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1. 000 52 REVIEW TCL PASCAL By B J Biddles Until recently the only language seriously available for the PET user has been the BASIC supplied with it Now however a full implementation of Pascal has been made available by Transam Components Ltd This is not a toy Language but is suitabie both for Learning Pascal and as the main Language with which the PET is used It runs ona 32k PET BASIC 2 with the 2040 3040 disks The cost is 120 pounds and for that you get a 104 page manual a disk containing the compiler and various programs and the inevitable security ROM that has to be mounted in the central spare socket on the PET board The manuat is clearly written and presented and begins with 60 pages iy which the beginner is gently guided into Pascal by numerous Little example programs though it would have helped had the syntax words been distinguished in some way from words freely chosen by the programmer This is nit picking however by some standards this manual is perfection The remaining 64 pages are a detailed Pascal reference manual which also includes information on the various extensions to the standard Pascal Pascal is a semi compiled language in contrast to PET s BASIC which is interpreted The interpreter is a program stored in the PET ROMs which scans your BASIC code continuously during RUN interpreting it into the machine code required by the 6502 microprocessor within the PET Every time2. uun y yim Deiddng weoid uoljesjsuowedg uod sn ayz ozuo sinid Ajduis uonmaates pue indu usd pn asn susesBord snoA aaoduij 46 Visicalc has now overtaken Microchess sales to become UK s best selling program 3 000 copies being sold in the Last quarter of 1980 Visicalc allows the creation of a dynamic worksheet with automatic re calculation of dependent variables should the user change any parameter involved Visicaic is suppliea complete with a comprehensive manual for 125 00 from dealers or ACT MicrosorTt geg oe 47 DATA PACKING Disk space is always at a premium however sata has to be kept often ir numeric format lf this is stored in the conventional alpha string it uses up Lots oi space Here however are Two simple Subroutines that can pack mumeric data into smaller alpha strirgs In this example 999999 99 can be packed into only four bytes of store saving five bytes on the old method 130 180 is the encoder 200 250 is the decoder I l eave the reader to find the use of Lines 160 170 and 220 Sab 100 REM PACKDATA 170 PRINT PRINT PRINT INPUT INPUT VALUE X 120 X PRINT 130 FOR I 1 TO 4 140 XX INT X C1004 C3 1 sX X XX 1004 3 1 159 IFI S3THENX X 005 160 IF X lt 36 THEN XX Xx 200 170 IF XX 98 THEN XX 198 TRO XS xXSH CHRECXX NEXTI 190 PRINTXS STRING STORED PRINT 20 FOR I 1 TO 4 AS H1 we XS 1 13 2K ASC CAS QO ITFX gt 200 THEN X xX 200 D IFX 198 THEN
3. After selling over 6 000 Toolkits in 18 months Chris Preston Petsoft s chief programmer hes produced an uporeded version callea the Programmer s Friend Competition for the ROM slots has resulted in this version being disk based amd excellent as this idea is I cannot somenow reconcile it with their recent findings on illicit copying A perfunctory glance thrceuah the handbook might Suggest it is simply the Toolkit on disk but clcser examination reveals several notable imprcvements Most cf you are familiar with the Toolkit even if you don t have one and I make no apologies for comparinc the two AUTO is essentially the same it provides Line numbers in increments either from parameter specifiec or by default from 190 in increments of 10 The subtle aifference is that the Froen will accept the default start value with a non default increment e a AUTO 20 DELETE appears to be unchangea in deletina a block of Lines specified with parameters in the same forrat as LIST DUMP however hes a useful improvement The Toolkit dumped the variable table tc the screen scrolling being stopped with the SHIFT key STOP aborting the routine With the friend scrolling does not occur The display waits at the bottom of the screen for a key press The space bar clears the screen 2nu continues the dump any other key aborts the POUT Me FIND is also unmodified in operation with the exception of the same refinement as in DUNP of SP
