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1. shown in Figure 3 Part Il Getting Serious Figure 3 COMPOSE Edit Screen Edit Cursor Command Ticks Music Score 4 s Im M Indi Option Window ode Indicators Edit Staff M Na Command Input OTR 240 MEASURE 8 FREE 3347 Status Lines Edit Screen Symbols Music Score Displays the musical score for the selected voice as it will be played Edit Cursor Used to select the position of a note or command along the score and the pitch of a note to be entered Command Ticks Indicates that there are COMPOSE commands in the Music Score The Key and Time signatures are also Command Ticks but are displayed in standard musical notation The command represented by a Command Tick can be displayed by using the Current Command Indicator See next page Edit Staff Allows the selected note tied notes rests or triplets to be displayed before being entered to the score Option Window Used to select the desired note length accidental sharp flat or natural or edit mode Part Il Getting Serious Edit Mode Indicators INS Insert mode active Notes entered to score will be inserted immediately to the left of the current Edit Cursor position eT w Tied note mode is active Notes and rests entered to the Edit Staff will be tied Accidentals are indicated by the appropriate symbol sham flat or natural Speaker symbol Edit speaker active Causes each note of the current voice to be sounded as the E
2. your speech program disk php Figure 10 EDIT TTS PARMS Screen with default parameters Text to Speech Parameters Slot 4 Volume 15 12 Rate O 15 11 Inflection O 31 11 Indicator Y N H Are these correct Y H In the above procedure EDIT TTS PARMS is the BASIC program which actually modifies the TTS parameters EDIT TTS PARMS loads the binary US file into memory and displays its current speech parameters allowing you to change the parameters and save the US file back to the disk For this reason US and EDIT TTS PARMS must be under the currently prefixed directory name About the second speech chip socket The Phasor currently speaks only through the lower channel channel B The empty socket on the Phasor is for a channel A speech synthesizer circuit chip for future expansion The software required to support this chip is not currently available 24 Part Il Getting Serious Sound Effects Sound Builder The Sound Builder menu option of the Phasor Effects Menu allows you to experiment and explore the capabilities of the Phasor s four sound generator chips With the Sound Builder you can create special sound effects and save them on disk for playback from within your own Applesoft BASIC programs For experienced programmers only When the Sound Builder is first accessed the Sound Builder Help Screen is displayed This screen summarizes all of the single key commands used to cr
3. 4 4 4096 1 123412341P2P3P4P 0 1 sequential step 1 240 240 no default value 8192 55000 25 0 20 65500 OFF PRE fix _ prefix lt cr gt Depending on the optional argument this command can be used to set or display the current ProDOS prefix only for Phasor music files The normal default music file prefix is the same as the COMPOSE program prefix This command affects only the music file prefix it does not alter the COMPOSE program prefix The prefix entered as the command argument must be a valid ProDOS pathname If no leading slash delimiter is used the prefix will be appended to the existing prefix 13 Part Il Getting Serious CATALOG LOAD SAVE The current music prefix can be displayed only if it is different from the default prefix To display the current prefix enter the command followed by a space Be careful Not entering a command argument and pressing Return or the spacebar will clear the current music prefix and reset the default music prefix If you do not wish to change or clear the prefix press the ESC key to cancel the command List a disk directory CAT alog _ prefix lt cr gt The prefix or ProDOS pathname entered as the command argument determines the directory to be listed If no argument is specified the currently prefixed directory is cataloged Load a Phasor music file from a ProDOS device disk LOA d filename pathname or lt cr gt Loads the file specified by th
4. a file type of MUSS The BASIC SYSTEM file on the Phasor program disk has been modified to display the Phasor music files as a file type of MUSS If the file directory is displayed under an unmodified BASIC SYSTEM file the file type will appear as F5 A LF Apple Music Synthesizer files in their original DOS 3 3 format are Integer files and have a filename prefixed with an M The colon in a filename is not allowed under ProDOS so it is automatically changed to a period during DOS 3 3 to ProDOS conversion Applied Engineering Super Music Synthesizer music files also in DOS 3 3 format are binary files and contain a B filename prefix When converted to Pro DOS format the filenames and file tyoes remain the same The Phasor conversion utility will first prompt you for a source pathname then a destination pathname An equal sign can be entered in place of the destination pathname if it is the same as the source If the source and destination pathnames are the same the utility will load a source file into memory delete the source unlocked file on disk and save the file back to the disk dropping the B or M filename prefix and changing the file type to MUSS or F5 If you specify a destination pathname different from the source the converted files will be copied to the destination without affecting the source files The converted files can then be loaded into the COMPOSE music editor as long as they are not large
5. are numbered beginning with measure 0 The end of the last measure in a voice is indicated by the Current Command Indicator message STOP In the highest numbered voice the end of the last measure is indicated by END The Music Player will stop if it encounters an END Indicates the number of available entries commands or notes remaining Each COMPOSE Music file can contain up to 3 357 entries 9 Part Il Getting Serious COMPOSE Editor Controls Here is a quick summary of the basic COMPOSE Music Editor controls Function Command key Scroll the Options Window selections Left and Right caret lt or gt Keys upper or lower case or Game Paddle 0 Move Edit Cursor up or down Up and Down Arrows or Game Paddle 1 Move Edit Cursor left or right Left and Right Arrows Select Option Window item Open Apple Key or Game Button 0 Transfer from Edit Staff to the Music Score Closed Apple Key or Game Button 1 Advance one measure at a time TAB Apple II Plus users TAB CTRL I Advances are made to the first NOTE to be played not command in a measure Entering Notes IMPORTANT Before entering any notes into a new music file move the Edit Cursor past the default Command Ticks Use the TAB key or Right Arrow key to advance to the first note in Measure 0 First move the Edit Cursor to the desired position in the Music Score In a NEW music file this is MEASURE 0 Next scroll through the Option Window until the desired not
