ENVIRONMENTAL SOFTWARE PROGRAMS
Contents
1. Tactical Oceanographic Acoustic Spreadsheet TOAS Edit Orbital Element Set EDORD data Orbital Satellite Prediction ORBSAT Geostationary Satellite GSAT Prediction TESS NEXT CENTURY NC TRANSITION The TESS Next Century NC Transition was released as an interim system to fill the void between TESS 3 and the full deployment of TESS Next Century As discussed in chapter 1 significant changes to TESS were introduced with this system with Internet access being the most important advantage In addition to Internet access the TESS NC Transition includes a wide variety of commercial and government software programs Commercial software programs include the Windows NT operating system Microsoft Office and commercial web browsers Government software includes the Joint METOC Viewer JMV the Electro Optical Tactical Decision Aid EOTDA and SMOOS interface software In addition several of the environmental programs in MIDDS are installed with the TESS NC Transition TESS NEXT CENTURY TESS Next Century TESS NC retains several of the same software packages as the TESS NC Transition system As of this writing the total complement of software programs has not been fully developed TESS NC operates using the Windows NT Server and Workstation Operating System and maintains SMOOS 2 11 PROGRAM APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS Provides noise predictions Corrects for local seasonal2. Radiological Fallout RADFO Model Meteorological Ballistic METBAL Winds and Densities Model Multivariable Optimal Interpolation MVOI Model Radiosonde Initial Analysis RIA Model High Frequency HF Maximum Usable Frequency MUF Model High Frequency HF Lowest Usable Frequency LUF Model Forward Looking Infrared FLIR Range Prediction System Model Chaff Trajectory CHATRA Function Model Chaff Corridor Density CCD Model Chaff Dispersion CHADIS and Density Model Solar Lunar Almanac Program SLAP Model 2 2 Table 2 2 OAML Data Bases Geophysical Data Base Ocean Floor Depth Digital Bathymetric Data Base Variable Resolution DBDB V Icecap Data Base Ocean Floor Depth Digital Bathymetric Data Base One Half Minute Resolution DBDB 0 5 High Frequency Bottom Loss HFBL Data Base Low Frequency Bottom Loss LFBL Data Base Generalized Digital Environmental Model GDEM Data Base Shipping Noise SN Data Base Wind And Residual Noise WRN Data Base Historical Temporal Shipping HITS Data Base GDEM Province Subset GDEMPS Data Base Volume Scattering Strength VSS Data Base Vertical Line Array DIFAR VLAD Noise Gain Data Base GEOPHYSICS FLEET MISSION PROGRAM LIBRARY GFMPL LEARNING OBJECTIVES Recognize how the Geophysics Fleet Mission Program Library GFMPL relates to the environmental
3. a k f l hal ame AFER RN ape n a A AA Tut SARE WAND Figure 2 5 Example of a surface pressure analysis from JMV OPTIMUM PATH AIRCRAFT ROUTING SYSTEM OPARS LEARNING OBJECTIVES Identify the purpose of the Optimum Path Aircraft Routing System OPARS Recognize the OPARS subsystems Describe the information required to process OPARS flight plans Identify the publication that outlines OPARS processing procedures The Optimum Path Aircraft Routing System OPARS is a computer program that selects the best optimum route and altitude for an aircraft to reach a destination The primary purpose of OPARS is to provide a flight planning service to the Naval Aviation 2 17 community that minimizes time enroute and fuel consumption The system combines the latest environmental data with the most fuel efficient flight profile for a specific aircraft and then produces a customized flight plan for the pilot An OPARS flight plan acts as a preflight planning aid that serves as a supplement to the DD Form 175 1 Military Flight Weather Brief OPARS users connect with the host system at FNMOC via computer modem OPARS SUBSYSTEMS OPARS is comprised of three sub systems briefly described as follows e OPARS User Interface Provides a communications interface for the OPARS user to generate and submit OPARS requests This is primarily accomplished at remote PC terminals or workstations suc
4. reflection the emitter is on and operating at the emitter is on and operating at peak power Accounts for ducting No significant considerations Does not account for horizontal changes in refractivity Valid only for signals between 100 MHz and land clutter Accounts for ducting Does not account for horizontal land clutter Accounts for ducting Does not account for horizontal changes in refractivity Accounts for ducting Requires accurate refractiviy data Maximum range limited to 541 nmi Valid only for signals between 100 MHz and 20 GHz Assumes peak power Accounts for ducting Maximum range limited to 541 nmi Valid only for signals between 100 MHz and 20 GHz Assumes Table 2 3 TESS 3 Environmental Programs Continued PROGRAM APPLICATION Electronic countermeasure ECM Effectiveness Display Forward Looking Infrared FLIR System Prediction Laser Range Prediction LRP Ocean Environmental File OEF Sound Speed Profile SSP Generator Ocean Data Analysis ODA Measures airborne jammer effectiveness against surface based victim radars Determines optimum locations and flight paths of attacking aircraft Aids in the planning of chaff usage in tactical air strike missions and shipboard defense Displays chaff frequency response optimum chaff corridors and recommendatio
5. analysis and prediction systems in use Identify the different versions of GFMPL and associated publications Describe the functions of GFMPL Identify the major environmental software programs of GFMPL The Geophysics Fleet Mission Program Library GFMPL is a collection of atmospheric and oceanographic software applications similar to OAML It provides meteorological electromagnetic oceanographic hazard avoidance and acoustic software for fleet air surface amphibious and undersea warfare USW operations Other than being a collection of software GFMPL is also a program sponsored and directed by the Commander Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command CNMOC OCEAN DATA BASES METEOROLOGICAL DATA BASES Surface Marine Gridded Climatology SMGC Data Base Upper Air Gridded Climatology UAGC Data Base Global Tropical Cyclone Tracks GTCT Data base Northern Hemisphere Extratropical Cyclone Tracks NHECT Data Base Historical Electromagnetic Propagation Conditions HEPC Data Base to collect evaluate and incorporate new software developments for any meteorological or oceanographic application Basic guidance on the software evaluation program is contained in NAVMETOCCOMINST 5232 1 Geophysics Fleet Mission Program Library GFMPL GFMPL contains software designed for use on many different types of desktop computer systems including TESS IMOSS and MIDDS Currently there are
6. basis Not applied to air to air cases No significant considerations Cautionary use of product with no BT data that extends below 200 m May contain a maximum of 1 000 observations Approximately 500 observations can be stored on a floppy disk A specific area ranging from 0 1 to 20 square can be analyzed Analysis can be performed on a maximum of 50 BT observations at a time Table 2 3 TESS 3 Environmental Programs Continued Naval Search and Rescue NAVSAR Surf Forecasting SURF Passive Acoustic Propagation Loss PPL Generalized Range dependent Acoustic Driver GENRAD Sensor Performance Predictions SPP Graphically displays the interaction between the environment and the sound energy propagating through it Traces and displays paths of individual sound rays Forecasts tidal heights for any location for which observed tide data is available Provides search assistance by assessing the probability of the search object location Recommends specific search plans Provides predictions of surf conditions as ocean waves move from deep water through the surf zone and onto shore Modified Surf Index MSI is also calculated Calculates transmission loss as a function of range frequency source depth and receiver depth These calculations are used to predict USW sensor system performance _ Aids the use of the Navy Standard range dependent passive prop
