TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis Application User Manual
Contents
1. m Turn off start is a level default 10 of the first rising edge of the voltage waveform m Turn off stop is a level default 10 of the first falling edge of the current waveform that occurs after the turn off start Unlike the other time points which are determined from the voltage waveform this time point is determined from the current waveform m The following illustration further explains the values used in this menu Turn on stop E Turn off stop Le V d At Turn off start SS t VA Math Saturation Ze voltage Turn on Conduction Turn off region region region TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 2 35 Switching Loss You can use page 2 of the menu to turn on cursors that show where the percentage levels fall on the waveforms Use the multipurpose knob to move the cursors and change the percentage levels Watts and Joules The losses for one switching cycle are calculated in joules One joule is one Volt Amp second By default the losses are reported in watts You can choose to have them reported in joules The watts value is calculated by multiplying the joules value by the trigger frequency which is assumed to be the switching frequency 2 36 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Switching Loss Setup Sequence Start by setting up your oscilloscope to view one switching cycle A typical setup sequence might include 1 peo A oe Set up channel 1 with a volt2. a product that has been modified or integrated with other products when the effect of such modification or integration increases the time or difficulty of servicing the product WARRANTY Continued TPS2PWR1 Application THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE TEKTRONIX RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES g Table of Contents General Safety Summary iii Contacting Tektronix a u ovas ek vii Getting Started Getting Started ke uu RR A A 1 1 Basic Operation qu essa acea Races Ram xd eee ex Om dis 1 2 Rangs 645 rrr 1 2 A l 4 Checking Module Installation l 8 Troubleshooting Module Installation l 9 Reference Power Analysis remera Suh eo Pura eu era d 2 1 Waveform Analysis 2 9 Phas Angles EE a eee 2 15 SEN e 2 21 Switching LOSS avs irracional 2 29 dY di Measurements EE EEN ER EE 2 41 P3120 Specifications corales edi
3. am Tim Off 244m n Pog due tion qe ccr AU ou E Ss Total nin A E re page ot 3 M b us 2 30 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Switching Loss Page 1 of the Switching Loss menu offers the following choices Menu item Sources V SAT Use Default Levels Save Meas Description Choose CH1 8 CH2 or CH3 4 where each pair contains a voltage and a current waveform If you have a two channel oscilloscope the menu will only display the CH1 8 CH2 choice Enter the saturation voltage across the switch when the device under test DUT is on The DUT s data sheet may contain this value Enter this value with the front panel multipurpose knob Push to instruct the oscilloscope to use default levels for determining the turn on conduction and turn off regions Push to save the switching loss measurements to a CSV file on a CompactFlash card TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 2 31 Switching Loss Page 2 of the Switching Loss Menu offers the following choices Menu item Description Turn on Start Push this button and use the multipurpose knob to move the cursor to select a voltage waveform edge percentage level other than the 90 default Turn on End Push this button and use the multipurpose knob to move the cursor to select a voltage waveform edge percentage level other than the 10 default Turn off Start Push this button and use the multip
4. and earth ground Refer to Figure 2 1 Between probe reference and earth ground 600 300 Refer to Figure 2 2 Safety UL 61010B 2 031 2003 CSA 22 2 1010 2 031 1994 EN 61010 031 2002 IEC Installation Category Category II IEC Pollution Degree Degree 2 TPS2PWRI Power Analysis User Manual 2 43 P5120 Specifications P5120 Voltage derating 1 000 V Category amp V Wiesn el amm co l mama Category Ill 300 V 100 V 2 10V 5 1V N N N T N N A7 i e I gt b se SN T 2 S 85 Frequency Hz 2 S Figure 2 1 Maximum voltage derating curves Vays DC coupled probe tip to reference or earth ground 2 44 TPS2PWRI Power Analysis User Manual P5120 Specifications P5120 Voltage derating 1 000 V Category amp 11 300 V M dl te zt Category Ill 100 V S gt 10V 1V N N N N N N N N E x gt S e 88 TO Frequen
5. in this menu Phase delay period 360 CH 1 If phase 180 then phase phase 360 CH 1 gt CH 3 1 CH2 Phase Phase Delay gt Period CH3 CH2 CH 2 gt CH 3 Phase m measurement display is followed by a question mark or a question mark is displayed instead of a value you have encountered an overrange condition or other error the reading may be invalid and hazardous voltages may be present Readjust the vertical scale or position or press the front panel AUTOSET button NOTE power application measurements require an installed TPS2PWRI application key 2 20 TPS2PWRI Power Analysis User Manual AA Harmonics You can use the Harmonics menu functions to display the frequency spectrum of the source waveform and the associated measurement values and perform in depth troubleshooting of power quality problems The figures below show example setups for measuring either voltage or current harmonics in a building s wiring OS888885 Kella g 0 500000 pago Dod P1 00000 51 o 9000 52 P3 3 oes Switch mode power supply Neutral Vrms Use the P5120 floatable to 600 V rms CAT II or 300 V rms CAT III or similarly rated passive high voltage probe or an appropriately rated high voltage differential probe when floating
