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1. Address 2 http focalhost myDNC myDNCRegister aspx My National Do No Call Registn STEP TWO MAKE SURE YOUR INFORMATION IS CORRECT Please check your phone number s and email address below If they are correct click Register to continue To make a correction click Change Your email address MUST be correct to process your registration Area 216 Phone 333 4455 Area 216 Phone 555 6677 Email matos cis csuohio edu Figure 7 Screen echoing the data supplied for phone number registration Private Sub Page_Load ByVal sender As System Object ByVal e As System EventArgs Handles MyBase Load run this segment only the first time the page is loaded tt Not IsPostBack Tmen create ASP SESSION variables initialize them Session 0 Request Form txtAreal Session l Request Form txtPhonel Session 2 Request Form txtArea2 Session 3 Request Form txtPhone2 Session 4 Request Form txtArea3 Session 5 Request Form txtPhone3 Session 6 Request Form txtEmail T TODO check data here validate area code phone must be numeric spaces hyphens dots etc T Echo all the data on the textbox so consumer could see what we have at received at the server side Dim i As Integer myLine As String up to three lines holding AreaCode amp PhoneNumber Hot i 0 To 2 lt Sessiondts w i lt gt WW Then myLine amp Area amp Session 2 1 amp _ u Phon2. From Awareness to Action Integrating Ethics and Social Responsibility across the Computer Science Curriculum Third Report from the Project ImpactCS Steering Committee Available at http www seas gwu edu impactcs paper3 pg 1 html Accessed August 2005 Microsoft Corp Technical Articles 175168 and 316675 Microsoft Knowledge Database Rules and Regulations Implementing the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 U S A Federal Communications Commission CG Docket No 02 278 Report and Order 18 FCC Red 14014 2003 Rumbaugh James Ivar Jacobson and Grady Booch 2005 Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual The 2nd Edition Addison Wesley Professional ISBN 0321245628 AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES Victor Matos is an Associate Professor of Computer and Information Science at Cleveland State University in Cleveland Ohio Rebecca Grasser is an Associate Professor of Information Systems at Lakeland Community College in Kirtland Ohio Appendix A Changing a Directory to Allow Web Requested Read Write Operations The Internet GUEST account IUSR_ MACHINE which is by default part of the Everyone group does not initially have write permissions on remote database files mdb This is the most common reason for the exception Operation must use an updatable query To fix this problem use the Security tab in Explorer to adjust the properties for this file so that the Internet Guest account has the correct
3. b non profit fundraising organizations c the average telephone owner and or d IT professionals See for example Martin 1998 Appendix D An excellent opportunity to discuss these class discussion In this project students were asked to carefully dissect and annotate the behavioral characterization of the internet based portion of the registry This observation of the real registry was performed in conjunction with the actual registration of the student s personal home phone s Special attention was given to the identification of the business rules governing the registry We noted several interesting observations during the semester The students did not seem to immediately grasp that their simple physical model could be a proper solution to the problem They spent considerable time looking for a more complex solution rather than considering that their simple approach was satisfactory In their research the students found that the implementation costs of the actual system ran in the order of 20 million They could not reconcile the simplicity of their solution with the enormity of this figure Several problems important to the IT professional were identified during the evolution of this project We did not elaborate on all of them but made a point in identifying issues such as a legality of the reverse engineering process Hansen 2004 b ethical aspects of the registry and the free speech rights of the telemarket
4. Done mailing only for DEBUGGING 18 End Sub L9 20 21 Public Function PrepareBody ByVal theEmailTo As String ByVal theID As Integer ByVal theArea As String ByVal thePhone As String 2 Dim theBody As New System Text StringBuilder 23 Dim myDatel myDate2 myDate3 As Date ts As New TimeSpan 5 365 0 0 0 0 24 25 myDatel Format Now short date request todays date 26 myDate3 myDatel Add ts expiration five years later 2y 28 TODO use the ID key to encrypt a more complex key a last piece of the hyperlink is the database key of the current record 30 Dim thelank As String Sul theLink http localhost myDNC myDNCRegVer aspx xYzAbC amp thelID 32 theBody Append Your phone amp thelID amp amp theArea amp amp thePhone amp _ theEmailTo amp amp myDatel amp amp myDates amp vbCrLf 33 theBody Append Here is the link amp theLink amp vbCrLf 34 theBody Append Click on the link to complete your request to amp _ register your phone amp number with the last four digits amp Right thePhone 4 amp on the National Do Not Call Registry 35 theBody Append See Figure 8 40 Return Enekody 1OsSering 41 End Function In lines 1 18 the subroutine SendEmailNow defines an email object line 2 fills the different parts of the email using the data from each temporary record lines 5 9 identifies the mail server line 11 and rele
5. applications server side code is written with any Visual Studio NET language we choose VB NET This type of routines offer richer possibilities for the developer however they are more resource demanding and require a round trip navigation Unlike Windows applications ASP NET solutions are not meant to keep a permanent link or state between the client and the server This stateless feature is inherent to HTTP and requires the developer to create code that can simulate the concept of page to page memory storage ASP NET programmers have several alternatives to overcome the stateless nature of HTTP Some of the choices include Application state Session state Cookies and persistent databases We use the ASP NET Session object in the implementation of our solution In particular we rely on its support for collections as a global array like memory place holder whose visibility encompasses the entire application 4 1 2 The Final Product The Microsoft Internet Information Services IIS tool allows the students to host in their computers operational stand alone web sites In particular MyDNC web pages or more precisely Web Forms could be directly accessed using a browser such as Internet Explorer For instance the URL required by Internet Explorer to reach the main page of the student s application MyDNCHome aspx should be http LocalHost my DNC MyDNCHome aspx The home page in Figure 5 acts as a main switchboard for the regis
6. for verification purposes must enter his her email address twice Local client side validation could be E myDNCHome Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help done As an option simple facts could be locally checked using the ASP NET Validator controls Required Field Range and Regular Expression Validators For instance area code must be present and it should be a number less than 999 phone numbers are made of exactly seven digits each range OOO0000 9999999 email addresses have a format defined by the pattern xxx yyy zzz etc 4 1 2 2 Step Two Temporary Registration Once the consumer has finished the entering and editing of data he she could click on the Submit button The page is sent to the web server where another page call it MyDNCCheckErrors aspx may perform further validation of the supplied data In addition to syntactical verification some logical problems could be addressed such as is the area code a legitimate value is the phone number already registered and so on Figure 7 shows a verification page that reflects the data entered in the previous step Figure 6 O O x 2 25 Po search S Favorites B ie Address B http localhost myDNC myDNCHome aspx Registry Home WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THE Pretending My National Do No Call Registry NATIONAL DO NOT CALL REGISTRY Register a Phone Number The National Do Not Call Registry gives you a Verify Regist