6. default list corresponds to voice 1 therefore the value of 1 at this position assigns voice 1 to chip 1 Output will be to Channel B Position 8 in the list contains a 4 This assigns voice 8 to chip 4 Chip 4 output is to Channel A Position 11 of this default code list contains a 3P This means that voice 11 is assigned to chip 3 and can be used as a percussive voice See also PERcussion command description Chip assignments within the code list argument can be in any order The number of voices created by the EDIt command determines the maximum number of code list positions If the POSition command is used to define only the first three positions of six possible voices the remaining three voices will be added in default position order If an error is made in entering a code press the ESC key and re enter the command and argument The POSition command displays the position code list currently in effect DO NOT enter a space and a carriage return unless you want to reset the code list to the default order Press the ESC key to cancel the command 17 Part Il Getting Serious DELETE TRANSPOSE Delete commands or notes DEL ete _ 1 65535 lt cr gt This command is used to delete a string of commands notes or rests from the current voice The number of entries deleted is determined by the value of the command argument The specified number of entries will be deleted starting at the current Edit Cursor position until
7. in BINSSOUNDS CALL 38203 Reset all four chips silence CALL 38206 Update a particular register in the chip specified in 9539 CALL 38209 Send all 14 bytes to registers of the chip specified in 9539 The sound synthesizer chip registers are numbered from 0 to 13 as follows 0 ona A WwW N 11 12 13 PAL low byte of pitch for voice A PAH high byte of pitch for voice A PBL PBH PCL PC H Noise width 00 to FF Enable bits 0 0 nc nb na tc tb ta ta 0 for tone in voice A tb 0 for tone in voice B tc 0 for tone in voice C na 0 for noise in voice A nb 0 for noise in voice B no 0 for noise in voice C Volume and Envelope flag voice A Volume and Envelope flag voice B Volume and Envelope flag voice C Format 0 0 0 m vvvv m 0 for volume control m 1 for envelope control vvvv 0 to F for volume level m 0 only Low byte of envelope length High byte of envelope length Sound shape number 00 to OF 00 03 are the same as 09 04 07 are the same as OF 08 09 _ 0A W 0B TTT 0C 0D TTT 0E OF 29 Phasor software compatibilit list Software title Airsim 3 Apple Cider Spider Auto Gyro Bouncing Kamungas Broadside Clarinet Master Crime Wave Exodus Ultima Ill Flute Master Lady Tut Lancaster Maze Craze Music Construction Set One on One Quest Avatar Ultima IV Saxophone Master Silent Service Skyfox Company Mind
8. is done by turning on the Insert Mode The Insert Mode is toggled turned on or off by selecting INS from the Options Window In the normal mode notes entered from the Edit Staff replace the command or note at the current Edit Cursor position In the Insert Mode notes entered from the Edit Staff are inserted one position before the note or command at the current Edit Cursor position Deleting a Note or command from the Music Score is accomplished by moving the Edit Cursor to the desired note or command position selecting DEL from the Options Window and pressing the Closed Apple key Figure 4 Single Key Shortcuts Edit Cursor UP Up Arrow or CTRL K Edit Cursor DOWN Down Arrow or CTRL J Edit Cursor RIGHT one space Right Arrow Edit Cursor LEFT one space Left Arrow Voice 1 through 9 Keys 1 through 9 Voice 10 0 key zero Voice 11 key hyphen Voice 12 key equal sign Scroll Option Window FORWARD or gt Scroll Option Window BACKWARD or lt Select Option Window character Open Apple key or Paddle Button 0 Enter Note or Rest Closed Apple key or Paddle Button 1 Insert mode toggle ON OFF lori Delete current position Delete key or CTRL D Next measure TAB or CTRL Quit Cancel Keyboard Command ESC key Help Screen or any undefined Control Key These single key commands are summarized on the COMPOSE Keyboard Command Table Figure 5 as Keys Entering COMPOSE Keyboard Commands This section describes the three
9. present time signature on the Music Score TIM e 1 19 1 16 lt cr gt This command will set the time signature at the current Edit Cursor position for only the current voice The time signature can be changed at any point in the Music Score The first number of the argument sets the number of 15 Part Il Getting Serious TEMPO MEASURE beats per measure the top number in the time signature and the second number determines which note gets one beat As shown in Measure 0 of a new Music Score the default time signature is 4 4 This indicates that there are four beats per measure the top number and a quarter note the bottom number gets one beat Set the number of beats per minute TEM po 1 65535 lt cr gt This command sets the beat rate for all voices The tempo can be entered in any active voice however for consistency it is recommended that you use only voice 1 Any value between 1 and 65 535 can be entered as the command argument to set the beat rate beats per minute The TEMPO value required to set a specific rate can be calculated with this formula 125 000 000 Tempo value Beat rate x Quarter value If your wish to calculate the Beat Rate for a known TEMPO value 125 000 000 Beat rate Tempo value x Quarter value NOTICE The TEMPO command is not absolutely required If no tempo is defined the PLAY program assumes
10. 1T04 60 POKE 36281 CH 70 CALL 35289 80 NEXT 90 WAIT 49155426 100 CALL 36283 Line 10 sets the HIMEM limit down from 38400 9600 to 36864 9000 The binary file BINSOUNDS loaded in line 20 automatically loads at 9538 Line 30 loads the sound effects file SURF at 9500 just below the BINSOUNDS program In this example the Phasor is installed in slot 2 as indicated in line 40 Line 50 uses the CH variable to set up a FOR NEXT loop to assign a synthesizer chip number for lines 60 and 70 POKE 38201 CH selects the chip to be loaded by the CALL 38209 command The sound chip is activated by loading 14 bytes from the appropriate memory locations into the chip registers Line 90 waits for any key to be pressed before executing line 100 which will deactivate all sound chips BINSOUNDS Technical details The BINSOUNDS program loads into memory starting at location 9538 The fourteen bytes of control parameters for each chip are stored in the 56 bytes from 9500 to 9537 HIMEM should be set no higher than 91 00 Chip 1 9500 950D 381 44 38159 Chip 2 950 E 951 B 38160 38171 Chip 3 951C 9529 38172 38185 Chip 4 952A 9537 38186 38199 Three additional memory locations are for program use 9538 38200 Phasor slot number 9539 38201 Chip number ito 4 for current CALL 38206 or CALL 38209 953A 38202 Register number for current CALL 38206 28 Part Il Getting Serious Three CALL routines are contained
11. Default 55000 As the command argument value is increased the volume level becomes greater The rate at which a note s volume decreases after peak volume DEC ay _ 1 65535 lt cr gt Default 25 As the command argument value is increased the decay rate becomes faster The volume level to be maintained until the Release interval SUS tain _ 0 65535 lt cr gt Default 0 As the command argument value is increased the volume is sustained at a higher level This command does not affect the length of the sustained volume GAP and RELease determine that The minimum amount of time prior to the end of a note that a RELease interval will begin GAP 1 65535 lt cr gt Default 20 At the default GAP value the RELease interval begins 20 time units before the end of the note As the command argument value is increased the release interval begins sooner in the note The final decay rate the rate at which a note s volume decreases to zero after sustained volume REL ease 1 65535 lt cr gt Default 65500 As the command argument value is increased the time period of the final decay rate becomes faster PERCUSSION Toggle percussion mode On or Off PER cussion ON or OFF lt cr gt Default OFF The proper operation of this command is dependent on the voice definitions created by the POSition command This command can be used in all voices and subroutines In the default state the notes of a voice with the P percussiv
