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1. The top of the cylinder must lie within the specified runout tolerance zone 0 001 full indicator movement when the part is rotated 360 about the datum axis anywhere along the top of the cylinder 75 34 11 True Position A positional tolerance defines a zone in which the centre axis or Qo centre plane is permitted to vary from true theoretically exact t position Basic dimensions establish the true position from datum features and between interrelated features A positional tolerance is the total permissible variation in location of a feature about it s exact location For cylindrical features such as holes and outside diameters the positional tolerance is generally the diameter of the tolerance zone in which the axis of the feature must lie For features that are not round such as slots and tabs the positional tolerance is the total width of the tolerance zone in which the centre plane of the feature must lie To display the True Position of a point or circle left click twice on that point or circle then right click this produces a drop down menu select the Cartesian Polar Position option and the outline of a leader line will appear Move the cursor to a convenient position on the screen where you would like to site the dimension and left click for a third time The geometric tolerance will now appear on the screen
2. Aberlink 3D Software File Edit Measurement Custom Utilities Stylus N ote th at th e 2 D SL D i amp b 4 r4 Dl e dxf e Co ordinate display to zero a read out click on the panel this has no effect on measurements or referances a n d 3 D a g n e d JO dimensions will appear identically in the two dimensional views although having different values Care should therefore a E a be taken when A X 448 030 dimensioning al etween s Y 045 993 eatures t at are 2 not in the same gt Z 067 341 plane 23 3 Horizontal and Vertical Dimensions A horizontal or vertical dimension can be described either between two points in space or between a line or plane and a point in which case the dimension will be attached to the mid point of the line or plane Instead of being aligned between the features these measurements will be perpendicular to the 50 alignment of the component which is defined by setting references If no reference has been set then the axes of the machine will be used ement Custom Dies S m MS EUN Note If the n 71 a amp m e we sg det mo hango Aur heia of dimension type and direction ie horizontal vertical angular etc Can only al ig n ment of the component has not been defined and the horizontal and vertical dimensions are perpendicular to the axes of the machine these
3. E X 448 022 Y 046 071 Z 067 341 49 These leader lines can be positioned at any length on either side of the features by moving the cursor on the screen When they are at a convenient position click for a third time The aligned dimension will now appear Note that as the two circles being dimensioned are in different planes the aligned dimension is three dimensional This is best shown by bringing up the same dimension in the other two views 23 2 2D Dimensions The method of constraining dimensions so that they are viewed only in two dimensions For instance perhaps you are interested only in the X Y separation of the two holes dimensioned above The method is Select the two circle features before placing the dimension on the screen RETAN Right Click with the e Mouse this will File Edit Measurement Custom Utilities Stylus Help Am io c uaar ayp ke dxt a c cy sec qo vie SS M 3 reveal Dimension Type drop down menu z Scroll down the t3 menu and select TAT 2D Alianment A d g a SI i pm Then left click to c X 0 000mm tented Torere place the CEC dimension on the Y 09 000mm screen Z 0 000mm X47670 Y 27 387 Z 53 110 Controler Status OK Aberlink 3d OKK AO B 0 5 1 C 1 R 1 Machine State ss Start taj basic training2 doc ca CNC Software Manua du mim T Vd ee Ges 2
4. X 258 982 Y 389 185 Z 002 758 AK ALB ER 24 2 2D Angles It is possible to split angles into the two dimensional components of the view in which it is called up For instance perhaps you are interested only in the X Y component of the angle between the two planes dimensioned above Once again repeat as described above but this time select a 2D angle dimension EE Utilities Stylus Ag a n n ote th at n zx a amp 1 gt 4 E D drf amp enc ea ef ee to zero a read out click on the panel this has no effect on measurements th e 2 D a n d 3 D angle dimensions will appear identically in the two dimensional views although having different values Care should therefore ewes m 1 be taken when X 258 980 dimensioning o between features T Y 389 179 that are not in the De same plane Z 002 759 52 25 0 Dimensioning Circles The diameter of a circle sphere or a cylinder may be brought up on the screen as follows Select the circle sphere or cylinder as previously described If correctly selected the feature will turn pink Note You cannot select a cylinder by clicking on the grey lines that indicate its depth easurement Custom Utilities St I Stylus K PUES guy Co ordinate display to zero a read out click on the panel this has no effect on measurem
5. 89 996 4 54 998 0 004 0 004 gt 44 Dimensions for the measured component can be brought up on its graphical representation in the same way as they are shown on the component s engineering drawing To bring up the dimensions onto the screen all you have to do is select the features that you wish to measure between by clicking on their graphical representation If the software doesn t default to the type of measurement that you want horizontal aligned etc then you will also have to select the correct dimension type In most cases the order in which you select the features will make no difference The instances in which the order of selection does make a difference are highlighted later in this chapter It is important to grasp the following principles when bringing up dimensions Circles and spheres are treated as single points in space with all dimensions being to their centre You can use the Max or Min options in the Dimension Details window to measure to the outside or inside of a circle Cylinders are treated as three dimensional lines along their axis When dimensioning between two lines or cylinders etc the order of their selection is important Cones may be treated either as a line along it s axis or as a point at it s apex depending on whether the cone is selected as the first or second feature When linear dimensioning a feature to a plane or a line the dimension will be
6. o genter X din fo War OK zm Enter the bottom limit for the diameter here mmc bonus tolerance is show here the closer to bottom limit the diameter is the bigger the positional tolerance is Click to get the two mmc boxes to appear Fig 17 0 11 True position of circle from datum B with MMC When you return to the main screen the mmc symbol will be present and the true position value will be adjusted by the bonus tolerance X 10 332 Y 6 045 70 000 0 149 e CA B 34 12 Symmetry he condition where the median points of all opposed elements of two or more feature surfaces are congruent with the axis or centre plane of a datum feature 80 If the geometric tolerance button is switched on the symmetry between two features and a centre line will be displayed automatically underneath each dimension in the graphic window In Aberlink 3D the symmetry result is calculated from three features the centre line feature A and the mid point B between two other features the difference between the mid point and the centre line feature is displayed as symmetry under both dimensions in the graphic window 10 000 81 34 13 Profiles A tolerancing method of controlling irregular surfaces lines arcs or normal planes Profiles can be applied to individual line elements or the entire surface of a part The profile tolerance specifies a uniform boundary along the true profile within which
7. Bore Boss Fitch 0 000 Dia J4 co0 K 1 000 Ci x Y zZ Fedd Cx Cy Cz Plunge R 317 572 18 1968 0000 sqo0 l Approach 4 R 217 572 18 1968 1668 S000 part alignment up Final 4 P 840 180 27 866 1884 0 0 Approach 2 R 317 595 19 779 1 696 spon Finis P 318 922 10 087 1880 foo Approach 3 R 348 480 19 183 1704 400 0 Finals P 308 978 15773 1700 hoo Approach 4 R 316 934 19 206 1 656 00 0 Fina P 326 359 16 541 1852 400 Rise R 316234 19 206 oooo ooo M 3 1 zi The Plane button If you wish you can project the circle into a plane other than that chosen by the software If you press the button you can choose which of orthogonal planes to project the circle into By clicking on the appropriate XY XZ or YZ button that defines the plane you want you can also project the circle in to any other relevant plane that has previously been measured 26 Take four points evenly spaced around the circumference of the central bore The depth of the measurement points does not matter as long as at least half the ball is below the surface of the workpiece so that the measurements are taken using the full circumference of the ball These measurement points inside the hole will be projected on to the reference plane Top Face to produce a 2 dimensional circle If you take a bad point use the re take button to delete the last point taken A pictorial representation of the circle will app
8. Using the joystick trigger button it is possible to enter the machine s current position as a Move Via command Every time you press the trigger on the joystick it enters a Move Via into the measuring routine very time you pull the trigger on the joystick you enter a Move Via into the measuring routine Measure points 1 and Measure point N 16 2 Method Two T If you press this button you can see the path the probe takes along with the plunge rise positions pre travel and measurement points graphically on the screen You can edit these paths by left hand clicking on the connect lines between the measured points this will add extra Move Via graphically shown as pink points if you keep the mouse button pressed it is possible to move the Move Via points around on the screen so clearing any obstruction Plunge from Safety New path using move Rise to Safety Z Zone via points to go round idus tcd obstruction If you keep the If you left clicking on mouse button the connect lines pressed it is between the possible to move the measured points you move via points C can create Move Via around on the screen points Approach point Ed A j le A Approach point A va Final measurement p in Final measurement point Old path hitting obstruction 33 16 3 Method Three You can type the X Y Z information speed and probe head position directly into the measurement grid Plane M
9. ABE el b amp ES gt be dxf A y SPC FG a ec M oO IAPs Mh rapis ig ion of intersection of features i e two lines in a plane point or a line EWORK E a gt lt X 023 233 ww 2 Y 423 694 Z 001 19 oint Measure ol X 49 BB3 427 003 Z 8 710 Controller Status Ok Aberlink 3d OK 13 40 ufstart c E c 3j Ilifaberlink 3D S untitled Paint Gy Control Panel amp Inspection Resu GyUser Manual 39 13 40 e Now simply select the features whose intersections create the desired point by clicking on them After you have selected the first feature a prompt will appear to confirm what is happening Information i Constructing an intersection ar points an a feature e Click on OK and then click on the second feature Now the Point Measure window will automatically reappear The graphics part of the window and the Points Fit box will of course be blank but the X Y and Z co ordinates of the constructed point will be displayed in red 28 e You may now click on OK or Set Ref as appropriate as for any point The screen will now return to the Main Screen and the point will form a part of the graphical representation i Aberlink 3D Software x Ste Point calculates the position of intersection of features i e two lines in a plane 2D point or a line and a plane 3D point 29 15 0 Step by step quide for construct
10. It is possible to allocate datum letters to the features after you have measured them This is useful if you wish to match the datum letters marked on the draw to the feature you have measured Fig 17 0 7 Datum Letter displayed for specific features 76 To allocate a datum letter to a feature right click on that feature with the mouse this will open the Measurement Window you can now use the drop menu next to the word Datum to select the letter you wish to assign to that feature It is possible to display the datum letters in the graphic windows by left hand clicking on a feature twice then right click the mouse you will get a drop down menu select the datum option from the menu then left click on the screen to display the datum letter 34 11 1 True Position relative to specified datum s If the true position that you are measuring is relative to some other point on the component other than that which has been set as 0 0 0 then it is possible to show it relative to other specified datums For instance if you have chosen a large hole as the reference because it is an easy feature to measure automatically but need to show the true position of a hole relative to a smaller hole specified as datum B then this can also be done in the dimension details window Note to display the true position of a circle or a point from features other than the origin you must allocate datum letters to those features P Dimension Deta