7. permissions Microsoft Knowledge Database 1 Global Change from Basic to Advanced Sharing Properties 1 Execute the Windows Explorer 2 Select Tools Folder Options View 3 Uncheck the entry Use simple file sharing recommended 4 Apply OK 2 Select Directory and Allow user 1 Select directory that contains the shared file 2 Right Click on the folder 3 Choose Properties Security 4 Click on Add to enter anonymous web user 5 Enter the line lt MachineName gt aspnet Where MachineName is the machine on which ASP NET is installed on 6 Click Check Names to verify the validity of the anonymous user name 7 Select the aspnet user you just created and give him her Modify and Write access to the directory 3 Changing the Share Change options of a Directory using Basic Sharing Properties Assume the file we want to share modify on the web is called myDoNotCall mdb Let the path to the database be c myDoNotCall myDoNotCall mdb The folder c myDoNotCall must be set as shared and modifiable To do that follow the instructions 1 Create the folder c myDoNotCall Copy the sample database into the folder 2 Right click on the folder s name Select Properties A pop up window appears showing several tags Click on Sharing Check the two options a Share this folder on the network and b Allow network users to change my files Note Another less desirable option to work aro
8. policy passwords and encryption firewalls etc In addition the instructor may consider alternative methods of implementation emphasizing for instance public relations issues behind filing complaints against merchants and the processing of those complaints verification of all data deleting records from the system and attending consumer requests for information Other major variations closely related to this project can include similar registries such as a National Do Not Email Do Not Mail Do Not Fax and Do Not SMS Text Me Even with our failure to cover some activities normally included in actual software development projects we believe that this experience is not only appropriate and feasible but fun for the students who enthusiastically embraced the problem and worked towards interesting solutions 6 REFERENCES Balena Francesco 2002 Programming Microsoft Visual Basic NET Core Reference Microsoft Press ISBN 0 7356 1375 3 Chikofsky Eliot 2005 Reverse Engineering A Valuable Double Edged Sword Foreword for Eldad Eilam s Reversing Secrets of Reverse Engineering Wiley Hansen Evan 2004 US Court Reverse engineering is presumptively legal CNET News com 11 40 BST March 01 2004 Herreid Clyde Freeman 1994 Case Studies in Science A Novel Method of Science Education Journal of College Science Teaching pp 221 229 February Martin C Dianne and Elaine Yale Weltz 1998
9. the email Messages sent but not responded to represent temporary records that must be deleted at the end of those 72 hours If the consumer clicks on the confirmation hyperlink the appropriate temporary record is updated The key embedded in the hyperlink is used to reach and update the database record The update is done by adding an expiration date of five years after today s date Internet User DoNotCal Registry Consumer Browse Input Data Submit aN Y Yes sates omiso Modifications No Changes H C gt Accept ie repare Confirmation eMail Ss Send eMail asking for confirmation J o Confirm Registration Wait up to 72 hours V Figure 2 Activity Diagram Registration Confirmation Process onsu ver Onsumer GetRegistrationFormg Registration Page SS om M m a AddUpToThreePhonesQ Hrm SubmitRegistrationg E DNC Regist Boe eR oe oe a MakeCorrectionsifWeededd CancelRegistrationg SubmitFinalRegistrationRequest0 a TemporariyAddPhoneloDatabaseQ PhoneDatabaseKey SendConfirmationEmail a ie ea i Read eMail kal no a more AcceptRegistrationd than AddPhoneFaorFivevears0 72 hours RejectRegistrationd Ia later Neal 4J RemoveTemporaryRegistrationd i TimeoutPurgeTemporaryRegistrati Figure 3 Sequence Diagram Registration C
10. what the re engineering process is about Then we present a summary of the typical material produced by a systems analyst designer after dissecting the real DNC model Section four is dedicated to a detailed discussion of the techniques applied by a Microsoft NET developer to implement an internet solution based on the specifications previously made by the designers Finally we provide conclusions and additional directions that the case could take 2 BACKGROUND 2 1 What is Reverse and Forward Engineering Reverse engineering is a process of investigation whose goal is to develop a set of specifications for a complex entity by a meticulous examination of real samples of that system It generally involves an orderly extraction of the fragments of the item under examination and synthesizing abstractions that represent the structural composition and or the most essential and characteristic forms of behavior of the original item As indicated by Chikofsky 2005 when those concepts are applied to software systems we realize that most of the effort is made in gaining a basic understanding of a system and its structure with the final objective of either reproducing a similar version of the software system or to gain a sufficient design level understanding to aid maintenance strengthen enhancement or support replacement Therefore reverse engineering is based on analyzing a subject system to identify the system s components and their i
11. Not Call Registry on 2 15 2006 Most telemarketers will be required to stop calling you three months from your registration date Your registration will or did expire on 2 17 2011 Visit www mydonotcall gov to do any of these things to renew your registration before it expires to file a complaint Print this email and keep it for your records 2s i oe G he ae a a ope ope oe a a ae ape ope oe a ae ae ope oe a a a ope ee a a a oe ee a a ae ee a a a oe ee a a ee a ae a a oo a oo a RR oR oR RR Re Please do not reply to this message as it is from an unattended mailbox Any replies to this email will not be responded to or forwarded This service is used for outgoing emails only and cannot respond to inquiries Figure 9 Final notification Your phone number has been successfully registered The following VB NET code is part of myDNCRegVer aspx is executed as a non query operation line 22 The code is page It performs the final steps of registration by attempting rather simplistic and has room for several situations not to change the ConfirmationDate of a temporary record to the discussed here For instance we did not check for the current date The subroutine in lines 1 31 updates the elapsed period between pre registration and confirmation temporary record whose ID key is known to us It uses the dates to exceed the limit of three days These and other ADO NET Connection Command and DataReader already improvements are left to the s
12. Using Reengineering as an Integrating Capstone Experience Victor Matos Rebecca Grasser Cleveland State University Cleveland Ohio USA 44114 matos cis csuohio edu rgrasser acm org ABSTRACT This paper presents an example of integrating IT skills using an interesting real life problem We describe how the reverse and forward engineering of the USA National Do Not Call registry was used in our capstone course to illustrate the fusion of different but interdependent issues and techniques learned in the IT program The purpose of the registry is to maintain a list of residential and personal phone numbers whose owners want to keep out of the reach of the telemarketing industry We believe this experience is rich in educational possibilities it is very appropriate for a technically oriented Information Technology program and can be conducted in a typical one semester capstone or senior design project course The project begins with an exhaustive investigation of the existing artifact leading the student to the discovery of the original model and its processes business rules and data structures The various UML diagrams representing the specifications collected in the discovery phase are used to forward engineer a functionally equivalent database solution using the Microsoft NET platform The project touches on ethical issues concerning the legality of reverse engineering and hints at possibilities on producing similar designs such as a Do No
