ending date but 1 day before the ending date of the cycle Under station datatype select the one to be validated temperature depth and conductivity Under chart select yes Click on submit Review the chart to make sure the data is correct On the bottom screen select validate Check mark the column validated on the Site Data Validation Form a 6 Select beginning 77 and ending time E 7 Select fist value and last value 8 Under Notes Appendix 37 DaraForFVER Microsoft Internet O O erem R ZT ihe day died gun before the end of RE ce h Mn 2 Enter beginning date of cycle 4 Select station and Site
4. Appendix I 6 Table 3 Summary statistics for discontinued paired sites salinity in psu Site n Avg Min Median Max Range sD 22 151734 2191 Ti 2187 4351 424 79 036 24 154627 2335 0 51 2325 4467 4417 736 0 34 28 161370 2214 0 01 2208 44 5 44 5 8 1 037 30 155131 2266 061 2249 4494 4433 79 035 40 162723 2144 o 2097 45 56 45 56 84 039 42 152649 2145 119 2103 4622 45 03 817 038 5o 146900 2453 115 24 19 45 54 4439 779 0 32 52 154224 2478 0 34 2437 25 09 4475 7 18 0 29 56 164411 2611 131 26 63 4659 4528 76 029 58 155389 26 24 048 2642 4528 448 733 028 Appendix 1 7 Figure 3 Northern Biscayne Bay sites as part of cooperative arrangement with DERM ao hk EE Monitoring Nase E Appendix 1 8 Figure 4 Graphic depicting focus of revised network on areas of expected change Salinity difference Base OREPOST Appendix 1 9 Appendix QA QC Plan Appendix II 1 QA QC Plan Biscayne Bay Salinity Monitoring Network Data Collection Verification and Validation 2011 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Table of Contents 1 0 Introduction 2 0 Statement of Project Purpose and Approach 2 1 Purpose 2 2 Approach 2 2 1 Location 2 22 Deployment 3 0 Calibration Procedures and Frequency 3 1 Instrument Calibration 3 1 1 Te
5. datatype ito End Date TER ios Dali 18054 Conder OT C Station Aas eran e s Under chart yn select Ein Data nea ion Datatype er 6 Click on submit m Wate gres id Grace Project Viewer Water sity Tests New 1 06 13 06 08 50 1 Select Data Validation Form Press ight button then Sue Link to transmit Grace oen For more taraen sist T data is good click Validate 5 54 Validate o 2008 03 02 Pata Validation Constant Steet VI IMPORTANT THINGS TO BE CAREFUL ABOUT 1 Never delete a raw data file Even if you know for a fact the data is bad The raw data files are the text files or dat files that are directly downloaded off the data sonde Bad data files include any file that you are not going to use because it has unreadable data data known bad data and sondes that were may have been mislabeled by site with some other form of questionable data While the datafiles are deleted off of the sondes they are saved on the computer in the 000 folder If the YSI datasonde is mislabeled and dropped off at the wrong site the filename on the YSI needs to be downloaded then renamed to the correct site it was left at However the incorrect name will still remain in the YSI datasonde memory When working on the Everglad
6. 46 6600 AD 96 6600 03J 0543 AB 48 6600 05 1753 97 6600 49 6600 98 6600 51 6600 99 6600 031 0611 52 6600 AD 100 6600 53 6600 101 6600 54 6600 05 1028 DO 6600 56 6600 DI 6600 031 0675 57 6600 02 6600 59 6600 05 1466 AB D4 6600 03H 2003 60 6600 AC 05 6600 61 6600 0511798 06 6600 03L 0206 63 6600 07 6600 AD 65 6600 AD 08 6600 66 6600 05 1747 09 6600 0310335 67 6600 051 1578 0 6600 68 6600 1 6600 0310420 69 6600 TER 6600 71 6600 AD 6600 14346 73 6600 4 6600 AD 76 6600 051 1798 ts 6600 04H 14776 77 6600 78 6600 Appendix II 26 Data Sonde ID Sonde Serial Number Number Type 07F 101923 E6 6600 7 101924 E7 6600 O7F 101925 6600 07F 101926 E9 6600 7 101927 FO 6600 07G 100351 F1 6600V2 4 07G 100352 F2 6600V2 4 071101519 F3 6600V2 4 09 101739 F4 6600V2 4 091101740 5 6600V2 4 097 101741 F6 6600V2 4 09 101574 F7 6600V2 4 09 101575 F8 6600V2 4 09 101576 F9 6600V2 4 091 101577 60 6600 2 4 101 100053 6600 2 4 10 100054 62 6600 2 4 Month Naming Convention January A July G February August March September April October J May E November June F December
7. RETRIEVAL AND DEPLOYMENT OF BISCAYNE YSI INSTRUMENTS Date Field Techs Station Instrument Type 6000 6600 600XLM Instrument ID Deployed EST Instrument ID Retrieved EST Conditions at Deployment Conditions upon Retrieval Air Temp Air Temp Barometric Pressure Barometric Pressure Est Wave Height ft Est Wave Height tt Wind Direction Wind Direction Wind Speed Wind Speed k NOTES Air temperature barometric pressure and wind direction and speed measurements will be taken with a hand held weather instrument This information will be entered Figure 4 1 1 Field data sheet 42 Laboratory Quality Control Checks The lab technician is responsible for checking the field log for discrepancies in deployment or retrieval procedures upon downloading the data It is also necessary to monitor individual instrument response documented in the calibration and or maintenance logbook should such problems arise The procedures for post calibration check are the same as the calibration procedures shown in Appendix B Post calibration procedures are performed after data is downloaded Any variance is recorded on the original calibration sheet to show possible drift in the collected data If a problem is Appendix II 12 found during post calibration and cannot be resolved by the lab technician the instrument will removed from use and serviced
8. Appendix II 27 AppendixE Methods for Data Management able of Contents 1 Introduction Definitions Map of sites IV Steps for completing the Site Data Validation Forms Steps for importing data into server 1 Loading data 2 Creating graphs 3 Missing data blocks 4 Inserting null values 5 Calibrating data 6 Validating data VI Important things to be careful about VIL Troubleshooting Directory of folders and files Appendix II 28 1 INTRODUCTION There have been several changes that have been proposed and implemented to the newer datasets that will eventually be adapted to the older datasets in order to improve accuracy of the data Most of these changes are related to how the data was managed and altered after downloading The aim of organizing the data is to create a complete dataset covering a complete calendar year The first step involved with the data is to download the data in a text file The reason for this is the data is ready to be uploaded directly on the DataForEver Database without any changes in the data avoiding the potential of additional errors At this point the data that was recorded before and after the sonde was deployed is deleted Data is kept on the sonde until less than 120 days of the memory is remaining and then data is deleted after careful check of the downloaded data Each text file corresponds to one deployment and is uploaded the ForEver Database The data from th
9. Appendix II 8 3 1 Instrument calibration The sensor is placed in the same calibration standard used to calibrate the instrument Appendix B Temperature specific conductivity depth and battery voltage are recorded onto the calibration sheet which is later entered into the computer and associated with that particular filename and site Cell constants are also reviewed to make sure they fall within the range of acceptability 5 0 0 5 Cell constants are recorded on the calibration sheet to track when sensors need to be replaced Figure 3 1 Sondes are calibrated with the 50 mS cm standard as a single point with a zero check on deionized distilled water from a Millipore Direct Q Water Filtration System with a conductivity of 0 0 mS cm The 50 mS cm standard is used because it is closer to the majority of salinity values that occur in the ecosystem and linearity is assured using the zero check YSI specifications are that the conductivity sensor used is linear to 70 psu Appendices amp D Post calibration is done twice once prior to the meter being cleaned of biofouling and then once after the meter has been cleaned The meter is then recalibrated and if necessary set up to record for the next set of sit Figure 3 1 Calibration data sheet Appendix II 9 3 1 1 Temperature The temperature probe is checked during calibration using a laboratory tracea
10. MER b Horizonta oyment of instrument Vertical deployment of instrument Figure 2 2 1 Deployment of YSI meter 2 3 Calibration and Data Collection The YSI Environmental 6600 Series instruments are calibrated after each retrieval This is done twice first as a dirty post calibration and second after being cleaned prior to being sent into the field During calibration the temperature and specific conductivity of the seawater standard are used to calibrate the instrument are recorded Once calibrated the instrument is set up in unattended mode with the file name corresponding to site number instrument number and date of deployment Specific calibration procedures are described below The retrieved meters are brought back to the lab for uploading data and post calibration The sensor is placed in the same conductivity standard used to calibrate the instrument Temperature specific conductivity depth and battery levels are recorded onto the calibration sheet which is later entered into the computer and associated with that particular filename and site Cell constants are also reviewed and noted on the calibration sheet to ensure there was no instrument sensor variation between calibrations Post calibration is done twice once prior to the meter being cleaned of biofouling and then once the meter has been cleaned The meter is then recalibrated and if necessary set up to record for the next set of sites For additional detai
11. Create graph to make sure data was entered correctly In the EVER webpage select Output Merged Datasets Select the station and submit Select the station datatype one by one temperature depth and conductivity Enter beginning and ending date Under aggregate level select real time Under output medium select gracechart and submit Check mark the column graph on the Site Data Validation Form 3 Select Station Datatype and click Add ertet Da EI 4 Select submit v 2 Select station and tem E 5 Select beginning date Foes res ending date 1 Select Output Merged iw Lest ET 6 Select Real 7 Select Gracechart 4 Click Submit Chee if there are any gaps in the data In the EVER webpage select Missing Data Blocks Select the station datatype Enter the beginning and ending date Under count per day enter 96 there are 96 fifteen minute intervals in a day Click submit this will list off the number of blocks in the data There should only be one if there is more than one then there is a gap in the data and you need to add in null measurement Appendix II 34 2 Select Station Name and Missing Dats Blocks 3 Select Beginning Fra Date 25 amar SNumberot excu 07
12. INSTRUMENT DEPLOYMENT Tf sonde unit passes all checks assign it to the next deployment station to replace an instrument of similar type Use Ecowatch to open menu screen for unattended sampling Select 4 Status and select Date and Time Check time against atomic clock Update if necessary Select 1 Interval and enter 00 15 00 15 minutes Select 2 Start Date to set the date that data will begin to log to sonde memory Select 3 Start Time to set the time that data will begin to log to sonde memory Select 4 Duration days 365 Select 5 File and enter the file name using the following data file format LLNNMDDY Where LLNN is the station identifier Site Location and YSI Instrument Number Select 6 Site and enter site number Select 7 Battery to make sure that the voltage is suitable for the length of the study Make sure you select C Start Logging to accept your entries and start sonde Figure 6 Example of Calibration Checklist for YSI 6600 instruments 3 3 Data Entry Evaluation and Validation Several protocols have been applied to the datasets in order to improve accuracy and eliminate the potential for errors Most of these changes are related to how the data is managed and altered after downloading The aim of organizing the data is to create a complete dataset that spans complete calendar year Appendix V 11 3 3 1 Data
13. BE 10 15 1 2 2 25 ms B R 5 0 25 20 25 5 40 gt Sampling locations Canals 8 3 A y Appendix IV Figure 3 2 4 Interpolated average salinity in Biscayne Bay for February 2010 Data from 32 sites was used in this interpolation The data was collected in 15 minute intervals and then averaged for the entire month Appendix 5 Legend March 2010 March 2010 Average Monthly Average Monthly Sainity psu Sann psu 3 5 17 35 g 3 Sampling locations Canals Appendix IV Figure 3 2 5 Interpolated average salinity in Biscayne Bay March 2010 Data from 33 sites was used in this interpolation The data was collected in 15 minute intervals and then averaged for the entire month Appendix 6 Legend April 2010 April 2010 Average Monthly Average Monthly Salinity psu Salinity psu 15 Sampling locations anels Appendix Figure 3 2 6 Interpolated average salinity in Biscayne Bay for April 2010 Data from 32 sites was used in this interpolation The data was collected in 15 minute intervals and then averaged for the entire month Appendix 7 Legend May 2010 May 2010 Average Monthy Average Monthy Salinity Seliniy psu b 5 7 8 1 23 5 Sampling locations
14. Monitoring Network B Table 3 Salinity Site Averages by Wet Dry Seasons and Water Year and Standard Deviation 16 Table 4 1 1 Estuarine areas in acres month for the period of record 2004 2009 This information has been derived from interpolations using ArcGIS 26 Table 4 1 Estimated Average Monthly Canal Discharge in thousand acre feet Kaf summed for S20F 206 S214 S21 and 5123 27 Table 4 1 3 Statistical summary of BISC Salinity Monitoring Program psu 2004 2009 for Manatee Bay and Barnes Sound 29 List of Appendices Appendix I Biscayne Bay Nearshore Salinity Monitoring Network Optimization 119 Appendix ATT 1 143 Appendix ITE TIL 1 13 Appendix IV Estuarine Zones 1 9 Appendix V Implementation 1 13 vi 1 0 Introduction l l Introduction and Background This document is the annual report on salinity in Biscayne Bay Florida for 2010 This project is part of the Southern Coastal Systems Module of RECOVER for the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan CERP Monitoring and Assessment Plan MAP program This report covers the water year 2009 2010 and provides trends for the period 2004 2010 for Biscayne Bay Card Sound Barnes Sound and Manatee Bay This report also evaluates restoration targets for Biscayne Bay and Manatee Bay Biscayne Bay is the largest estuary on the southeast coast of Florida comprising 428 square miles Average natu
15. in April 2010 Estuarine Zone area meeting CERP PM green area 20 psu in May 2010 Estuarine Zone area meeting CERP PM green area 20 psu in June 2010 Estuarine Zone area meeting CERP PM green area 20 psu in July 2010 Estuarine Zone area meeting CERP PM green area 20 psu in August 2010 Estuarine Zone area meeting CERP PM green area lt 20 psu in September 2010 Estuarine Zone area meeting CERP PM green area lt 20 psu in October 2010 iv 18 19 20 21 23 23 23 23 24 Figure 4 1 6 Figure 412 1 Figure 412 2 Figure 4 1 2 3 2 Estimated actual area of salinity below 20 psu vs CERP performance measure estuarine area in acres b Canal Discharge in CFS to show the relationship between discharge and salinity response Salinity Minimum Maximum and Median in psu for Manatee Bay amp Barnes Sound 2004 2010 showing that the area does not meet salinity PM for this area Manatee Bay Performance Measure November 2009 October 2010 Barnes Sound Performance Measure November 2009 October 2010 30 31 List of Tables Table 2 1 1 Listing of all sites with GPS coordinates and location relative to the water column 6 Table 2 1 1 Shes Period of Record 7 Table 3 1 1 1 Monthly average salinity in psu for all sites in the Salinity Monitoring Network Table 3 2 1 Salinity summary statistics psu by month for all sites in the Salinity
16. raies upan Pressure fn rer Pressure Est Wave eg 0t Es Wave Hoot Wind Docet Mind rector Wind Wind Spoed n notes Figure 5 Retrieval and Deployment Data Sheet 3 2 Field and Laboratory Quality Control Checks Quality control procedure are those steps taken by laboratory and field staff to insure accurac in data collection and reliability of the data itself Appendix V 9 32 1 Field Quality Control Checks Quality control checks performed in the field are the following 1 Field sheets are used to record which sonde is being deployed and which sonde is being retrieved Each sonde has a unique identification number displayed on the exterior in black marker corresponding to a unique YSI serial number These sheets are then placed in the field logbook The format used for this data sheet is shown in Figure 5 2 Field technicians are to verbally confirm sonde identification upon deployment and retrieval to another field technician in the boat who records this on a field sheet tape indicating the date of calibration and site of deployment is also attached to each instrument handle bail 3 Sondes are dual deployed for a minimum of four readings or 1 hour in order to have simultaneous data four concurrent samples recorded at each site For each deployment before leaving the lab field technicians check the clock in the lab
17. 01 25 11 14 21 41 17 69 10 46 0 635 11 0 512 Graphing Data Once data is uploaded to the database data is graphed inside the DataForEver Database to help identify errors Each sampling event is graphed and there is a graph for each of the major variables including temperature salinity specific conductivity and depth versus time The graphs produced from this step are used later for data interpolation In addition the graphs allow for easy detection of data points recorded prior to actual deployment that were not deleted in the first step Any data errors and obvious data problems can then be seen in this step Any errors including battery failure or incorrect depth reading indicate that the data must be viewed much more closely This could be seen for example if a top instrument falls out of the buoy and onto the bay floor then the depth will dramatically increase and so this information can then be deleted in the data validation step Since the data are generally consistent these errors can usually be seen and fixed easily changes that are made to the data based on the graphs are made in the database allowing us to keep track of changes that are made to the raw data In this database any malfunction of the probes is also noted even if the data cannot be fixed in this case the data is removed from final approved dataset and null values inserted All Raw data and changes made to it are maintained in the database along wi
18. 28 40 56 62 B6 B8 C2 followed by the sites the next furthest distance offshore Sites north of Convoy Point are different from those in the southern sounds The southern sounds Site 20 at the Turkey Point channel headpin and south not including Caesar s Creek site 10 exhibit much higher overall salinity and much lower variation than stations to the north Along the mangrove sites salinity variation is higher in sites remote from canal mouths than in sites presumably directly affected by canal inflow from major canals The lowest average salinity in the data set occurs between Black Point and Princeton Canal Seasonal salinity differences can be observed to some extent at all sampling sites with nearshore sites exhibiting the greatest variability between seasons Wet season salinity values vary the most with the largest va curring at sites located near the coastline Offshore salinity measurements are less influenced by freshwater input and vary only slightly between seasons Eight months met the estuarine restoration criteria of CERP in Biscayne Bay ions ox ii Table of Contents Abstract List of Figures List of Tables List of Appendices 1 0 Introduction 1 1 Background 2 0 Methods 2 1 Sampling Overview 2 2 Location and Deployment 2 3 Calibration and Data Collection 2 4 Data Downloading and Post Calibration 3 0 Data Analysis and Results 3 1 Annual Results 32 Monthly Summaries 3 3 Water Yea