6. of non linear loads such as switching power supplies d Crest factor lt 1 41 Topped out voltage wave Typical of power supplies with non linear loads TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 2 13 Waveform Analysis Operating Tips m Unlike some other menus in the TPS2PWR1 Power Application the Waveform Analysis menu does not turn any channels on or off or otherwise change your setup m The following illustration further explains the values used in this menu Peak amplitude ES Crest factor peak RMS amplitude amplitude RMS amplitude Reference point Period Frequency 1 period m Ifa measurement display is followed by a question mark or a question mark is displayed instead of a value you have encountered an overrange condition or other error the reading may be invalid and hazardous voltages may be present Readjust the vertical scale or position or press the front panel AUTOSET button NOTE All power application measurements require an installed TPS2PWRI application key 2 14 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual A Phase Angles The Phase Angle menu functions help you look at the efficiency of applications such as power transmissions in industrial 3 phase applications For example you might use them to investigate whether out of phase voltage is contri
7. os 2 43 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual i AA AAA General Safety Summary Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any products connected to it To avoid potential hazards use this product only as specified Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures To Avoid Fire or Personal Injury Use Proper Power Cord Use only the power cord specified for this product and certified for the country of use Connect and Disconnect Properly Do not connect or disconnect probes or test leads while they are connected to a voltage source Connect and Disconnect Properly Connect the probe output to the measurement instrument before connecting the probe to the circuit under test Disconnect the probe input and the probe reference lead from the circuit under test before disconnecting the probe from the measurement instrument Observe All Terminal Ratings To avoid fire or shock hazard observe all ratings and markings on the product Consult the product manual for further ratings information before making connections to the product Use Proper Probe To avoid shock hazard use a properly rated probe for your measurement ji TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual General Safety Summary Floating Do not float the P2220 probe reference lead to gt 30 V rms Use the P5120 floatable to 600 CAT or 300 CAT or similarly rated passive high voltage p
8. 5 Current lags voltage by 45 Circuit is partially inductive Voltage Current Power Phase angle 0 phase Power factor 0 9 Voltage and current are in Unbalanced current typical of a switching power supply 2 5 Power Analysis Operating Tips m When you enter the Power Analysis menu the oscilloscope automatically turns on the channels selected as sources It also turns on the math multiply V A power waveform It does not make any other changes to your setup m The power measurements in this menu are based on all the complete cycles found in the voltage waveform record m The following illustration further explains the values used in this menu True power volts amps in watts v Apparent power volts amps in volt amps Power factor CDS 9 Power angle O between voltage and current Reactive power volts amps in volts amps reactive 2 6 TPS2PWRI Power Analysis User Manual Power Analysis measurement display is followed by a question mark or a question mark is displayed instead of a value you have encountered an overrange condition or other error the reading may be invalid and hazardous voltages may be present Readjust the vertical scale or position or press the front panel AUTOSET button NOTE power application measurements require an installed TPS2PWRI applicati
9. Application examples provided in the Reference section of this manual If you see a question mark on the screen you might press the front panel AUTOSET button or adjust the oscilloscope as described below To optimize the automated mea surements in the Power Analysis Waveform Analysis and Phase Angles menus adjust the oscillo scope so that the TPS2000 displays at least one complete cycle of the waveform the amplitude of each waveform is more than two divisions all waveform data points are on the screen each cycle occupies at least one horizontal division TPS2PWRI Power Analysis User Manual Getting Started Start the application APPLICATION Push the front panel APPLICA TION button to access the power application functions The power D29980 application menu will appear in the oscilloscope s right side menu It 200000 will present the power measurement 5 00000 choices shown below Power applications Description Power Analysis True power reactive power true power factor phase angles Waveform Analysis Cyc RMS crest factor frequency Phase Angles Phase angle in degrees between each of CH1 CH2 and for 4 channel models CH3 Harmonics Fundamental RMS Harmonics phase frequency and RMS Switching Loss Turn on turn off conduction and total loss For further information on general set up of
10. PS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 2 17 Phase Angles It displays the following measurements Menu item Source Description CH1 gt CH2 CH2 gt CH3 CH1 gt CH3 If you have a two channel oscilloscope the menu will only display the phase difference between channels 1 and 2 You will need to move the probes around to make three phase measurements The angles in degrees range from 180 to 180 The angle is positive if the lower numbered channel s waveform leads the higher numbered channel s waveform It is negative if the lower numbered channel s waveform lags rather than leads For example the angle is positive if the CH1 waveform leads the CH2 waveform The angle is negative if the CH1 waveform lags behind the CH2 waveform TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Phase Angles The figures below show stylized example results with a perfect 120 degrees separating each phase and with imperfect separations CH CH2 CH3 Phase Phase B Phase C 4120 kann 4 120 CHI CH2 CH2 CH3 CHI CHI CH1 CH2 CH3 Phase A Phase B Phase C U A 125 125 110 CH1 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH1 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 2 19 Phase Angles Operating Tips m This menu computes phase angles To measure phase angle as the angle whose cosine is the true power factor use the Power Analysis menu m The following illustration further explains the values used
