User`s Manual for the CRREL Multi-Increment Sampling Tool
Contents
1. Corer Number of increments to reach given mass g Diameter cm 2 0 3 0 4 0 Soil Density g cc 1 5 Core Depth cm 2 5 Corer Number of increments to reach given mass g Diameter cm 2 0 3 0 4 0 ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 Soil Density g cc 1 6 Core Depth cm 2 5 Corer Diameter cm Number of increments to reach given mass g 2 0 3 0 4 0 Soil Density g cc 1 7 Core Depth cm 2 5 Corer Diameter cm Number of increments to reach given mass g 2 0 3 0 4 0 Soil Density g cc 1 8 Core Depth cm 2 5 Corer Diameter cm Number of increments to reach given mass g 2 0 3 0 4 0 Soil Density g cc 2 0 Core Depth cm 2 5 Corer Diameter cm Number of increments to reach given mass g 2 0 3 0 4 0 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE rornappioyed OMB No 0704 0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response including the time for reviewing instructions searching existing data sources gathering and maintaining the data needed and completing and reviewing this collection of information Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of inform2. 24 SS hex nuts and two 3 s in 24 SS serrated flange nuts A depth control disk attaches to the end of the threaded rod opposite the knob The disk size will depend on the coring bit size Coring bits come in three standard sizes 2 3 and 4 cm diameter All bits are stainless steel machined from a solid blank The thread size is 1 78 in 12 The inside of the bit is tapered at a 1 angle to expedite removal of the sample plug The tips are double beveled to provide a sharp cutting edge as well as strength The recommended usable length of the coring bits is 5 cm If the need arises longer coring bits can be supplied to obtain longer sample plugs although longer plugs are more difficult to obtain and extract especially in more consolidated hard packed soils Supporting tools and equipment To ensure proper operation of the CMIST we recommend the following tools and equipment shown in Figure 2 Two 9 16 in open end wrenches are needed to assemble and adjust the pusher assembly A set of slip joint pliers is used to install and remove the coring bits These pliers should have a range of 2 5 to 5 cm A metric graduations tape measure is needed to set the depth of the pusher mechanism A half round metal file is useful to maintain the edge of the bits and a 0 5 kg dead blow lead shot filled hammer is indispensable when a sample gets stuck in the bit or when sampling in compact soil If samples are to be split such as with a s
3. adjustment nuts and depth adjustment mechanism disk do not loosen Their status may not need to be addressed immediately but be aware of them at all times Soil and vegetation will sometimes also build up around and behind the disk causing the depth mechanism to be hard to operate Be prepared to address this immediately because it will adversely affect the increment mass and thus the sample quality Finally periodically check the tip to make sure it has not been loosened from the mount The flange of the bit should be tight up against the mount at all times to ensure proper increment depth and to protect the mounting threads CAN Figure 8 Field maintenance of the CMIST tool ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 13 After collecting a multi increment sample and cleaning the tool inspect the tip of the coring bit If the tip is damaged and especially if it is bent inward you will need to straighten it with pliers and re sharpen the tip with the half round file A damaged coring bit can cause the disk to jam further damaging the unit and resulting in a loss in efficiency Make sure the tip is tightly secured against the flange before reuse of the tool ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 14 7 Conclusion The CMIST device was developed by CRREL for sampling soil in areas with non homogeneous contaminants that are distributed as particles It has a simple rugged design that is very easy to use and maintain It is eas ily ad
4. process Finally a couple boxes of clean ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 paper wipes Kimwipes or Techwipes are handy for wiping down the CMIST tool DIAMOND SICR ELEX Figure 3 Some cleaning supplies and equipment for the CMIST ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 3 Setting Up the CMIST Setting up the CMIST is quite easy First the coring bit must be selected This is determined in large part by the number of increments to be taken per sample or the depth of the increments A good rule of thumb is to col lect enough mass to end up with a 1 and 2 kg sample To determine the correct core diameter work backwards from this as follows Note The first three inputs are predetermined in the sampling plan In our example we will use typical values for energetics residues sampling e Target mass per sample M 1 2 kg e Sampling depth D 2 5 cm e Number of increments n 40 Soil density p 1 6 g cc standard soil density per ASCE a good start ing estimate The formula for determining the sample mass is M pn D T 0 2 1 where is the coring bit diameter To solve for we get 2 M np Dem 2 1200 4041 642 54m For our example the best choice of core diameter is 3 cm which will pro duce a sample mass of slightly less than 1 2 kg This is the theoretical re sult Vegetation differences in density of the soil moisture content and other variables will affec