19. 3 and portions of 5 and 7 This area of high density sites runs South to North from C 103 to Deering Estate There are twenty sites in these mangrove zones which are expected to be the first area affected by changes in freshwater delivery to the bay Twenty four sites are located in the central area of the bay Sites were also chosen based on their proximity to special interest areas such as Black Point Turkey Point Barnes Sound and Manatee Bay These areas have special characteristics related to their hydrology and proximity to key environmental concerns or changes in water flow Some of these sites were added in response to the need to overlap with biological sampling in the respective area location which are retrieved tri weekly sites are divided into 8 zones based on geographic The new sampling design is expected to provide data to better assess downstream effects of the Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands BBCW Project on nearshore salinity regimes The new design also provides continuous salinity data to Biscayne Bay modeling efforts The new site locations are intended to fill spatial data gaps in the network and capture salinity conditions at select sites This will allow better definition of salinity in the nearshore mangrove sites The optimization of monitoring locations was carried out from May 2010 through July 2010 Sites that were set to be terminated were ended by double deploying a newly calibrated sonde with the pr
20. 80 307 Bottom Horizontal 02 2561678 803013 Bonom Horizontal D4 2561767 80 2908 Bottom Horizontal D6 2560097 802974 Bottom Horizontal DS 2547061 80 206 Bottom Horizontal on relative to the water column Appendix II 6 2 2 2 Deployment Instruments are primarily deployed horizontally on a concrete paver on the bay bottom fitted with two eyebolts Figure 2 2 2 1 Three bottom instruments are deployed vertically Both benthic deployment types allow instruments to collect data at the same depth above the bottom Figure 2 2 2 2 amp b Three of the 47 sites within the bay also acquire readings approximately 0 25 meters below water surface via instruments placed within 0 S Coast Guard permitted surface buoy Figure 2 2 2 2a This configuration allows for the simultaneous deployment of two instruments taking overlapping readings These overlapping readings are then used in QA QC analysis of the data The buoys used in this deployment type are specifically designed for this application and are made by modifying a normal can buoy incorporating two tubes of PVC pipe approximately four inches in diameter running the height of the buoy The tops of these PVC pipes are fitted with PVC caps which are drilled and set with eyebolts from which small link stainless steel chain is hung From the chain using a snap shackle for ease the 6600 meters are attached and hung at a consistent depth of approximately 0 25 m
21. Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan Project Management Plan Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands Final U S Army Corp of Engineers South Florida Water Management District West Palm Beach FL Christian J J F Meeder and Renshaw 2004 Nearshore epibenthic vegetative cover in southern Biscayne Bay Report to the South Florida Water Management District West Palm Beach Southeastern Environmental Research Program Florida International University Miami Florida 60 p appendices Gaiser E and M S Ross 2004 Water flow through coastal wetlands Annual report to Everglades National Park Southeast Environmental Research Center Florida International University Miami Fl 59 pp figs Gaiser E A Zafiris P L Ruiz F A C Tobias and M S Ross 2006 Tracking rates of ecotone migration due to salt water encroachment using fossil mollusks in coastal South Florida Hydrobiologia 2006 569 237 257 Hall A 2010 Operations Report of the Souther Miami Dade Seasonal Operations for October 2009 through April 2010 Report to the South Florida Water Management District West Palm Beach FL 40pp Journel A G and CH J Huijbregts 1981 Mining Geostatistics Academic Press Kohout F A and Kolipinski M C 1967 Biological zonation related to groundwater discharge along the shore of Biscayne Bay Miami Florida Pp 488 499 n Estuaries American Association for the Advancement of Science Publ No 83 Kushlan
22. Excel Sheets sheets that contain the data from the raw data files RAWater Quality Water Quality Group SalintyProjectInfo Data WQ_YSI_20 excel 7 Access files are spreadsheets that contain calibration and field data in the access form RAWater Quality Water Quality Group SalinityProjectInfo Data WQ_YSI_20 8 The sigmaplot graphs are located in the folder graphs R Water Quality Water Quality Group SalinityProjectInfo Data WQ_YSI_20 Graphs Cvs sheets Files calibration sheets are stored in the calibration folder a The calibration sheets are stored in RAWater Quality Water Quality Group SalinityProjectInfo Data WQ_YSI_20 Calibration Data Entry b The cvs files are stored in R Water Quality Water Quality Group SalinityProjectInfo Data WQ_YSI_20 Calibration Appendix II 40 Appendix Data Error Categories Data Error Categories Error categories are developed from observations of an earlier salinity sampling program run for the Army Corps of Engineers ACOE by BISC in the middle 19907 and from observation of the existing program Most errors are from the earlier sampling project and the existing sampling system has been designed to remove these sources of error as much as possible Machine Error Possible machine errors include the following 1 Instruments losing battery power before being retrieved 2 Low battery power resulting in occasional loss of measurements or intermittent measurements 3 Shifts in sa
23. Figures 4 1 2 and 4 1 5 Eight months had an estuarine area in 2010 and three in 2009 The year 2010 had bigger canal discharge than 2009 For example the April 2009 canal discharge increased from 0 76 to 31 89 Kaf in April 2010 Table 4 1 2 This is the first year when estuarine zones developed in April and May Table 4 1 1 There were estuarine zones every month between April 2010 and November 2010 This is likely due to a combination of a dry period and altered operations for the C amp SF Project canals in South Miami Dade County 25 Table 4 1 1 Estuarine areas in acres by month for the period of record 2004 2010 This formation has been derived from interpolations using ArcGIS v Es Area of Salir 730 Difference Area of Sb peu Average Monthly Canal Dis sw aeres Petorinance Target summed S20F 5206 S218 S TIT sus Em Spicer peteber November Deceuiber ETE Segeember gt october November 7 December 2006 Jana Ana october November December 7 007 T Detaber November December 7 ra 7 rember october November December 7 ET anar 7 December 2010 3750 EG LIS ETE Sam Xa 31273 Eu dns 2217 25046 Ec 19 138 sone EX 303
24. The meter is inserted through one cable tie of the eyebolt to hold the meter in the correct position The other eyebolt at the far end of the paver is used to lock the instrument down with a brass padlock The end of the meter with the u bolt is locked to the other eyebolt and secured at both eyebolts with a cable tie During horizontal deployment it is essential the sensor be facing sideways to prevent flow through the opening to the sensor from being blocked by biofouling organisms At vertical deployment sites the U bolt of the meter cage is attached to an eye pin cemented into the bay floor using a brass padlock cage is screwed onto the base of each meter to protect the sensors Each cage is equipped with a U bolt used to lock the meter to an Tags are placed on the handle of each meter citing its intended site of deployment for ease of identification once in the field Those meters that are deployed vertically have small crab pot buoy attached to the top end of the meter so that it stays upright in the water column Appendix V 5 Figure 3 Vertical Deployment of instrument Legend osea a T d eben Figure 2 Map showing all the sites in project 3 12 Data collection and Retrieval YSI 6600 Data Sondes collect continuous conductivity temperature and depth These instruments are deployed on a three week rotation schedule Data is collected in 15 mi
25. To compensate for this we have instruments overlap so we can estimate how much the meter may have degraded The difference in the overlap is how much the instrument degraded during the cycle This is then linearly regressed with the starting point being the beginning data unchanged and the end of the data being altered the most This only works if the meter ran the whole time Sometimes this does not happen When there is an interruption in the data stream we use the dirty clean calibration data sheets This is why we collect the dirty clean post deployment data This data show how much the instrument has changed from before it w brought out to the site to when it was brought back in This difference is used when the sites did not overlap or if it is obvious that some other meter malfunction has occurred In the EVER webpage select Estimation Linear Interpolation Under Process select linear interpolation drift Select the station datatype Enter the beginning and ending dates and times Site Data Validation Form Enter first and last values Site Data Validation Form Under Notes write ion sop for standard operating procedure Under chart select no Under really select no Click on submit in the bottom window make sure beginning and ending times are correct make sure first value is the same Change really to yes and submit Check mark the column interpolation on the Site Data V ion Form Appendix II 36
26. Zero Check Siem Ces Constant Tomporaie Celsus DepavPressu Banery Voltage Sample Rate EET Erang Processing Filed in By ERDC Pressure sar Sener Ottsets Atmospheric Temperature Figure 4 Calibration data sheet a Temperature The temperature probe Celsius thermometer A temperature reading must be checked during calibration using a laboratory traceable NIST 0 15 degrees Celsius to be acceptable If the check does not meet these requirements the sonde will be checked If the sonde Appendix V 7 still does not prove correct the associated data will be flagged and the unit will then be sent to the manufacturer for service The temperature probe is also checked by the factory during maintenance and service of the instrument b Conductivity The conductivity probe is calibrated by filling the calibration cup with a conductivity standard and is adjusted to that value Calibration procedures are based on and follow the manufacture YSI recommendations The calibration is accepted if the sonde reads within 0 5 of the true value of the standard If the reading does not meet these limits the problem will be determined and corrected Conductivity is calibrated using one point The YSI 6600 meets or exceeds advertised conductivity specifications with a single point calibration However a zero check is done w
27. components This has been very successful and except for very rare and unusual cases all of our deployments have met the 5 criteria for drift Personnel Error Personnel error in historic s have included 1 Data set duplication some data sets were downloaded twice creating two files containing the same information and 2 Data being downloaded into the wrong folder or not being downloaded This can cause data to be lost or need to be re downloaded Instruments deployed at the wrong site Appendix II 41 Appendix Sensor Specifications YSI 6600 Data Sonde Available Sensors Temperature Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen pH ORP Ammonium Nitrate Chloride Depth shallow medium deep shallow vented Turbidity Chlorophyll and Rhodamine WT Operating Environment Medium Temperature Depth Fresh Sea or Polluted Water 5 45 0 to 656 feet 200 meters Storage Temperature 40 to 60 C for sonde and all sensors except pH and pH ORP 20 to 60 for pH and pH ORP sensors PVC Stainless Steel 3 5 inches 8 9 cm 19 6 inches 49 8 cm with no depth 21 6 inches 54 9 cm with depth Weight 7 pounds 3 18kg with depth and batteries but no added bottom weight Computer Interface RS 232C SDI 12 Internal Logging Memory Size 384 kilobytes 150 000 individual parameter readings Power 8 C size Alkaline Batteries or Externa
28. conductivity of the site Site is the specific location where meter is deplo Master file this is the main file in access It contains all of the filenames in them It is always named with the number corresponding to site Ex 00 8 Sigmaplot the graphing program used to compare the overlap measurements between 2 meters 9 DataforEver is the server that we use from the Everglades to manipulate the data and send of to DBHydro 10 DBHydro the SFWMD website that houses our data that is available to the public 11 Variables the parameters that you are studying ex depth salinity specific conductivity and temperature 12 Calibration Standards this is the standard solution that is used for the calibration of the instruments This is currently a carboy of gulfstream that we have calibrated at 13 Station Datatype this is a name used in the EVER server It means the site number and the specific variable to be used 14 Null values spaces in data when data was not taken but should have been taken Most stat programs and graphing programs need these spaces to be blank thus null values must be inserted into them Appendix II 30 of sites used 2010 2011 lt Comnuad Stes canals Tr panen Appendix 31 IV STEPS FOR COMPLETING THE SITE DATA VALIDATION FORMS Several protocols have been implemented to ets order to improve ac
29. is recorded on original calibration sheet to show possible drift in the collected data If a problem is found during post calibration and cannot be resolved by the lab technician the instrument will be removed from use and serviced This will be documented in the maintenance log After calibration a tape indicating the date of calibration is attached to the instrument handle and units are prepared for deployment At this time the lab technician places the appropriate size protective cage over the probes Appendix V 10 Calibration Checklist for 6 Series CTDs SPECIFIC CONDUCTIVITY Dry sensor with cloth Collect two samples of calibrated seawater noting the carbuoy Rinse the sensor head with the first sample of calibrated seawater by dipping the probes into the rinse multiple times Use a ring stand and clamp to secure the conductivity probe in the second calibration andard sample making sure the waterline is at the appropriate height In Ecowatch select 2 Calibration then T Conductivity then 1 Specific Conductivity Input the specific conductivity of the standard Allow temperature to equilibrate before calibration DEPTH Record barometric pressure In Ecowatch select 2 Calibration then 2 Pressure Abs Input 0 0 Allow depth to equilibrate before calibration Alter calibration rinse with de ionized water and store for deployment
30. reports include 1 description of field activities and methods employed 2 data provided to users 3 analyses of the data and 4 project results in the form of tables figures and maps and their interpretation as they relate to CERP and the adaptive management process Annual reports will initially be in Microsoft Word format the final version shall be converted to a pdf file after approval and acceptance by the project manager The principal investigator will participate in development of the Annual AT System Status Report when requested and will provide 3 copies of a final report that will include at minimum the following methods results and statistical analyses of sampling efforts conclusions and lessons learned 3 CD Rom or DVD copies of raw data will also be included Interpretation of results as they relate to CERP hypotheses from the MAP the overall effort of CERP implementation and the adaptive management process will be the major features of the final report Appendix 13
31. retrieving the old meter The waiting period allows a minimum of four consecutive overlap readings The meters to be retrieved are then collected with all relevant environmental data collected as well Calibration Standards The conductivity sed from YSI The YSI conductivity standard the 50 mS cm standard is traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST As manufactured it met or exceeded its current specifications YSI Certificate of Traceability The rinse water used in calibration procedures is de ionized water obtained from a Millipore Direct Q Water Filtration System with a conductivity of 0 0 mS cm After calibration de ionized water is Appendix V 8 used to perform zero check If the readings are not zero when the instrument is placed in the de ionized water the meter is recalibrated The instruments are then prepared for deployment RETRIEVAL AND DEPLOYMENT OF BISCAYNE BAY YSI INSTRUMENTS Date _ Fa Techs verna 0 Deployed po Retrieve EST Flame m Condtions Conatns upon tie wenne arom Pressure n Ho Baromavie Postar Est Wave st Wave Height M Wied Diecion Wind Direction Wied Spod Wind Sed RETRIEVAL AND DEPLOYMENT OF BISCAYNE BAY YSI INSTRUMENTS station vonn Type v oreren p Deployed ver rere Instrument Petrieved ear Flare Dee Conditions
32. salinity of 15 4 psu The range between minimum and maximum salinity was 19 9 psu Salinity increases outward from the area of highest canal discharge to the north south and east Salinities between 25 and 35 psu were recorded in Barnes Sound and Manatee Bay 3 3 2 Wet Season 2010 The average 2010 wet season salinity was 25 2 psu s 5 8 which was lower than the previous year s wet season Table 3 3 1 Wet season average was calculated by taking the average of monthly values from June 1 2010 through October 31 2010 The minimum wet salinity for all 44 sites was 13 3 psu just south of Goulds Canal This area had the lowest salinity in both the dry and wet seasons of 20092010 Table 3 3 1 The highest average salinity during the wet season was 37 6 at site 20 in mid bay which was the same value than the dry season of 2009 2010 The apparent development of a large area of high salinity in mid Bay is unusual The range between the average minimum and maximum salinities for the wet season was 24 3 psu Salinities throughout the wet season were the lowest along the shoreline from Mowry Canal C 103 to Site B8 Figure 3 32 1 The average salinity from the dry season to the wet season decreased by 1 2 psu along the western shoreline The ranges in salinity throughout the bay are lower in the dry season than that of the wet season Figure 3 3 2 1 17 Legend Dry Season 09 0 Dry Seaton 09 10
33. surface instruments are moved to newly created sites to fill spatial data gaps in the network and to capture salinity conditions at select sites See Figures 1 and 2 for maps showing the current and proposed optimized network See Table 1 for latitude longitude positioning of sites and status justification for discontinuing sites and establishment of new sites Figure 3 shows the five sites in northern Biscayne Bay operated by Miami Dade DERM as part of a cooperative agreement with BNP The optimized network will consist of 48 monitoring locations 48 bottom 2 surface This is no net gain of instruments from the existing network Appendix I 2 Figure 1 The current existing network 7 if Kroatai m i i BISCAYNE Bay gena ATLANTIC OCEAN Biscayne Bay Salinity Monitoring Network 7 See Legend Above Appendix 1 3 Figure2 New proposed optimized network in South Biscayne Southern Salinity Monitoring Network cry Ray ing See Legend Above Appendix 1 4 Table 1 Location and status of exi ting salinity monitoring sites for the Biscayne Bay network Site Name LATITUDE LONGITUDE STATUS 00 25 25300 80 41400 Unch