11. S2PWR1 Power Analysis application software adds power measurements to a TPS2000 series oscilloscope Specific features include Power Analysis Calculates the true power reactive power power factor and phase angle for a pair of voltage and current waveforms Waveform Analysis Calculates the RMS value crest factor and frequency for a waveform Phase Angles Calculates the phase angle between each pair of three voltage or current waveforms Harmonics Calculates up to 50 harmonics and can display each harmonic s phase angle with respect to the fundamental frequency its percent of the fundamental frequency and the THD TDD value for the entire waveform Switching Loss Calculates the turn on switching loss turn off switching loss conduction loss and total switch loss for a pair of voltage and current waveforms dV dt and di dt cursors Calculates dv dt or di dt between two cursors on a waveform TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 1 1 Getting Started Basic Operation See the TPS2000 User Manual the P2220 Instructions and the P5120 Instructions for information on ratings and on basic operations including safety installation functional checks probe attenuation and scaling settings and self calibration Ratings TPS2000 The TPS2000 oscilloscopes are rated to 300 V CAT II signal to common IEC 61010 and 600 V CAT floating reference to earth ground reference P2220 The rating for the P2220 passiv
12. User Manual Tektronix TPS2PWRI Power Analysis Application 071 1452 00 www tektronix com Copyright O Tektronix Inc All rights reserved Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its suppliers and are protected by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions Use duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 1i of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 or subparagraphs c 1 and 2 of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52 227 19 as applicable Tektronix products are covered by U S and foreign patents issued and pending Information in this publication supercedes that in all previously published material Specifications and price change privileges reserved Tektronix Inc P O Box 500 Beaverton OR 97077 TEKTRONIX TEK and TEKPROBE are registered trademarks of Tektronix Inc WARRANTY TPS2PWR1 Application Tektronix warrants that the product listed above will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one 1 year from the date of original purchase from an authorized Tektronix distributor If any such product proves defective during this warranty period Tektronix at its option either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product Batteries
13. age probe Use the channel menu to set the voltage probe attenuation Connect the voltage probe tip to the IGBT collector Connect the reference lead to the emitter Set up channel 2 with a current probe Use the channel menu to set the current probe scale factor Connect the current probe in the collector leg Alternatively you may connect the current probe in the emitter leg However the emitter current includes the gate drive current which may be significant Set the trigger source to channel 1 Press the AUTOSET button to get a preliminary setup Set the trigger slope to Falling If any of the signals are noisy you may want to press the front panel ACQUIRE button and then the side menu Average menu item Press the front panel APPLICATION button and then the side menu Switching Loss menu item Adjust the horizontal scale and position to show one falling edge and one rising edge of the voltage waveform Adjust channel 1 channel 2 and math vertical scale and vertical position so that each waveform amplitude is more than two divisions but is not clipped TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 2 37 Switching Loss 2 38 The oscilloscope will display the loss measurements in the lower part of the graticule area If the waveform information needed for a measurement is not on the screen the oscilloscope will display a question mark in place of the measurement Measurement Strategies Different power supplies require diffe
14. ally a higher power factor means more efficient use of energy A purely resistive circuit would have a power factor of 1 0 A purely inductive one would have a power factor of 0 0 Displays the angle 90 to 90 whose cosine is the true power factor For sinusoidal waveforms this value is the same as the phase angle measured in the Phase Angles menu For non sinusoidal waveforms the two phase angle measurements may differ Phase Angle The angle is positive if the CH1 waveform typically voltage leads the CH2 waveform tvpicallv current The angle is negative if the CH1 waveform lags behind the CH2 waveform 2 4 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Power Analysis Sample Results Next analyze your results The figures below show stylized examples A M E ai S DES Of Polina 0 HHH HHH A HH Voltage Voltage Current Current Power Power Power factor 1 Phase angle 0 Voltage and current are in phase Resistive circuit t i AA l L4 0 Voltage Current Power Power factor 0 9 Phase angle 0 Voltage and current are in phase Unbalanced current typical of an adjustable speed motor drive TPS2PWRI Power Analysis User Manual Power factor 0 707 Phase angle 4
15. are excluded from this warranty Parts modules and replacement products used by Tektronix for warranty work may be new or reconditioned to like new performance All replaced parts modules and products become the property of Tektronix In order to obtain service under this warranty Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service Customer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix shipping charges prepaid and with a copy of Customer proof of purchase Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges duties taxes and any other charges for products returned to any other locations This warranty shall not apply to any defect failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install repair or service the product b to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment c to repair any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non Tektronix supplies or d to service
