TUNA Version 6.50 Update Note
Contents
1. CARD 4 1 EC VC 0 0 0 0 CARD 4 2 ES VS 2 11 06 0 3 Example Problems 6 25 6 26 Example Problems CARD 4 3 ER VR 0 0 0 0 CARD 5 1 1 LNTP WL 9 0 0 CARD 5 1 2 TS Tay CARD 7 1 NUMRELEASE 0 CARD 7 2 Ni Yi END Example Problems 6 27 GRBUND SURFACE Material Material Material Materlal 0 2 00 M FINITE ELEMENT MESH Buried Gas Pipeline Mesh Scale Figure 6 15 6 28 Example Problems Undeformed Deformed 0 0 10 M IL 1 Mesh Scale 0 10 Cm Displacement Scale DEFORMED SHAPE AFTER APPLICATION GF LIVE LORD Buried Gas Pipeline Figure 6 16 Example Problems 6 29 4 79 5 4 50 4 35 4 21 4 06 3 92 3 78 3 63 3 49 3 54 3 20 3 05 2 91 2 76 2 62 248 COMPRESSION POSITIVE AMax 4 79 OMin 2 148 0 20 M S Mesh Scale Contours of Major Principal Stress AFTER APPLICATION GF LIVE LORD Buried Gas Pipeline Figure 6 17 6 30 Example Problems 1 50 1 38 1 26 1 14 1 03 0 31 0 78 0 67 0 55 0 43 0 51 0 19 0 07 0 05 0 17 0 83 0 41 COMPRESSION POSITIVE AMax 1 50 OMin 0 41 0 0 20 M Ud Mesh Scale Contours of Minor Principal Stress AFTER APPLICATION OF LIVE LORD Buried Gas Pipeline Figure 6 18 Example Problems 6 31 1 96 0 65 0 0 20 M Mesh Scale Contours of ctahedral Shear2. 3 1 Introduction Once you prepared the input file as described in Section 4 running TUNA programs are straightforward since finite element meshes and graphical instruction files are automatically generated Accessing TUNA Programs 1 When you setup a Shortcut to SMAP Icon you simply double click t Windows Updat SMAP Shortcut Otherwise click ka Programs Accessories gt Start button point to Programs CS Documents gt and then click the By Settings MER mom gt SMAP 2 Select TUNA radio button and D Program Mend MES then click OK button Programs C SMAP S2 SMAP T2 C SMAP 2D Cancel SMAP 3D TUNA Plus 3 2 Running Programs 3 Next you need to select Working gege Directory Working Directory Bo ave i EAAGHCAY Doubleclick Desired Directory Files in the Directory should be the existing directory where all the output files are saved It is a good idea to have all your input files for the current project in this Working Directory Click the disk drive double click the directory and then OK button EXAMPLE Note Before clicking OK make sure that files are shown in your working dir TUNA Menu TUNA provides the following Main Menus RUN PLOT SETUP and EXIT TUNA rif xj RUN executes TUNA main Bun Plot Setup Exit processing programs and has the Test Editor following Sub Menus TEXT EDITOR Built in E ditor
3. BUILT IN EDITOR not available PreExecute Execute PRE EXECUTE and EXECUTE Plot Menu ox Ploting Program PLOT executes post processing programs to show graphically the PLTXY Cancel computed results and has the FEMAP following one program PLTDS PLTDS 3D Mesh Plot Skip MPLOT used for PLTXY Running Programs 3 3 TUNA jor xj SETUP is used to set plotting control Bun Plot Setup Exit parameters for PLTDS and PLTXY dram It has the following Sub Menus PLTXY General PLTDS and PLTXY not available EXIT is used to end TUNA 3 2 RUN Menu Once you have prepared the input file according to Section 4 you are ready to execute TUNA main processing program by selecting EXECUTE Menu TUNA CI EG RUN Menu has the following Sub Bun Bit Setup Ext Menu TEXT EDITOR BUILT IN ae EDITOR not available PRE ditor PreE xecute EXECUTE and EXECUTE Execute TEXT EDITOR is used to create or modify the input file using Wordpad BUILT IN EDITOR not available is used to create or modify the input file using the specially designed editor which allows much easier input preparation PRE EXECUTE is used either to check the input file or to generate plotting information files EXECUTE executes TUNA main processing program You are asked to open your input file 3 4 Running Programs 3 3 PLOT Menu Once you finished executing TUNA main processing program you
4. Doubleclick Desired Directory 2 5 GJ TUNA EXAMPLE Note that when you select Working Directory a sub directory Temp is created automatically All intermediate scratch files are saved in this Temp directory TUNA Menu TUNA ol xj TUNA provides the following Main Run Plot Setup Exit Menus RUN PLOT SETUP and EXIT TUNA mii xj RUN executes TUNA main Run Plot Setup processing programs and has the Text Editor following Sub Menus TEXT EDITOR SC BUILT IN EDITOR not available Execute PRE EXECUTE and EXECUTE EE xod PLOT executes post processing c RDS programs to show graphically the PI Cancel computed results and has the FEMAP following one program PLTDS PLTDS 3D Mesh Plot IT Skip MPLOT used for PLTAY Running Programs 3 15 3 5 Manual Procedure to Run TUNA Occasionally you need to execute programs manually to see what is going on each step Executing TUNA Programs Step by Step 1 Select MS DOS mode or Command Prompt 2 Go to Working Directory where you want to save your output files Create temporary sub directory type MD Temp Then change to this sub directory type CD Temp Now the files in the Working Directory can be accessed by prefixing to the file name 3 To run TUNA main processing program type C SMAP CT CTBAT TUNA 4 To plot PLOT 2D output type SMAP CT CTBAT PLTDS 3 16 Running Programs 3 6 Debugging TUNA Main Pr
5. W 16in A 2 396 in I 1 915 in t 0 239 T 2 094 in T 0 718 in E 29 x 10 psi v 0 3 Min Tensile Strength 42 000 psi Min Yield Strength 28 000 psi Figure 6 1 Schematic tunnel section view for example 1 Continued Example Problems 6 11 GROUND SURFACE AER 2 2 Material 1 Material D 10 Ft FINITE ELEMENT MESH 4 Example 1 Mesh Scale Figure 6 2 6 12 Example Problems Undeformed Dsformed 0 2 00 Ft LLL Mesh Scale 0 0 60 In L Dieplacement Scale DEF RMED SHAPE AFTER EXCRVRTION AND LINER INSTALLATION Example 1 Figure 6 3 Example Problems 6 13 ENEEN Compression m Tension 2 00 Ft LI Mesh Scale 0 60 Psi L Stress Scale PRINCIPAL STRESS DISTRIBUTION AFTER EXCRVRTION AND LINER INSTALLATION Example 1 Figure 6 4 6 14 Example Problems 1 Compression c Tension 0 10 Ft L Mesh Scale 0 100 Psi Stress Scale PRINCIPAL STRESS DISTRIBUTION AFTER EXCRVRTION AND LINER INSTALLATION Example 1 Figure 6 5 Example Problems 6 15 COMPRESSION POSITIVE AMax 49 OMin 1 96 Contours of Major Princip l Stress AFTER EXCRVRTION AND LINER INSTALLATION Example 1 Figure 6 6 6 16 Example Problems COMPRESSION POSITIVE AMax el OMin 1