12. Envelope Parameters which are described later in this section Unlike a voice a newly created subroutine does not contain any default commands To create a new subroutine enter the SUBroutine command without a command argument Subroutine numbers are assigned automatically and sequentially When a subroutine is displayed on the Music Score the Voice number message displayed at the bottom of the Edit Screen is replaced by a lt SUB gt number message Enter and edit the subroutine just as if it were another voice All subroutines like voices become a permanent part of the music file Once created subroutines cannot be deleted Their contents can be edited or completely deleted but the subroutine number remains valid The end of a subroutine is identified by a RETURN message in the Current Command Indicator line To display a previously created subroutine on the Music Score enter its subroutine number as the SUBroutine command argument Within the 3 357 entry limit of the COMPOSE music file up to 127 subroutines are allowed A command argument value greater than the number of actual subroutines will display the last subroutine 18 Part Il Getting Serious CALL Invoke Call a music file subroutine CAL I _ 1 1 27 lt cr gt When a CALL command is encountered as a music file is being played the program branches to the subroutine specified in the command argument plays through the subroutine and returns to the note o
13. PHASOR USER S Manual APPLIED ENGINEERING v 1 1 Contents Part I Getting Started About This Manual 1 About the Phasor 1 Applied Engineering Technical Support 2 Installing and Testing the Phasor 3 What s Next 6 Part Il Getting Serious The COMPOSE Music Editor 7 Exploring COMPOSE 7 Entering Notes 10 Entering COMPOSE Keyboard Commands 11 Operating System ProDOS Commands 13 COMPOSE Editing Commands 14 Advanced Editing Commands 19 Note Envelope Commands 20 Phasor Speech Programs 23 Editing TTS Parameters 23 About the Second Speech Socket 24 Sound Effects Sound Builder 25 Calling Sounds from Applesoft BASIC 28 BIN SOUNDS Technical Details 28 Figures Part I Getting Started Figure 1 Figure 2 Part Il Getting Serious Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Phasor Controls and Output Jacks Phasor Option Switches COMPOSE Edit Screen Single Key Shortcuts COMPOSE Keyboard Command Table Valid Ranges for Keyboard Commands New File Command Defaults Key Signatures Note Envelope Command Combinations EDIT TTS PARMS Screen Sound Builder Edit Screen Sound Builder Shape Patterns 11 12 13 15 15 21 24 25 27 Part I Getting Started Introduction About This Manual This manual was written for users like us who want to jump right in and use the Phasor but don t like to read lengthy in
14. Phasor will speak only from channel B After you ve had enough advice press the Escape key and select option 2 Talking Keyboard Experiment The Phasor will attempt to say anything you type on the keyboard If a particular word doesn t sound just right try a different phonetic spelling When you re finished just press the Escape key If you have a TimeMaster II H O Clock card in your computer try the Talking Clock option Sound effects demonstration From the Phasor main menu select option 3 Sound Effects Programs then option 1 Sound Effects Demo from the Sound Effects menu Be prepared to dodge bullets and low flying space ships What s next This concludes Part of this manual It has given you a brief introduction to the Phasor and the Phasor Program disk Part Il Getting Serious tells you how to create your own music access the speech synthesizer through BASIC programs and make your own sound effects Part II Getting Serious Introduction Part Getting Started gave you an introduction to the Phasor s music speech and sound synthesis capabilities The information contained in Part Il Getting Serious explains how to create your own music speech and sound effects files COMPOSE Music Editor The instructions for playing music were covered in Getting Started This section explains how to use the COMPOSE music editor to edit and create Phasor songs files Don t worry you don t have
15. Systems Sierra On Line Bandinelli Software Penguin Software SSI Strategic Simulations Mastery in Music Penguin Software Origin Systems Inc Mastery in Music California Pacific Silicon Valley Systems DTI Data Trek Inc Electronic Arts Electronic Arts Origin Systems Inc Mastery in Music Micro Pros Electronic Arts Tactical Armor Command Avalon Hill The Spy Strikes Back Trumpet Master Ultima V Willy Byte Window Zaxxon ZooKeeper Penguin Software Mastery in Music Origin Sytems Inc DTI Data Trek Inc Window Data Soft Earthware Computer Address Northampton MA Coarse Gold CA Box 5067 New Orleans LA Geneva IL Mountain View CA Bend OR Geneva IL Manchester NH Bend OR Davis CA Belmont CA Encinitas CA San Mateo CA San Mateo CA Manchester NH Bend OR Hunt Valley MD San Mateo CA Baltimore MD Geneva IL Bend OR Manchester NH Encinitas CA Watertown MA Chatsworth CA Box 30039 Eugene OR Phone 413 586 6463 209 683 6858 504 856 4825 312 232 1984 415 964 1353 503 382 6978 312 232 1984 800 245 4525 503 382 6978 916 756 2921 415 593 4344 619 436 5055 415 571 7171 415 571 7171 800 245 4525 503 382 6978 301 667 1151 415 571 7171 301 254 5300 312 232 1984 503 382 6978 800 245 4525 619 436 5055 617 734 0023 213 701 9228
16. UME OPEN APPLE POL IS OPTION WINDOW CLOSED APPLE POL 1 IS PITCH NOTE In the command descriptions which follow on pages 13 20 brackets are used to identify required argument data Argument data enclosed by parentheses is optional A Return key entry is shown by a lt cr gt Remember that a space between the command and its argument is important For clarity a spacebar character space is indicated by a underline in the following command examples 12 Figure 6 Valid Ranges for COMPOSE Keyboard Commands Command Range PRE f ix ProDOS pathname CAT alog ProDOS directory LOA d ProDOS pathname filename or SAV e ProDOS pathname filename or required data optional data PLA y QUI t NEW KEY C or 1 7F or 1 7S TIM e 1 19 1 16 TEM po 1 65535 MEA sure 0 65535 ED 1 t VOl ce 1 12 POS ition Twelve voice positions DEL ete 1 65535 TRA nspose 127 0 127 SUB routine 0 127 CAL I 1 127 QUA rter 1 65535 LEN gth 1 65535 SPE ed 1 65535 1 65535 1 127 2 127 S or V ATT ack 1 65535 VOL ume 1 65535 DEC ay 1 65535 SUS tain 0 65535 GAP 1 65535 REL ease 1 65535 PER cussion ON or OFF Operating System ProDOS Commands PREFIX Sets or displays the current ProDOS prefix Part Il Getting Serious Default Same as COMPOSE program Same as COMPOSE program Key of C