4. may affect FIND and RENUM if a split GO TO is used TRACE anu STEP are stiil available but oper tion in the Friena differs from tne Toolkit The window which displays the executed Line numbers insteaa of scrolling the Last six up scrolls the Last nine down It tcok e Loet of use to become accustomed to downward scrollinc STEP tc the next Line is by the SHIFT key Either function can be disabled by the OFF command So what s new Well BREAK sets amp breakpoint at the Specified Line number If in testina you put a STOP in a progrem Line you can COMTinue but if you need te remove it CONT produces CAN T CONTINUE ERROR With BREAK it does not form part of your proqrem and it is cancelled after use Adciitionelly it can be cancelled with UNERK Also inherent in the Friend is a repeat key routine active on all keys Dwell time and repeat rate can be modified by POKEing the appropriate Locations but these are not published in the instructions 43 The Programmer s Friend is fully compatible with DOS Support ana resides at 7148 to 7075 It is activated by SYS29000 7148 after which FRE O aives 27901 bytes free It appears to require more working space than the Toolkit using both top of memory and the second cassette buffer The version reviewed was for the 3032 R D G wm jo COMMODORE COLUMN The 8010 modem still has development problems and at the time of writing no release date has been set The problem ap
5. of arrays of arrays 1f required or SETS Or ENUMERATED i e a specified List In addition new TYPES may be defined oy the programmer For example a variable called WEEKDAY may be defined as the ENUMERATED SET Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday This richness of constructs accounts for the power of the Language but makes it much harder to grasp in its entirety than BASIC Throw in RECURSION as well and the result car be quite mind boggling Like anything else however it may be Learned one step at a time and the manual should prove to be an adequate introduction to the language as well as a reference text The first thing to do after opening the box and sending off the Licence agreement signed in blood is to pull out the PICCHIP or whatever ROM you have in the central socket and insert the security ROM CAs you pull out the other chip it rotates at the Last minute and Sticks into your fingers that is where the blood comes from You then load Pascal and RUN it This puts you into RESIDENT COMPILER mode which is very useful for getting Started Pascal programs may be entered and edited and then compiled and run using the command RUN without further use of the disks Programs are written or numbered Lines as ir BASIC The numbers play no essential part in the Pascal but are useful for editing deleting and inserting just as in BASIC In addition it is possible to FIND and CHANGE Strings of characters After
6. of machines ranging from Nascoms t PETs an Apples The meeting starts at 8pm and is held in the staff canteen of British Aerospace Dynamics Plant B Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage If any IPUG members are interested in attending they should contact Trevor ugwell G8KMV 11 The Detl Stevenage Herts SG1 1PH or phone 0438 54689 el t weg Km NEW PET GROUP Following a recent meeting of five Local PET owners it was decided to form a Local PET User Group covering the towns of Stevenage and Hitchin If any owners of PET CBM VIC series f machines are interested in the club they should contact Phillip Nortiboy at the following address d Spurrs Close Hitchen Herts or phone Hitchen 54435 cal C i SOFTWARE LIBRARY ADDITIONS 13 Assembler and Dis assembler new ROfis only Has most of the features found in professional assemblers now available at a very low price Some of the features are labels variables all addressing modes cursor insert delete supports 8Q0 column orinter IEEE port only and save assembler programs 14 Concentration Game olc ROMs only A card aame which allows you to play against the computer or other players Full graphics an all 52 cards 15 Aircraft Landing old ROMs only This prcarem allows you to test your skill at Landing an aircraft 8 control variables are involved in controlling the aircraft Full grephics 000 41 REVIEW The Progremmer s Friend ACT Petsoft 25 90
7. the program is RUN this interpretation must be repeated and if the program contains a loop that is repeated 1000 times then the code within the loop is interpreted 1000 times This is why interpreted BASIC is slow With Pascal however the code is translated only once and the resulting machine code is held in memory ready to be RUN The process is called compilation and results in a considerable ircrease of running speed Pascal is different from other compiled Languages however in that it is not usually compiled to the machine code but to a code called P code which may be thought of as the machine code of a micro ideally suited to running Pascal 53 such as the Pascal Microengine For other machires there has to be a small interpreter to corvert the P code into the required machine code This interpreter is much smaller and easier to write than a full Pascal compiler would be which simplifies the task of getting Pascal out onto the various machines but the interpretation slows tne running speed somewhat The result is a Language which is 2 4 times faster than BASIC depending upon which benchmarks you use to measure it I used Kilobaud Benchmarks 3 8 This is not a great improvement though it might be significant in some circumstances My firm purchased TCL Pascal to evaluate it for use in a scientific instrument application concerned with real time data logging and Fourier Transformation The evaluation was carried