6. Arc is influenced by Color and Line Type Text is to draw text You need to specify Rotation Angle and Text Beginning Position can be specified by either Mouse Pickup or Enter X and Y Text is influenced by Color Font Type and Font Size Line inoue gt r Points By Enter Number of Points Mouse Pickup Total Point C Enter X and Y a r Enter Points PointNo x Nest Back I x Origin By Enter Origin Ha Bek se Enter X and Y Enter Radius and Angle Horizontal Radius Rz Rx N lt OBS Vertical Radius Bn foe 7S ES i Novo Beginning Angle Deg Ob e EEE Ending Angle Deg Qe Text Input x r Beginning Position By Enter Beginning Position Mouse Pickup X C Enter X and Y Enter Rotation Angle Rotation Angle Degree Note Rotation Angle is measured counterclockwise from the positive X axis r Enter Text 3 8 Running Programs Grid is to draw grid lines When you select Grid Input x Screen and Hardcopy the selected plot file is Show Grid On modified to include grid lines Grid is influenced None by Color and Line Type Screen Screen and Hardcopy Draw Style has 7 sub menus Color Mark Type Mark Size Line Style Line Type Font Type and Draw DrewSiyle Node Element Color Font Size Draw Style inf
7. IN Fu zi SQ Concreted section Steel section Reinforcing bar section Figure 4 3 Liner Cross Sections continued 4 20 Description of Input Data LNTP 9 VAI LL tC length of beam LNTP 11 LNTP 20 n Te Th A Cross section area 1 Moment of inertia Concrete section Steel section Figure 4 3 Liner Cross Sections continued Reinforcing bar section Description of Input Data 4 21 ISHAPE 1 ISHAPE 2 HT HT Y x x ISHAPE 3 ISHAPE 4 ur Figure 4 4 X and Y coordinates to specify locations of liner moment release Description of Output Data 5 1 Description of Output Data In general there are 15 graphical outputs as summarized in Table 5 1 Sign conventions and notations used for section forces and strains in the liner are shown in Figure 5 1 5 2 Description of Output Data Plot Type 1 2 3 Table 5 1 Summary of TUNA Output Data Descriptions Finite Element Mesh Tunnel Deformed Shape Principal Stress Distribution in Surrounding Medium Adjacent to the Tunnel Surface Principal Stress Distribution in Surrounding Medium Overall Contours of Major Principal Stress Contours of Minor Principal Stress Contours of Octahedral Shear Stress Bending Moment in the Tunnel Liner Thrust in the Tunnel Liner Inner Extreme Fiber Stress in the Tunnel Liner Outer Extreme Fiber Stress in the Tunnel Liner Inner Extreme Fiber Strain in t
8. 14 0 10 Ft L 1 Mesh Scale Contours of Minor Principal Stress AFTER EXCAVATION AND LINER INSTALLATION Example 1 Figure 6 7 Example Problems 6 17 5 16 35 3 53 2 12 1 90 1 09 0 27 AMax 13 oMin 0 27 r Stres VATIGN AND LINER INSTALLATION Example 1 Con to AFTER Figure 6 8 6 18 Example Problems m Weg Moment c Pos Moment 0 2 00 Ft L cc Mesh Scale 100 Lb F Moment Scale BENDING MOMENT AFTER EXCAVATION AND LINER INSTALLATION Example 1 Figure 6 9 Example Problems 6 19 Wm Conpression e Tension 0 2 00 Ft L 1 Mesh Scale 0 4000 Lb In 1 Force Scale THRUST AFTER EXCRVRTION AND LINER INSTALLATION Example 1 Figure 6 10 6 20 Example Problems Rm Conpression c Tension 0 2 00 Ft L Mesh Scale 0 40000 1 Stress Scale INNER EXTREME FIBER STRESS AFTER EXCRVRTION AND LINER INSTALLATION Example 1 Figure 6 11 Example Problems 6 21 ENEEN Compression m Tension 0 2 00 Ft L 1 Mesh Scale 0 20000 Psi Stress Scale AMax 7914 OMin 6470 GUTER EXTREME FIBER STRESS AFTER EXCRVRTION AND LINER INSTALLATION Example 1 Figure 6 12 6 22 Example Problems ENEEN Contraction maaa Elongation 0 2 00 Ft gt Mesh Scale 0 0 10 Strain Scale 0 044 OMin 0 0008 INNER EXTREME FIBER STRRIN RFTER EXCR
9. 5 gt Wn U Uu 2 l 4 10 Description of Input Data Card Input Data and Definitions Group 6 3 1 LNTP WL LNTP Liner type Select from Figure 4 3 WL Weight per unit length of liner No data skip this Card 5 e H Q 4 Uu Q SS 4 N 9 V V V V V V V V V V V V Uu Addgddddddag t 5 us 2 o 09 a 5 S 8 S m 5 lt Description of Input Data 4 11 Card Input Data and Definitions Group Ji NUMRELEASE NUMRELEASE Number of locations where liner moments are released NUMRELEASE Cards X and Y coordinates where liner moments are released See Figure 4 4 c 42 9 Hu 2 c l 4 12 Description of Input Data Table 4 1 Work Sheet for TUNA Input Data Card Group Input Data TITLE General Information IUNIT NTALT HT E Distributed Load NUMCON Concentrated Load Force 1 Force 2 Live Load Force 3 Force 4 Force 5 Force 6 Force 7 Force 8 Force 9 Force 10 Internal Load Description of Input Data 4 13 Table 4 1 Work Sheet for TUNA Input Data Continued Card Group Input Data NLAYER LAYER 1 LAYER 2 x LAYER 3 a am Property LAYER 5 x LAYER 6 LAYER 7 LAYER 8 LAYER 9 LAYER 10 ISHAPE Tunne
10. DGW HT Tunnel depth DGW Depth of water table from ground surface See Figure 4 2 for minimum depth 4 12 Description of Input Data Table 4 1 Work Sheet for TUNA Input Data Card Group Input Data General Information Live Load Distributed Load mmm NUMCON Concentrated E Load Force 1 Force 2 Force 3 Force 5 Force 6 Force 7 Force 8 Force 9 Force 10 Internal P 4 Load TUNA TUNnel Analysis Program Version 6 0 COMTEC RESEARCH Copyright 2003 by COMTEC RESEARCH All right reserved No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means without a written permission of COMTEC RESEARCH Printed in the United States of America LICENSE AGREEMENT LICENSE COMTEC RESEARCH grants to Licensee a non exclusive non transferable right to use the enclosed Computer Program only on a single computer The use of the Computer Program is limited to the Licensee s own project Licensee may not use the Computer Program to serve other engineering companies or individuals without prior written permission of COMTEC RESEARCH Licensee may not distribute copies ofthe Computer Program or Documentation to others Licensee may not rent lease or network the Computer Program without prior written permission of COMTEC RESEARCH TERM The License is effective as long as the Licensee complies with the terms of this Agreement The License will b