11. or a cylindrical tolerance zone whose axis is parallel to a datum axis If the geometric tolerance button is switched on the parallelism between two lines or planes will be displayed automatically underneath the dimension in the graphic window 34 7 Angularity The condition of a surface or axis at a specified angle other than Lu 90 from a datum plane or axis The tolerance zone is defined by two parallel planes at the specified basic angle from a datum plane or axis If the geometric tolerance button is switched on the angularity between two lines or planes will be displayed automatically underneath the angle in the graphic window 30 01 55 34 8 Squareness The condition of a surface or axis at a right angle to a datum EU plane or axis Perpendicularity tolerance specifies one of the following a zone defined by two planes perpendicular to a datum plane or axis or a zone defined by two parallel planes perpendicular to the datum axis If the angle is between 96 84 and geometric tolerance button is switched on the perpendicular squareness between two lines or planes will be displayed automatically underneath the angle in the graphic window p e S im mm mm sears deoa mm Ne Gel pm mmi e mr nigg 90 07 05 sclee sem eceesesees ses ceseesesecesabl L 34 9 Concentricity The axes of all cross sectional elements of a surface of revo
12. preparation functions These functions include e Give some thought to how you are going to position and hold the part to be measured Reason Ensure good accessibility you can access all the features you want measure e Decide which stylus amp extension you are going to need and if you are using an indexible head which probe angles you are going to need to measure the part before you start Reason Save time while programming Saves you having to move the part e Itis good working practice to write the feature numbers on the drawing Reason Easy verification of the inspection report Easy guidance when running a part inspection program e tis good working practice to assign the datum letters to measured features as they are shown in the drawing Reason Easy verification of the inspection report Necessary for defining true positions when other than the referenced features 3 0 Starting up your machine Air supply Check your CMM has a minimum air supply of 3 9 bar 55 psi and the filters attached to the air regulator are free from oil and water contamination before you start the machine Oil amp water must never get through to air bearings as this could damage your machine x To start the software double click on the Aberlink 3D icon on the Als desktop or click on the windows start button select programs Peete then click on Aberlink 3D When the Aberlink 3D software starts The first message that w
13. 382 taken in as the feature amp number is selected the 5 z Y 357 572 RAE l graphical qa prs 9 representation of that 2 Z 095 065 feature will become red 47 0 File Edi Measurement Custom Utilities Stylus Now click on any XD e X 031 386 A Y 357 569 9C ize e o5 Z 095 063 L1 a El B amp i gt E ra EA en 3s dxf 2 Coordinate display to zero a read out click on the panel this has no effect on measurements or rel partofthe view that you are dimensioning in even the white background or on top of another feature and the highlighted feature will be selected The Feature Select button will only work to select a feature once If you need to select the same feature twice for instance to display the diameter of a circle simply click on the red number again to re highlight that feature This removes the necessity to use the right and left arrows to move off and return to the desired feature Now click on in the view again to re select the feature 23 0 Aligned Dimensions 23 1 3D Dimensions S 0 slala ari 6 amp bs Dl Dd MS dxf amp coctinat display to zero a read out click on the panel this has no effect on measurements or referances gt gf X 448 068 7 Y 046 075 o5 Z 067 341 An aligned dimension can be d
14. 417 082 Soon aaa Enter WPC offset here a eac ear x 0 000 20 x 37 982 y f40 013 z NZ The X Y Z workpiece co ordinate values are shown in the top left hand section Iv Measure This Component Apply v 0 000 1 x4 s amp 383 Y4 36 031 Z4 20997 Enter work piece safety volume here 39 If the component has been moved on the table since the program was created then it will not be possible to automatically calculate the WPC and therefore you will have to define it as follows Drive the probe so that the ruby ball is physically at the position of the datum on the component If your datum is a hole the ruby ball should be at the centre of the hole so L d that the centre of the ball is at the top face of the Pika d hole If you have chosen a point on a plane PH50 P a m such as the corner of a block so that this is not possible drive the ruby ball so that it s base is just over the corner of the block we will have to adjust in Z by the radius of the ball later Note that you only have to set the WPC accurately enough so that the program will find the datum features Once these have been measured automatically in the program the WPC will be updated to an exact value Tick the Measure this Component box and then click on the Teach button The position of the ruby ball will then automatically be entered as the WPC If you have positioned the ball away from the datum on the comp
15. L LL Eme 1 L LL L L LCLCILILL IL LLLI Page 1 1 Print Result Hominal Actual Deviation Result co cr Se _ol o 5 c e e a 32 5 Feature Profile ia Print Preview se Bacon ap ned Do TetPieee O 77 ABODHOHA ABERLINK LTD e ABERLINK OS 1023 asmoa 7 GRB 77 H30 TM AA039676 As a feature is inspected the fit of the individual points to the theoretical shape is shown in the picture box on the right side of the measurement window If enough points are taken then a useful representation of the true surface is built up This picture can be printed using the feature profile routine When you click on Print or Print Preview buttons the software asks you to click on the feature you wish to print 67 Aberlink 3D Software Printers Please click on the Feature to be printed When you click on OK the feature profile will be displayed as follows 32 6 Multiple Components Avening Mill ABERLINK Ltd lt E ae GLBSLUUK ABC 123 Order No Date S a Test Piece Serial No 1234 VIP Ltd Material Aluminium Notes e o m ul ii li 5 RB hl ce RB 11 temno ea 89 T amo a opum Oo es gil p MEN p p 3 bo 0 m I When measuring a batch of components using the Play function with SPC All Components ticked on
16. Sap ls Ex dxf amp Coordinate display to zero a read out click on the panel this has no effect on measurements or referances You can use the feature select button to assist selection of the feature X 448 072 Y 046 076 Z 067 341 22 1 Using the Feature Select Buttons In some instances it will be difficult to select a feature by clicking on it directly For instance the same line will represent both the side view of a circle and also the plane into which it is projected If you have difficulty in selecting a feature the Feature Select buttons will provide the solution lt gt 0 The red number initially zero refers to the feature number in the order that it was measured For instance if you measured a plane first followed by a circle and then a line the plane would be feature number 1 the circle number 2 and the line number 3 Now you can use the right and left arrows to increment and decrement the feature number to obtain the feature desired If you know the number of the feature that you require to select you can simply type it in over the existing number and then click on it o0 that you don t have to memorise the order k D a dxf amp Coordinate display to zero a read out click on the panel this has no effect on measurements or referances i that the features are X 031
17. a block type component like the Aberlink testpiece 1 Measure at least four points on top face Primary alignment 3 Measure three points 2 Measure three points along along back face Origin side of block Secondary 1 Measure a plane on the top of the block by clicking on the measure plane button When the measure plane window opens take four points on the top face Plane 1 Press the Set Ref button This will align the Z axis 90 to the measured plane This is our Primary Alignment then click OK 2 Next measure a line along the side of the block by clicking on the measure line button when the measure line window opens take three points along the side of the part Line 2 Press the Set Ref button This will rotate the axis system to align the Y axis to the side of the part This is our Secondary Alignment then Click OK 3 The last thing we need to do is to measure a line along the back face of the part by clicking on the measure line button When the measure line window opens take three points along the back face of the part Line 3 Press the Set Ref button This will create an origin zero point in the corner where the two lines intersect each other on the top face Then Click OK Note You can repeat steps 1 to 2 at any time as long as the program has not run Any point can be set as a reference be it the centre of a circle or a constructed intersection point Notes 18 9 0 Pl
18. amp 6 Measured Dimension Identifier jimm Circle True Position Mominal Dimension 6 000 Dim Error p 027 Geometric Tolerance Tolerance Length Geometric Limit Display Layer Show Error Datums fel eal Tolerance Mominal Actual X 2400 12 059 m Y roo ois 7 0 000 0 000 Il MMC C Center fol leith Wax Fig 17 0 10 True position of circle from datum B The position of the circle is at the bottom of the details section If you change these nominal values the true position value will change accordingly Note that these values are relative to the datum position on the component being measured 34 11 2 Maximum Material Condition The maximum material condition for a hole can also be displayed if required Again in the dimension details window tick the mmc box This will make two further boxes appear In the top box type the minimum allowable diameter for the hole The lower box will then be automatically filled in with the bonus tolerance due to the mmc 79 EA Dimension Details Current Measurement Unt 5 Between 3 amp 8 Measured Dimension Identifier femm Circle True Position Mominal Dimension Dim Error 0 023 Geometric Tolerance Tolerance Length Geometric Limit 0 050 Display Layer 2 Show Error aturms c 5 s s aa Clear Talerance ay Mominal Actual Limit Tol X 10282 10 332 Iv feon Y 6 000 6 045 If 0 077 Fi o 000 0 000 MMC mM
19. be displayed either as its cartesian or its er polar co ordinates e together with its I geometrical tolerance 3 for true position a Select the circle twice nal as though displaying am its diameter as 2c described above Now n right click in white space to bring up the following menu Contrallar em erar standstil Y Asis Aednk3d SipProgamFlag3 0 ssi wx Sen rem pem IE Irepection Results amp urtiied Pant Rum 18 27 You can now select the option that you desire Note that the position of the circle will be relative to the datum position selected on the component being measured 27 1 True Position batik a IIT 44 Having selected to ig DS URS ho wwe MDE AN m maan e mor ne display the position of the circle or si LE tolerance for true position for the circle by clicking on the Geometrical Tolerance button at the top of the screen see chapter 20 CD z Point or Sphere as a O O E gt described above AS you can also Se display the u geometrical 3 a wu GU i gt AKO Contrcllar Statua Bara emorstandai Y Asis Abetnk3d StopPoganFlg3 2 8 104 TCR corel Byrona Panel E Irepection Resu ts quU 19 04 The software will not automatically know the correct position for the circle and will have rounded the measured values to achieve a guess at its position You must therefore check that the correct position values have been e
20. dimension leader lines will also appear red on the graphical representation Now printing out a tabulated dimensions report it will be possible to show the nominal value the error the upper and lower tolerances and also a pass fail statement 61 31 0 Recalling a measured Unit When you OK a measurement unit and the software returns to the main screen displaying this measured unit it is not too late to modify the unit by adding or deleting measurement points or changing its reference status Each measured unit can be recalled by right clicking on the graphical representation of the feature in the main screen 32 0 Printing the results Whenever you wish to produce a hard copy of inspection results the print function is used This will bring up the following window w Print 25 Jan 01 LI LI LI SE st SE SE lt 1 lt 1 SI lt 1 lt 1 All inspection reports will be printed with a border around them which can contain information about the part being inspected This information can be entered in the border details frame Note that you are able to modify the information titles at this screen The date is entered by default Your company name and address as entered in the Software Set Up will also be printed on each page 62 There are six different types of inspection report that you can select Graphic Details print results in the same form as the graphic display i e an XY XZ YZ or isometric view of th
21. o ARRE X 4 706 Y 22 803 Z 15 638 58 The maximum material condition for a hole can also be displayed if required Again in the dimension details window tick the mmc box This will make two further boxes appear In the top box type the minimum allowable diameter for the hole The lower box will then be automatically filled in with the bonus tolerance due to the MMC When you return to the main screen the MMC symbol will be present and the true position value will be adjusted by the bonus tolerance 12 x i S current measurement file and starts a new one Controller Status Servo error standstill Y Axis Aberlink 3d StopProgramFlag 3 18 38 yAStart 4 5 A Milaberlink 3D Soft GyControl Panel E Inspection Results untitled Paint KRZ 18 38 28 0 Dimensioning between two Lines or Planes A linear dimension may be produced between two lines or planes by attaching the dimension to the first line or plane selected and extending it either perpendicularly for an aligned dimension or horizontally or vertically for horizontal and vertical dimensions until it reaches the mid point of the second one If the lines or planes are not parallel different dimensions will be achieved depending on which line or plane is selected first Also the value for run out is calculated by projecting perpendicular construction lines from the first selected line to meet t