16. buting to overheating in a three phase motor Because the channels are independently isolated the reference lead for each probe must be separately connected to the reference point of the circuit under test The figure below shows one way of hooking up the oscilloscope to measure the phase angles of voltage going into a motor s variable speed drive TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 2 15 Phase Angles Neutral Vrms Use the P5120 floatable to 600 V rms CAT II or 300 V rms CAT III or similarly rated passive high voltage probe or an appropriately rated high voltage differential probe when floating the common lead above 30 V pue subject to the ratings of such high voltage probe T WARNING Do not float the P2220 probe reference lead to 30 2 16 TPS2PWRI Power Analysis User Manual Phase Angles Push Phase Angles to bring up the Phase Angle Menu The menu will display the phase angle between any two of the three channels in a three phase electrical system Simplify your measurements by using three voltage or current probes and a 4 channel version of the TPS2000 You can also use a 2 channel instrument if you move your probes around to make the measurements Phase Angles CH1 CH2 125 3 CH2 CH3 116 22 CH1 CH3 118 5 2 50ms 25 04 11 10 T
17. cy Hz Figure 2 2 Maximum voltage derating curves Vays DC coupled probe reference to earth ground TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 2 45 P5120 Specifications Table 2 2 Typical electrical characteristics Rise Time System lt 3 6 ns TPS2012 2014 Checked using optional BNC adapter lt 2 2 ns TPS2024 Typical Input Resistance System 5 See Figure 2 3 Input Phase System See Figure 2 4 Compensation Range 15 pF to 25 pF Input Capacitance System 11 2 pF Probe connected to instrument and properly compensated Checked at 1 MHz P5120 Impedance 10 MQ 5 1 100 10 OHMS 100 Q 10 Q 10 Hz 2 100 Hz 1 KHz 10 KHz 100 KHz 1 MHz 10 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz Frequency Hz Figure 2 3 Typical input impedance 2 46 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual P5120 Specifications P5120 Phase 0 10 20 30 40 ER S 50 e 60 70 80 90 oe N N N N N I T s gt se o mE o e o 7 j S Frequency Hz Figure 2 4 Typical input phase TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 2 47 P5120 Specifications Table 2 3 Typical mechanical characteristics Net Weight including accessories Cable Length Tab
18. dentify conditions or practices that could result in injury or loss of life CAUTION Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to this product or other property Terms on the Product These terms may appear on the product DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product Symbols on the Product These symbols may appear on the product CAUTION Standby Chassis Ground Refer to Manual TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual IEEE ETA Contacting Tektronix vi Phone Address Web site Sales support Service support Technical support 1 800 833 9200 Tektronix Inc Department or name if known 14200 SW Karl Braun Drive P O Box 500 Beaverton OR 97077 USA www tektronix com 1 800 833 9200 select option 1 1 800 833 9200 select option 2 Email techsupport Wtektronix com 1 800 833 9200 select option 3 1 503 627 2400 6 00 a m 5 00 p m Pacific time This phone number is toll free in North America After office hours please leave a voice mail message Outside North America contact a Tektronix sales office or distributor see the Tektronix web site for a list of offices TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual RH Getting Started AA Getting Started The TP
19. e probe is X10 position 300 Vrms CAT II probe tip to earth ground XI position 150 Vrms CAT II probe tip to earth ground The probe reference lead is rated to float 30 V max to earth ground P5120 The rating for the P5120 passive high voltage probe is 1000 Vr ms CAT II probe tip to earth ground The probe reference lead is rated to float to 600 Vrms CAT II to earth ground 1 2 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Getting Started Overvoltage categories Overvoltage categories are defined as follows CAT III Distribution level mains fixed installation CAT II Local level mains appliances portable equipment H CATI Signal level special equipment or parts of equipment telecommunications electronics More complete product specifications are contained in the User Manual for the TPS2000 and for the various probes TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 1 3 Getting Started Start Up To install a TPS2PWR1 application module on your TPS2000 series oscilloscope follow these steps Observe ESD precautions To avoid damage to the oscilloscope or the application module observe proper electrostatic discharge ESD precautions Use an ESD strap O2282880 Insert the application key os 8 B hile the oscill is turned off 200000 While the oscilloscope is turned off insert the power analysis applica tion key in the indicated slot below APPLICATION and to the right of the d
20. e selected individual harmonic relative to the fundamental To see details on individual harmonics turn the oscilloscope multipurpose knob Turn the knob clockwise to increase the selected harmonic number e g 1 2 3 4 or turn it counter clockwise to decrease the selected harmonic number The oscilloscope will display 13 consecutive harmonics at a time To see harmonics not currently displayed simply turn the multipurpose knob clockwise beyond the first one shown to see a harmonic that follows the last one currently displayed or counterclockwise beyond the first one shown to see a harmonic that precedes the first one currently displayed TPS2PWRI Power Analysis User Manual 2 25 Harmonics 2 26 The harmonics application only displays harmonics data on signals with frequencies of 40 Hz to 450 Hz To view the harmonics of a signal with a fundamental frequency outside those ranges or to see spectrum information for frequencies that are not harmonics of the fundamental use the FFT function in the MATH menu The FFT function does not provide the same display as the harmonics application If the harmonics menu setup control is set to Automatic then when you enter the harmonics menu the oscilloscope will adjust various settings to optimize the harmonics display When you exit the menu the oscilloscope will restore itself to the previous settings Manual Setup If you choose to manually set up your waveform for the ha