17. a TEMPO value of 4096 Move to a specified measure of the current voice MEA sure _ 0 65535 lt cr gt The Edit Cursor will be moved to the first note or rest of the measure specified in the command argument If you wish to edit Command Ticks in the target measure use the left and right arrow keys to position the Edit Cursor Measure 0 is the first measure An argument value greater than the number of measures in the current voice will move the Edit Cursor to the last measure When beginning a new Music Score first enter the MEA 0 command to move the Edit cursor past the initial Command Ticks EDIT Set the number of voices and enter the music file title block EDI t lt cr gt No space is required and no command argument is allowed When entered this command will first prompt you for the number of voices Voices can be added but not deleted from existing music files Enter the desired number between 1 and 12 You will then be prompted to enter the first second third and fourth title lines These title lines will appear in the lower portion of the screen when the music is played When you edit a previously entered title line any characters entered will replace existing characters and any remaining characters to the left of the cursor will be 16 Part Il Getting Serious VOICE POSITION removed when the Return key is pressed The right and left arrow keys can be used to position the cursor without affecting entered tex
18. agnostics or troubleshooting done by you or your dealer Applied Engineering Technical Support 214 241 6069 9AM to 5PM CST Monday through Friday Part I Getting Started Installing and Testing the Phasor Before you begin Make backup copies of both sides of your Phasor Program disk The Phasor Program is on side one side two contains synthesized music selections Neither side is copy protected Store your original disk in a safe place The working backup copies of your Phasor Program disk must be write enabled No write protect tab Here s what you need to use your Phasot Essential equipment One of the following computer systems capable of running ProDOS Apple lle Standard or Enhanced Franklin Ace 2000 series Laser 128 Apple II Plus or Franklin Ace 1000 series with Applesoft BASIC in ROM 48K of RAM on the main board 16K Language Card RAM Game paddles e One disk drive Video monitor Optional equipment e Videx compatible 80 column text card and monitor capable of 80 column text display e RamWorks Memory Expansion card Apple e only RamWorks also functions as an 80 column card and can optionally allow the entire Phasor Program and Songs disk to be loaded to and run from a high speed RAMdisk e TransWarp Accelerator card Creating your own music with the COMPOSE music editor program is appreciably faster at TransWarp speed e Game Paddles Joysticks won t do Game
19. and 3 goes to Phasor speaker channel B chips 2 and 4 to speaker channel A Each of the four sound chips is capable of producing three individual voices designated subchannels A B and C The Tone and Noise commands toggle the on off states for the tone or noise generators Each subchannel or voice can be used to generate a tone white noise or both The frequency of a tone can be specified by the P pitch period command The pitch period can be any number from 0 25 Part Il Getting Serious to 4095 A short pitch period of 1 creates a very high frequency note The longest period is 0 which doesn t make sense unless you think of it as 4096 This formula can be used to calculate the frequency or pitch period of a given tone 1020 484 Frequency Pitch period x 16 2319 27 5 Hz low A note 145 440 Hz middle A note In the formula above 1020484 is the average frequency of the Apple s internal clock usually stated as 1 020484 MHz The W noise width command affects only a voice generating white noise noise ON The noise width value range is from 0 to 31 A low value causes the white noise to be more intense in the higher frequency range A higher value 0 and 31 are highest produces more white noise in the lower frequencies Volume for a given voice can be controlled by the volume V command or the envelope E command The volume command range is from 0 to 15 with 0 being com
20. core Adjust note lengths in one or more voices or subroutines SPE ed _ 1 65535 1 65535 1 127 2 127 S or V lt cr gt This command is used to change the length of all notes rests and QUArter commands in one or more voices or subroutines The lengths are multiplied by the first value in the command argument and divided by the second optional value if specified The range of the speed value changes is specified by the next two values separated by a hyphen The first range value required determines the number of the first voice or subroutine to be altered The second optional range value determines the last voice or subroutine modified Finally an S or V must be entered to specify whether the command is to change a range of subroutines or voices 19 Part Il Getting Serious Note Envelope Commands ATTACK VOLUME DECAY SUSTAIN GAP RELEASE The following commands affect the note envelope or loudness contour of notes played by the Phasor These commands are graphically represented in Figure 9 The music files on side two of the Phasor program disk provide many examples of various Note Envelope combinations The rate volume increase per time unit at which a note s volume increases as it is sounded ATT ack _ 1 65535 lt cr gt Default 8192 As the command argument value is increased the attack rate becomes faster The peak loudness of the Attack interval VOL ume _ 1 65535 lt cr gt
21. d for even an instant the contents of the ProDrive are lost For this reason storing data files in a ProDrive is not recommended Phasor Speech Programs This section tells you how to use the Text to Speech capability of the Phasor from within your own Applesoft BASIC programs You don t have to be an advanced programmer but you should at least have some experience in Applesoft BASIC programming The Text to Speech program TTS is the link between your Applesoft BASIC program and the Phasors speech synthesizer TIS will work only with the Phasor switches set to Phasor mode switches 1 and 2 closed The installation of the Text to Speech software is accomplished by booting ProDOS and BASIC SYSTEM then executing US TTS can be run BRUN from either the immediate keyboard or deferred program mode When executed US installs the Text to Speech software between 7700 30464 and 9600 38400 HIMEM is automatically lowered to 7300 29440 US is initially loaded at 2000 so it is recommended that larger BASIC programs be loaded only after executing US The US program creates five new Applesoft BASIC ampersand amp commands which are used to control the Phasor s Text to Speech feature The five ampersand commands are amp T string Speech string e g fazer is neat or A amp S string Spell string amp W Wait until current string is completed amp l Reinitialize speech amp Q Quit US reset HIMEM to 9600 The follow