34. the actual value and stability noted The rinse dry cycle was repeated and then the sonde was placed in 50 mS cm standard cettified to be accurate to 0 25 and the readings again recorded The data are shown in the Table below Appendix II 24 frime Actual Specific Temperature Measured Specific inem Conductance Conduetanee Error minutes Ic mS em mS em 10 00 0 25 5 1 10 00 T 10 00 025 5 1 10 00 T 10 00 0 25 5 1 10 00 T 10 00 0 25 5 1 10 00 T n Lososa 7 000 0 Lososa 7 000 T 00 05 7 000 T 00 05 1000 T 1 00 05 7 000 T 10 00 0 25 4 9 19 79 42 10 0 00 0 25 49 9 79 42 T 0 00 0 25 4 9 19 80 5 lia 0 00 0 25 50 38 0 00 0 25 4 9 19 82 36 14 0 00 0 25 49 38 15 0 00 0 25 49 9 82 36 16 0 00 0 25 49 9 32 36 l7 000 0 25 49 9 82 36 As can be seen from the d the conductivity system also show excellent stability all readings are within the quoted typical accuracy specification 5 of reading after calibration of the system at 10 mS cm and It must be remembered that a great deal of care was taken in this experiment 1 The sensor was carefully rinsed and dried prior to changing standards 2 High quality standards were used 3 The readings were taken under controlled temperature condit
35. the public verified to within the specified parameters 5 3 Data Reporting AII data is downloaded upon retrieval of the sondes Raw data is stored on the NPS server in hard copy and on a The raw data is saved through the Ecowatch program and then exported to a text file readable without the Ecowatch software These raw data files will be archived according to NPS standards using the proper file codes All data will be available to project managers lab ians and the MAP program All raw data is also retained on the DataForEver database as 6 0 Preventive Maintenance 6 1 Laboratory Maintenance Cleaning and maintenance of all equipment is necessary to insure proper operation and reliable results Regular maintenance on YSI instruments is only conducted by YSI representative trained employees Regular maintenance includes changing batteries and or battery caps replacing o rings probes and port plugs Changing Batteries The instrument should be dried and placed on its side to prevent water other substances from entering the battery compartment The two screws on the top of the battery cap should be removed Remove old batteries Inspect the battery compartment for rust or other signs of failure The battery cap should be examined for any failures cleaned Appendix II 15 and re greased YSI provided grease only Install new batteries and then replace the with the associated gasket e
36. the wet season Table 4 1 3 and Figures 4 1 7 4 1 8 and 4 1 9 Dry Season During the dry season November May the salinity restoration target calls for an average salinity ranging between 10 and 19 psu in coastal embayments and Manatee Bay between 20 and 32 psu at the mouths of coastal embayments and Barnes Sound and between 20 and 35 psu within Barnes Sound 90 of the time Daily average salinity is expected to remain at lt 35 psu at all locations for 95 of the dry season Table 4 1 3 and Figure 4 1 7 4 1 8 and 4 1 9 The restoration goals for the water year 2009 2010 have not been met for Manatee Bay and are only met for Barnes Sound in the wet season October and in the dry season November December and January Manatee Bay and Barnes Sound average salinities are consistently higher than the stated restoration targets for this water year and for all years sampled Additionally extreme high salin are often recorded during both wet and dry seasons Due to the lack of low salinity values the variance of this data is lower than that of comparable sites to the north of Convoy Point In comparing the Manatee Bay Barnes Sounds data to the rest of the data set for Biscayne Bay these sounds have consistently high salinity never reach zero and average salinity that approaches sea water Table 4 1 3 Statistical summary of BISC Salinity Monitoring Program psu 2004 2010 for Manatee Bay and Barnes Sound
37. 08 Appendix YS a R LER Figure 4 1 29 Estuarine Zone area meeting CERP PM green area lt 20 psu in December 2008 Figure 4 1 30 Estuarine Zone area meeting CERP PM green area 20 psu in July 2009 Figure 4 1 31 Estuarine Zone area meeting CERP PM green area 20 psu in September 2009 Appendix Appendix V Implementation Plan Implementation Plan Biscayne Bay Salinity Sampling Project for the Monitoring and Assessment Plan Implementation Plan 2010 2014 December 2010 Appendix V 2 Biscayne Bay Salinity Sampling Project for the Monitoring and Assessment Plan Implementation Plan 2010 2014 Table of Contents 1 0 Background 2 0 Specific Objectives to be Addressed 3 0 Approach and Methods 3 1 Data Collection and Instruments Calibration 3 1 1 Instrument Location and Deployment 1 2 Data collection and Retrieval 3 1 3 Calibration 3 2 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 3 2 1 Field Quality Control Checks 2 2 Laboratory Quality Control Checks 3 3 Data Entry Evaluation and Validation 3 3 1 Data Entry and Transfer 3 3 2 Data Evaluation 3 Data Validation 3 4 Measurable Results Appendix 3 1 0 Background Biscayne Bay is the largest estuary on the southeast coast of the Florida peninsula Figure 1 Biscayne Bay extends from Broward County to the north through Miami Dade County and part of Monroe County to the south where the Bay is m
38. 154 36 1 5 80 06 10 26 1 9 9 37 0 7 22 07 10 28 5 146 40 8 6 94 08 10 28 5 15 8 43 6 6 02 09 10 21 5 8 8 378 7 34 10 10 229 13 7 33 6 447 November 2009 In November 2009 monthly salinities ranged from 20 6 to 35 7 psu with an average of 29 1 psu 4 09 Tables 3 1 1 1 and 3 2 1 Average monthly salinity ranged from 20 6 to 23 2 psu in the nearshore sites between C 1 Canal and Mowry Canals 28 to 30 psu just north of Black Point and over 30 psu around Deering Estate with 17 sites having average monthly salinity above 30 psu Appendix IV Figure 3 2 1 Adams key was the only site with salinity above 35 psu Average monthly salinity in Manatee Bay and Barnes Sound was between 29 and 30 5 psu Average salinity in the monitoring area was an average of 6 psu higher in November 2009 than in the previous year December 2009 Average salinity recorded this month was less than 3 psu higher than the average salinity in November 2009 with a of 26 psu a 4 61 Table 3 2 1 The minimum value was 17 5 psu and the maximum value was 34 5 psu Salinity ranged between 17 5 and 19 9 psu the area between Princeton and Mowry Canals Appendix IV Figure 3 2 2 December was the first month of the water year 2009 20010 with estuarine conditions less than 20 psu in Biscayne Bay Salinities increased to 23 between North canal and the sites just North of Black Point Salinities increased to above 30 psu at the mid bay site
39. 287 Bottom Horizontal 62 2561225 3030583 Bottom Horizontal 64 2561136 3030353 Bottom Horizontal 66 25 60408 8028922 Bottom Horizontal 68 25 65128 Bottom Horizontal 70 25 645 80 247 Bottom Horizontal 2 253223 303451 Bottom Horizontal Aa 2533679 8032008 Bottom Horizontal A6 2545211 803313 Bottom Horizontal AS 2548128 303397 Bottom Horizontal B2 2549547 80332 Bottom Horizontal Ba 2551011 803353 Bottom Horizontal B6 2552728 803299 Bottom Horizontal 25533853 803178 Bottom Horizontal C2 2554586 803187 Bottom Horizontal C4 25 55506 803088 Bottom Horizontal C6 2557425 80 3026 Bottom Horizontal 25 58897 0307 Bottom Horizontal D2 2561678 30 3013 Bottom Horizontal D4 25 61767 80 2908 Bottom Horizontal D6 25 62097 802974 Bottom Horizontal DS 2547060 80206 Bottom Horizontal Table 2 1 2 Sites Period of Record E Peod of Record 00 2008 to current or 2004 to current 3 2004 to current 204 to current 3004 to current 2094 to current 2004 to current 2094 to current 2004 to curent 2004 to current 2004 to 05 23 2010 2004 to current 2004 ta 0571772010 2004 to current aot to current 2004 to 05 17 2010 2004 to current 200 to current 2003 ra 05 23 2010 2094 to current 2004 06 23 2010 2004 to current 2004 1o 05 17 2010 2004 to current 2091 to 06 07 2010 2004 to current 2004 to current 2004 ro 05 15 2010 2093 to current 2004 ta 05 07 2040 2004 to curre
40. 5 50531 80 33577 Unchanged 42 25 50375 80 33400 Logistical problems with sonde sinking into the sediment and deemed redundant to Site 40 similar data patterns see Table 3 14 25 51886 80 30940 Moved NW closer to shore to capture along shore salinity gradient 45 25 51886 80 30940 Discontinued surface location 46 25 52728 80 30406 Unchanged 48 25 51800 80 28400 Unchanged 50 25 54547 80 31119 Deemed redundant to Site 52 similar data patterns see Table 3 discontinued 52 25 54539 80 30869 Unchanged 54 25 54500 80 29000 Unchanged 55 25 54500 80 29000 Discontinued surface location 56 25 56444 80 30531 Unchanged Appendix 1 Table 1 cont Site Name LATITUDE LONGITUDE STATUS 58 25 56447 80 30278 Deemed redundant to Site 56 similar data patterns see Table 3 discontinued 60 25 56428 80 28417 Unchanged 61 25 56428 80 28417 T Discontinued surface location 62 25 61225 80 30583 Unchanged 64 25 61136 80 30353 Unchanged 66 25 60408 80 28922 Unchanged 67 25 60408 80 28922 Discontinued surface location 68 25 65128 80 25958 Unchanged 69 25 65128 80 25958 Discontinued surface location 70 25 64500 80 24700 Unchanged 76 25 75628 80 17426 Unchanged site also known as 8822 8 80 25 7108 80 18160 Unchanged site also known as PORTW B 82 25 83008 80 15857 Uncha
41. 5436 80301 Surface Vertical 14 254736 8034003 Bonom Horizontal 16 2547264 8033777 Bottom Horizontal 18 2547878 8030886 Bottom Horizontal 20 2547103 8028453 Bottom Vertical 22 2549242 8033911 Bottom Horizontal 26 2548681 80 3265 Bottom Horizontal 28 2549844 8033875 Bottom Horizontal 32 2549633 80 32548 Bottom Horizontal 34 2549353 80 30908 Bottom Horizontal 36 2549472 8027836 Bottom Horizontal 40 250533 8033877 Bottom Horizontal En 2532473 8031457 Bottom Horizontal 46 2532728 80 30406 Bottom Vertical 48 25518 80284 Bottom Horizontal 52 2554539 8030869 Bottom Horizontal 54 2555 8029 Bottom Horizontal 56 2556444 8030831 Bottom Horizontal 60 2536428 8028417 Bottom Horizontal 62 2561225 80 30583 Bottom Horizontal 64 256136 8030853 Bottom Horizontal 66 25160408 80 289 Bottom Horizontal 68 2568128 8025958 Bottom Horizontal 70 25 645 80247 Bottom Horizontal A2 2532186 803484 Bottom Horizontal Ad 2533679 80 32008 Bottom Horizontal AG 254821 80 3313 Bonom Horizontal AS 25 48128_ 80 3307 Bottom Horizontal B2 2549547 80332 Bottom Horizontal B4 2SSIOII 803383 Bottom Horizontal B6 2552728 803299 Bottom Horizontal BS 2533883 803178 Bottom Horizontal C2 2534586 8O3137 Bottom Horizontal C4 2555506 80 3088 Bottom Horizontal C6 2557425 80 3026 Bottom Horizontal 25 58897
42. 95 15 065 E 16083 13 20 20013 3n 24911 FEN EXT EE Tune fay Am october INcremier Dry Senn 1 785 5t ais 2590 Diy Seas Perfomance Measure aeres Wer Season Performance Measure acres Table 4 1 2 Estimated Average Monthly Canal Discharge in thousand acre feet Kaf summed for S20F 20G 21A S21 and 5123 Monthly Discharge Kaf 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 209 2010 January 646 78 1247 10 54 4 64 4 89 44 33 February 13 5 3 68 1516 1023 5 5 141 25 66 March 225 778 921 19 571 6 92 20 68 April 0 69 264 74 949 1726 0 76 31 89 0 91 3 39 7 06 9 99 194 1816 2602 June 9 12121 729 7496 3136 6941 39 69 July 735 6672 nas 5231 4437 5668 2642 August 66 07 103 68 4539 1629 9243 3507 4940 September 71 68 10548 6436 421 51 64 6047 85 04 October 7156 7055 3444 828 10145 3401 5138 November 47 28 2536 2854 4448 3794 3518 2896 December 27 86 2272 1835 67 1381 35 82 120 Annual Total 321 61 54101 32295 36188 4083 35878 44148 Water volume and salinity records cited in Gaiser et al 2004 2006 and SENRC 2006 reveal that the existing CERP estimate for restoration salinity appears to be much less that the amount of water that historically flowed into Southern Biscayne Bay th
43. Annual Report Salinity Sampling in Biscayne Bay 2009 2010 Biscayne National Park A Report to the United States Army Corps of Engineers for the Monitoring and Assessment Plan of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan for RECOVER Assessment Team Southeast Estuary Subteam July 11 2011 Salinity Sampling in Biscayne Bay 2009 2010 Biscayne National Park A Report to the United States Army Corps of Engineers for the Monitoring and Assessment Plan of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan for RECOVER Assessment Team Southeast Estuary Subteam July 11 2011 Authors Sarah Bellmund Herve Jobert Gregory Garis Abstract South Florida has two distinct hydrological seasons which directly affect salinity in Biscayne Bay The wet season occurs from June through October and the dry season occurs from November through May During the 2009 2010 hydrologic year the highest individual salinity values were observed in the late dry season in all years and for all sites within central and southern Biscayne Bay while the highest average salinity occurred in the dry season This pattern is the same in the entire data set for all years Spatially salinity along the mangroves of the western shoreline is very different from salinity within the network further offshore Sample sites along the shoreline exhibit the highest and the lowest salinity values and the greatest variation e g sites along the shoreline in the mangroves 14 22
44. Average Minimum Median Maximum Range st Coet of Site Count psu psu psu psu psu dev Variation Manatee Bay 217130 3001 9 44 2923 48 44 39 00 5 74 0 19 Barnes Sound 211978 31 83 1798 3191 41 79 23 81 4 75 0 15 29 Minimum psu Median psu Maximum psu 40 30 Salinity psu 20 10 Manatee Bay Barnes Sound Site Sound 2004 2010 showing that the area does not meet salinity PM for this area 35 mum Manatee Wet Season Performance Measure Dry Season Performance Measure Z 2227922 ZS Z Z 2388888858898 Date Figure 4 1 2 2 Manatee Bay Performance Measure November 2009 October 2010 Figure 4 1 2 1 Salinity Minimum Maximum and Median in psu for Manatee Bay amp Barnes Barnes Sound Wet Season Performance Measure Dry Season Performance Measure 2925222252228 S ssdssdiss SSSBSSZ25ESSS 4388832858888 Figure 4 1 2 3 Barnes Sound Performance Measure November 2009 October 2010 5 0 Summary and Conclusion During water year 2009 2010 several unusual occurrences happened A large area of high salinity water developed and was sustained in central Biscayne Bay during the wet season The sites in this area are deep 6 7 ft 2m so this was
45. Entry and Transfer Using YSI Endeco EcoWatch software the data is downloaded to the computer as a text file This allows the data to be ready to be uploaded directly on the Everglades National Park DataForEver Database without any changes in the data This avoids the potential of additional errors of manipulating data to adjust format and make data corrections outside of the database Only the actual data from the deployment is uploaded to the database The readings before the deployment and after retrieval are not uploaded into the database Since salinity is not a variable that can be directly measured specific conductivity and temperature is used to calculate salinity in the Coach program According to the YSI Ecowatch Manual raw conductivity and temperature values are used with each value of specific conductance to generate a value compensated to 25 C Using a temperature coefficient of 1 91 TC 0 0191 the equation is as follows Specific Conductance 25 C Conductivity 1 TC T 25 Once data is uploaded to the database data is graphed inside the DataForEver Database to help identify errors Each sampling event is graphed and there is a graph for each of the major variables including temperature salinity specific conductivity and depth versus time The graphs produced from this step are used later data interpolation In addition the graphs allow for easy detection of data points recorded prior to actual d
46. Fisheries Service NMFS and the NOAA Atmospheric and Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory AOML to determine how well the current and proposed sites fit the needs of the biological community using the data Appendix I Sites were reviewed for their proximity to the proposed Phase I of the Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands Project features to ensure that the coastline was adequately covered by sampling sites Correlations between sites were used to examine potential overlap from adjacent locations Seasonal patterns spatial distribution and proximity to proposed CERP features were also reviewed when evaluating sampling site distribution Thi process was constrained by the need to maintain sampling integrity and the ability to produce products such as isohaline maps and evaluation of how well salinity targets are met These products are prepared for the Recover Southern Coastal Systems team and for use by investigators and agency personnel to provide recommendations for reconfigured sampling locations 2 0 Methods 2 1 Sampling Overview There are 44 sites where data is collected within central and southern Biscayne Bay Table 2 1 1 Figure 2 1 1 from as far north as the southern side of the Snapper Creek Canal and extending south to Manatee Bay and Barnes Sound Three sites have surface reading instruments also recording at the same location The highest concentrations of sites are located nearshore on the western mangrove zones 2
47. H E am Er a an EX 185 204 a FE 383 16r 227 226 ET ias Er 2053 2566 25 6 Er a aar 3534 3a ra E EE 2053 224 222 Erj as In 125 st EE En 12 EJ 27 245 2i 2m 150 s 26 58 an 2m 230 E 2937 2752 286 176 15 G EX 2522 256 5 428 G E EX ER Tar 23m po 2825 306 22 E 3036 2945 304 033 250 n 3347 3824 127 FE A2 295 AL mar mur 3 rj AR EE ET 215 FE EE 2258 2118 224 427 B ina FT FE ms 3538 1330 275 20 10 201 2m ET 386 328 C4 2027 208 15 ar Fr ET ET 28s 2 ES rj D4 PS 255 D EE EY Ds Average 264 zz 253 ina 254 333 Maximum 353 375 EX Dev 52 16 3 3 1 Dry Season 2009 2010 Average dry season salinity for the 2009 2010 water year was 26 4 psu 4 92 Table 3 3 1 calculated by averaging the monthly values from November 1 2009 y 31 2010 There were no sites with an average salinity below 15 psu Table 3 3 1 Average salinity throughout the dry season was the lowest along the shoreline from just North Black Point South to Military Canal Figure 3 3 1 1 The sites with the highest average salinity were Adams Key with a salinity of 35 3 psu followed by site 20 mid bay with salinity of 33 9 psu The site with the lowest average salinity was at B6 just south of Goulds Canal with a
48. Interpolated average salinity in Biscayne Bay for October 2010 Data from 40 sites was used in this interpolation The data was collected in 15 minute intervals and then averaged for the entire month Appendix 13 Appendix IV Estuarine Zones Appendix 1 Figure 4 l l Estuarine zone blue area 20 psu in September 2004 Figure 41 2 Estuarine zone green area 20 psu in October 2004 Figure 4 1 3 Estuarine zone purple area 20 psu in November 2004 Figure 4 1 4 Estuarine zone orange area 20 psu in December 2004 Appendix 1 2 Figure 4 17 Estuarine zone orange Figure 4 1 5 Estuarine zone purple lt 20 psu in August 2005 area lt 20 psu in June 2005 area T b iem 24 2 it Figure 41 6 Estuarine zone green 418 Estuari oi A E igure 41 8 Estuarine zone blue area 20 psu in July area 20 psu in September 2005 Appendix IV 3 n NN d Figure 4 1 9 Estuarine zone green Figure 4 1 11 Estuarine zone orange area 20 psu in October 2005 area 20 psu in December 2005 me TT T Figure 41 10 Estuarine zone purple Figure 41 12 Estuarine zone pink area lt 20 psu in November 2005 area lt 20 psu in January 2006 Appendix
49. J A and F J Mazzotti 1989 Historic and present distribution of the American crocodile in Florida Journal of Herpetology 23 1 7 32 Langevin C D 2001 Simulation of Ground Water Discharge to Biscayne Bay Southeastern Florida Water Resources Investigation Report 00 4251 United States Geological Survey Tallahassee Florida Luo J and J E Serafy 2003 Time series analysis and statistical modeling of salinity and canal discharges in Biscayne National Park NPS CESU Agreement H5000000494 0006 University of Miami Miami FL Meeder J F P W Harlem and A Renshaw 2001 Historic creek watershed study Final Results Year 1 Report to South Florida Water Management District West Palm Beach Florida Southeast Environmental Research Program Florida International University Odum W E and E J Heald 1975 The detritus based food web of an estuarine mangrove community Pp 265 286 in L Cronin ed Estuarine Research Academic Press New York Parker G G G E Ferguson and S K Love 1955 Water resources special reference to the geology and groundwater of the Miami area Water Supply Paper 1255 U S Geological Survey U S Government Printing Office Washington D C 965pp f southeastern Florida with Parker G G 1974 Hydrology of the predrainage system of the Everglades in southern Florida Pp 18 27 in P J Gleason ed Environments of South Florida Past Present and Future Miami Geological Society