5. steel base with a combination depth control increment ejection pusher mechanism and interchange able stainless steel SS bits Figure 1 It disassembles easily for packing and transport and will fit in most 50 L 12 gal coolers or a 36 x 56 cm shipping container Rubbermaid ActionPacker Model 1172 Component sizes and weights are given in Table 1 See Appendix A Table A1 for a parts list for both tool and supporting equipment Figure 1 The CRREL Multi Increment Sampling Tool Coring tips are 2 3 and 4 cm diameter left to right Corresponding disks are shown below the handle The handle is a lightweight aluminum weldment that attaches to the base with an 8 mm diameter x 3 2 cm 5 16 x 1 25 in quick release pin The standard length is 56 cm but shorter lengths are possible through an easy ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 modification of the existing handle done by cutting it to length and then cross drilling with a 9 mm bit at 2 cm from the end Table 1 CMIST component weights and dimensions Component Weight Dimensions cm Handle 0 43 kg 26 Wx 56L Base assembly 1 8 kg 26Wx44L Coring bits 3 1 1 kg 350 g each 5x 8 5L The base assembly has attachment points for the handle and the inter changeable coring bits The bits thread onto the lower end of the base The integral depth pusher mechanism consists of an aluminum knob a 23 cm length of 3 4 in 24 SS threaded rod four 3 in
6. EMENT Approved for public release distribution is unlimited 13 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14 ABSTRACT The CRREL Multi Increment Sampling Tool CMIST was developed to facilitate collecting multi increment soil samples The design is simple yet flexible enabling the investigator to configure the tool to meet the collection needs of the sampling plan This manual describes the tool how to use the tool and how to maintain the tool in the field 15 SUBJECT TERMS Multi increment sampling sampling design sampling tools soil samples 16 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF 17 LIMITATION 18 NUMBER 19a NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES a REPORT b ABSTRACT c THIS PAGE 19b TELEPHONE NUMBER Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified 29 include area code NSN 7540 01 280 5500 Standard Form 298 Rev 8 98 Prescribed by ANSI Std 239
7. SR 09 1 ADJUST WITH LOCK WITH THIS NUT THIS NUT Figure 5 Setting the stop for sample depth To adjust the disk position for increment ejection push face of the disk all the way to the coring bit tip Run the nuts up to the guide and tighten them against each other to lock them in place The disk should be flush or a little recessed into the end of the bit Figure 6 Maladjustment of the disk posi tion will result in an overhanging disk This will catch on the coring bit tip when taking a sample increment damaging the disk and tip and prevent ing the tip from penetrating the ground The ejection setting should not have to be readjusted if the depth is changed This setting will only need to be changed if a different length coring bit is installed Figure 6 Correct final position of the disk for increment ejection ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 4 Use of the Tool in the Field The CMIST sampler is best used in soils that are cohesive but not hard packed We have used the tool in non cohesive soils that are sandy or gravelly with large cobbles but the increment mass was consistent and the large cobbles took a toll on the tip of the coring bits The tool can also be used in hard pack However the sampling technician needs to have some mass to drive the bit into the ground and a dead blow hammer should be used to eject the increment to prevent hand injuries We have found that a two person team is most efficien
8. US Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center User s Manual for the CRREL Multi Increment Sampling Tool Michael R Walsh June 2009r Approved for public release distribution is unlimited Front cover photo Characterization of a demolition range at Fort Richardson Alaska by a joint Canadian U S re search team using prototype CRREL multi increment sampling tools ERDC CRRELL SR 09 1 June 2009 User s Manual for the CRREL Multi Increment Sampling Tool Michael R Walsh Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory U S Army Engineer Research and Development Center 72 Lyme Road Hanover NH 03755 1290 Final report Approved for public release distribution is unlimited Prepared for Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program Arlington VA 22203 Under Project ER 1481 ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 Abstract The CRREL Multi Increment Sampling Tool CMIST was de veloped to facilitate collecting multi increment soil samples The design is simple yet flexible enabling the investigator to configure the tool to meet the collection needs of the sampling plan This manual describes the tool how to use the tool and how to maintain the tool in the field ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 Table of Contents Figures atid Tables ABA iii PHOPACC AA E E A A EAE A E T sadancdeesduensudsosasiausd iv Unit Conversion Factors sssssscsscsscssceseenseseee
