Entry #001146 - Ramón Rodríguez Luque
Contents
1. Now let s take a look at the inside of the chrono thermostat There are two main inside components the W5100 chip and the microcontroller The microcontroller is a 16bit PIC the PIC24FJ64 We had a choice from a large number of devices and this one does not have any unusual possibility The W5100 performs the more difficult task which is the TCP IP Ethernet and MAC so the microcontroller only needs to have enough memory for the code but not any special peripheral inside other than a ADC converter and real time clock If the microcontrollers do not have an ADC there is other temperature sensor from the same family that has a serial interface and allows not having an ADC inside the microcontroller If the microcontrollers do not have a real time clock we can use a free timer and its associated interrupt routine for count the time and date I shall now go over the different blocks of the chrono thermostat system The WIZnet module works with the communications and allows the rest of the circuit to overlook this task There is a Time client that runs only at power up in the system It makes a connection to a list of time server to get an update of date and time If the first time the server is down or the connection fails then it tries another one of the list We have a secure layer between the WIZnet and the http server It consists of a user and password authorization made using the standard html authorization method Wh2. a BTA ka z Figure 9 Global System Schematic In the Figure 10 we can see the WIZnet module and how it interfaces with the circuit We use the SPI interface that permits enough speed for communication with the module and it is simple enough to have only a few pins in the microcontroller There are a power decoupling capacitor and a pull up resistor to the SEN SPI enabled in the adapter board 10 WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure Web Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 Figure 10 Wiznet module There is a temperature sensor MCP9700 to measure temperature We see it in the Figure 11 It has only three pins two of them to power it and a voltage output that 1s connected to the first multiplexer ADC microcontroller input It sinks its power from the analog power from the development board PLUS BUTTON TTC Zem eT Te Eech TEA soo meh mock je Ai J2 16 Bit 25 Pin Microchip development boani Figure 11 Development Board Temperature module and LCD display module There is no analog power in the connector so I connect two wires in the bottom of the development board In Figure 11 we can also see the LCD display module It connects to the development board with a serial interface I do not use a SPI interface from the microcontroller because I used an external library that makes the serial task through software WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2
3. like to permanently change the parameters for another power up you must press the link SAVE CONFIG in order to write it in the flash Please bear in mind that if you change the IP address then you will not access the thermostat You must change your IP in the browser or if the thermostat IP 1s in another network then change the computer IP The next link is CHANGE PASSWORD You can change both the user and the password When you press the link pop up a dialog window comes up which is same authorization page you connected to the very first time WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure Web Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 1 ube EMEI HET he San lie ER Pimi Ta ESA pi Sr ye Hemid Seen eme e E EECH EnDie ES LE DEE SE L Ee Ce SS Lat wt pe tec hE aer RP E ngis orgie E ten WW Frasca E cesar D prira WIZnet ETHERNET DESIGN CONTEST 2007 Ce EE Figure 22 Network config page The only one difference with the authorization page is the label Please enter the new User Name and Password YOU MUST INTRODUCE THE NEW USER NAME AND PASSWORD AND THEN THE DIALOG WINDOW WILL POP UP AGAIN AND YOU WILL REINTRODUCE THE NEW USER AND PASSWORD AGAIN This is the way to ensure that the user name and password are correct If you like to permanent change the parameters for another power up you must to press the link SAVE CONFIG to write it onto th
4. 007 Entry Secure W eb Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 The only one component in the LCD adapter board is a capacitor to the LCD bias power The LCD has inside a step up voltage converter In Figure 11 we have the label in the J2 connector to the rest of connection In Figure 12 we have the rest of the components that are mounted directly on the development board Figure 12 Switches crystal and relay We need to modify the development board because we need to have a real time clock So I cut off the two resistors R16 and R17 from the development board and I solder here the Y1 crystal of 32768Hz I also soldered the two 22pF capacitors C2 and C3 in the bottom of the development board We see these modifications in Figure 13 The system needs three switches but the development board has only one SW1 playing the role of mode button We add two low level active switches SW2 and SW3 Finally we have a relay K1 to drive the power wire from the boiler J1 and J2 If the microcontroller relay output is high the pin sources a current to the NPN transistor base and the transistor drains a current from the collector circuit activating the relay Later when the microcontroller relay output is low the pin does not source a current to the NPN transistor base and then the transistor does not drain a current from the collector circuit so the relay discharges its energy to the D1 diode WIZnet iEthernet Design