7. coverage diagrams can also be produced Oceanography This option contains programs such as the Tidal Prediction and Analysis TIDES Surf Forecasting SURF and Beach Survey Chart BSC The BSC program allows for the creation display and editing of a digital beach chart as surveyed by Special Forces personnel e Acoustic The Acoustic option contains the Generic Acoustic Prediction GAP program and the Tactical Oceanographic Acoustic Spreadsheet TOAS program GAP is used to produce horizontal contours of ocean temperature sound speed and salinity It also provides acoustic raytrace diagrams and propagation loss curves TOAS computes active and passive USW range predictions by using operator input data and a sensor platform data base Hazard Avoidance This option contains the Naval Search and Rescue NAVSAR program and the Tropical Cyclone program NAVSAR provides information and planning assistance for search and rescue incidents at sea such as search probability maps fig 2 1 The Tropical Cyclone program tracks tropical cyclone movements and conditions on an operator specified map Input data is provided by tropical cyclone messages Utilities The Utility option contains a map utility function that provides the user with a geographical map These maps are available in different projections The utilities option also provides a briefing support tool only with GFMPL NT REVIEW QUESTIONS Q3 What is the p
8. detection of threat force platforms Platform and sensor data base parameters can be modified as necessary both acoustic and atmospheric Output is provided in either spreadsheet graphical or tabular format Data File Maintenance This function provides the capability to create maintain and or delete data files This function also ensures the integrity of the data files and provides adequate safeguards for any classified information in the files GFMPL PROGRAMS There are numerous environmental software programs available from GFMPL and each version comes loaded with a different suite of programs The environmental programs provided with GFMPL NT can be divided into seven broad categories which are summarized below e Environment This option contains general programs such as Historical Electromagnetic Propagation Conditions HEPC and Propagation Conditions Summary PCS It also contains an ocean Sound Speed Profile SSP program Meteorology tThis option contains programs that calculate pressure altitude and density altitude data wind chill and heat stress values and astronomical data sunrise lunar illumination civil twilight etc e Electromagnetics This option contains programs that predict radar performance and calculate radar ranges Electromagnetic programs include surface search radar range predictions and electronic countermeasure effectiveness displays Electromagnetic path loss curves and radar
9. loss models Provides a means to position on scene and historical SSPs along a specific line of bearing for further acoustic calculations Calculates sensor performance predictions using platform and sensor characteristics Raytrace uses a single SSP thus the sound speeds generated by this program are controlled by depth but not range Ray diagrams are sensitive to user s selection of launch angle source depth bathymetry and sound speed Tidal currents are not predicted Impacts of storm surge and surf conditions are not addressed Tidal height extremes predicted to the nearest 6 minutes Search plans include the type of object density of the search area cand sweep paths for visual and electronic sensors Tidal data may not be complete Variable bottom features can invalidate earlier data Systems are preset for an omnidirectional sonobuoy Minimum range and range increments are preset to 1 000 yards Horizontal homogeneity of the watermass is assumed Many considerations refer to TESS 3 0 User s Guide Noise characteristics of U S and Russian built platforms are class averages Can be used for counter detection Each threat platform can be characterized by a maximum of 20 narrowband and or broadband signature frequencies Many considerations refer to TESS 3 0 User s Guide Table 2 3 TESS 3 Environmental Programs Continued Ambient Noise AN levels
10. sequence loops Figure 2 5 is an example of a surface pressure analysis from JMV JMV PRODUCTS JMV currently provides only the regional centers host computers with the capability to define areas of interest and select the different gridded products for the defined areas Other users must notify the appropriate regional center of their area and product requirements via telephone or email The obvious limitation to this process is that the geographical areas and associated product lists are predefined by the regional centers and by FNMOC This problem will eventually be eliminated as more powerful servers are introduced Software upgrades to JMV will also allow for slide show presentations tropical cyclone warning plots a ship route display feature and other graphics improvements A list of JMV products is detailed in section 2 3 5 of the JMV Users Guide Watch personnel at each of the regional centers provide 24 hour support for JMV There are several other products that are currently available from FNMOC via the NIPRNET These include various satellite products meteorological and oceanographic forecast products and forecast model reports summaries and tendency reviews Check the FNMOC website for details REVIEW QUESTIONS 020 How are JMV products obtained Q21 What is the easiest method to obtain the Joint METOC Viewer User s Manual Q022 JMV defined areas are established by what activity s ERA y keD
11. APS II Integrated Product SIIP To assess the refractive effects upon naval surveillance communications electronic warfare and weapon guidance systems The most significant advantage of AREPS is that it can produce refractive effects predictions over land Visible infrared and laser EOTDA predictions are based upon meteorological forecasts target characteristics the components of the EO system and tactics NODDS products are normally obtained using standard telecommunications circuits commercial DSN STU III They may also be obtained via NIPRNET and Email 2 22 Als Al9 A20 A21 A22 A23 A24 A25 A26 A27 A28 A29 NODDS meteorological products include surface pressure pressure heights and high wind high seas warnings NODDS oceanographic products include sea swell data sea surface temperature data and various acoustic path range products A significant processing advantage of NODDS is that it allows users to define an area of interest and display different types of data for that area JMV products are obtained via the NIPRNET The FNMOC website JMV defined areas are defined by the regional METOC centers and by FNMOC The primary purpose of OPARS is toprovide a flight planning service to the Naval Aviation community that minimizes rime enroute and fuel consumption The OPARS data base is located at the user s PC terminal normally MIDDS The Optimum Path Aircraft Rou