9. ads 6e MC 7364T75 Brush parts cleaning MC 7448T67 M C 9864T52 M C 9864T15 Pail 20 L w cover 1 Field waste storage Replacements Replacements ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 16 Item Description Supplies Disposables Kimwipes or Techwipes i2 M C 7036T12 Acetone 6 057 L should work TU Sample Collection Materials Decision unit demarcation Marking area to be sampled Flagging PVC stake Color qty size discretion FSI 33702 ar Wrench Allen T handle Setting pin flags in hard soil M C 5374A55 Stake survey 4 ft Marking corners and active ee lanes Tape measure 30 m Lay out DU FSI 39941 Tapemeasure 8m J FSH 39415 Rangefinder Nikon 1200 7 x 35 1 11 1200 yd Eagle Optic RAN NK 8358 Flagging roll pink Marking avoidance items FSI 57905 6 mil LB 106 1515 6 mil LB 106 1217 Tags 2 5 x 5 in self id NAGGEAN Brimar Ref laminating CRREL Invoice 96886 button sized M L XL 31 32 or 33 Vestforeach surveyor High visibility orange Site specific items masks etc 8 Depends on operation area Baa A Book recording level 2 Field sample logging and FSI 49496 Rite notes in the Rain Marker black fine point Marking bags and tags Sharpie permanent Marker black X fine point 6 Field book and tags Po Container storage lockable 2 To carry kit Rubbermaid Ac tion Packer 24 gal Locks keyed alike To loc
10. ation including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense Washington Headquarters Services Directorate for Information Operations and Reports 0704 0188 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway Suite 1204 Arlington VA 22202 4302 Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS 1 REPORT DATE DD MM YYYY 2 REPORT TYPE 3 DATES COVERED From To June 2009 FINAL 4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a CONTRACT NUMBER User s Manual for the CRREL Multi Increment Sampling Tool 5b GRANT NUMBER 5c PROGRAM ELEMENT 6 AUTHOR S 5d PROJECT NUMBER Michael R Walsh ER 1481 5e TASK NUMBER 5f WORK UNIT NUMBER 7 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME S AND ADDRESS ES 8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT U S Army Engineer Research and Development Center ERDC NUMBER Cold Regional Research and Engineering Laboratory CRREL ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 72 Lyme Road Hanover NH 03755 1290 9 SPONSORING MONITORING AGENCY NAME S AND ADDRESS ES 10 SPONSOR MONITOR S ACRONYM S Strategic Environmental Research and SERDP ESTCP Development Program Environmental Security Technology Certification Program 11 SPONSOR MONITOR S REPORT 901 N Stuart St Suite 303 NUMBER S ARLINGTON VA 22203 12 DISTRIBUTION AVAILABILITY STAT
11. eeeeeeeeeeeaeeees 4 5 T 8 8 10 12 ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 iv Preface This work has been funded by the U S Department of Defense through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program Projects CP 1155 and ER 1481 and the Environmental Security Technology Certifi cation Program Project ER 0628 Additional support has been provided by the U S Army Alaska and the U S Army Garrison Alaska through the Eagle River Flats Restoration Project and the Soil and Water Quality Pro gram This technical note was prepared by Michael R Walsh Mechanical Engi neer Engineering Resources Branch RV E U S Army Engineer Re search and Development Center Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory ERDC CRREL At the time of publication Thomas J Tantillo was Chief CEERD RV E Deputy Director of ERDC CRREL was Dr Lance D Hansen and the Director was Dr Robert E Davis The Commander and Executive Director of ERDC was COL Gary E Johns ton and the Director was Dr James R Houston Acknowledgements Multi increment sampling is a new and innovative method to obtain rep resentative soil samples from areas decision units suspected of contami nation Biasing of the sampling and the difficulty of obtaining hundreds of increments was a hurdle to the acceptance of this method With the help of Mr Chuck Ramsey of Envirostat and Dr Tom Jenkins formerly of CRREL we developed this tool ove