22. perpendicular to the plane or line When dimensioning between two planes or lines the order of their selection is important 45 22 0 Selecting Features When bringing up dimensions on the screen it is necessary to select the features that you wish to dimension in the graphical representation To select a feature click on the dark blue outline of the feature Make sure that at the point that you click on the feature there are no other overlapping features within the selection box 12 Aberlink 3D Software File Edi Measurement Custom Utilities Stylus Dae Bag amp 7 p E at dxf GF Undo undoes last action ie last feature measured last dimension or last item erased X 448 022 Y 046 071 Z 067 341 Note You cannot select a 3 dimensional feature by clicking on the grey lines that represent it s depth Also Note If you are dimensioning in the side view of a reference plane which has had 2 dimensional features projected into the plane then a single line on the graphics will represent both the plane and the features In this instance clicking on the line may select any one of the features To define the specific feature required you must use the feature select buttons The feature selected will become pink If you have trouble selecting a feature there are various courses of action 46 Aberlink 3D Software File Edit Measurement Custom Utilities Stylus DS Be
23. the elements of the surface must lie If you best fit a DXF file to a measured curve it is possible to display the profile tolerance by left click twice on the curve if you then right click you will see a drop down menu pick Profile option and the outline of a leader line will appear Move the cursor to a convenient position on the screen where you would like to site the dimension and left click for a third time The geometric tolerance will now appear on the screen oe eo e9 9e 4l o fecero 4 4 o e o a 9 e t 5 10 270 2 UN M 10 013 M o o A e e e e o See e e i e e e rd tses 82 35 0 Change History Date of Change Description of Change a Changed by 22 10 07 Geometrical tolerances chapter added CJH 26 1107 Index updated CH 27 0008 Content review Chris W CIW 22 01 09 Final review Ann Am 36 0 Contact Details Aberlink Ltd Eastcombe Gloucestershire GL6 7DY UK Tel 44 0 1453 884461 Email sales aberlink co uk Fax 44 0 1453 882348 Website www aberlink co uk 83
24. the most commonly used print routine as it closely mimics the output that the software produces during use When this option is selected the user can then select one or more of the four possible views XY XZ YZ and ISO for printing If more than one view is selected the individual views are printed on separate sheets The extent of the area that is printed is based on the current software view but as the aspect ratio of the page and screen are different it is advisable to observe the print preview before continuing with the print This will confirm exactly what will be printed especially useful if key dimensions are close to the edge of the view If all necessary dimensions are not on the print preview then re zoom the view in the software and recheck the print preview w Print Preview x 611 4993 O00003 14 999 Noc am 33 976 n zi ff 0 058 a 30 01 02 400111 16 978 0 019 mm ABC 123 ABERLINK Ltd 5 wee ipud ES ezsa p ose t ore Aluminium o 32 2 Tabulated Units This routine will print the properties of the units that have been inspected e g for a circle unit it s centre co ordinates and diameter will be printed or for a line unit the start and end co ordinates will be printed as well as it s directional vector In order for these co ordinates to have any real meaning the part origin must have been defined by referencing the appropriate features 64 Print Preview x ABERLINK Ltd m Avenind G
25. want to construct a line between two points Click YES and select the circle by left hand clicking on it in the graphic window You now have a constructed line Press the Set Ref button and then click OK to align the Y axis along the constructed line The component is now aligned true to the centre line of the 100mm cylinder This is the Primary Alignment with the Y axis going through the 10mm hole which is the Secondary Alignment The X Y Z is zeroed where the cylinder meets the top face 21 11 0 Drive shaft alignment along a shaft centre line Place the shaft on the CMM table with the end faces aligned along the Y axis Ree As the main datum is the centre line of the shaft we need to align the Y axis of the CMM to the centre line This is done as follows 1 CMM Table Click on the Measure Plane Button When the measure plane window opens take four points on one end of the shaft and click OK this is plane number 1 Click on the Measure Circle Button When the measure circle window opens take four points around the diameter of the shaft nearest the previously measured plane 1 Circle 2 is automatically projected into plane 1 Press the Set Ref button This sets the XYZ datum on this end of the shaft zero point Click OK Repeat this process for the other end of the shaft but do not press the Set Ref button You now have one plane and one circle at each end of the shaft We ca
26. 0 Selecting Features 5 9 9 0 0 50 0 20050 13 020 aaa 46 22 1 Using the Feature Select Buttons eeeeeeeseesseeeese 47 23 0 Aligned DIMENSIONS o oto robe rni eei co Eurer traer ebrei ra Euren etus 48 29 1 SD DIMENSIONS pce REGIE MILSPIRS IUE NN SSRISEIUGERFRKORKRETME DIDIT A NIE 48 23 2 2D DIMENSIONS ismboiutes IU bo EM DI E URDU DURUM IAM HD DLL I PU OD M LUN 50 23 3 Horizontal and Vertical Dimensions eseeeeeeseesssse 50 24 0 Ang lar DIMENSIONS sacris E AELE 51 221 90 DImiensiorelATDdleS ering tates ciate getaieaniantoha oaeo 91 227 2 2D ATIOIOS t id cusan u esedeac tou dovute eaten cetaceans cado sut et fea dea t iud dere 52 29 0 Dimensioning CIECIOS sirios eee eee 53 26 0 Displaying a Feature as a Datum 54 27 0 Displaying the position of a Circle Point or Sphere 55 ZEE Niro iem cR OD 2 2 True Position relative to specified datum s 56 27 3 Maximum Material Condition cccceccsecceeeeeseeceeesseceeeeeeseeeeeenaes 58 28 0 Dimensioning between two Lines or Planes 59 29 0 DIMENSIONING to a COL eh eeepc ken o uh E 59 30 0 Setting Nominal Values and Tolerances for Dimensions 61 31 0 Recalling a measured Unit eese 62 32 0 Print hg th
27. 43 8 532 2996 5000 the obstruction P Fipal 3 14448 R532 Amna AN ga before moving down to the pre travel distance above point 3 and then take point 3 before going up to the edge of the safe volume Template from measured data Template from details given Fix Template f 17 0 Creating and running a CNC Programme general notes When using the Aberlink 3D CNC software there are two ways to create a CNC program as follows 17 1 Teach and Repeat By driving the machine around using the joystick and measuring a component you are also creating a program that can afterwards be run automatically 17 2 Off Line Programming Sometimes it will be quicker simply to type in the size and position of a feature to be measured rather than to measure it directly Programs can even be created by a combination of the two methods and often this can be the most efficient solution If you wish to run the program automatically you will need to define the position and alignment of the component by measuring certain features and setting them as references 36 When you are happy with the program and ready to run it automatically click on the Play button gt It is important if your program is to run successfully that the position and alignment of the component has been properly defined by setting features as references The golden rules for choosing reference features are as follows 1 References must be selected that fully define
28. ABERLINK amp Innovative Metrology ABERLINK 3D MKIII MEASUREMENT SOFTWARE PART 1 CNC VERSION COURSE TRAINING NOTES Print Preview m Cone Measure LINK Ltd ABC 123 Order No Serial No VIP Ltd Material 24 000 sers o 024 sanoo 30 900 e wam 16 79 on2a sano 16900 ros mam E 0 001 5100 14900 es rer aworo oor sowo so es eof a ev ram Cusm ve aval aso 7e ee E a E i 2 000 0 000 Sore oi ev ee 6 000 0 000 1 000 FE FEE E pt Dimension Details Current Measurement 10 5mm between Circle and Line 0500 O17 w T T TT Sb res tear Ros oio 7 foao foro 100 100 020 200 KEY Mean bminal Sid Dev KEY Mean bina Std Dev Sme Ok Tech ABERLINK LTD EASTCOMBE GLOS GL6 7DY UK INDEX 1 0 Introduction to CMM measurement eese 4 2 0 Preparation and general hints for solving measurement problems 4 3 0 Starting up yo r machine eer oae aea a oes traer aote eive us 5 AiO TG SOY SUG dee rA T AT Movement X Y and Z sc seoectees toco a a aa eo nets 8 4 2 Taking Points at constant feed eeeseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 8 4 3 INGEXING ING PrODG i acnod tav bua pe vao iE Spev eden pavo va bo vo Sov doro Pd Ud bowob gua
29. Gauge circle of fixed diameter measure window back onto the screen Click on the right hand end of the shrunken box to do this 30 1 Aberlink 3D Software File Edit Measurement Custom Utilities Stylus Help be a MSS 7 OTAD D ex 1 Was OF MRE SD edam vs ADS Slt WIS eom X 292 443mm Y 8 344mm z 22 378mm Circle Measure E X 6 579 Y 8 694 Z 10 648 Controler Status OK Aberlink 3d OK A0 B0 81 C1 R1 Machine State 15 19 ana Nawra ner E distat e ud Ecne cmm en thy Aberlink3D Microsoft vis Bid aberlink 30 Software Sf pcdi jpa Paint J Training Aberlink 3D TE Om 1519 The window will now reappear with a circle now constructed through the array Click on OK to close the window and return to the main screen 31 16 0 Inserting A Move Via Into A Measuring Routine When the Aberlink 3D software creates a measuring routine it will measure the points on a feature in the most efficient way ie if three points are measured on a plane the machine will measure the plane as follows 1 It will rapid to the edge of the safe volume above the first point plunge position 2 t will rapid to the pre travel distance above point 1 typically 2mm Approach 1 3 It will probe point 1 and come back up to the pre travel distance above the plane Final 1 represents the over travel distance past the point 4 t will t
30. Geometric Tolerance button The geometric tolerance values that are relevant to the measurements on the screen will now be displayed To display the geometric tolerances that are relevant to any particular feature for instance flatness of a plane straightness of a line click twice on that feature and the outline of a leader line will appear Move the cursor to a convenient position on the screen where you would like to site the dimension and click for a third time The geometric tolerance will now appear on the screen 0 007 70 Also true position and maximum material condition of circles can be displayed and datum symbols attached to features X28 033 Y0 5 0 Z 10 51 B D j0 132 amp D C B Note that the Geometric Tolerance button will switch on and off all geometric tolerances If you wish to turn off selected tolerances only this can be done in the Dimension Details window for that tolerance 34 0 Geometric Characteristic Symbols 34 1 Straightness Acondition where all points are in a straight line the tolerance specified by a zone formed by two parallel lines To display the straightness of a line click twice on the line and the outline of a leader line will appear Move the cursor to a convenient position on the screen where you would like to site the dimension and click for a third time The geometric tolerance will now appear on the screen 71 34 2 Flatness All the points on a surf
31. OT aver write any additional moves you may have entered Again it will almost always be correct to let the software calculate the approaches by clicking on Yes The Plunge and Rise values are stored in the probe moves grid for each measurement unit The Plunge move will be the very first line and the Rise will be the very last It is possible to modify these values by simply overwriting them in the grid but do not then re calculate the template simply OK the unit Similarly if you answer Yes again to the original prompt these values will be automatically calculated again and overwrite your modifications Circle Template Centre FPP X ooo Plane No 1 000 o Frobe Head Frobe lods NM Pre travel 1 999 B Axis D Over travel 5 001 Y 0 000 Penitration Star i Plunge vector Points zZ 0 000 Start angle Park n i 0 000 HB Dia 11 252 End angle 360 IJ Imm f Bore C Boss Fitch 0 000 Dia 3 000 k 1 000 EA x Y 7 Feed Cx Cy Cz Ci Ci Jal Plunge R 2 476 0 076 21 504 5000 Appmach 1 R 2476 0 0786 2284 5000 Final 1 P 9473 0 200 2201 50 Approach 2 R n 343 2 453 2248 00 0 Final 2 P 1311 8386 2 248 50 Appmach 3 R 2474 0 443 2252 5000 Final 3 P 8467 0 434 2252 50 Appoach 4 R 0340 2454 2204 5000 Final 4 P 1302 8 387 2 204 50 Rise R O 340 2 454 21 504 500 0 EE s 38 Having automatically calculated the Safe Volume and Approaches for the program th
32. ace are in one plane the tolerance specified by a zone formed by two parallel planes To display the flatness of a plane click twice on the plane and the outline of a leader line will appear Move the cursor to a convenient position on the screen where you would like to site the dimension and click for a third time The geometric tolerance will now appear on the screen Pw en nOD alec bee ewes ccm mmc es ec es wees en sc aseccececocasss ee w 34 3 Roundness or Circularity All the points on a surface are in a circle The tolerance is specified by a zone bounded by two concentric circles If the geometric tolerance button is switched on the roundness of a circle will be displayed automatically underneath the diameter in the graphic window 34 5 Cylindricity All the points of a surface of revolution are equidistant from a common axis A cylindricity tolerance specifies a tolerance zone bounded by two concentric cylinders within which the surface must lie 72 If the geometric tolerance button is switched on the cylindricity of a cylinder will be displayed automatically underneath the diameter in the graphic window 019 275 0 004 DN s 34 6 Parallelism The condition of a surface or axis equidistant at all points from a datum plane or axis Parallelism tolerance specifies one of the following a zone defined by two planes or lines parallel to a datum plane or axis