13. a better solution for an idea that they support 2 2 3 DNC Business Rules Identifying and summarizing the DNC business rules is arguably the most critical task of the reverse engineering phase The what whom when where and why of the transactions performed by the DNC registry is collectively represented by these rules They do not provide a view of the physical organization or internal data structures but rather offer an insight into the behavioral depiction of operations performed by the registry During the process of finding and documenting the DNC set of business rules most students found the registry s Questions amp Answers web page to be very useful The following excerpts represent a portion of the internet based registry s operational description 1 Home and personal phones numbers can be registered verified and removed from the DNC list by calling 1 888 382 1222 or accessing the web site at www donotcall gov 2 Telemarketers covered by the National Do Not Call Registry have up to 31 days from the date you register to stop calling you 3 You may register up to three telephone numbers at one time on the National Do Not Call Registry website 4 You will receive a separate confirmation email for each number you wish to register online You must open each email and click on the link in each one to complete the registration process This must be done no later than 72 hours after receiving the email 5 If you have m
14. ain later how this ID number is used in the email to be sent to the user asking for confirmation The last two lines of the registration routine close the connection object and request the server to display a Web Form called myDNCConfirmation aspx 4 1 2 3 Step Three Confirmation and Permanent Registration The purpose of myDNCConfirmation aspx is to acknowledge the consumer s request for registration and to initiate the preparation of the third and final step required for his her acceptance The students will need to insert several temporary records in the Master table These lines hold the internal database key area code and phone number For each of the temporary records that were created and inserted into the Master table the system will prepare individual pieces of email and deliver each of those messages to the consumer The goal of these messages is to get the final approval from the consumer For each phone number temporarily registered in the database the VB NET SendEmailNow code below will assemble and deliver to the consumer a piece of email A sample of such mail appears in Figure 8 The mail text includes a hyperlink that ends with an encrypted identifier In our example the cyphertext material is x YzAbC 66 We will use this string to illustrate the mechanism to update the pending database requests The value 66 represents the internal database key associated to the phone number 216 333 4455 that is bein
15. al tables Clients have several ways of collecting those answer tables in our case myDR is an ADO NET DataReader object which will provide a simple read only client side data repository In order to use the ADO NET components the application code must include the line Imports System Data OleDb The System Data OleDb namespace is the NET Framework Data Provider for OLE DB This namespace describes the collection of classes used by the application to access a disconnected OLE DB data source in the NET managed space The connection string of line 14 15 identifies the database software provider and the physical database location In our code Microsoft Jet OleDB 4 0 refers to the MS Access driver For security reasons the database must be held in a special type of directory that allows remote web users the possibility of reading and updating the database For additional information on this topic please see appendix A Lines 21 25 define and prepare date variables myDate and myDate3 holding respectively the current date and one that is five years away from today s date The for loop in line 27 is used to assemble and insert each of the three possible phones given by the consumer mySQL is the string holding the corresponding SQL insert command Each of these commands will request the database in Figure 4 to accept a new temporary record In each case the pieces of the insert operator are glued together email area code phone re
16. an identifier and an optional list of the business rules it relates to business operational rules are introduced in section 2 2 3 For instance the case Delete Phone is described by the business rule number 1 of section 2 2 3 1 e a phone could be removed from the DNC after calling from that particular phone the toll free number 1 888 382 1222 At the consumer registry level the main tasks are the Registration Confirmation and Verification of a phone number However figure includes other operations such as removal of a number from the list acquisition of information at different levels of detail and providing the merchants with updated copies of the list 1 3 5 6 7 Verify Phone Delete Phone Consumer egister Phone Confirm Phone Get Information Acquire Phone List 2 6 8 Merchant Figure 1 Do Not Call Registry Use Case Diagram In order to provide more details about each of the cases students are asked to develop additional UML descriptions Figure 2 shows an activity diagram detailing the Registration Confirmation tasks introduced in the use case diagram as the cases Register Phone and Confirm Phone At this level of the reverse engineering process the students may begin to produce their own versions of how the system works To support their speculations it is acceptable to believe there is a physical database on which those operations take place Althoug
17. ases the message line 12 The subroutine Prepare Body line 7 21 41 produces the encrypted hyperlink and concatenates it with the rest of the letter the called page This page could use its Page_Load event to decipher the input argument use the internal database key value 66 in our running example update the corresponding temporary record by setting the confirmation date as today s date and finally create the simple page shown in Figure 9 This last web page informs the consumer about the permanent registration of his her phone number in myDNC registry Later on if the consumer clicks on the link that appears in the email the web form myDNCRegVer aspx will be invoked and the encrypted string will be supplied as an argument to amp National Do Not Call Registry OPEN AND CLICK on Link to Complete Your Registration File Edit View Tools Message Help x gt S 8 FF s a X Oo O Reply Reply All Forward Print Delete Previous Next Addresses From Register donotcall gov Date Wednesday February 15 2006 12 09 AM To matos grail cba csuohio edu Subject National Do Not Call Registry OPEN AND CLICK on Link to Complete Your Registration Your phone key 66 216 333 4455 matos csuohio edu 2 15 2006 2 22 2011 Here is the link http localhost myDNC myDNCRegVer aspx x YZAbC 66 Click on the link to complete your request to register your phone number with the last four digits 2264 on the National Do Not Call Registry I
18. e Y amp Session Z 1 1 amp voCrii Bre IE Next myLine amp Email amp Session 6 Me txtMsg Text myLine amp vbCrLf yokes ble An appropriate moment for the preparation of the Web Form shown in Figure 7 occurs during the Page_Load event of myDNCCheckErrors aspx The skeleton of this server side code fragment is given below The function sPostBack returns the True value only when the page is displayed for the first time Please notice the use of the ASP NET Session object as a way of preserving data For instance Session 6 holds the consumer s email string This value is extracted from the txtEmail textbox defined in the web Form shown in Figure 6 The construct Request Form txtEmail relies on the ASP NET Request object for the parsing of the lt Name Value gt pairs sent by the calling Web Form Any other subroutine in the same or another page could recall this email value by examining the contents of Session 6 ASP NET creates the sense of global memory by making the Session variables available to any web page for the current user for the current session This server side subroutine finishes with a loop in which each combination of area code and phone number is placed on a line and assigned to a textbox for display purposes The verification page myDNCCheckErrors aspx offers the consumer the option of making some changes clicking the Change button or completing the second step of regi