22. disk Choose one or all of the selections Adjust the Phasor s volume controls and the amplifier s if applicable as the music is playing If your Phasor is connected to an amplifier and the sound is distorted or becomes very loud when the Phasor volume controls are increased only slightly it is likely that the Phasor s output and the amplifier s input are not properly matched Weak output at higher volume levels could also indicate mismatched impedances Try another set of input ports on the amplifier and make sure to set the amplifier s input selector control to the appropriate ports If you get no output at higher volume Phasor and amplifier combined connect the Phasor outputs directly to the speakers and check again To load the selections from the Phasor Songs disk select the command insert the copy of the backside of the Phasor Program disk enter SONGS and press Return When playing musical selections with the Phasor Music Player the right arrow key is the fast forward button Press any other key to resume playing at normal speed When playing any selections the Escape key will stop the current selection and begin the next Pressing the Escape key twice will cause the program to exit to the Phasor music menu Speech demonstrations Use the Escape key to return to the Phasor Program s main menu Select option 2 Speech Programs Then select option 1 Dr Fay Zor s Advice from the speech menu The
23. dit Cursor is moved forward right across it Keyboard Command Input Line flashing colon prompt Allows special COMPOSE keyboard commands to be entered These commands are summarized in the KEYBOARD COMMAND TABLE and described in the COMPOSE commands section Edit Screen Status Lines Current Command Indicator LEN QTR VOICE MEASURE FREE Identifies the note or command associated with the current Edit Cursor position If the Edit Cursor is positioned at a command tick the command name will be displayed followed by its assigned argument values and variables Rests are indicated by the word REST and the length of the rest Notes are indicated as in this example NOTE BN2 120 In this example NOTE indicates that the Edit Cursor is currently positioned at a note BN2 indicates that the current note is a B natural and is in the second octave Octaves are numbered from 0 to 4 Bass to Treble The length of the current note is 120 Indicates the length of the note or tied notes currently shown on the Edit Staff If the Edit Cursor is used to select a rest LEN will display the length of the rest and the corresponding rest symbol s will be shown on the Edit Staff Indicates the length of a quarter note The COMPOSE program calculates all notes and rests from the assigned length of the quarter note Indicates which voice or subroutine is currently shown on the Music Score Measures of the Music Score
24. e option defined will be sounded as normal musical notes In the ON state the percussive voices will create white noise sound emulating a percussion instrument The Note Envelope commands affect the percussive notes in the same manner as normal notes 20 Part Il Getting Serious Figure 9 Note Envelope Command Combinations VOL 65535 DEC ATT 400 1400 GAP s REL 650 Bass Clarinet lt ___ Note Period _ _i amp VOL 55000 DEC default _ Note Period __ VOL 545 pee ATT id SUS gap TE C E gapas He Fana A Note Peroa o 21 Part Il Getting Serious Converting Music Files Applied Engineering Super Music Synthesizer or A L F Apple Music Synthesizer song files can be converted from DOS 3 3 disk format to ProDOS format and played by the Phasor Music Player Apple Computer s ProDOS Users Disk or System Utilities disk can be used to convert DOS 3 3 files to ProDOS format Once the file is converted to ProDOS file format no further conversion is required to play these files but if the files are to be loaded into the COMPOSE music editor their ProDOS file types must be changed The Convert Song Fire Types option of the Phasor Music Menu enables you to convert A L F Apple Music Synthesizer files and Super Music Synthesizer files into COMPOSE music editor file format To be loaded into the COMPOSE music editor the music files must be binary ProDOS files with
25. e filename or ProDOS pathname into the COMPOSE music editor If only a filename is entered no beginning slash the file is loaded from the currently prefixed directory If the command argument is a filename or partial pathname residing under the current prefix you do not need to enter a leading slash Remember slashes are required between elements of a partial pathname A complete ProDOS pathname must begin with a slash The equal sign can be entered as the command argument to reload the last file loaded or saved Save a Phasor music file to a ProDOS device disk SAV e filename pathname or lt cr gt Saves the music file under the filename or pathname specified in the command argument The rules for the SAVe command argument are the same as for the LOAd command COMPOSE Editing Commands PLAY QUIT NEW Play the Phasor music file PLA y lt cr gt No command argument is allowed The file currently in memory will be played from beginning to end or until the ESC key is pressed Quit and exit COMPOSE Music Editor QUuI t lt cr gt No space is required and no command argument is allowed You will be prompted to enter Y yes or N no to confirm Open a new Phasor music score NEW lt cr gt No command argument is allowed A confirmation prompt will appear below the Edit Staff Answering Y will clear the current music file and create a blank score with the default commands listed below Remember that the commands a
26. e is displayed Press the Open Apple key to enter the note onto the Edit Staff Finally move the Edit Cursor to the desired pitch and press the Closed Apple key to enter the selected note to the Music Score Triplet notes are indicated by a 3 above the note or rest Any note or rest marked as a triplet will be played for two thirds of its normal length Tied Notes can be created by entering a note of a specified length activating the TIE mode from the Options Window and entering the subsequent note or notes to the Edit Staff When the length of a note exceeds the count for a given measure it is automatically converted to tied notes and extended to the next measure Accidentals are entered by using the Open Apple key to select the desired accidental from the Option Window Until the Accidental Mode is deactivated or changed any subsequent note entered will be affected An accidental is a sharp flat or natural not indicated in the key signature Rests are entered by selecting the desired length note from the Option Window and moving the Edit Cursor all the way up or down As the Edit Cursor moves past the highest or lowest pitch on the Music Staff it jumps to the rest position and the rest symbol is displayed on the Edit Staff Pressing the Closed Apple key while the Edit Cursor is in the Rest position will enter the Rest from the Edit Staff to the Music Score 10 Part Ill Getting Serious Inserting a forgotten note or command
27. eate edit load and save sound effects This help screen can be displayed at any time by entering a question mark at the command prompt Pressing the spacebar will display the Sound Builder edit screen Figure 11 Sound Builder Edit Screen CHAN TONE NOISE ENVELOPE PITCH VOLUME LA OFF OFF OFF 1B OFF OFF OFF 1C OFF OFF OFF WIDTH SHAPE 0 LENGTH a 2 JtHOCUPLNP STUUR 7 CHAN TONE NOISE ENVELOPE PITCH VOLUME OFF OFF OFF 2B OFF OFF OFF 20 OFF OFF OFF WIDTH SHAPE LENGTH CHAN TONE NOISE ENVELOPE PITCH VOLUME 3H OFF OFF OFF 3B OFF OFF OFF 3C OFF OFF OFF WIDTH SHAPE LENGTH CHAN TONE NOISE ENVELOPE PITCH VOLUME OFF OFF OFF 4B OFF OFF OFF 4C OFF OFF OFF WIDTH SHAPE LENGTH To simplify the commands Sound Builder directs all parameter commands to only one chip at a time The chip currently being addressed is indicated on the screen by the position of the command line prompt which is displayed in inverse video The characters in the command line prompt are the legal single key commands The command input cursor is a blinking square just to the left of the command line prompt The current voice of the addressed chip A B or C is also identified by inverse video Channels 1 2 3 and 4 represent the Phasor s four sound generator chips These are the same chips used to generate the Phasors synthesized music Sound output from chips 1