5. Contest 2007 Entry Secure W eb Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 SEI CSR E rao Jo akat GA T REO RES REI Rp3 RE2 RB4 FBS FBS kss kee 2 lasc110sc 1 WEF E VDD RBS Jet L 2 dsP eee Figure 13 Development Board Modificatons 5 Software I made all the software in C language I used the MPLAB IDE and the C30 compiler Initially my main objective was understand the WIZnet operation so I made all function from zero From the low level function to write and read Wiznet register to the high level code to make an http server web server and a client TCP Time I only used external made functions for the LCD control At power up the software read the flash memory initialize all peripheral Wiznet LCD and get the time and date from the internet Later there are three main tasks in the software 1 Interrupt driven task once per second WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure W eb Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 It does the local interface attention updating the system values display and reading the push button Also it updates the temperature variable value and does the thermostat function switching on off the boiler 2 Interrupt driven task once per minute It is synchronized with the real time clock for execs when the minute change occurs It reads the real time clock updates the time variables and process the timer function Also it updates th
6. ER S S lt lt Q m DATA DC Figure 15 Installation schematic PoE DEVICE POWERED BY ETHERNET CABLE PoE PoE CHRONO THERMOSTAT ADAPTER ADAPTER SWITCH HUB ROUTER DATA PAIR DATA PAIR VDD PAIR VSS PAIR POWER SUPPLY Figure 16 PoE schematic description WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure Web Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 Figure 17 Power over Ethernet inyector adapter board we can see in the figure 1 the extractor adapter board Another cable from the boiler to the chrono thermostat is required This cable enables the chrono thermostat to switch the boiler on off Figure 18 Boiler cable WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure W eb Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 2 Web Interface We must have a web browser to access to the chrono thermostat We will write in the browser the chrono thermostat IP if we are in home but we will write the public IP from the router if we try to access from outside the home The first answer from our chrono thermostat is an authorization request page like we can see in the next figure Then we must enter the user and password by default user admin password admin Both the user and password can be changed le w it a IAIA LEY El service 197 169 1959 en Programmable kemmetst Acnee Authorization eoret un namh Cp ER Un unii arena Achprteorka cabe anida est
7. UEST round 1 else if ch_pass_ok 1 ch pass_ok 2 WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure Web Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 strep dummy dummy 2 write string TXBUFFER socket WEB CHANGE PASSWORD NEW PASSWORD REQUEST round 2 else if ch_pass_ok 2 ch_pass_ok 0 write_string TXBUFFER socket WER HEAD write string TXBUFFER socket WEB BODY if stremp dummy dummy2 1 The two keys are the same gt OK write string TXBUFFER socket WEB CHANGE PASSWORD OK Update the new KEY strep dummy KEY AUTHORIZATION else The two keys aren t the same gt ERROR write string TXBUFFER socket WEB CHANGE PASSWORD BAD j write_string TXBUFFER socket WEB TAIL j H end else LTT end if check get method Clean the RX buffer clear RXBUFFER socket size_of_received_ data Close and open again the connection to listen to restart_to_listen 6 User manual 1 Installation For installing the chrono thermostat you must connect a cable from the nearest router or switch to the installation place Place one of the PoE adapters close to the router and the other one close the chrono thermostat It permits avoid the high power supply is in the installation place This serves to avoid high power supply in the installation place WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure Web Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 Ethernet cable ROUT
8. WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure W eb Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 Entry 001146 Ramon Rodriguez Luque Secure Web Based Chrono Thermostat DISTINCTIVE EXCELLENCE 1 Overview Temperature sensor PoE extractor adapter board LCD display F SCH E A n A ail p Data Cable WIZnet adapter board a Boiler cable WI WW e CA o A al Switches d Ami e A S Fe ia E a CM we S Figure 1 Complete assembly A few years ago I bought a chrono thermostat for my new house I searched for a versatile chrono thermostat that I could use easily but my quest proved unsuccessful for if it was to be really versatile then it would be very complex to use it I also wanted to switch on off the boiler electric kettle at my work place because usually I don t know what time I will finish work I found one that allowed remote use of the chrono thermostat but 1t could only be done through the use of my by mobile phone and it was rather costly So when I though which project I would like to do for this Contest I decided to design a device that was suited to the use explained above I have a gas heating system at home so I speak about switch on off my boiler because in order to switch on off my heating system I will switch on off my boiler If the house does not use gas for heating its system will have an on off switch for the system as a whole and the chrono thermostat could be connected to
9. Y AUTHORIZATION HLL Deene ene AUTHORIZATION OK lt D TATTLE LT Change Password Page gt Name and password required TATTLE LT ch pass ok Don t permit change password if stremp fname change password htm 1 write string TXBUFFER socket WEB CHANGE PASSWORD ch pass _ok 1 Will permit change password else if stremp fname main htm index gt Main print_main socket else if stremp fname index htm stremp fname index gt Frame write_string TXBUFFER socket WEB HEAD write_string TXBUFFER socket WEB INDEX write_string TXBUFFER socket WEB TAIL else if stremp fname top htm TOP gt Title write string TXBUFFER socket WEB HEAD write string TXBUFFER socket WEB TOP write string TXBUFFER socket WEB TAIL there is one else if for any possible page else d WE Page Don t Exist MUM write_string TXBUFFER socket WEB HEAD ERROR write_string TXBUFFER socket WEB BODY write_string TXBUFFER socket WEB SORRY write_string TXBUFFER socket WEB TAIL ILL A end if AUTHORIZATION OK else IUIL Jl AUTHORIZATION ERROR AUTHORIZATION REQUEST if ch_pass_ok 0 write_string TXBUFFER socket WEB AUTH RESPONSE j NEW PASSWORD REQ
10. a sadhana oue au namere de iaag y ariaa se een de ema fo segura oibeocnecrp neck segra Recordar contrasefia aes ees Figure 19 Authorization request When you are validated in the system then you can see the main page Figure 3 Web browser with the main page loaded In the main page we can see the date time temperature target temp system mode system status and the boiler status In the left frame of the page you have a list of links to all the websites The next page that you can see is THERMOSTAT CONFIG WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure Web Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 ao Sere m N eme zeen ge resc 1 Foie are sen ges ee eed Fe ee Oe SAE ee Cae Frera eaa Gamer gt 2 E Parador Ef corrector pggke Pa Trador gp ara E Ferrante zs WI net 1ETHERNET DESIGN CONTEST 2007 Figure 20 Thermostat config We can change the main thermostat parameters as the target temperature only in the manual on mode because if the system mode is timer then the target in the timer is prioritized The Threshold is the maximum difference between the ambient temperature and the target temperature without switching the boiler So if you make this value lower then the boiler can switch on off frequently but the ambient temperature would be closer to the target The other parameters are t
11. ave a W5100 chip and we can connect our Chrono thermostat to the LAN Home LAN to connect to the Internet REMOTE USER THE INTERNET 4 HOME mj HOME ROUTER e e LOCAL i F ETHERNET HOME LAN APR SECURE WEB BASED CHRONO THERMOSTAT MICROCONTROLLER PIC24FJ64GA002 BOILER LOCAL INTERFACE AMBIENT TEMPERE SWITCHES Figure 2 Global System Block Diagram The Home LAN can be as simple as a twisted pairs cable from the chrono thermostat to a home router but we can have switches in the middle that are transparent to the data traffic data flow WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure Web Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 The cable to the router or switch also supplies power to the chrono thermostat using the Power over Ethernet standard In the router NAPT Network Address Port Translation we will now configure the TCP port 80 to the chrono thermostat IP So we can connect to the chrono thermostat with a browser writing the chrono thermostat IP from the Home LAN or writing the home router public IP from the Internet Nowadays Internet providers often give customers a dynamic IP but this is not a problem because most routers when they power up and receive an IP connect to a dynamic DNS provider such as no ip com or dyndns org You can do everything from the web interface irrespective of where you are It is more powerful than the usual local interface