8. ACE clearing the screen and continuing the display and STOP aborting the routine In addition to printing the line containing the search key the end character of the search key is displayed in reverse fielc If the search key is a keyword then the whole keyword is reversed I was disappointed that only the first occurrence in a Line was so displayed for if one has say erroneously used a 42 sinale variable for two coirflictinag reauirements ana wishes to chanoe some occurrences of X to Y one could overicok an occurrence of X which had not been displayed in reverse field HELP appears to be no different in use and t esentation but APPEND which was cassette orientated he been replaced by a true MERGE from disk The format is t GE PROG2 TO 1 PROG1 for CBM disk drives with PROG2 c inc on the default drive I found the MERGE failed when he PROGI arive number was omitted Lines in PROG replace Lines of PROG2 havinc the same number Renumber has been shortened to RENUM although as with all such keyworcs R with shifted E will suffice but the rcutine will now renumber a program block RENUN e b c c will renumber the blcck between Lines c d starting at a in increments of b Since the program lines are not resequenced simply renumberec you can have fun with this one within the constraints of the error messages Although a tnorciivh evaluation takes time I suspect that the Friend does not recognise the GQ token and this
9. EEE dag AN H green ki ZA E MA Sf Wits eg f WH VO fs A f La N NY N Y a SE N PN OO PR Pe AC Zei oe Zei Ze Zei Ze Ze t Ze Sei Zei oe gt Ee fa aa fan an an af Ze Ze Zi K Zei Z Z i Zef Ze Ze h i Vice Chairman General Secretary Treasurer Software Librarian Membership Enquiries Assistant Editors Editor Pete Dowson Eli Pamphlett Luke Gardiner Bob Wood RUG 57 Clough Hall Road Kidsgrove Stoke on Trent Staffs Mike Todd Ray Hunt Ron Geere 109 York Road Farnborough Hants GU14 6NQ TADEPEINDEINT PET USERS GROUP Vol 3 No 2 Newsletter MAR 1981 Page Contents 34 Editor s Notebook 55 Matters Arising 59 Tech Tips 46 Review 2532 EPROM Programmer 4 Peeking amp Poking About H Gy Ca UG th Software Library Additions 44 Review The Programmer s Friend E Commodore Column Oe Bai Packing h Review Sales Ledger Package AG Shop Window a Review TGL Pascal The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and not necessarily those of IPUG or the editor Items mentioned in Shop Window are culled from adver tisers material and IPUG do not necessarily endorse or recommend such items caveat emptor 34 EDITOP S MOTESOCK There are ta number a 1980 backrissves of the Newsletter available not the Compendium for EI UUs Copies may be obtained by sending your remittance to IPUG 57 Clough Rall Road
10. Kidsareve Stcke on Trent Statis ST7 1AR Many dealers are prepared to offer ftaveurzble terms to IPUG members ana for a rumber cf reasons we have not vee aole tc be tco snecific in print Comnsecuertlhy some lLecal Groups have been ante te mace their Own errangements wit Local ceaters while others neve been less fortunate In order to extend the facility te all members we are starting a procurement department run by Luke Gardiner and Son Hood Bob already supplies cassettes at a orice tnat would be difficult to match elsewhere perhaps we can extend this to disks and alsco hardware Some items suck es printers have a price br eak point cf two or five Let us know your requirement we will find a orice Wher requesteu you forwarc the money which roes of te tre dealer who then effects del very Yarranty arr nqemer ts renain effective via the dealer Contact Ron Hood at 13 Bowland Crescent Warc Green Parrsleyv South Yor s SYO JS In addition to the above we will be shortly APDE INENG a publicity ufftcer ta handle advertising not ois for cealers acs in tne Newsletter but tc puvlicise IPUG Furth rore nave we a member in the Leagal crofession whe would be mrenpared to offer edvice tc members on sucn itens as Sale of Goods Act Warrenties leqal riahts and the Like Confusion may heve occurred when repcrtina that the 1981 suoscriotion was unchanaqec I hed in fact omitted tc mention that tie averseas subscription is ten po