21. ents Push the Cursor front panel button and the Type button in the resulting Cursor side menu to select the dY dt measurement The measurement will appear in the lower left graticule area Adjust the cursors to vary the portion of the waveform over which to measure The dY dt measurements are only available when the power application key is installed W Pos 53 00 us CURSOR Type Time Source CH1 Cursor 1 92 2 Us W 1 00 us 24 May 04 15 05 2 42 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual a P5120 Specifications The P5120 warranted specifications of Table 2 1 that appear in boldface tvpe are specifications checked in the Performance Verification section of the P5120 Passive High Voltage Probe Instructions Tektronix part number 071 1463 00 Specifications that are not warranted are typical Tables 2 2 and 2 3 and are provided as general information for your convenience The specifications apply to a P5120 probe installed on a Tektronix TPS2000 series oscilloscope The instrument must have a warm up period of at least 20 minutes and be in an environment that does not exceed the limits described in Table 2 4 Table 2 1 Warranted electrical specifications Attenuation 20X 2 DC coupled system Bandwidth DC to 200 MHz TPS2024 3 dB DC coupled system DC to 100 MHz TPS2012 TPS2014 Maximum Rated Input Voltage IEC 1010 1 Installation Category Il Between probe tip and probe reference 1000 600 or between probe tip
22. he screen To examine the results from individual acquisitions go to page 1 of the switching loss menu and push the Save Meas button This saves the detailed data to a CSV file on a Compact Flash card TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 2 39 Switching Loss m Ifa measurement display is followed by a question mark or a question mark is displayed instead of a value you have encountered an overrange condition or other error the reading may be invalid and hazardous voltages may be present Readjust the vertical scale or position or press the front panel AUTOSET button NOTE power application measurements require an installed TPS2PWRI application key 2 40 TPS2PWRI Power Analysis User Manual dY dt Measurements Use this menu to measure the slope rate of change of signals Y can refer to voltage current or a product of voltage and or current The figure below shows an example setup for measuring dY dt results A WARNING Do not float the P2220 probe reference lead to gt 30 Vrms Use the P5120 floatable to 600 V rms CAT II or 300 V rms CAT III or similarly rated passive high voltage probe or an appropriately rated high voltage differential probe when floating the common lead above 30 subject to the ratings of such high voltage probe TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 2 41 dY dT Measurem
23. isplay The kev s label should face up f Power on the oscilloscope 000085800 Osi SR 0 556 0 B Ses Wait until the display appears Push 610 OOO CO 55 the side menu OK button to conti nue ON Standby button 1 4 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Getting Started CH 1 Probe iX CH1 Probe Voltage VOLTS DIV s Voltage Current Attenuation 10X PROBE COMP TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Attach the probes to the oscilloscope and set up the probes Press the appropriate front panel CH 1 CH 2 CH 3 or CH 4 Menu buttons and the appropriate Voltage or Current side menu selection and the Attenuation side menu selec tion Compensate the voltage probes For a P5120 probe connect the probe to channel 1 on the oscillo scope To do this align the slot in the probe connector with the key on the CH 1 BNC push to connect and twist to the right to lock the probe in place Connect the probe tip and reference lead to the PROBE COMP termi nals Repeat this process for each probe Degauss current probes if required 1 5 Getting Started AUTO SET ES An mis 1 6 For examples of probe connections to circuits refer to the
24. le 2 4 Environmental specifications Temperature Humidity Transportation Altitude 0 26 kg 0 57 Ib 3 m 3 cm 9 84 ft Operating 0 to 50 C 32 F to 122 F Nonoperating 40 C to 71 C 40 F to 159 F Operating High 50 C 122 F 60 RH Low 30 C 86 F 60 RH Nonoperating High 55 C to 71 C 131 F to 160 F 60 RH Low 0 C to 30 C 32 F to 86 F lt 90 RH Tektronix Standard 062 0937 00 Revision C 4 600 m 15 092 ft 12 192 m 40 000 ft Operating Nonoperating TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual
25. lloscope will display the source waveform and measurement values These waveform analysis functions provide measurements to help you analyze individual waveforms These operations require use of an individual voltage or current probe Pos 0 000s Wim Analysis Source CH1 10 0ms 21 May 04 16 35 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 2 11 Waveform Analysis The menu offers the following choices and values Menu item Description Source Selects the channel Choose between CH1 or CH2 or ain models you can also choose CH4 Cyc RMS Displays the RMS value of the first complete cycle of the selected waveform Crest Factor Displays the ratio of the maximum value of the entire waveform to the RMS value of the first complete cycle The ratio of the signal s peak value to the RMS value It is 1 414 for a pure sine wave and 1 0 for a 50 duty cycle square wave The voltage crest factor indirectly specifies the purity of the AC supply The current crest factor indirectly specifies the ability of the load to draw high AC peak currents Freq Displays the frequency inverse of the period of the first complete cycle 2 12 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Waveform Analysis Sample Results Next analyze your results The figures below show stylized examples Crest factor 1 41 Clean sine wave Crest factor gt 1 41 Current spike Typical