33. all six degrees of freedom for a component when it is placed on the table Usually this will be done using one plane one line and one circle or point However if these features do not exist on your component other alternatives are available Measure the reference features as close to the start of your program as possible When running a program automatically the exact position and orientation of a component will not be defined until all the reference features have been measured Choose reference features that are easy to measure eg Large planes edges or holes rather than important features that are perhaps defined as datums on the drawing Remember setting a feature as a datum Is totally different to setting it as a reference reference features are simply used to define the position and alignment of the component Once you click on the Play button it is not possible to modify or change your reference features The Ref Set button will be greyed out so once you have measured your reference features at the start of the program do not touch them again 17 3 Setting Safe Volume When you are running a program for the first time having clicked on the Play button there are three things that the software must do before the program can run The first thing is to define a Safe Volume around the component through which the probe must not travel when moving between features or when indexing When you click on the Play button the follow
34. ane and two circles Alignment Measure a circle 2 in one of the small bores in the top face Press Measure a plane 1 on the top face Press the set ref the set ref button This is now your origin zero point button This is now your Primary alignment Construct a line 4 joining the centre of the two circles 2 amp 3 Press the set ref button This is now your secondary alignment Measure a circle 3 in another of the small bores in the top face Do not the press set ref button 1 Measure a plane on the top of the block by clicking on the Measure Plane Button When the measure plane window opens take four points on the top face Plane 1 Press the Set Ref button This will align the Z axis 90 to the measured plane This is our Primary Alignment then click OK 2 Measure a circle in one of the small bores by clicking on the Measure Circles Button When the measure circle window opens take four points in one of the small bores circle 1 Press the Set Ref button This is now your origin zero point 3 Measure another circle in the small bore opposite the one you have just measured by clicking on the Measure Circles Button When the measure circle window opens take four points in the opposite bore to the one that was just measured circle 2 Do not press the Set Ref button as we are going to use this circle to construct a line 19 4 Thela
35. arge circle by placing the probe in the centre of the large circle X 0 Y20 then press the Teach Button This will automatically set the position centre of the ball as the new WPC 2 To set rotations using the WPC window find a feature like the small circle X 50 Y 0 which has the X or Y axis running through it Move the probe along one of the axis like X but do not move it in the other like Y until the probe is in the centre of the other feature both features lie along the same axis 3 If you right click on the Teach Button you see a drop down menu with four options origin Z rotation Y rotation and Z rotation Select the Z Rotation option this will rotate the co ordinate system around Z and align the X axis through the centre of the second feature which lies along the same axis as the WPC 19 1 Problems you can have with WPC e Torun a program it s important to have the correct WPC datum entered into the offset box in the WPC window If the wrong co ordinates have been entered the machine will not be able find the part on the table and could crash into the part or table e Note Sometimes when loading a program the WPC can set itself to zero If you tried to run the program with the WPC at zero the machine would try to move to the reference position zero position machine co ordinate system in the top right hand corner of the CMM 41 e f you are not using the rotation option when setting a WPC you must
36. btaining this information is known as calibrating the probe The probe must be calibrated every time you change a stylus or if you have an indexible probe each time you move the probe head to a position that has not previously been calibrated If you are using a Renishaw indexible probe it is important to datum the probe head at all relevant positions prior to commencing your inspection Similarly if you are using a standard probe it is important to choose the correct stylus to suit the work piece A change of styli in the middle of an inspection should be avoided as you will need to re calibrate 5 2 How to datum the probe To bring up the Probe Status window click on the Probe Datum button A Head To calibrate the probe left click with the mouse on the z green area in the probe head icon to call up the probe B status window Later on you can use the arrows by the side of this icon to change calibrated probe positions Refresh 10 This will bring up the probe status window Use this to determine the 2 Slider bars for selecting direction of the probe For probe head A and B angles straight down click on ball 1 Stylus 3 Stylus Rack Position Stylus Rack Selector only relevant if 123456 an auto change rack is zo kK ft gesp ts fitted Length Set Diameter E Enter length of probe here width E Semee For a PH10 with TP20 add 38mm to stylus Enter the diameter of the ruby ball here 4m
37. cate features such as two and four lane highways bridges and airports The purpose of these symbols is to form a common language that everyone can understand 69 33 2 Geometric Tolerancing in Aberlink Where relevant the geometric tolerance applicable to each measurement unit eg roundness of circles straightness of lines will be displayed underneath the graphical representation of that unit iH Aberlink 3D Software Linuxserver ftp Test Block Test Block Version 3 Test Block v3 max File Edit Measurement Custom Utilities Stylus Help 2 Ba Eg amp as gt i dxf per m y Spe 40D g ed e M ag A i Park CMM moves the Z quill to the home position and shuts down the drives 011 992 54 912 alae O 0 008 0 009 510 031 90 104 peg 33 995 d inc SS B Z 0 021 YN 37 90 11 13 7 cm 87 19 18 900023 16 918 A 110 012 ae aor X6 028 Y 10 410 Z 0 200 0 058 A B K 0 000mm um 1 954 Dl OO 1L Ls ats Y 0 000mm os e F exc ee 015 972 2 i L1 O o oos lt Z 0 000mm a 10 000 X 69 001 Y 7 617 Z 19 331 Controler Status OK Aberlink S3D OK AD B 0 5 1 C 1 R 1 Machine State 10 06 None of these geometric tolerance values will by default be displayed on the graphical representation of the component that is built up during the inspection l To display on the screen all geometric tolerance values relevant to the inspection simply click on the
38. cient is stored in the software and will have automatically been entered Notes 25 13 0 Step by step quide for measuring a circle In this chapter we ll go though measuring a circle step by step because the measurement windows for measuring circles have a similar layout to the windows used for measuring other features like planes lines points cylinders and spheres You can apply the same method shown below to measure other features e Click on the Measure Circle button this will open the Circle measurement window The Delete button deletes the measured The Retake button The Clear button removes the last point removes all the points taken SO you can start again feature from the computer Lircle Measure E 3 xl ag Section Ma 2 When you have finished your measurement click the OK button Points Taken nU ern r poins 00 pay o H OYE P in e A A 327 540 v 414 088 2 42 7574 E0002 EE fi O O 003 Retake Clear Delete Plane Construct OK y This is the Set Ref Circle Template Probe Head Probe button Centre Bl P house p Pre travel w4 802 If you press it the feature X 317 704 PlaneNa fi EUN p Overtravel EDs you just measured will z 5032 Start angle U Rack Hh Ih 0 000 H alignment system Dia 12 004 End angle 360 You normally only use ES the Set Ref three times at the beginning of the measurement to set the A ID
39. done by using the two selector boxes at the bottom left of the probe selector screen The Rack Position selector is only used if an auto change rack is fitted to the machine and will always default to position 1 We also need to enter approximate values for the length and diameter of the stylus being used Roughly measure 1mm the length protruding below the probe head MH20i gi MH20i RENISHAW I a 40 75 90 105 20 054 Stylus length Stylus length Stylus length 5 3 Calibrating probe positions The first thing you need to do is determine probe direction click on ball no 1 within the picture top left angles you require by Then enter the stylus length in the stylus length box and the ruby ball diameter into the ball diameter box you only need to enter stylus width in the width box if you are using a star stylus To datum a probe position select the A incline and B rotationusing the drop down menus located in the bottom left hand corner of the probe status window or the top sliders 1 Press the Add button in the right corner of the probe status window you should then see a line in the Datumed positions window showing the probe position you want to calibrate 2 lf using a manual head a prompt will ask you to move the head 3 Place the probe 50mm above the reference ball and left click on the Start button in the probe status window the machine will now automatically measure a n
40. ds by clicking on the Reference Machine button from the top tool bar on the main screen This will bring the Machine Reference Screen back up as previously described 4 0 The Joystick The Aberlink 3D software works with a PC compatible joystick provided that the correct drivers have been installed The CNC CMM is supplied with a Logitech Extreme 3D pro Joystick as shown _ Button 3 Hat Switch r ll a Button 4 N 4 Z Speed Controller X Axis Hold Y Axis Hold Z Axis Hold The joystick can be engaged and disengaged in the Aberlink 3D software using the following button 4 1 Movement X Y and Z Moving the CMM in the X axis direction is achieved by moving the joystick to the left and right Moving the CMM in the Y axis direction is achieved by moving the joystick forwards and backwards Moving the CMM in the Z axis direction is achieved by twisting the joystick The default setting for the joystick is clockwise drives in a Z positive direction upwards and anti clockwise drives in a negative direction downwards although this can be altered in the machine set up 4 2 Taking Points at constant feed The joystick provides the additional function of allowing measurement points to be taken at a constant feed rate This means that the probe does not have to be driven into the component being inspected It can be positioned within 10mm of the desired point and then the following buttons will prod
41. e component and dimensions Tabulated Units prints the details of the each feature similar to the information in the measure window of that feature Tabulated Dimensions prints all dimensions that are added to report from the current or previous inspections Point Positions prints the co ordinates of points and the co ordinates and size of circles Feature Profile prints the graphical representation of how well the individual points taken fit the theoretical shape i e the form of a feature such as profile of a surface or the roundness of a circle Multiple Components prints the measured values for a batch of components in a single report You select the type of report that you require by clicking on the relevant option button Printouts can be in either black and white or colour Again to select which you simply click on the relevant option button Printing in colour can help highlight dimensions which are out of tolerance The Excel button will automatically open Excel provided that it has been loaded on the PC and export the report selected On clicking on the Print button a preview of the output will be shown on the screen Only the first three sheets are shown in the print preview To bring one of the back sheets to the front simply click on it If the text or result becomes too long for the resolution of the screen then a box containing a diagonal cross will replace it 63 32 1 Graphic Print outs This is
42. e third piece of information required to automatically run the program is the workpiece co ordinate sometimes called the work offset and the following prompt will appear on the screen ie diia d RR features that you will The current work offset is not set Do you want it Autoset now have measured will have defined a 0 0 0 position on the component being measured This will be identified by a small datum symbol on the Main Screen The workpiece co ordinate defines where this position on the component is within the machines measurement volume i e where the component is on the table If the component has not been moved since the program was created and the reference features measured or it has been put back on the table in the same position perhaps using a fixture to locate it then the workpiece co ordinate or WPC can be automatically calculated so you can simply click on Yes The X Y and Z values for the WPC are stored along with the safe volume in the workpiece co ordinate window If you have moved the component since the program was created you must click No and define the WPC as discussed below 18 0 The Work Piece Co ordinate WPC or Work off set Most of the time the workpiece co ordinate and the safe volume will be automatically set by the software These values are stored in the workpiece co ordinate window of the WPC window Work Piece Volume Run Out 0 000000 Teach x 303357 Y 419 228 Z