12. e desired time You can choose the ON time OFF time period target in temperature and the days in the week normally refers to days form Monday to Friday to activate it e The thermostat machine has a filter to the measured temperature to avoid possible erratic conversion of the ADC Also there is a configurable temperature threshold that mimics hysteresis comportment and a configurable delay between one switch and another that avoid the continue switching on off of the boiler e It has a simple human machine interface on a LCD display and a few switches which manages the system mode manual on mode manual off mode and timer controlled mode Also you can modify the target temperature when the system is in the manual on mode 2 System Description The following system block diagram will show all blocks that the Chrono Thermostat system has inside and the system environment as well as the many possible functions WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure W eb Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 First of all let us look at the system environment The system is wired to the home boiler by two wires to switch on off the boiler So if the house is cold then the system will switch on the boiler or if the house is hot then the system will switch off the boiler The system knows the home temperature because it has a temperature sensor that registers ambient room temperature We have so far described a simple thermostat but we h
13. e display with the date and time values 3 Background task It is the web server It pays attention to the possible connections to the web port that is listening by default When there is a connection then it checks if the authorization key is correct and if it is successful then it will send the requested page to the client browser At power up the system executes the time client function for setting up its date and time Display ime amd date orale Background tasks Figure 14 Software block diagram We can now see a fragment of the source code here from the web server It checks the authorization and it transmits page site selection void http char socket unsigned intoffset valor float valor2 char Rxdata Valid 0 char fname 100 dummy 100 dummy2 100 static char ch pass ok dummy 99 0 dummy2 99 0 size_of received_data read_size RXBUFFER socket for offset 0 offset lt size_of_ received data offset Rxdata read RXBUFFER socket offset Buffer offset Rxdata j Mark end of buffer Buffer offset 0 if check_get_method Buffer amp offset 1 get file name Buffer amp offset fname WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure Web Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 THM TTT AUTHORIZATION Page gt Name and password checked but using Explorer Method MUM AMMA TL get key AUTHORIZATION Buffer size_of_received_data dummy if strcmp dummy KE
14. e flash 3 Local Interface We can use the system locally but we can only do the following 1 Viewing operating values Date time ambient temperature target temperature system mode system status and boiler status 2 Changing the system mode Pressing the mode button 3 Modifying the target temperature only in the manual system mode You can see the LCD display in the following figure WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure W eb Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 Figure 23 LCD display with all operating parameters There is one button to change the mode another to increase the target temperature by a half degree and finally another one to decrease the target temperature by a half degree 7 Further Developments I had a lot of ideas to make it but the contest dead line is very soon I haven t enough time to do it There are many possible further ideas but given the deadline I was not able to develop them BISTABLE RELAY In a bistable relay after the input voltage 1s disconnected the contacts remain in the last switch position reached It permits saving a lot of energy in the boiler on state because there would only be power consumption in the boiler output changes All commercial chrono thermostat use it because they are battery powered and they can t power a conventional relay with their batteries In our design we can use a conventional relay because we have a power supply so we do
15. en a user requests access to a website then he must type the user and the password in the browser dialog window The user computer browser encrypts both into a key that is sent with the request If the key is correct then an html server web server will supply the website There are a lot of sites to surf like the main page with the date time temperature target temp system mode system status and boiler status It can all be seen in the following figure There are also websites for WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure Web Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 e Configuration of the three timers e Configuration of network parameters e Configuration of thermostat parameters e Change of system mode e Change of user name and password for system access e Saving all system parameters onto a flash memory Program memory of the microcontroller e Loading all system parameters from Flash memory SF Geyer oe s LZ EE Gowie Trei aech de zl a A t o Paris Z Gereke ere fen LL neien ae Pre oy G Geseent H SP Cre tun ege W1Znet ETHERNET DESIGN CONTEST 2007 Figure 3 Web browser with the main page loaded There is a real time clock RTC for the measure of time in the system but there is no battery backup system to it So when the system power is down then the real time clock is off and its time and date will be wrong but when the system powers up it uses the time client to set
