(NSE) User Guide - North Star Horizon Emulator
Contents
1. ENTER A CONNECTION or T To HDOS or S SAVE or X EXIT Note above how the floppies are allocated lt CP M drive letter gt plus colon plus comma plus lt floppy drive number gt Current Connections in WorkFile CPMWORK 1 ot ENTER A CONNECTION or T To HDOS or S SAVE or X EXIT A CPMA 102 Note above how Virtual Disks are allocated lt CP M drive gt plus colon plus lt HDOS file name gt Don t forget that the HDOS filename has three components lt filename gt plus lt account name gt plus lt drive number gt In the case above we are using the filename CPMA we re leaving out the default SYSTEM account name and we re noting that the file is on the second hard disk which is HDOS unit number 102 Current Connections in WorkFile CPMWORK A CPMA 102 North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 33 Saana ENTER A CONNECTION or T To HDOS or S SAVE or X EXIT A gt I PIP A 1 COPYING CPMDO1 ASM COM CAT COM some filenames omitted WSML COM WSMSGS OVR WSOVLY1 0VR WSU COM XSUB COM A gt CAT Name Ext Bytes Name Ext Bytes Name Ext Bytes Name Ext Bytes CPMDO1 OK DIRDUMP ASM 20K HDOFF COM 4K USER ASM 8K ASM CoM 8K DIRDUMP COM 4K LOAD COM 4K USER64T ASM 8K CAT CoM 4K DUMP ASM 8K MBASIC COM 24K WS COM 16K WSML COM 16K WSMSGS OVR 28K WSOVLY1 OVR 36K WSU COM 16K XSUB CoM 4K COLDBOOTCOM 4K COPY CoM 4K CPM64T COM 16K ED COM 8K PIP CoM2. 9 CM15C 306 6 29376 14 69 M 10 SG15C 306 6 29376 14 69 M 11 RD15C 306 6 29376 14 69 M 12 TN15C 306 6 29376 14 69 M 13 MS15D 480 4 30720 15 36 M 14 MS15E 459 4 29376 14 69 M 15 CM20E 612 4 39168 19 58 M 16 MS20E 612 4 39168 19 58 M 17 RD20E 612 4 39168 19 58 M 18 MS30D 459 8 58752 29 38 M 19 CM30E 612 6 58752 29 38 M 20 MS30E 612 6 58752 29 38 M 21 RD30E 612 6 58752 29 38 M Select 0 to exit 2 Type TN5A disk 4 90 M capacity Is that correct Y creating disk image type TN5A 4 90 M Enter file name for this disk testdisk 1 nhd Disk ImageFile home jvs wrk nse testdisk 1 nhd requested Disk ImageFile home jvs wrk nse testdisk 1 nhd created OK Do you want to include the SYSTEM account and TRANSIENT file Y n y Done nullius jvs home jvs wrk nse dev gt suggest the use of the NHD extension for these North Star Hard Disk Image files This extension like most is probably already in use elsewhere but is unlikely to be confused with our usage North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 22 3 2 nshdls nshd list directory nshdls_ lt North Star hard disk image gt nshdis disks SG5A 1 NHD nshdls displays lots of information from the file entries in the North Star Hard Disk index Because the position of the file entries depends on a hash function the directories always seem jumbled this was a trade off way back in the days of slow hard disks 3 3 nshdbm nshd bitmap nshdbm lt North Star
3. All of the manuals mentioned here can be found in the documentation subdirectory Also they are online They can be found on my website and on other websites North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 34 APPENDIX A HOW TO ENABLE NSDOS AND CP M TO USE THE SECOND HARD DRIVE ON HD5X CONTROLLER NOTE The two North Star boot disks supplied with NSE have been adjusted so that the second hard drive is already configured in This may not be the case with other boot disks 1 NSDOS discovered that the NSDOS for HARD DISK version 2 20 master disk archive disk DO4B01 NSI is configured by default to use only the first hard disk Then by logging the path of the flow in the hard drive initialisation code saw that an incorrect port number for the second hard drive was being used OxFF in place of 0x70 found that to use two hard drive units we need to enable use of second hard drive by replacing an OxFF byte at 0504H in memory by 0x70 base port for second hard drive in controller If we load HD5XDOS into memory at 5000H then the relevant byte to alter is at 5404H Bytes 0503H amp 0504H then become 60H amp 70H We also need to restore the second hard drive using the TOTREC software did intend to remove that set of SYSTEM account software on the second hard drive but it wasn t worth the effort Disk space is cheap And besides the mkhd program can install the SYSTEM account and the TRANSIENT program for you Sample sessio
4. Page 14 2 THE CONTROL CONSOLE The control console is used to do the nuts n bolts stuff behind the workings of the emulator such as inserting floppy disks changing the CapsLock altering the keyboard delay altering which key will be used as the interrupt key etc 2 1 help Show commands and brief synopsis of how they are used help lt command gt displays more information about lt command North Star Emulator User s Guide 2 2 NSE CONTROL CONSOLE INPUT OUTPUT CONTROL 2 2 attach Attach I O device to a unix file attach lt iodev gt lt file gt attach s2o tmp printout Without arguments attach lists the current attachments With arguments attach attaches lt iodev gt to the lt unix file gt where lt iodev gt is one of s2i s20 pli plo These are the North Star Horizon I O interfaces where s2i serial2 in s20 serial2 out pli parallel in plo parallel out 2 3 detach Detach I 0 device from file detach lt iodev gt detach s2o detach closes the unix file attached to lt iodev gt See attach 2 4 aread Read in an ASCII unix file instead of keying in the characters from the keyboard aread lt text file gt aread tmp programl The linefeed character OA H is converted to a carriage return character OD H automatically Note that aread can supply keyboard input faster than a lot of programs e g Word Star can handle gracefully 2 5 caps Toggle Capslock On Off caps on off caps When NSE sta
5. 8K FORMAT COM 4K STAT CoM 8K CPMGEN COM 16K HDO5BOOTCOM 32K SUBMIT COM 4K DDT CoM 8K HD18BOOTCOM 32K SYSGEN COM 4K 32 File s occupying 364K of 2996K total capacity 223 directory entries and 2632K bytes remain on A A gt I I l DUMP COM 4K ONECOPY COM 4K I I I From here on in the future you can boot directly into the A drive and have tools to work with NECESSARY DOCUMENTATION The underlying system for CP M on the North Star Hard Disk is the North Star Hard Disk Operating System CP M disks are merely virtual disks composed of files within the North Star Hard Disk Operating System To understand the HDOS file system you will need a copy of the North Star Hard Disk Operating System Manual You will most probably need some documentation regarding the CP M Operating System to refresh your memory and for those who weren t familiar with CP M previously it will seem relatively familiar due to the ubiquity of Microsoft s MSDOS in more recent years Get a copy of the North Star CP M 2 2 Manual for the usage of the CP M utilities A copy of the North Star CP M 2 2 Preface together with the North Star Addendum to the CP M 2 2 Preface is necessary to explain the usage of CP M with the North Star Hard Disk Operating System and gives more details on the preparation of the CP M Virtual Disks within the North Star HDOS file system The helper program nsfilecalc can help in working out the parameters of the Virtual Disk files
6. H by changing the value of the byte at 3E1B H to 43 H and the value of the byte at 3E1F H to 3F H ALTERNATE METHOD 2 Boot into NSDOS using the DO4B01 NSI floppy disk image file Then follow as shown in the session below user input in bold GO_HD5XDOS North Star Hard Disk Operating System Version 2 2 0 LF_HD5XDOS 1 5000 DH_ 7410 741F 7410 C1 24 E6 7F FE 40 28 5A FE 5F 28 CD FE 7F 28 C9 DS 741B 741B CD 43 DS 741F 741F C9 3F SF HD5XDOS 1 5000 DO SIMILAR FOR THE TRANSIENT PROGRAM ON THE HARD DISK Load the TRANSIENT file into RAM at 6FOO H LF TRANSIENT 6F00 Alter the bytes required as in Alternate Method 2 They will be in the same locations NOTE Some versions of the TRANSIENT file will have the positions at 751B H and at 751F H SF TRANSIENT 6F00 back into its usual place on the disk North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 37 APPENDIX C NORTH STAR HARD DISK DATA FORMAT DATA LAYOUT ON HARD DISK A hard disk drive is actually a set of spinning disks or platters For each platter there are two heads one above and one below the platter Thus a hard disk drive with two platters has four heads and each head reads and writes on a separate surface Because all the heads are moved as a single unit from track to track on the platters the set of tracks being read from is called a cylinder so in this case there would be four tracks within each cylinder STRUCTURE OF SINGLE TRAC
7. NONE NONE NONE NONE NO NO NE NONE NO NO NO ee North Star Horizon Emulator 130924 3 Th 25 Terminal A custom configured version of Word Star running in a high and wide screen format North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 10 HDOS running in a high screen format North Star Emulator User s Guide 1 7 NSE COMMAND LINE START UP OPTIONS nse s b floppy disk image to boot from c config file w h b lt disk image to boot gt Overrides the disk image boot file named in the config file c lt config file gt Use an alternate config file instead of the nsdosrc file the nsdosrc file or the global etc nse conf file S Use the single density controller Note that the North Star single density controller was not able to boot double density disks and vice versa You must use the s option if you are going to boot from a single density disk image w Attempt to use a display width of 132 characters if the terminal is wide enough h Attempt to use a display height of 55 characters if the terminal is high enough 1 8 NSE COMMAND LINE STARTUP EXAMPLES nse s c nsdos zzz b nsdos51s nsi Start NSE using the single density controller booting from the nsdos51s nsi disk image file and using the nsdos zzz configuration file nse b nsdos52q nsi Start NSE using the double density controller booting from the nsdos52q nsi disk image file and using one of the default configuration files nse Start NSE usin