50. Mem 2 Ross MS J F Meeder J P Sah P I Ruiz and G J Telesnicki 2000 The southern saline Everglades revisited a half century of coastal vegetation change Jour Veg Sci 11 101 112 Ruiz J F and M S Ross 2004 Hydrologic Restoration of the Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands Mosquito and Drainage Ditch Inventory and Recommendations Final Report Southeast Environmental Research Program Florida International University 13p Serafy J E C H Faunce and J J Lorenz 2003 Mangrove shoreline fishes of Biscayne Bay Florida Bull of Mar Science 72 161 180 Serafy J E and J S Ault Ortner and R Curry 2001 Coupling Biscayne Bay s natural resource and fisheries to environmental quality and freshwater inflow management pp 163 174 In Biscayne Bay Partnership Initiative Survey Team Final Reports Florida Atlantic University Joint Center for Environmental and Urban Problems 307 pp appendices SFNRC 2006 Ecological amp Hydrological Targets for Western Biscayne National Park South Florida natural Resources Center Everglades National Park Homestead FL SENRC Technical Series 2006 1 25pp 33 SFWMD 1995 An Update of the Surface Water Improvement Management Plan for Bi Florida Technical Supporting Document and Appendices South Florida Water Management District 3301 Gun Club Road West Palm Beach Florida Smith H M 1896 Notes on Biscayne Bay Florida with reference to its adaptabi
51. This is then documented in the maintenance log After calibration a tape indicating the date of calibration is attached to the instrument handle and wnits are prepared for deployment At this time the lab technician places the appropriate size protective cage over the probes 5 0 Data Evaluation Validation and Reporting 5 1 Data Evaluation and processing Evaluation of the data occurs before the raw data is validated in the database The purpose of this procedure is to ensure that the data being imported to the database was recording the correct location and that each parameter temperature conductivity depth and salinity is within acceptable limits of the instrument This also confirms that the instrument is recording properly This is accomplished using the following measures 1 Lab technicians check calibration results to insure that data falls within acceptable limits based on parameter specific instrument limits This check is noted on the calibration sheet 2 Results from the post calibration check will be compared to calibration readings and recorded on the calibration sheet The evaluation of data is accomplished through a series of reviews and checks Appendix E The sults are reviewed by the technician performing the data download to spot any obvious errors and to confirm that the sonde is recording properly After a final review the technician decides if the data is acceptable for final importation to the database for proce
52. _ ES Figure 4 1 13 Estuarine zone blue area 20 psu in July 2006 Figure 4 1 14 area 20 psu in August 2006 Estuarine zone orange Figure 41 16 area 20 psu in October 2006 Figure 4 1 15 Estuarine zone blue area 20 psu in September 2006 Estuarine zone green Appendix 5 Figure 4 1 19 Estuarine Zone green Figure 41 17 Estuarine Zone green area 20 psu in January 2007 area 20 psu in November 2006 Do umm Figure 4 1 18 Estuarine Zone green Figure 4 1 20 Zone green area 20 psu in December 2006 area 20 psu in June 2007 Appendix IV 6 Figure 4 1 21 Estuarine Zone green Figure 41 23 Estuarine Zone green area 20 psu in July 2007 area 20 psu in November 2007 Figure 4 1 24 Estuarine Zone green Figure 41 22 Estuarine Zone green area lt 20 psu in December 2007 area lt 20 psu in October 2007 Appendix IV 7 Figure 4 1 25 Estuarine Zone green area lt 20 psu in August 2008 Figure 41 27 Estuarine Zone green area 20 psu in October 2008 Figure 4 1 28 Estuarine Zone area meeting CERP PM green area 20 psu in November 2008 Figure 41 26 Estuarine Zone green area lt 20 psu in September 20
53. a water column event This year there was also the early development of low salinity water creating an estuarine zone along the western shoreline beginning in April and the resultant long persistence of an estuarine zone along the shoreline This occurs in the area of the persistence of high salinity Reviewing the estuarine graphics there appears to be a relationship between antecedent conditions of canal flow and the longer persistence of an estuarine zone Movement of the sites does not appear to alter the data Future work will review the statistical relationships between the estuarine zone its persistence and flow 6 0 Works Cited Bellmund S G Graves S Krupa Jobert G Garis and S Blair 2008 Effects of Groundwater on Salinity in Biscayne Bay Florida Bay and Adjacent Marine Systems Science Conference Naples Florida Browder J A and H R Wanless 2001 Science survey team report 65 230 In Biscayne Bay Partnership Initiative Survey Team Final Reports Florida Atlantic University Joint Center for Environmental and Urban Problems 307 pp appendices Buchanan J and Klein 1976 Effects of water management on fresh water discharge to Biscayne Bay In Biscayne Bay Past Present Future A Thorhaug and A Volker eds Biscayne Bay Symp I University of Miami Sea Grant Program Spec Rep 5 University of Miami Coral Gables FL 271 277 2002 Central and South Florida Project
54. age salinity decreased in Card Sound and Manatee Bay with salinities between 24 8 and 26 2 psu Table 3 1 1 1 October 2010 Average salinity in the bay for October was 22 9 psu 4 47 Table 3 2 1 which was 4 4 psu lower than October 2009 The lowest average salinity was recorded near Mowry Canal 13 7psu Table 3 1 1 1 All the nearshore sites between Turkey Point and Black Point had salinity under 20 psu creating also an estuarine zone Appendix IV Figure 3 2 13 The highest average salinity was recorded at Adams Key 33 6 psu Average salinity decreased in Barnes Sound and Manatee Bay with values between 19 6 and 22 6 psu Card Sound had an average monthly salinity of 25 5 psu 15 3 3 Table 3 3 1 Salinity Site Averages Wet Dry Seasons and Water Year and Standard Water Year Deviation Standard deviation Standard doviaton Sk Dry Season 20082010 ry Season 2009 210 Wet Season 2010 D 26 29 156 417 4 2008 1 D 27 70 Tar G sa 3551 38s ra 138 3049 Er 22 sar 1 227 193 287 16 23 86 2120 25 sa2 a 3094 3138 2 085 FE 20 357 120 G anas 1850 25 43 E 206 26 ET EG 262 in 2 2039 Ez 192 258 Er 30 2112 ma 200 x 25 55 pr E 1 43 3x EZ E
55. ain menu Select 8 Advanced Select 1 Cal constants Record cond Esc to main menu onnect Sonde and label S S handle with the calibration date Place old Cal sheet in the Blue cal sheets to be entered folder Place new cal sheet in the front of the black binder Appendix II 23 Appendix C Linearity Accuracy of Conductivity Sensors on YSI 6 series sondes YSI Technical Note The conductivity sensors on YSI 6 Series sondes have excellent specifications with regard to stability and accuracy The conductivity systems circuit and probe used with these instruments show typical accuracy of 0 5 of the reading over a wide range 0 100 mS cm making it unnecessary for users to employ one probe for freshwater and a different probe for marine applications Naturally this accuracy specification requires proper user calibration with standards of high accuracy Like most conductivity systems the circuitry employs a variety of ranges but because of the YST autoranging protocol this feature is transparent to the user Many manufacturers of conductivity meters and sensors provide an accuracy specification as a percent of range while YSI s accuracy is quoted as percent of reading The latter specification guarantees better accuracy at all conductivity values as evidenced by the following example A freshwater sample shows a conductivity of 800 uS cm that is read on a range of 0 5000 uS em on two instruments one which quotes ac
56. and sites for salinity analysis were also funded by the SFWMD to gather data regarding salinity changes with respect to the minimum flows and levels for water delivery requirements of the State of Florida Data from the earlier ACOE project were originally used to develop a two dimensional hydrodynamic model part of the Biscayne Bay Feasibility Study in the late 1990s and more recently to improve and re calibrate this model to a three dimensional including depth stratification hydrodynamic model as part of the CERP BBCW Brown et al 2003 data collected are being used to describe current conditions in the bay prior to changes in water flow and in conjunction with biological projects also funded by the MAP The data are being made readily available by uploading it to the South Florida Natural Resources Center database Data ForEVER and subsequently submitting it to the South Florida Water Management District for inclusion in their CERP and DBHydro databases In the mean time data is being loaded onto the CERP zone Data Access Storage and Retrieval DASR website BISC staff worked in conjunction with SFWMD and the U 5 Army Corps of Engineers to review the information available and determine the need for optimization of monitoring locations After compiling and reviewing this information it was vetted with scientists from the University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences RSMAS NOAA National Marine
57. anged 01 25 25300 80 41400 Unchanged 04 25 23300 80 39400 Unchanged 05 25 23300 80 39400 Unchanged 06 25 28300 80 39800 Unchanged 08 25 33000 80 31500 Site had logistics location problems Sonde was continually buried by sediment making retrieval difficult moved to co locate with a surface structure and renamed Site H 10 25 39769 80 23597 Data from Caesar Creek determined to be representative of open ocean conditions and existing data set is sufficient for model calibration discontinued 12 25 43600 80 30100 Unchanged 13 25 43600 80 30100 Discontinued surface location 14 25 47360 80 34004 Unchanged 16 25 47264 80 33777 Unchanged site suggests an alongshore salinity gradient when compared to Site 14 see Table 3 18 25 47878 80 30886 Unchanged 19 2547878 80 30886 Discontinued surface location 20 25 47103 80 28453 Unchanged 22 25 49242 80 33911 Unchanged 24 25 49133 80 33694 Deemed redundant to Site 22 similar data patterns see Table 3 discontinued 26 25 48681 80 32650 Unchanged 28 25 49844 80 33875 Unchanged 30 25 49800 80 33627 Deemed redundant to Site 28 similar data patterns see Table 3 discontinued 32 25 49633 80 32548 Unchanged 34 25 49353 80 30908 Unchanged 35 25 49353 80 30908 Discontinued surface location 36 25 49472 80 27836 Unchanged 37 25 49472 80 27836 Discontinued surface location 40 2
58. arginally connected to Florida Bay through Jewlish Creek west of Barnes Sound Key Largo Florida Bay Figure 1 Location map of Biscayne Bay Physical processes that can have an impact on the water quality within the system vary both spatially and temporally Monitoring the salinity conditions and several other water quality parameters of Biscayne Bay is important for documenting the CERP implementation effects in the southern estuarine ecosystem environment 2 0 Specific Objectives to be Addressed The purpose of this work is to collect physical water quality data salinity conductivity temperature and depth at all existing stations to allow decisions and inferences to be made with respect to changes in freshwater inflow This provides data to other scientists and managers using the broadest manner This study establishes reference conditions document temporal and spatial variability of salinity in the near shore region of Biscayne Appendix V 4 Approach and Methods 3 1 Data Collection and Instruments Calibration 3 1 1 Instrument Location and Deployment There are 44 sites where data is collected within central and southern Biscayne Bay Figure 2 Three of the 44 sites within the bay are recording data at approximately 0 25 meters below the water surface via meters placed within a surface buoy Sites are located as far north as the southern side of the Snapper Creek Canal and extending south to Ma
59. ass padlock In case of possible lock failure a heavy duty cable tie is fitted between the U bolt and eye pin for extra support The three sites within the bay that are also recording data approximately 0 25 below water surface via instruments are placed within a surface buoy co located with a benthic site Figure 2 2 using YSI Environmental 6600 Series instruments The instruments deployed on the surface are located in buoys that are specifically fabricated for this application They are built by modifying a normal can buoy using two four inch diameter PVC pipes running through the buoy This configuration allows for the simultaneous deployment of two instruments making overlapping readings used in Quality Assurance Quality Control QA QC analysis of the data Bent instruments are all double deployed for over lapping data that is also used in Quality Assurance Quality Control QA QC analysis as well A portable weather instrument is used to denote deployment time air temperature barometric pressure in mm Hg and wind speed at the time of retrieval and deployment Once all instruments have been deployed within a zone there is a waiting period of a minimum of one hour before retrieving the old instrument The waiting period allows a minimum of four consecutive overlap readings The old instruments to be retrieved are then collected with all relevant environmental data collected and the new instruments left on site
60. ata unless proven otherwise If a reason for the data value under consideration to be removed cannot be specifically identified eg wildlife interaction out of water instrument malfunction human error then the data is retained Once the data file is QA QC d null values are entered into empty time slots and the data is run through Estimated Linear Interpolation It is assumed that a newly deployed meter is reading correctly and that drift could have occurred in the retrieved meter Using DataForEver database the data are plotted to see whether the overlap in readings corresponds to the same pattern of increase decrease in salinity If the readings from the previous file match or follow the same pattern 5 the file that follows the database uses the first reading of the deployed meter file to interpolate the drift that occurred between the first reading of the retrieved meter file and the last reading of the retrieved meter file If the final reading of the previous retrieved meter file and the first reading of the deployed meter file do not match or follow the same pattern the first dirty post calibration reading is used to determine the linear interpolation After Estimation Linear Interpolation is completed the data is validated Data Validation performs two vital roles it removes data that only the group collecting the data could identify as invalid and it verifies a consistent data set that then can be made available to
61. atus Select 3 Time Enter time as appears on digital clock that is set to atomic clock located in lab Push enter when times matches on your entry and clock Check Free Memory Must be more than 120 days not make sure files are uploaded and delete all files Go back to main menu Esc Set up File site name and Turn Instrument on Select 1 Run Select 2 Unattended sample Select 5 File name enter file name as appears on calibration sheet Site Sonde ID Alphabetical Month day one digit year for 2010 0 The naming convention for each data file is as follows LL site location number NN sonde identification number M month represented by a letter DD day Y last digit of the year See Appendix D Enter Select 6 Site for site number and zone Enter Site and Zone ex 00 Z1 Enter Check 8 Batt life should be more than 10 If not replace Batteries or do not deploy in field Select C Start logging Select 1 Yes Appendix II 19 Esc to exit Instrument is Turned on and Logging Ensure that cap is replaced properly and snug Re Write on instrument the Sonde ID as well as contact information Open EcoWatch Software Click on Sonde Icon Select COM port window will appear Click OK Connect Sonde Type in menu and press Enter Main Menu will appear Select 1 Run Select 2 Unattended Sample Select B Stop logging Esc to main menu connect Sonde Appendix II 20 Appendix Sonde Cali
62. ble NIST Celsius thermometer A temperature reading must be within 0 15 degrees Celsius to be acceptable If the check does not meet these requirements the sonde will be checked If the sonde still does not prove correct the associated data will be flagged and the unit will then be sent to the manufacturer for service The temperature probe is also checked by the factory during maintenance and service of the instrument 3 12 Conductivity The conductivity probe is calibrated by filling the calibration cup with a conductivity standard and is adjusted to that value Calibration procedures are based on and follow the manufacture YSI recommendations The calibration is accepted if the sonde reads within 0 5 of the true value of the standard If the reading does not meet these limits the problem will be determined and corrected Note Instruments measure conductance and temperature from these readings the meter then calculates specific conductance and salinity Conductivity is calibrated using one point The YSI 6600 meets or exceeds advertised conductivity specifications with a single point calibration Appendix However zero check is done with deionized water to ensure accurate calibration and is noted on the Calibration Sheet In the event the zero check does not read zero the meter is recalibrated 3 13 Depth Depth is determined using a pressure sensor Barometric pressure taken from a Princo Nova mercury barometer located in
63. bration Sondes are calibrated with the 50 mS cm standard as a single point with a zero check on deionized distilled water from a Millipore Direct Q Water Filtration System with a conductivity of 0 0 mS cm The 50 mS cm standard is used because it is closer to the high values that occur in the ecosystem and linearity is assured using the zero check This flow chart is showing the basic steps to perform the sonde calibration 1 0 Download Data from instrument 2 0 Instrument calibrations 2 1 Dirty Post Calibration check J 2 2 Clean Instrument and probe 2 3 Clean Post Calibration check 3 0 Calibration of the instrument for the Field Open EcoWatch Software 1 0 Download Data from instrument Click on Folder Icon Select file location in R drive to upload the data RAWater Quality Water Quality Group SalinityProjectInfo Data select the correct year folder and select upload folder Click OK then click on Cancel Click on Sonde Icon Appendix 21 Select port window will appear Click OK Connect Sonde Type in menu and press Enter Main Menu will appear Select 3 File 2 Upload select the number of the corresponding file 1 Proceed 3 ASCII Text Allow to Upload Esc to main Menu Record Pressure on Calibration Sheet and subtract difference to enter in third box 2 0 Instrument calibrations 2 1 Dirty Post Calibration check Place Sonde in clamp Rinse probe w dirty rins