43. ear in the window after three points and be updated after the fourth The X Y and Z values tabulated next to the graphic represent the X Y and Z positions of the centre of the circle As no feature on the workpiece has yet been datumed the X and Y co ordinates for the circle will be referenced to the machine zero The D value given represents the circle diameter If you are happy with your circle click on the OK button you can now see your circle in the main graphic window You can add points to the circle at any time by right clicking on the circle in the graphic window this will re open the measurement window 14 0 Step by step quide for construction of an intersection point Because the measurement windows have similar layouts you can use the same method to construct other features like centre lines and mid points Points of intersection can be constructed not only at the intersection of features which touch but can also be used to produce the closest point to both features when they do not touch 27 e To construct such a point click on the Point Measure button from the main screen This will bring up the Point Measure window Now click on the Construct box and the Point Measure window will now shrink to a small box at the bottom of the screen i Aberlink 3D Software File Edit Measurement Custom Utilities Stylus o gt Point calculates th iti f intersecti f features i e two lines i
44. easure Points Taken Plane Position 0 000 lane Template 14 392 14383 14103 H4814 s558 e556 aooo Boon foooo i NE E ee EE E E P OA E EA PR 14972 esa seo 500 0 Too P raar mu p sew esa sme won P fo o P R ram ssal soal so T T f f erT AUD a mg jani Un riepe Teun gh prda ariy Cee atk Med thata Mec ca thai an elg eifion kh Be cawihd aal ina leeeesesss29449999000020994999994942000999999999 90009944442 22 C A 221 Y 392 911 D 43874 0 DOO iaaea fresas 14103 SEEN I E nono fom facao 34 To enter a move via between points 2 and 3 you need to left hand click on the Approach 3 box to select that row of the grid The row will turn dark blue 2 Now right click on the Approach 3 box to bring up the following menu Select Insert Cells and a blank move via line will be added into the program Plane Measure p Plane Position Points Taken 0 000 0 000 1 00 0 000 lane lermplate 14 382 14383 14103 14 914 8 556 e566 o oo0 oooo nono Click the trigger of the joystick when the probe is roughly in this position a information and speed and probe head position could all be typed directly into this new row if desired It is much easier however to simply drive the probe to a suitable safe position above the obstruction and then click the trigger of the joystick to automatically enter thi
45. eature To do E this simply click on A the feature twice Ds like calling up the tas diameter of a circle c then move the cursor viis NM to white space on X SUE the screen and right click This will bring up a menu on the Imm Screen as follows mid ca Pr core Ex irepection Results rurtitea Pant COS aS Note that if the feature has not been set as a datum then the Datum option will be greyed out Assuming that the feature has previously been set as a datum select the Datum option and the outline of a datum symbol will appear Now move the cursor to a convenient position before clicking again to display the datum symbol on the screen 1 Aberlink 3D Software sax Note that if the File Edit Measurement Custom Utilities Stylus iil CORON cu wre ND ar m wlofs ais cursor is over a previously measured feature when you right click instead of over white space then that unit will also be recalled and you will have to OK that unit again before S CWweeoxVo a continuing Q e I wu 5c Note also that the bon Datum symbols can only be displayed if the Geometric x0457 Y 30427 2 13846 Co rstandstil Y Axis Aberlink3d StopProgramFlag3 3 O Tolerance button ansia 262 3e 35 Sae stops Wt tas 57 is switched on 54 27 0 Displaying the position of a Circle Point or Sphere The position of a circle e Dg uH gc xo D iu vcf A um or point or sphere a can
46. ee vaedt 8 AAV ZOCKING MEC AXO S arctan M 9 qo e Speed GCOBlFOL susselseniteeiyeniteisoti ta oet ei eei pier Ph pe Pieri P V Rer 9 4 6 Ihe Trigger BULlOFi ioo terrena abo e tq ipe abr boe abes bas etae poe ove bde above bise tavetds 9 5 0 Probe Calibration ac eoco deeds Eee EE AE EAE LEAL ELA LEE nnne 10 Ol sre OO CIN Gl ERREUR 10 S 2 HOW TO daturm the DIO DG zutvcoasothtecur et ecu PM ep ve up PER coax PO ran et vr PE 10 5 3 Calibrating probe positions 2 nessoise Pian Pant doo trates apa RE acia Fata Fa fus 12 5 4 To change to another datumed probe position 13 6 0 Aligning your Parts eleeueeseeeeeeeenee nennen nnn nnn nn nnn nnn nnt 14 6 1 Example of traditional part alignment using a surface table straight edge ANG PINS c oeragetabinane deus 14 6 2 AllOnING parts USING a CUM set als ea see a ca rat 14 720 Alignment exampl65 5 ouuecvec uvtov obo obe ox uoo uo n uPvo uUo vou ob dor buo uou oso o sve Du US 15 8 0 Basic 3 2 1 2 Alignment eeseeeseeesee nien 18 9 0 Plane and two circles Alignment cesses 19 10 0 Aligning components using a cylinder 20 11 0 Drive shaft alignment along a shaft centre line 22 12 0 How accurate is your CMM eeeeeeseeeree ree nennen nnn nnn 24 13 0 S
47. elative to specified datum s essere 77 34 11 2 Maximum Material Condition esses sene 9 S MIB Eel hee ee eh E ket en a a et en ert 80 STA AEG POWE S een Rene ne ee ne ne Rn ne ee E Pea ee eee ee eer renee nee 82 390 CHANGE HIStONyY e ctc 83 SO OC 0HntacbBeltdlls EA A AE eei eet Ee AGE 83 1 0 Introduction to CMM measurement The goal of this training document is to show you by use of easy to understand examples how to set up the cmm and measure parts This training also helps you to get familiarized with Aberlink 3D general rules definitions and terms and show you how to apply these to your specific measurement problems These training notes contain some of the most important points to help support you during this training course these notes by no means replace the use of the Aberlink user manual In fact we highly recommend you read the user manual in addition to the completion of a successful training course as not all measurement capabilities of this software are covered in this document It is important that you take your own notes throughout this training course If you have any questions about this training kindly ask you always put these questions immediately and help contribute to the success of this training by your active participation 2 0 Preparation and general hints for solving measurement problems Before you start measuring with your CMM you must go through some
48. ents Dc mg en ie dis xs or enc ES ER acces d m gt l X 225 775 2 Y 369 956 s Z 001 008 Displaying the form of a Line or a Plane Aberlink SD Software Fie Edt f4eesurement Head ewe Of GUE si gt Fake Controller Etatus Exrea erar standstill Y Axis Sink 3d StopPragramFlag 3 24 X 8 772 1 34 8365 2 125612 18 gestart 2 5 a 3 f lflaberink 3D S Sycorirel Panel Cy Irepection Results ED 18 24 Now select the same feature again The outline of a single dimension leader line will appear on the screen and this can be positioned anywhere on the screen by moving the cursor When it is at a convenient position left click the mouse for a third time and the diameter will now appear on the screen I a f you wish to display the straightness of a line or the flatness of a plane on the main screen simply click on the feature twice like calling up the diameter of a circle then move the cursor to a convenient position on the screen before clicking for a third time to place the geometric tolerance Note that the Geometric Tolerance button must be switched on 53 26 0 Displaying a Feature as a Datum HITII C X sa lfa feature has previously been set AE gj Dg uk dg C b io mw ia m as a datum it can be shown on the main te screen by attaching ss a datum symbol to 2 that f
49. escribed as either the shortest distance between two points in space or as the perpendicular distance between a line or cylinder or plane and a point If the two features being dimensioned are not in the same plane then this will produce a three dimensional aligned dimension When selecting any two features the software will automatically default to producing a three dimensional aligned dimension Care must therefore be taken if the features are in different planes as the dimension produced may look like a two dimensional distance when shown in one of the two dimensional views 48 Now select the second feature to which you wish to dimension Again if correctly selected the second feature will also turn pink in all three views and the outline of some aligned dimension leader lines will appear Note If when trying to select the second feature you click on blank screen by mistake i e the second feature is not selected correctly the measurement will be aborted and the first feature that was selected will return to it s normal dark blue colour This can be a useful technique for aborting a measurement where the first feature has been selected in error berlink 3D Software Edit Measurement Custom Utilities Stylus oe X 448 069 a Y 046 080 Cee amp Pik Z 067 342
50. he ends of the second line The run out or perpendicularity will be the difference between these two values A Selecting the long line first B Selecting the short line first The first line selected in effect becomes the reference line for the measurement If you are measuring the distance between a long line and a short line it will be better to select the long line first 29 0 Dimensioning to a Cone A cone is a special case as when measuring to it it may be treated either as a line along it s axis or alternatively as a point at its apex Similarly its measured diameter has little meaning as all the measured points will be below the surface Therefore selecting the cone twice will not display its diameter as for circles spheres and cylinders but its included angle To measure the diameter of a cone at its end requires the construction of circle at the intersection of the cone with the plane forming its end 59 When bringing up dimensions to a cone the cone is treated either as a line or 72 Aberlink 3D Software Gr smuan ek EXE IEEE REI Es m a point depending on whether it is selected as the first or second feature If selected first the software will treat the cone as a line along its axis and produce a relevant dimension accordingly If however the cone is selected as the second feature the software will treat it as a point at its apex and again produce a relevant di
51. hen rapid at the pre travel height above the plane to a position above point 2 Approach 2 9 It will probe point 2 and come back up to the pre travel distance above the plane Final 2 represents the over travel distance past the point 5 It will then rapid at the pre travel height above the plane to a position above point 3 Approach 3 f It will probe point 3 and come back up to the pre travel distance above the plane Final 3 represents the over travel distance past the point 8 It will then rapid to the edge of the safe volume above point 3 rise position Rise Position In other words when measuring the points on the plane the probe never moves more than the pre travel distance above the plane So what happens if there is an obstruction in the middle of the plane between the points which the probe will crash into Obstruction in the way of a measuring plane The answer is that you will have to insert a Move Via into the measurement cycle for the plane Say for instance that points 1 and 2 are on the left hand side of the obstruction and point 3 is on the right hand side As the software would create the program the probe would crash into the obstruction after the first two points We must therefore insert a Move Via between point two Final 2 and the move to above point three Approach 3 that will take the probe up and over the obstruction There are three methods in which this can be done 32 16 1 Method One
52. ie TOS UNS iarsan unaenea 62 32 1 raphie Prit otssosbnsteiimistorstevetotelavobotelexs bota texo bote a buta eva ola bora buta 64 92 2 Idapulated UNIS ssesasciemDedtentOtuttea nequ n EM D DEM IN M EDAM P EIN MU ME 64 22 9 Tapuae DImienslor S eadeni ira Qva dfe miu utet atv in d 65 S2 d OIDnBIPOSITODSbets ette qtia E uidet ve oo qe P rog oa ul retos 66 92 9 Fedre TPrTOllG imd patimt A feuda ique ind fpi 67 32 0 Ml ple COMPONENTS isset aset nes aset a OR E SUE UEAR UE EP UR E USER OA 68 33 0 Geometrical tolerances summary eere eene 69 33 1 Introduction to Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing 69 33 2 Geometric Tolerancing in Aberlink seeeeeeeseessessss 70 34 0 Geometric Characteristic Symbols 71 4 2 AED Ve S Sut rua tassi malc Mist cR caua aoa CV CEDE A 72 94 5 ROUNGNESS OF CIFCUIaT IV or oo poc enero apt lebe Seton Ge pete opu oben bens 72 34 Oy OV lwelgsi Em 72 34 9 F alallellSttizssscus uua und mE UR EM Rut M IRR Isa Uu uten mU M epu MM pu RUE 13 Sd f AAMOUNAMILY assess tota estu cate nibetsinicin eh etale th eee NES E E I xU S cs siec eto e ct acak IPSE 13 AOS DOANE he oo umussei eismod epi S caastig sarang nies N 74 94 9 CONCCIUICILYwsaidsarsiccduadousnavsiouaawebauneausioumausboraauideuausdounandermaavavunt 74 SIUE T Otal RUNO U oM 14 Sd ar LTG POSON acios ea ted oue Oe e a 16 34 11 1 True Position r
53. ill appear will be Click OK to switch the air on automatically Another message will then be displayed on the screen Again click OK to engage the motor drives The following window will then be displayed on the screen Aberlink 3D Software xeu Dog B D bs ot GD wD se igo ABUS xj Initial Machine Zeroing Be seres H Please take all axis to their end stops in n 5 a positive direction At Fr X to the right Y to be ud i EN el the back Z upward ee J Ch While holding them oe FA on their end stops 1 x click the OK button 4 f a ETE N sua X 0 000mm 4 gt 0 Y 0 000mm Z 0 000mm X 330 458 Y 100 936 Z 180 510 Controler Status OK Aberlink 3d OK AU BU St Col R1 Machine State Each time that the machine is switched on before you can start to take measurements the machine has to be referenced This is so that each of the scales on the machine knows where it is with respect to the global error map To reference the machine click OK The machine will now move in a positive direction Z first upwards followed by X right and then Y back to find each axis reference mark When the machine has successfully referenced the above window will disappear Note that before clicking on OK you should make sure that the machine is on the negative side of each of the 3 reference marks Should you ever need to re reference the machine this can be done at any time afterwar