12. ere non cohesive the tool allowed sampling around and under cacti areas that could not otherwise be sampled With some practice the samplers obtained consistent samples by using a scoop ing motion when taking the sample increment ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 10 Figure 7 Sampling team using the CMIST Splitting the core plug while in the field can be done to compare surface analyte levels to those directly below For example to compare energetics residues levels in the top 2 5 cm with those in the 2 5 cm layer just below we set the coring depth to 5 cm After obtaining the plug we ejected it from the CMIST into a gloved hand and split it with a putty knife We found it useful to mark the end of the putty knife with a felt marker to the length of one of the sections of the plug The bag person then deposited each of the two plug sections in their respective sample bags ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 11 5 Cleaning the Tool We recommend cleaning the tool with water between repetitions in the same DU especially in areas with very cohesive soils Keep an eye on the adjustment nuts to ensure that no soils are packing around them and af fecting the operation of the depth mechanism Soil and vegetation will sometimes also build up around and behind the disk causing the depth mechanism to be harder to operate To quickly clean the tool simply spray down the unit wherever soil has adhered If the soil remains loo
13. eseeseeeeeseeeeeseeseeseeseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeneeseeneeneeeeesneeneseneeneanss v 1 _INTOCUCTION 20ceeseeseeseeseeeeeeeeeneneeneeneeneeneeeeeeeeneeeeseeseeseeseeeeeeeeseseeneenneneeneeneeeeeneeneeneennes BAWA ANAKARA NAS 1 2 eea a g XANDER 2 Te OMS T OO e NADA ata a E DRAG Na a aa 2 Supporting tools and eg ipment siisi daarin aeae aaan aa da dea kaa adea aia aaa aaia 3 Cleaning equipment and SUPPE S i m a T a ara a raa aE aa aTe EAEEREN KOTTE aN aea aN 4 3 Setting Up th CMIST aaa a Apa hn aa 6 4 Use of the Tool in the Field ssssscsssscssseessseessenesseensnennenessenesseeseenreeseeneseeneeneseeneneeneseenssnneneaes 9 5 Cleaning the Too aNG anan 11 6 Maintenannce scscsecsscesceceeseecenseeeeneensensensensenseeseesenseeeeeneeeneneeeeennennenseneeneeneeneeeneneeeeenneeneenesensanss 12 7 CONCIUSION seeseeseceeeseceneeneeeeeneeneeneeneeneenseesenseesenseeseneeesenseaseasasaeeneceeeeneneeeeeenenneneeenen seeneenereneaese 14 Appendix A Equipment and Supplies List cssscssssssssssscsssecsssecsseessssessneeeseessseesssonssnessenseneees 15 Appendix B Sample Coring Device Set Up Sheet ssssssssssssssssessssessnesssssssesseeesseeesseeesseees 17 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE csssssssssssssssssessssssesessesessuseeouseeseseesessuaessuaensuseususeeoeseuaenessuaensuaes 19 ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 Figures and Tables Figures Figure 1 The CRREL Multi Inc
14. justed to fit most sampling requirements It enables a sampling team to collect consistent sample increments more efficiently than with a hand scoop or spoon Properly maintained and employed it will greatly facili tate the collection of multi increment samples in many types of soils and through many types of vegetation ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 15 Appendix A Equipment and Supplies List Table A1 lists tools equipment and supplies that we at CRREL have found to be helpful in taking multi increment samples using the CMIST tool This list also includes some sample collection items not covered in the body of this report Items listed in bold type are considered essential Table A1 Tools equipment and supplies for multi increment sampling with the CMIST tool Items in boldface type are the minimum recommended ae Source Part Sampling Tools Coring tools Obtain soil sample increments Coring tool CRREL or GPL someametercoringb 1 Support tools and equipment Adjust and repair coring T 5400N16 C 6073A11 C 605131 C 5308A14 C 93750A402 g Leatherman oO Nuts hex 3 8 in 24SS Nuts flange serrated 3 8 in 24SS Tape measure metric 3 m M C 68025A55 Splitting tools Used to subsample cores Putty knife modified 1 Sharpen one edge tooth M C 3658A13 the other Putty knife po MC 3658A31 2 AMS 428 02 or 427 82 Cleaning Equipment and Supplies U Stainless steelp
15. k the storage boxes M C 1834A36 Water bottles Forpersonaluse Quantities shown are recommended for each tool Sources M C is McMaster Carr www mcmaster com AMS is Art s Mfg amp Supply Inc ams samplers com FSI is Forestry Suppliers Inc www forestry suppliers com KNF is KNF Clean Room Prod ucts Corp www knfcorporation com Bi is Brimar Industries Inc www brimar com C P is Cole Parmer Inc Cole Parmer com GPL is GPL Laboratories LLLP gplab com Items where vendor is not given are locally alanig Pursese Source Part p Number Size and number depends on task bring spares of commonly used tips ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 17 Appendix B Sample Coring Device Set Up Sheet Table B1 is an example of a set up sheet for configuring a CMIST tool to obtain a multi increment sample with a target sample mass g and num ber of increments In highly vegetated decision units the core depth should be set deeper to compensate for the vegetation The table is set up with the following notations The core depth is set and is the same over all e Soil density is fixed e Results give the rounded number of sample increments to reach a given mass g in the field for a given core diameter The target mass is 1 000 g and that column is highlighted Table B1 CMIST tool set up sheet for multi increment sampling Soil Density g cc 1 4 Core Depth cm 2 5