11. Stress AFTER APPLICATION GF LIVE LOAD Buried Gas Pipeline Figure 6 19 6 32 Example Problems Nec Moment m Moment 0 10 M L 1 Mesh Scale 0 20 Kg M T u Moment Scale BENDING M MENT AFTER APPLICATION OF LIVE LOAD Buried Gas Pipeline Figure 6 20 Example Problems 6 33 ENEEN Compression m Tension 0 10 M L 1 Mesh Scale 1000 Kg Cm 1 Force Scale THRUST AFTER APPLICATION GF LIVE LOAD Buried Gas Pipeline Figure 6 21 6 34 Example Problems ENEEH Compression m Tension 0 0 10 M L 1 Mesh Scale 0 4000 Kg Cme Stress Scale INNER EXTREME FIBER STRESS AFTER APPLICATION OF LIVE LOAD Buried Gas Pipeline Figure 6 22 Example Problems 6 35 ENEEN Compression m Tension 0 0 10 M Mesh Scale 3000 Kg Cme Stress Scale OUTER EXTREME FIBER STRESS AFTER APPLICATION OF LIVE LOAD Buried Gas Pipeline Figure 6 23
12. and Definitions Group Card 1 1 1 TITLE TITLE Any title of up to 60 characters 1 2 IUNIT IUNIT Length Force Pressure Unit Weight 1 in Ib Ib in Ib in Kg Kg Cm Kg Cm Unlined Tunnel subjected to Excavation Load Unlined Tunnel subjected to Excavation and Live Load Lined Tunnel subjected to Excavation Load Lined Tunnel subjected to Excavation and Live Load General Information HT HT Tunnel depth See Figure 4 2 for minimum depth 4 4 Description of Input Data Input Data and Definitions Group 2 1 Distributed Surface Load P X P Load intensity in terms of pressure unit X Distance from center line to edge of load 2 2 Concentrated Surface Load NUMCON Surface Load NUMCON Cards L 3 skip this card NUMCON Number of concentrated loads By symmetry consider only right half of loads Force F at the distance X from the center line 2 3 Live Loads If NTATL 1 or NTALT Internal Pressure Load P Internal hydrostatic pressure acting the liner 75 m c gt c Ki Description of Input Data 4 5 Card Input Data and Definitions Group Total number of layers maximum 10 GAMA RKO RKO Layer thickness Unit weight Coefficient of earth pressure at rest Young s modulus Poisson s ratio See Figure 4 1 o 5 gt 5 X e o o Uu 4 6 Description of Input Data Car
13. seven different card groups The first card group includes general informations job title TITLE selection of unit IUNIT tunnel analysis type NTALT and tunnel depth HT The second card group specifies live loads Live loads as schematically shown in Figure 4 1 include concentrated distributed surface loads and internal pressure load acting on the liner The third card group specifies soil rock material property for each layer Soil rock Layers are schematically shown in Figure 4 1 The fourth card group specifies tunnel dimensions Currently there are four tunnel shapes available circular rectangular vertical walls with arch roof and general horseshoe shapes Tunnel shapes and dimensional limits are shown in Figure 4 2 The fifth card group specifies liner elastic material properties for the concrete steel plate and reinforcing bars The sixth card group contains liner cross section data For the non circular tunnel shapes tunnels are composed of three segments top side and bottom as marked in Figure 4 2 A different liner type LNTP can be 4 2 Description of Input Data applied to each segment of liner Figure 4 3 shows the liner cross sections The last card group specifies locations where moments are released along the tunnel liner Table 4 1 is the work sheet designed for easy preparation of input data You can save this original work sheet and copy it as you need Description of Input Data 4 3 Input Data
14. PE 3 ISHAPE 4 Example Problems 6 5 Table 6 2 Work Sheet for Example 1 Continued Card Group Input Data Concrete Liner Material Steel Property Plate Top Segment Circular Tunnel Side Segment Bottom Segment Liner Section Data 6 6 Example Problems Table 6 2 Work Sheet for Example 1 Continued Card Group Input Data NUMRELEASE 0 X Moment Location 1 Release Locations Location 3 Location 5 Example Problems 6 7 Table 6 3 Listing of Input File for Example 1 CARD 1 1 TITLE Example 1 CARD 1 2 IUNIT 1 CARD 1 3 NTALT 3 CARD 1 4 AT 360 CARD 2 1 PS Xs CARD 2 2 NUMCON Fi Xi CARD 2 3 Pi CARD 2 1 NLAYER 2 CARD 2 2 PH GAMA RKO E V 360 0 0723 0 6667 5000 0 4 600 0 0752 0 4286 10000 0 3 CARD 3 1 ISHAPE 1 CARD 3 2 D 120 CARD 4 1 EC VC 0 0 0 0 CARD 4 2 ES VS 29 E 06 0 3 CARD 4 3 ER VR 0 0 0 0 CARD 5 1 1 LNTP WL 20 0 0 6 8 Example Problems CARD 5 1 2 Tb TE W A T 2 094 0 718 16 2 396 1 915 CARD 7 1 NUMRELEASE 0 CARD 7 2 Xi Yi END Example Problems 6 9 Clay Y 125 pcf 0 6667 5 000 psi C B 10 ft Sand Y 130pcf Ko 0 4286 E 10 000 psi a v 03 Figure 6 1 Schematic tunnel section view for example 1 6 10 Example Problems Liner Cross Section Property 16 width four flange steel plate