64. bration is an essential and integral part of the quality assurance plan Instruments are targeted for retrieval and calibration on a tri weekly schedule of deployment based primarily on weather Deployment may extend to a four week period if weather other unforeseen problems arise Before deployment lab technicians verify that all instruments are proper working condition and that batteries have the proper level of voltage prior to deployment Appendix A Battery voltage is noted on the calibration sheet The retrieved instruments are brought back to the lab for data upload to NPS computers post calibration cleaning and calibration Appendix B Retrieving instruments for cleaning and calibration in the laboratory ensures that the micro fouling layer of bacteria and micro algal growth are completely removed Removal of this micro algal layer ensures that it does not serve as a basis for further macrofouling which could cause drift in data After The YSI 6600 data sondes are calibrated any preventative cosmetic maintenance is performed Upon completion of any necessary maintenance sondes are set for redeployment General upkeep and maintenance is performed by project staff on a routine basis Biscayne water quality project employees are YSI trained in routine maintenance and general preventive diagnosis Regular maintenance includes changing batteries and or battery caps replacing and lubricating O rings replacing probes and port plugs
65. cean due to its location is the only sampling site with marine salinity 35 psu throughout the water year 11 Table 3 1 1 1 Monthly average salinity in psu for all sites in the Salinity Monitoring Network 245 1957 aie 25 268 nui vu 33 82 3022 2459 1872 1 1635 2859 162 sum o ns 16m nui 3015 117 1935 2036 2224 2525 3302 3026 1057 1677 2s 2145 2482 31 285 Er 2251 2436 225 mi 2571 EH 2 82 2624 2636 2231 mar 177 1535 1878 nul xn 2125 2128 3 2 Monthly Summaries Each month is summarized using the kriged GIS maps found in Appendix IV Each map shows the interpolated average salinity in Biscayne Bay for the specific month Summary statistics by month area listed in Table 3 2 1 Table 3 2 1 Salinity summary stati Network s psu by month for all sites in the Salinity Monitoring Salinity Monitoring Average Minimum Maximum Standard Network psu Salinity Salinity Salinity Deviation 11 09 29 1 20 6 357 4 09 12 09 26 0 175 345 4 61 01 10 27 6 19 5 35 3 3 69 02 10 26 2 179 34 6 443 03 10 267 194 352 4 29 04 10 26 1 15 3 36 2 6 17 05 10 27 0
66. counts will 4 Select Ending oR always be 96 Date aw 6 Click Submit 1 Select Missing Data Blocks 4 Inserting a null value measurement used to fill in gaps In the EVER webpage select Measurement Null Value Insert Select the station datatype Enter the beginning date and time of the cycle Enter the ending date and time of the cycle Under Reason for missing value list the reason for the gap Under Delete yn select no this allows you to replace all the missing data in the time frame with a null value Under Really select yes Really yes makes changes no allows you to see changes without making them permanent Click submit Appendix II 35 PET LITTLE LR ua an N A Select Beginning time 3 s select Ending date 1 Select Measurement j Fortine Null Value Insert a em T 6 Select Ending Time J p 7 Select reason for aur value missing Ta Under Detete E 9 Click Submit ya always select otherwise it zu mrs will override all FUE c nd data ss 5 Interpolation of the data Now the data is ready to be calibrated Here is the rational behind calibrations The data is assumed to be accurate when itis first deployed However over time the signal may degrade all scientific equipment does this
67. curacy as percent of reading and the other quoting accuracy as percent of range Clearly the error for the former instrument is 0 005 x 800 4 uS cm However the accuracy for the latter instrument is the same anywhere in the 0 5000 uS em range and is 0 005 x 5000 25 uS cm Thus for the percent of reading instrument the measured value is 800 4 4 uS cm 0 5 c while for the percent of range instrument the measured value is 800 4 25 uS em 3 1 Note that at the top of any range the percent of range and percent of reading accuracy specifications are identical However for values less than the top of each range the actual accuracy is always better for an instrument specified in the percent of reading protocol The same conductivity system is used on all EPG instruments 600R 600XL 6820 6920 600XLM and 6000UPG The following actual data were recorded using Model 600R but the results will be typical of all sondes In the experiment the sonde was placed in 10 mS cm conductivity standard certified by YSI s Metrology unit to be accurate to 0 25 The instrument was calibrated according to the instructions outlined in the manual and then several instrument readings recorded at a 1 minute sample interval to demonstrate the system stability The sensor was carefully rinsed with deionized water and then dried The sonde was then placed in 1 0 mS em standard certified to be accurate to 0 5 and the instrument readings recorded with
68. curacy of the data Most of these changes are related to how the data is managed and altered after downloading The aim of organizing the data is to create a complete dataset that spa 1 Download the data from the sonde into a text file Table 1 Example of data that is taken directly from a YSI P1725711 01 25 11 01 25 11 01 25 11 01 25 11 01 25 11 01 25 11 01 25 11 01 25 11 01 25 11 01 25 11 995599999981 Temp 21 43 21 48 21 42 21 37 21 40 21 41 21 34 21 29 21 27 21 35 21141 17 63 17 17 17 22 17 25 17 05 17 09 17 37 17 75 18 04 17 83 17 69 Sal Depth Battery volts ppt meters 10 42 0 408 10 13 0 429 10 16 0 458 10 18 0 480 10 05 0 505 10 07 0 532 10 26 0 556 0 10 50 0 10 69 0 609 10 55 0 10146 0 complete calendar year 2 Fill out the following Site Data Validation Forms for each site using the uploaded text file containing the raw data from the sonde Data Load Interpolation Filename Begin p Time End End entered Begin Begin Begin Date 15 Date Time toserver_ Graph time Cond Interpolation validated Write down filename beginning date and time ending date and time and beginning conductivity Once the data load and interpolation columns are completed upload the data into the database and check mark the corresponding column Graph each parameters tem
69. ded to a local computer as a text file and submitted to the Everglades National Park DataForEver Database This avoids potential errors from manipulating data to adjust format and make data corrections outside of the database Only the actual data from the deployment is uploaded to the database The readings before the deployment and after retrieval are not uploaded into the database The weather and site field data collected at deployment sites is entered into an Access database along with information about the calibration of each instrument used at every si Once the data file is uploaded to the South Florida Natural Resource Center s Database DataForEver it is reviewed for outliers and instrument malfunctions In the event that there single outlier data points in which one salinity data point suddenly decreases over 5 around a linear regression of the data to find outliers where the salinity increases are anomalies canal discharge and rainfall measurements are checked to determine whether they would be the cause for 10 the sudden change in salinity value If a large rainfall canal discharge was recorded a few days prior to the outlying data point the data point will be retained Otherwise the point is deleted When data points from surface sites fall below the depth of zero it is assumed that the meter came out of water during those readings so these data are disregarded unless these phenomena occurred at ot
70. e cal cup Run attended sample with Dirty run cal cup Select 1 Run Select 1 Discrete Sample Select 1 Start Sampling Allow to stabilize Record values on Calibration sheet for that file Esc to main menu Disconnect sonde 2 2 Clean Instrument and probe Clean Sonde and Probe Dry probe 2 3 Clean Post Calibration check Reconnect Sonde and place in Clamp Rinse probe with clean rinse cal cup Use clean run cal cup to run discrete sample Allow to stabilize Appendix II 22 Record readings on the correct calibration sheet Esc to main menu 3 0 Calibration of the instrument Leave Sonde in clamp and in the clean cal cup for calibration Get new Cal sheet from the Orange Cal sheet folder From main menu Select 2 Calibrate Select 2 Pressure When asked to enter depth in Sondes enter 0 0 Then press enter Allow to stabilize then press enter again to start Press enter to verify calibration again Select 1 Conductivity Select 1 SpCond Enter Sp Conductivity standard value 50 Enter Allow to run until stable then enter again to calibrate Press enter when desired value is stable Record values of calibration on new calibration sheet On new calibration sheet record pressure at time of calibration Rinse probe of calibrated Sonde in fresh water fresh cal cup Dry probe Use fresh cal cup to run discrete sample to determine 0 check Esc to main menu In order to record Cal constant Esc to m
71. e sampling events specific site s imported into a Microsoft Access preadsheet for the QAQC From this point the data is graphed to help identify errors Each sampling event is graphed into the database There is a graph for each of the major variables including temperature salinity specific conductivity depth versus time The graphs produced from this step are used later on for data interpolation In addition the graphs allow for easy detection of data points recorded prior to actual deployment that were not deleted These can be easily seen since their depths are at zero For instance the top meter falls out of the buoy and onto the bay floor When this occurs the depth will dramatically increase and can then be deleted Since the variables are so different these errors can usually be seen and fixed easily Any changes in the data based on the graphs is then inputted into a database that will allow us to keep track of what changes needed to be done to the data In this database any malfunction of the probes is also noted even if they can t be fixed Validating Data The data is then sent to DataForEver website to validated The data is uploaded to the database site that allows for specific conductivity and salinity variables to be calibrated based on the data from the sampling event immediately after it This is important since the data over time may be affected by biofouling This comparison is done by ass
72. ect value the meter is recalibrated Depth Depth is determined using a pressure sensor Barometric pressure taken from a Princo Nova mercury barometer located in the laboratory is recorded on the calibration sheet and the depth is calibrated to 0 meters Atmospheric pressure is noted to ensure the meters are responding throughout the expected measurement range If an incorrect reading is observed the sensor will be cleaned and rechecked If the problem is not corrected by cleaning the manufacturer is contacted for instructions recommendations Weather Data portable weather instrument Kestrel Pocket Weather Tracker is used to record deployment time air temperature barometric pressure in mm Hg and wind speed at the time retrieval and deployment Wind direction wave height and the meter identification number are also recorded onto field data sheets at each deployment site the data collected at deployment sites is entered into a database along with information about the calibration of each instrument used at every site This facilitates QA QC for an individual data sonde s repetitive malfunction due to site specific or weather related conditions Time on the weather instrument is standardized to Eastern Standard Time at the beginning of each deployment trip with the atomic clock in Boulder Colorado 24 Data downloading and Post Calibration Using YSI Endeco EcoWatch software the raw field data is downloa
73. eference for all years sampled Given this sponse it is likely that both discharge and groundwater are required to maintain low salinity zones By using these figures and comparing monthly canal discharge patterns Figure 4 6b to salinity patterns in the Bay and monthly plots of the salinity zone for the period of record Figure 4 6a a larger role for 27 Cubic FeotiSecond CFS groundwater in maintaining this area than has previously been considered is apparent Appendix Estuarine Zones A Biscayne Bay Monthly Salinty Compared to Performance Measures v d ve 7000 eam n ares of peach 20 foe som awo EI 100 Monthly Canal Discharge in ce summed 8206 206 S21A 821 8123 Figure 4 1 10 a Estimated actual area of salinity below 20 psu vs CERP performance measure estuarine area in acres b Canal Discharge in CFS to show the relationship between discharge and 28 4 1 2 Manatee Bay performance measure The current RECOVER Biscayne Bay CERP performance measures for Manatee Bay and Barnes Sound are as follows Manatee Bay and Barnes Sound Performance Measure Wet Season The wet season June October salinity restoration target specifies maintaining an average salinity between 5 and 15 psu in coastal embayments and Manatee Bay between 15 and 30 psu at the mouths of coastal embayments and Barnes Sound and between 15 and 30 psu within Barnes Sound for 90 of
74. eployment that were not deleted in the first step Any data errors and obvious data problems can then be seen in this step Any errors including battery failure or incorrect depth reading indicate that the data must be viewed much more closely This could be seen for example if a top instrument falls out of the buoy and onto the bay floor then the depth will dramatically increase and so this information can then be deleted in the data validation step Since the data are generally consistent these errors can usually be seen and fixed easily Any changes that are made to the data based on the graphs are made in the database allowing us to keep track of changes that are made to the raw data In this database any malfunction of the probes is also noted even if the data cannot be fixed in this case the data is removed from final approved dataset and null values inserted All Raw data and changes made to it are maintained in the database along with the approved validated data g 3 3 2 Data Evaluation and processing Evaluation of the data occurs before the raw data is validated in the database The purpose of this procedure is to ensure that the data being imported to the database was recording the correct location and that each parameter temperature conductivity depth and salinity is within acceptable limits of the instrument This also confirms that the instrument is recording properly The evaluation of data is accomplished t
75. es Server if you use the measurement function be careful what data you are deleting This function PERMANENTLY REMOVES THE DATA FROM THE SERVER and you cannot access them again If you accidentally delete it you will need to re import the data Appendix 38 TROUBLESHOOTING Graphing Errors 1 2 1 If an entire dataset is significantly off this may mean that either you graphed the wrong data or you graphed the wrong site If the beginning and ends of data are really off This means that you did not delete the data that was recorded on the datasonde before it was deployed You need to delete it for not just that datatype but for all the datatypes in that site If there is an overlap you need to re input the data from the overlapping dataset to fill the whole If the spcond sharply goes down to 0 This can be caused by the meter drying out especially during low tide Check the depth if it goes down below 0 you need to delete it Errors in the insert null value These are the rarest of errors If you accidentally set the data range to improper date or time it is not a big deal Just ignore it lentally select y delete values you need to delete the range and re input the If you get an error message that says no data collection frequency you need to set the data up to have a data collection frequency Select data collection frequency select a date before any of the data that you have
76. eters below water surface Instrument deployment is set up to allow the simultaneous reading by two instruments This data is then used in the QA QC process At those sites with horizontal deployment the instrument is locked onto a concrete paver fitted with two eyebolts At one end the smaller eyebolt has two UV black cable ties as guide and a means to hold the instruments together at consistent depth The both instruments are inserted through one large black UV resistant cable tie on each side of the eyebolt to hold the meters in the correct position Figure 2 22 2 b The other eye at the far end of the paver is used to lock the instrument down with a brass padlock Only the instrument that will remain on the bottom for the subsequent deployment will be locked During horizontal deployment it is essential the sensor be facing sideways to prevent flow through the opening to the sensor from being blocked by biofouling organisms At vertical deployment sites the U bolt of the meter cage is attached to an eye pin cemented into the bay floor using a brass padlock In case of possible lock failure a heavy duty cable tie is fitted between the U bolt and eye pin for extra support b 4 Deployment of YSI Salinity Instruments Appendix II 7 b Hori ment of meter Vertical deployment of meter Figure 2 2 2 2 Different Instrument Deployment Arrangements 3 0 Calibration Procedures and Frequency YSI Data Sonde cali
77. eviously deployed sonde This allowed overlap of readings with a newly calibrated instrument in order to determine drift of the previous instrument This final data was then entered into the DataforEver data base for reference New sites were deployed over a period of three months The period of record for sample sites area shown in Table 2 1 2 During optimization an attempt was made to improve the usefulness of the sites for kriging The maps were created using the kriging method in Arcmap version 9 3 This method uses interpolation which predicts unknown values from data observed at known locations Journel et al 1981 This method uses variogram to express the spatial variation and it minimizes the error of predicted values which are estimated by spatial distribution of the predicted values Salinity was collected in 15 minutes intervals and then averaged for the entire month Data from all the si were used in this interpolation Data is viewed using kriging to develop isohalines in ArcMap GIS and map these month for wet season dry season and by year to better visualize the data These isohaline plots are useful for comparisons with biological data and for presentations The validity of the krieged maps depend upon the locations and number of sites to be included in the analysis During reconfiguration some sites were added to provide better coverage kriging while some sites were removed that were deemed unnecessary Sites were
78. existed along with a time For the count select 96 This is the total number of times the meter makes a measurement per day Then do insert null value again Errors in Involved During Estimating Linear Interpolation If the first row data does not match Double check the Site Data Validation Forms and make sure you entered them correctly Check to make sure the information on the Site Data Validation Forms is correct Open up the text file and double check to make sure the values are correct If the data on the server is not similar to either of them then you have the wrong data in putted into the server Delete the data and reenter it If the data on the server does not match the data on the overlap at all then you imported the wrong data so delete it and reimport it Appendix II 39 VIII DIRECTORY OF FILES AND FOLDERS 1 Raw Data Files DAT files are in the pc6000 folder RAWater Quality Pc6000 DATA 2 Configuration Settings are in the pc 6000 folder R Water Quality P6000 DATA 3 Text files txt are in the pc6000 folder RAWater Quality Pc6000 DATA 4 Data that has just been downloaded DAT Configuration Settings and text files RAWater Qualitj Water Quality GrouplSalinityProjectlnfolDataWQ YSI 20 Uploaded Data 5 All excel sheets access sheets graphs and instructions for water quality project are in the SalinityProjectInfo folder R Water Quality Water Quality Group SalinityProjectInfo Data WQ_YSI_20 6