26. o any input including the reference inputs that varies from ground by more than the maximum rating for that input Avoid Exposed Circuitry Do not touch exposed connections and components when power is present Avoid Electric Shock To avoid injury or loss of life do not connect or disconnect probes or test leads while they are connected to a voltage source Keep Probe Surface Clean and Dry To avoid electric shock and erroneous readings keep probe surface clean and dry Attached the Reference Leads Correctly If you are using multiple oscilloscope channels you must attach the probe reference lead for each channel directly to the circuit common reference that you are measuring These connections are required because the oscilloscope channels are electrically isolated They do not share a common chassis connection Use the shortest possible reference lead with each probe to maintain good signal fidelity If Question Marks are Displayed If a measurement display is followed by a question mark or a question mark is displayed instead of a value you have encountered an overrange condition or other error the reading may be invalid and hazardous voltages may be present Readjust the vertical scale or position or press the front panel AUTOSET button iv TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual General Safety Summary gt Symbols and Terms Terms in This Manual These terms may appear in this manual WARNING Warning statements i
27. on key TPS2PWRI Power Analysis User Manual 2 7 Power Analysis 2 8 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual SA Waveform Analvsis Vou can use the waveform analvsis menu functions to measure the crest factor and further characterize vour power qualitv situation This is useful in offices or manufacturing plants where the load on a particular branch may vary affecting the quality of the power to the attached loads The following figure shows example setups for measuring the crest factor for either voltage or current TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 2 9 Waveform Analysis S3 P3 s2 ace P1 S1 A622 P5120 240205005 0009200 odid Odo o WARNING Do not float the P2220 probe reference lead to gt 30 N Vrms Use the P5120 floatable to 600 V rms CAT II or 300 V rms CAT or similarly rated passive high voltage probe or an appropriately rated high voltage differential probe when floating the common lead above 30 V pue subject to the ratings of such high voltage probe 2 10 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Waveform Analysis Push the Waveform Analysis button to show the Waveform Analysis Menu on the right side of the screen and the source voltage or current waveform to the left of the menu The osci
28. orm and the underlying time domain waveform You will typically view the contents of the harmonics CSV file on a personal computer You cannot recall the file to the oscilloscope TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 2 23 Harmonics 2 24 The Automatic setup control directs the oscilloscope to save your settings when you enter the harmonics menu and restores them when you leave The automatic setup does the following Sets the source channel vertical position to zero Sets the source channel vertical coupling to DC and bandwidth limit to on Adjusts the source channel vertical scale so the signal amplitude 15 at least two divisions W Sets the trigger source to the source channel W Sets the trigger type to edge slope to rising and coupling to DC Adjusts the trigger level to mid level of the source channel signal Adjusts the horizontal scale to capture three to five cycles of the source channel W Sets the acquisition mode to average with 16 waveforms average TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Harmonics Operating Tips m The oscilloscope will calculate the first 50 harmonics if you choose Harmonics and the first 25 odd or even harmonics otherwise m The oscilloscope will show the number of the selected harmonic m the frequency of the selected individual harmonic m the magnitude and percent of the fundamental for the selected harmonic the phase angle of th
29. rent and voltage waveforms These operations require the use of both a voltage and a current probe Pos 0 000s Pwr Analysis Sources CH2 True Power 3 11 Reactive Power True Power Factor 745 Phase Angle 41 80 0 2 2 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Power Analysis The menu includes the following choices and values Menu item Sources True Power Reactive Power Description Selects a channel pair On a four channel oscilloscope choose either CH1 and CH2 CH3 and CH4 On a two channel oscilloscope the sources are fixed as CH1 4 CH2 CH1 and CH2 and CH3 and CHA should be pairs of voltage current waveforms The math multiply waveform is always set to use the selected sources Displays the true power Calculated by taking the mean value of the math V A waveform Displays the reactive power Volts Amps Reactive Calculated by multiplying together the RMS value of the voltage waveform the RMS value of the current waveform and the sine of the phase angle The computation of phase angle is explained in the phase angle section of the manual TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 2 3 Power Analysis Menu item Description True Power Factor Displays the ratio 0 to 1 of true power to apparent power Apparent power is calculated by multiplying the RMS value of the voltage waveform by the RMS value of the current waveform Typic