15. TUNA Version 6 50 Update Note November 5 2005 TUNA Version 6 50 Update Note November 5 2005 SMAP S2 TUNA can consider hydrostatic ground water pressures below water table Refer to updated manual and example problem TUNA User s Manual Page 4 3 Example EX1 1 DAT in C SMAP TUNA EXAMPLE EXI EXI1 1 SMAP automatically creates a sub directory Temp under current working directory All intermediate scratch files are saved in this sub directory Consequently to run SMAP programs manually you need to move to this Temp directory Refer to updated manual TUNA User s Manual Pages 3 2 and 3 15 SMAP provides debug information during execution of main processing program solver This information is useful for tracing run time errors extracting convergence status and checking elapsed time Refer to updated manual TUNA User s Manual Page 3 16 TINA User s Manual Update Version 6 50 November 5 2005 3 2 Running Programs 3 Next you need to select Working Working Directory D x Select Working Directory to Save Dutput Files Files in the Directory Directory Working Directory should be the existing directory where all the output files are saved It is a good idea to have all your input files for the current project in this Working Directory Click the disk drive double click Note Before clicking OK make sure that files are shown in your working dir the directory and then OK button 5 c EAAGHCAY 7
16. VRTION RND LINER INSTRLLRTION Example 1 Figure 6 13 Example Problems 6 23 m Contraction wem Elongation 0 2 00 Ft L 1 Mesh Scale 0 0 060 Strain Scale GUTER EXTREME FIBER STRAIN AFTER EXCRVRTION AND LINER INSTALLATION Example 1 Figure 6 14 6 24 Example Problems 6 2 Example 2 Example 2 represents steel gas pipeline subjected to concentrated and distributed loads applied on the ground surface as well as the uniformly distributed internal gas pressure acting on the pipe wall Table 6 4 shows the listing of input file EX2 DAT Figure 6 15 shows finite element meshes along with soil layers Results Partial graphical outputs are shown in Figures 6 16 to 6 23 Key results are summarized below Max Liner hoop stress of 1 276 kg Cm takes place at the inner face of tunnel crown as shown in Figure 6 22 Assuming that the yield stress of steel liner is 2 530 kg Cm the safety factor is close to 2 Table 6 4 Listing of input file for Example 2 CARD 1 TITLE Buried Gas Pipeline For Example 2 CARD 1 2 IUNIT 2 CARD De NTALT 4 CARD 1 4 HT 688 CARD 2 1 PS Xs 10 5 0 CARD 2 2 NUMCON 2 Fi Xi 250 500 CARD 2 Pi 10 CARD 2 1 NLAYER 4 CARD 2 2 RKO E 500 0 002 4 230 120 0 002 230 116 0 0022 33 250 0 1 C No 25 DER oooo lt 300 0023 31 300 CARD 3 ISHAPE L CARD 3 2 TD 76 2
17. available General PLTDS PLTXY 3 4 1 General Setup 7 General Selm o General Setup has six different items Program r Program Version Demo Version Version Program Module Program Module Standard Debugging Standard Optimized Screen Display Hardcopy Standard Nonoptimized Extra Large Optimized Output Layout Unit and Screen Display FEMAP Directory 540 480 1024 768 800 x 600 1280 1024 Hardcopy Output Program Version has tw C Black White Windows Printer Auto CAD File ogra id 2 Color Windows Printer Postscript Printer File options Demo and Full Layout Unit for PLTDS and Version Demo Version Centimeter Inch FEMAP Directory Required if you are using FEMAP does not require SMAP Type in full path of FEMAP directory where FEMAP EXE is existing key but it has the C FEMAP 1 FEMAP following maximum OK Cancel limits Number of Nodes 300 Number of Continuum Elements 100 Number of Beam Elements 50 Number of Truss Elements 50 Running Programs 3 13 Full Version requires SMAP Key attached on the parallel port of your computer Program Module contains four options Standard Debugging uses TUNA main processing program having debugging This program module runs slow but gives more detailed information when run time errors occur Standard Nonoptimized is the sam
18. ayers as shown in Figure 6 1 An assembly of 16 width four flange steel plates is used as tunnel liner Material properties of the liner and the surrounding media are listed in Figure 6 1 The tunnel is subjected to excavation load It should be noted that in this analysis the connections between the liner segments are assumed to carry the full moments You can also analyze this example problem by assuming that connections are moment released using the Card group 7 As an illustration for input preparation a work sheet is provided in Table 6 2 the actual input file is listed in Table 6 3 Results Figures 6 2 to 6 14 show the graphical outputs from TUNA Key results are summarized below Max Tunnel Diameter Change 0 2 0 17 of tunnel diameter Max Liner Compressive Stress 14 000 psi 50 of yield strength Example Problems 6 3 Table 6 2 Work Sheet for Example 1 Card Group Input Data TITLE Example 1 General IUNIT Information NTALT HT Distributed Load Internal Load NUMCON Concentrated Load Force 1 Force 2 Live Load Force 3 Force 4 Force 5 Force 6 Force 7 Force 8 Force 9 Force 10 6 4 Example Problems Table 6 2 Work Sheet for Example 1 Continued Card Group Input Data NLAYER LAYER 1 LAYER 2 LAYER 3 moteur am Property LAYER 5 x LAYER 6 LAYER 7 LAYER 8 LAYER 9 LAYER 10 ISHAPE Tunnel ISHAPE 1 Dimension ISHAPE 2 x ISHA
19. ces Line Arc Galant and Grid Solid Line C Long Dashes C Short Dashes CUR Font Type includes IBM Character SIMPLEX _Font gt x and DUPLEX to draw Text Select Character SIMPLEX C DUPLEX 3 10 Running Programs Font Size includes 3 options Small 0 08 inch x Medium 0 10 inch and Large 0 12 inch to Select draw Text Smal 0 08 inch Medium 0 10 inch C Large 0 12 inch Cancel Node is used to find the node number You can find the node number which is close to the position where you press down the left mouse button Node number close to the mouse position will be listed on Message List and Keyboard Input Window Element is used to find the element number You can find the element number which is close to the position where you press down the left mouse button Element number close to the mouse position will be listed on Message List and Keyboard Input Window Child Window has three sub menus Element ChidWindow Window Child Window Create Child Window Overlay Child Window Create 5 2 Child Window Overlay and Child Window Close Child Window Close Child Window Create New child window will be created A maximum of 40 child windows can be opened Child Window Overlay New child window will be overlaid on the current child window Child Window Close Currently focused child window will be closed Running PLTDS 1 Select PLTDS and click OK butt