79. f Black Point highest variance along the shoreline and higher values annee anann ovo o 22000 arm Q oso SPAMD canas 2 4 Miles Figure 3 3 1 Variance proportional to dot size mapped for the year 2010 20 4 0 CERP Performance Biscayne Bay and Manatee Bay 4 1 1 Biscayne Bay Performance measure The CERP Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands BBCW project and the RECOVER Southeast Estuaries teams have developed performance measures for Biscayne Bay These performance measurements include re establishing a persistent estuarine zone of varying salinity depending on season and fresh water input along the western shoreline of portions of Central and Southern ayne Bay In the area between Turkey Point and Shoal Point the restoration goal is to establish zone of mesohaline 5 18 psu conditions with lower salinity in connecting tidal creeks These targets were then defined for the area from the shoreline eastward to between 250 m and 500 m offshore Both wet and dry season targets were established in the area between Turkey Point and Shoal Point where the wet season June 1 through October 31 has an average target salinity of 20 psu in an area extending 500 from shore and the dry season November 1 through May 31 target has an average salinity of 20 psu in an area extending 250 m from shore Figure 4 1 1
80. gust2010 August 2010 Average Monthly Average Monthly Salinity psu Salinity psu 13 Em a5 5 10 0 15 19 46 20 21 20 25 2 25 30 25 20 35 25 40 2 Sampling locations Cends 3 Appendix IV Figure 3 2 10 Interpolated average salinity in Biscayne Bay for August 2010 Data from 38 sites was used in this interpolation The data was collected in 15 minute intervals and then averaged for the entire month Appendix 11 I 1 i Legend a September 2010 September 2010 Average Monthly Average Monthly Salinity psu Salinity psu a5 mo 15 5 10 10 15 19 15 20 g 2 25 23 25 30 25 BH 20 35 27 EH 25 40 38 Sampling locetons Canals Florida 35 a Appendix IV Figure 3 2 11 Interpolated average salinity in Biscayne Bay for September 2010 Data from 36 sites was used in this interpolation The data was collected in 15 minute intervals and then averaged for the entire month Appendix 12 Legend October2010 October 2010 Average Monthly Average Monthly Salinity psu Salinity psu 13 mo 15 mmn 5 10 10 15 19 18 20 21 30 25 2 25 30 25 BH 30 35 27 BH 55 40 2 Sampling locations Canals L7 Appendix IV Figure 3 2 12
81. he area of Biscayne Bay affected by the CERP This project was identified by the Evaluation Team Southern Estuaries subteam of RECOVER Restoration Coordination and Verification now known as the Southern Coastal Systems team This project is intended to evaluate changes due to local CERP projects such as the Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands Project L 31N Seepage Management Project 111 Spreader Canal Project as well as the changes due to alterations in flow due to the broader system wide CERP project It was initiated in FY2004 to overlap with the data collection effort for the Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands BBCW Project modeling data collection effort This was seen as way to use the two projects to collect information more rapidly and cover more area The sites that were chosen for the BBCW are expanded under the MAP project and are being integrated with sites in North Biscayne Bay that are sampled by Miami Dade County Department of Environmental Resources Management DERM This project s objectives are to 1 Continue monitoring salinity conductivity temperature and depth at all agreed upon stations 2 Provide this quality assured data to other scientists and managers via the DASR CERPZone or via the NPS websites 3 Establish reference conditions document temporal and spatial variability of salinity in the western near shore region of Biscayne Bay 4 Determine the status and trends of a key variable of
82. her instrument sites If the pattern is the same at other sites with depth values apparently appearing slightly above water surface it is assume that this was an atmospheric pressure phenomenon and these values are left in the data set Once the data file is QA QC d null values are entered into empty time slots and the data is run through Estimated Linear Interpolation It is assumed that a newly deployed instrument is reading correctly and that drift could have occurred in the retrieved instrument Using DataForEver database the data are plotted to see whether the overlap in readings corresponds to the same pattern of increase decrease in salinity If the readings from the previous file match or follow the same pattern as the file that follows the database uses the first reading of the deployed meter file to interpolate the drift that occurred between the first reading of the retrieved meter file and the last reading of the retrieved meter file If the final reading of the previous retrieved meter file and the first reading of the deployed meter file do not match or follow the same pattern the first dirty post calibration reading is used to determine the linear interpolation After Estimation Linear Interpolation is completed the data is validated Data Validation performs two vital roles it removes data that only the group collecting the data could identify as invalid and it verifies a consistent data set that is verified to withi
83. hrough a series of reviews and checks The results are reviewed by the technician performing the data download to spot any obvious errors and to confirm that the sonde is recording properly After a final review the technician decides if the data is acceptable for final importation to the database for processing Appendix V 12 3 3 3 Data Validation Once the raw data file is uploaded to the South Florida Natural Resource Center s Database DataForEver itis reviewed for outliers and instrument malfunctions This is done by comparison of the results of simultaneous data during dual deployment and post deployment checks Using DataForEver database the data are plotted to see whether the overlap in readings corresponds to the same pattern of increase decrease in salinity If the readings from the previous file match or follow the same pattern as the file that follows the database uses the first reading the deployed meter file to interpolate the drift that occurred between the first reading of the retrieved meter file and the last reading of the retrieved meter file If the final reading of the previous retrieved meter file and the first reading of the deployed meter file do not match or follow the same pattern the first dirty post calibration reading is used to determine the linear interpolation Once the data file is QA QC d null values are entered into empty time slots After Estimation Linear Interpolation is completed
84. inal salinity monitoring network in Biscayne Bay was configured to provide a better understanding of general salinity patterns within Biscayne National Park This configuration was supplemented in 2005 with additional stations to better monitor nearshore areas of Biscayne Bay considered to be important sentinel sites for monitoring changes in salinity due to Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan CERP projects implementation At the time salinity measurements in the shallow nearshore zone were especially needed because 1 no data is existed for this region 2 this area exhibited high salinity dynamics 3 this region was the focus of multiple performance measures and 4 had the greatest potential of being affected by CERP After reviewing the last 5 years of data collected by the network it has been determined by the Southern Coastal Systems Assessment Team Module that an optimization of the existing network is warranted The new sampling design aims to provide data to better asses downstream effects of the Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands BBCW Project on nearshore salinity regimes supplement ongoing MAP biological monitoring in Biscayne Bay and to provide continuous salinity data to Biscayne Bay modeling efforts except 01 and 05 will be discontinued It has been deemed that 5 years of surface data purposes documenting the occurrence and extent of stratification and determining bottom surface salinity relationships The
85. inity was measured at Turkey Point headpin 36 1 psu and the lowest between Princeton and C 1 Canals 15 4 psu Table 3 11 1 An estuarine zone was present from Military to C 1 Canals with salinities less than 20 psu This also the first time that May is experiencing estuarine conditions with usually no salinities under 30 psu All the sites north of Black point had salinities over 23 psu Appendix IV Figure 3 2 1 Average salinity in Manatee Bay and Barnes Sound was around 28 psu June 2010 In June 2010 average salinity was 26 1 psu 7 22 Monthly salinity ranged between 9 9 and 37 psu Table 3 11 1 Lowest average salinity was found between Princeton and C 1 Canals Appendix IV Figure 3 2 8 Highest salinity was found at Turkey Point headpin 37 psu Salinities ranged between 14 1019 psu from Mowry to North of Black Point Salinities increased n moving offshore with 3 sites above 35 psu Table 3 1 1 1 Average salinity in Manatee Bay and Barnes Sound ranged between 29 4 and 32 2 psu In accordance to the optimization project mangrove sites were stopped during this month July 2010 In July 2010 average monthly salinity increased to 28 5 psu 6 94 Table 3 2 1 Estuarine conditions were present between Fender Point and Black Point with a lowest salinity of 14 6 psu The highest average salinity was found at Turkey Point headpin 40 8 psu Table 3 1 1 1 Average salinity ranged between 21 to 25 psu from Con
86. inse water used in calibration procedures is de ionized water obtained from a Millipore Direct Q Water Filtration System with a conductivity of 0 0 mS cm standard the 50 mS cm Appendix II 10 3 3 Instrument Calibration Records Instrument calibration response is recorded on lab calibration sheets which are then placed in the calibration logbook laboratory technicians maintain this logbook The format for the calibration sheets is shown in Figure 3 1 This metadata is also entered into a Microsoft Office Access database A checklist shown in Appendix B outlines step by step procedures used by BISC lab technicians during the calibration process 4 0 Field and Laboratory Quality Control Checks Quality control procedures are those steps taken by laboratory and field to insure accuracy in data collection and reliability of the data itself 4 1 Field Quality Control Checks Quality control checks performed in the field are the following 1 Field sheets are used to record which sonde is being deployed and which sonde is being retrieved Each sonde has a unique identification number displayed on the exterior in black marker corresponding to a unique YSI serial number Appendix D These field sheets are then placed in the field logbook The format used for this data sheet is shown in Figure 4 1 1 2 Field technicians are to verbally confirm sonde identification upon deployment and retrieval to an
87. ions close to 25 C where the standard accuracy is specified to minimize any temperature compensation errors 4 The sensor was new with perfectly clean electrodes A compromise of any of these factors could have resulted in readings that were apparently outside of the accuracy specification Note YSI quotes typical accuracy specifications for all sensors that we believe characterize most of our instruments The data shown above as well as additional conductivity data that supports the accuracy specification are from internal YSI studies Appendix II 25 Appendix Meter Identification Numbers and Month Naming Convention BISC BISC Data Sonde ID Sonde Data Sonde ID Sonde Serial Number Number Type Serial Number Number Type 02H 1078 12 6600 04H14806 79 6600 02H 1078 05 6600 80 6600 0110554 11 6600 05 1443 6600 0110554 10 6600 82 6600 03H 1584 31 6600 83 6600 32 6600 6600 34 6600 04K 17392 85 6600 35 6600 041 15024 87 6600 36 6600 0415025 89 6600 03H 1510 37 6600 04115215 6600 38 6600 92 6600 39 6600 05 1534 93 6600 41 6600 94 6600 03J 0442 AC 44 6600 95 6600
88. ith deionized water to ensure accurate calibration and is noted on the Calibration Sheet In the event the zero check does not read zero the meter is recalibrated Depth Depth is determined using a pressure sensor Barometric pressure taken from a Princo Nova mercury barometer located in the laboratory is recorded on the calibration sheet and the depth is calibrated to 0 meters Atmospheric pressure is noted to ensure the meters are responding throughout the expected measurement range If an incorrect reading is observed the sensor will be cleaned and rechecked If the problem is not corrected by cleaning the manufacturer is contacted for instructions recommendations d Weather Data A portable weather instrument Kestrel Pocket Weather Tracker is used to record deployment time air temperature barometric pressure in mm Hg and wind speed at the time of retrieval and deployment Wind direction wave height and the meter identification number are also recorded onto field data sheets at each deployment site Figure 5 All the data collected at deployment sites is entered into a database along with information about the calibration of each instrument used at every site Time on the weather instrument is standardized to Eastern Standard Time at the beginning of each deployment trip with the atomic clock in Boulder Colorado Once all meters are deployed within the zone there is a waiting period of a minimum of one hour before
89. ities were almost the same than February 2010 Appendix Figure 3 2 5 The lowest salinity 19 4 psu was measured in near Fender Point Table 3 1 1 1 Salinities were under 25 psu from Mowry Canal to sites located between C 100 and Black Point Salinity increased offshore to approximately 33 psu in the mid bay region The highest salinity was 35 2 psu on the site at Adams Key The average monthly salinity was 26 7 psu c 4 29 Table 3 2 1 April 2010 Average monthly salinity in April 2010 was 26 1 psu 6 17 Table 3 2 1 Minimum average salinity for this month was 15 3 psu site near Mowry Canal All the western mangrove sites located between Mowry and Princeton Canal had salinities below 20 psu This month was the first to experience estuarine conditions less than 20 psu in 2010 This is also the first time since 2004 April has salinities below 20 psu Sites located Deering Estate had salinities between 26 and 28 5 psu Alll the other sites throughout the bay had average salinity above 30 psu Appendix IV Figure 3 2 6 The highest salinity was measured at Adams key 36 2 psu Manatee Bay and Barnes Sound had average salinities of 26 psu witch was 10 psu lower than April 2009 Biscayne Bay had an average salinity 11 psu lower in April 2010 than in April 2009 May 2010 The average salinity in the Bay for May 2010 was 27 psu c 5 8 which was 11 psu less than May 2009 Table 3 2 1 The highest average sal
90. l 12 VDC Battery Life Approximately 290 days at 20 C at 15 minute logging intervals a 40 second DO warm up time and turbidity and chlorophyll active Performance Specifications Non vented Level Shallow Sensor Type Stainless steel strain gauge Range 010 30 feet 9 1 meters 0 06 feet 0 018 meters Resolution 0001 feet 0 001 meters Temperature Sensor Type Thermistor Range 5 10 45 C 015 001 200 meters Salinity Appendix II 42 Sensor Calculated from conductivity and temperature Range 0 to 70 ppt Accuracy 1 0 of reading or 0 1 ppt whichever is greater Resolution 0 01 ppt Conductivity Sensor Type 4 electrode cell with autoranging Oto 100 mS cm 0 5 of reading 0 001 mS cm Resolution 0 001 mS cm to 0 1 mS cm range dependent Depth 200 meters Appendix II 43 Appendix Figures Appendix III 1 Legend November 2009 November 2009 Average Monthly Average Monthly Salinity psu Salinity psu 13 mo 18 R 17 o is 19 E 15 20 120 25 LEES 36 2 Sampling Locations renga 35 Appendix IV Figure 3 2 1 Interpolated average salinity in Biscayne Bay for November 2009 Data from 33 sites was used in this interpolation The data was co
91. lity as the site of a marine hatching and experiment station Report of the Commissioner U S Commission of Fish and Fisheries for the year ending June 30 1895 21 Pp 169_191 Stalker J C R M Price and Swart 2009 Determining Spatial and Temporal Inputs of Freshwater Including Submarine Groundwater Discharge to a Subtropical Estuary Using Geochemical Tracers Biscayne Bay South Florida Estuaries and Coasts 32 694708 Teas H J 1976 Productivity of mangroves in Biscayne Bay Pp 103 112 In Thorhaug A and A Volker Eds Biscayne Bay Past Present and Future Sea Grant Special Report No 5 University of Miami Florida 315 p van de Kreeke J and J D Wang 1984 Hydrography of north Biscayne Bay Part I Results of field measurements Metro Dade County Fla Environ Resour Manag and Fla Sea Grant 85 PP Wanless H R 1976 Geologic setting and recent sediments of the Biscayne Bay region p 1 32 In Thorhaug A and Volker A Eds Biscayne Bay Past Present and Future Sea Grant Special Report No 5 University of Miami Florida 315 Appendix I Biscayne Bay Nearshore Salinity Monitoring Network Optimization Appendix I 1 Biscayne Bay Nearshore Salinity Monitoring Network Optimization The intended purpose of the Monitoring and Assessment Plan MAP is to document restoration induced change and to provide data amenable to adaptively managing the operation of constructed features The orig
92. llected in 15 minute intervals and then averaged for the entire month Appendix 2 aT Legend December2009 December 2009 Average Monthly Average Monthly Salinity psu Salinity psu m 5 5 10 15 19 ES 15 20 25 a E 25 Eo 25 moo Sempling Locations Canals 4 8 4 35 st Appendix IV Figure 3 2 2 Interpolated average salinity in Biscayne Bay for December 2009 Data from 33 sites was used in this interpolation The data was collected in 15 minute intervals and then averaged for the entire month Appendix 3 Legend m January2010 January 2010 UY Average Monthly Average Monthly Salinity psu Salinity ipsu 13 mo E 5 10 EH 0 15 15 20 3 mu 20 25 z BH 25 30 30 35 C ERI 2 Sampling locations 3 Cenas d d hc af oon Appendix IV Figure 3 2 3 Interpolated average salinity in Biscayne Bay for January 2010 Data from 33 sites was used in this interpolation The data was collected in 15 minute intervals and then averaged for the entire month Appendix 4 Legend February2010 February 2010 Average Monthly Average Monthly Salinity ipsu Salinity psu 8 15
93. ls on calibration and post calibration procedures see Appendix QA QC Plan Temperature The temperature probe is checked during calibration using a laboratory traceable NIST Celsius thermometer A temperature reading must be within 0 15 degrees Celsius to be acceptable If the check does not meet these requirements the sonde will be checked If the sonde still does not prove correct the associated data will be flagged and the unit will then be sent to the manufacturer for service The temperature probe is maintenance and service of the instrument so checked by the factory during any Conductivity The conductivity probe is calibrated by filling the calibration cup with a tracable YSI conductivity standard of 50 ms em and is adjusted to that value The calibration is accepted if the sonde reads within 0 5 of the true value of the standard If the reading does not meet these limits the problem will be determined and corrected Note Instruments measure conductance and temperature from these readings the meter then calculates specific conductance and salinity Conductivity is calibrated using one point The YSI 6600 meets or exceeds advertised conductivity specifications with a single point calibration However a check is done with a solution of low specific conductivity to ensure accurate calibration throughout the possible data range and is noted on the Calibration Sheet In the event the check does not readthe corr