12. CHAPTER 2 ENVIRONMENTAL SOFTWARE PROGRAMS INTRODUCTION In the Navy and Marine Corps fields of meteorology and oceanography the use of desktop and laptop computers is common In chapter one we discussed several of the most widely used environmental computer systems In this chapter we will discuss many of the software programs and products associated with these systems Most environmental software programs are run on one of several computer systems such as TESS IMOSS and MIDDS These systems provide a wide range of environmental products In this chapter we will discuss the following programs Oceanographic and Atmospheric Master Library OAML Geophysics Fleet Mission Program Library GFMPL Tactical Environmental Support System TESS software Refractive effects prediction programs Electro Optical Tactical Decision Aid EOTDA e Naval Oceanography Data Distribution System NODDS Joint METOC Viewer JMV Optimum Path Aircraft Routing System OPARS Data Request Product DRP Our intent is to provide you with a basic overview of the purpose of these programs and their output products You will study more about the applications of these products in later training modules 2 1 OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC MASTER LIBRARY OAML LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the purpose of the Oceanographic and Atmospheric Master Library OAML Identify the agency responsible for maintaining OAML Identify the
13. Corrections BALWIN Radiological Fallout RADFO Forecasts the pattern of accumulated radiation dose from a nuclear fallout Used to determine ship and unit maneuvering to avoid potential nuclear radiation hazards PROGRAM APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS l Computing sound focusing requires highly accurate environmental data Prediction model was based on data collected from over water and over flatland explosions May not be accurate for mountain terrains Radiosonde data for the selected gunfire area must be used Assumes meteorological conditions are constant throughout the fallout Requires an accurate estimate of either the nuclear weapon yield or the height of the nuclear cloud Does not assess thermal radiation electromagnetic effects or initial nuclear radiation Used for only near surface blasts Aircraft Icing Analyses AIRICE Analyzes radiosonde data to determine the potential for ice accumulation on aircraft Ship Ice Accretion SHIP ICE Estimates ship ice accretion based on time wind speed and air sea temperatures Calculates weighted mean averages of wind speed wind direction and temperature for the overland flightpaths of Tomahawk strike missions Tomahawk Environmental Calculation Aid TECA Creates or retrieves refractivity data sets for use by the various other EM programs Atmospheric Refractivit
14. NJ OLEKRHULIUI A CANi RE AGNA Figure 2 4 Example of NODDS surface pressure analysis with HWD overlay REVIEW QUESTIONS Q17 How are NODDS products obtained Q18 What types of products can be obtained from NODDS O19 What is a significant processing advantage of NODDS JOINT METOC VIEWER JMV LEARNING OBJECTIVES Identify how products are obtained from the Joint METOC Viewer JMV Identify the manual that explains the use of JMV Describe the major features of the Joint METOC Viewer JMV Identify the types of products available from JMV The Joint METOC Viewer JMV is an easy to use tool for displaying and annotating meteorological and oceanographic data JMV is quite similar to NODDS although JMV products are obtained exclusively via the Internet JMV consists of software that utilizes web technology INTERNET NIPRNET SIPRNET as a means to make FNMOC environmental products available to regional METOC centers These products can then be obtained by facilities detachments and other DOD users who have web access The computer hardware and operating system combination necessary to run JMV is a PC with Windows 3 1 Windows 95 or Windows NT In any case the user must have a working knowledge of Windows Products for display in JMV are accessed only from Naval METOC regional centers or directly from FNMOC Once downloaded products can be viewed customized exported or archived There are far more display opti
15. UTODIN DRP request message O 311345Z AUG 98 FM USS NEVERDOCK TO OCEANO WEST BT CONFIDENTIAL NO3140 SUBJ PRODUCT REQUEST U 1 Classification Confidential 2 Product BTXT 3 Time Period 0000Z 02 SEP 4 Required NLT 010600Z SEP 98 5 Area 24 0N 141 0E 22 0N 139 0E 6 Output English DECL 05 DEC 98 BT Figure 2 7 Sample AUTODIN DRP request message All DRP products are available for immediate processing and transmission from FNMOC via AUTODIN NIPRNET SIPRNET and facsimile 24 hours a day We will explain the use of each DRP product in the following text SEARCH AND RESCUE PRODUCT SAR The Search and Rescue SAR product is designed for open ocean SAR situations and provides computer generated historical 60 hour and forecast 72 hour outputs for probable error of position and search radius SAR provides target location maps and search recommendations It is available to all SAR coordinators for operational and training missions FNMOC requires the following input from each SAR request type of object time object began to drift latitude and longitude where object began to drift and the estimated navigational error of the object s position Average product turnaround time is less than 30 minutes from time of receipt to time of transmit at FNMOC BATHYTHERMOGRAPH DATA EXTRACT BTXT The Bathythermograph Data Extract BTXT product provides bathy observations extracted from FNMOC synoptic da
16. Version 3 0 TESS 3 retained essentially the same stand alone workstation concept of earlier versions of TESS However TESS 3 was the first environmental workstation that provided connectivity between ships and shore based METOC activities An automatic shipboard observation system known as the Shipboard Meteorological and Oceanographic Observing System SMOOS was introduced in conjunction with this system SMOOS is discussed in module 1 of this series TESS 3 was installed with a wide variety of environmental applications software most of which come from the OAML and GFMPL models and data bases Table 2 3 explains the application of several of these programs Access to all programs is directed by screen menus with user input via trackball or keyboard Additional information is provided in the TESS 3 operator s manuals All remaining TESS 3 systems will eventually be replaced by the TESS Next Century system Table 2 3 TESS 3 Environmental Programs Solar Lunar Almanac Program SLAP etc Warning plot seas Atmospheric Environmental File 10 soundings D values DVAL i detonations PROGRAM APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS Produces monthly or daily summaries of ephemeral data for the sun and the moon Data includes rise and set times daylight and twilight periods moon phase Three subprograms plot tropical cyclones high winds and high View atmosph
17. active effects upon naval surveillance communications electronic warfare and weapon guidance systems Either historical or real time upper air sounding data is used as input INTEGRATED REFRACTIVE EFFECTS PREDICTION SYSTEM IREPS The first refractive assessment software program was the Integrated Refractive Effects Prediction System IREPS developed in the late 1970s IREPS is designed for use over open ocean areas only The program assumes the homogeneity of the atmosphere single airmass based on the input of a single upper air sounding Output options include various refractive effects products such as electromagnetic propagation conditions summaries PCS radar coverage display diagrams COVER path loss versus range displays LOSS surface search radar range tables SSR and Electronic Support Measures ESM radar intercept range tables The applications and limitations of these programs were covered with TESS 3 in the previous section Although IREPS is resident software on TESS 3 it is no longer issued as a stand alone program In 2 12 addition most of the products produced by IREPS have been incorporated into GFMPL ADVANCED REFRACTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL PREDICTION SYSTEM AREPS The most current refractive effects assessment program is the Advanced Refractive Environmental Prediction System AREPS AREPS computes basically the same refractive tactical decision aids as IREPS However AREPS uses a more advanc