19. e main operations in the following way e Registration Create a database record Include unique ID value area code and phone number Make RegistrationDate be today s date Set ExpirationDate equal to RegistrationDate 3 days Set ConfirmationDate to null e Confirmation Change ConfirmationDate to today s date Set ExpirationDate equal to ConfirmationDate 5 years e Verification Use a phone index approach for fast retrieval of a phone number If the number is found in the database respond positively to the request otherwise the number is not registered or it has already expired e Deletion If the email supplied in the request matches the value stored in the database proceed to removal by setting ExpirationDate to today s date Move the record to a historical file e Distribution to merchants Extract from database at least the AreaCode Phone and ExpirationDate of confirmed records whose ExpirationDate has not yet been reached This preliminary solution could be used as a starting point in the development process We recognize there are important issues that still need to be discussed These include but are not limited to database accessibility reliability concurrency control recovery security encryption and periodic backing up of the physical database 4 FORWARD ENGINEERING OF A WEB BASED SOLUTION MyDNC In the following phase of the project the students proceed to make a software artifact that m
20. ers c securing the data against intruders and impersonators d creating maintenance plans including daily housekeeping backup recovery catastrophic failures etc The instructors need to be aware that there may be some problems with the processing of student generated email Many institutions prevent or heavily filter the sending of mail from non local accounts or certain areas of campus to avoid potential security risks It may be necessary for the instructor to involve local IT resources to allow this project to go forward One issue we discovered was that with the emphasis on the reengineering of the system we were unable to spend a satisfactory amount of time on the administrative portion of the experience We recognize that there are several important administrative and security issues which we were unable to address due to lack of time and resources These topics include a planning for periodic backups b creating profiles for different kinds of users working on the registry such as DEVELOPER AUDITOR OPERATOR MANAGER etc c adding security provisions mirroring sites redundant disks in the same location d identifying threats disruption destruction disaster unauthorized access e assessing the risk of each threat and preparing a response for each case and f creating controls to mitigate or stop threats consider redundancy fault tolerant servers disaster recovery plans anti virus software security
21. g confirmed The equivalent of a signature is obtained by asking the consumer to click on the hyperlink that is included in the e mail s text In order to finalize the registration the email must be responded to within three days of its creation If this is done in a timely fashion the ConfirmationDate in the temporary database record is set to today s date and the record will be held in the system for five years Within a few days telemarketers will be informed that this number is off limits The following VB NET illustrates how the email pieces are made and transmitted Again code lines are numbered to facilitate the discussion ak Private Sub SendEmailNow ByVal theEmailTo ByVal thelID ByVal theArea ByVal thePhone 2 Dim myEmail As New System Web Mail MailMessage 6 Try 4 assemble the email asking the user to click URL link for confirmation 5 myEmail To theEmailTo 6 myEmail From myVerify donotcall govx 7 myEmail Body PrepareBody theEmailTo theID theArea thePhone 8 myEmail Subject National Do Not Call Registry amp _ VY our Registration Is Confirmec 9 myEmail BodyFormat Web Mail MailFormat Text 10 ising my senool mail server LI System Web Mail SmtpMail SmtpServer grail cba csuohio edu 12 System Web Mail SmtpMail Send myEmail L3 Catch ex As Exception 14 txtSpy Text amp vbCrLf amp Problems amp ex Message only for DEBUGGING 15 mit SU 16 End Try 17 txtSpy Text amp vbCrLf amp
22. gistration date and expiration date are put into a comma delimited string This string is the text that the command object myCmd will send as a message to the database server For example the following SQL insert command represents the request for a temporary record on behalf of the first phone number in Figure 6 Insert into Master PatronEmail AreaCode PhoneNumber RegistrationDate ConfirmationDate ExpirationDate values VictorMatos sbcGlobal net 2G ee SS Gee 2 oy OS a NULL toy 22 20 104 Lines 39 42 show how MyCmd is told what SQL command code type and connection object should be used In line 42 the command is executed as a non query Under this format the server does not return a table however a control value indicating the total number of database records affected by the operation is sent back to the application Also notice the presence of a null value in the argument list This null represents the ConfirmationDate which is if any a date in the next three days range given to the consumer to respond Lines 44 49 illustrate a special case of database retrieval The string mySQL is phrased as a SQL select command requesting from the server the internal identification number assigned to the newly inserted record This one single value is easily retrieved using the ExecuteScalar method of the command object The variable TheGeneratedID will be used to tell the key of the temporary record in the database We will expl
23. h the exact structure of that database is unknown to the students it is appropriate for them to guess the potential nature and composition it might have The following statements paraphrase the behavior of the registry in terms of operations executed on that to be developed database e After a consumer s registration web page is submitted and all inconsistencies and omissions are corrected a summary web page is sent back to the consumer The consumer has two options either to ignore the message or to acknowledge the registration request by clicking the accept link of the summary page e Ifthe user chooses to accept the web page is sent to the registry The phone s held in the page are temporarily entered in the database Each database record could include the fields lt Key eMail PhoneNumber RegistrationDate ConfirmationDate ExpirationDate gt The temporary entries are marked as unconfirmed pending for final consumer s action Each new record entered in the database has a unique database key and includes the dates of registration confirmation and expiration For each temporary record entered in the database the registry must prepare a confirmation email The email will include the date of the request the phone number and a hyperlink that the consumer must click on to close the confirmation process The hyperlink includes the database key associated to the current phone number The consumer is given 72 hour to respond to
24. hnical requirements for implementation make the project an effective candidate for success All students in the course were given a syllabus similar to the one in Appendix B The syllabus provides a step by step breakdown of the tasks at hand and allows the instructor to realistically plan the experience Every student participated in all aspects of the task and each student was required to individually submit each of the deliverables listed The project is planned for a 15 week semester It includes many individual checkpoints class discussion small student initiated research projects conceptual and physical modeling and report and code preparation In the semesters where this project was made available to our students we did not allow them to work in groups This decision was made as the number of students was small enough that individual effort was appropriate However team collaboration can be an excellent option for larger class sizes and or where group work is a course outcome According to Martin 1998 The capstone projects course presents the final opportunity for students to reflect upon the principles and operationalize the skills they have learned in all of their courses through the design development and implementation of a large scale project To allow students to reflect on what they have learned we recommend students write an Impact paper where they discuss how the registry will affect a the telemarketing industry