8. TOTAL RECOVER FROM FLOPPY DISKS NORTH STAR COMPUTERS INC VERSION 1 1 0 This program erases all files and accounts on the hard disk Is this what you want _Y YES or NO please YES Hard disk drive 101 Reading skip table from sector 2 Skip count given 0 Creating directory at sector 128 Reading disk label from sector 0 Constructing disk label as Auto load and execute pathname TRANSIENT SYSTEM 101 Major disk structure revision level 1 Minor disk structure revision level 0 Disk size 9776 usable sectors Sectors reserved for destructive testing 16 DIB Hunk size 16 sectors Directory size 128 sectors Directory address 128 Creating SYSTEM account Initialization complete Listing to 1 Terminal 2 Printer Device 1 3 Other printer Selection 1 Recover directory from floppy disk in drive 2 1 Recover all accounts 2 Specify accounts 3 Specify exceptions Selection 1 Assuming SYSTEM account already there Allocated space for file TRANSIENT SYSTEM 48 blocks Allocated space for file DT SYSTEM 4 blocks Allocated space for file BACKUP SYSTEM 62 blocks Allocated space for file CK SYSTEM 4 blocks Allocated space for file CO SYSTEM 8 blocks Allocated space for file RECMAIN SYSTEM 30 blocks Allocated space for file CLEAN SYSTEM 18 blocks Allocated space for file RECOVERS SYSTEM 48 blocks Allocated space for file RECEXP SYSTEM 6 blocks Allocated space for file BAKEXP SYSTEM 6
9. argument NSE will continue running it has not stopped But it will disappear into the background without any argument will appear to drop you back to the original unix shell you started from You can perform any actions This will continue until you exit the command line shell in the usual unix ways by entering Control D or the exit command at the shell prompt followed by a unix command as its argument will drop you into the shell perform the command then wait for you to hit the ENTER key when you will be returned to the control console prompt North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 21 3 HELPER PROGRAMS 3 1 NSE tools 3 1 mkhd make hard disk image file mkhd is used to produce NSE hard disk image files The smallest of the images of the North Star standard hard disk types as included in the HD5XTEST program is 5 megabytes the largest is 30 megabytes A typical example session with mkhd is shown user input in bold nullius jvs home jvs wrk nse dev gt mkhd mkhd Version 2 4 Prepares a Standard 5 inch Hard Disk Imagefile for use with North Star Horizon Emulator nse running HD5XDOS Disk image sizes available range from 5 MB to 30MB No Type Cylinders Heads Total Sectors Capacity 1 SG5A 153 4 9792 4 90 M 2 TN5A 153 4 9792 4 90 M 3 MS5B 306 2 9792 4 90 M 4 RD5B 306 2 9792 4 90 M 5 SG5B 306 2 9792 4 90 M 6 TN5B 306 2 9792 4 90 M 7 CM10E 612 2 19584 9 79 M 8 MS10E 612 2 19584 9 79 M
10. blocks North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 31 Allocated Allocated Allocated space Space space for file BACKUPS SYSTEM 48 blocks for file RECOVER SYSTEM 62 blocks for file HBASIC SYSTEM 64 blocks 13 files found Recovered 48 Recovered 4 Recovered 62 Recovered 4 Recovered 8 Recovered 30 Recovered 18 Recovered 48 Recovered 6 Recovered 6 Recovered 48 Recovered 62 Recovered 64 on the blocks blocks blocks blocks blocks blocks blocks blocks blocks blocks blocks blocks blocks recover to file to file to file to file to file to file to file to file to file to file to file to file to file list TRANSIENT SYSTEM DT SYSTEM BACKUP SYSTEM CK SYSTEM C0 SYSTEM RECMAIN SYSTEM CLEAN SYSTEM RECOVERS SYSTEM RECEXP SYSTEM BAKEXP SYSTEM BACKUPS SYSTEM RECOVER SYSTEM HBASIC SYSTEM You may remove the disk from drive 2 File recovery completed Thank you for waiting North Star Hard Disk Operating System Version 2 2 0 ML TRANSIENT 48 DT 4 BACKUP 62 CK 4 co 8 RECMAIN 30 CLEAN 18 RECOVERS 48 RECEXP 6 BAKEXP 6 BACKUPS 48 RECOVER 62 HBASIC 64 Account SYSTEM TRANSIENT 48 Account SYSTEM WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD PRPRPEP RPP PPP PPP PY Dri 1 WUD Dri 1F00 5000 2600 5000 5000 2600 2600 PRPNNNNNNBFRPRPHPR ve 101 1 1F00 ve 102 COMPLETED COMPLETED COMPLETED COMPLETED COMP
11. hard disk image gt nshdbm disks SG5A 1 NHD nshdbm gives a slightly more compact set of information about the North Star Hard Disk index and also shows a graphical representation of the usage of the hard disk s file space tmp nse_120805 disks gt nshdbm SG5A 1 NHD Bitmap and Directory for North Star Hard Disk Image SG5A 1 NHD 4 896 Megabytes Total DIBs 612 maximum usable 602 as also uses 1 DIB for System Track 8 DIBs for File Directory 1 DIB for Test Track 1 DIB is 16 sectors unless a power of 2 factor is applied Dir Dir File FileSize Bytes dib dib ndibo ndibo File Type File Type Offset Type Accnt Name Attr Sectors Blocks inLast Num Sects Address Img_Offset Type Data Description Q11A00 1 Q001 CPMA 80 1562 3124 200 6 64 0020 00040000 7 0001 00 CP M Virtual Disk File 012000 1 0001 TRANSIENT 80 24 48 200 4 16 0003 00006000 1 1F00 00 Executable TypeData GO 012A00 1 0001 CPMB 80 1562 3124 200 6 64 0084 00108000 7 0001 00 CP M Virtual Disk File 013400 1 0001 DT 80 2 4 200 4 16 0005 0000A000 1 5000 01 Executable TypeData G0 014400 1 0001 BACKUP 80 31 62 200 4 16 0006 0000C000 1 2600 00 Executable TypeData GO 016E00 1 0001 CLEAN 80 9 18 200 4 16 0013 00026000 2 0010 00 HBASIC program 017000 1 0001 CK 80 2 4 200 4 16 0010 00020000 1 5000 01 Executable TypeData G0 017020 1 0001 CO 80 4 8 200 4 16 0011 00022000 1 5000 01 Executable TypeData GO 017400 1 0001 RECMAIN 80 15 30 200 4 16 0012 00024000 2 001D 00 HBASIC prog
12. most useful are North Star DOS Rev 5 North Star BASIC Version 6 North Star Horizon Emulator NSE User Guide this manual North Star Hard Disk Operating System Manual North Star CPM 2 2 Manual North Star CPM 2 2 Preface to the Addendum North Star CPM 2 2 Addendum These are all included in the documentation directory 4 4 BUGS feel have got most bugs out which makes NSE very usable After all it s my usual day to day CP M system But there are still a few to go apart from the things that could be done to make NSE not quite so rough edged Please inform me of any that you discover Email me at jackstrangio yahoo com 4 5 TODOs Choice of a third or fourth terminal other than the TV 925 and the Lear Siegler ADM 3A More realistic emulation of Parallel I O 4 6 AUTHOR and SUPPORT Jack Strangio lt jackstrangio yahoo com gt Website http itelsoft com au North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 28 5 INSTALLATION AND INITIAL SETUP OF HDOS AND CP M SESSION PRINTOUTS Before we start to make NSE we need a few things First make sure you have the gcc compiler also make and then some libraries which are libncurses libpanel and libpthread These will be found easily when you start up your software package manager Just make sure they show as installed on your system If not select the required packages and hit install Most of this stuff is included in most modern distros You probably won t need to get anything that y
13. 5 unskew hd image unskew hdimage lt North Star Hard Disk Image gt lt unskewed image file gt OR unskew hd image lt unskewed image file gt lt North Star Hard Disk Image gt unskew hd image SG5A 1 NHD image plain a unskew hd image_ can be dangerous to your hard disk image files Be careful It will be used mainly if you are trying to resurrect portions of files which have been lost by removing the interleaving of the sectors and giving a flat file with everything in correct order 3 6 nsfilecalc calculate filesizes in terms of NSDOS 256 byte blocks nsfilecalc nullius jvs tmp nse disks gt nsfilecalc North Star DOS HDOS File Size Calculator copyright 2012 Jack Strangio A North Star Floppy Disk file is restricted to a maximum length of 66 tracks on a DQ disk or 660 sectors 1320 blocks 330 kilobytes A North Star Hard Disk file is made from hunks containing multiple sectors These hunks were originally so named by North Star but later this name was changed to DIBs Each DIB Data Incremental Block similar to clusters extents etc in other operating systems contains a multiple of 16 sectors There can be a maximum of 128 DIBs per file Since this could really restrict the maximum size of a file a power of 2 factor can be applied to 16 giving 16 32 64 128 or even up to 256 sectors per DIB Consequently it becomes possible to produce a file which can go up to the maximum allowable file size on a ha
14. APPENDIX B REPLACE THE COMMAND LINE UNDERLINE IN HDOS 2 2 0 WITH A BACKSPACE 37 APPENDIX C NORTH STAR HARD DISK DATA FORMAT 38 APPENDIX D NSE HARD DISK IMAGE FILE STRUCTURE 40 APPENDIX E SUBDIRECTORIES AND OLD OPERATING SYSTEMS LIKE NSDOS AND CP M 41 CPZ EMULATOR Overview 43 CPZ 48000 Files on the I C M Master Disk 44 IMAGES AND PRINTOUTS Fig 1 HDOS Running in 25x80 Character Screen Format 8 Fig 2 CP M Splash Screen with XDIR Output 9 Fig 3 Amber screen Control Console with help and mount Output 15 Fig 4 Word Star Running in High and Wide Screen Format 10 Fig 5 HDOS Running in High Screen Format 11 North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 4 1 INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION 1 1 Overview NSE emulates the late 1970s to early 1980s North Star Horizon Z80 Computer NSE uses disk image files which may contain any of North Star Computers Disk Operating Systems of the period North Star DOS NSDOS CP M UCSD Pascal etc The original North Star Horizon in 1978 possessed a single density floppy disk controller which used a single side of a 5 inch 35 track hard sectored floppy disk with ten 256 byte sectors per track giving 88K of storage Later models used a double density controller which could access both sides of the disk and used 512 byte sectors giving 350K of storage The double density controller was not able to boot from a single density disk but was able to read from and write on it Later again hard disk capability w