30. rent measurement strategies If your supply has a constant switching frequency a constant duty cycle and conduction time is relatively short the setup described earlier should give you good results If your signal has a constant switching frequency and a constant duty cycle but conduction time is long relative to turn on and turn off it may not be possible to accurately measure all three regions at the same time In this case you can use the horizontal position and horizontal scale controls to zoom and pan to the turn on region and measure the turn on loss Next zoom and pan to the turn off region and measure the turn off loss Finally change the setup to display the full cycle and measure the conduction loss TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Switching Loss If your signal has a constant switching frequency but a varying duty cycle you may be able to use the Stop After N Measurements feature to obtain good measurements Do the following 1 Set up the oscilloscope so that a single acquisition covers events with the longest duty cycle Go to page 3 of the Switching Loss menu and select the Stop After N Measurements mode Rotate the multipurpose knob to set N to a value large enough to collect a good sample of measurements with a variety of duty cycles This may require experimentation Push the RUN button After the oscilloscope completes the specified number of measurements examine the average values reported on t
31. rize power losses in IGBT switching power supplies and similar circuits as they switch on and off Switching loss operations require the use of a voltage and a current probe Switching loss measurements can characterize the efficiency of an adjustable speed drive The figure below shows an example setup for measuring switching loss Place an isolated floating voltage probe like the P5120 or a differential voltage probe like the P5200 across the device s collector and emitter Place a current probe like the A622 to measure the collector current gt A622 WARNING Do not float the P2220 probe reference lead to gt 30 DA Vrms Use the P5120 floatable to 600 V rms CAT II or 300 V rms CAT III or similarly rated passive high voltage probe or an appropriately rated high voltage differential probe when floating the common lead above 30 V subject to the ratings of such high voltage probe TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 2 29 Switching Loss Push the Switching Loss button to show the Switching Loss Menu The oscilloscope will display the voltage and current source waveforms related measurement values and will automatically set up and display a Math waveform of the instantaneous power function Pos 5 120715 Switching Las E III 1 1 1 i 11181 1101 clle 71717 Ag EPIS TAn 0n72 MAMMA
32. rmonics functions the oscilloscope will not return to your prior setup when exiting the harmonics menu TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Harmonics m The following illustration further explains the values used in this menu RMS Amplitude of fundamental RMS Amplitude of selected harmonic Fundamental frequency Total harmonic distortion ratio of power in harmonics to power in fundamental measurement display is followed by a question mark or a question mark is displayed instead of a value you have encountered an overrange condition the reading is invalid and hazardous voltages may be present Readjust the vertical scale or press the front panel AUTOSET button NOTE power application measurements require an installed TPS2PWRI application key TPS2PWRI Power Analysis User Manual 2 27 Harmonics Sample Results Next analyze your results The figures below show some examples Clean harmonics for a line voltage signal with no secondary harmonics and no load V RMS 120 V THD 0 Sth 7th 11th and 13th harmonics for the voltage of an adjustable speed drive of a motor with 6 rectifiers V RMS 120 V THD 135 zs F WM ON EK Odd ordered harmonics 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th and 13th for the voltage from a switched power supply V RMS 120 V THD 90 2 28 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual AA Switching Loss Use the switching loss functions to characte
33. robe or an appropriately rated high voltage differential probe when floating the reference lead above 30 V rms subject to the ratings of such high voltage probe Powering Off The power cord provides Mains disconnect Replace Batteries Properly Replace batteries only with the proper type and rating specified Recharge Batteries Properly Recharge batteries for the recommended charge cycle only Use Proper AC Adapter Use only the AC adapter specified for this product Do Not Operate Without Covers Do not operate this product with covers or panels removed Avoid Exposed Circuitry Do not touch exposed connections and components when power is present Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures If you suspect there is damage to this product have it inspected by qualified service personnel Environment Pollution Degree 2 As defined in IEC61010 1 2001 Do not operate in an environment where conductive pollutants may be present See Appendix A of the TPS2000 Oscilloscope User Manual for Environmental characteristics Do Not Operate in Wet Damp Conditions Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere Keep Product Surfaces Clean and Dry TPS2PWRI Power Analysis User Manual iii General Safety Summary Provide Proper Ventilation Refer to the manual s installation instructions for details on installing the product so it has proper ventilation Avoid Electric Overload To avoid injury or fire hazard do not apply potential t
34. s an office or industrial plant Find out how efficiently your facility 15 using 165 electrical power or troubleshoot malfunctioning equipment To begin hook up your TPS2000 and an appropriate passive voltage probe such as the P5120 and current probe such as the A622 or TCP305 to the portion of the power distribution system that you wish to test as shown below Your specific circuit may have different probe requirements than those just mentioned 0 00 500 O00 U P3 2 P1 Neutral WARNING Do not float the P2220 probe reference lead to 30 N Vrms Use the P5120 floatable to 600 V rms CAT II or 300 Vrms CAT III or similarly rated passive high voltage probe or an appropriately rated high voltage differential probe when floating the reference lead above 30 Vrys subject to the ratings of such high voltage probe TPS2PWRI Power Analysis User Manual 2 1 Power Analysis Push the Power Analysis button to show the Power Analysis Menu The osclloscope will display the voltage and current source waveforms and display related measurement values It will also automatically set up and display a Math waveform of the instanta neous power function V A These power analysis functions analyze the interaction of the source cur