20. click SETUP 02 button EN SMAP CD ioj x File Edt View Favorites Tools Back gt Search u Folders isen 05 0 X wie Address 71 sMar cD ai C3 mu m ud B 8 My Music CT 9 KEYDISK 5 2 24 My Pictures C New Folder My Computer 189 3 Floppy EAAGHCAY E 021116 0053 D SEE 84 Control Panel g My Network Places Recycle Bin 12 object s Disk free space O bytes SMAP3D SMAPS2 SMAPT2 TUNA C Gr 9 TUNAPLUS ctmenuw setup Selup Lst 24 My Computer 7 x Welcorne to the SMAP installation program Setup cannot install systern files or update shared files if they are in use Before proceeding we recommend that you close any applications you may be running 1 Exit Setup Begin the installation by clicking the button below E VG Click this button to install SMAP software to the specified I destination directory Directory Program Files Smap Change Directory Exit Setup Selecting SMAP Programs Select SETUP NO SETUP 02 SMAP S2 SMAP 2D SMAP 3D TUNA TUNA plus SETUP 03 SMAP S2 SMAP 2D TUNA TUNA plus SETUP 06 SETUP 07 SETUP 11 TUNA TUNA plus SMAP S2 SETUP 13 SETUP 14 SETUP 15 SMAP 2D SMAP 3D SMAP T2 Note When you click the SETUP button the appro
21. d Input Data and Definitions Group 4 c o Uu c D 5 F 4 1 ISHAPE ISHAPE 1 gt 2 gt 3 gt 4 gt See Figure 4 2 D B H B Hi H2 Bi B2 Hi H2 H3 Description of Input Data 4 7 Card Group 5 6 and 7 are required for lined tunnels NTALT 3 or 4 Card Input Data and Definitions Group 5 1 Concrete Property Ec Young s modulus of concrete Poisson s ratio of concrete Steel Plate Property Es Young s modulus of steel plate Poisson s ratio of steel plate Reinforcing Bar Property Eu Vr o Y Young s modulus of reinforcing bar Poisson s ratio of reinforcing bar 4 8 Description of Input Data Input Data and Definitions Liner type Select from Figure 4 3 Weight per unit length of liner No data skip this Card W W Bas W 44 Gel e Qu E D D m n x a c o 172 O 14945993 V V V V V V V V V V V V Hu Top Segment or Circular Tunnel ISHAPE 1 a 4 Description of Input Data 4 9 Card Input Data and Definitions Group 6 2 1 LNTP WL LNTP Liner type Select from Figure 4 3 WL Weight per unit length of liner No data skip this Card W Asi Wi SE 4 o e A A ot Uu Wi Side Segment 445 V V V V V V V V V V V V Q 5
22. e as Standard Debugging except it does not include debugging information Standard Optimized runs fast but it does not include debugging information For most cases Standard Optimized is recommended Extra Large Optimized is designed to run large problems Screen Display has four options 640x480 800x600 1024x768 and 1280x1024 Hardcopy Output is used for post processing program PLTDS and PLTXY You can select Black White Windows Printer Color Windows Printer DXF Auto CAD File or Postscript Printer File as hardcopy output Layout Unit is used for PLTDS and PLTXY You can select either Centimeter or Inch in specifying plot scales and dimensions FEMAP Directory is required if you are using FEMAP You need to type in full path of FEMAP directory where FEMAP EXE is existing 3 14 Running Programs 3 4 2 PLTDS Setup 9 Drawing Size Width of Legend Box 1 20 Inch Range 1 2 2 3 vm Horizontal Length 9 50 Inch Vertical Length 7 5d Inch r Margins Left 08 Inch Top 05 Inch Line Thickness Standard C Doubled C Tripled r Numeric Character Size Standard Small C Large Scale Maximum Displacement Lenath 0 4 Inch Maximum Principal Stress Length 05 Inch Maximum Beam Section Force Length o4 Inch Maximum Truss Force Stress Length 02 Inch OK Cancel PLTDS Setup is mainly used to specify scales and dimensions of post processing program PLTDS and mesh plotting p
23. e terminated if the Licensee fails to comply with any term or condition of the Agreement Upon such termination the Licensee must return all copies of the Computer Program Software Security Activator and Documentation to COMTEC RESEARCH within seven days COPYRIGHT The Licensed Computer Program and its Documentation are copyrighted Licensee agrees to include the appropriate copyright notice on all copies and partial copies USER SUPPORT COMTEC RESEARCH will provide the Software Support for the Registered Users for a period of 90 days from the date of purchase User support is limited to the investigation of problems associated with the correct operation of the Licensed Computer Program The Licensee must return the Registration Card in order to register the Licensed Computer Program DISCLAIMER COMTEC RESEARCH has spent considerable time and efforts in checking the enclosed Computer Program However no warranty is made with respect to the accuracy or reliability of the Computer Program Inno event will COMTEC RESEARCH be liable for incidental or consequential damages arising from the use of the Computer Program UPDATE POLICY Update programs will be available to the Registered Licensee for a nominal fee The Licensee must return all the Original Distribution Diskettes and Software Security Activator to receive the update programs GENERAL The Commonwealth of Virginia Law and the U S Copyright Law will govern the validity of the Agreem
24. ent This Agreement may be modified only by a written consent between the parties COMTEC RESEARCH 6416 Stonehaven court Clifton VA 20124 U S A Contents 1 Contents 1 Introduction o ls 04 04 ee 1 1 l l OVERVIEWS u set dena a ne 1 1 1 2 Features ask a we red 1 1 1 3 ASSuUmptions 2255555 oS a x SEN E a Se 1 2 2 Installing TUNA 2 1 Minimum Hardware Requirements 2 1 2 2 Installation Procedure 2 1 3 Running Programs 3 1 Introduction bade na nn a mx mm 3 1 2 2 RUN MW x lt agora aa Eser barns 3 3 3 3 PLOT Mem wa cae s dee gr EN 3 4 3 3 1 6 2 2425 Da ra 3 4 3 4 SETUP MENU a iris RO na wen 3 12 3 4 1 General Setup noga kn 3 12 3 4 2 PLIDS Setup v ngeru ume Sete ann 3 14 3 5 Manual Procedure to Run TUNA 3 15 Description of Input Data 4 1 5 Description of Output Data 5 1 Example Problems 6 1 6 1 Example 1 hoe 6 2 6 2 Example 2 au eese ua wa Sara 6 24 Introduction 1 1 Introduction 1 1 Overview TUNA is a fully automated computer program developed for TUNnel Analysis TUNA employs a static two dimensional linear elastic finite element method Pre and post processors of TUNA are built in so that only the physical geome