16. hat the value of the temperature moves The filter formula 1s Temp k Kpast Temp k 1 Knew Temp form ADC k The temperature sensor is a MCP9700 sensor that gives a voltage proportional to the ambient temperature It gives 10mV C Also there is a driver relay to switch on off the contacts from the boiler The human machine local interface HMLI has a LCD display from an old NOKIA 3310 display that is widely used in the internet I also use the LCD library from the http www micropic es and the PCB design from http webs ono com cucaracha I only need to cut out a lot of very interesting functions and font tables because I do not use them and I do not have enough space for it The HMLI also has three buttons One button allows change of the system mode and the other two allow changing the target temperature when the system is in manual mode It is a complex system because it has a lot of parameters so it is very important to save these values in a non volatile memory When the system powers up then it gets all the parameters from the flash memory The values saved may be wrong because an error on the part of the user So there is a possibility of rescuing the default values from the flash while the mode button is still pressed at power up moment WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure W eb Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 3 Hardware Figure 4 Microchip 16 Bit 28 Pin Starter Development Board T
17. he filter parameters that represent the importance of the past and new values respectively The sum of two parameters must be one Finally we have the minimum time from switch to switch in the system for conservation of the boiler life Next you have the three timer config pages When the page charge you can see the actual values of the timer parameters then when you press the apply button the data will be updated WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Secure Web Based Chrono Thermostat Entry 001146 Vom Josee e gag 17 bes xz CT Mandine SPT SS Coram Steng IL Traian ap Ee mu EL gement Figure 21 Timer config page We have three timer programs but the priority is from 1 to 3 so the number one has the high priority If the three timers are active as the same time then the target temperature is the one that has the most priority You can choose the on time off time target temperature for this period and which days of the week it must be active Through the next link CHANGE MODE one may change the system mode from timers to manual on and off The link reopens the main page to monitor the system status This 1s a networkable device so we need to can change the network parameters to adapting to the environment installation You can do it here We can see the default values in the following figure The operative network parameters change instantly except for the web port none If you would
18. he prototype system was built around a Microchip 16 Bit 28 Pin Starter Development Board In addition to these four other boards were manufactured I wire the development board to the others with yellow prototype wires in one case LCD board and with soldered wires to a connector in the development board in others Wiznet Temperature sensor relay and switches One board carries the graphic LCD This printed circuit board make the pins of a Nokia 3310 LCD display accessible The LCD display carry a PCD8544 48x84 pixels matrix LCD controller driver and the proper Liquid Crystal Display Figure 5 LCD display adapter board I made another board to interface the WIZ810MJ module that I received from the sample kit requested The adapter board has a connector with only the necessary pins to use the SPI interface so this connector has only eight pins Also the interface board has a few LEDs to WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure Web Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 indicate the RX TX FDX LINK and COL conditions It was very useful for the debugging time Another mission of the wiznet adapter board is to use standard 0 1 pins because the 2mm pin to pin connector from the original wiznet board is very difficult to use in a debugging development environment Figure 6 WIZnet adapter board Another important board carries the temperature sensor It 1s a MCP9700 from Microchip It s a low cost lo