28. groups of keyboard commands Operating System Commands Editing Commands and Note Envelope Commands The keyboard commands can be entered at any point and in any voice within the Music Score You only need to enter the first three characters of a command followed by a space the command argument and a carriage return The space following the command is usually required even if an argument is not needed When the first three characters of the command are entered and the spacebar is pressed the remaining letters of the command are automatically added in the Keyboard Command Line The command argument if required can then be entered If a typing error is made while entering a command use the left or right arrow key to edit the entry or press the ESC key to clear the entry completely 11 Part Il Getting Serious Pressing the key or any other non valid command will display the Keyboard Command Table help screen This help screen is shown in Figure 5 For your convenience the valid ranges for all keyboard commands described in this section are summarized in Figure 6 This information is also provided on the Phasor Program disk in a text file which can be printed using a ProDOS based word processor program e g AppleWorks or AppleWriter 2 0 Figure 5 COMPOSE Keyboard Command Table KEYBOARD COMMAND TABLE INVERSE CHARACTERS ARE NECESSARY H ia EASE C SAUE C ia JED D Aila ROUTINE D Sii TAIN E IDE E Iii CE K RICE L WHR
29. he Phasor volume level Turn both volume controls fully COUNTER CLOCKWISE This will initially set both channels of the Phasor s audio output to minimum volume You will adjust to the desired volume levels later Step 3 Install the Phasor in the computer Turn the computer s power OFF and plug the Phasor into any expansion slot except slot 3 If you will be running Mockingboard compatible music programs install the Phasor in slot 4 Don t replace the computers cover yet You still have to adjust the volume controls Step 4 Connect the Phasor outputs Phasor s 4 watt stereo amplifier is capable ofdriving most speaker systems directly If you really want to disrupt your neighborhood you can connect the Phasor s output directly to your stereo amplifiers auxiliary inputs For privacy stereo headphones can be connected directly to the Phasor s output jacks Output connection to the Phasor is made through the two RCA type jacks on the keyboard end of the Phasor The upper connector is channel A the lower is channel B Because of the number of output configurations possible output interface cables are not provided with the Phasor All of the necessary cables connectors or adaptors are available at your local Radio Shack store Speakers and headphones should not have an impedence rating lower than 8 ohms If you connect directly to your stereo amplifier use the amplifiers AUXiliary TAPE or TUNER inputs DO NOT use the PHONO
30. ing Technical Support If you have a technical question relating to your Phasor card please contact the dealer from whom you purchased the card Most dealers are knowledgeable and have the resources to readily answer your question In the event that the dealer cannot answer your question Applied Engineering has a staff of technicians dedicated to answering specific technical questions about Applied Engineering products and software Technical Support representatives are available between the hours of 9 AM and 5 PM CST Monday through Friday The Technical Support telephone number is 214 241 6069 Please call only this number for technical support as our sales office cannot transfer calls to the support lines The support representatives are experienced in many of the applications of Applied Engineering products but in order to provide a quick and effective answer to your question they will need to know as much as possible about the hardware and software specifically related to your question Please provide the technical support representative with the following information e The Applied Engineering product related to your question e The model and configuration of your computer What peripherals are being used e The name version and revision level of the software that you are experiencing problems with e The results of any previous conversations with the software publishers support department The results of any test programs di
31. ing sample program demonstrates the use of the ampersand commands 1 PRINT CHR 4 TIS 20 amp T Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers 30 amp W 4 amp T Thee propper spelling of fazer is 5D amp W 6G amp S PHASOR 7H amp W 89 amp l 9B amp Q 99 END 23 Part Il Getting Serious Editing TTS Speech Parameters The TTS program is initially configured for a Phasor installed in slot 4 If your Phasor is not in slot 4 and the TTS program is to be run from a different disk the US program must first be reconfigured The Phasor Speech Menu program modifies the ITS program in memory to recognize the Phasor in its actual slot Synthesized speech volume inflection and rate parameters can also be altered If you have a set of game paddles the Paddle Talk option on the Phasor Speech Menu provides a convenient way to experiment with different speech parameter values If the indicator parameter is set to Y as each character is spoken the letter in the upper right corner of the screen will change Here s the recommended method for configuring the US parameters Boot a Backup copy of the Phasor program disk Select the Speech Programs options from the main menu and then the Edit Speech Parameters option from the Speech Menu 3 Enter and accept the US parameters for the desired configuration 4 Boot a ProDOS file copy utility program and copy the newly configured US program to
32. inputs Step 5 Configure the Phasor Program disk Boot the write enabled backup copy of the Phasor Program disk The Phasor startup program will search for an installed Phasor and display this message Phasor is configured for slot X with music graphics enabled X represents the Phasor s slot Enter Y if the statement is correct If your Phasor is in another slot answer N and enter the correct slot number To enable or disable the graphics option answer Y or N to the prompt Graphics during play The graphics display gives your eyes something to do while your ears are enjoying the music It has no effect on the music Whenever this disk is booted it will expect the Phasor to be installed in the configured slot If it is not it will find the Phasor and ask you to confirm the configuration again You can also change the configuration at any time by selecting the main menu option Change Phasor Slot Part Getting Started Step 6 Test the Phasor NOTE The Escape key is the Phasor Program s panic button Pressing the Escape key anywhere in the program will return to the previous menu Phasor Music Player Make sure the Phasor s volume controls are turned all the way down Fully counterclockwise Select option 1 Music Programs from the Phasor Program disk s main menu then select option 1 Phasor Music Player from the music menu Allow the program to load and display the catalog of songs from the