11. M OO GLF 16 anjea O13sejUuUe4 Ajuo seuryseu apeiidn jou WOH Mau 404 suol 9eU uod Joen oi s 3 uuog p nb A1VLq Odd Edd YOUMS U09 ul fnid CH jezsu oi ajdung wed QISWg 10 2007 9IA P uaigtuem ade pue jO1ZUOD JWNJOA YSIS J0 UO AINIHOVIAI INOA Buso mom Apises sauseis WOIJ JBAOIOY K e DO GL3 XOFGNNOS NOLLAG LISIJY HAWS N VIE Saga INTE ADILON LNOHLIM NOILVOIS 1234S ANY H zx JHL YSLTV OL LHOIY JHL JAYASIJY AM senbayd oi GL ppe aseaid LWA epnjoxe Soud jy O18 sep ampiey L34 spueoqAsy OI V d Ba souen Aeu O Jo eupiapn pue eent wuBsboid Jo ops puas y es GZ LF ye sjqeyeae suweuboid Aur Senn OUT UO aow Jesn y HOA BuG sny aiqissod Jonge S10JQBUU0D ajHuis OUO SBdP 19 UI BUIGUICD FIM M O0 zt sem OG LEJ Ajuo 3e dius e Ajnay papnyjou sjozju0S zu wzsnfpe sinjoid 33y 10 29UUOS aljassed ajqenyea ANOA asn 0 pseu ou papnjou Ajddns amod pasny Aljny UMO Su SEY HUN SIU JOJIUOL OAPIA E O 40 a lg 0 L d Weuu0g a pai D0 OLS Sem Pun YIUMS E OG GZF sutew OO LZS GF O Z snid OO LLF HUN YIUMS E Bra yayms exe d GF ueut OO LLF wun yoyms ajbuls um ad Sa OG LF Gurepso u ymMm ajejndijs aseajd papasu si Guiyozians SUHU J pays PIMs eg ues sduse G 0 dN L d 942 Buisn pajjoiju0d aq ued sadlAop g OL dn yun ae Buisn seviaap jeusayXd O1 UOD GIES SE oe ks UNN HOU IAS 00 GZ3 sem OO GLZ Ajuo le ajaqvaatjequrm
12. X 98 Al Y ave1xex 100403 1 S0 NE TI 60 PRINT VALUE RETURN FROM STORE 3V V 0 723 GOTO110 Lal PI as Be The editor reaqrets having mislaid the name of the author of this article Edla a SIUP FRES Phe meeting announced on ps5 January issue is on March Ten not February 17th as printed 48 REVIEW Sales Ledger Package Anagram Systems Ltd Prior to deciding which program we would purchase for use in our Accountancy Practice we Looked at several Sales Ledger packages and quite a few of them left certain major points uncovered and appeared to be rather difficult to use We have been using the Anagram Systems program for the past 9 months and have found it extremely easy to use Such features which it includes are 1 Normal print out of various Reports of Age Debtors Analysis and Statements 2 The fact that account numbers are not used but the name of the company arid the program can search on any initial Letter match means that a register of account numbers to account names does not have to be held and consequently posting of the invoices and cash is greatly facilitated 3 The usual problems of being able to end a program by the STOP key or even avoiding printing by switching off the printer in mid routine cannot be achieved as the program will immediately detect the fact that the printer is not operational A Finally the program is easy to use should one go down an avenue of options and find that one is
13. act problem on a large keyboard PET by carefully dismantling it and gently cleaning th conducting rubber centacts Unplug unscrew anc remove the keyboard entirely Then vunsolder the Shift lock wires and unscrew the circuit boara Nothing Leaps out an4 you need not remove the keycaps HOOT 36 REVIEW ny Pay Hunt 2532 EPROM Programmer DR Electronic Have you ever considered Locating your own machine code routines permanently within your PET Yes Well there existS a package to use your PET to program the 2532 type EPROMs so that those pet sorry routines may be available on power up The package consists of a small 16x5 cm printed circuit board and a cassette which has been designeac to run on oid and new ROM machines The printed circuit board plugs directiy into tre back of the PET via all three of its edge connectors taking data from the IEEE port control siqnats fror the user port and power from the cassette port These edge connectors are not reproduced on the back of the circuit board but component arrangement on the board is well planned with all the component Locations suitably marked A 24 pin d iwt socket is provided on hoard to accomodate the EPROM which nay be a master to be copied or a blank to be programmed At extra expense a plinth mounted Zero Insertion Force socket is available This z i f socket will ensure no damage is done to the EPROM during insertion or removal and it also pla
14. ces the chip Location adjacent to the PET s keyboard The printed circuit doard is uncased the rear edge of the board being supported by pillars which conveniently rest on the flat surface which Supports your PET Only one control is provided here an eight contact d i l switch which has the eight switch positions set according to the type of EPROM in use The software for the system is written in PET BASIC with a number of machine code suproutines for faster operation When the proaram is Loaded PET disolays the required switch settings for each EPROM type and when irstructed takes 25 seconds to load the subroutines and display the menu 37 The menu consists of 7 selections BLOW PROM READ PROM FILL RAM SEQUENCE IN RAM VERIFY PROM ERASED READ MODIFY WRITE RAM OUR GM za Oo In use the system requires the 4K to 7K area of the PET s memory for the storage of data which is either read from a previously programmed EPROM or loaded from the keyboard using instruction 6 Data is Loaded in hexadecimal and it is possible to add to alter or increment without change any of the memory Locations It is also possible to load this memory area with a previously saved m c program from cassette or disk before the circuit board 1s connected In order to check if an EPROM is blank instruction S is used but as a precaution an automatic check is carried out every time instruction G 1s selected PET takes 3 minutes 40 seconds to