25. er excavation and must resist full displacement of tunnel Surface loads are the externally applied concentrated or distributed loads on the ground surface such as traffic loads on the highway Internal pressure loads are the hydrostatic pressures acting on the tunnel liner such as gas or water pressures Liners and the surrounding medium are planar symmetry about the vertical axis passing through the tunnel center line Soil rock layers are horizontal i e perpendicular to the gravitational direction Installing TUNA 2 1 Installing TUNA 2 1 Minimum Hardware Requirement V Pentium with 128 Mb RAM and 580 Kb free memory Windows 95 98 me 2000 XP system SVGA monitor 2 2 Installation Procedure 1 Uninstall if there are pre existing SMAP programs To uninstall SMAP programs remove following two programs using Add Remove in Control Panel SMAP Sentinel System Drives And then rename or delete following folders if they are existing C Program Files Smap C SMAP 2 2 Installing TUNA 2 Insert SMAP distribution CD go to SMAP CD directory and double click Setup 3 Click OK button to continue installation 4 Click Computer Logo button to continue installation 5 Selecting SMAP Programs window will be shown Click the button showing the appropriate Setup Number The last two digits in the SMAP key serial number represent the Setup Number For example if the key serial number is 0148 600 02
26. he Tunnel Liner Outer Extreme Fiber Strain in the Tunnel Liner Inner Reinforcing Bar Stress in the Tunnel Liner Outer Reinforcing Bar Stress in the Tunnel Liner Description of Output Data 5 3 Shear Positive Thrust Compression gt Bending Moment Positive A 4 Sei Inner Extreme Fiber Strain Sg Outer Extreme Fiber Strain Sri Inner Reinforcing Bar Strain Outer Reinforcing Bar Strain Figure 5 1 Sign conventions and notations used for section forces and strains in the liner Example Problems 6 1 Example Problems This section is to illustrate how TUNA can be applied for the analysis of tunnel problems Main features of example problems are summarized in Table 6 1 First example problem is for the analysis of segmented liner due to the excavation associated with shield tunneling Second example problem is for the analysis of steel pipe subjected to both surface loads and internal gas pressure For each example problem brief problem descriptions listing of input files and graphical outputs are presented Table 6 1 List of example problems Problem Run Time min Description Number PIII 850 MHZ EX1 DAT Segmented shield tunnel liner subjected to excavation load EX2 DAT Steel pipeline subjected to surface loads and internal gas pressure 6 2 Example Problems 6 1 Example 1 A 10 feet diameter circular tunnel is buried along the interface between the clay and sand l
27. ick Draw Item _ Permanent Default Temporary Element Fill v Fil Default None Element Outline v White Default Black None Element Type v All Default Beam Truss Only None Beam Truss Line v _ Single Default _ Double _ Triple Beam Truss End v _ Circle Default None Contour Option Mark and Grid Line can be applied to all types of plots Draw Item is for drawing in Draw menu to be either permanent or temporary Element Fill Element Outline Element Type Beam Truss Line and Beam Truss End influence only the appearance of finite element mesh plot Contour Option Select Default as in Input File Contour Option is provided to switch from line contour to color filled contour or viceversa Line Contour 10 Number of Contour Level IT values at Ref Grid Point E Cancel Color Filled Contour 3 6 Running Programs Plot has the following five menus Replot Repiot the currently focused child Sr window Replot Zoom Zoom the currently focused child Zoom Hardcopy window It zooms only mesh Once Nest St this sub menu is selected you can Ca specify the rectangular zoom area by left mouse button down at the left top corner and then left mouse button up at the right bottom corner Hardcopy Print the currently focused child window Next Plot the next graph Stop Stop plotting Numeric Character has 3 s
28. izard InstallShield Wizard Completed The InstallShield Wizard has successfully installed Sentinel System Driver Click Finish to exit the wizard Cancel 2 4 Installing TUNA 10 11 12 13 14 15 Choose Program Group and EE Setup will add it to thi hi in the Pi click Continue Graun box You cen enter anew group name or select one from the Existing Groups list Program Group Existing Groups Corel WordPerfect Suite Corel WP Suite Accessories HP LaserJet 1100 Internet Explorer Microsoft Sal Microsoft Visual Studio 6 0 Rainbow Tech CDROM Rainbow Tech SuperPro Shuttle Click OK button to finish installation If you have 3 5 inch SMAP key setup disk insert the disk and run INSTALL EXE If you do not have 3 5 inch setup disk go to SMAP CD gt KEY DISK gt SMAP 0XXX directory and run INSTALL Where XXX represents the Serial Number which is the first three digits in SMAP key For Demo Version you do not need key setup Turn off the system Attach SMAP key to the parallel port LPT1 Turn on the system If you have FEMAP program modify the file FemapDir dat in C SMAP CT CTDATA directory so that it contains correct path For Windows 2000 XP operating systems set the maximum size of virtual memory to 4000 MB thru Control Panel gt System gt Advanced gt Performance Option gt Change Running Programs 3 1 Running Programs