94. m E pais 5 Appendix IV Figure 3 2 7 Interpolated average salinity in Biscayne Bay May 2010 Data from 32 sites was used in this interpolation The data was collected in 15 minute intervals and then averaged for the entire month Appendix 8 Legend June 2010 June 2010 Average Monthly Average Monthly Salinity psu Salinity psu 13 Eo 45 5 10 15 19 18 20 20 25 5 30 25 20 35 27 35 40 2 Sampling locations Canals Appendix IV Figure 3 2 8 Interpolated average salinity in Biscayne Bay for June 2010 Data from 36 sites was used in this interpolation The data was collected in 15 minute intervals and then averaged for the entire month Appendix III 9 Legend July 2010 July 2010 Average Monthly Average Monthly Salinity psu Salinity psu 43 15 E 5 10 47 1 15 19 0005 20 n 2 25 3 5 30 25 BH 30 36 EH 5 40 gt Sampling locations Canals 3 Appendix IV Figure 3 2 9 Interpolated average salinity in Biscayne Bay for July 2010 Data from 38 sites was used in this interpolation The data was collected in 15 minute intervals and then averaged for the entire month Appendix 10 Legend Au
95. mperature 3 1 2 Conductivity 3 1 3 Depth 3 1 4 Weather Data 3 2 Calibration Standards 3 3 Instrument Calibration Records 4 0 Field and Laboratory Quality Control Checks 4 1 Field Quality Control Checks 4 2 Laboratory Quality Control Checks 5 0 Data Evaluation Validation and Reporting 5 1 Data Evaluation 5 2 Data Validation 5 3 Data Reporting 6 0 Preventive Maintenance 6 1 Laboratory Maintenance 6 2 Field Maintenance 7 0 References Appendix A Sonde Set Up Appendix B Sonde Calibration Appendix Linearity Accuracy of Conductivity Sensors on YSI 6 series sondes Appendix D Meter Identification Numbers and Month Naming Convention Appendix E Methods for Data Management Appendix F Data Error Categories Appendix G Sensor Specifications Appendix II 2 1 0 Introduction This is a Quality Assurance Quality Control QA QC plan for all field data collection laboratory procedures data validation and verification for the REstoration COordination and VERification RECOVERYBiscayne Bay Salinity Monitoring Network This plan is also intended to meet the requirements of quality control and assurance of field testing as outlined by the South Florida Water Management District SFWMD The following plan describes the objectives functional activities and specific quality assurance and control procedures for the collection of physical data in Biscayne Bay to support the Monitoring and Assessment Program MAP for the Comprehe
96. mpling time Meters are set up to take measurements every 15 minutes The correct timing for these measurements is 0 00 0 15 0 30 and 0 45 Occasionally the instruments can drift from this schedule usually by small increments and the sampling schedule can change This has rarely been observed in the current data set Machine error can also be due to electronic failure or in some cases probe failure with temperature and conductivity being out of the specifications range Environmental Error Historically in earlier salinity sampling programs review of this work showed that environmental errors can be due to instrument drift likely resulting from organismal use of the sensor or biofouling Biofouling may be due to but not limited to microalgal or bacterial colonization of the instrument or from macro organisms such as barnacles tunicates bryozoans worms or mollusks In some areas of the bay large clumps of drift algae tumble along the bottom of the water column When this group of algae gets caught on an instrument it allows organisms to move in and out of the sensor and may affect the data The sampling protocol currently employed provides for the instrument to be cleaned and recalibrated in the laboratory rather than in the field This removes micro encrustations that serve as the basis for further fouling so that all fouling growth starts in the lag phase and so takes much longer to build up the more destructive macro organismal
97. n area 20 psu in May 2010 Figure 4 1 5 Estuarine Zone area meeting CERP PM green area 20 psu in June 2010 Figure 4 1 6 Estuarine Zone area meeting Figure 4 1 8 Estuarine Zone area meeting CERP PM green area lt 20 psu in July 2010 CERP PM green area 20 psu in September 2010 Figure 4 1 7 Estuarine Zone area meeting Figure 4 1 9 Estuarine Zone area meeting CERP PM green area 20 psu in August CERP PM green area 20 psu in October 2010 2010 24 Examination of freshwater inflow data from canals discharging into Biscayne Bay and the resulting estuarine areas are presented in Table 4 1 2 There were fluctuations in monthly average annual salinity over the water year 2009 2010 Between August 2010 and September 2010 average monthly salinity levels decreased by 7 psu Table 3 2 1 Canal discharge based on the sum of measured flows at the coastal outfalls S20F 200 21 S21 and 123 increased during this same time period from 292 86 to 324 05 Kaf Table 4 1 2 During the end of the wet season the South Florida Water Management District SFWMD typically lowers the groundwater stage through large freshwater releases As a result September had the lowest salinity for this period and formed the largest estuarine zones covering 4 261 acres Table 4 1 1 There was a larger estuarine zone area in 2010 than in 2009 with lower monthly average salinity Table 4 1 2
98. n the specified parameters and then can be made available to the public 3 0 Data Analysis and Results 3 1 Annual Results 2009 2010 3 1 1 Salinity November 2009 October 2010 The annual average water year salinity as recorded by this network between November 2009 and October 2010 was 26 4 practical salinity units psu Table 3 1 1 1 The lowest average monthly salinity by site for the time period was 8 8 psu western mangroves site between Fender Point and Black Point site B6 and the highest average monthly salinity was 43 6 psu Turkey Point headpin Table 3 1 1 1 Lowest average monthly salinities were found at the inshore sites located between C 1 Black Creek and C 103 Mowery Canal canals Slightly higher salinities were noted at the nearshore areas north of Black Point Sites with the highest average salinities were located furthest offshore approaching seawater levels Site 10 located near Adams Key exhibited the highest overall average salinity during this period 36 8 psu 0 91 due to its proximity to oceanic waters 3 1 25 2009 2010 An increasing salinity trend was observed from west to east into the more ocean influenced area the Bay Salinities greater than 30 psu are observed throughout the year at many sites Southern sites south of Turkey Point have generally higher average salinity than the rest of the network Adams Key Site 10 which is directly influenced by the o
99. natee bay and Barnes Sound The sampling sites are set up as a series of east west transects that radiate outward from canals or other interesting hydrological features These transects are meant to document a progression of estuarine conditions from near shore to marine conditions offshore There are twenty sites in the mangrove zone which are expected to be the first area affected by changes in freshwater delivery to the bay Twenty four sites are located in the central area of the bay Sites were also chosen as special interest areas such Black Point and Turkey Point and Barnes Sound and Manatee Bay because of their hydrology and proximity to key environmental concerns and changes in water flow The multi probe instruments used for the collection of data are YSI Environmental 6600 Series Surface measurements are taken 0 25 meters below the water surface where meters are placed within a specially designed navigational surface buoy The instruments are also deployed at sites within the bay on the bay floor The sites with navigational surface buoys have bottom meters deployed horizontally to reduce interaction with the attachment chain of the buoy Only three bottom sites are still deployed vertically Figure 3 The distance from the bottom is measured at each site At those sites where there is horizontal deployment the meter will be locked onto a concrete paver fitted with two eyebolts At one end the smaller eyebolt has two UV black cable ties
100. nged site also known as 14 84 25 92947 80 15037 Unchanged site also known as SKO1 88 25 94487 80 12777 Unchanged site also known as 8801 8 Table2 Location of new salinity mo onitoring sites for the Biscayne Bay network Site Name LATITUDE LONGITUDE STATUS Original Site 25 54600 80 31300 New site fils spatial gap 50 8 25 53700 80 31800 New site fils spatial gap 61 c 25 5550 80 30870 New site fils spatial gap 58 D 25 51000 80 33500 New site fils spatial 37 E 25 48100 80 34000 New site fils spatial gap 45 25 61600 80 30200 New site fils spatial gap and positioned to capture conditions at Deering s south creek 30 25162100 80 29800 New site fils spatial gap and positioned to capture conditions at Deering s north creek 24 H 2533679 8032008 Relocation of Site 08 moved to co locate with a surface structure 08 1 25 58903 80 30696 New site fils spatial 69 1 256171 8028916 Neu site fils spatial gap 42 25 52330 8032911 New site file spatia gap Site moved from initial location at C102 canal mouth to better location slightly to the north 35 M 25 45200 8033100 New site filis spatial 67 N 25 33003 80 34733 New site fils spatial gap 19 G 25 45571 80 21570 New site fils spatial 10 5 25 49559 80 33197 New site fils spatial 55 T 25 57415 80 30010 New site fills spatial gap 13
101. nsive Everglades Restoration Plan CERP Documents used in preparing this QA QC plan are listed on the reference page of this document Below is a flow chart of general standard operating procedures 1 Instrument calibration 2 Preparation for field deployment Set up instrament and Complete field sheets 3 Deploy newly calibrated instrument in the field 4 Retrieve old instruments after 4 readings of overlap Download data from instrument 6 Postcalibrate instrument Clean and calibrate instrument Sa Upload data into the database Sb Go back to step 1 9 Data assessment and review 10 Dara clean up oo Appendix II 3 2 0 Statement of Project Purpose and Approach 2 1 Purpose The purpose of the Biscayne Bay Salinity Monitoring Network BBSMN program is to provide water quality data results including temperature water level conductivity and salinity during a limited but continuous long term monitoring survey This project s goals are 1 to collect physical water quality data primarily conductivity and calculated salinity to allow decisions and inferences to be made with respect to changes in freshwater inflow 2 to distribute this data in the broadest manner and 3 to provide this information in a manner most useful to researchers 2 2 Approach 2 2 1 Location Data collection and analysis is conducted with adherence to accepted scientific and engineering principles to pr
102. nsuring cap is properly re installed Only tighten to a snug fit in order to prevent damage of the compartment and or housing Replacing Battery Caps Broken battery caps should be removed using the two screws If the cap is unable to be removed due to damage send sonde to YSI The new battery cap should be checked for proper fit o rings should be checked and greased YSI provided lubricant only Install new battery cap with new batteries Only tighten to a snug fit in order to prevent damage of the compartment and or housing Replacing O rings Old o ring should be removed and the slot holding the o ring should be cleaned Install proper size o ring then grease with YSI lubricant Replacing Probes Instrument should be dried and placed on its side to prevent water or other substances from entering the port Old probe should be removed by unscrewing the fastener at the base of the probe using the YSI provided tool only Once probe is removed check port and fitting for any moisture corrosion and or other substances Only if the port is clean grease o ring on probe and carefully install new probe only tightening to snug fit Ensure proper working condition after calibration by performing a test run Replacing Port Plugs Only replace port plugs which are broken or cracked Instrument should be placed on it s side to prevent water or other substances from entering the port Dry and unscrew port plug Dry inside port if necessa
103. nt Appendix II 16 Other field equipment that must be maintained includes padlocks wire cutters GPS and the Kestrel weather logger These items are soaked in fresh water or wiped with a freshwater damped cloth upon returning to the lab Locksare subsequently oven dried to remove any sand The locks are then soaked in a lubricant and exercised and filled with grease Instrument Malfunction Log Unit Number Date Reported by Problem Description Amendments or Adjustments Figure 6 1 Instrument malfunetion Log Appendix II 17 7 0 Reference ERDC WES USACE Final Draft Scope of Work Time and Cost Estimate for Hydrodynamic Field Data Collection in Biscayne Bay Revised BBCW Salinity Data Collection December 15 2003 South Florida Water Management District Field Sampling Quality Manual Section 6 Field Testing October 9 2002 South Florida Water Management District Generic Quality Assurance Plan prepared for DER and DHRS Revision No 2 2 February 1 1990 YSI 6 Series Multiparameter Water Quality Sondes User Manual Revision E April 2009 Appendix II 18 Appendix A Sonde Set Open EcoWatch Software Click on Sonde Icon Select COM port window will appear Click OK Connect Sonde Type in menu and press Enter Main Menu will appear Set up Time and Ensure that Date is correct some instruments will be one day behind Select 4 St
104. nt 2004 ta 06 16 2010 2004 to 07 23 2010 ooa to current 200 ta current 2004 to current 2004 to 07 21 2010 2004 to curent 2004 to curent don to current 2011 current 2010 to current AS 2010 to curent 21 to curent 2010 to current BS 2010 ro current 2010 to current current current curent Ds Ds aon to current 2010 to current 2010 to curent 2010 to curent 2 2 Location and Deployment There are currently 44 sites recording benthic data Originally there were ten sites with both benthic and surface instruments deployed However due to optimization of the data the majority of these surface instruments were removed and currently there are now only three sites with surface instruments deployed Most sites including the sites with surface buoys have bottom meters deployed horizontally Figure 2 2 1 b Only sites 10 20 and 46 are deployed vertically Figure 2 2 1 to simplify deployment At those sites where there is horizontal deployment the instrument is locked onto a concrete paver fitted with two eyebolts At vertical deployment sites the U bolt of the instrument cage is attached to an eye pin cemented into the bay floor using a br
105. nute intervals Instruments are overlapped for greater than 4 readings during retrieval deployment The retrieved instruments are brought back to the lab for data upload to NPS computers post calibration cleaning and calibration 3 1 3 Calibration The sensor is placed in the same calibration standard used to calibrate the instrument Temperature specific conductivity depth and battery voltage are recorded onto the calibration sheet which are later entered into the computer and associated with that particular filename and Appendix V 6 site Figure 4 Cell constants are also re range of point Post wed and recorded to make sure they fall within the eptability 5 0 0 5 Sondes are calibrated with the 50 mS cm standard as a single alibration is done twice once prior to the meter being cleaned of biofouling and then once after the meter has been cleaned The meter is then recalibrated and if necessary set up to record for the next set of sites Once calibrated the instrument is set up in unattended mode with the file name corresponding to site number instrument number and date of deployment CALIBRATION DATA SHEET Delay Sample tine Date rent Staton Number enne Sonde D Naber Tab Tecn Date Deployed Setup by rena ornat reen Results Post Calbraton Dato Postear onc ean Standart value varn Sensor Recing meten
106. oratory for the correct time Time is determined by the atomic clock in Boulder Colorado Time is checked for the laboratory clock before each calibration and this value is then used in setting up the sondes for field deployment This allows absolute knowledge of when the sonde is reading in the field and is used to determine the overlap period 4 At horizontal deployments the field technician must place the data sonde so that the conductivity probe is positioned on its side not directly up or down This prevents sediment from entering the probe and also keeps air bubbles from getting trapped in the probe In vertical deployment buoys are attached to the bail to hold the instrument vertical Figure 3 Both methods of deployment have the instruments locked to the bottom with brass or stainless steel padlocks and held in place with plastic zip ties Both methods of deployment allow the instrument to record at the same depth 32 2 Laboratory Quality Control Checks The lab technician will be responsible for checking field log for discrepancies in deployment or retrieval procedures upon downloading the data It is also necessary to monitor individual instrument response documented in the calibration and or maintenance logbook should such problems arise The procedures for post calibration check are the same as the calibration procedures shown in Figure 6 Post calibration procedures will be performed after data is downloaded Any variance
107. other field technician in the boat who records this on a field sheet tape indicating the date of calibration and site of deployment is also attached to each instrument handle bail 3 Sondes will be dual deployed for a minimum of four readings or hour in order to have simultaneous data four concurrent samples recorded at each site For each deployment before leaving the lab field technicians check the clock in the laboratory for the correct time Time is determined by the atomic clock in Boulder Colorado Time is checked for the laboratory clock before each calibration and this value is then used in setting up the sondes for field deployment This allows absolute knowledge of when the sonde is reading in the field and is used to determine the overlap period 4 At horizontal deployments the field technician must place the data sonde so that the conductivity probe is positioned on its side not directly up or down Figure 2 2 2 2 This prevents sediment from entering the probe and also keeps air bubbles from getting trapped in the probe Only three sites remain with vertical deployment In vertical deployment buoys are attached to the bail to hold the instrument vertical Figure 2 2 22 Both methods of deployment have the instruments locked to the bottom with brass or stainless steel padlocks and held in place with plastic zip ties Both methods of deployment allow the instrument to record at the same depth Appendix II 11
108. ovide technically correct and scientifically defensible results There are 47 sites where data is collected within Biscayne Bay Figure 2 2 1 and Table 2 2 1 The northernmost site is located offshore and south of the Snapper Creek Canal Sites continue south through the bay to Card Sound Barnes Sound and Manatee Bay The sampling sites are set up as a series of east west transects that radiate outward from canals or other important hydrological features and are located along the shoreline to pick up the most likely changes due to CERP related water flow alterations These transects are meant to document a progression of estuarine conditions from nearshore to marine conditions offshore as well as related fluctuations Appendix II 4 Legend Now Sites Continued Sites C Park boundary E pans akm Lotte Figure 2 2 1 Map showing all the sites in the project Appendix II 5 isting of all sites with GPS coordinates and locat Latitude Longitude Instrument Deployment 00 25253 80414 Bottom Horizontal 01 25253 80414 Surface Vertical 04 28233 80 394 Bottom Horizontal 05 25233 80394 Surface Vertical 06 25283 80398 Bottom Horizontal 10 2530769 _ 80 23507 Bottom Vertical 12 25436 80301 Bottom Horizontal 13 2