18. constructed by simply clicking on the applicable weather symbol icons that are provided with the program As mentioned a significant advantage of NODDS is that it provides the capability to define an area of interest and display different types of data for that area All standard meteorological fields available from FNMOC can be displayed along with a wide number of oceanographic and acoustic products NODDS has the capability to overlay up to three different fields or display individual sequence loops Fields can also be zoomed for more detail and sent to a graphics capable printer The Navy Oceanographic Data Distribution System NODDS Manual FLENUMETOCCEN Publication 3147 can be downloaded from the FNMOC website The Navy Oceanographic Data Distribution System Products Manual describes the applications and limitations of various products available from NODDS A list of available NODDS products is also contained in the FNMOC Products Manual FLENUMETOCCEN P 3140 In rare instances NODDS may be obtained via AUTODIN message The ship or activity requests the area of coverage and the desired products FNMOC then incorporates the data into a composite file and transmits the information via radio message or e mail This data can then be saved to diskette and uploaded on a PC RTE PATER PERR TNR NAIR wi TIK ee i532 AARE TEES ens e RIT N P w TEN AGS CTL ou firey 81 s a a er iur PLARL NUPUOUURL MRIKOKDOLADY A
19. directional and omnidirectional Computes sensor prediction data using platform sensor data bases the propagation loss model and associated data bases Requires minimal user response Allows editing of satellite orbital Provides satellite pass summaries consisting of rise and set time pass duration ship position during the pass and maximum elevation Computes antenna aiming data based on operator specified ship location and bearing and the satellite longitude Designed for deep water Unreliable predictions for water depths less than 300 m deep Many considerations refer to TESS 3 0 User s Guide Few limitations for satellite orbital data Rise and set time error ranges from 1 to 5 sec Predictions limited by the number of satellites for a specific latitude area Assumes a stationary platform interface capability Commercial word processing and graphics programs center around Microsoft Office programs Commercial web browsers are also included with the system Government software programs include the JMV program the EOTDA program and refractivity prediction programs which are discussed shortly Additional government software includes various GFMPL programs such as TIDES and SURF and software programs from MIDDS such as the SAND application discussed in chapter 1 As mentioned in chapter 1 TESS NC also includes a data base server and works
20. ed prediction model that produces more accurate data The most significant advantage of AREPS is that it can produce refractive effects predictions over land using terrain data obtained from either the National Imagery and Mapping Agency NIMA or the users own sources In addition AREPS is able to evaluate range dependent scenarios and can also compute radar detection ranges for multiple bearings simultaneously As of this writing users must build their own electromagnetic riles as there is no electromagnetic data base provided with the program Figure 2 2 lis an example of an AREPS radar coverage diagram The AREPS User s Manual SSC San Diego Technical Document 3028 provides a detailed description of the AREPS program AREPS is designed to run using Windows 95 or Windows NT and is normally obtained as part of the GFMPL NT package You can also down load the AREPS program and the AREPS man ual from the SPAWARS website at http sunspot spawar navy mil CD ROM versions of AREPS are available from SPAWARS on a request only basis REVIEW QUESTIONS Q13 What is the purpose of refractive effects prediction programs Q14 What is the most significant advantage of AREPS over IREPS ELECTRO OPTICAL TACTICAL DECISION AID EOTDA LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define the term Electra Optics Identify the purpose of the Electra Optical Decision Aid EOTDA program Recognize the output options available from the EOTDA program RANGE nav
21. ediction data is displayed in either alphanumeric or graphic format Figure 2 3 js a sample infrared IR visualization display tank with vegetation background EOTDA is a DOS based program contained on floppy disks that can be loaded on virtually any PC However it is a large program that requires much hard disk space Additional hard disk space is required if several generic targets must be created The EODTA program is outlined in the Electra Optical Tactical Decision Aid EOTDA User s Manual prepared by Phillips Laboratory in conjunction with the U S Air Force As of this writing a Windows NT version of EOTDA is being developed for use with TESS NC Keep in mind that the EOTDA software itself is unclassified When a user adds operational data that makes the output classified such as times locations etc the user must then take precautions to protect the information at the appropriate level Appendix B of the Users Manual provides a detailed listing of sensor names identifications and classification information It is classified SECRET and must be ordered separately You will learn more about the tactical application of electro optical products in later modules 0871100 VEGET Figure 2 3 EOTDA infrared IR visualization display tank with vegetation background REVIEW QUESTIONS Q15 EOTDA supports systems that operate in what part of the electromagnetic spectrum Q16 EOTDA predictions are based on what inp
22. eleieite sae sie 8s Mie PITT OEE E ee ee ee y aon oe ee yy os b 090 090 090 099 090 990 090 090 090 i LONGITUDE Heip 50W 400 468 AIW 42W 40W JOW SOW 34i UNCLASSIFIED NAVSAR Probability Map Level 1 Search Object Location Density Map Level 1 Map DTG 16002 05 JUL1998 Probability Object Contained In Map 100 Each Cell i 0 06 0 18 2 0 18 0 29 3 ix 0 29 0 41 in 0 41 0 53 i 0 53 0 65 6 lt 0 65 0 76 7 0 76 6 88 3 a 0 88 1 90 1 00 1 12 tere 1 22 1 18 Ellipse Ma Axis 5 MM Min Axis 4 mi Orient 90 DEG Cell Size Latitude 0 67 nm Longitude 0 67 nam AGM4I201 Figure 2 1 Example of a NAVSAR search probability map from GFMPL NT 2 5 As discussed in chapter one the Tactical Environmental Support System TESS is designed to provide tailored meteorological oceanographic electromagnetic propagation acoustic and satellite products The analyses and predictions from TESS are based mainly upon information obtained from various telecommunications channels on scene reports and environmental software programs Since its introduction TESS has undergone major hardware changes and significant software improvements We will discuss the environmental software programs available with the TESS 3 TESS Next Century NC Transition and TESS Next Century TESS NC TESS 3 The Tactical Environmental Support System