33. ntinuous volume level of 15 continuous volume level of 0 Shape Volume number Pattern Pattern description 0 Repeating downward ramp cycles with volume from 15 to 0 on each ramp cycle 1 _ One downward ramp to a sustained 0 volume 2 W Repeating downward then upward ramp cycles 3 TTT One downward ramp followed by a sustained volume of 15 4 Hil Repeating upward ramp cycles 5 TTT One Upward ramp maintaining a volume of 15 6 NM Repeating upward then downward ramp cycles 7 I One upward ramp dropping to a sustained 0 volume The sound effect for single channels can be activated by the X execute current channel command All channels can be played with the Y command The sound from all channels can be stopped with the 0 deactivate command The slash command provides access to the disk commands SAVE LOAD and CATALOG The ESC key can be used to cancel an unentered command or exit the Sound Builder Several sample sound effects files are provided on the Phasor Program disk The files SOUND 1 SOUND 2 SOUND 3 SOUND 4 and SURF demonstrate the effects of different sound envelope combinations 27 Part Il Getting Serious Calling Sounds from Applesoft BASIC The following BASIC program outlines the procedure for calling a sound effects file created by the SOUND BUILDER program 10 HIIMEM 36064 20 PRINT CHR 4 BLOAD BIN SOUNDS 30 PRINT CHR 4 BLOAD SURF R 9500 40 SLOT 2 POKE 30200 SLOT 5 FOR CH
34. paddles are supported by the COMPOSE music editor and speech synthesis programs which are explained in Part Il of this manual Part Getting Started Installation procedure Step 1 Set the switches Locate the option switch block on the Phasor card See Figure 1 The Phasor is shipped from the factory with all four switches set to the CLOSED position This is called Phasor Mode Figure 1 Phasor controls and output jacks Channel B Volume Channel A Volume Option Switches Channel A Output Shee o O g O U EOY Channel B Output a o O ae To change a switch setting flip the rocker switch by pressing in on the small indentation at the top or bottom of the rocker just as you would a rocker type household light switch Pressing the rocker in at the end nearest the word OPEN will open the switch or turn it OFF The switch can be moved to the CLOSED or ON position by pressing in at the end nearest the row of numbers on the switch block Never use a pen or pencil to change a switch setting Use a small pointed object like a wooden toothpick or bent out paper clip Figure 2 Phasor option switches Mode Selection Switch 1 CLOSED Software selectable mode The Phasor mode Open Hardware mode selection The actual mode is determined by the position of switch 2 Switch 2 Open Echo mode Closed Mockingboard mode Switch 3 Not used Switch 4 Not used Part I Getting Started Step 2 Set t
35. pletely silent A sound envelope has two parameters which can be controlled the shape S and the envelope period L or length The volume of all voices which are under the control of an envelope will rise or fall at a rate determined by the envelope period length specified Depending on which of eight different shapes is selected the volume will step ramp from 0 to 15 or from 15 to 0 during a period The time for up or down ramp can be determined by the following formula 256 x Length Time for ramp 1 020 484 The envelope length can be any value from 0 to 65535 The shortest length is 1 The longest period is 0 65536 The actual meaning of the length parameter is that the volume is incremented or decremented at a rate equal to 1020484 length x 16 or 63780 25 length cycles per second The eight shape options selectable under the S command are numbered 0 through 7 Two of the shapes cause the envelope to play for one period only followed by silence Two others generate one ramp followed by full volume The other four repeat in a pattern For voices with the envelope option ON the different sound shapes are represented in the envelope column of the Phasor Sound editor screen by the symbols shown in Figure 12 26 Part Il Getting Serious Figure 12 Sound Builder Shape Patterns downward ramp pattern volume falling from 15 to 0 upward ramp pattern volume rising from 0 to 15 T co
36. r command in that particular voice One or more voices can call the same subroutine at the same time If a subroutine number greater than the last available subroutine is called the command is ignored This command is indicated on the Edit Screen by a Command Tick between the staves of the Music Score Advanced Editing Commands QUARTER LENGTH SPEED Set the length of a quarter note QUA rter _ 1 65535 lt cr gt The default value for a quarter note is 240 The command argument sets the length in time units of a quarter note for the current voice or subroutine A time unit is approximately two milliseconds for a TEMPO value of 4096 This command affects only the notes and rests entered following it not those entered prior to it The length of all standard notes and rests in a given voice or subroutine are calculated as multiples or submultiples of the current value of the Quarter note Keep this in mind when assigning a non standard value for the quarter note Inaccurate note rest lengths can result if the calculated lengths are not an even multiple of the quarter note value Create a note or rest of non standard length LEN gth _ 1 65535 lt cr gt This command can be used to assign a specific length in time units to a note or rest The value entered as the command argument will be assigned as the length of the note or rest shown on the Edit Staff This command is useful for entering a series of rests in a Music S
37. r than 21 ProDOS disk blocks and do not contain more than 3 357 entries The conversion utility can also be used to convert Phasor music files back to A L F Apple Music Synthesizer or Super Music Synthesizer compatible files which can then be converted to DOS 3 3 format Copy Disk to RAM Option This Phasor main menu option is available only on an Apple e with a RamWorks auxiliary memory expansion card installed The expanded auxiliary memory of the RamWorks card will be used to create a ProDrive emulated solid state disk drive to which the contents of the Phasor Program disk will be copied and from which they will be executed Phasor Program files will be loaded to memory from a ProDrive much faster than from a conventional drive Being able to run the Phasor programs from a ProDrive is very useful on a single disk drive system When the Phasor Program disk is booted the startup program checks for the presence of a RamWorks auxiliary memory expansion card with at least 192K of memory If the amount of auxiliary memory is less than 192K the Copy Disk to RAM option will not appear Should you need to exit to Applesoft BASIC and wish to return to the Phasor Program set the ProDOS prefix to RAM and run the BASIC program STARTUP 22 Part Il Getting Serious Even though a ProDrive is convenient and fast it is a volatile storage medium It is only temporary storage When the computer is rebooted or power is remove