29. l ISHAPE 1 Dimension ISHAPE 2 x ISHAPE 3 ISHAPE 4 4 14 Description of Input Data Table 4 1 Work Sheet for TUNA Input Data Continued Card Group Input Data V Concrete d Liner Steel E Material Plate Property Reinf E Bar LNTP WL Top Segment Circular Tunnel 5 5 LNTP WL c Side Segment 2 LNTP WL Bottom 22 Segment Description of Input Data 4 15 Table 4 1 Work Sheet for TUNA Input Data Continued Card Group Input Data NUMRELEASE X Moment Location 1 Locations Location 3 Location 5 4 16 Description of Input Data HNLAYER Figure 4 1 Schematic Tunnel Section in the Layered Medium Description of Input Data 4 17 ISHAPE 1 ISHAPE 2 ISHAPE 3 ISHAPE 4 HT HT gt 0 7D HT gt 0 1B HT gt 0 7B HT gt 0 7 B1 H gt 0 2B 1 lt 0 5B Hi lt 0 5 Bl H 5B H2 gt 0 28 H2 gt 0 5 B1 B2 H3 lt 5B H2 gt 0 1 B1 H3 lt 0 5 B2 B2 gt 0 1 B1 B2 lt B1 H1 H2 H3 gt 0 2 B1 H1 H2 H3 lt 5 Bi Figure 4 2 Tunnel Shapes and Dimensional Limits 4 18 Description of Input Data LNTP 2 Te T LNTP 4 unit length T Te Concreted section A Steel section 2 Reinforcing bar section LNTP Liner type Figure 4 3 Liner Cross Sections Description of Input Data 4 19 LNTP 6 LNTP 7 unit length Te BEN LNTP 8 LNTP 10 unit length SS
30. luences drawing items in Mark Type Draw menu Mark Size Line Style Line Type Eont Type Font Size Color ___ Color shows color palette having 16 Select CG different colors Select the current BN Black C Gry Licht Blue color to be used Color influences all Geen BEC icine the drawing items in the Draw menu cos JES Light yan BN C red Lighted C Magenta WE C Light Magenta Brown raw C Bright White Mark Type Mark Type shows 10 different mark types Select Mark Type influences point and Line drawing m NO Running Programs 3 9 Mark Size includes options Small 0 06 inch EN xi Medium 0 08 inch and Large 0 10 inch Mark Select Size influences Point and Line drawing Smal 0 06 inch C Medium 0 08 inch C Large 0 10 inch Line Style is used to select Mark ES x Line Arrowheaded Line or Mark and Select Select Line to plot line The other selection 6 Plot Mark 6 Open End N C Plot Line Closed Loop is applicable for the case when the Pre total number of points is greater Plot Mark and Line than 2 When you select Closed LX Loop the first and the last points can be connected to make a polygon It influences only Line Line Type includes Solid Line Long Dashes nd ETEITZENE zl Short Dashes as selection It influen
31. need to run post processing programs to show graphically the numerical results TUNA iol x Plot Menu is mainly used to execute Bun Exit post processing programs PLTDS and PLTXY To access PLOT Menu click Plot Plot Options Plot Menu contains PLTDS 1 Plot Menu oxi Plotting Program FLIDS PLTXY Ges FEMAP PLTDS 3D Mesh Plot IT Skip MPLOT used for PLTXY J 3 3 1 PLTDS PLTDS is used to plot the following output Finite element mesh e Principal stress distribution Deformed shape e Lining section force extreme fiber stress e Rock bolt axial stress e Contours of principal stresses and octahedral shear stress PLTDS has 12 menus File Edit View Plot Numeric Character Draw Draw Style Node Element Child Window Window and Help File Edit View Plot Numeric Character Draw Draw Style Node Element Child window Window Help Running Programs 3 5 For description of File Edit and Window menus refer to the contents in Help menu View Plot Numeric Character View is provided to show different appearance Coordinate and Tick Mark of finite element meshes and draw items s Show Currently there are 8 different check items and Hide Default Grid Line 1 contour option Click different options if you Show want other than default Check mark will be id dene moved to the clicked item Default options are used as initial check Coordinate and T
32. ocessing Program Debug information would be helpful in the following cases Having run time errors e Extracting convergence e Checking elapsed time In order to get debug information you need to modify the file DEBUG DAT in the directory C SMAP CT CTDATA 0 2 1 IDEBUG NCLDEB IOUTDEB ICONVE DH Note This DEBUG DAT file allows listing of status with elapsed time information while running main process of SMAP prograns This is the very useful features to see where it spends most time and where it stops IDEBUG Do not print debug information Print debug information NCLDEB Ending cycle number No printing debug information after NCLDEB IOUTDEB 0 Debug information on screen Debug information on file ce smap ct ctdata DEBUG OUT ICONVER 0 Do not print convergence information 1 3 Print the ratio of displacement increment to current displacement DU U Description of Input Data 4 3 bou Input Data and Definitions oup 1 1 TITLE TITLE Any title of up to 60 characters 1 2 IUNIT IUNIT Length Force Pressure Unit Weight 1 i Ib Ib in Ib ir Cm Kg Kg Cm Kg Cm 123 NTALT NTALT 1 Unlined Tunnel subjected to Excavation Load Unlined Tunnel subjected to Excavation and Live Load Lined Tunnel subjected to Excavation Load Lined Tunnel subjected to Excavation and Live Load S fo E S 75 c o HT
33. on 2 Alist of plot items is shown in the Select From Unplotted List window Double click any one item in the list 3 The selected plot item will be shown on the screen Running Programs 3 11 Z Piot Menu lolx Plotting Program PLT PETDS 3D Mesh Plot IT Skip MPLOT used for PLTXY PLTDS Plotting List lolx Select From Unplotted List I FINITE ELEMENT MESH 2 FINITE ELEM 3 DEFORMED Shape ETER EXCAVATION AND LINER INSTALLATION 4 PRINCIPAL STRESS DISTRIBUTI CAVATION AND LINER INSTALLATION 5 PRINCIPAL STRESS SS AFTER EXCAVATION AND LINER INSTALLATION Contours of Major Principal Stress CAVATION AND LINER INSTALLATION 7 Contours of Minor Principal Sen PER E CAVA TION AND LINER INSTALA ON 8 Contours of Octahedral Shear Stress AFTER EXCAVATION AND LINER INSTALLATION 9 BENDING MOMENT AFTER EXCAVATION AND LINER INSTALLATION z Select From Plotted List 0 OK Cancel COMPRESSION POSITIVE 49 OMin 1 08 0 10 Ft Mesh Scale Contours of r Princi AFTER ND LINER Retsch Example 1 3 12 Running Programs 3 4 SETUP Menu You need to run SETUP menu To specify TUNA main processing program module To adjust scales of graphical outputs from PLTDS To specify FEMAP directory not applicable for TUNA SETUP menu has three sub menus General PLTDS Setup Eat and PLTXY not