23. eric soundings prior to use in an environmental application Holds a maximum of Processes radiosonde data into arrays of parametric data Determines significant altitude levels such as the freezing level condensation level and contrail formation levels etc Computes D value profiles A D value compares the differences between the actual height above mean sea level MSL and the height of the same pressure surface in the U S standard atmosphere i The D value is used to correct altitude settings for pressure bomb Data only accurate for dates between 1985 to 2015 Potential for erroneous data above 60 latitude Displayed times do not consider political and geographical limits No significant considerations No significant considerations Requires the entry of latitude longitude and balloon release height Maximum altitude of approximately 11 000 meters Cautionary use for radiosonde data when the balloon is released at heights greater than 50 meters Table 2 3 TESS 3 Environmental Programs Continued Computes the focusing of atmospheric sound waves caused by an explosive blast Normally used to determine liability for complaints or unintentional le Computes ballistic wind and density correction factors for naval gunfire support Sound Focus SOCUS Ballistic Winds and Densities
24. h as MIDDS using conventional telephone lines OPARS requests may also be submitted via the Internet and NIPRNET OPARS Data Base Consists of aircraft performance characteristics route structure and restricted area information required for the satisfactory performance of the OPARS program The OPARS data base comes preloaded with each OPARS release Keep in mind that updates to this data base are issued by FNMOC every 28 days and can be downloaded from the FNMOC website Flight Planner Environmental Data Base The computer system at FNMOC produces a flight plan for the optimum route and performance parameters for each aircraft Wind and temperature fields for flight level winds are produced twice daily and are derived from the FNMOC Naval Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System NOGAPS forecast model Wind and temperature data is available from 1 000 feet to 55 000 feet OPARS FLIGHT PLAN PROCESSING The OPARS user is the individual interacting through a personal computer linked with the computer system at FNMOC The OPARS user builds a flight plan request at the terminal and submits the flight plan request to the FNMOC computer for processing The latest version of the system OPARS 2 12 can run from any PC workstation but is normally installed on MIDDS This program operates using a Windows based software program with a graphical interface It allows users to build and error check their flight plan request on the
25. i Figure 2 2 Example of an AREPS radar coverage diagram As applied to military operations the term Electro Optics or EO refers to those weapons that require the propagation of electromagnetic energy through the atmosphere for their operation Although EO systems can operate throughout the entire electromagnetic spectrum most systems operate in the visible or infrared portions of the spectrum EO systems are greatly affected by environmental conditions such as precipitation haze and other aerosols In addition infrared systems are affected by differences between the temperature of the target and the temperature of the surrounding environment background In the early 1980 s computer programs were developed to aid the Aerographer s Mate in predicting the affects of various environmental parameters on EO systems The most recent model is known as the Electra Optical Tactical Decision Aid EOTDA EOTDA is a software program whose main function is to predict the performance of air to ground weapon systems and direct view optics based on the latest environmental and tactical information EOTDA supports systems operating in three regions of the electromagnetic spectrum infrared visible and laser Predictions are based upon meteorological forecasts target characteristics the components of the EO system and tactics The performance of each system is expressed primarily in terms of maximum detection or lock on range Pr
26. ility to even the most complex processing functions Al A2 A3 Ad AS A A7 A8 A9 Alo All A12 Al3 Al4 Al5 Al6 Al7 ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS OAML provides consistency and standardization for all oceanographic and meteorological programs used by the Navy Naval Oceanographic Office Stennis Space Center Mississippi GFMPL provides meteorological electromagnetic oceanographic hazard avoidance and acoustic software for fleet air surface amphibious and undersea warfare USW operations Geophysics Fleet Mission Program Library GFMPL Summary Analyses and predictions of GFMPL are based upon on scene data historical data platform characteristics and weapon sensor characteristics The electromagnetic programs of GFMPL are used to predict radar performance effectiveness and calculate radar range Naval Search and Rescue NAVSAR and Tropical Cyclone The COVER program provides the capability to determine how an electromagnetic EM system will perform in either detecting or communicating with a given target or receiver The SSP program must be used with caution in situations where no BT data extends below 200 meters Internet access JMV EOTDA refractivityprediction programs GFMPL programs and MIDDS application programs The TESS NC Unix based workstation is used to access the Global Command and Control System Maritime GCCS M and run the SPPED IC
27. ir PC before submitting the job to FNMOC OPARS 2 0 and later versions contain a built in communication capability that can automatically access and log into FNMOC via commercial telephone DSN STU III secure telephone and INTERNET NIPRNET Nearly every weather office accepts OPARS requests either over the counter or by telephone Many individual military pilots are frequent users of OPARS and these pilots may prefer to enter their own OPARS requests However most pilots prefer to have the base weather personnel process OPARS requests The observer normally uses a locally prepared form to ensure that the necessary information is obtained and then enters the information into the OPARS program Each request must include information such as aircraft type point of departure time of departure point of arrival number of different flight routes legs fuel weight and air routing type After processing at FNMOC the information is formatted into a flight plan and transmitted back to the office The OPARS program works with the Windows NT operating system or Windows 95 Users select the flight plan parameters by clicking on a series of menus The program provides help menus that explain individual elements A jet route data base is included with the software and lets users visually work out air routes on their PC Once selected an air route can be saved for future use These commonly used air routes are known as canned routes F
28. light requests can also be saved and made available at a future time Once users obtain a flight plan from FNMOC they can display it in many different formats as a variety of tools are available to customize and enhance the display Wind fields navigational aids navaids and other features may be overlaid on any flight route The flight plan is then downloaded to a printer and delivered to the pilot Figure 2 6 is an example of just one of several OPARS input screens The Optimum Path Aircraft Routing System User s Manual FLENUMETOCCEN P 3710 provides detailed information for processing OPARS flight plans This manual is published by FNMOC and is provided with MIDDS It can also be downloaded from the FNMOC website Information on how to interpret the different flight plan formats can also be found on the FNMOC website REVIEW QUESTIONS Q23 What is the primary purpose of OPARS Q24 Where is the OPARS data base located Q25 What publication provides detailed information on processing OPARS requests and how can it be obtained DATA REQUEST PRODUCT DRP LEARNING OBJECTIVES Identify how Data Request Products DRPs are obtained Describe the various products that are available from the Data Request Product DRP system Identify the publications that provide guidance on DRP products OPARS Editor Aircraft Leg 1 Of 1 Acralt Type Climb 950 DEGREE CHT f Cruise 925 DEGREE CTiT OS Descen