38. re represented by the Command Ticks between the staves of the Music Score 14 KEY TIME Part Il Getting Serious Figure 7 New File Command Defaults Voice 1 Measure 0 Key C no flats or sharps Time 4 4 Quarter note length 240 Transpose 0 Attack 8192 Volu me 55000 Decay 25 Sustain 0 Gap 20 Release 65500 Set the present key signature of the Music Score KEY nF or nS lt cr gt This command will set the key signature at the current Edit Cursor position for only the current voice The n variable in the command argument represents the number of sharps 5 or flats F to be entered For example the argument for the key of E flat major would be entered as 3F If the Return key is pressed with no command argument the key signature will be changed to C no sharps or flats The key signature can be changed at any point in the Music Score Cancelled sharps or flats from the preceding key signature will be indicated by naturals on the music score The key signatures and their command arguments are provided in Figure 8 Figure 8 Key Signatures G major E minor 1S D major B minor 2S A major F sharp minor 3S E major C sharp minor 4S B major G sharp minor 5S F sharp major D sharp minor 6S C sharp major A sharp minor 7S F major D minor 1F B fiat major G minor 2F E flat major C minor 3S A flat major F minor 4S D flat major B flat minor 5S G flat major E flat minor 6S C flat major A flat minor 7S Set the
39. structions Everyone should read Part Getting Started It tells you how to install the Phasor in your computer and then how to use the music speech and sound effect demonstration programs provided on the Phasor Program disk Part Il Getting Serious explains how to create your own music sound effects or speech files About the Phasor The Phasor is a complete high performance stereo music sound and speech synthesizer for the Apple e or Il Plus computer It offers 12 musical and sound effect voices including 4 white noise generators for percussive sounds The Phasor also provides high quality text to speech capability Phasor s powerful 4 watt audio amplifier allows direct connection to speakers or headphones The Phasor is compatible with most software written for the Mockingboard A L F Apple Music Synthesizer Echo card and Applied Engineering s Super Music Synthesizer Menu driven user friendly software provided with the Phasor enables you to play and create your own music speeches and sound effects right away We hope you have as much fun using the Phasor as we had developing it WARNING Applied Engineering will not be responsible for shattered windows cracks in plaster or government personnel mistakenly thinking an alien attack is taking place in your neighborhood Phasor is equipped with volume controls Please keep them at an appropriate level Thank you Part I Getting Started Applied Engineer
40. t Leading spaces can be used to center the title lines on the screen Select and display the specified voice on the Music Score VOl ce _ 1 12 lt cr gt The Edit Cursor will be moved to the first_entry measure 0 of the voice specified in the command argument The default number of voices in a new music file is one Before additional voices can be addressed by this command use the EDIT command to set the number of voices allowed Specify voice channels and percussion voices POS ition _ 123412341P2P3P4P lt cr gt Looks confusing doesn t it It s not really The POSition command allows you to specify which voices are to be played by channel A and which are to be played by channel B The Phasor uses four integrated circuit devices chips to generate the twelve possible musical voices Each of these chips is capable of synthesizing three voices one of which can be a percussive voice These chips are designated 1 2 3 and 4 Chips 2 and 4 generate Channel A voices and 3 generate Channel B voices The POSition command argument is actually a code list used to specify which of the available voices are assigned to a given chip Each position in the code list represents a voice beginning with voice 1 The position of a chip number in the code list determines the chip assignment for the corresponding voice The default code list for a full twelve voices also shown in the syntax example is 123412341 P2P3P4P The first position in the
41. the end of the voice or subroutine Raise or lower the pitch of a note or notes TRA nspose _ 127 0 127 lt cr gt When played the pitch of any notes following this command in the current voice will be increased or decreased by the number of quarter steps specified in the command argument A transposed pitch will always be relative to the pitch indicated on the Music Score For example a high C to be transposed one octave down middle C would require an argument value of 24 An argument of zero will reset the pitch of subsequent notes to their indicated pitch CAUTION The pitch accuracy of notes transposed beyond one or two octaves above or below the range of the Edit Cursor may become unacceptable Pitch accuracy two octaves above the high end of the scale diminishes quickly SUBROUTINE Create or display a music or command phrase SUB routine _ 1 127 lt cr gt A subroutine can be a set or a combination of notes rests or commands which can be called at any point in a given voice or voices See the CALL command description for an explanation of how to call a subroutine A subroutine is very similar to a voice except that a subroutine can be called by one or more voices at the same time Since the size of a COMPOSE music file is limited to 3 357 entries subroutines are an excellent way to conserve file space Subroutines are useful for playing musical passages which are repeated often They can also be used to define special Note
42. to be a composer or musician to use the COMPOSE music editor Even a non musician will be able to create a Phasor music file by copying notes from a page of sheet music but trying to learn everything at once can be very confusing and frustrating Don t rush Take it one step at a time First read Exploring COMPOSE become familiar with the basic operation of the music editor Then read the next section COMPOSE Commands to learn more about the more advanced features and commands After just a few minutes of practice you will be able to use COMPOSE to create your own Phasor music files What you need All that is required to use the COMPOSE editor on an Apple lie Laser 128 or Franklin ACE 2x00 system is a Phasor correctly installed If you are using an Apple II Plus you will need a set of game paddles Only use a backup copy of the Phasor program disk Keep your original in a safe place While you re at it format a couple of data disks to store your musical creations ProDOS format Exploring COMPOSE The COMPOSE program is entered by selecting the Compose Music Editor option of the Phasor Music Menu The first screen displayed is a HELP screen the KEYBOARD COMMAND TABLE shown in Figure 5 This same help screen will be re displayed any time a non valid keyboard entry is made These commands will be described in detail in the Entering COMPOSE Keyboard Commands section Pressing the spacebar will display the COMPOSE Edit Screen

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