109. perature depth and conductivity and check mark the corresponding column Complete the following line by enter entering the next file corresponding to the next cycle n When the interpolation and validation are done check mark the corresponding columns to be able to do the interpola Appendix II 32 STEPS FOR IMPORTING DATA INTO SERVER Make sure the Site Data Validation Forms are completed Open the EVER webpage http 165 83 96 34 1 Loading Data into the Server In the EVER webpage select Load Biscayne YSI Data On filename select browse and select the text file containing the wanted data Select the Biscayne Station beginning and ending date and times to cover the range of the filename you wish to import using the Site Data Validation Form Under change existing data select yes Under really select no and submit to make sure dates and times are correct Change really to yes and submit Check mark the column data entered to server on the Site Data Validation Form Select Browse and find the text file 3 Select the Biscayne Station 4 Select beginning date cae Vata 5 Select ending date K beginning time re 7 Select ending L cae ae time e i 1 Select Load Biscayne YSI check to make sure values are correct Appendix II 33 2 QO Emnene
110. r 4 0 CERP Performance Measure Biscayne Bay and Manatee Bay 5 0 Conclusion 6 0 Works Cited ii iv vi vi Figure 1 1 1 Figure 2 1 1 Figure 2 2 1 Figure 3 3 1 1 Figure 3 3 2 1 Figure 3 3 1 Figure 4 1 1 Figure 4 1 2 Figure 4 1 3 Figure 4 1 4 Figure 4 1 5 Figure 4 1 6 Figure 4 1 7 Figure 4 1 8 Figure 4 1 9 List of Figures Location map of Biscayne Map showing all the sites in project Deployment of YSI meter Interpolated average s for Biscayne Bay between November 2009 and May 2010 Data from 33 sites was used in this interpolation The data was collected in 15 minute intervals and then averaged for the entire period Plots show isohaline contours and salinity by data range Interpolated average wet season salinity in Biscayne Bay between June 2010 and October 2010 Data from 33 sites was used in this interpolation The data was collected in 15 minute intervals and then averaged for the entire period Plots show isohaline contours and salinity by data range Variance proportional to dot size mapped for the year 2010 Dry and wet season performance measures PM The performance measure for Biscayne Bay during the dry season is to have an estuarine zone stretching from the shoreline to 250 m offshore and 500 m during the wet season Estuarine Zone area meeting CERP PM green area 20 psu in December 2009 Estuarine Zone area meeting CERP PM green area 20 psu
111. ral depth has historically ranged from one to three meters however modern average depth ranges from three to four meters SFWMD 1995 Harlem 1979 Figure 1 1 1 Biscayne Bay is generally divided into three sections North Bay Central Bay and South Bay based on hydrodynamic geographical and oceanic characteristics van de Kreeke and Wang 1984 SFWMD 1995 North Bay extends from Dumfoundling Bay at the Broward Miami Dade County line south to Rickenbacker Causeway Central Bay extends from Rickenbacker Causeway south to Black Point South Bay is the area from Black Point to Manatee Bay and includes Card Sound and Barnes Sound Miami Dade Florida Bay 773 7 a Figure 1 1 1 Location map of Biscayne Bay The altered Everglades drainage patterns and intense urban development in the Miami Dade area has contributed to a loss of estuarine conditions and a transition of Biscayne Bay to a marine lagoon Freshwater inflow to Biscayne Bay is controlled by a system of canals where the primary canals are operated by the South Florida Water Management District SFWMD and a secondary system is operated by Miami Dade County This system of canals causes fluctuation in salinity which has resulted in large scale ecological degradation in the Bay One of the goals of is to restore historical freshwater flows to the Bay and eliminate pulsed freshwater delivery along the Bay s southwestern shore The goal of the MAP is to monitor salinity in t
112. removed after the end of the dry possible les Legend Biscayne National Paik T an Stes Canals Figure 2 1 1 Map showing all the sites in project Table 2 1 1 Listing of all sites with GPS coordinates and location relative to the water column Site ID s Latitude Longitude Instrument Type Deployment 00 25253 80414 Bottom Horizontal 01 25 253 80414 Surface Vertical 04 25 233 50394 Bottom Horizontal 05 25 233 80 394 Surface Vertical 06 25283 780 398 Bottom Horizontal 10 253068 3032340 Bottom Vertical 12 25436 80 301 Bottom Horizontal 13 25436 50301 Surface Vertical 14 2547361 3034003 Bottom Horizontal 16 2547264 8033777 Bottom Horizontal 18 25 7878 80 30856 Bottom Horizontal 20 257108 8028453 Bottom Vertical 22 2549342 8033911 Bottom Horizontal 26 254868 80 3265 Bottom Horizontal 28 2549844 8033875 Bottom Horizontal 32 25 0633 80 32548 Bottom Horizontal 34 2549353 8030908 Bottom Horizontal 36 259472 3027836 Bottom Horizontal 40 2530533 8053577 Bottom Horizontal En 2551886 803094 Bottom Horizontal 46 2552728 3030406 Bottom Vertical 48 25518 80284 Bottom Horizontal 52 75 51539 50 30869 Bottom Horizontal 54 25 545 8029 Bottom Horizontal 56 255641 3030531 Bottom Horizontal 60 2556428 80
113. rough groundwater and surface water Monthly annual canal flow in thousand acre feet or Kaf through structures S20F 5206 S21A S21 and 5123 are shown in Table 4 1 2 The estuarine zone is generally not uniformly distributed along the western shoreline as shown in the Figures 4 1 2 to 4 1 9 and in Appendix V Estuarine Zones Figures found in Appendix V display the estuarine zones area of coverage for the current period of record 2004 2009 If month is not included in Table 4 1 1 or in Appendix V it is because no estuarine zone stabilized during that particular month As previously stated the performance measure dictates a 500 wide estuarine zone from Turkey Point to Shoal Point during the wet season and a 250 m wide zone during the dry season These performance measures are based on the intention to spread freshwater flow out across a broad front so it may flow through the mangroves rather than through the canal system current Pre CERP conditions Under the current Pre CERP existing flow patterns the estuarine zone does not extend completely north to Shoal Point or south to Turkey Point rather it extends out further from the shoreline between C 103 and Black Point most likely due to the evidence of the effects of canal discharge Figures 4 1 2 to 4 1 5 Figure 4 1 6a shows graphically the salinity response relative to the performance measures for wet season and dry season for Bist The flow in cfs is shown in Figure 4 6 a r
114. ry Grease and install new port plug of same size Tighten to snug fit 6 2 Field Equipment Maintenance Routine maintenance and cleaning of each data sonde is performed upon retrieval Other field equipment used during deployment is cleaned at this time These procedures are documented in the maintenance logbook Each sonde is externally brushed clean of biotic fouling while in the field but this is only done in the area above the depth sensor This allows both for the instrument to be cleaned and for any fouling on the sensors to be retained for the post calibration check Before deployment screws are greased with manufacturer supplied lubricant and external o rings are visually checked for tearing and loss of elasticity Battery replacement occurs when the voltage reads 10 5 volts or below Should a malfunction occur or service be required a detailed account of the problem is recorded in the maintenance logbook using the format shown in Figure 6 1 Instrument service and repair is contracted and sent to YSI if the laboratory technician cannot resolve the problem on site with the help of YSI staff The corrections made by YSI are also documented in the maintenance log upon return of the serviced instrument to the Park Instruments returned from maintenance are held in the lab underwater for a day and then double deployed with other instruments for at least one day to ensure that the problem has been corrected prior to an actual field deployme
115. s The highest salinity was found on Adams Key with a salinity of 34 5 psu reflecting ocean influence Average monthly salinity in Manatee Bay and Barnes Sound were lower than the values measured in November ranging between 25 and 29 psu January 2010 Average monthly salinity was 27 6 psu 3 69 Table 3 2 1 with lowest salinity near Fender Point 19 5 psu and highest at Adams Key 35 3 psu Table 3 1 1 1 Average monthly salinity ranged between 20 and 25 psu between Mowry and 1 Canals Table 3 1 1 1 and Appendix IV 13 Figure 3 2 3 During 0 psu Average monthly s area s period all the sites located north of Black Point had salinities above 25 nity ranged between 25 and 27 psu in the Manatee Bay and Barnes Sound February 2010 Average monthly salinity was 26 2 psu 4 43 Table 3 2 1 Average monthly salinity ranged from 17 9 to 25 between Convoy Point and sites 56 located north of Black Point Salinity increased to over 30 psu moving offshore with the highest average monthly salinity recorded at Adams Key 34 6 psu Table 3 1 1 1 and Appendix 1 Figure 3 2 4 The site near Fender Point exhibited the lowest average salinity Salinities in Manatee Bay and Barnes Sound were almost the same than the values in February 2009 with salinities of 25 and 27 8 psu The monthly salinity for this month was lower than the salinity in February 2009 30 7 psu March 2010 In March 2010 average monthly salin
116. ssing 5 1 1 Importing Data Several protocols have been applied to the datasets in order to improve accuracy and eliminate the potential for errors Most of these changes are related to how the data is managed and altered after downloading The aim of organizing the data is to create a complete dataset that spans complete calendar year The first step in processing the data is downloading the data into a text file Table 5 1 1 This allows the data to be ready to be uploaded directly on the Everglades National Park DataForEver Database without any changes in the data This avoids the potential of additional errors of manipulating data to adjust format and make data corrections outside of the database Only the actual data from the deployment is uploaded to the database The readings before the deployment and after retrieval are not uploaded into the database Appendix II 13 Table 5 1 1 Example of data that is taken directly from YSI Date Temp Spcond sal Depth Battery m d y hi ms cm ppt meters volts 1 25 11 1 21 43 17 63 10 42 0 408 11 0 01 25 11 1 21 48 17 17 10 13 0 429 11 0 01 25 11 1 21 42 17 22 10 16 0 458 11 0 01 25 11 1 21 37 17 25 10 18 0 480 11 0 01 25 11 1 21 40 17 05 10 05 0 50 11 0 01 25 11 1 21 41 17 09 10 07 0 532 11 0 01 25 11 1 21 34 17 37 10 26 0 556 11 0 01 25 11 1 21 29 17 75 10 50 0 583 11 0 01 25 11 1 21 27 18 04 10 69 0 609 11 0 01 25 11 1 21 35 17 83 10 55 0 619 11 0
117. th the approved validated data 5 2 Data Validation The MAP s QA QC consists of analytical data review and selection of a data output format to benefit other data users Once the data file is uploaded to the South Florida Natural Resource Center s Database DataForEver it is reviewed for outliers and instrument malfunctions In the event that there are single outlier data points in which one salinity data point suddenly decre that are over 5 around a linear regression of the data to find outliers where the salinity increases are anomalies canal discharge and rainfall measurements are checked to determine whether they would be the cause for the sudden change in salinity value If a large rainfall or canal discharge was recorded a few days prior to the outlying data point the data point will be retained Appendix II 14 Otherwise point is deleted When data points from surface sites fall below the depth of zero it is assumed that the meter came out of water during those readings so these data are disregarded unless these phenomena occurred at other instrument sites If the pattern is the same at other sites with depth values apparently appearing slightly above water surface it is assume that this was an atmospheric pressure phenomenon and these values are left in the data set It is the BISC and EVER NPS operating procedure that well calibrated well maintained instruments are assumed to collect good valid d
118. the Conceptual Ecological Model 5 Provide data for evaluation of the MAP Performance Measures and review for the Systems Status Report A primary component affecting southern Biscayne Bay is the BBCW Project whose main goals are to rehydrate coastal wetlands that are currently drained by the canal system as well as to redistribute freshwater flow to southern Biscayne Bay from several sources This restoration project is expected to profoundly alter salinity within the Park especially in nearshore habitats along the mainland coast Serafy et al 2001 Other components of CERP including upstream redirection of water are expected to have equally profound effects on salinity in Biscayne Bay While the final outcome of the CERP is difficult to forecast understanding current salinity as well as documenting changes in salinity are important to adaptive assessment and to understanding ecological changes resulting from restoration The collection of salinity data in Biscayne National Park is currently funded by the CERP MAP although portions of this project have been in existence since the early 19905 Numerous governmental agencies have participated in the development and design of this current project including Miami Dade County Department of Environmental Resource Management DERM National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA the SEWMD and the United States Army Corps of Engineers ACOE Instruments
119. the data is validated The naming convention for each data file is as follows LL site location number NN sonde identification number month represented by a letter DD day last digit of the year The naming convention ensures that all instruments can be tracked with their individual files to check for instrument error The naming convention also allows each file to be individually identified later should the file be misplaced or lost and allows any site errors to be tracked through the data Data Validation performs two vital roles it removes data that only the group collecting the data could identify as invalid and it verifies a consistent data set that then can be made available to the public verified to within the specified parameters 3 4 Measurable Results All data is downloaded upon retrieval of the sondes Raw data is stored on the NPS server hard copy and on CD The raw data is saved through the Ecowatch program and then exported to a text file readable without the Ecowatch software These raw data files will be archived according to NPS standards using the proper file codes data will be available to project managers lab technicians and the MAP program All raw data is also retained on the DataForEver database as well Written quarterly progress reports are submitted by the project manager The collected information are analyzed and annual reports are prepared Cumulative annual
120. the laboratory is recorded on the calibration sheet and the depth is calibrated to 0 meters Atmospheric pressure is noted to ensure the meters are responding throughout the expected measurement range If an incorrect reading is observed the sensor will be cleaned and rechecked If the problem is not corrected by cleaning the manufacturer is contacted for instructions recommendations 3 14 Weather Data A portable weather instrument Kestrel Pocket Weather Tracker is used to record deployment time air temperature barometric pressure in mm Hg and wind speed at the time of retrieval and deployment Wind direction wave height and the meter identification number are also recorded onto field data sheets at each deployment site Figure 4 1 1 the data collected at deployment sites is entered into a database along with information about the calibration of each instrument used at every site This facilitates QA QC for an individual data sonde s repetitive malfunction due to site specific or weather related conditions Time on the weather instrument is standardized to Eastern Standard Time at the beginning of each deployment trip with the atomic clock in Boulder Colorado 3 2 Calibration Standards The conductivity standard is purchased from YSI The YSI conduc standard is traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST As manufactured it met or exceeded its current specificati ate of Traceability The r
121. uming that the first few data points are correct from each sampling event since these instruments were just calibrated Since there are a few overlapping data points between sampling events the difference between those points can show how much the data has deteriorated A linear regression can be used to correct this issue However if the data points do not overlap then the information from the pre and post calibration will be used A linear regression can be made by how much the pre and post calibration varied Once the data has been altered it is now ready to be used by the public The Everglades webpage has a program that easily produces graphs The steps in the everglades webpage include importing data ad null values calibrating and validating the data Attached are in depth instructions for all of the processes listed above Appendix 29 IL DEFINITIONS 1 Filename is the name of a site over sampling period covering one specific meter It is in the aabbemmy where aa is the site number bb is the instrument id c is the month as it corresponds to letters January b February c March etc mm is equal to the months and y is the last number of the year Example 0199A306 2 DAT file is the raw data file downloaded directly from YSI meter 3 Text file is a text file based on raw data 4 Configuration file is the file that describes how the text file was made 5 6 7 is the specific
122. voy Point to the sites located south of Deering Estate Appendix IV Figure 3 2 9 Manatee Bay and Barnes Sound had monthly average salinities between 29 2 and 31 6 psu Card Sound had monthly average salinity over 35 psu Table 3 1 1 1 August 2010 Average monthly salinity wa the same than July with a value of 28 5 psu 6 02 Table 3 2 1 Only sites 52 and B6 had salinity under 20 psu with a lowest average salinity of 15 8 psu Table 3 1 1 1 All sites between the south of C 100 Canal and Military Canal had average salinities ranging from 20 to 25 psu Appendix IV Figure 3 2 10 The maximum salinity was 43 6 psu at Turkey Point headpin Salinity increased to over 35 psu moving offshore Barnes Sound and Card Sound had monthly average salinities between 31 6 and 32 3 psu where Manatee Bay was 29 2 Table 3 1 1 1 September 2010 In September 2010 average salinity decreased throughout Biscayne Bay with a monthly average salinity of 21 5 psu 7 33 Table 3 2 1 The lowest average salinity was recorded between Princeton and C 1 C anals 8 8 psu and the highest at Turkey Point headpin 37 8 psu which was the only site with salinity over 35 psu Table 3 1 1 1 September had the lowest salinity of the period of study Nearshore sites located between the C 100 and North Canal had average salinity ranging from 8 8 to 20 psu corresponding to the biggest estuarine zone of the year Appendix IV Figure 3 2 11 Monthly aver

Biscayne Bay Salinity 2009–2010 Report

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Biscayne Bay Salinity 2009&ndash;2010 Report

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Biscayne Bay Salinity 2009–2010 Report