34. priate programs are copied to the program directory selected at Step 5 Exit Setup Sentinel System Drivers Install Shield Wizard window will be shown This System Driver is required for the SMAP Key to work properly Click the Next button Select Complete and click Next button Click Install button Click Finish button Do not reboot the system when the Sentinel Driver installation is finished Installing TUNA 2 3 i Sentinel System Driver InstallShield Wizard Welcome to the InstallShield Wizard for Sentinel System Driver The InstallShield R Wizard will install Sentinel System Driver on your computer To continue click Next ig Sentinel System Driver InstallShield Wizard Setup Type Choose the setup type that best suits your needs Please select a setup type 6 Complete n All program features will be installed Requires the most disk space C Custom Choose which program features you want installed and where the will be installed Recommended for advanced users lt Back Next gt Cancel Installshield fig Sentinel System Driver InstallShield Wizard Ready to Install the Program The wizard is ready to begin installation Click Install to begin the installation IF you want to review or change any of your installation settings click Back Click Cancel to exit the wizard Installshield Sentinel System Driver InstallShield W
35. rogram PLTDS 3D not available for TUNA It has five different items Drawing Size Margins Line Thickness Numeric Character Size and Scale Drawing Size controls the size of output Once you specify Legend Box Width Horizontal and Vertical Length you can click View button to see the scaled layout Margins is used to shift the drawing area Left margin is the distance from the left edge of printer page to the left frame line Top margin is the distance from the top edge of printer page to the top frame line Line Thickness specifies the thickness of contour lines It has three options Standard Doubled and Tripled Numeric Character Size specifies the size of numeric characters such as node and element numbers It has 3 options Standard Small and Large Scale specifies Maximum Displacement Length Maximum Principal Stress Length Maximum Beam Section Force Length and Maximum Truss Force Stress Length Running Programs 3 15 3 5 Manual Procedure to Run TUNA Occasionally you need to execute programs manually to see what is going on each step Executing TUNA Programs Step by Step 1 Select MS DOS mode or Command Prompt 2 Go to Working Directory where you want to save your output files 3 To run TUNA main processing program type C SMAP CT CTBAT TUNA 4 To plot PLTDS output type C SMAP CT CTBAT PLTDS Description of Input Data 4 1 Description of Input Data The input data is classified into
36. tries and material properties associated with a proposed tunnel are required as input and graphical outputs can be obtained directly through printers 1 2 Features Features of TUNA include Liner Medium Interaction English and Metric Units Shallow and Deep Buried Tunnels Multi Layered Geological Medium Circular Rectangular and Horseshoe Shape Tunnels Plain Concrete Steel Plate Reinforced Concrete and Composite integral Liners Moment Release Option for the Connections between Segmented Liners Excavation and Live Loads including Internal Pressure 1 2 Introduction Lined and Unlined Tunnels Graphical Outputs Tunnel Deformed Shape Principal Stresses in the Medium Octahedral Shear Stress in the Medium Bending Moment and Thrust in the Liner Stresses in the Reinforcing Bars Stresses and Strains in the Extreme Fiber of the Liner 1 3 Assumptions TUNA assumes Liners and the surrounding medium are linear elastic Liners are modeled by conventional beam Plane strain condition in the longitudinal tunnel direction No slippage along the interface between the liner and the surrounding medium Excavation load is defined as tunnel deformations due to the excavation of tunnel Excavation of tunnel and installation of liner occur instantaneously and simultaneously so that there is no displacement in the surrounding medium prior to the excavation So the liner interacts with the surrounding medium immediately aft
37. ub menus Default size 30 Increase and 50 Increase O O Plot Numeric Character Draw Default Size Default Size Use numeric character size 30 Increase set in PLTDS Setup window 50 Increase 30 Increase Increase the current size by 30 50 Increase Increase the current size by 50 Draw has 5 sub menus Point Line Arc Text and Grid You can add these drawing items on the current plot Drawing is influenced by sub menu Draw Style Point is to draw point When you select Mouse Pickup and click OK the point will be marked at the position where the left mouse button Point Input gt i PointBy p Enter Point is down As you move the mouse d Mouse Pickup x the current mouse location is PEL NS S shown on the status bar at the bottom of PLTDS window When you select Enter X and Y the point will be marked at the position where you specified on the Point Input window 3 7 Running Programs Point is influenced by Color Mark Type and Mark Size in the Draw style menu Line is to draw straight lines As for point the coordinates of line can be specified by either Mouse Pickup or Enter X and Y Line is influenced by Color Mark Type Mark Size Line Style and Line Type Arc is to draw elliptical arc You need to specify Horizontal Radius Vertical Radius Beginning and Ending Angles The origin of Arc can be specified by either Mouse Pickup or Enter X and Y
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