15. D WUD WUD WUD A mm co co co ao lt gt co E AE oF me oO E FS co 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 FPEMOMNFPOFPNM PRP RPE m Account SYSTEM Drive 101 North Star Horizon Emulator 24 130924 T I 925 Terminal HDOS running in 25x80 character screen format The status line at the bottom of the screen displays the Name of the emulator then two version numbers the first number is the latest commit date of the emulator code the second number is the latest commit date of the emu8bit_z80 shared library The final part of the status line shows which of the terminal emulators has been selected North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 8 NSE splash screen followed by CP M running in a high screen format North Star Emulator User s Guide D HDOSINFO PRN FC 1 FL 1 COL 01 INSERT ON EQUS ALY 19 1982 THESE EQUATES INCLUDE REVISION 2 0 OF THE DISK LABEL STRUCTURE THIS FILE CONTAINS THE EQUATES FOR USE IN ALL HODULES OF THE NORTH STAR HARD DISK OPERATING SYSTEH SO NONE NE NO NO NO NO NTRAC EQU NUHBER OF TRACKS PER SIDE ON A HICRO DISK ZTRAC EQU INITIAL TRACK COUNTER YALUE FOR HICRO DISKS HAXIO EWU HAXIHUH LEGAL 1 0 DEVICE NUHBER NIE EW LENGTH OF INPUT LINE FOR COHHAND PROCESSOR IFSP EW DEFAULT PROCESSOR SPEED CONSTANT Z80A FEER SYSTEH DISPATCH TABLE ADDRESSES 7 DSPCH sSTART OF DOS ADDRESS 2 8 1 TRAKT REYN CHFG2 HICRO DISK TRACK TABLE SEQUENTIAL REVISION NUHBER SEC
16. K Each North Star hard disk track consists of 16 sectors Each sector has its own set of data fields As the platter spins the disk drive electronics supply pulses which specify when the first sector of the set of 16 sectors is reached by the read write head the index pulse and when the start of each sector begins the sector pulse The index pulse is not retained by the North Star Hard Disk Controller but the sector pulse is latched on and is turned off by the Hard Disk Controller itself STRUCTURE OF THE WRITTEN DISK SECTOR When the sector pulse is received from the hard drive by the hard disk controller the controller waits a short period then begins sending a stream of zero bytes 00 H This is to cushion variations in speed of the physical drive After a enough time has passed a Sync Byte 01 H is sent to the hard drive to signify the actual start of the data to write on the disk sector The first set of real data written is the Sector Label Header field this is a set of nine bytes which identify which sector is being written This information is later used when reading the disk to ensure that the data being read is from the sector desired and not another sector The next data field contains the 512 bytes of data or program we want to store The last data field contains CRC information to ensure that the data has been written cleanly If the data read back from the disk sector does not match the store CRC value there has been corru
17. LETED COMPLETED COMPLETED COMPLETED COMPLETED COMPLETED COMPLETED COMPLETED COMPLETED Right Now we have two hard drives up and running Now let s make a CPM Virtual disk file This one CPMA will be 3MB 12030 256 byte blocks in size and we re going to put it on our second hard drive unit 102 Since this size file is much larger than a file we can make with an allocation factor of one we need to make our allocation factor 4 nsfilecalc does all the working out for us CR CPMA 102 12030 4 That s done Let s have a look and there s the new large file on hard drive 2 ML TRANSIENT 48 DT 4 BACKUP 62 CK 4 co 8 RECMAIN 30 CLEAN 18 RECOVERS 48 RECEXP 6 BAKEXP 6 BACKUPS 48 RECOVER 62 HBASIC 64 Account SYSTEM CPMA 12030 TRANSIENT 48 WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD PRP PEP PP PPP PPY Dri 4 WUD 1 WUD 1F00 5000 2600 5000 5000 2600 2600 PRPNNNNNNRPRPRPRPH ve 101 0 1 1F00 North Star Emulator User s Guide The helper program Page 32 Account SYSTEM Drive 102 Having got HDOS running quit NSE by hitting Shift_F3 or our own interrupt key to take us out of the green screen emulator window and into the amber screen control console window Then enter quit at the amber control console prompt to take us back to the unix command line Now we edit our nsdosrc file to comment out the HDOS disks and uncomment the CP M disk so th
18. NNNNNN NNN a AKRARARARYA na AARARARAR RAKR a ARARARARAR NNN a N NNNNNNN NNN a ARAARARAARARYL ARKG ARAARARARSN SANG rPAAMAAMAAD Here CP M is looking at the area on the virtual disk where it is expecting to find a valid CP M file directory However on a NSDOS disk that CP M directory is nowhere to be found Whatever is at the expected position on the disk will show up as gibberish A similar problem occurs in North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 41 the reverse case when you are looking at a North Star CP M disk with NSDOS But in this case because North Star CP M came later than NSDOS North Star were able to format their CP M disks such that valid data is produced when you try to use LI on a North Star CP M disk Using NSDOS CP M floppy disk mounted on drive 2 LI 2 CP M 2 2 QUAD CAP DISKETTE CPM FROM NORTH STAR SYSTEM TRACKS BIOS USER CPM CCP CPM BDOS m OwWEOORARAROOCOOCOOCOOOO DIR SEC1 20 DIR SEC2 25 DIR SEC3 21 DIR SEC4 26 Seis oe 0 CPM DATA DATASEC1 22 DATASEC2 27 DATASEC3 23 PRESS RETURN T DATASEC4 284 135 NNNNOWWWWODADAAAHDDODIODDONO 0 SS OAS Aaa H zZ Cc m eO UJ OUONNNOONNNNORONOGO wn Ww N To get a better idea of the two operating systems idiosyncracies grab the user manuals for each one from a website and have a rummage though them North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 42 CPZ EMULATOR The Inter Continental Microsystems CPZ 48000 single b
19. NSE North Star Horizon Z80 Computer Emulator Copyright 1995 2013 Jack Strangio and Others This software is released under the General Public License Version 2 19th November 2013 North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 1 North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS 0 0 Table of Contents 0 1 1 1 Images and printouts INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION PRP PRPRPPPH ONODUBWNE 9 9 10 11 12 PRP PP 2 T Overview Attributions for Others Code in NSE Thanks See Also Floppy Disks and a Hard Disk Supplied with NSE Screen Views NSE Command Line Startup Options Startup examples CONFIGURATION FILES Location of Configuration Files Precedence of Configuration Files Global Configuration File User Configuration Files HE CONTROL CONSOLE NNNNNN OUBWNN NNN oNN 9 9 10 11 12 13 14 NNNNNNN 15 15 16 17 18 19 NNNNNN UJ H WWWWWW WW ONOUBWNFE Help INPUT OUTPUT CONTROL attach detach aread caps delay DISK MANAGEMENT mount umount NSE DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE memory debug log screenlog break trap NSE PROGRAM FLOW go reset quit interrupt break out to unix shell HELPER PROGRAMS NSE Tools mkhd makes hard disk image files nshdls list files on hard disk image nshdbm bitmap shows files directory and also disk space usage nshdcp copy files from hard disk imag
20. ONDARY CONFIGURATION BYTE LAST USED HICRO DISK DRIVE POLING YECTOR ENTRY POINT FROH BOOT PROH CHARACTER OUTPUT ROUTINE CHARACTER INPUT ROUTINE TERMINAL INITIALIZATION ROUTINE CONTROL C CHECK NOMRECOVERABLE HICRO DISK ERROR YECTOR HICRO DISK FILE LOOKUP ROUTINE HICRO DISK DIRECTORY UPDATE LOWEST LEVEL HICRO DISK DRIVER HICRO DISK DIRECTORY LISTER SYSTEM RESTART ADDRESS READ AFTER WRITE AND INTERRUPT FLAGS HICRO DISK ARGUMENT ERROR VECTOR HICRO DISK DENSITY FLAG COHHAND PROCESSOR AUTOSTART FLAG PERSONALIZATION BYTE NUHBER OF CONSOLE DISPLAY LINES PERSONALIZATION BYTE HICRO DISK DRIVE COMBINATION STORAGE FOR RESULT OF LAST DISK OPERATION TYPE OF LAST HDCOH ERROR SECTOR ADDRESS OF LAST HDCOH ERROR DRIVE NUMBER OF LAST HDCOH ERROR PERSONALIZATION BYTE ADDRESS OF HICRO DISK CONTROLLER STORAGE FOR PROCESSOR SPEED INDICATOR HEHORY LIMIT INDICATOR ADDITIONAL OUTPUT DEVICE NUMBER CHARACTER OUTPUT BYPASSING ADDITIONAL DEVICE FEATURE INPUT DEVICE STATUS CHECK OFTEN CHO CHI CON HDERR DLOOK DCOH RWCHK DOSER DEN AUTOS PAGES CONFG RESLT HDEHC HDEDA HDEDM HICE FTPTH HHEH ADEY AOUT ISTAT EQU 0100 0104 0105 0106 0107 O10A 010D 0110 0113 0116 0119 oic OLIF 0122 0125 0128 0128 012C O12F 0130 0133 0144 0135 0136 0137 0139 013A O13B 0130 0130 3E AAAA AAAANANANA AAAA A AAAA A AAAA AAA ANANA AANAO ARANRKRAAARAKR ARKRAARAKRAARAAN NO NO NO NE NO NO NO NE NONE NONE NO NO NONE
21. as added to the North Star Horizon NSE is constructed from two modules The first module contains the 64K of RAM a Z80 microprocessor emulator and a display screen There is also a monitor which emulates the operator s interaction with the hardware such as inserting or removing floppy disks and organizing the interaction between the host linux machine and the virtual Z80 machine This first module is installed as a system library or dll called libemu8bit_z80 and can be called by NSE or any other Z80 based emulator software such as CPZ or CCS The second module consists of the North Star Horizon specific components such as the data and control ports of the serial and parallel I O the single and double density floppy disk controllers with their boot PROMS and the fixed disk controllers A second Z80 CP M emulator is included called CPZ This emulator is a virtual ICM CPZ 48000 single board computer It uses disk images which are virtual 8 disks both single density single sided and double density double sided This emulator also uses the same shared library libemu8bit_z80 and is practically identical in usages and appearance as NSE 1 2 ATTRIBUTIONS FOR OTHERS CODE in NSE NSE s Z80 emulation code pretty much comes from yaze a CP M emulator written by Frank Cringle North Star specific amendments such as memory mapped floppy disk I O and a few other additions such as Mode 2 interrupt code were made by Jack Strangio NSE s Z80 dis