25. identifier ID field which in the case of MS Access is implemented as a serial Autonumber The next field PatronEmail is the consumer s email address The next fields are the phone s area code AreaCode and number PhoneNumber The last three fields are dates used to record the moment in which the consumer first signs his her phone number in the list RegistrationDate the date in which the consumer responds to the automatic email generated by the registry to confirm his her demand ConfirmationDate and the date in which the confirmed request will expire ExpirationDate At this stage in the forward engineering of a new solution the emphasis is on effectiveness as oppose to efficiency Rather than requesting the students an ideal and complete representation of data in the form of a fully normalized multi table database what is important is that the student s design somehow could be used to realistically support all of the operations identified early on Optimizing data structures could be done at a later time when more understanding of the needs of the system is reached For instance the preliminary design in Figure 4 a does not include a DeleteDate field however it is relatively simple to add such data at a later time Also the combination AreaCode and PhoneNumber could be made unique not admitting duplicates but we choose to ignore it for now For the time being the above suggested database representation can handle th
26. imics the behavior of the real DNC registry The workbench for the forward engineering process is based on current Microsoft NET technologies including Active Server Pages ASP NET Active Database Objects ADO NET and Visual Basic NET A mandatory constraint for this phase is the requirement to reproduce the same user friendly nature of the original DNC registry Efforts must be made to duplicate the look and feel of the real DNC web site For brevity we will call the new system MyDNC Figures 5 7 show our rendition of the main home page and the sequence of pages used for phone registration We limit the following discussion to the Registration Confirmation process illustrated in the diagrams provided in Figures 1 2 and 3 Other processes such as Verification Elimination Filing of Complaints and Requesting Information have been left as possible future extensions of the project 4 1 Implementing the Software Solution Each student should create his her own local version of MyDNC as a stand alone ASP NET Web Application The development software in the students machines includes a Windows XP Professional with the Internet Information Services IIS installed b Visual Studio 7 defaulting to Visual Basic NET Development and c the Internet Explorer 4 1 1 Microsoft NET Tools ASP NET Active Server Pages is a Microsoft language independent technology that enables a server computer to dynamically produce pages or
27. k 2 aoe teodne IEMPORARY R aeaea ern Ce OnadS 3 Oet Caca Eron SESsion Ob ect 4 Dim area 3 phone 3 As String 5 Area 1 Session 0 phone 1 Session 1 6 Area 2 Session 2 phone 2 Session 3 7 Area 3 Session 4 phone 3 Sessiren s 8 email Session 6 9 prepare the NET Connection Command and DataReader objects 10 Dim myCnn As New OleDb OleDbConnection 11 Dim myCmd As New OleDb OleDbCommand 12 Dim myDR As OleDb OleDbDataReader 13 define a link to the local MS Access Database 14 Dim Cnnstuc As String Provider Microsote dceu OlevB 4 077 amp 15 Data Source C DoNotCall DoNotCall mdb L6 MENNA CONnnecELONSErInG ennstr L7 myCnn Open 18 IRS Dim i myRecAffected theGeneratedID As Integer 20 Dim myob myiD As Sie teem al Dim myDatel myDate2 myDate3 As Date 22 Dam us As New Tamespan s 365 0 0 0 0 23 myDatel Format Now short date todays date 24 myDate3 myDatel Add ts five years from now 215 26 Prepare Tele SOL MN Ski COmmancdeS CTO enter che new user reouest 2T Por 1 i To 3 28 Dt phone i lt gt WW Ther 29 insert the new phone in the Master file 30 mySQL Insert into Master PatronEmail AreaCode 31 PhoneNumber RegistrationDate SZ ConfirmationDate ExpirationDate 33 values Ce 34 email ahr ne 2 65 area i S E 36 phone i amp amp ee 37 myDatel amp Yap ny p amp 36 myDate3 amp Ugy 39 myC
28. md CommandText mySQL 40 myCmd CommandType CommandType Text 41 myCmd Connection myCnn 42 myRecAffected myCmd ExecuteNonQuery 43 44 find the ID AutoNumber of the recently inserted record 45 mysQL select ID from Master amp _ 46 where areaCode amp area i amp amp _ 47 5 and PhoneNumber amp phone i amp 48 myCmd CommandText mySQL 49 theGeneratedID myCmd ExecuteScalar 50 51 create one at the time session variables ID1 ID2 ID3 52 and assign to each the generated ID 56 iV Wan ee a 54 Session myID theGeneratedID 55 WG LE 56 Next 57 myCnn Close Sie Server Transfer myDNCConfirmation aspx 59 TAC SUO Line 4 defines the local arrays Area 3 and Phone 3 Those arrays will be used to facilitate the use of the lt AreaCode PhoneNumber gt pairs stored in Session variables In lines 10 12 three ADO NET objects myCnn myCmd and myDR are defined ADO NET is a new middleware standard used by the Microsoft NET platform for reaching a variety of data sources including relational databases myCnn is an instance of the Connection class it creates a pipe between the application and the database on which messages and data will travel The user messages will be phrased in the form of SQL statements Those SQL retrieval or maintenance messages will be assembled and managed inside the Command object defined in line 11 The data returned by the server will consist of relation
29. mportant You must respond to this email by clicking the link within 72 hours for your registration to be successful Once you have registered your phone number registration will be effective for 5 years It will be illegal for most telemarketers to call you and you will be able to file a complaint if a telemarketer does call you The website www mydonotcall gov provides information about filing a complaint Important After you click on the link print the web page and keep it for your records Troubleshooting If you don t get a Registration Complete message after clicking on the link or the link does not work use your cut and paste functions to insert the entire link in the email into the Address line on your Web browser Cut and past the entire link it s long Do not re type it 2 FB oR o o i a eR RR RR RO OR RR RR RR OR ROR RR RRR RR RRR RRR RRR RRR k k k k Please do not reply to this message as it is from an unattended mailbox Any replies to this email will not be responded to or forwarded This service is used for outgoing emails only and cannot respond to inquiries Figure 8 Email asking consumer to click on link to finalize registration J myDNCRegVer Microsoft Internet Explorer Fie Edit View Favorites Tools Help Q O A GO Pre krame OZ te E S ittp localhost myDNC myDNCRegVer aspx x Y ZAbC 66 Your phone number with the last four digits 4455 was registered in the PRETENDING National Do