35. splavs the power loss of the device in watts or joules when the device is transitioning between its off and on states Turn on loss is the area under the VA waveform during the time period between turn on start and turn on stop Displavs the power loss of the device in watts or joules when the device is transitioning between its on and off states Turn off loss is the area under the VA waveform during the time period between turn off start and turn off stop Displavs the power loss of the device in watts or joules when the device is conducting in its on state Conduction loss is calculated bv multiplving the current waveform by the saturation voltage of the device and integrating over the time period defined by the edge levels The algorithm uses the user entered saturation voltage rather than the voltage waveform because the level of the voltage waveform is usually too small to measure during conduction Displays the sum of the turn on turn off and conduction losses TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Switching Loss Operating Tips m The switching loss algorithm measures power over three time periods turn on conduction and turn off The algorithm determines the three time periods by finding the four time points that bound them These are m Turn on start is a level default 90 of the falling edge of the voltage waveform m Turn on stop is a level default 10 of the falling edge of the voltage waveform
36. the common lead above 30 V pue subject to the ratings of such high voltage probe WARNING Do not float the P2220 probe reference lead to 30 TPS2PWRI Power Analysis User Manual 2 21 Harmonics Push the Harmonics button to bring up the Harmonics menu The oscilloscope will display the frequency spectrum of the source waveform and the associated measurement values Harmonic Freq 300H2 h D fi 66 3 mi d 2 22 Pos 0 0005 Harmonics Source CH1 Fund Setup o e Show All Harmonics 10 0ms 20 Jul 04 13 43 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Harmonics The menu offers the following choices and values Menu item Description Source Choose a channel to measure Available choices are CH1 CH2 and on four channel oscilloscopes CH3 or CH4 Use voltage or current waveforms Setup Choose either Automatic default or Manual Show lt value gt Choose the harmonics to display lt value gt is All Harmonics Odd Harmonics or Even Harmonics Save Harmonics Saves the harmonics data to a file on a CompactFlash card The file will be auto named using the HM1234 csv format The file will be stored in the current folder on the CompactFlash card The file will contain the following for each of the 50 harmonics and more Magnitude amplitude Percent of the fundamental harmonic Frequency and Phase angle Doing a save will save the harmonics wavef
37. the oscilloscope refer to the TPS2000 User Manual TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 1 7 Getting Started Checking Module Installation Use the following table to check that an application module is installed If the oscilloscope does not show the application module menu items do the steps in Troubleshooting Module Installation on page 1 9 To check this Push this module front panel button Check for TPS2PWR1 APPLICATION A menu appears on the right side of the screen with the title labelled Power 1 8 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Getting Started Troubleshooting Module Installation If the oscilloscope does not recognize the application module at power up perform these steps Turn off the oscilloscope Follow the ESD precautions shown previously Remove the application module 1 2 3 4 5 6 Examine the application module contacts for damage Reinsert the application module into the oscilloscope Power on the oscilloscope If the oscilloscope still does not show the application menu item you have a problem with the application module or the module slot Contact the nearest Tektronix service center to resolve the problem TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 1 9 Getting Started 1 10 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Reference AA Power Analysis You can use the power analysis menu functions to check out the general power quality in your location such a
38. urpose knob to move the cursor to select a voltage waveform edge percentage level other than the 10 default Turn off End Push this button and use the multipurpose knob to move the cursor to select a current waveform edge percentage level other than the 10 default 2 32 TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual Switching Loss Page 3 of the Switching Loss Menu offers the following choices Menu item Description Acquire Push this button to instruct the oscilloscope to continuously Continuously acquire waveforms calculate measurements and display them Stop After N Push this button and use the multipurpose knob to set the Meas number of measurements In this mode the oscilloscope performs measurements on N different acquisitions and then stops The oscilloscope saves the measurements internally It displays the averages of the measurements on the screen You can save the details of each of the N measurements to by pushing Save Meas on page 1 of the Switching Loss menu Units Choose whether to display the measurement results in watts or joules You might choose watts to determine how much power is being used by the device under test and joules to compare the device to its specification TPS2PWR1 Power Analysis User Manual 2 33 Switching Loss The following switch loss measurements are displayed on the graticule Menu item Turn on Loss Turn off Loss Conduction Loss Total Loss 2 34 Description Di
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