22. assembly code comes from Marat Fayzullin s 1999 DAsm code with some local alterations The rest of NSE cannot be blamed on anyone else but myself Jack Strangio September 2013 North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 5 1 3 THANKS have only the greatest appreciation for all those who have helped me in my rather idiosyncratic quest to write an emulator of the North Star Horizon The Horizon was my first computer which took more than 40 hours to build during the course of several weeks in late 1978 The thousands of solder joints literally burnt out a new soldering iron It says a lot for the quality of the instruction manual that most of the time really had no idea what each step did but at the end once my half dozen wiring mistakes were fixed had assembled a computer which worked perfectly I d like to mention a few of the people who have generously helped me Dave Dunfield who gave me a lot of help in many different areas Often just the fact that a disk image worked on his HORIZON COM emulator and not on my NSE emulator showed me that had to find yet one more bug He also had quite a few North Star floppy disk image files The Late Don Maslin who got me started on the double density floppy work by transferring a lot of data from my old 10 sectored disks to disk image files Martin Brown who helped me along the way with scanning old Disk Controller manuals without which was more clueless than usual Howard Harte whose rega
23. at we will boot into CP M instead lt some lines above deleted gt NorthStar floppies H H N CP M mount 1 disks HDCPM0O1 NSI N HDOS mount 1 disks HDOS22BO0T NSI mount 2 disks HDOS22REC NSI North Star hard drives mount 101 hard_disk_1 nhd mount 102 hard_disk_2 nhd go And start NSE again This time you will enter the CP M installation setup Because there is not yet any connection between HDOS and CP M you will immediately fall into the connection setup process Normally you need to switch on the disk delay in the config file to give you enough time time to hit the key before you are presented with the A gt prompt on boot up Make sure you put in a connection for the floppy as well as for the hard disk A drive or you will find yourself at an A gt prompt but no files to play with as they are still only on the floppy and you have no way of reaching them usually set the floppy in unit 1 as I and the floppy in unit 2 as J but do what you feel works for you tend to use large 30MB hard disks with as many 2 3 MB CP M virtual disks as possible but leaving at least two drive letters free for floppies say 14 large virtual drives and 2 floppy reaching your maximum allowable of 16 CP M drives 64K CP M vers 2 2 Horizon rev 1 2 0 HQ Product of North Star Computers Inc Hard Disk Boot In Process To review connections enter Semicolon within a second or two Current Connections in WorkFile CPMWORK
24. e density disks for backup This program checks the target disk to see if it matches the source disk before the copy operation takes place If the two disks do not match then an error message is given and the program restarts at the beginning Improper disk means source disk is double sided 512 byte target disk is a single sided disk for example DDT COM This your CP M Dynamic Debugger Program This program does not support Z80 instructions DISKDEF LIB Library file for generating disk definition tables as explained in the Alteration Guide DSKFMT ASM and DSKFMT COM This program formats disks in single density IBM 3740 standard or double sided single density DSKT512 ASM and DSKT512 COM This program checks 512 byte diskettes for errors This is a read only disktest program DSKTST ASM and DSKTST COM This program checks single density diskettes for errors This is a read only disktest program DUMP ASM and DUMP COM Example program supplied by Digital Research ED COM This is your CP M context editor North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 44 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 EXTRACT COM This program allows you to list source code from a PRN file by using a Starting and Ending label in your program This saves you from having to list your whole file just to get at a small area if you need to debug Syntax is as follows EXTRACT filename
25. e for use with North Star Horizon Emulator nse running HD5XDOS Disk image sizes available range from 5 MB to 30MB No Type Cylinders Heads Total Sectors Capacity 1 SG5A 153 4 9792 4 90 M 2 TN5A 153 4 9792 4 90 M 3 MS5B 306 2 9792 4 90 M 4 RD5B 306 2 9792 4 90 M 5 SG5B 306 2 9792 4 90 M 6 TN5B 306 2 9792 4 90 M 7 CM10E 612 2 19584 9 79 M 8 MS10E 612 2 19584 9 79 M 9 CM15C 306 6 29376 14 69 M 10 SG15C 306 6 29376 14 69 M 11 RD15C 306 6 29376 14 69 M 12 TN15C 306 6 29376 14 69 M 13 MS15D 480 4 30720 15 36 M 14 MS15E 459 4 29376 14 69 M North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 29 15 CM20E 612 4 39168 19 58 M 16 MS20E 612 4 39168 19 58 M 17 RD20E 612 4 39168 19 58 M 18 MS30D 459 8 58752 29 38 M 19 CM30E 612 6 58752 29 38 M 20 MS30E 612 6 58752 29 38 M 21 RD30E 612 6 58752 29 38 M Select 0 to exit _l Type SG5A disk 4 90 M capacity Is that correct Y creating disk image type SG5A 4 90 M Enter file name for this disk hard disk _1 nhd Disk ImageFile tmp nse_120805 hard_disk_1 nhd requested Disk ImageFile tmp nse_120805 hard_disk_1 nhd created OK Do you want to include the SYSTEM account and TRANSIENT file Y n y Done OK Now using a text editor of some kind prepare a config file called nsdosrc It doesn t have to be fancy as long as it tells NSE where to find its HDOS floppies or hard disks One is supplied with the source files It should look something like this nsdosrc nse startup confi
26. e sure that the minimum required parameters are available if the working directory or home directory nsdosrc files are non existent For instance a minimum global configuration file etc nse conf could supply only the value of the interrupt key or maybe do the opposite in that it could remove the need for any user level nsdosrc files at all if it was properly set up to supply all relevant NSE information for all users 1 11 GLOBAL CONFIGURATION FILE etc nse conf A minimum system wide configuration file example global config file for Northstar Horizon Computer emulator nse lines beginning with are commented out set CAPSLOCK on NSDOS uses Upper case caps on Leave control console environment begin execution of emulator go North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 13 1 12 USER CONFIGURATION FILES nsdosrc A more complex user level configuration file in the current working directory This is a copy of a real file North Star Emulator User s Guide NSE Configuration File Debug Level log DEV stuff debug 4 log xlog Attach output devices attach s20 tmp printout attach plo tmp partlout interrupt is key interrupt 60 caps on delay off NorthStar floppies mount 1 disks hdcpml nsi mount 1 disks jhd501 nsi mount 1 disks D04B01 NSI mount 2 disks D07B01 NSI North Star hard drives mount 102 disks SG5A 2 NHD mount 101 disks SG5A 1 NHD Begin emulation go
27. e to unix unskew hd image unrolls interleaved hard disk sectors nsfilecalc calculate filesizes expressed as blocks nsfd2u transfers files from floppy disk images to unix u2nsfd transfers files from unix to floppy disk image North Star Emulator User s Guide WwW NNNODAOUWU mme 13 13 13 14 15 16 16 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 23 23 23 24 24 25 25 Page 3 3 9 compact defragments floppy disk image files 25 3 10 nsfdls lists floppy disk image file directory 25 3 11 mkfs ns creates floppy disk image files 26 3 12 ni amp li manipulate nsdosrc configuration files 26 3 13 jdz80 disassembles Z80 binary files 26 3 14 OTHER TOOLS 26 3 14 cpmtools set of CP M file utilities for unix systems 26 3 15 hdos2u copy a file from HDOS to unix filesystem 27 3 16 u2hdos copy a file from the unix filesystem to HDOS 27 3 17 cpm2unix copy a file from hard drive CP M disk to unix 27 3 18 unix2cpm copy a file from unix filesystem to hard drive CP M disk 27 3 19 screenlog copy of all NSE output 27 4 VARIOUS THINGS 4 1 Other files Required 28 4 2 Compiling Libraries Required 28 4 3 Various Useful Manuals 28 4 4 Bugs 28 4 5 TODOs 28 4 6 Author amp Support 28 5 INSTALLATION AND INITIAL SETUP OF HDOS AND CP M SESSION PRINTOUT 29 NSE APPENDICES APPENDIX A HOW TO ENABLE NSDOS AND CP M TO USE THE SECOND HARD DRIVE ON HD5X CONTROLLER 35