16. r several years to be a simple rugged and effective aid in the multi increment sampling process Many thanks to all involved in this process especially those who took up the tool in the early years and provided much valuable feedback ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 Unit Conversion Factors Multiply By To Obtain cubic feet 0 02831685 cubic meters cubic inches 1 6387064 E 05 cubic meters cubic yards 0 7645549 cubic meters degrees Fahrenheit F 32 1 8 degrees Celsius feet 0 3048 meters gallons U S liquid 3 785412 E 03 cubic meters hectares 1 0 Et04 square meters inches 0 0254 meters miles U S statute 1 609 347 meters ounces mass 0 02834952 kilograms ounces U S fluid 2 957353 E 05 cubic meters pints U S liquid 0 473176 liters square feet 0 09290304 square meters square inches 6 4516 E 04 square meters square miles 2 589998 E 06 square meters square yards 0 8361274 square meters yards 0 9144 meters ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 1 Introduction The CRREL Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Multi Increment Sampling Tool CMIST was developed to facilitate the collec tion of multi increment soil samples Multi increment sampling requires the collection of many increments that are combined to form a single sam ple This sample if collected properly will enable the characterization of a decision
17. rement Sampling Tool Coring tips are 2 3 and 4 cm diameter left to right Corresponding disks are shown below the hanale 1 1 0mnnaunananuwauwawa Figure 2 Some supporting tools used with the CMIST 2 mmmna nana nnawannawawaawaawawausanansawanaawaunanausanausasansanann Figure 3 Some cleaning supplies and equipment for the CMIST u mmmummmmumaunnwwawaaanuwananunsuwauwauwaunaunanwaaa Figure 4 The depth control mechanism seseeceeeeeseceeseeeeeseseeeeeeeeeeeaeseeseseeeeseeeeaeeaeaeeeeseneteseeaeeataeeess Figure 5 Setting the stop for sample depth ee ecsescecceeseeeceeeeeeeecseeaeeeeesesaeeeeeeesaeseeseeaeseesseeaeeeeeaeees Figure 6 Correct final position of the disk for increment ejection umummaunawanwaawanuanaanwnunauwauwawanana Figure 7 Sampling team using the CMIST ecsssessceesseeseeseseeeeeeeeeeesasseeseseeeseseesesaeaeeesseseteeseeaeeeeaeeas Figure 8 Field maintenance of the CMIST tool ecesseessseeseeseeesseeesecseseeeesenesseeeeaesaeaeeesseneteseeaeeataeees Tables Table 1 CMIST component weights and GIMENSIONS ceececeeseeeseeeeeeeeeeeteseeeeeeeaeeeeseneteseeeeeetaeeeaeee Table A1 Tools equipment and supplies for multi increment sampling with the CMIST tool items in bold are MINIMUM recommended s ccsccseceseesecseesseeseesseesecscesseeaeecsesseecseseeesessaeseees Table B1 CMIST tool set up sheet for multi increment SAMPLING ee eeeeeeeeeeseseeeetese
18. sen it by using the steel wool pad or brush Check the threads on the depth mechanism and clean them with the brush and water as well It is important to check the adjustment nuts and disk at this time to ensure they are still well secured A final rinse with clean water should be done as a final step Cleaning of the tool generally takes less than a minute and can be conducted while your partner is labeling the sample At minimum a thorough cleaning of the tool should be done when chang ing DUs Repeat the process as outlined above except use acetone for the final rinse Do the final rinse over a pail to contain the acetone Very little acetone is required for this operation but it still is best to consider it a hazardous waste and thus it should be controlled A plastic bottle with a screw top should be used for the collection and transport of the waste ace tone at the end of the day Always do a thorough cleaning before storing the tool A little lubricating oil on the threaded rod will help to preserve the operation of the depth mechanism ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 12 6 Maintenance A well maintained tool is an efficient tool This may seem an obvious statement but maintenance is often not at the forefront of concerns in the hectic field environment Figure 8 Maintaining the CMIST is quick sim ple and well worth the effort time spent will be paid back in the ease and efficiency of use While sampling make sure the
19. t the final mass In highly vegetated areas we sometimes set the depth of the sample a little deeper to obtain a sample mass closer to that desired We have developed several Microsoft Excel spreadsheets to assist in setting the sampling parameters and thus assist in setting up the sampling tool An example is in Appendix B With a sampling depth and core diameter in hand we now need to config ure the tool First assemble the 3 cm diameter disk to the threaded rod of ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 the depth control mechanism Figure 4 Thread the disk onto the rod un til the end of the rod is even with the bottom of the disk Run the flange nut down to the disk and tighten with the slip joint pliers and an open end wrench With the disk in place and secured install the coring bit to the base Tighten with the pliers Figure 4 The depth control mechanism With the bit in place pull the disk as far into the bit as possible and meas ure with the tape Using your fingers back the depth adjustment nuts off the depth mechanism guide block until the correct depth 2 5 cm in our example is achieved Tighten the nuts against each other to lock them in place Figure 5 If you need to fine tune increment depth loosen the nuts readjust the depth setting and retighten the nuts Always make sure the nuts are locked against each other because these control the consistency of the sample plug length ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL
20. t when obtaining a sample Figure 7 One person keeps track of the position within the DU paces out the distance to each sample increment point and collects the in crement The second person holds the sample bag and keeps track of the number of increments taken a handheld counter substantially helps with the latter process To take an increment set the tip of the corer at the de sired location step on the footrest to force the tip into the soil push until progress stops tip and pull the tool out of the soil and now push on the plunger to eject the soil plug into the sample bag The depth mechanism can either face you or be away from you After some use you will find which way is most comfortable Do not spear the tip into the ground This tends to damage the tip if stones are present Furthermore the increment location need not be precisely at a grid point If a large cobble or root is at your sample point take the sample increment from a point as near to that point as you can The presence of vegetation is not a serious deterrent to the use of the CMIST It easily cuts through grass and small roots In many cases it is important to include this matter with the sample because many contami nant particles reside on the ground surface and can be lost if moss or other vegetative matter is removed or discarded In brushy areas the tool can reach into areas that would be difficult to sample otherwise In a desert environment where the soils w
21. unit Decision units DU can range from as small as a few square meters to over a hectare Typical DUs are on the order of 0 25 ha The number of increments required to properly characterize a DU will vary from a minimum of 30 to over 100 depending on data quality objectives Fieldwork often occurs in remote areas Tools need to be rugged simple lightweight easy to use and flexible In the case of a sampling tool it also needs to enable the acquisition of consistent samples These are all design criteria used to develop the CMIST This manual will enable you the user to get the most out of the tool and optimize your time in the field This manual addresses only the use of the CMIST tool and does not delve into sampling theory or how to set up a sampling strategy If you are inter ested in these topics we recommend works by Pierre Gy the U S Envi ronmental Protection Agency EPA the U S Army Environmental Com mand AEC and Envirostat This manual assumes that the general outline for a sampling strategy multi increment sampling has been es tablished with some leeway allowed for on site adjustments of DU size and shape as well as the number of increments per sample ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 2 Description The CMIST tool The CMIST sampling tool is designed to facilitate the collection of sample increments of a given volume in cohesive soils Its basic parts are a light weight aluminum handle a rugged carbon
22. urface subsurface split a modi fied putty knife works well Sharpen both side edges of the putty knife On ERDC CRREL TN 09 2ERDC CRREL SR 09 1 one edge use a metal file to file in serrations The serrations are handy for cutting through root material We also recommend an AMS stainless 2 scoop or two to be used when sampling soils that are not cohesive enough to stay in the coring bit Figure 2 Some supporting tools used with the CMIST Cleaning equipment and supplies The tool must be cleaned between sampling locations to avoid cross contamination and to ensure proper operation of the tool To remove ad hered soil we use stainless steel wool pads and a parts cleaning brush with stainless bristles and a Delrin handle Figure 3 The brush is very useful to clean the threads of the bits bit holder and depth adjustment rod To wash down the tool we use both water and acetone The final rinses should be with distilled deionized or ultra filtered water followed by a light acetone rinse A 16 07 0 5 L polyethylene spray bottle is useful for the acetone For water we use either a 4 L spray bottle or a larger backpack compression sprayer The compression sprayer works well when samples are consolidated at a central field point The tool can then be cleaned when the sample is turned in We use 4 L polyethylene jugs to store water for the day s use in the field A 20 L pail is needed to collect waste acetone from the cleaning
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