30. ng assignments are a Researcher Investigate and collect published references about the DNC b Author Reporter Write an executive summary report describing the purpose of the registry c User Register own home personal phone d Analyst Based on the knowledge acquired from references and their experience of registering their own phones students are asked to guess what processes business rules and data structures are used to support the registry e Designer Provide graphical depictions of the existing DNC model suitable for implementation of the new model Developer Apply a current technology we use Microsoft NET solutions to construct an equivalent version of the registry g Administrator Provide maintenance security recovery and catastrophic operational plans Those roles are typical of a successful systems development team in which business analysis software development database support and operational maintenance need to work harmoniously to provide an effective solution to the user s problem Asking the student to be different actors is useful in illustrating how a system is assembled to meet a particular goal showing alternative courses of action that might be taken to get there as well as those situations that could cause the system to fail The paper is organized as follows The next section playing researchers contains background material on the DNC registry and a short review of
31. nterrelationships and create representations of the system in another form or at a higher level of abstraction Forward engineering is the constructive process of moving from high level abstractions and logical designs made from the old system to the physical implementation of an equivalent and perhaps improved new system In forward engineering the assessment and adjustment of a subject system is crucial in the re constructing of that entity in a new form Reengineering generally includes some form of reverse engineering to achieve a more abstract description followed by some form of forward engineering or restructuring This process may include additions changes and or elimination of features not met by the original system In our lab experience we have two definitive goals first we must understand how the DNC system works and secondly we must implement a similar product using a particular computer technology Microsoft NET solution 2 2 Methodology for Researching the Do Not Call DNC Registry The first step in the evolution of this study requires the students to gather and synthesize relevant information about the registry Sources include journals newspaper and magazine articles official reports prepared by congressmen on each side of the issue documentation posted on web pages by the Federal Communications Commission FCC etc Participants working in groups or individually must prepare a short executive summar
32. onfirmation Process Figure 3 is a sequence diagram showing an alternative are represented by solid arrows between the involved explanation of the Registration and Confirmation processes lifelines messages are invocations to the methods supplied We have found that some students prefer to work with the by each object Information returned by the invoked methods material as an activity diagram while others prefer the is denoted by broken lines The order in which those equivalent sequence diagram messages are sent is shown from top to bottom of the diagram Messages have at least a unique name and a list of The vertical lines in the sequence diagram are called lifelines optional parameters Special messages called self and represent the object s life during the interaction This delegation represent recursive communication in which the representation is particularly useful to the object oriented object calls itself and are denoted by arrows back to the same developer as a way of depicting the overall flow of control lifeline that takes place in a typical interaction Inter object messages Microsoft Access Master Table File Edit Wiew Insert Format Records bE He shay b A matos qrail cba csuohio edu 58 matos cis csuochia edu 59 victorMatos sbcGlobal_ net 61 victorMatos sbcGlobal_net 62 victorMatos sbcGlobal_net Microsoft Access Master Table File Edit View CECE AutoNumber a Tools Wind
33. ore than three personal telephone numbers you will have to go through the registration process more than once to register all of your numbers There is a limit on the number of phone numbers you can register in this manner 6 Your phone number will remain on the registry for five years from the date you register unless you choose to take it off the registry or your phone number is disconnected You can click on the Verify a Registration button any time to check your expiration date 7 If your number is disconnected and then reconnected you may need to re register Also you must re register after changing calling plans or other services or changing the billing name on the account 8 Calls from or on behalf of political organizations charities and telephone surveyors would still be permitted as would calls from companies with which you have an existing business relationship or those to whom you have provided express agreement in writing to receive their calls 9 If your number has been on the National Do Not Call Registry for at least 31 days starting January 1 2005 and you receive a call from a telemarketer that you believe is covered by the National Do Not Call Registry you can file a complaint To file a complaint you must know either the name or telephone number of the company that called and the date the company called you While the FTC does not resolve individual consumer problems your complaint will help investiga
34. ose 28 Catch ex As Exception 29 txtSpy Text ex Message 30 End Try 31 End Sub 32 Private Function PrepareMsg ByVal thePhone ByVal myDatel ByVal mydate3 33 Prepare the body of the email notifying the user about the successful 34 registration of his her phone number 35 Dim theBody As New System Text StringBuilder 36 theBody Append Your phone number with the last four digits 37 theBody Append thePhone 38 theBody Append was registered in the PRETENDING MY National Do Not Call Registry on amp _ myDatel amp amp vbCrLf 39 theBody Append Print this email and keep it for your records amp vbCrLf 40 TNO APPEnd ee amp vbCrLf 41 theBody Append Please do not reply to this message as it is from an unattended mailbox 42 Return theBody ToString 43 End Function 5 CONCLUSION items is given in the syllabus during the week 3 and week 13 In this paper we discussed a complete and technically challenging IT experience The problem is based on the reengineering of the National Do Not Call Registry which is controlled by the U S A Federal Trade Commission The goal is to produce a functionally equivalent software system with the obvious limitations that a classroom project imposes Students participating in this one semester project showed a great deal of interest in completing the assignment We argue that the sense of familiarity with the subject as it looks like a real life issue and the relatively simple tec
35. ountered Insure it can stand alone without you there to explain Include a How To for every activity in your site common and not so common errors explained and fixes suggested and so forth Software Administrator s Manual This manual has three parts 1 a test suite 2 a security suite and 3 installation instructions Test Suite You will need to provide a test suite and associated documentation that adequately and sufficiently tests every line of code in your application Your test suite documentation should be such that another programmer can adequately test your project without you being in the room User Level Testing For every user page do you have screen shots of the page and all possible errors error messages and corrections System Level Testing System Charts included in test suite For every decision point loop construct have you described and then prevented illegal data points Discussion of external issues such as networking browsers and operating systems Security Suite What are your security mechanisms How have you tested them Installation Instructions Starting on a clean computer only the operating system installed and web server software install your application so that it is ready to be served Work on your presentations and clean up any last minute coding End of week 15 Submit demonstrate completed working application