28. enlog lt file gt screenlog screen out sends all output to the specified unix file This can be handy if output scrolls off the top of the screen before you can read it 2 13 break Set a breakpoint address to stop the emulator and return to the control console prompt break lt 4 hex digit address gt break Qa5c 2 14 trap Set a trap address to stop the emulator perform a user specified unix operation return to the emulator and continue trap lt 4 hex_digit address gt trap 2a00 A dummy function is included in the emulator source trap c which merely prints the trap address and the register values The trap function could be used to access parts of the host unix system or perform any other required operation North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 20 2 15 PROGRAM FLOW CONTROL 2 15 go new address Start or continue North Star Horizon code execution 2 16 reset Reset Does a Cold Boot of North Star Disk System 2 17 quit Terminate NSE Stop running close files close windows 2 18 interrupt Set a user selected interrupt key interrupt lt interrupt ascii value gt interrupt 1B The value is written as two hexadecimal characters thus 1b is the ESCAPE key or 60 is the BACKTICK key This interrupt key is additional to the built in key combination Shift F3 which is always active 2 19 Break out to unix shell lt unix shell command gt Is tmp NOTE With this command especially when using without
29. er s Guide Page 43 CPZ CP M Master disk Files Note that some of these will not work or will work differently when using the CPZ emulator From CPZ 48000 System Disk Explanatory Pages written September 15 1982 10 11 12 13 Disk File Explanation 9 15 82 This document describes the contents of your CP M system disk ASM COM This is the normal CP M assembler It only assembles 8080 code BASIC COM This is a public domain basic written by Gordon Eubanks for his Thesis This Basic is UNSUPPORTED BOOT ASM This is your secondary bootstrap source file used to load your CP M 2 2 deblocked operating system You will use this file any time you need to make any changes in your bios file and when you rebuild your operating system tracks See the User s Guide provided CHA BAUD This program allows you to change the baud rate of the A channel I O port The default baud rate for Channel A 9600 Baud when the system is first brought up CHA BAUD will allow you to change it CONVERT COM This program is used to convert lower case letters to upper case letters in the label field and instruction field before using the ZASM COM assembler This program will check the balance of quoted strings and if an imbalance is found will mark the source file with a character Program syntax is as follows CONVERT filename ext lt cr gt COPY512 ASM and COPY512 COM This program copies single sided or double sided deblocked 512 byte doubl
30. erating systems can read That is why you will get a I can t read this floppy type of disk error from NSDOS if you try to read files directly from Windows or Unix How do you mount or read them You need to move a file into a virtual disk image and then mount that desired virtual disk image in one of the emulated floppy drives as in mount 4 home jvs dl DBase2 nsi while in control console mode the amber screen Don t forget that unix Linux is case sensitive The command assumes that the disk image you have downloaded the disk image from the web or wherever is in home jvs dl If you then enter just plain mount at the control console prompt you should get a mount table display something similar to this gt mount Floppy 1 is lt tmp nse 64_120205 disks HDCPMO1 NSI gt Floppy 2is not mounted Floppy 3is not mounted Floppy 4is lt home jvs dl DBase2 nsi gt Hard Disk 1 is lt tmp nse 64_120205 disks SG5A 1 NHD gt Hard Disk 2 is lt tmp nse 64_120205 disks SG5A 2 NHD gt gt A second point to consider NSDOS and CP M are two entirely different operating systems If you try to read a CP M disk image with NSDOS or vice versa you won t get what you might be expecting Using CP M NSDOS floppy disk mounted in G A gt DIR G a AAAARRBRAR ARR a ARAARRARARLKR NNN a ARARARAR NNN a ARAARRAARL na AARARARAR NAN a NANANNNNNN NNN a ARARARARKR NNN a AN NNNNNNN na s AAARAARRARARKR NNN a N NNNNNNN NNN a N N
31. g the double density controller booting from the disk image specified in the default configuration file My personal start up script is usr local bin horizon which runs a wide and high terminal showing 55 lines of 132 characters bin bash jvs script runs high and wide NSE machine mkdir p home jvs tmp horizon 2 gt dev null cd home jvs tmp horizon xterm geometry 140x64 title North Star Horizon Emulator e usr local bin nse w h c home jvs nsdosrc North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 12 1 9 CONFIGURATION FILES 1 9 LOCATION OF CONFIGURATION FILES etc nse conf The system wide configuration file nsdosrc A user s default configuration file You can also use nsdosrc as a program configuration file in the current working directory PWD nsdosrc 1 10 PRECEDENCE OF CONFIGURATION FILES NSE will look for a nsdosrc file first in the current working directory If it isn t found there it will look for it in the user s HOME directory It it still hasn t found a configuration file it will look for the global configuration file etc nse conf The configuration file is a set of control console commands placed in a file at a pre specified location Generally the most useful and specific file is the nsdosrc file placed in the current working directory or in the user s home directory Because NSE depends on having certain information available at startup less specific files can be useful to mak
32. ge gt nsfd2u DO4B01 NSI nsfd2u reads the files off a double density North Star DOS disk image file and creates copies of those files in the unix file space The unix filenames will have the format of lt Name of File gt _ lt FileTlype gt _Go Address The Go address will only be used with a file of Type 1 executable example 1 The M5700 executable file is Type 1 and has a Go Address of 5700 H this has a unix file name of M5700_1 5700 example 2 The BASIC program called OTHELLO is Type 2 BASIC Program and not being a executable Type 1 will have no Go Address this has a unix file name of OTHELLO_2 3 8 u2nsfd copy file from unix to NSDOS floppy disk u2nsfd lt unix file gt lt NSDOS disk image gt u2nsfd M5700_15700 MYDOSDISK NSI u2nsfd will copy a file from the unix file space onto a double density North Star DOS disk image file If the above filename format as in nsfd2u is used for the North Star DOS filename in the unix file space then the file will be added to the NSDOS disk directory complete with Type attributes and Go Address if applicable If the NSDOS directory already has a file of the same name the new file will replace the earlier file If the above filename format is not used the file type defaults to Type 0 undefined This can then be altered using the TY command in NSDOS TY lt filename gt lt File Type gt Go Address 3 9 compact compact lt NSDOS disk image gt compact MYDOSDISK NSI compact will co
33. guration file interrupt is key interrupt 60 caps on delay off attach s20 tmp out_serial2 attach plo tmp out_parallel NorthStar floppies HHHH N CP M mount 1 disks HDCPMO1 NSI N HDOS mount 1 disks HDOS22BOOT NSTI mount 2 disks HDOS22REC NSI North Star hard drives mount 101 hard_disk_1 nhd mount 102 hard_disk_2 nhd go Now we re ready to run NSE with our own disks for the first time Type into your terminal or xterm the command nse You should now have a black screen and a prompt Enter GO HD5XDOS and then GO TOTREC 1 HDOS Initial Boot Procedure This floppy disk supplied from North Star contains two different HDOS operating systems one for 5 inch hard disks and one for the HD 18 hard disk The names of these files are HD5XDOS and HD18D0S respectively To manually boot into the correct operating system for your disk type GO HD5XDOS 1 lt cr gt If you have a 5 inch hard disk or GO HD18D0S 1 lt cr gt If you have an HD 18 hard disk North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 30 After you have done this you can follow the instructions in the Hard Disk Operating System User Manual under the heading Initial System Startup to prepare the hard disk and an automatic bootstrap disk GO_HD5XDOS North Star Hard Disk Operating System Version 2 2 0 ML TRANSIENT 48 1 WUD 1 1F00 Account SYSTEM Drive 101 TRANSIENT 48 1 WUD 1 1F00 Account SYSTEM Drive 102 GO TOTREC 1
34. he drive modulo 16 This can be thought of as either the disk address of sector 0 on the track or the 12 bits of the track number shifted up 4 bits This supplies the physical sector address quite simply by adding the PHYSICAL sector in Byte 1 to this up shifted track number example In hex numbers as it makes it easier to see Logical sector 04BD H Track Number 004B H Shifted Track 04B0 H PHYSICAL 05 H Physical Sector 04B5 H Byte 8 CRC SUM This byte contains the lower 8 bits of the total obtained by adding all 7 previous bytes Byte 9 CRC BYTE COMPLEMENT This byte contains the complemented CRC byte The sum of Byte 8 and Byte 9 is always FF H FURTHER EXAMPLE PHY CYL HED LSt LSh STL STh CRC CRC 25 52 80 CD DE CO DE 40 BF Physical Sector 5 From Bits 0 3 of PHY Cylinder 52 H From CYL 0200 H From Bits 4 amp 5 of PHY 0252 H 594 Dec Head 0 From Bits 0 2 of HED Logical Sector DECDH 57037 Dec Physical Sector 5 From PHY DECO H From Shifted Track DEC5 H 57029 Dec CRC 25H 52H 80H CDH DEH COH DEH 440 H 40H CRC 40H complemented BF H or BF H 40 H FF H North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 39 APPENDIX D NSE s HARD DISK IMAGE FILE STRUCTURE The hard disk image structure s size varies according to the number of sectors which were in the original physical hard disk The sectors are laid out as in physical sectors rather than logical sectors This mea