19. it Unlike most chrono thermostats this one wider possibilities e Web based control of the system You can modify Target temperature timers etc WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure W eb Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 e Secure Access to the system by the web interface You need to give the system a user name and a password to access it It is very important because the system will be connected to the internet for remote access e It makes an Automatic date and time setting on at power up This is made possible by its connection to a time server on the Internet The device has a list of addresses to check just in case a particular time server does not operate at the moment of power up so the system will check another one e Web based control of all internal parameters You can modify network parameters IP address IP Mask Ethernet address MAC Gateway IP address and Web port used by the http server machine e Power the chrono thermostat through the Ethernet copper wire PoE Power over Ethernet Therefore it is not necessary to have a High Power supply 110 220V in the installation place e Flash memory to save the configuration parameters e Restoration of default parameters at power up pressing the mode button e Obviously it can adjust the home temperature at a configurable comfortable target temperature e We can configure up to three timers that permit automatic switch on off the system at th
20. not have autonomy problems But it is a problem related to the work environment MASTER SLAVE ARCHITECTURE There are two WIZnet sockets free of use So there is the possibility to use it to make another interface to manage the chrono thermostat from a home central server We can use one for each room that manages a water valve on a radiator and the central server boiler on off switch This architecture permits have external web access to this central server and manage all chrono thermostats WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure Web Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 SENSOR BOILER WEB SERVER ALTERNATIVE LINK May be a lot of problems in the practice to put a cable from the router to the chrono thermostat also between the boiler and the chrono thermostat One solution would be to divide the chrono thermostat in three blocks 1 Web server 2 Sensor and Local Human Machine Interface 3 Boiler Relay These three blocks can be connected together by a RF Link or a X 10 Link but you need three power supplies to the system one to every block WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure Web Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 8 Global System Schematic Relay SPST 16 Bit 28 Pin Microchip development boa a J2 16 Bit 28 Pin Microchip development board e
21. the clock with the correct time and date The RTC feeds its data to a timer system to compare with the timer values and to switch the system on off It also gives its data to the two human machine interfaces the local interface and the web interface The timer unit permits configuration of three switching program with eligible ON OFF times active days in the week and target temperature When the system mode is timers then the system status is controlled by the timer unit WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure W eb Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 The main objective is to build a thermostat so this block is obviously very important but also very easy It has three system modes timer controlled mode manual on mode and manual off mode When the manual mode is activated the system status is modified by the human machine interfaces both local and web However in the timer controlled mode the system status 1s function of the timer unit output If the system status 1s off then the boiler is off Else the boiler switches on off depending on the home temperature the target temperature and the time from the last switch on off occurrence We have an Analog to Digital Converter ADC to convert the voltage from the temperature sensor This conversion is performed every second The ADC has an error of lbit so we place a simple filter between the ADC and the thermostat With the programmable filter we don t see t
22. w power sensor with an accuracy of 2 C from 0 C to 70 C but we can have an accuracy of 0 5 C by applying system calibration at 25 C It is an analog temperature sensor that converts temperature to analog voltage The analog voltage is converted into a numeric value in the ADC of the microcontroller I made a PCB for this component only because it has a 5 Pin SC 70 footprint that it is very difficult to manage With this PCB I can reuse it in other prototypes We can see this PCB in the following figure Figure 7 Temperature sensor board Finally there is one relay and two switches with its associated components soldered in the prototype board because it has a little area in its bottom to solder components into a pad matrix WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure W eb Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 Figure 8 Relay and switches WIZnet iEthernet Design Contest 2007 Entry Secure W eb Based Chrono Thermostat 001146 4 Circuit The circuit is very simple In the Figure 9 we can see the chart of the all components but the 16 Bit 28 Pin Development board from Microchip There are two representations of the J2 connector from de development board On the left bottom there is a copy of the development board documentation In the middle we have the same block with the label of the pins adapted to the application We have a more readable copy of Figure 9 at end of the document HGT 1 Ait HTH
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