29. nalyses of present atmospheric and electromagnetic EM propagation conditions Locally collected oceanographic information is combined with archived data to prepare an analysis of existing oceanographic and acoustic conditions Analyses and predictions are based upon on scene data historical data platform characteristics and weapon sensor characteristics GFMPL comprises four basic functions as described below Environmental Data Assimilation GFMPL accepts locally acquired environmental data from various sources catalogs and processes the data and then writes the data to available files for use by the various programs This data includes operator entered surface radiosonde refractivity bathythermograph and nearshore bathymetry data This function also incorporates quality control checks of environmental data input Environmental Analysis GFMPL generates analyses of existing environmental conditions affecting air surface amphibious and USW operations These analyses are provided by atmospheric meteorological and oceanographic application programs The analyzed data is presented in the form of graphic and tabular displays which can also be hardcopied and used for performance predictions and briefings Sensor Detection Range Coverage Prediction GFMPL computes acoustic and electromagnetic EM sensor range predictions based on oceanographic and meteorological environmental profiles Output is used for detection counter
30. ns for chaff defense against cruise missiles Determines the operational ranges of airborne FLIR devices against surface targets Displays range information for exposures to low level laser adiation Includes height vs range and day vs night calculations Additionally displays range vs time of exposure for different levels of laser radiation exposure Contains recently input and frequently used BT observations associated sound speed profiles SSPs passive propagation loss PL curves and environmental data Computes SSPs for specific ocean conditions Provides automated on scene analysis of ocean thermal structure and acoustic properties Also displays historical information Provides methods for displaying historical bottom depth bottom loss and water mass data 2 9 CONSIDERATIONS Does not account for horizontal changes in refractivity Valid only for signals between 100 MHz and 20 GHz Does not consider sea or land clutter Accounts for ducting The victim radar must be surface based Does not consider refractive effects Assumes the environmental data is representative of the entire search area Computed range is for detection not categorization conditions predictions are often farther than the actual detection range Computes average laser power for a l sec period No power increase is computed for magnification effects e g binoculars Program works on a wavelength specific
31. of EM propagation conditions for a specific location and month Provides the capability to determine how an EM system will perform in either detecting or communicating with a given target or receiver Produces an EM path loss for a user specified EM system with respect to range Program computes either an airborne or surface based path Determines SPS 10 and SPS 55 detection ranges for predefined U S and Russian built naval platforms Calculates and displays the maximum intercept ranges of U S and Russian built surface emitters by a user specified ESM receiver Estimates the vulnerability of various emitters to a specified ESM system under varying environmental conditions Estimates the emitter vulnerability to a specified ESM system Plots intercept ranges for surface to air air to air and air to surface geometries The object is to minimize the BG vulnerability to counter detection CONSIDERATIONS Not applicable for frequencies below 100 MHz or above 20 GHz 20 GHz Does not consider sea or changes in refractivity Valid only for signals between 100 MHz and 20 GHz Does not consider sea or Maximum ranges limited to 541 nmi Emitters are limited to the preset list Use the Platform Vulnerability program for other emitters Valid only for signals between 100 MHz and 20 GHz Assumes the emitter is on and operating at peak power Accounts for ducting and sea
32. ons and graphics tools available with JMV than with NODDS Detailed information concerning JMV is provided in the Joint METOC Viewer User Manual FLENUMETOCCEN P 352 which can be downloaded from the FNMOC website A list ofproducts from JMV is also contained in the FNMOC Products Manual To request an account for JMV and the web page users must be members of the Department of Defense or authorized DOD contractors All requests for accounts should be sent to the FNMOC web master at http www webmaster fnoc navy mil accessible through the FNMOC web page Routine requests for new areas or changes to the data contained in an area can also be made by contacting the FNMOC web master 2 16 JMV FEATURES JMV is unique in its approach to environmental data communications A JMV thumbnail defined regional area and associated product list is defined on the host computer at the regional center The data is then stored on the host computer and any authorized user can download it to their computer using the JMV software package Once the raw data is received by the computer the required contouring streamlining shading etc is performed automatically until all products are in a ready to display format The user has the ability to select contour intervals change colors both screen and printer and can also select unit preferences Metric English JMV has the ability to overlay up to three different fields at once and display individual
33. or for a specific latitude and longitude BALLISTIC WIND AND DENSITY BALW The Ballistic Wind and Density BALW product provides surface to surface surface to air or rocket assisted projectile forecasts for applications like naval gunfire operations The product is a tabular listing of wind direction speed and air density for up to 15 altitude zones It is derived from various atmospheric analysis and forecast data fields that can be combined with a user provided upper air sounding SOUND FOCUSING SNDFO Sound Focusing SNDFO provides atmospheric sound propagation loss for bomb blasts or sonic booms at selected altitudes and bearings The output uses 2 21 alphanumeric characters to represent loss magnitude out at specified ranges REVIEW QUESTIONS 026 How are DRP products obtained Q27 What two publications contain information concerning DRP products output format Q28 What are the required inputs for an AUTODIN SAR request 029 What is the purpose of the ENVR product SUMMARY We have provided just the briefest overview of the highly sophisticated software programs that you will use as an Aerographer s Mate Although several schools are available to provide instruction on the actual use of some of these programs you will find that the manuals for these programs provide excellent instructions In addition the menu driven command functions inherent in these programs will provide easy access and operab