35. ll to copy files to and from disk images using the cpmtools disk_defs supplied with the two emulators Append the disk_defs supplied to the file etc cpmtools diskdefs using any suitable text editor System tracks With the CPZ disk images the system tracks take up Track 0 Side 0 plus one other track If the disk is single sided the systems tracks are Track 0 Side 0 and Track 1 Side 0 If the disk is double sided the systems tracks are Track 0 Side 0 and Track O Side 1 The CPZ 48000 software distinguishes between the various disk formats by inspecting the byte at 7EH on Track 0 Side 0 Sector 1 The first sector on the disk The byte values signify DE double density 512 byte sectors single sided DC double density 512 byte sectors double sided E5 single density 128 byte sectors single sided E7 single density 128 byte sectors double sided The identification byte is used or implemented by the CPZ specific programs 1 Formatting programs DSKFMT Formats single double sided 8 floppies with 26x128 byte sectors per track FMT512 Formats single double sided 8 floppies with 16x512 byte sectors per track except for Track 0 Side 0 which has 26 128 byte sectors DSKTST amp DSKT512 checks single amp double density disk sectors for errors 2 Other programs which write at the raw sector level COPY512 Copies a complete disk SGEN512 Writes system tracks to double density 512 byte sector tracks North Star Emulator Us
36. lt first label gt lt second label gt lt cr gt where filename name of file with extension PRN assumed first label starting label second label ending label FMT512 ASM and FMT512 COM This program formats diskettes in either single sided or double sided 512 byte x 16 sectors Track 0 Side 0 is always single density 128 byte sectors for single sided or double sided disks GUESS COM This is a small computer game written in assembly language IOEQU LIB This file is used in conjunction with TURBO ASM during assembly time LOAD COM Used to load HEX files into COM files for running in CP M s TPA space MOVCPM COM This file is used to create a system image file which is used to rebuild your CP M operating system Do not destroy this file as it is the only file which allows you to change your system memory size See the CP M User s Guide for further instructions NEWMAC LIB This is a collection of MACRO s which are used in some of the support programs provided on this diskette PIP COM This the CP M interchange program RUN COM This is the runtime package used with the BASIC COM program This program is likewise NOT suported SETTIME COM Program used to set the REAL TIME CLOCK date and time This program is used with the auto start feature of CP M if you set the AUTOTIM equate true in the BIOS file CPZ will NOT change the system clock SGEN512 ASM and SGEN512 COM This program is used to place your CP M
37. mpact a North Star DOS disk image file It will act similar to a defragmenting of the disk image file by moving all files towards the beginning of the disk eliminating any unused space between the files where previously deleted files once were 3 10 nsfdlIs NS floppy disk list directory nsfdls lt NSDOS disk image gt nsfdis MYDOSDISK NSI nsfdls lists the directory of the floppy disk image file in the same format as the LI in NSDOS North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 25 3 11 mkfs ns mkfs ns_ s lt disk image filename gt mkfs ns s MYSSSDDISK NSI mkfs ns_ creates an empty North Star DOS formatted floppy disk image It can produce either single sided single density disk images 88K or double sided double density disk images 350K The default size is 350K if you use the s option an 88K disk image is produced The first 8 characters of the filename are used as the disk label 3 12 ni amp li ni and li are small unix scripts for manipulating the nsdosrc configuration file in the user s current working directory ni is used for editing the nsdosrc file it will use whatever text editor is set in the user s environment li is used to list the current nsdosrc file 3 13 jdz80 Z80 disassembler jdz80 is a slightly improved version of Marat Fayzullin s 1999 DAsm in which relative jump destination addresses are calculated and displayed rather than just displaying the relative jump offsets 3 14 OTHER TOOLS 3 14 cpmt
38. n North Star Hard Disk Operating System Version 2 2 0 ML TRANSIENT 48 1 WUD 1 1F00 DT 4 1 WUD 1 5000 BACKUP 62 1 WUD 1 2600 CK 4 1 WUD 1 5000 co 8 1 WUD 1 5000 RECMAIN 30 1 WUD 2 CLEAN 18 1 WU 2 lt RECOVER LIST gt 56 1 WD 3 RECOVERS 48 1 WUD 2 RECEXP 6 1 WU 2 BAKEXP 6 1 WU 2 CPMWORK 94 1 WUD 6 BACKUPS 48 1 WD 2 RECOVER 62 1 WUD 1 2600 HBASIC 64 1 WUD 1 2600 Account SYSTEM Drive 101 LI_HDUNIT2 102 Type 125 Drive 102 Sector 2 Hard Disk Drive Not Found DH_ 0500 050F 0500 C3 24 05 60 FF 00 00 00 28 00 03 00 O01 00 08 07 LF HD5XDOS 1 5000 DH_ 5400 540F 5400 C3 24 05 60 FF 00 00 00 28 00 03 00 01 00 08 00 DS 5404 5404 FF 70 SF _HD5XDOS 1 5000 Reboot here North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 35 North Star Hard Disk Operating System Version 2 2 0 LI_HDUNIT2 102 CPM A 4096 4 WUD 7 CPM B 4096 4 WUD 7 Account HDUNIT2 Drive 102 ML TRANSIENT 48 1 WUD 1 1F00 DT 4 1 WUD 1 5000 BACKUP 62 1 WUD 1 2600 CK 4 1 WUD 1 5000 co 8 1 WUD 1 5000 RECMAIN 30 1 WUD 2 CLEAN 18 1 WUD 2 lt RECOVER LIST gt 56 1 WUD 3 RECOVERS 48 1 WUD 2 RECEXP 6 1 WUD 2 BAKEXP 6 1 WUD 2 CPMWORK 94 1 WUD 6 BACKUPS 48 1 WUD 2 RECOVER 62 1 WUD 1 2600 HBASIC 64 1 WUD 1 2600 Account SYSTEM Drive 101 CPM A 4096 4 WUD 7 CPM B 4096 4 WUD 7 Account HDUNIT2 Drive 102 DH_ 0500 050F 0500 C3 24 05 60 70 00 00 00 28 00 03 00 O01 00 08 07 2 CP M In a similar manner to HDOS the CP M floppy disk master i
39. ns the sectors in the disk image are interleaved just as they are on the physical disk There is an unskewing utility in the nse_tools directory but don t think this would ever be used by most users of NSE NOTE Validation that the file is truly a North Star Emulator hard disk image as of NSE version 0 54 depends solely on the presence of the North Star magic bytes 00 H FF H at the start of the first sector of the hard disk image file This first sector is North Star s Hard Disk Label and contains much information about the size and layout of the hard disk If the two validation bytes are not found NSE will not mount the file at all While this means that a hard disk image file may become unusable very occasionally it serves to guard against unwanted accidental damage to other types of files If warranted further tests for disk image validity may be included in later versions of NSE For producing NSE hard disk image files of the standard hard disks used by North Star Computers see under NSE Tools mkhd North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 40 APPENDIX E SUBDIRECTORIES AND OLD OPERATING SYSTEMS LIKE NSDOS AND CP M A problem with using modern operating systems like Windows and Unix with primitive operating systems like NSDOS and CP M is that the primitive operating systems know nothing at all about modern subdirectories and so are unable to read them As a consequence we are forced to using Virtual Disks which those old op
40. oard computer from around 1982 was quite advanced for its day It was designed as a base system with personality boards daughter circuitboards which took over the interfaces between different peripherals such as serial printers parallel printers 5 floppy drives 8 floppy drives etc The CPZ emulator can deal with most of the everyday operation of the CPZ 48000 and runs up to 4 eight inch floppy drives These drives simulate an 8 double sided double density floppy On track 0 side 0 the sectors are formatted to be 26 sectors of 128 byes all the rest of the tracks on both sides are formatted to 16 sectors of 512 bytes This gives a total of about 1 2megs per disk The disk image is laid out as follows each track is allocated 8K 16x512 whether filled with 26 sectors of 128 bytes or 16 sectors of 512 bytes The disk image is built up of TrackO side 0 followed by Track 0 Side 1 then Track 1 Side 0 Track 1 Side 1 etc ide 0 Side 1 Track 0 SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD Track 1 DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD Tracks Omitted Track 75 DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD Track 76 DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD DD Because the disk image is laid out regularly the unix cpmtools can be used quite we
41. on the first hard disk on startup North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 6 1 6 SCREEN VIEWS Note Most of the screen images included in the User Guide do not render well on LCD screens They look better in hard copy NSE is ncurses based When NSE starts it will look for a minimum console 25x80 Smaller screens will cause the program to abort with an error message Fig 1 Page 8 HDOS running in 25x80 screen format Fig 2 Page 9 CP M Splash Screen with XDIR output NSE looks like a typical green screen terminal of the 70 s 80 s period in particular it will default to be a terminal which acts very similar to Televideo 925 Soroc 120 ADM3A terminals When you hit the default interrupt key Shift F3 you will be shown the control console terminal This will display as an amber screen terminal Fig 3 Page 15 Monitor output from help and mount To get back to the running emulator type in the go command when you have finished with the control console If you are using a GUI an xterm even larger than 25x80 can be used Personally usually use xterms of 64x140 characters Fig 4 Page 10 WordStar running in high and wide screen format Fig 5 Page 11 HDOS running in high screen format North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 7 60 HDSXDOS North Star Hard Disk Operating System Version 2 2 0 SLI TRANSIENT DT BACKUP CK co RECMAIN WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WUD WU