36. ow Help HU Wav D PatronEmail AreaCode PhoneNumber RegistrationDate ConfirmationDate ExpirationDate 123 F TTF 111 2222 222 3555 123 4567 456 7990 444 6555 CUT FErE Insert Tools b ES Text Text Text Date Time Date Time Date Time dh be BK Window He Hay B 5 23 2005 5 23 2005 6 23 2005 6 23 2005 6 23 2005 5 23 2005 6 23 2005 6 23 2005 5 22 2010 5 22 2010 5 22 2010 6 22 2010 5 22 2010 5 22 2010 5 22 2010 iia m m 60 victorMatos sbcGlobal net fis m m 63 victorMatos sbcGlobal_net Ea toMumber 5 23 2005 b Figure 4 A simple relational database design for the Do Not Call Registry 3 1 A Preliminary Database Design Based on the knowledge already acquired by observation of the real registry the students are asked to prepare a relational database structure capable of supporting the different operations already described for the DNC registry A tentative implementation of a physical database design is drafted in Figure 4 The structure of this one table solution appears in Figure 4 a as a Microsoft Access file called the Master table Figure 4 b is a fragment of the actual repository Each record in the Master table represents a transaction posted on the DNC registry The state of a transaction could be twofold it is either a pending request or a confirmed registration Each record of the Master table consists of seven fields The first is a unique
37. ration choice about whether to receive telemarketing calls at home Most telemarketers should not call your number once it has been on the registry for three months If they do you can file a complaint at this Website You can register your home or mobile phone for free Your registration will be effective for five years Register Now Figure 5 Homepage of MyDNC Registry SA myDNCRegister Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Qa O x A J serh Sle Favorites I t Address 2 http ocalhost my DNC myDNCHome aspx STEP ONE REGISTER YOUR HOME OR MOBILE PHONE NUMBER Follow the registration steps below Click here for detailed registration instructions 1 Enter up to three phone numbers and your email address Click Submit 2 Check for errors Click Register 3 Check your email for a message from Register donotcall gov Open the email and click on the link to complete your registration If you share any of these telephone numbers with others please remember that you are registermg for everyone who uses these lines Area Code z6 Phone Number 333 4455 21 6 555 6677 Email Address matos cis csuohio edu Confirm Email matos cis csuchio edu Submit Figure 6 Registration Page at MyDNC Registry a myDNCCheckErrors Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Oa O x 2 Sp Oscar Sle reverts 62 2 mw LI a B
38. services that can be rendered inside a web browser the clients Balena 2002 ASP NET consists of a group of predefined objects that facilitate the programming of web applications some of those objects are Request Response Session Application and Server The Request object allows the user to grab data from incoming pages the Response helps with the writing of dynamic pages Session provides a mechanism for global inter page memory and Server grants access to server side resources such as databases etc When the students initiate the development of myDNC software Microsoft Visual Studio creates a new directory in the web default folder of the server in most cases the name is C InetPub wwwRoot MyDNC This web directory will contain a collection of aspx web Forms Each web Form holds any number of graphical user interface GUI controls as well as code to attend their events The GUI controls could be either traditional HTML design elements such as such as text boxes pictures labels buttons etc or the more sophisticated NET GUI counterparts The computer code serving the events of an aspx page is made of client side and server side sets of routines Client side subroutines are locally interpreted by the virtual machine in the client s browser Those scripts are interspersed with the page s HTML tags Local scripts are written using traditional client side web languages including VBScript JavaScript etc For NET web
39. stration by pushing the Register button As the students will discover the first action is very simple to take care of but the second is more complex If the consumer decides to make some changes the registration screen seen in figure 6 is sent back to the user and the cycle is repeated This rather simple navigation process is similar to clicking the Previous Page button provided by most web browsers However we implemented this idea by defining the Change button as a primitive or Intrinsic HTML control with a client side piece of VBScript code attached to its click event The HTML definition of the button is lt INPUT type button value Change name btnChange gt The corresponding service routine uses the Back method of the Window History object to take the navigation one page backwards The routine follows lt script Language VBScript gt Sub btnChange_OnClick window history back 1 End Sub lt script gt If the consumer chooses to register her phone number s a set of intensive server side operations take place The main goal of this step is to assemble and insert temporary record s in the physical database A temporary record represents the solicited although uncommitted request made by the consumer The VB code is given below lines have been numbered to facilitate the discussion il Private Sub btnRegister_Click ByVal sender As System Object ByVal e As System EventArgs Handles btnRegister Clic
40. t Email Registry Keywords Capstone project senior design project reengineering National Do Not Call Registry UML modeling web programming Microsoft NET applications database systems 1 INTRODUCTION This paper describes an educational experience suitable for advanced IT students whose academic programs include courses on systems analysis and design web based programming and database development We believe this example is ideal for a senior design project or capstone course requiring the participants to work in integrating concepts and skills around a familiar real life problem which is realistic but moderate in length and complexity The subject of this study is the National Do Not Call Registry DNC Rules and Regulations 2003 The DNC gives you a choice about whether to receive telemarketing calls at home The goal of our project is to produce a functionally equivalent version of the internet based component of the DNC system Students engage in a process of reverse engineering the existing registry in order to discover and learn its underlying structure and design This approach is consistent with the case study and problem based learning methods which help students to develop individual and group working skills including effective communication and critical thinking Herreid 1994 Students working on this problem will assume a sequence of increasingly demanding roles Some of those roles and their correspondi
41. te the company and could lead to law enforcement action The DNC Registry also includes a phone registration process which is ignored in this article 3 MAPPING THE FINDINGS OF THE RE ENGINEERING PROCESS As a result of the class discussions and the registration of their personal phone numbers in the list the participants gain exposure to the inner working of the registry At this point we ask the students to summarize their observations and report those annotations in the form of different UML diagrams more specifically use case sequence and transition diagrams Rumbaugh et al 2005 The students initiate this phase from a conceptual level however a useful byproduct of this task could be an early sketching of potential data structures needed to support the operations observed in the real system In essence students are acting in new roles as Analysts and Database Designers The first and perhaps most important representation will be a use case diagram The goal of this task is to capture and represent a concise high level behavioral illustration of the system Figure 1 depicts a first cut use case diagram summarizing the activities of the DNC registry It identifies two actors the Consumer and the Merchant and introduces seven main activities The Consumer is any person trying to sign his her personal or residential phone in the registry and the Merchant represents the telemarketers Each of the seven cases consists of