54. ils Current Measurement Unit 5 Measured Dimension Bm Circle True Position Identifier Mominal Dimension Dim Error Geometric Tolerance Tolerance Length Geometric Limit Display Layer Show Error E Datums fet Tf Tolerance Mormia Actual X 100 059 Y 10 000 D Efe T UJ aug DADO CI ee Between 6 amp 6 6 000 0 027 Select the datum s by using the drop down menu After you have selected the new datum the nominal will change to show the position from the new datum select datum B and click on the Add button Make sure that the nominal position of the hole is now relative to this datum When you now return to the main screen the true position will be displayed relative to datum B TT X 11 970 Y0 068 Z0 000 40 149 B Fig 17 0 8 True position of circle from datum B It is possible to select up to three datums relative to a true position X 10 332 Y6 045 70 000 40 149 CAB Fig 17 0 9 True position of circle from datum C A amp B The software will not automatically know the correct position for the circle and will have rounded the measured values to achieve a guess at it s position You must therefore check that the correct position values have been entered Right click on the green dimension line attached to the position information to bring up the dimension details window 78 P Dimension Details Curent Measurement Unit 5 Between B
55. ing prompt will appear Aberlink 3D In almost all cases it will be The safe volume is not up to date Do vau want iE Autoset now acceptable to automatically calculate the safe volume by clicking on Yes The default size of the safe volume is defined in the Machine Set Up Now the program will automatically move to the edge of the safe volume between measuring units to avoid crashing into the component Note that the safe volume can only be created around features that have been measured If your component has protrusions that are not 37 measured as part of the program you may need to adjust the safe volume to account for them The values of the safe volume are shown in the workpiece co ordinate window 17 4 Plunge and Rise moves from safe volume The position that the probe goes to prior to measuring a unit is known as the Plunge position This position will be directly above the feature being measured on the edge of the safe volume When it has finished measuring the feature it will also return to the edge of the safe volume This position is known as the Rise position Collectively the Plunge and the Rise are known as the Approaches for the measurement unit Having calculated the Safe Volume as described the software must now calculate the Plunge and Rise values for all measurement units The following prompt will appear CHC Help 1 Do you wish to calculate approaches for UNLOCKED units This will N
56. ion of a P C D This is how to construct a P C D made up of six circles Click on the Circle Measure button from the main window This brings up the Circle Measure window lej xi TI Aberlink 3D Software File Edit Measurement usto Utilities Stylus Help t ustom Dc BeBe Aberlink 3D Software Constructia Please choose one for the following construction options A N PCD Gauge circle of fixed diameter Sewo Bh AQ Nas Ww wv gt 2c KH won gt gt X 292 443mm Y 8 344mm Z 22 378mm Circle Measure o X 6 579 Y 8 594 7 10 648 Controler Status OK Aberlink 3d OK AO B S 1 C 1 R1 Machine State 15 18 Astart c e I ICN CMM 80 fy Aberlink3D Microsoft vis Bid aberink 3D Software Sr pcdi jpa Paint 3 Training Aberlink 3D Abos 15 19 This time rather than taking points using the your CMM click on Construct button The Circle Measure window will shrink down to a small box at the bottom of the screen Now click on one of the circles in the array The circle will turn pink and a prompt will appear on the screen Click on PCD then click on OK f Aberlink 3D Software Construction x and the prompt will disappear Now click on all the other circles in the array until they have all flashed pink Please choose one for the following construction options We now need to bring the circle
57. ithin the software by clicking on the User Definable Parameters Button top of the screen then clicking on the General Tab 24 set up Details Ref Ball CNC Offsets Units Display Feature Points Company Seneral Temperature C If you wish to compensate measurement Temperature deg C 20 results so that they correspond to say as if they were at 20 C enter the mean E ambient temperature here However Thermal Expansion Coefficient PPM you must now enter the material and thermal expansion coefficient for the component being measured below Material Stainless Steel 11 ppm Results Folder C1 Browse Probe Over Ride 2 Auta Point Capture Time Material As the Axiom structure is made from a single material Aluminium it will expand and contract uniformly with temperature It is therefore possible to compensate for the ambient temperature of the machine in the software providing that the material and thermal expansion co efficient for the material is known Select the material of the measured component from this list or alternatively select other and then enter the thermal co efficient in this box Ok Tech Thermal Expansion Coefficient ppm If you have selected other from the material list above then you must enter the thermal expansion coefficient in ppm for the material here If you have selected a specific material from the list above then it s expansion coeffi
58. los GLE SLU UK Drawing No ABC 123 OMerNe ___ ate__2 25 Jar Tile TestPiece SerialNo 1234 GRB Customer VIP Ltd maiera Amis Notes _ wee mene o o omona emma meme m 1 nm o ap Pine cm oswe Gam s 0 CL LLL LC LLL IL L L Lee wee mm a ea cmem emm e Fa oue sem mese eam E E wm I e200 awa eee eemnn semen mem 9 i me oof oo aoo ooo oof me COLO CC e we wee ease mem eae mm mreemnep wu a sans cnas oof oo 3 A cm lt i L E I mere Rene meme U EE EM i 4 j ri m DJ na aos ooo ooo aoo ooo ppp LE SS awe cae sasas Cem aa Se omese menm menm cemen mR mma m9 sam sem ooo aoo oo ooo I LL LC LC LC LC LLL SS e eno ere ejr sees sum seas ooo oo s ip o ee enm mem aaea wem mum xesam soas wm oomo aoo o xl bi SE eeoj emen em al 5 Page 1 1 Print d r T m m At 14 33 974 32 3 Tabulated Dimensions The dimensions that have been added to a part inspection can be printed in tabulated form This is often more useful than printing Tabulated Units as these dimensions should be the same as on the original component drawing When printing Tabulated Dimensi
59. lution are common to the axis of the datum feature Concentricity tolerance specifies a cylindrical tolerance zone whose axis coincides with the datum axis To display the concentricty of two circles click on the first and then click on the second outline of a leader line will appear Move the cursor to a convenient position on the screen where you would like to site the dimension and click for a third time The geometric tolerance will now appear on the screen 34 10 Total Runout Provides composite control of all surface elements The tolerance applied simultaneously to circular and longitudinal elements as the part is rotated 360 degrees Total runout controls cumulative variation of circularity cylindricity straightness coaxiality angularity taper and profile when it is applied to surfaces constructed around a datum axis When it is applied to surfaces constructed at right angles to a datum axis it controls cumulative variations of perpendicularity and flatness 714 In Aberlink 3D it s possible to display the Total Runout between two cylinders lines or between a cylinder line and a plane perpendicular to the cylinder The oylinder s surface must lie within the specified runout tolerance zone 0 001 full indicator movement when the part is rotated 360 about the datum axis anywhere along the cylinder s length
60. m Circle True Position 0 000 Identifier Mominal Dimension Dim Error Select datum C and click on the Add button Also make sure that the nominal position of the hole is now relative to this datum When you now return to the main screen the true position will now be displayed relative to datum C Geometric Tolerance Tolerance Length Geometric Limit Display Layer Show Errar E atums IF T 4 dd Clear Tolerance Mominal Actual X annon 30 000 Y 50 000 50 000 rj z 0 000 0 000 w MMC 56 f Aberlink 3D Software X5 998 Y10 398 20 000 10 204 It is possible to select up to three datums relative to a true position i Aberlink 3D Software Tol Print prints out measurement data either in tabular form or pictorially X5 998 Y10 398 70 000 0 204 A B C 57 27 3 Maximum Material Condition ae Dimension Details Current Measurement Unit 2 Between 3 amp 3 Measured Dimension 1050 1 mm Circle True Position 10 000 identifier Nominal Dimension Dim Error Geometric Tolerance Tolerance Length Geometric Limit Display Layer Show Errar gE Datums Tolerance Nominal Actual 30 000 30 000 M snonn snonn M ooa 0 000 lv Center C Min Ma OK LA Y l Aberlink 3D Software File Edit Measurement Custom Utilities Stylus eed DG HE SID ko Fw woe cf m i X5 998 Y10 398 20 000 eAJBIC ES euer GUE SE
61. m dia ball The width is only used for star stylus from the centre This window shows selected probe of the shaft to centre of the positions before they are calibrated ball A Axis B Axis Star Rack p o Ii li Program Clear Edit Add Start Refresh Stop open Save As Retake Clear Ok A Axis 0 B Axis 0 Star Card 1 Rack 1 Na Points 0 The top of the window is split into three sections which you can use to select the stylus direction probe head angle and which module from the stylus rack you wish to use 1 The Probe Stylus Icon is used to select which ball is being datummed if a star stylus is used 2 The two slider bars are used to select the probe head position A and B axes only relevant for an indexible probe The horizontal bar at the top selects B axis position and the vertical bar at the bottom selects A axis position Click on move to to index head 3 The Stylus Rack Position selector 1 6 which is only relevant if an auto change rack is fitted to a CNC machine and will default to position 1 If you are using a star stylus you will need to click on the relevant ball position within the Probe Stylus Icon If you are using an indexible probe head for example PH10T use the two slider bars to select the probe head position that you want to datum The 11 horizontal bar at the top selects B axis position and the vertical bar at the bottom selects A axis position This can also be
62. measurements will have little or no significance X 448 030 Y 045 993 o Z 4067 341 A horizontal or vertical dimension can also be described between two lines or two planes but in this case the dimension will attach to the mid point of the first line or plane selected only and give their separation in the direction perpendicular to this line or plane When selecting two points or circles or spheres to dimension between or a line and a point or equivalent the software will automatically default to producing a 3D aligned dimension A horizontal or vertical dimension must be defined as follows oelect the features between which you wish to dimension as for aligned dimensions in section 23 2 above The features will turn pink and the outline of some aligned dimension leader lines will appear Now before positioning the dimension right click the mouse which will bring up the Dimension Type window Select horizontal or vertical as required When the software returns to the main screen the outline of the dimension leader lines now showing the horizontal or vertical dimension as selected These leader lines can be positioned at any length on either side of the features as for aligned dimensions by moving the cursor on the screen When they are at a convenient position click the mouse for a third time and the dimension will now appear on the screen 24 0 Angular Dimensions 24 1 3D Dimen
63. mension accordingly 60 30 0 Setting Nominal Values and Tolerances for Dimensions When printing out inspection reports using Tabulated Dimensions it is possible to print out nominal values and hence measured error and tolerance bands and hence pass fail statements If no nominal value has been set for a dimension then the software will use the measured value rounded to the precision defined in the Machine set up Here it is also possible to set the default tolerance If however you wish to set a nominal value or tolerance band other than that defaulted to this can be done by right mouse clicking on the relevant dimension This will bring up the dimension details window as follows E E Dimension Details Current Measurement Unit 2 Between3 amp 3 Measured Dimension Imm Circle Trua Position 1 0 000 Identifier Nominal Dimension Dim Error Geometric Tolerance Tolerance Length Geometric Limit Display Layer Show Error nm Datums Hmm fa Add Clear Tolerance Nominal Actual X 30 000 30 000 i Y 50 000 50000 w z ooo mono M MMC D Now the nominal dimension and tolerances can be set by simply typing over the default values that the software has selected Note also that if the measured dimension falls outside of the tolerance band then the background of the measured dimension value will become red When you OK this window and return to the main screen the