42. ontain a North Star filesystem disk image If r option is used then lt file gt is mounted READ ONLY The r option is not active with hard disks The unit numbers for floppy disks and hard disks follow the North Star HDOS convention Units 1 to 4 are floppy disks units 101 and 102 are hard disks 2 8 umount Unmount a North Star disk image umount lt drive number gt umount 2 umount closes the file associated with disk drive lt drive number gt and frees the resources North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 17 2 9 NSE DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE 2 9 memory Manipulate memory in the North Star Horizon virtual machine This subsystem has usage similar to CP M DDT or MSDOS DEBUG Commands Upper or lower case commands are accepted lt Xxx gt is required parameter xxx is optional parameter C lt start address gt lt finish address gt lt start of compared block gt c 1a00 2000 2a00 Compare two equal length blocks of memory Only the bytes which are different will be displayed with location and values D start address finish address d 0 12FF Display the block of memory selected showing bytes as hexadecimal and ASCII If no start and end address specified the command will continue for 100 H bytes from where it ended last E lt start address gt E 2CFF Examine change values at memory locations The operation is stopped when no new value is entered just a plain enter F lt start address gt lt finish add
43. ools Life is simpler with comtools 2 7 or later which can be obtained from most linux repositories This set of utilities can be used to copy files directly between North Star CP M disk images and the unix linux file space It will be necessary to add the following disk definitions to the cpmtools config file diskdefs which is usually at etc cpmtools diskdefs diskdef nsfd seclen 512 tracks 70 sectrk 10 blocksize 2048 maxdir 64 skew 5 boottrk 2 os 2 2 end diskdef nshd4 seclen 512 tracks 512 sectrk 16 blocksize 4096 maxdir 256 skew 0 boottrk 0 os 2 2 end The added disk definitions will enable cpmtools to understand the North Star CP M disk North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 26 formats both the floppy disk images and the larger CP M Virtual Disk Images on the hard disk Note that you will need to copy the hard disk CP M Virtual Disk image file off from the hard disk image file by using the nshdcp program before you can start to use the cpmtools with it The utilities in comtools include cpmls list files in the North Star CP M disk image cpmcp copy files to and from the North Star CP M disk image cpmrm delete files from the North Star CP M disk image mkfs cpm prepare stub disk for CP M In my experience this does not work properly Instead use mkfs ns to produce an NSDOS disk then FORMAT it for CP M 3 15 hdos2u File in HDOS hdos2u is a HDOS utility to copy a file on a North Star Hard Disk to the unix filesy
44. operating system onto the first two tracks of your diskette This file will check to see if you are trying to place the wrong system type onto the wrong diskette type You can not place a double sided operating system onto a single sided diskette This program is only used to place systems onto 512 byte diskettes It will not work with single density disks See SYSGEN COM SKEW LIB This is another MACRO file used with some of the support programs provided on this diskette STAT COM This is your CP M status program STRIP COM This program will tear down a PRN file back into an ASM file It is mainly provided so that in the event that you should lose a source file but you have the PRN file you can reasonably recover back to your source file level This package does not remove everything such as macro expansions but at least it may be of some help Syntax is as follows STRIP filename1 filename2 lt cr gt where PRN is assumed for filenamel and ASM is assumed for filename2 SUBMIT COM Your CP M submit program SYSGEN COM Your CP M sysgen program This file only works on single density diskettes North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 45 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 TIME COM This program is used to display the date and time at the console Options include TIME lt cr gt to display the date and time and return to CP M TIME P lt cr gt causes the date and time to display until any key is p
45. ou haven t got already You will also need to be able to run sudo or as the root user This is to install the emu8bit_z80 h header file into the usr includes directory and to install the libemu8bit_z80 so shared library DLL in the usr lib directory Alternatively you could alter the Makefiles in the source directory and in the emu _lib subdirectory and locate these files in a place of your own choosing Compilation First we download the source files tarball and extract to a directory of our choice Then cd to that directory and type in make install nullius jvs tmp nse gt make install After a some lines of output you will be asked for your password to enable sudo s root privileges so that you can install the shared library to usr lib and the executables to usr local bin sudo password for jvs Once the screen output stops nse and cpz should be ready If you want to use the emulators just change directory to either cpz or nse and run the emulators by entering their names at the CLI prompt There will be usable disks supplied in the disks subdirectories for experimentation and the configuration files nsdosrc and cpzrc set up to use those If we want larger or different hard drive images for NSE we ll need some hard disks so we ll run mkhd once or twice but it s only shown once here nullius jvs tmp nse gt mkhd mkhd Version 2 4 Prepares a Standard 5 inch Hard Disk Imagefil
46. ption of the data STRUCTURE OF THE SECTOR LABEL HEADER FIELD Example PHY CYL HED LSL LSh STL STh CRC CRC 05 0c 83 BD 04 BO 04 09 F6 In typical North Star Computers fashion the sector ID label is not that as suggested by Shugart in the ST506 protocol but one which was designed by North Star themselves However there are similarities Byte 1 PHYSICAL SECTOR The lower 4 bits Bits 0 3 are used to specify the physical sector on the track The physical sector is the one calculated by skewing the reads to improve reading writing speeds The physical sector is calculated by adding 8 to the ODD logical sectors logical sector 1 is at physical sector 9 logical sector 15 is at physical sector 7 Bits 4 and 5 contain the 2 bit overflow of the CYLINDER byte Byte 2 which then gives the CYLINDER byte a total of 10 bits which allows a maximum of 1024 cylinders North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 38 Byte 2 CYLINDER This byte plus the extra 2 bits specified in Byte 1 allow 1024 cylinders Byte 3 Surface Head Number The lower 3 bits are used to specify which head is selected The high bit Bit 7 may used to specify whether the sector is write protected or not Bytes 4 5 LOGICAL SECTOR NUMBER These bytes contain the logical sector number on the hard drive This number may differ from the physical sector number because of the skewing described above Bytes 6 7 SHIFTED TRACK NUMBER These bytes contain the logical sector number on t
47. ram 01A600 1 0001 RECOVERS 80 24 48 200 4 16 0014 00028000 2 Q02E 00 HBASIC program 01C400 1 0001 RECEXP 80 3 6 200 4 16 0016 Q002C000 2 0003 00 HBASIC program 01CC00 1 0001 BAKEXP 80 3 6 200 4 16 0017 Q002E000 2 0005 00 HBASIC program 01DE00 1 0000 SYSTEM 01 0 0 000 0 1 0000 00000000 0 0000 00 ACCOUNT directory entry 01DE20 1 0001 CPMWORK 80 47 94 200 4 16 0001 00002000 6 0000 00 CP M Workfile 01E400 1 0001 RECOVER 80 31 62 200 4 16 001A 00034000 1 2600 00 Executable TypeData GO Q1ECOO 1 0001 HBASIC 80 32 64 200 4 16 001C 00038000 1 2600 00 Executable TypeData GO Q1F200 1 0001 BACKUPS 80 24 48 200 4 16 0018 00030000 2 0030 00 HBASIC program 128 DIBs per line S System D Directory X TestTrack Unallocated o Allocated U Multiple Allocation SO000000DDDDDDDD0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 ODDDDDDDONDNDNDDDODDDODODOOOOODNDDODDDDDOOOONONDODDDDODODODOONNDNDDNDDDDODONOOONNDDDDDDDDOOOODNDDDDDDDDOOOOOODODODOOOOOOOOOOOOODN wee eee ee ee ee eee nullius jvs tmp nse disks gt 3 4 nshdcp nshd copy file to unix nshdcp lt North Star hard disk image gt lt Filename gt nshdcp SG5A 1 NHD HBASIC nshdcp extracts a North Star HDOS file from the North Star Hard Disk image The filename to be extracted is case sensitive although the huge majority of HDOS filenames are upper case only North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 23 3
48. rd disk 65 535 blocks 32 768 sectors or 16 384 megabytes Each file contains its own internal DIB directory which takes up the first sector of the file itself Keep this loss of the first file sector in mind when creating your files on the hard disk The Hard Disk Directory or Index merely tells HDOS where the file s first sector with its DIB directory is located upon the hard drive Bytes North Star Blocks 256 byte Hard Disk Sectors 512 byte North Star DIBs clusters extents Kilobytes 1024 bytes Megabytes 1000x1024 bytes Select Units 0 to quit 6 Enter Value wanted 3 File is 3072000 bytes 12000 blocks 6000 sectors 94 DIBs allocation factor 4 3000 0 KB HDOS Command Line CR FILENAME ACCOUNT DISK_UNIT 12000 4 ee That size of file has unused sectors in the last DIB pii If all sectors of the last DIB were to be included the file s size would then become 3079680 bytes 12030 blocks 6015 sectors 94 DIBs allocation factor 4 3007 5 KB HDOS Command Line CR FILENAME ACCOUNT DISK_UNIT 12030 4 nullius jvs tmp nse disks gt North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 24 nsfilecalc will notify you whether the file size you have requested will not completely fill a DIB If there is unused space left in the allocated disk area you may if you want increase the size requested up to the end of the last DIB 3 7 nsfd2u copy NSDOS file from floppy disk to unix nsfd2u lt NSDOS disk ima