42. try services The buttons in the home page are responsible for the calling of other pages stored in the local MyDNC directory Options such as Registration Verification Filing a Complaint etc are available by clicking the appropriate buttons Like any other web application the attention to events is provided by the application software For this project we have chosen to write server side code as much as possible however we also include an example of local scripting In Figure 5 if the consumer pushes the button labeled Register Now the associated event handling routine invokes the ASP NET Server object to execute on its behalf the method that transfers control to another page Assume the page being called is named MyDNCRegister aspx The supporting VB NET code behind subroutine is as follows Private Sub btnRegisterNow_Click Handles btnRegisterNow Click Server Transfer myDNCRegister aspx End Sub The service routine for the other buttons in Figure 5 is similar to the above fragment The only difference is the actual name of the Web Form being called 4 1 2 1 Step One Registration Data Collection A rendition of the registration page appears in Figure 6 The interior frame identifies the page as Step One of the process and provides brief instructions for the consumer as well as text boxes to collect input data Up to three phone numbers including area code could be entered on the page The consumer
43. tudents The final lines 42 43 discussed during the pre registration of the phone number dynamically make a simple web page announcing the The SQL statement in line 18 tries to set the permanent registration of the phone number which will ConfirmationDate to the day of confirmation The command remain valid for the next five years 1 Private Sub SetDBConfirmationDate ByVal thel DValue 2 CONFIRMATION of a phone number is represented as the entering in the database record 3 of an expiration date 5 years after request date 4 Try 5 Dim myCnn As New OleDb OleDbConnection 6 Dim myCmd As New OleDb OleDbCommand 7 Dim myDR As OleDb OleDbDataReader 8 9 setup the connection to the MS Access database 10 Dim cnnStr As String Provider Microsoft et OleDB 4 0 amp _ Data Source C DoNotCall DoNotCall mdb 11 myCnn ConnectionString cnnStr 12 myCnn Open 14 15 Dim myRecAffected As Integer mySQL thePhone As String myDate1 As Date myDatel Format Now short date todays date 16 17 change the confirmation date in the existing record whose DB key is thel DValue 18 mySQL UPDATE Master SET ConfirmationDate amp myDatel amp where ID amp thel DValue 19 myCmd CommandText mySQL 20 myCmd CommandType CommandType Text 21 myCmd Connection myCnn 22 myRecAffected myCmd ExecuteNonQuery 23 24 If myRecAffected lt gt 1 Then 25 txtSpy Text Failure amp mySQL for DEBUGGING improve 26 End If 27 myCnn Cl
44. ulate the massive volume of calls made by those companies In February 2003 Congress passed H R 395 known as the Do Not Call Implementation Act and the Appropriations Committee granted 18 million for the implementation of the program This legislation promised the consumers protection from unwanted telemarketing calls The law includes penalties of up to 11 000 in fines for those telemarketers who ignore the registry and continue to call listed numbers The National Do Not Call Registry is managed by the Federal Trade Commission FTC the nation s consumer protection agency It is enforced by the FTC the Federal Communications Commission FCC and state law enforcement officials By August 2003 about 50 million phone numbers were already included in the DNC registry 2 2 2 The Registry and its Business Rules Our pedagogical strategy at this point is based on class discussions where the students have an opportunity to present and summarize the functions of the registry and other related issues The business rules describing the different transactions are synthesized as consumer registry interactions Other aspects such as merchant registry and registry merchant interactions were recognized but not elaborated It should be noted that students actively participated in these discussions and it was clear that the majority of them were in favor of the concept of the registry We believe that this is important as students tend to create
45. und the Updatable query exception is to store the database file into a subdirectory that has already been granted the Global and Shared privileges Files under Windows XP could be remotely accessed via web by just moving them to the folder C My Documents All Users Shared Documents This directory has already all the options set including Read Modify Write and allows everybody to access the files Appendix B Sample Syllabus and short instructor notes Date s End of week 1 Submit team name team logo and names email address of all team members End of week 2 Register your phone number with the actual Do Not Call Registry Submit resulting printouts End of week 3 Class Discussion 1 Free speech of the telemarketing industry vs the consumer s right to privacy Take a position which side did you chose and why 2 The legality of reverse engineering of existing systems and artifacts Copyright laws Take a position which side did you chose and why End of week 4 Submit use case diagrams End of week 5 Submit required systems analysis including your sequence and transition diagrams End of week 6 Class Discussion Agree on a physical implementation of the conceptual model End of week 7 Submit required database documentation including demonstration of completed MS Access implementation End of week 8 Submit screen prints of completed graphical user interface GUI for the home page first entry page No functionality GUI onl
46. y End of week 9 Submit screen prints of completed graphical user interface GUI for the complete registration process No functionality GUI only End of week 10 Begin documentation process esses Begin documentation process esses process End of week 11 Submit demonstrate working application up to but not including the email process Insure your database is being correctly updated with all applicable information End of week 12 Submit screen prints of completed graphical user interface GUI for the email process No functionality GUI only End of week 13 Class Discussion Security and System Management Identification assessment and response to threats Ethical issues surrounding data assurance security and privacy End of week 14 Submit the following documentation Note All manuals must be typed have a table of contents and or index and finally a professional layout easy to follow and understand User s Manual How do users properly use your product What happens when an error is received How is it corrected What technical issues might be encountered Insure it can stand alone without you there to explain Include a How To for every activity in your site common and not so common errors explained and fixes suggested and so forth Application Administrator s Manual How do administrators properly use your product What happens when an error is received How is it corrected What technical issues might be enc
47. y of their findings The second step of the process requires the participants to act as a typical consumer Students are asked to register their personal home phone number using the internet version of the registry The purpose of the task is to gain full understanding of the actions taking place in a typical interaction between a consumer and the existing DNC system Some of the suggested strategies include flawless and wrongful situations such as a registration of a new and valid phone number b registration of a phone already signed for c partial registration of a phone number followed by intentional omission of confirmation steps etc All relevant information should be noted and schematically represented using UML diagrams to be discussed later The following section contains a brief synopsis of the typical statements reported by the students about the origins and operational characterization of the actual internet version of the registry as implemented by the FCC 2 2 1 What exactly is the Do Not Call DNC Registry According to year 2002 estimates made by the Direct Telemarketing Association an average of 60 million telemarketing calls were made daily Those unsolicited calls were aimed at selling all kind of products and services ranging from cheaper mortgage loans to unforgettable summer vacations in the Caribbean Under pressure from many consumer advocacy groups the U S A Congress intervened and drafted legislation to reg
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