64. mponent when it is placed on the table Usually this will be done using one plane one line and one circle or point However if these features do not exist on your component other alternatives are available 2 Measure the reference features as close to the start of your program as possible When running a program the exact position and orientation of a component will not be defined until all the reference features have been measured 3 Choose reference features that are easy to measure for example large planes edges or holes rather than important features that are perhaps defined as datums on the drawing Remember setting a feature as a datum is totally different to setting it as a reference reference features are simply used to define the position and alignment of the component 4 Once you click on the Play button it is not possible to modify or change your reference features So once you have measured your reference features at the start of the program do not touch them again It is worth noting before finishing this chapter that cylinders and cones when referenced will define four degrees of freedom Take a cylinder that has been referenced to define the X axis of the component Z The axis of the cylinder defines both the rotations about and the translations along the Y and Z axes This can be a useful technique for defining the orientation and position for turned components 17 8 0 Basic 3 2 1 2 Alignment To measure
65. n now create a centre line by constructing a line between these two circles We can then align the Y axis of the CMM to the centre line of the shaft This is our Primary Alignment To construct this line click on the Measure Line Button when the measure line window opens click on the Construct Button then select one of the circles by left clicking on it in the graphic window You will now see a window which asks you if you want to construct a line between two points Click Yes select the other circle in the same way by left hand clicking on it in the graphic window you now have a Constructed line Press the Set Ref button and then click OK this aligns the Y axis along the constructed line 22 If the shaft has any cross holes keyways or flats these can be aligned to one of the other axis often referred to Secondary Alignment or Timing To do a secondary alignment using a cross hole measure the cross hole as a cylinder press the Set Ref button click OK this will align either Z or X axis to the centre of the cylinder X Axis Y Axis To do a secondary alignment using a keyway or flat measure the bottom of the keyway or flat as a plane press the Set Ref button click OK this will align either Z or X axis to a line 90 deg to the plane If you use a plane as a alignment feature to axis is aligned at 90 deg to the plane The component is now aligned true to the centre line of the
66. n the Add to Report button the dimensions that are displayed on the main screen will be added to the report This will continue until the Clear Report button is clicked 32 4 Point Positions This is a specialised report for printing the position and size of circles or any other feature that can be likened to a point For instance when measuring 2000 holes on a PCB this report allows the size and position of the holes to be printed out without the requirement to call up dimensions to them all 66 Print Preview x Avening Mill AB E R LI N K Ltd z m cem SLU Uk Drawing No ABC 123 OrderNo Date 2 an Tile Test Piece Serial No 81234 Customer VIP Ltd Material Aluminium Notes cimension xpo v o oz Evo Vector vor Dimension E oz Eme Vector no T owema Rap owo oo Nominal aeo ooo 9 Travel ame e aem Ama caew0 0sm ooo LL few e 1 1L IL L L LLL v A ee Pini X E Ore vesc a Deviation Result Dimension X Nominal Y Y T o Eeme 7 1 L IL L L LCL L L L E O e Pme 3 Y E reme Vedere a Tres i Actual Deviation Result Actual Deviation Result IL LL L CL I L qp cx oweevesem Pme E ree Vedere sar aoar oo mem m eme om aor aoar ow saa ooo ame om
67. nd set this as a reference The software will automatically determine that the hole is in the XY plane by looking at the direction of motion of the probe Setting this circle as a reference will set the centre of the circle to X20 Y 0 and define the last outstanding degree of freedom translation in X The position and alignment of the block will now be fully defined Note that a plane a line and a circle are the most common features used to fully define a component Only one reference of each type can be set however and it is recommended that when creating a program when you set a feature as a reference it is not changed half way through If the component being measured does not include these features other common features can be used as references these are as follows 15 1 No straight edge for alignment 1 Measure circle Set Ref 2 Measure circle OK 3 Construct line Set Ref 2 No Suitable Hole 2 Measure line OK 3 Construct point Set 1 Measure line Set Ref In summary the six degrees of freedom for a component are usually fully defined by referencing a plane a line and a circle or point Different features when referenced will define various degrees of freedom and this was more fully discussed at the beginning of this chapter 16 The golden rules for choosing reference features are as follows 1 References must be selected that fully define all six degrees of freedom for a co
68. nd the A and B angles of the probe must be the same before measuring anything 13 6 0 Aligning your Parts 6 1 Example of traditional part alignment using a surface table straight edge and pins When you place a part on a surface table you are aligning the bottom face of that part true to the top of the surface table you can still move the part about in the X Y plane and rotated about the Z axis but you can not move it up and down in the Z axis and rotate it around the X or Y axis this is called a primary alignment If you then push the part up to a straight edge fixed to the surface table this will stop any rotation about the Z axis as well as any movement along the Y axis Now you can only slide the part along the X axis This is called a secondary alignment If you now slide the part along the X axis up to a pin in the surface table the part is now fixed in all six degrees of freedom It cannot move or be rotated in X Y or Z Linear in x direction Rotation around x axis Rotation around y axis Rotation around z axis 6 2 Aligning parts using a CMM When using a CMM to inspect a component it is not necessary to physically align the component to the axes of the machine By measuring specific features on the component and setting them as references you will be able to use the computer to define the orientation of the axes and position of the component This is important when measuring 2 dimensional shapes for example li
69. nes and circles or points as the software will project the measurement points into a plane which must be fully defined Also the alignment of the component must be properly defined in order to produce meaningful horizontal and vertical dimensions on the screen 14 7 0 Alignment examples When you place the component on to the table of the machine it has six degrees of freedom which will need to be defined in order to fully define the alignment and position of the component Namely these are translation along and rotation about each of the three axes Depending on what measurements you wish to perform not all of these degrees of freedom will necessarily have to be defined Take for example a cube with a hole in the top and front faces Measure a plane on the top face of the cube and set it as a reference This defines the XY plane for the cube and also a Z zero position In effect it defines three of the degrees of freedom which are rotations about X and Y and also translation in Z Next measure a line along the front edge of the cube and set it as a reference This now defines the XZ plane for the cube and also a Y zero position In effect this line defines a further two of the degrees of freedom which are rotation about the Z axis and also translation in Y Note that this line will now be used to define the plane if the hole in the front face is now measured as a circle Now measure the hole in the top face of the cube as a circle a
70. ntered Right click on the green dimension line attached to the position information to bring up the dimension details window The position of the circle is at the bottom of the details section If you change these nominal values the true position value will change accordingly Note 55 that these values are relative to the datum position on the component being measured 27 2 True Position relative to specified datum s p ee Dimension Details Current Measurement Unt 2 Between3 x 3 Measured Dimension Identifier Mominal Dimension Dim Error Geometric Tolerance Tolerance Length Geometric Limit Display Layer Show Error L aturns I T Te s s cear mm Circle True Position 0 000 If the true position that you are measuring is relative to some other point on the component other than that which has been set as 0 0 0 then it is possible to show it relative to other specified datums For instance if you have chosen a large hole as the reference because it is an easy feature to measure automatically but need to show the true position of a hole relative to a smaller hole specified as datum C then this can also be done in Tolerance the dimension details window Nominal Actual X 30 000 30000 w Y 50 000 4 50 000 iv z looo nonn M MMC D C ante C Mr C has JK Ell S Curent Measurement Unit 2 Between 3 amp 3 ee Dimension Details Measured Dimension Orn
71. on reports it is possible to select what information is printed in the report using the check boxes in the Print window Note Unless you have typed in the value of the nominal and tolerance for each dimension the nominal values shown will be the measured values rounded to the rounding tolerance given in the Machine Set Up and all tolerances applied will be the default 65 ABERLINK Ltd Avenind Glos GLE SLU UK Rm awing No ABC 123 OrderNo Dae Title Test Piece Serial No 1234 Customer VIP Ltd Material Aluminium Notes a Gexwretieae Lem ww Upper Lower Facetar act eed sooj sase om ss 020 sasea ron 0 002 0080 Poms arm between Line alme saoo 3ism oosa aaan0 33900 pes ose 0 200 vem inbetween Cree erd Une irem 16978 omea iravo 16900 pos sd lnm between Cree onde 8 000 14999 n00s 15 00 9 roms a from ine Rum Srorwe svwre oor s0100 cmm e emere eem noo aor iim now s ooo 0080 Tem wem eu owowa rors azo oroo eooo pes woo aoso vem Do 7 Note that both dimensions and geometric tolerances can be toleranced and hence both have separate pass fail statements where applicable It is possible to add the dimensions from more than one inspection to a Tabulated Dimensions report which is why the Clear Report and Add to Report buttons appear on the Print window Every time you click o
72. onent eg above the corner of the block then you will now have to modify the values accordingly The Measure button will automatically calculate the WPC from the reference features that have been measured in the current inspection In effect this button will perform the same calculation as the calculation performed when prompted to automatically calculate it when running a program for the first time It assumes that the component has not been moved since the last time it was measured 40 19 0 Setting rotations with WPC Offsets Offset Tools 1 X 5sooo0 Y 450 000 Z 0 000 Gnd Spacing Quantity Set the zero in the centre of the 7 Measure Teach ae X maoo fe large circle by placing the probe v Measure This Component z Rotation v 100 000 5 j j Y Rotati in the centre of the large circle WORKER end SUED T X70 Y 0 then press the x 379802 w 40013 Z Nz Teach button x 58 993 Y H36 031 Z 20 997 Measure To set rotations with WPC find a feature like this small circle X 50 Y 0 which has either the X or Y axis running through it For this move the probe along the x axis but do not move it in Y until it s in the centre of the small circle right hand click on the Teach Button and select from the drop down menu the Z Rotation option this will turn the co ordinate system around Z axis and align the X axis through the centre of the two circles 1 Set the zero in the centre of the l
73. place the parts on the table square to the machine axis system e f you have positioned the ball away from the datum on the component eg above the corner of the block then you will have to modify the values accordingly by deducting half the diameter of the ball 19 2 Setting Multiple Workpiece Co ordinates multiple components To the left of the WPC values are two black arrows and a number initially 1 If you click on the upper black arrow the number will change to 2 and the offset values for X Y and Z will be refreshed You can now set the WPC for a second component in exactly the same manner as for the first component as described above As long as you tick the Measure this Component box for item 2 the program will automatically run both components when you run it You can continue to set as many workpiece co ordinates as you like and control which positions are run using the Measure this component tick box 20 0 Automatically setting work offsets for a grid of components If you are using a fixture that holds a grid of components at a regular spacing then it is not necessary to set the WPC for each component Simply set the WPC for position 1 and then use the Grid section to define the spacing and quantity of components in both the X and Y directions For example if you had a fixture that held 20 components in a 4 x 5 grid with the X spacing at 130mm and the Y spacing at 100mm then fill in the grid details as follow
74. s 42 Offset Tools XLssnooo 450000 ZZ o n00 Grid Spacing Quantity Measure Teach Clear Y 430 iw hleasure This Component Apply v hoo 870s Be Wark Plece valume Run Out 0 000000 Teach 37382 v 400033 7 NZ 4 58 993 4136 03 4 20 987 wn Measure Now when you click on the Set button the other 19 work offsets will automatically be filled in relative to position 1 and their Measure this Component boxes will be ticked in the WPC window At the bottom of the WPC is a graphic showing the offsets as they would be spaced out on the cmm table the current work piece offset is always shown with a circle around it Note that if you don t have a full fixture of components you can control which positions are run by un ticking the relevant Measure this Component box 43 Work Piece volume wo 37 882 wi l 40013 7 NZ Offset Tools rid spacing Quantity 3 X o oo 20 W Measure This Component Apply Yx 0 000 1 450 993 436 031 Z 20 997 Measure Run Qut 0 000000 Teach 21 0 Bringing up dimensions on the screen D Aberlink 3D Software File Edit Measurement Custom Utilities Stylus D eS H B amp by gt E a 2 e dxf amp Coordinate display to zero a read out click on the panel this has no effect on measurements or referances 29 309 14 985 211976 T0 004 170 001 16 992 IOTO 016