34. publication that describes OAML The U S Navy has produced several oceanographic and atmospheric models and data bases over the last few decades With similar environmental programs operating on different computer systems small changes in program output can be realized by various warfare communities using the same products In 1984 the Oceanographic and Atmospheric Master Library OAML was developed to provide consistency and standardization for all oceanographic and meteorological programs used by the Navy It is now the Navy standard library for meteorological and oceanographic data bases models and algorithms OAML thus eliminates large scale differences in output from the various environmental computer systems that are used throughout the fleet The responsibility for maintaining the models and data bases in OAML rests with the Naval Oceanographic Office NAVO located at the Stennis Space Center Mississippi General descriptions of the various oceanographic and atmospheric models and data bases are provided in the Oceanographic and Atmospheric Master Library OAML Summary published by NAVO The OAML summary discusses the applications and limitations of the OAML models and data bases It also provides data base coverage maps as well as ordering instructions for OAML programs While OAML discusses many of the processing models and output products contained in the Geophysical Fleet Mission Program Library GFMPL it is not in
35. rface temperature significant wave height primary and secondary wave period and primary and secondary wave direction REFRACTIVE INFORMATION BY STATION RIBS The Refractive Information by Station RIBS product provides an analysis of upper air soundings from requested upper air reporting stations RIBS output provides pressure temperature dew point depression M unit gradient of M per 1 000 feet and height and type of refraction Users may choose up to 25 stations per request RIBS data can be input into JOTS TESS or IMOSS to extract on site refractive products SPOUT OUTPUT SPOUT Spout Output SPOUT provides surface land surface ship radiosonde pilot balloon aircraft satellite infrared spectrometer and or hourly report observations extracted from the FNMOC data base in an easy to read format Spout observations may be requested for a specific date and time and or for a specific set of hours Observation reports up to 72 hours prior to the current Date Time Group DTG can be obtained OCEAN MODEL TEMPERATURE PROFILES JJPRO The Ocean Model Temperature Profiles JJPRO was developed to provide computer generated ocean analysis temperature profiles extracted from global model vertical temperature profiles JJPRO produces an alphanumeric product in the JJYY format The profiles will extend from the surface to 400 meters or to the ocean floor depth whichever is shallower JJPRO may be requested for a grid area
36. surface pressure pressure heights up to 200 hPa cloud cover and precipitation data high wind and high seas warnings and tropical cyclone warnings Oceanographic products include sea swell height period and direction data sea surface temperature data mixed layer depth data fronts and eddies data and various acoustic path range products Satellite imagery DMSP only can also be downloaded Figure 2 4 jis an example of a surface pressure analysis with a horizontal weather depiction HWD overlay NODDS PROCESSING AND DISPLAY FEATURES NODDS allows users to select the geographical area of interest and desired products via mouse point and click options Once the area and data selections are complete automatic access to the FNMOC model data base is made via a dial in connection Since the geography information is resident in the user s PC only gridded environmental data covering the area of interest is downloaded This data is compressed thus keeping tile size access time and communications costs to a minimum There are several processing display and annotation options as NODDS gives the user the flexibility to view data in the way most appropriate for the application Display options allow for contouring shading 3 dimensional plots and synoptic station model plots In addition Skew T diagrams streamlines oceanographic temperature profiles and ocean temperature cross sections can also be plotted HWD charts can be
37. t Operational Weigh Drag Count Help ill be required to provide values for Time to Climb LM Cargo Change Options Do Not Use C Cargo Change Fntered C OPARS Calculate Cargo Change i IRCRAFT TYPE is mandatory entry is entered on the first leg only Choose the appropriate aircraft trom the list of supported aircraft If your aircraft is not on the list then select SPERF Special Performance You Figure 2 6 OPARS input screen Data Request Products DRPs contain various computer generated environmental information that is produced by the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Command FNMOC at Monterey DRP products are usually requested only when locally produced environmental products are unobtainable DRP products can be ordered via AUTODIN message or by telephone AUTODIN requests are normally sent to the nearest regional center where the information is encoded in a special format and then retransmitted to FNMOC for processing The collective address designator CAD OCEANO WEST or OCEANO EAST is used for all AUTODIN requests Complete instructions for ordering DRP information as well as a breakdown of each product output can be found in the DRP User Manual FLENUMETOCCEN P 3146 and the United States Navy Meteorological and Oceanographic Support System Manual NAVMETOCCOMINST 3140 1 The DRP Manual can be downloaded from the FNMOC website Figure 2 7 is an example of an A
38. ta bases The output consists of an alphanumeric product in the JJYY format in English or Metric units as desired ENVIRONMENTAL DATA LINES ENVR The Environmental Data Lines ENVR product is a concise alphanumeric product that is used as input to onboard acoustic prediction systems It provides a BT SVP profile for a specific location based on historical data A BT or SVP observation may be provided as input by the user This data is then blended with historical data to complete the profile from the surface to the ocean bottom ENVR also provides the following information Depth required depth excess DRX e Temperature gradient below sonic layer depth e Low frequency high frequency bottom loss e Significant wave height Wind speed Bottom depth Sonic layer depth 2 20 GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL MESSAGE GEM The General Environmental Message GEM product provides the user with analyzed synoptic or forecast environmental data for specified locations or grid points latitude longitude within an area GEM data includes such products as pressure surface heights wind direction and speed altimeter settings ditch headings wave direction wave period and height freezing level data and sea surface temperatures POINT DATA EXTRACT PNTDT Point Data Extract PNTDT provides selected environmental data extracted from METOC model fields Output for various parameters include marine wind speed marine wind direction sea su
39. tation that operate using an HP UX UNIX Operating System This workstation is used to access tactical applications programs via the Global Command and Control System Maritime GCCS M In addition the SPPED ICAPS II Integrated Product SIIP is run from this workstation SIP is a series of several integrated environmental programs that access historical and tactical data bases SIP products include sound speed profiles SSPs acoustic raytraces ocean data analysis products passive acoustic propagation loss PAPL displays sensor performance prediction SPP protiles and ambient noise AN data REVIEW QUESTIONS Q8 What is the purpose of the COVER program 09 What are the limitations of the SSP program Q10 What is the major software advantage with the TESS NC Transition as compared to the TESS 3 Which government environmental software programs are provided with the TESS NC What is the purpose of the TESS NC Unix based workstation Qll Q12 REFRACTIVE EFFECTS PREDICTION PROGRAMS LEARNING OBJECTIVES Identify the purpose of refractive effects prediction programs Identify the refractive effects displays available with the Integrated Refractive Effects Prediction System REPS and the Advanced Refractive Environmental Prediction System AREPS Describe the major advantages of AREPS Refractive effects prediction programs are designed to provide Aerographer s Mates with the capability of assessing the refr