15. ell astructed is relatively easy to use and tne software contains no bugs to cause any problems To make fuil use of t is unit I believe that you may require an assembler which 4 relocate your routines for ROM operation and at the time save a copy of the relocated code tn RAM if you re interested then you can get them from Ret LECHPONICS Fairoak House Church Road Newport sent 2532 EPROM programmer 92 00 Z I F socket ie a Cine VAT and postage Note a 2516 2716 cr varammer is also available 000 PEEKING amp POKING ABOUT Don t get caught as some do when shrinking a program by removing spaces if the program contains IF ST AND 64 for example Without spaces PET sees it as IF S TAN D64 which 1 ot what was intended The cure is to use IF ST1 AND 64 ince ST1 is stored as ST it is interpreted as the status b and the 1 prevents the TAN being seen Ken Williams needed to know the duration of the Invcrvupt Service Routine ISR something believed to be nt orto unpublished His measurements come to a fraction O 1 5 milliseconds Enthusiasts can wade through the Ca nd tot up the average number of machine cycles for rs accuracy 0a The GR Electronics 2532 2732 PROM Programmer 3 Om GI Gt T rs ay Sth March the Stevenene District Amateur a gsecrety are holuing a computer night and anyone with me computer is invited to bring it alcnq It is hoped C have a wide selection
16. ers details can De obtained from Micro computer Systems Corps Sunnyvale California USA Tel 408 733 4200 price 700 A high specification two channel D A converter trom Hendry Electronics is IEEF 488 compatible and provides 1 and 10 volts tull scale The unit has numerous special features such as ignoring invalid characters opto isolated outputs and pro xutput on power up For details of options and prices contact Hendry Electronics Lt ey 2 River Road Arundel W Sussex BNIE ODM Tels 9903 882255 EDI Electronic Engineering have a 700 hardware and software package that allows software development for Intel s 8080 and 8085 microprocessors to be done on a 32K PET plus 3040 disk drives The disk based software can be used with CBM s standard tditor and consists of a two pass assembler The hardware is a plug in module to simulate the 6080 system EDI are based in Ipswich 50 igital amp Analogue conversion circuit boards from Machsize Ltd 51 Pete Dowson has been at it again and has developed an IBM to PET interface which will be on sale for 995 from Davidson Richards DRL CO1 CO2 and C03 protocols can be emulated with IBM 2780 and 3780 to follow Contact Davidson Richards International Ltd 14 Duffield Road Derby D I 3BB Tel 0332 366803 A source of cheap memory could be the 6502 6800 DM series Available with 32K 16K or OK i e Less RAM chips assembled or as a mini kit including the pcb ma
17. in the wrong position it is very easy to move back one option or go right back to the beginning and start again without doing any damage to any of the data It is also very easy to amend and alter any miskeyings even after an item has been posted to the Ledger At all times correction is possible The manual that accompanies the disk is well presented and the instructions are very simple to fellow but the program is menu driven and after the initial readirg and understanding of the manuat one need never refer to it again I would also mention that 1 have founda that the personnel at Anagram to be very helpful for when we did manage to corrupt a disk they corrected this within 48 hours without any Loss of data Reviewed by J G Feingold LA 49 SHOP WINDOW A Tiny Pascal is available from Sapphire Software Ltd PO Box 244 Milton Keynes MK14 7BQ Included is a Line editor a compiler an interpreter sample prograis and a user manual The p code interpreter s in 650e machine code For 16 32K new ROM PETs at an all inclusive peice AP 29001 Fe Micro Computer Centre is offering a service and repair scheme tor users within a 50 mile radius ot London and guarantees a down time of less than 24 hours a Loan machine being suppl ed if necessary Contact Malcolm North J1 878 7044 The MSC 9305 universal controlier Links the Shugart S 7 506 micro Winchester disk drive to the IEEE 488 bus Aimed primarily at systems design