49. rd for old computers means he has taken the trouble to maintain lots of North Star Manuals http www hartetechnologies com manuals Northstar Bitsavers org http www bitsavers org bits NorthStar Thanks to them there are still quite a few disk image files around for the North Star Horizon Allison Parent for indicating where could get hold of information regarding the HD5X controller board 1 4 SEE ALSO The horizon com emulator for MSDOS by Dave Dunfield at Dave s Old Computers Website http www classiccmp org dunfield index htm Dave also has lots of stuff regarding the North Star Horizon and other old 8 bit computers from the 70 s and 80 s 1 5 FLOPPY DISKS AND A HARD DISK SUPPLIED WITH NSE Several floppy disks are supplied with NSE to get you up and going quickly They are stored in the disks subdirectory These archive disks have been renamed to allow their uses to be self explanatory The original names are also given here HDCPMO1 NSI was DO3B01 NSI North Star CP M Boot Disk for Hard Disks HDOS22BOOT NSI was DO4B01 NSI North Star HDOS 2 2 Boot Disk HDOS22REC NSI was DO7BO1 NSI North Star HDOS 2 2 Inital Recovery Disk Two hard disks are also supplied as samples They are SG5A type hard disks storing 5 Megabytes They have been pre formatted and recovered On them are 5 CP M virtual disks CPMA CPMB CPMC CPMD and CPME When NSE is booted with the CP M Boot Disk it will take you to the A directory
50. ress gt lt fill byte gt f 1000 2000 55 Fill a block of memory with byte value specified by lt fill byte gt H lt value gt lt value gt h 1267 abcd Hex arithmetic results of the addition of two values and the subtraction of the second value from the first value L load address l 2a00 Load the file previously specified by the N command into memory If a load address is not specified the file will be loaded into location 0000 H M lt source start address gt lt source end gt lt destination gt M 4d00 5000 6d00 Move the block of memory specified by the block s start and end into memory beginning at the destination address N lt file name gt N xtest bin bas Change active file name which specifies which unix file will be used for load and write operations North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 18 Q Quit from the memory subsystem back to the emulator s control console S lt start address gt lt end address gt string S 0100 4fff North Star Search for string delimited by quotes within memory block specified S lt start address gt lt end address gt byte byte S 0100 4FFF 38 4F 4D 60 Search for a list of bytes specified in hex and joined by dots W number of bytes in hex w 5c00 Write to the disk file previously specified by the N command Write the number of bytes specified 2 10 debug Set Debug Level debug lt hex level gt debug c3 debug with a decimal numeric a
51. rgument sets the debug level silently to the level specified 0 no debugging logged debug Level is Set to C3H using the bit map values specified here Hexadecimal debug bit values Bit 1 1 Bit 5 10 Bit 2 2 Bit 6 20 Bit 3 4 Bit 7 40 Bit 4 8 Bit 8 80 Thus debug level C3 is bit 8 bit 7 bit 2 bit 1 debug debug with no argument displays the current bit mapped level of debug logging to the log file displays the current settings then asks for a selection gt debug 1 Registers Disassembly Display 01H ON 2 Motherboard I 0 Display 02H ON 3 Development Info Display 04H OFF 4 Floppy Controllers Display 08H OFF 5 Trap Function Display 10H OFF 6 Hard Disk Controller Display 20H OFF 7 Unix BIOS Emulation 40H ON 8 Progress Configuration Info 80H ON Select Toggle or X to exit All output is sent to the log file See log below North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 19 2 11 log log the debug information to unix disk file log lt file gt log xlog sends debugging output to the specified unix file Take care because the quantity of information sent to the log file can reach the maximum size 2 Gig in 32 bit systems whole disk in 64 bit systems within a fairly short time Unless you re doing development on the North Star Emulator itself it probably will not be useful to use any debugging or logging at all 2 12 screenlog log the screen output to unix disk file scre
52. rts the capslock is Off NSDOS requires the capslock to be toggled on This can be achieved either by the actual CAPSLOCK key or by the use of this command usually put the caps on line in the configuration file 2 6 delay Toggle a delay into the Hard Drive Controller subsystem delay on off delay The delay in the hard drive subsystem will slow down the operation of the emulator It is generally only used in a very few required places when the emulator outruns the user e g when the system is looking for a character to signal the need to edit CP M Connections on the hard drive and the emulator gets to the following prompt before the user can react The HDC delay should almost always be set to off North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 16 2 7 NSE DISK MANAGEMENT 2 7 mount Mount a unix file as North Star disk image mount mount r lt drive gt lt file gt mount 1 home fred cpm_22 nsi mount without arguments merely lists the mount tables gt mount Floppy 1 is lt u 1 northstar WRK_CPMBOOT_DRI NSI gt Floppy 2is not mounted Floppy 3is not mounted Floppy 4is not mounted Hard Disk 1 is lt u 1 northstar 30mb101 nhd gt Hard Disk 2 is not mounted mount with arguments mounts lt file gt as N DOS floppy disk lt drive gt The double density controller can mount 4 floppy disks and two hard disks but the single density controller can only mount 3 floppy disks lt file gt must c
53. s also configured to use just the first hard drive In this case we don t have the easy method of doing the required changes within the emulator itself You will need to find a hex editor such as my own uddt or similar so that the bytes within the floppy disk image can be altered In the CP M disk archive disk N2212 64 NSI there will be 60H FFH bytes at positions 1ACO3H and also at 20FO8H from start of floppy disk image Change the bytes at 1AC04 and at 20F09 from FFH to 70H Save the new values to disk image North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 36 APPENDIX B REPLACE THE COMMAND LINE UNDERLINE IN HDOS 2 2 0 WITH A BACKSPACE In the days of the Teletype we made do with a back arrow or underline instead of the destructive backspace which we are more comfortable with nowadays It s a bit of a shock to the system when we have to go back to the bad old days of the command line underline METHOD ONE Change the define in the nse h file so that the variable WANT_DESTRUCTIVE_BACKSPACE is set to TRUE This is the default for NSE METHOD TWO This patch will change both the backspace and the underline to the destructive backspace if you want to fix just the underline then only adjust the byte at XX1B H If you only want the backspace to be fixed then just change the byte at XX1F H as shown below Using a hex editor load the DO04B01 NSI floppy disk file Change the two bytes at 3E1B H and at 3E1F H to point to the Control H code at 3E5F
54. stem while running HDOS All unix filenames will be considered all lower case HDOS filenames will be considered upper case 3 16 u2hdos File in HDOS u2hdos is a HDOS utility to copy a file on the unix filesystem to a North Star Hard Disk while running HDOS All unix filenames will be converted to lower case HDOS filenames considered upper case 3 17 cpm2 2unix File in CP M cpm2unix is a CP M utility to copy a file on a North Star Hard Disk CP M virtual disk image to the unix filesystem while running CP M All unix filenames will be considered all lower case HDOS filenames will be considered upper case 3 18 unix2cpm File in CP M unix2cpm is a CP M utility to copy a file on the unix filesystem to a North Star Hard Disk CP M virtual disk image while running CP M All unix filenames will be converted to lower case CP M filenames considered upper case 3 19 screenlog screenlog is not a tool as such but a record of NSE s output North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 27 4 VARIOUS 4 1 OTHER FILES REQUIRED Various floppy disk image files These are available from various sources Most of them have a nsi extension 4 2 COMPILING LIBRARIES REQUIRED The linux libraries required are libpthread libncurses and libpanel Some linux distros include libpanel with ncurses 4 3 VARIOUS USEFUL MANUALS Most of the manuals are available from http www hartetechnologies com manuals Northstar or from http itelsoft com au Probably the
55. ushed to abort TURBO ASM This your BIOS file for CP M 2 2 for use with the Intercontinental Micro Systems Corp CPU board See the User s Guide for more details TURBO LIB This file contains the macros for generating a BIOS which uses extended memory as a Memory Disk See the User s guide for more details WORM ASM and WORM COM This program is an M1 memory check program used to check memory for proper operation XDIR COM This program displays a sorted disk directory with file sizes displayed in kilobytes XSUB COM This your CP M extended submit program Z80 LIB This is a macro file containing Z80 instructions for use with Digital Research s MAC macro assembler ZASM COM This a Z80 assembler used to assemble most of the support programs The syntax for this assembler closely follows that of the CP M assembler with some exceptions as noted in the ZASM users guide North Star Emulator User s Guide Page 46
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