40. tended to discuss all of the various GFMPL programs available only those commonly used by several warfare communities Table 2 1 lists the most widely used OAML models and table 2 2 lists the data bases contained in OAML The OAML data bases and models are used in TESS IMOSS MIDDS and many other environmental prediction systems used throughout the fleet You will data bases as you progress into a senior Aerographer s Mate REVIEW QUESTIONS QI What is the purpose of OAML Q2 What agency is responsible for maintaining OAML environmental data bases and models learn much more about the use of OAML models and Table 2 1 OAML Models OAML MODELS OCEAN MODELS ELECTROMAGNETIC EM MODELS Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System MODAS Surface Search Radar SSR Model Naval Search and Rescue NAVSAR Radar Sea Clutter CLUTTER Model Standard Electromagnetic Propagation Standard EM Prop Model Evaporation Duct Height EDH Model Radar Free Space Detection Range RFSDR Model Radio Physical Optics RPO Model Passive RAYMODE Model Active RAYMODE Model Parabolic Equation PE Model Passive ASTRAL Range Dependent Prop Loss Model Active Sensor Performance Model ASPM Colossus II Model Computer Aided Sonar Tactical Recommendations l CASTAR Model Low Frequency Bottom Loss LFBLTAB Model Surface Loss SRFLOS Model System Loss SYSLOS Model METEOROLOGICAL MODES
41. three major versions of GFMPL The GFMPL NT is the latest version and is distributed on CD ROM It is designed to work with the Windows NT operating system by using a Windows type graphical user interface Information describing the use of GFMPL NT is contained in the Geophysics Fleet Mission Program Library New Technology GFMPLNT User s Manual published by NAVO A second version known as GFMPL PC is designed to run on DOS based PC systems It is distributed in both floppy diskette and CD ROM A users manual is provided with the disks The latest and final version of GFMPL PC was released in January 1998 In addition to the NT and PC versions of GFMPL a Unix based version has been integrated 2 3 into the Global Command and Communications System Maritime GCCS M which was discussed in chapter one Information describing the status of all GFMPL environmental programs and software versions is contained in the Geophysics Fleet Mission Program Library GFMPL Summary also published by NAVO Both the NT and PC versions of GFMPL are released as either unclassified or classified CD ROMs The classified GFMPL CD ROMs contain detailed electromagnetic and acoustic models and data bases GFMPL FUNCTIONS GFMPL is a rapid response on scene environmental prediction system used to quickly determine the effects of the environment on fleet platforms sensors and weapon systems Locally collected environmental information is used to prepare a
42. ting Systems User s Manual P 3710 This can be obtained from the FNMOC website DRP products can be ordered via AUTODIN message or by telephone DRP User s Manual FLENUMETOCCEN P 3146 and United States Navy Meteorological and Oceanographic Support System Manual NAVMETOCCOMINST 3140 1 Type of object time object began to drift latitude longitude where object began to drift and the estimated navigational error of the object s position The ENVR product is an alphanumeric BT SVP profile that can be used as input to onboard acoustic prediction systems 2 23
43. urpose of GFMPL 04 05 06 07 What publication provides a description of the various GFMPL software versions The analyses and predictions of GFMPL are based upon what inputs The electromagnetic programs in GFMPL are used to provide calculations for what type of system What programs are contained in the Hazard Avoidance option of GFMPL NT TACTICAL ENVIRONMENTAL SUPPORT SYSTEM TESS SOFTWARE PROGRAMS LEARNING OBJECTIVE Identify the various software programs available in the Tactical Environmental Support System Version 3 0 TESS 3 TESS Next Century NC Transition and TESS Next Century ETTAN L E SEN _ paap I x BEE fips Jew Ophons Hep 25048 e ow as e o amp 6 es 8 ele o eee 25028 4 se ers de d ew ee we eee 7r er we eo ixd Cie Sisee ee awit ses ere eee s 25008 4 oes pe ee era OR as el oe Ue Oe ee eae EE S E N A e eh EE L 2458H gt e i i ee pe i gt A pie Ca etalare 211211111211 jee eee 2 24112222222111 T 2456H 4 12422333333322111 ly fe 8 3 922253 4555544352211 je t2334 5627776543221 T 2454m 4 11123467880968C533721 u j gt 1122456894 997655321 fe 1293456899898 55321 D 2452 4 1422355789998 7654371 le 32223455678898 7554321 7 j TL 225454H5606553352112 2450H 4 gt gt 112233444441332 1121 penai 112273332227111 ee re 1111222711112 iaeoa RAER Tiz11ii111 esis ce eiete
44. ut NAVY OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM NODDS LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe how Navy Oceanographic Data Distribution System NODDS products are obtained Identify the products that are available from NODDS Identify the processing and display features of NODDS The Navy Oceanographic Data Distribution System NODDS is a DOS based software program which makes environmental products from the Fleet 2 14 Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center FNMOC available to DOD activities NODDS products are normally obtained using standard telecommunications circuits commercial DSN STU II but can also be obtained via NIPRNET and e mail Data processing and display are accomplished using standard PC hardware Users require ID and passwords to access the system NODDS was first developed in 1982 as a means to make FNMOC environmental products available to METOC facilities and detachments that had no direct access to this data Through the years the system has grown in use and product support has expanded The latest software version is NODDS 4 1 The program is normally installed on MIDDS but can also be installed on any standard 486 or better CPU with a VGA color monitor hard disk and mouse A minimum 9 6 kilobytes per second KBPS modem is required but a 28 8 KBPS modem or greater is recommended NODDS PRODUCTS There are numerous environmental products available from NODDS Meteorological products include
45. y Profile Generator ARPGEN Produces edits and maintains EM files platforms jammers and ESM receivers used in different EM programs Electromagnetic EM Device Editor EMDED 2 7 Computes the probability and the type of ice that may form Icing may occur in between different radiosonde levels More applicable for smaller ships Does not consider the physical structure of the ship Data is averaged for 1 square areas Limited to 30 M unit entries below 10 km in altitude Refractivity data may be several hours old Historical refractive data sets are retrieved for closest radiosonde station The platform file can contain a maximum of 30 platforms of 15 EM systems each Generic emitter files may be created Provides maximum detection range for radars assuming the radar is operating Table 2 3 TESS 3 Environmental Programs Continued Electromagnetic Propagation Conditions Summary PCS Historical EM Propagation Conditions HEPC Electromagnetic Coverage Diagram COVER Electronic Support Measures ESM Range Tables Platform Vulnerability PV Battle Group Vulnerability BGV PROGRAM APPLICATION Graphically depicts refractive conditions of EM energy in the atmosphere Describes in narrative the generalized refractive effects Produces a historical summary
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