18. nual and the hard to get components only or thirdly just the pcb and the manual Most expensive is one off 32K model at 395 15 for outside US Details from Beta Computer Devices 1230 NV Collins Ave Orange California 92668 Tel 714 653 7280 Several inexpensive digital and analogue conversion modules are produced by Machsize see photos The converters are Supplied complete with detailed documentation as well as tape and disk software The price of each is 69 95 from Machsize Ltd York House Clarendon Avenue Leamington Spa Warwickshire CV32 5PP Tel 0926 312542 amp 32399 Contact Duncan Smyth General Business Services are offering business members substantial discounts on software Examples are Compsoft DMS Data Management Program 179 at 120 and the program to marry the above to either Wordcraft or Wordpro 30 00 at 25 00 both VAT extra For a List of discounted software available to members contact Andrew Taylor General Business Services 23 Park Hall Road London N2 9PT Tel 01 444 5104 Academic establishments may be interested in the range of application orientated training aids which are PET compatible from Bytronic Associates The range includes stepper motor drives a sorter a sequencing unit and A D D A converters each having available an interactive software package For details contact B A at 88 Russell Bank Road Sutton Coalfield West Midlands B74 4RJ Tel 0675 81448
19. om disk and executes it There is a minor inconverience nere in that the object file has to e called from disk every tine tne program is to be re executed despite presumably being somewhere in memory A number of extensions to Standard Pascal specific to this PET implementation are provided including access to the PET clock and to machine code use of assembly tanguage modules various 1 0 conveniences and program Linking In summary a vahguarze great interest and ra Littl power a full implementation wiicn is as triendly as th Language will permit and a not unreasonable price G00 GARA FL Pave yeu nmoviced that trae 25 ways ta use VISICALC Scftware are nearly all the same This space available for advertising TE SPERE TT EH cape ora ef fe a gt Wipe asa SE e eer Net Oy Printed published and distributed by Carlton Press 10 Bernard Road Gorleston Gt Yarmouth Norfolk NR31 6EG England UK Tel Gt Yarmouth STD 0493 61331 a ee Te Ne eT ee eee ee a
20. out on my own PET since the firm would not buy one unless Pascal proved acceptabie The bad news is that Pascal was not really fast enough for this applicaton which requires a machine code program The gooa news is that J ended up with TCL Pascal legaily licenced Tor use on my PET free Pascal was developed originally as an academic Language and incorporates the eleqant ALGOL lLike block Structures which suit the methouology knowr as stuctured programming The proper use of structures such as DO WHILE REAPEAT UNTIL Ir THEN ELSE and CASE and the use of meaningful labels and subroutine names produces programs which are understandable and have a high probability of being correct It is even claimed by some that it is impossible to write bad code in Pascal This is possibly because the Pascal methodolgy forces a high degree of program planning upon the programmer Ali labels constants variables and variable types have to be thousht out in aavance and d clared before programminqg may begir It is not the Pascal way to program freely svraiant onto the screen as in BASIC For some tnis reduces the satisfaction to be derived from writing programs but Tor a serious application so much pre plannirg can only be beneficial 54 Another majce way in which Pascal differs from BASIC is the number of sata TYPES that 11 can handle Variables may be INTEGER REAL CHARACTER BOOLEAN RECORD etc and may be ARRAYS
21. pears to be associated with the IEEE 483 interface Despite this Commodore have put cut a pamphlet which somewhat prematurely suqgests that atl is well with the modem and the communications software Received some printer ribbons the other cay On the box it said For use on Commodore Black Matrix No 4 Primier Nylon 1552 ana since it was ordered for the Commodore printer I was somewhat perturbed to find that none of them would fit The reason was that the spool holder had a two prong location spigot the spools having three holes The previous spool had four holes and the ones supplied as a replacement by the dealer had six holes Commodore appear to have tightened the thumbscrews again on their dealers The Latest terms and conditions of sale requires them to set up a special trust fund in a Separate bank account Commodore claims that it is merely protecting itself from possible dealer bankruptcies but certain dealers are not happy at being told how their finances should be handled I personally would not be happy to have bought a PET from a dealer who subsequently stopped trading If the range of new products in the pipe line come up to expectations 1981 could be another big year for Commodore and the PET show something not to be missed 18th 20th June inclusive mjia 0O SLF OG LES Nad LHS JOVAYALNI OAGIASA L OS ZLF Sem oO LF Ajuo 3e ejqipaisuy 10339UU07 UOIsUBCXS Alow w 12 UOI DBUUOD Uld 00 0ZF SE