75. s position into the Move Via line When the following prompt appears you can click either yes or no If you click Yes the X Y Z position of the joystick will be automatically entered into the Move Via line If you click No the procedure will be aborted Over Write e Lx w 35 The Move Via position will now be added All you need to do now is click the OK button MB ONT click Points Taken Plane Position Template from i 0000 measured aen Points or 3 J 0 000 Template from k 1 000 Details Given D 0 000 as these buttons will cause the probe Datum fO s amp CP as gt path to be X 244 221 Y 392 911 2 426 742 e 0 000 a en recalculated Retake Clear Cancel Plane Construct Ref Set Ok M Points Fit Flare Ternigiate Probe Plunge vector mie pre n Corner 1 Camer2 Corner 3 now move aS x 14382 14383 14 103 Pre travel 2 000 L TT follows It will v 16814 fesse 2 556 0 MM FW z foooo foooo ooo take points 1 and Probe Head 2 staying at the Mn Fons pre travel height Fos Meg x Y Z Feed Cx Ey cz ti tj z above the plane Plunge R 14371 14926 241996 4500 0 l Approach 4 R 144 271 14926 3 998 5000 It will then move Final 1 P 44374 14826 3004 50 to the inserted Approach 2 R 14372 8544 3 998 s5000 Mon Final 2 Fl 44972 8544 3 004 5 0 position above Move Via R 0934 8684 19 810 500 Approach 3 R 14 1
76. shaft Primary alignment with the Z or X axis going through the cross hole or at 90 deg to the flats secondary alignment with the X Y Z axes zeroed in the centre of the shaft at the front end Notes 23 12 0 How accurate is your CMM Your CMM is a very accurate instrument Paper Clip 004m and in the right circumstance your CMM is capable of measuring down to Straight Pin 500m just a few microns this is a very small numan Hir measurement So how small is a UPJ2 Wire 20um micron Well here is the Red Blood Cell Byim answer A micron short for micrometre is a unit lum of measurement equal to one millionth of a metre A micron is actually 0 000001 of a metre or 0 000039 of an inch EDGE Micro Electrode Bum How big is a Micron To give you an idea of what we are talking about here the space at the end of this sentence is about 397 microns The eye of a needle is usually elongated but is 749 microns wide A human hair is 40 to 120 microns in diameter A postage stamp is more than 25 000 microns long Because we are measuring to such a high accuracy where the machine is housed and the environment is very important and can have a significant effect on the measured result If the temperature is too high the parts will expand or if the temperature low the parts will shrink by different amounts depending on the material they are made from aS Aberlink 3D can compensate for this w
77. sional Angles Angular dimensions may be created between two lines or equivalent or two planes or between a line and a plane Any combination of these features will create an included angle which may be dimensioned irrespective of the alignment of the component As with aligned dimensions if the features are not in the same plane the angle created will be three dimensional Select the features between which you wish to dimension the features will again turn pink if correctly selected The software may now default either to an 51 angular dimension or an aligned dimension depending on what the angle between the features is and the outline of the appropriate dimension leader lines will appear on the screen If the software has correctly selected an angle dimension the leader lines can be positioned at any length in any quadrant of the angle by moving the cursor on the screen When they are at a convenient position click for a third time and the dimension will now appear on the screen OEN If however the O e we ae 5 k eei na n a mmm Software selected an aligned linear dimension you must use the right mouse button to bring up the Dimension Type menu prior to positioning the dimension oelect 3D Angular Dimension When the software returns to the main screen the outline of the angular dimension leader lines will now be showing a 3D angle You can now position the dimension as previously described
78. st thing we are going to do is to align the Y axis of the CMM to a constructed line between the two circles This is done by clicking on the Measure Line Button When the measure line window opens click on the Construct Button then select the circle 1 by left clicking on it in the graphic window You will now see a window which asks you if you want to construct a line between two points click YES Select the other circle in the same way by left clicking on it in the graphic window You now have a constructed line Press the Set Ref button and then click OK This will align the Y axis along the constructed line This will become our Secondary Alignment 10 0 Aligning components using a cylinder To measure a flange type component i K SS NN Z Axis 1 Place the part on the table with the 100mm diameter facing up amp two of the 10 5 mm holes aligned along the Y axis of the cmm 2 Measure the 100 mm O D as a cylinder by clicking on the Cylinder Measure Button Icon with the left hand mouse button LHMB When the Cylinder Measure window opens take four points at the top of the cylinder in a circle and four points around the bottom of the cylinder Press the Set Ref button and then click OK The Z axis is now aligned to the centre line of the cylinder 3 Measure a plane on the end of the 100 mm cylinder by left clicking the Plane Button When the measure plane window opens take four poin
79. tep by step guide for measuring a circle 26 14 0 Step by step guide for construction of an intersection point 27 15 0 Step by step guide for construction of a P C D 30 16 0 Inserting A Move Via Into A Measuring Routine 32 16 4 ITU NOG OTIO gate tata neta cae clas Re dada aaa ede la re ene ele Dl eet a 33 TE A Method NR o 33 16 9 Me lhiod THES cscscesiin Poss Om a oma Li bi Sees tees Docs ORI DeL DUM Cod Un 34 17 0 Creating and running a CNC Programme general notes 36 T Teach and Repeal cuuionvise ovo vr voe VOR Dvd Od YS VU Dv vena a Vp dvo E UDo d uA 36 14 2 ON LINE FOGram imine x aavearn arian ans A 36 17 9 S60 Sale VolulTiG i cancesdiaeesros ude soctacesawaseeswunssasauies star aseesterateeiteck 37 17 4 Plunge and Rise moves from safe volume 38 18 0 The Work Piece Co ordinate WPC or Work off set 39 19 0 Setting rotations with WPC eessee eee ree een 41 19 1 Problems you can have with WPC eeeeeeeeeeeeeee 41 19 2 Setting Multiple Workpiece Co ordinates multiple components 42 20 0 Automatically setting work offsets for a grid of components 42 21 0 Bringing up dimensions on the screen 44 22
80. the Aberlink 3D software will collect all the measured data for the entire batch These values can be printed out in a single report using this option Note that any dimensions out of tolerance will be shown in red 68 33 0 Geometrical tolerances summary 33 1 Introduction to Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing GD amp T is a universal language of symbols much like the international system of road signs that advise drivers how to navigate the roads GD amp T symbols allow a Design Engineer to precisely and logically describe part features in a way they can be accurately manufactured and inspected GD amp T is expressed in the feature control frame Figure 1 The feature control frame is like a basic sentence that can be read from left to right For example the feature control frame illustrated would read The 5 mm square shape 1 is controlled with an all around 2 profile tolerance 3 of 0 05 mm 4 in relationship to primary datum A 5 and secondary datum B 6 The shape and tolerance determine the limits of production variability Fig 1 There are seven shapes called geometric elements used to define a part and its features The shapes are point line plane circle cylinder cone and sphere There are also certain geometric characteristics that determine the condition of parts and the relationship of features These geometric symbols are similar to the symbols used on maps to indi
81. ts on the top of the 100mm cylinder Do not press the Set Ref button This plane will be used as a working plane to project the circle into Then click OK 20 Y Axis X Axis 4 Next we are going to construct a datum at the point where the cylinder meets the plane This is the XY datum centre of the cylinder and the Z datum on the top plane Click on the Measure Point Button When the measure point window opens click on the Construct Button then select the plane by left hand clicking on it in the graphic window You will now see a window asking you if you want to construct an intersection point Click YES and select the cylinder by left hand clicking it in the graphic window You have now constructed a point Press the Set Ref button and then click OK this zeros X Y and Z axes 5 The last thing we need to do is to align the Y axis through one of the 10mm holes Click on the Measure Circle Button When the measure circle window opens take four points in the 10mm hole at the 12 o clock position Click OK you now have a 10mm circle in our working plane We are now going to align the Y axis of the CMM toa constructed line between the datum point and the 10mm hole Click on the Measure Line Button When the measure line window opens click on the Construct Button then select the datum point by left clicking on it in the graphic window You will now see a window which asks you if you
82. uce a move at the default probing speed in the directions as detailed below If the probe does not take a point within 10mm of the measurement direction it will retreat to its previous position Button 3 Will travel in positive Z upwards until the probe is triggered Button 4 Will travel in negative Z downwards until the probe is triggered Button 1 Is a hat switch Moving the switch to the left and right moves the machine in the X and X direction Moving the switch forwards and backwards moves the machine in the Y and Y direction The hat switch also allows for probing at 45 in the XY plane 4 3 Indexing the Probe Buttons 5 8 can be used for indexing the probe head position in place of the four little black arrows adjacent to the Probe Datum Button in the top left hand corner of the main software screen Each button will index the probe to the next datumed position either with a higher A value This function will also need a Or with a lower A value shift button to prevent Or with a higher B value accidental probe indexes or with a lower B value You can press one button repeatedly to cursor through all the datumed positions or you can use a combination of buttons to take the most direct way 8 to get to the required position As soon as you pause for more than two seconds the probe head will automatically index to that position and you will have to wait until the index is completed to select an alternati
83. umber of points around the reference ball 12 Aberlink 3D Software Help X e Do vou wish to clear the old offsets this should be done if the PC has been switched off Yes Moa 4 On the fifth point this message will appear if you click yes all offsets will be cleared leaving the recently calibrated offset If you select No then the new position will be added or if it already exists it will be updated You can repeat this process until all the required probe positions have been datumed and then click OK This brings you back to the Main Screen If successful the calibrated probe positions will appear as lines in the stylus data window and the indicator button will turn red for calibrated probes positions with the green indicator button showing which of the calibrated probes the current one is When the machine has finished calibrating the probes it will return to where it started 5 4 To change to another datumed probe position Left hand click on the Probe status window and then left hand click on the probe position you want in the calibrated probe window The red dot will turn green this shows the probe position has been selected Click on OK An automatic probe head will then move to the correct A and B angles With a manual indexible head a window will appear telling you to manually change the A and B Angles on a manual probe head The A and B angles shown in the software a
84. ve position 4 4 Locking the Axes Any of the machine axes can be locked as follows X Axis Press down button 8 Y Axis Press down button 10 Z Axis Press down button 12 Repeat the sequence to unlock each axis When an axis is locked the corresponding readout will appear in red 4 5 The Speed Control The speed control is located in the base of the joystick as shown in the figure above When the control knob is towards the operator the speed is minimum and away from the operator is maximum The default settings for this control are 10 speed at minimum and 100 at maximum although these values can also be changed in the Machine Set Up This feature can also be used during program playback and when calibrating probes as a feed override 4 6 The Trigger Button The trigger button is located on the front of the joystick This can be used for entering the machine s current position into a Move Via command 5 0 Probe Calibration 5 1 Background When using the Aberlink 3D software to inspect a component the software must know the relative position and diameter of the stylus ball being used This is achieved by using the probe stylus ball to measure the reference ball mounted on the granite table As the size and position of the reference ball are known this measurement is used to determine the size and relative position of the stylus ball This information is stored as three position offsets X Y and Z and a diameter O

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