22. produce a fully programmed EPROM which if it is a 2532 will be pir compatable with your PET s expansion sockets While programming takes olace your PET will count for you in octal perhaps to keep you amused but more Likely to Let you know it has not forgotten what it should be doing l At the end of execution of any of the possible instructions the system is equally entertaining in that it generates a display of the graphics of the first AU characters resident in RAM along the bottom of the screen Most of the system instructions are self evident the Least useful and most dangerous are probably instructions 2 and 3 Dangerous Yes Selecting 2 or 3 when you have a full RAM erases it forever The associated documentation may be described as sparse but it contains sufficient information to enable the system to be exploited to the fullest extent This documentation gives further indications of the ease with which it may be used 1 Selecting instruction 1 with no EPROM ir the socket il the memory area with FF i e it clears the memory 2 Althouch it is not possible to program 2K devices it is still possible to read and verify them Assuming that you understand a Little about machine code programming it should take much Less than an hour to become fully proficient with this EPROM programmer If you can write your own machine code then you can use this c S 2m In conclusion then this unit 1s very w
23. typing RUN if the program is incorrect you will hear the disk start up looking for the appropriate error messages These are quite helpful indicating the nature of the errors in detail as well as approximately where they are to be found The program may then be LISTed and edited as in BASIC If the program is correct Yes Son It will happen 55 nne day tre m ssanes 0 errors compilation complete appear and the program is executed If RUN is typed agair the program will pe executed again cut without beina recompiled unless you have made any aiterations of course The Pascal program may be Listed on the prioter or PUT to disk and leter retrieved with GET While in RESIDENT moue the usua DOS commands are allowed as are certain convenient direct RASIC commands Tn adaition numbers ray we converted between HEX and DECIMAL Mast features of the Pascat molementation are available but not use of cisk files or program tirking and ot course the program size is restricted by the continued presence of the resident compiler and of tre source code In DISK mode entered by the command DISK programs may be entered and edited as before but before being compiled they must be PUT to disk eg PUT O PROGNAME The command COMP PROGNAME will cause the proaram to be compiled resulting if cecrrecst In an doject file called PROGNAME OBJ This object file may be executed by the command EX PROGNAME which cails tne file PROGNAME ORJ fr
24. unds Ro Do De ED 35 MATTERS ARISING Avid readers of this masazine will have noted the small print at the foot of the contents page so now to the Centronics 737 mentioned on p9 The claim that the 737 will do its own right justification eppears to be a misrepresentaion It won t In theory one can program the inter letter spaces to produce a right justifty effect but the printer will not do it without the appropriate software In addition the solid character font cnly occurs in the proportional spacing mode qareat except that any formatting or tabbinc by the progrem is screwed up on printout In the mono spaced mode 10cpi gives similer print quality to most other matrix printers The CBM Assembler requires the symbol when declaring an address of a label in immediate mode when using the symbols fei and gt two of the examples aiven in the manual co not use a symbol David Pocock of CBM States that the GD001 assembler was renamed GD1100 some months after release The 16K version mentioned in the manual was never released 16K versions are now available together with the 32K version for 4000 and 8000 series machines The 14K version is available to people who require it who can produce a Letter from Mike Whitehead which was sent with early versions Without this Letter however no free update is possible as the update is to cover only tre 14K version oo TECH TIPS HHH Given writes that he cured a cont
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